text:
\section{Introduction}
It is  well-known that, for the systems with finite motion, one can
introduce the distinguished set of phase space variables (the
``action-angle" variables),   such that the ``angle" variables
parameterize the
torus, while their conjugated ``action" variables are
the functions of constants of motions only \cite{arnold}. As a
consequence, the
 Hamiltonian depends only on action variables.
The formulation of the integrable system  in these variables gives us
a comprehensive  geometric description of its dynamics. Such a
formulation defines a useful tool for the developing of perturbation
theory, since the ``action" variables define adiabatic invariants of
the system.
 The action-angle formulation is important
from the quantum-mechanical point of view as well,
 since in action-angle variables the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization
 is equivalent to the canonical quantization,
with trivial expressions for the wavefunctions.
 Hence,  evaluation of quantum-mechanical
aspects of such system becomes quite simple in this approach.

So, the action-angle variables form a useful tool for the study   of
systems with finite motion. But just such systems presently
attract much attention
 because of progress in mesoscopic physics, where
we usually deal with a motion of (quasi)particles localized in
quantum dots, quantum layers etc. On the other hand, due to the
recent progress in nanotechnology, now the fabrication of various
low-dimensional systems of complicated geometric form (nanotubes,
nanofibers, spherical and cylindrical layers) become possible
\cite{nano}. In these context the  methods of quantum mechanics on
curved space should be relevant for the description of the physics of
nanostructures. Say, the common method for the localizing of the
particle in the disc or in the cylinder is that of the
two-dimensional oscillator for  the role of the
confinement potential.
Similarly, for the localization of
 the particle quantum lens (e.g. $GaAs/In_{1-x}Ga_xAs$, see \cite{lens})
  one can use the Higgs model of the spherical oscillator
  defined by the potential $V_{Higgs}=\frac 12 \omega^2r^2_0\tan^2\theta $  \cite{higgs}.
  Another confinement potential which could be used for the localization of the (quasi)particles
  in quantum lens, is the potential of the so-called $CP^1$ oscillator
  $V_{Higgs}=2 \omega^2r^2_0\tan^2\theta/2 $ \cite{Bellucci}.
The advantage  of the latter potential is with
   respect to the  magnetic field, which has a constant magnitude on the surface of the sphere.
   Such a magnetic field is precisely the magnetic field of a Dirac monopole located at the center of sphere.
   So, formally this field is an unphysical one. However, due to the restriction of the electron in the
   segment/ring of the spherical layer, it could be viewed as a physical field generated e.g. by the pole of
   a magnetic dipole.
The fabrication of semiconductor ring-shaped systems \cite{qr},
presently referred to as  quantum rings (e.g.
$In(Ga)As$ - two-dimensional quantum rings), led to the use of the
singular oscillator potential with the role of the confinement one.
A pioneering  work on the  theoretical study of the
impact of the magnetic field on the  electron properties in a quantum
ring was  written by Chakraborty and Pietelainen \cite{qdch}.
 There, for the role of the confinement potential
restricting the motion of electrons in the quantum ring the
shifted oscillator potential $V_{\rm ChP}=\beta(r-r_0)^2$ was choosen. The
results obtained within this approximation are in
 a good correspondence with experimental data. The
quantum ring model of Chakraborty  and Pietelainen  is
not exactly solvable in the general case, and it assumes
 the use of numerical
 simulations.
 The quantum ring model based on the singular oscillator system  \cite{qdsw} has been suggested
  as an analytically  solvable alternative to the Chakraborty-Pietelainen model.
 Although calculations performed within the Chakraborty-Pietelainen model are
 in  better correspondence with experimental data
 than those within the singular oscillator potential \cite{comp}, the latter has its own place
 in the study of quantum rings (see,e.g. \cite{hayk}).

In analogy with the above models, one can suppose, that
 singular versions of two-dimensional Higgs and $CP^1$ oscillators may
be appropriate candidates for the confinement
 potential localizing the motion of the electron in the ring of a spherical quantum layer.

By the above listed reasons  we present, in this paper, the action-angle
formulation of the two-dimensional singular oscillator and of its
spherical generalizations based on Higgs and $CP^1$ spherical
oscillator models.

We shall start from the  simple model of a two-dimensional singular
oscillator given by the Hamiltonian \be H=\frac{{\bf
p}^2}{2}+\frac{\alpha^2}{2{\bf r}^2} + \frac{\omega^2 {\bf r}^2}{2}.
\label{singosc} \ee Then we shall consider a two-dimensional singular
spherical oscillator defined  by the following Hamiltonian: \be
H_{\rm Higgs}=\frac{p_{\theta}^2}{2r^2_0}+\frac{
p_{\varphi}^2}{2r^2_0 \sin ^2\theta}+\frac{\alpha^2}{2r^2_0}
\cot^2\theta+\frac{\omega^2r^2_0}{2} \tan^2\theta ,\label{higgs}\ee
where $r_0$ is the radius of the sphere.

This system generalizes the well-known Higgs model of the spherical
oscillator \cite{higgs}, whose
uniqueness is in the closeness
  of all trajectories,
 which reflects   the existence of a number of  hidden symmetries    equal to the those
 of the Euclidean oscillator.
By this reason, the Higgs oscillator is a convenient background for the
developing of perturbation theory. Particularly, it admits the
anisotropic modification  preserving the integrability of the system
\cite{anosc}. Hence, such a model of the spherical ring should be
convenient for the study of electrons behavior in external
potential fields, e.g., in the electric one. However, it is easy to
observe that the (singular) Higgs oscillator does not preserve its
exact solvability in the presence of a constant magnetic field, in
contrast with the Euclidean one. While the study of quantum dot
systems in a magnetic field is of a special physical importance.
By this reason we consider  the  alternative model of the singular
spherical oscillator, given by the Hamiltonian \cite{aramyan} \be
H_{CP^1}= \frac{p_{\theta}^2}{2r^2_0}+\frac{ p_{\varphi}^2}{2r^2_0
\sin
^2\theta}+\frac{\alpha^2}{8r^2_0}\cot^2\frac{\theta}{2}+2\omega^2r^2_0\tan^2\frac{\theta}{2}.
\label{alt}\ee It is based on the model of the
oscillator on complex
projective spaces \cite{Bellucci} and, in contrast with the (singular)
Higgs oscillator, it respects the inclusion of a constant magnetic
field (of the Dirac monopole). Let us notice that a similar model on the
four-dimensional sphere and hyperboloid respects the inclusion of
the BPST instanton field \cite{mn}. Quantum mechanical solutions of
(\ref{alt}) are not constructed yet. But they could be found by
a proper modification of the solutions of the corresponding non-singular
system (third  reference in \cite{Bellucci}). Because of the absence of
hidden symmetries, this model is not convenient for the study of the
system in external potential (e.g. electric ) fields. But it
convenient for the study of the interaction with the external magnetic
field.

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\section{Action-angle variables}
The well-known Liouville theorem gives the exact criterium of integrability of the
$N$-dimensional mechanical system: that is the existence of   $N$ mutually commuting constants
of motion $F_1=H,\ldots, F_n$: $\{F_i, F_j\}=0$,$i,j=1,\ldots N$.
The theorem also states that if the level surface $M_f=\left( (p_i,q_i):
F_i=const\right)$ is a {\sl compact and connective manifold}, then it
is diffeomorphic to the $N$-dimensional torus $T^N$. The natural angular
coordinates ${\bf \Phi}=(\Phi_1,\ldots, \Phi_N)$ parameterizing that torus satisfy the motion
equations of a free particle moving on a circle. These coordinates form,  with
their conjugate momenta ${\bf I}=(I_1,\ldots, I_N)$, a full set of phase space  variables
called ``action-angle'' variables. One of the
results of the theorem is that the momenta ${\bf I}$ depend on constants of
motion only ${\bf I}={\bf I}({\bf F})$. So, there exists a
canonical transformation to the new variables $({\bf p},{\bf q})\mapsto
({\bf I},{\bf \Phi})$, in which the Hamiltonian depends  on the constants of
motion ${\bf I}$ (which are called action variables) only. Consequently, the
equations of motion read
 \be
\frac{d{\bf I}}{dt}=0,\quad \frac{d{\bf \Phi}}{dt}=\frac{\partial
H(I)}{\partial {\bf I}
\qquad \{ I_i, \Phi_j
\}=\delta_{ij},\qquad  \Phi_i\in [0,2\pi ),\quad i,j=1,\ldots, N.
 \ee
Besides the practical importance, the action-angle formulation has an academic interest as well.
From the academic viewpoint, it gives a
precise indication of the (non)equivalence of different
Hamiltonian systems. Indeed, gauging the integrable system by
action-angle variables, we preserve the freedom only in the
functional dependence of the Hamiltonian from the action
variables, $H=H({\bf I})$, and
in the range of validity of the action variables, $I_i\in [\beta^{-}_i, \beta ^{+}_i]$.
Hence formulating the systems in terms of action-angle variables, we can indicate the (non)equivalence
of different integrable systems. Let us refer, in this respect, to the recent paper \cite{lny}, where, particularly,
the global equivalence of $A_2$ and $G_2$ rational Calogero models, and their global equivalence
with a free particle on the circle, has been established in this way.

In action-angle variables the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization is equivalent to the canonical quantization,
with a quite simple  expression for the wavefunction
\be {\widehat I}_i\Psi(\Phi )= I_i\Psi(\Phi),\qquad
{\widehat I}_i=-\imath\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial \Phi_i},\quad
\Psi=\frac{1}{({2\pi})^{N/2}}\prod_{i=1}^{N}{\rm e}^{-\imath\; n_{i}\Phi_i},\quad I_i=\hbar  n_{i},
\label{spectra}\ee
where $n_{i}$ are integer numbers taking their values at the range
$[\beta^{-}_i, \beta^{+}_{i}]$.

The general prescription for the construction of action-angle
variables  looks  as follows \cite{arnold}.
 In order to construct the action-angle  variables, we should fix the level
surface of the Hamiltonian
 ${\bf F}={\bf c}$ and then introduce the generating function
 for the canonical transformation $({\bf p},{\bf q})\mapsto({\bf  I},{\bf \Phi})$,
which is defined by the expression
\be S({\bf c}, {\bf q})=\int_{{\bf F}={\bf c}} {\bf p} d{\bf q},\label{sdef} \ee where ${\bf p}$
are expressed via ${\bf c}, {\bf q}$ by the use of the constants of
motion.
The action variables ${\bf I}$ can be obtained from the expression \be
I_i(c)=\frac{1}{2\pi}\oint_{\gamma_i} {\bf p}d{\bf q}, \ee
where $\gamma_i$
is some loop of the level surface ${\bf F}={\bf c}$. Then inverting these relations, we can get the
expressions of ${\bf c}$ via action variables: ${\bf c}={\bf c}({\bf I})$.
The angle variables ${\bf \Phi}$ can be found from the expression \be
{\bf \Phi}= \frac{\partial S({\bf c}({\bf I}), {\bf q})}{\partial {\bf I}}. \ee
In the next sections we will use the above formulae for the construction of the ``action-angle" variables of the
two-dimensional singular oscillator models.

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\section{Singular Euclidean oscillator}
Let us demonstrate our approach with the simplest example of the
singular oscillator on the two-dimensional Euclidean space, which is defined by the
Hamiltonian (\ref{singosc}).
In polar coordinates this Hamiltonian reads
\be H=\frac{p_r^2}{2}+\frac{p_\varphi^2+\alpha^2}{2 r^2} +
\frac{\omega^2 r^2}{2},\qquad  x=r\cos\varphi,\quad y=r\sin\varphi.\label{2osc} \ee
Taking into account that the angular momentum $p_\varphi$ is the constant of motion of this system,
we can represent  its generating function as follows:
$S(p_\varphi, h,\varphi, r )= p_\varphi\varphi +\int_{H=h} p_r dr$.
So,
for the action variables we get the expressions
\be
I_1= \frac{1}{2 \pi} \ointint p_\varphi d \varphi = p_\varphi,\qquad
I_2=\frac{1}{2 \pi} \ointint p_r d r = \frac{h}{2\omega} - \frac{\widetilde{p}_\varphi}{2}
\qquad{\rm where}\quad\widetilde{p}_\varphi
\equiv\sqrt{p_{\varphi}^2+\alpha^2}
\ee
Respectively, the Hamiltonian takes the form
\be
H_{2d}=\omega\left(2I_2+\sqrt{I^2_1+\alpha^2}\right
\ee The angle variables read
\be \Phi_1 = \varphi
-\frac{p_\varphi}{2\tilde{p}_\varphi}
\arcsin
\frac{\left(\widetilde{p}_{\varphi} + \omega r^2 \right) \sqrt{2 h r^2-\widetilde{p}_{\varphi}^2-\omega^2 r^4}}{(h+\widetilde{p}_{\varphi} \omega) r^2}
,\quad
\Phi_2 =
-\arcsin\frac{h- r^2 \omega ^2}{\sqrt{h^2-\widetilde{p}_\varphi^2
\omega ^2}}.
\ee
For the reduction of this system to a one-dimensional one, we should put $p_\varphi=0$. In that case the
Hamiltonian takes the form (where we replaced  $r$ by $x$)
$H_{1d}=\omega(2I_2+{\alpha})\equiv 2\omega\tilde{I},\quad \tilde{I} \in [{\alpha}/{2},\infty)$.
So, in the action-angle variable the one-dimensional singular oscillator is locally
equivalent to the nonsingular one. The only difference is in the range of validity of the action variable.
Hence, in spite of the close similarity in the action-angle variable formulation of the one- and
two-dimensional singular
oscillators, the dependence on the singularity term in the second system cannot
be removed by the change in the range of validity of the action variable $\tilde{I}$,
in contrast with the one-dimensional case.
Let us notice that the action variable corresponding to the cyclic coordinate $\varphi$ coincides with the
angular momentum
$I_1=p_\varphi$. However, the respective angle variable $\Phi_1$ is different from the initial angle $\phi$.
In other words, the ``radial" motion, encoded in the dynamic of $I_2$ and $\Phi_2$ variables, has an essential
impact
on the `` angular" motion. While the impact of $\varphi, p_\varphi $ variables in the radial motion is the
shift $\alpha^2\to\alpha^2+p_{\varphi}^2$.

The inclusion of the constant magnetic field in the two-dimensional oscillator system does not
essentially change its properties.
Indeed, it is defined, in the two-dimensional planar system, by the potential
\be {\cal A}=\frac{B_0}{2} (xdy-ydx) = \frac{B_0
r^2}{2} d\varphi \ee
Hence, including the constant magnetic field in the two-dimensional singular oscillator, we shall get
\be H=\frac{p_r^2}{2}+\frac{(p_\varphi-\frac{B_0 r^2}{2})^2}{2
r^2}+\frac{\alpha^2}{2r^2} + \frac{\omega^2 r^2}{2} \qquad \Leftrightarrow \qquad \widetilde{H}=
\frac{p_r^2}{2}+\frac{\widetilde{p}^2_\varphi}{2
r^2}+ \frac{\widetilde{\omega}^2 r^2}{2}, \label{2osc} \ee
where we use the notation
\be {\widetilde{p}_{\varphi}^2} =
{p_{\varphi}^2} + \alpha^2 ,\quad\widetilde{\omega}^2 =
\omega^2+\frac{B_0^2}{4},\quad
 \widetilde{H} =H + \frac{B_0 p_\varphi}{2}  \label{substit}\ee
Hence, we get the  Hamiltonian (\ref{2osc}).
Thus, the impact of the magnetic field  in the generating function $S(h,p_\varphi, r, \varphi)$ consists in the
replacement (\ref{substit}).
Respectively,
the action variables and Hamiltonian are defined by the expressions
\be
I_1=p_\varphi,\quad
I_2=
\frac{\widetilde{h}}{2\widetilde{\omega}} -
\frac{\widetilde{p}_\varphi}{2} \qquad\Rightarrow\qquad
H=\sqrt{\omega^2+(B_0/2)^2} \left(2I_2+\sqrt{I_1^2+\alpha^2} \right)-\frac{B_0I_1}{2}.
\label{hsaa}\ee
The explicit expressions for angle variables reads
\be
\Phi_1 =\varphi - \frac{p_\varphi}{2 \widetilde{p}_{\varphi}}
\arcsin
\frac{\left(\widetilde{p}_{\varphi} + \widetilde{\omega} r^2 \right) \sqrt{2 \tilde{h} r^2-\widetilde{p}_{\varphi}^2-\widetilde{\omega}^2 r^4}}{(\tilde{h} + \widetilde{p}_{\varphi} \widetilde{\omega}) r^2}
,\qqua
\Phi_2 =
- \arcsin\frac{\widetilde{h}- r^2
\widetilde{\omega}^2}{\sqrt{\widetilde{h}^2-\widetilde{p}_\varphi^2
\widetilde{\omega}^2}}
\ee
It is seen that the magnetic field yields in the Hamiltonian the term linear on $I_1$,
in addition to the predictable change of the effective frequency $\omega\to\sqrt{\omega^2+B^2_0/4}$.

So, we constructed the action-angle variables for the
two-dimensional singular oscillator in the constant magnetic field.
In the next sections we shall consider a similar formulation for the models of singular spherical oscillators.

\section{Singular Higgs  oscillator}
In this Section we present the action-angle formulation of the singular Higgs oscillator (\ref{higgs}).
In our  consideration we assume the
unit radius of the sphere, $r_0=1$. The restoration of the
the arbitrary radius can be carried out by the obvious redefinition of the
Hamiltonian and the constants $\alpha,\omega$.

Since the angular momentum $p_\varphi $ is a constant of motion of the system, the
the generating function of the action-angle variables takes the form
\be
S=p_\varphi \varphi+\int p_\theta( h, p_\varphi, \theta ) d\theta ,
\ee
where $H_{\rm Higgs}=h$.
From this generating function we get the action variables
\be
I_1= \frac{1}{2 \pi} \ointint p_\varphi d \varphi = p_\varphi\;,
\qquad I_2=\frac{1}{2\pi}\ointint p_\theta d\theta =
\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{\theta_-}^{\theta_+} \sqrt{2\left(h-\frac{p_{\varphi }^2}{2 \sin
^2\theta }-\frac{\alpha^2}{2} \cot^2\theta-\frac{\omega^2}{2} \tan^2\theta\right)}
d\theta ,\label{11}\ee
where the integration limits $\theta_\pm $ are defined by the condition
\be
2h=\frac{p_{\varphi }^2}{ \sin
^2\theta_\pm }+{\alpha^2} \cot^2\theta_\pm+{\omega^2} \tan^2\theta_\pm .
\ee
To calculate the integral in the second expression, we introduce the notation
\be
\xi=\frac{{1}}{a}\left[\cos{2\theta}
+{b}\right],\qquad
a=\sqrt{1-2\frac{p_\varphi^2+\alpha^2+\omega^2}{2h+\alpha^2+\omega^2}+
\left(\frac{p_\varphi^2+\alpha^2-\omega^2}{2h+\alpha^2+\omega^2}\right)^2},
\quad b=-\frac{p_\varphi^2+\alpha^2-\omega^2}{2h+\alpha^2+\omega^2}.
\label{definitions}
\ee
In this terms the second integral in (\ref{11}) reads (its value can be found by the use of standard methods,
 see, e.g.\cite{fiht,lny})
\be I_2 = \frac{a^2 \sqrt{2h+\alpha ^2+\omega ^2}}{2\pi}
\int\limits_{-1}^1\frac{\sqrt{1-\xi^2}}{1-\left(a\xi+b\right)^2}d\xi
=  \frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{2h+\alpha ^2+\omega ^2}-
\sqrt{p_{\varphi }^2+\alpha ^2}- \omega \right).  \label{h1}\ee
Hence, the functional dependence of the Hamiltonian from the action variables is given by the expression
\be
H=\frac12\left(2I_2+\sqrt{I_1^2+\alpha^2}+\omega\right)^2-\frac{\alpha^2+\omega^2}{2}.
\label{h2}\ee
For $\Phi_1$ and $\Phi_2$ we get

\be \Phi_1 =
\varphi-\frac{p_\varphi}{\widetilde{p}_\varphi}\arcsin \xi+
\frac{p_\varphi}{\widetilde{p}_\varphi}\arctan\frac{1}{2\widetilde{p}_\varphi}\left[
\sqrt{\frac{(2h-p_{\varphi}^{2})^2-4
\omega^2\widetilde{p}_{\varphi}^2}{2 h+\alpha ^2+\omega ^2}} -
\frac{2 h+2\alpha^2+p_{\varphi}^2}{\sqrt{2 h+\alpha ^2+\omega ^2}}
\frac{1+\sqrt{1-\xi^2} }{2 \xi} \right]\label{h3} \ee
\be \Phi_2= -2 \arcsin
\xi
\label{h4}\ee
Here, as in the previous Section, we use the notation
\be
\widetilde{p}_\varphi=\sqrt{p_\varphi^2+ \alpha^2}
\ee

We presented the action-angle formulation of the singular Higgs oscillator (\ref{higgs}) on the sphere of unit
 radius $r_0=1$.
 The action-angle formulation of the system on the sphere  with  arbitrary value of $r_0$
 could be easily found from (\ref{h1})-(\ref{h4}) by  the replacement
 \be
 { H}_{r_0}= \frac{H}{r_{0}^2},\quad {\rm with }\quad {\omega}\to\omega r_{0}^2 .
\label{rep} \ee
 In that case the Hamiltonian (\ref{higgs}) is defined, in the action-angle variables,
 by the following expression:
\be
H=\frac{1}{2r^2_0}\left(2I_2+\sqrt{I_1^2+\alpha^2}+
\omega r^2_0\right)^2-\frac{\alpha^2}{2r^{2}_0}-\frac{\omega^2r^2_0}{2}.
\label{h3}
\ee
It is seen that, in the planar limit  $r_0\to\infty$,
it results in the Hamiltonian of the Euclidean singular oscillator (\ref{hsaa}) with $B_0=0$
(i.e. in the absence of constant magnetic field).
However, the singular Higgs oscillator does not respect the inclusion of constant magnetic field,
 in contrast with the Euclidean one.

Indeed, the magnetic field which has a constant magnitude on the sphere,
is the field of a Dirac monopole located at the center of sphere.
It is defined by the following one-form:
\be
A_D=s(1-\cos\theta)d\varphi,\qquad s=B_0r^2_0.
\ee
Hence, the Hamiltonian of the singular  Higgs oscillator
interacting with a constant magnetic field, is defined by the expression
\be H=\frac{p_{\theta}^2}{2r^2_0}+\frac{\left[p_{\varphi }-s \left( 1- \cos
\theta \right) \right]^2}{2r^2_0\sin ^2\theta }+\frac{\alpha^2}{2r^2_0} \cot^2\theta+
\frac{\omega^2r^2_0}{2} \tan^2\theta .\ee
Writing down the corresponding generating function we shall see
 that the impact of the magnetic field cannot be absorbed
by the proper redefinition of constants. Hence, the inclusion of the magnetic field breaks
the exact solvability of the (singular)  Higgs oscillator, so that the presented model is not
suitable for the study of the
 properties of spherical bands and length  in the external magnetic field.
 However, this models is relevant for the consideration of their properties in the external potential,
  e.g. the electric field.
 Moreover, one can further modify the Higgs oscillator potential providing it by the
 anisotropy properties preserving the
 integrability of the system \cite{anosc}. Such a system would be useful to consider
 the quantum dots model restricted
 from the sphere to the spherical segment.

\setcounter{equation}{0}
\section{Singular ${C}P^1 $ oscillator}
There is another  model of the spherical oscillator,
which  was introduced in \cite{Bellucci} as a proper generalization of the oscillator system
to the complex projective spaces.
It was further generalized for the quaternionic projective spaces, as well \cite{mn}.
Its
specific property was the respect of the constant magnetic fields.
Since the complex projective plane is  equivalent to the two- dimensional sphere, we can use
this model for
the definition of the two-dimensional magnetic oscillator.
In spherical coordinates the potential of this alternative model
of the spherical oscillator reads
\be
V_{CP^1}=2\omega^2r^2_0\tan^2\frac{\theta}{2}.
\ee
In contrast with yje Higgs oscillator,
it preserves the exact solvability property upon inclusion of the constant
 magnetic field.
Respectively, its singular version,  defined by the Hamiltonian (\ref{alt}) also remains
exactly solvable in the presence of a constant magnetic field, at least, classically \cite{aramyan}.
Quantum mechanical solutions of the $CP^1$  singular oscillator are not constructed yet.
But they could be found by a proper modification of the solutions of the corresponding
non-singular system \cite{Bellucci}.

Inclusion of the constant magnetic field yields the following
modification of the Hamiltonian (\ref{alt}): \be H=\frac{p_{\theta
}^2}{2r^2_0}+\frac{\left[p_{\varphi }-s \left( 1- \cos \theta
\right) \right]^2}{2r^2_0\sin ^2\theta }+2 \omega^2r^2_0
\tan^2\frac{\theta }{2}+\frac{\alpha^2}{8r^2_0}
\cot^2\frac{\theta}{2},\qquad s=B_0r^2_0 .\label{alt_magn}\ee As
before, we put, without loss of generality, $r_0=1$. The way of the
restoring of $r_0$ is obvious. Then, in a completely similar way as in the
previous cases, we can construct the action-angle variables of this
system. For the action variables $I_1$ and $I_2$ we get \be I_1=
p_\varphi,\quad I_2=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{\theta_-}^{\theta^+}d\theta
\sqrt{2h-\frac{\left[p_{\varphi }-s \left( 1- \cos \theta \right)
\right]^2}{\sin ^2\theta }-4 \omega^2 \tan^2\frac{\theta
}{2}-\frac{\alpha^2}{4} \cot^2\frac{\theta}{2}}  \ee where
$\theta_\pm$ are defined by the equation \be
h=\frac{\left[p_{\varphi }+s \left( 1- \cos \theta_\pm \right)
\right]^2}{2\sin ^2\theta_\pm }+2 \omega^2
\tan^2\frac{\theta_\pm}{2}+ \frac{\alpha^2}{8}
\cot^2\frac{\theta_\pm}{2}. \ee The explicit expression for the
second integral looks as follows:
$$
 I_2 =\frac{a^2\sqrt{2h+4\omega ^2+\frac{\alpha^2}{4}+s^2}}{\pi  }
\int\limits_{-1}^1\frac{\sqrt{1-\xi^2}}{1-\left(a\xi+b\right)^2}d\xi
=
$$
\be
 =\sqrt{2 h+ s^2+\frac{\alpha^2}{4}+4 \omega ^2}-\sqrt{\frac{p_\varphi^2+\alpha^2}{4}}
-\sqrt{(\frac{p_\varphi}{2}-s)^2+4 \omega ^2},
\label{hcp} \ee where we
introduced  the notation
\be \xi =\frac 1a
\left[\cos\theta-{b}\right],\qquad b = \frac{8 \omega
^2+2s^2-2p_\varphi s- \frac{\alpha^2}{2}}{4h+8\omega ^2+
\frac{\alpha^2}{2}+2s^2},\nonumber
\ee
\be
a=\frac{2}{\sqrt{4h+8\omega^2+\frac{\alpha^2}{2}+2s^2}}
\sqrt{\frac{4h^2-\left(8\omega ^2-p_\varphi s+2s^2\right)
\left(\frac{\alpha^2}{2}+ p_\varphi s\right)}{4h+8\omega
^2+\frac{\alpha^2}{2}+2s^2}-\frac{p_\varphi^2}{2}+p_\varphi s}. \ee
Hence, from (\ref{hcp}) we get that the explicit expression of
 the Hamiltonian has the following dependence from the
action variables: \be
H=\frac{1}{8}\left(2I_2+\sqrt{I_{1}^2+\alpha^2}+\sqrt{(I_1-2s)^2+16\omega^2}\right)^2-\frac{s^2}{2}-
\frac{\alpha^2}{8}-2\omega^2
\ee

The expressions for the angle variables look as follows:
\be
\Phi_1  =
\varphi - \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{p_\varphi}{\widetilde{p}_\varphi}+
\frac{p_\varphi-2 s}{\sqrt{(p_\varphi-2 s)^2+16 \omega ^2}}\right)
\arcsin \xi +\frac{p_\varphi + s}{\sqrt{(p_\varphi -2 s)^2+16 \omega ^2}}\arctan\eta_+
-\frac{p_\varphi}{\widetilde{p}_\varphi}\arctan\eta_-,
\ee
\be
\Phi_2 =\frac{\partial S}{\partial I_2}  = -\arcsin \xi\;.
\ee
Here we used the notation
 \be
\widetilde{p}_\varphi\equiv\sqrt{p_{\varphi}^2+\alpha^2},\qquad
\eta_\pm\equiv\frac{(1\pm b) \left(\frac{1}{\xi }+
\sqrt{\frac{1}{\xi ^2}-1}\right)\pm a}{\sqrt{(1\pm b)^2-a^2}}
\ee

Finally,  let us restore the radius $r_0$  performing the  replacement (\ref{rep}).
In that case the  Hamiltonian (\ref{alt_magn}) is expressed via action variables as follows:
\be
H=\frac{1}{8 r_0^2}\left(2I_2+\sqrt{I_{1}^2+\alpha^2}+\sqrt{(I_1-2B_0 r^2)^2+
16\omega^2r_0^4}\right)^2-\frac{B_0^2 r_0^2}{2}-\frac{\alpha^2}{8 r_0^2}-2\omega^2r_0^2
\ee
It is seen that, in the planar limit  $r_0\to\infty$,
it results in the Hamiltonian of the Euclidean singular oscillator (\ref{hsaa}).\\

So, we presented the action-angle formulation of the model of the spherical singular oscillator
interacting with a constant magnetic field (\ref{alt_magn}).
The  Hamiltonian of the model is  non-degenerate on
both action variables. But it depends on these variables via
elementary functions in the presence of a constant  magnetic field.

These tell us the area of application of the Higgs oscillator potential and of the $CP^1$ oscillator one.
The Higgs model  is useful for the behavior of the quantum dots systems in the external potential
field, e.g, in the electric field.
The $CP^1$ model should be applied for the study of the behavior of a spherical quantum dots model
in the external magnetic field.

\subsection*{Conclusion}
In this  paper we presented the ``action-angle" formulation of the
textbook two-dimensional singular oscillator model,
 and of its two spherical generalizations, based on the
 so-called Higgs and $CP^1$ spherical oscillator potentials.
 Writing this paper we had in mind two goals:
 the first was the suggestion to use the
 action-angle variables in  the study of quantum dots models.
 Another goal was the suggestion of singular spherical oscillator models
 to the role of confinement potentials in spherical quantum rings.
 In the study of spherical rings we suggested, for the role of the constant magnetic field, the
  magnetic field of the
  Dirac monopole located at the center of the sphere. Surely, the Dirac monopole is a non-physical object.
  However, since we assume to use it for the description of the particles localized on a part of the sphere,
  the non-physical nature of the Dirac monopole can be ignored. The monopole can be considered,
  e.g. as a pole of the magnetic dipole. The possible impact of the Dirac monopole on
  the properties of quantum dots model has been considered, e.g.,
  in \cite{monop}. Besides, magnetic monopoles emerge as a class of magnets known as spin ice \cite{si}.

We restricted ourselves to the formal mathematical formulation of the systems, postponing the consideration of the
particles behavior in the spherical quantum rings, described  by the use of the above presented
models,
for the future study.
\\

{\large Acknowledgments.}
 We are  grateful to Tigran Hakobyan and Haik Sarkisyan   for useful discussions
and comments. The work was supported by
 and ANSEF-2229PS grant and by
 Volkswagen Foundation  grant I/84~496.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Hyphenate term with numbers and white space within acronyms
I want to use the command \hyphanation to force latex keeping terms in the same line
The terms are for example IAS 39 and IFRS 9.
I use acornyms for IAS and IFRS and let a white space between the numbers. In code it looks like this:
\acs{IAS} 39 and \acs{IFRS} 9

In the preamble I insert this code:
\hyphenation{
IFRS 9
IAS 39
IAS 01
IAS 02}

But when I compile my document I get the error message that it is not a letter.
If I remove the numbers it works fine.
Now the questions:

*

*How can I use this command with the needed whitespaces?

*Can this command handle acronyms?
I know that I can use the \mbox{}command, but these terms appear very often, so it would be a high invest.
Thanks for you help!!

A: It's not possible to define hyphenation exceptions involving spaces (at least without doing nasty things with category codes).
If you define
\newcommand{\IAS}{\acs{IAS}~\ignorespaces}

you can just search and replace without worrying about possible spaces that could creep in.
Alternatively, replace \acs{IAS} (with a trailing space) with \acs{IAS}~.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When you work with SOA(Services Oriented Architecture) you have to organize your services otherwise will become nightmare for maintenance and debug.
Do you have mapping in your CF admin "/" pointing to your root? in case of IIS windows c:inetpubwwwroot?
coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage$NoSuchTemplateException: Could not find the ColdFusion component or interface cfartgallery.Logical.UserService. at coldfusion.runtime.TemplateProxyFactory.getResolvedFile(TemplateProxyFactory.java:1344) at coldfusion.runtime.TemplateProxyFactory.getTemplateFileHelper(TemplateProxyFactory.java:1571) at coldfusion.cfc.ComponentProxyFactory.getProxy(ComponentProxyFactory.java:51) ……..
I use it as a remote object.
Are you testing using As remote object or webservice?
Ensure that the name is correct and that the component or interface exists.
Message Could not find the ColdFusion component or interface cfartgallery.Logical.UserService.
I followed your instructions to the letter. The folder structure and the file exists but I still get the error. What am I doing wrong?


The estate known today as Freemark Abbey was established in 1886 by one of the first female wine-growers in Napa. Today Ted Edwards is head winemaker, working for the past three decades to develop relationships with growers, allowing exclusive sourcing rights to specific plots, which is crucial to the winery's success. This wine has been aged for 28 months in a mixture of French and American oak. Stephen Brook: Powerful blackcurrant nose, with slightly charred oak. Very rich without being jammy, it packs a punch. An assertive and very youthful style, but good acidity and tannins mean this should go the distance. Alex Hunt MW: A bit Port-like on the nose to begin with, but there is good depth and the brightness increases in the glass. The palate is succulent, appealing, and has potential to age. Very good. Stefan Neumann MS: Intense, youthful and fruit-forward nose. This is softly structured but with a good level of tannins. Violets and rose petals lead up to a lengthy finish. Great purity and clarity here.
This shows hot stones, ash, undertones of citrus, slate and oyster shell. Lots of blue fruit on the palate with licorice character to define the full body, tight yet grippy tannins and fruity yet minerally finish. Drink in 2019.
Medium to deep garnet-purple colored, the 2014 Cabernet Sauvignon Napa Valley—blended of 78.2% Cabernet Sauvignon, 8% Merlot, 6% Petit Verdot, 5.6% Malbec and 2.2% Cabernet Franc—has a compelling perfume of dried roses, fragrant herbs and dusty earth over a core of crushed plums and blackberries with a waft of tobacco. Medium-bodied, lively and expressive in the mouth, it has a pleasant pluminess accented by herb and earth notions, finishing long and chewy. 36,160 cases produced.


AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 19 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION.
(6) "Domestic violence" means the same as defined in § 1041 of Title 10, verified by an official document, such as a court order, or by a reliable third-party professional, including a law-enforcement agency or officer, a domestic violence or domestic abuse service provider, or health care provider.
(22) "sexual offense" means the same as defined in § 761 of Title 11, verified by an official document, such as a court order, or by a reliable third-party professional, including a law-enforcement agency or officer, a domestic violence or domestic abuse service provider, or health care provider.
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(2) It shall not be an unlawful employment practice for a school, college, university or other educational institution or institution of learning to hire and employ employees of a particular religion if such school, college, university or other educational institution or institution of learning is, in whole or in substantial part, owned, supported, controlled or managed by a particular religion or by a particular religious corporation, association or society or if the curriculum of such school, college, university or other educational institution or institution of learning is directed toward the propagation of a particular religion.


Join ambassador Jody Buchan for a journey into what makes Rock Rose one of the most intriguing liquids on the market. Both Rock Rose's master distiller and brand ambassador have backgrounds in chemical engineering. Martin using his skills to create the secret recipe and distil Rock Rose Gin, whilst Jody continually experiments with the flavours to create fabulous Rock Rose Gin cocktails. Discover Rock Rose 'Nitro Dragon's Breath Meringues', created by Mussel Men's chef Sean to explore our unique mix of botanicals. Over 18s only.


Just heard - passed PEV and BTC!!!....I'm off out tonight.
Me too. I've always had mine by now. Perhaps mine isn't coming today.
Ditto to both. I'm so pleased!
The first letter of my surname is D so omne of the first I expect.
Have to get on to college for revision lessons. Was only going to sit one and leave the other till June. Wish I had now!! Oh well!!
Think i'm one of the last to get mine. I can't believe it. I would have been happy passing 2!
Im getting annoyed now, my surname begins with A, i still haven't had my results.....im preying i've passed.
Well done Ma1thew. That is a serious achievement!
Has anyone with a hotmail account had there results?
well done ma1thew - that is some serious going.
theres proof that it can be done!!!
Im still waiting im on hotmail but last time received them bout 6.10.
Just DFS im waiting for.
ive got a hotmail account and got mine about an hour ago, passed PTC my final exam weyhey sooooo pleased.
I had a hotmail account and have got mine.
I've still got some sims to do from intermediate, but at least no more exams.
Just shows, if you revised it will pay off in the end. Even if you get unlucky today, just keep going!


supports our customers every day.
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'Let's Play' on CBeebies has one of those theme tunes that will sometimes pop into your head when you're doing things like, ooh, I dunno, giving a presentation to a brand's CEO (true story).
But Sid and Rebecca are my son's latest TV loves and I do find him re-enacting whatever they pretended to be HOURS later.
So I want to encourage the imaginative play – but with the weather so cold at the moment, it is hard to keep thinking of new things to do inside that don't involve making a massive mess or watching TV all day.
With a bit of creativity on your behalf, this isn't that hard to do – especially if you didn't want to paint a dresser.
Source cheap storage boxes and print off your own signs and voila, you have yourselves a shop.
These other images are really inspiring too – let's play!


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text:
Bride-to-be Katherine Jenkins debuts sparkling diamond engagement ring
April 24, 2014 - 11:57 BST hellomagazine.com Katherine Jenkins debuts sparkling diamond engagement ring days after engagement news
Just days after announcing her engagement to American film director Andrew Levitas, Katherine Jenkins has debuted the sparkling diamond engagement ring that sealed the deal.
The mezzo-soprano singer showed off the sparkler when she stepped out for the first time since the happy revelation, going for daytime casual in fitted jeans, a white blouse and a baby pink jacket. Her loose brunette locks and a pair of beige heels finished the chic look.
Katherine and Andrew at Buckingham Palace
Speaking on her mobile phone at the time, she gave the world a clear glimpse of the dazzler, which features a large oval stone surrounded by 54 small diamonds.
Katherine, 33, accepted her boyfriend's proposal last Tuesday following a whirlwind six-month romance.
The stylish Welsh opera singer said she was "thrilled" and "surprised" by the proposal.
Katherine and Andrew have kept their relationship out of the spotlight and the singer was only confirmed as Katherine's boyfriend in March when she was awarded her OBE from Prince Charles.
The couple during a date in Soho, London
Andrew was firmly by her side as she stepped out at Buckingham Palace to receive the prestigious accolade from the first-in-line to the throne.
In pictures: Katherine Jenkins' best style moments
Katherine's friends have said Andrew proposed on 17 April, but the couple waited until all their family members had been told before breaking the news officially.
Andrew works as a professor at New York University, where he graduated in 2000, and is also an accomplished sculptor, artist and filmmaker.
celebrity engagements
More about katherine jenkins
Katherine Jenkins announces her engagement

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Rhytidocaulon baricum är en oleanderväxtart som beskrevs av Mats Thulin. Rhytidocaulon baricum ingår i släktet Rhytidocaulon och familjen oleanderväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Oleanderväxter
baricum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Endnotes: Priced Out (Tsung-Mei Cheng)
Health care in America is expensive, but it doesn't have to be, according to the late Uwe Reinhardt, a leader in health care policy. Reinhardt…
WWS Reacts: Restricting Abortions Across America
Reproductive rights are now front and center in the 2020 campaign, as a number of states recently have tried to restrict or regulate abortions in…
Q&A: Priced Out: The Economic and Ethical Costs of American Health Care
Health care in America is expensive, but it doesn't have to be, according to the late Uwe Reinhardt, former James Madison Professor of Political…
Currie Wins NOMIS Foundation's Distinguished Scientist and Scholar Award
Princeton University's Janet Currie is winner of the NOMIS Foundation's Distinguished Scientist and Scholar Award, which comes with a research grant…
"Impassioned Debate" Results in Noteworthy Journal
While producing the annual Journal of Public and International Affairs (JPIA) is no small task, a review of this year's 26th edition clearly reveals…
Nancy Duff Campbell: A Path to Public Service
Nancy Duff Campbell is the founder and co-president of the National Women's Law Center. This fall, she visited the Woodrow Wilson School in October…
Currie Wins Carolyn Shaw Bell Award
Janet M.
WWS Reacts: Is Gun Violence an American 'Epidemic'?
Two shooters opened fire at a party in San Bernadino, Calif., last week, killing 14 people and injuring 21, the latest in a series of mass shootings…
Princeton-Fung Global Forum Identifies Approaches for Dealing with 'Modern Plagues'
On the verdant campus of University College Dublin, nearly 300 public health experts and practitioners, government officials, scholars and students…
An Anthropological View of the Ebola Outbreak
More than 150 people gathered in Robertson Hall in early October for a panel discussion and reception by four social scientists who examined…
Tilghman Joins National Panel Examining Future of Higher Education
Shirley M. Tilghman, president of Princeton University, emeritus, and professor of molecular biology and public affairs, has been named to a national…
Fung Forum on 'Modern Plagues' Kicks Off in Dublin
On day two of the 2015 Princeton-Fung Global Forum, Tuesday, Nov.
Quiet 'Epidemic' Has Killed Half a Million Middle-Aged White Americans
Despite advances in health care and quality of life, white middle-aged Americans have seen overall mortality rates increase over the past 15 years,…
What to Expect from Open Enrollment 2015-2016
November 1 marks the start of the third annual Open Enrollment period for health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. Eligible Americans can shop…
Rogerson Wins R.K. Cho Economics Prize
Richard Rogerson, the Charles and Marie Robertson Professor of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of…


text:
/***Generated Resource **/

var resource = require('resource');
var CityHall = resource.define('CityHall');

CityHall.schema.description = "A city hall.";
CityHall.persist('fs');

CityHall.property('additionalType', {
  "name" : "additionalType",
  "displayName" : "Additional Type",
  "description" : "An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('description', {
  "name" : "description",
  "displayName" : "Description",
  "description" : "A short description of the item.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('image', {
  "name" : "image",
  "displayName" : "Image",
  "description" : "URL of an image of the item.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('name', {
  "name" : "name",
  "displayName" : "Name",
  "description" : "The name of the item.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('sameAs', {
  "name" : "sameAs",
  "displayName" : "Same as",
  "description" : "URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Freebase page, or official website.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('url', {
  "name" : "url",
  "displayName" : "Url",
  "description" : "URL of the item.",
"type":  "string"
});

exports.CityHall = CityHall;

CityHall.property('address', {
  "name" : "address",
  "displayName" : "Address",
  "description" : "Physical address of the item.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"PostalAddress" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('aggregateRating', {
  "name" : "aggregateRating",
  "displayName" : "Aggregate Rating",
  "description" : "The overall rating, based on a collection of reviews or ratings, of the item.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"AggregateRating" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('containedIn', {
  "name" : "containedIn",
  "displayName" : "Contained in",
  "description" : "The basic containment relation between places.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"Place" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('event', {
  "name" : "event",
  "displayName" : "Event",
  "description" : "Upcoming or past event associated with this place or organization.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"Event" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('events', {
  "name" : "events",
  "displayName" : "Events",
  "description" : "Upcoming or past events associated with this place or organization (legacy spelling; see singular form, event).",
"type":"object","properties" : {"Event" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('faxNumber', {
  "name" : "faxNumber",
  "displayName" : "Fax Number",
  "description" : "The fax number.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('geo', {
  "name" : "geo",
  "displayName" : "Geo",
  "description" : "The geo coordinates of the place.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"GeoCoordinates" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}},"GeoShape" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('globalLocationNumber', {
  "name" : "globalLocationNumber",
  "displayName" : "Global Locationnumber",
  "description" : "The Global Location Number (GLN, sometimes also referred to as International Location Number or ILN) of the respective organization, person, or place. The GLN is a 13-digit number used to identify parties and physical locations.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('interactionCount', {
  "name" : "interactionCount",
  "displayName" : "Interaction Count",
  "description" : "A count of a specific user interactions with this item—for example, 20 UserLikes, 5 UserComments, or 300 UserDownloads. The user interaction type should be one of the sub types of UserInteraction.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('isicV4', {
  "name" : "isicV4",
  "displayName" : "Isic v4",
  "description" : "The International Standard of Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4 code for a particular organization, business person, or place.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('logo', {
  "name" : "logo",
  "displayName" : "Logo",
  "description" : "URL of an image for the logo of the item.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"ImageObject" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('map', {
  "name" : "map",
  "displayName" : "Map",
  "description" : "A URL to a map of the place.",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('maps', {
  "name" : "maps",
  "displayName" : "Maps",
  "description" : "A URL to a map of the place (legacy spelling; see singular form, map).",
"type":  "string"
});

CityHall.property('openingHoursSpecification', {
  "name" : "openingHoursSpecification",
  "displayName" : "Opening Hoursspecification",
  "description" : "The opening hours of a certain place.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"OpeningHoursSpecification" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('photo', {
  "name" : "photo",
  "displayName" : "Photo",
  "description" : "A photograph of this place.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"ImageObject" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}},"Photograph" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('photos', {
  "name" : "photos",
  "displayName" : "Photos",
  "description" : "Photographs of this place (legacy spelling; see singular form, photo).",
"type":"object","properties" : {"ImageObject" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}},"Photograph" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('review', {
  "name" : "review",
  "displayName" : "Review",
  "description" : "A review of the item.",
"type":"object","properties" : {"Review" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('reviews', {
  "name" : "reviews",
  "displayName" : "Reviews",
  "description" : "Review of the item (legacy spelling; see singular form, review).",
"type":"object","properties" : {"Review" :    {"type" :"object",   "properties" : {                    "id" : { "type" : "array" }}}}
});

CityHall.property('telephone', {
  "name" : "telephone",
  "displayName" : "Telephone",
  "description" : "The telephone number.",
"type":  "string"
});

exports.CityHall = CityHall;

CityHall.property('openingHours', {
  "name" : "openingHours",
  "displayName" : "Opening Hours",
  "description" : "The opening hours for a business. Opening hours can be specified as a weekly time range, starting with days, then times per day. Multiple days can be listed with commas ',' separating each day. Day or time ranges are specified using a hyphen '-'.- Days are specified using the following two-letter combinations: Mo, Tu, We, Th, Fr, Sa, Su.- Times are specified using 24:00 time. For example, 3pm is specified as 15:00. - Here is an example: Tuesdays and Thursdays 4-8pm. - If a business is open 7 days a week, then it can be specified as Monday through Sunday, all day.",
"type":  "string"
});

exports.CityHall = CityHall;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Don't let plumbing problems disrupt your life. Contact us today to discuss all your residential and commercial plumbing needs with one of our friendly professionals. Whether you require a major plumbing installation or a leaking faucet repaired, our experienced plumbers are ready to assist you.
To find out more about our residential and commercial water heater services, call Jerry Collier Plumbing now. We proudly serve the communities of Alvin, TX, and the Surrounding 30-Mile Radius, Including Harris County, Brazoria County, Galveston County, Fort Bend County, Houston, Pasadena, Sugar Land, Pearland, Angleton, Santa Fe, Friendswood, Alvin, Missouri City, League City, Webster, La Marque, Rosenberg, Seabrook, Bacliff, Stafford, Kemah, Manvel, Dickinson, Hitchcock, Fresno, Texas City, and Richmond.


text:
Sections 263 and 264 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936: a privacy perspective and review of overseas experience
MCSWEENEY Peter-thesis_nosignature.pdf (1MB) | Preview
McSweeney, Peter (1993) Sections 263 and 264 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936: a privacy perspective and review of overseas experience. Coursework Master thesis, Victoria University of Technology.
The study examines the powers of the Commissioner of Taxation to enter and search premises, and gather information under ss. 263 and 264 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth). A critical assessment is made of ss. 263 and 264 with reference to (i) Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), (ii) the recommendations of the Australian Law Reform Commission Privacy Report 1983 and (iii) relevant overseas experience. An important issue for discussion is the lack of judicial authorisation over the Commissioner of Taxation's powers of entry and search of premises. An aim of the study is to recommend appropriate reforms for ss. 263 and 264. The study also assesses the potential impact of the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) on the operation of ss. 263 and 264.
Master of Business in Accounting and Finance
Item type Thesis (Coursework Master thesis)
Subjects Historical > Faculty/School/Research Centre/Department > School of Accounting
Historical > FOR Classification > 1801 Law
Keywords Australia, Income Tax Assessment Act 1936, Income tax, Law and legislation, Australia, Privacy


text:
Sarcocornia quinqueflora, es una especie de planta suculenta halófila arbustiva costera. Se produce en las zonas costeras más húmedas de Australia y Nueva Zelanda.

Descripción

Crece como una planta perenne erecta que alcanza un tamaño de hasta 50 centímetros de altura.

Distribución y hábitat

Se encuentra en el suroeste y el sureste de Australia, y también en algunas zonas de la  Llanura de Nullarbor, y parte de la costa este de la Península del Cabo York. En Nueva Zelanda se ha encontrado sobre todo en la costa en de la Isla del Norte. En la Isla Sur está muy extendida en la costa este, pero no se encuentra en la costa oeste. También se puede encontrar en España, más concretamente en la Albufera de Valencia

Taxonomía
Sarcocornia quinqueflora fue descrito por (Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.) A.J.Scott y publicado en Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 75: 368. 1977.
Etimología
Sarcocornia: significa, literalmente, "cuernos carnosos".

quinqueflora: epíteto latino que significa "con cinco hojas".
Subespecies
S. quinqueflora subsp. quinqueflora
S. quinqueflora subsp. tasmanica
Sinonimia
 Arthrocnemum heptiflorum Moss
 Salicornia australis Sol. ex F. Muell.
 Salicornia australis Sol. ex Benth.
 Salicornia quinqueflora Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. basónimo

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Online Field guide to Common Saltmarsh Plants of Queensland
 en APNI

quinqueflora
Plantas halófitas


text:
Orange unveils call pilferage application
Oracle updates JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
Uncategorised Back to Home
Q&A: Sybase365's Diarmiud Mallon – mobile to kill-off cash payments
- Allan Swann
Mobile payments are expected to send cash and paper invoicing the way of the dinosaur, but perhaps not in all the ways the industry expects.
While banks have proven to be less than enthusiastic when it comes to retail banking over mobile, the small to medium business sector has a lot to gain from mobile payment technologies, says Diarmuid Mallon, Head of Product Marketing, mCommerce, at Sybase 365.
Sybase365's Diarmuid Mallon
Corner stores and 'mom and pop' retailers have the most to gain from these advances, both here and in emerging countries. The massive increase in mobile phone and smartphone usage means that potentially every consumer as the ability to perform business to business (B2B), consumer-to-consumer (C2B) and business to consumer payments (B2C).
The public sector is even starting to go further and we will soon be seeing more of governmental organisations and payment-to-citizen (G2C) operations – such as payment of council tax and licensing via mobile.
As well as the convenience factor of mobile, it also adds security for shop owners and delivery drivers (less cash changing hands lessens the chance of robbery) and automatic digital invoicing, such as fees appearing on phone bills, reduces amount of paperwork floating around.
At the most basic level, SMS transactions accepting/requesting payments or ordering stock via SMS or mobile browsers have been around for some time now, but more sophisticated smartphone app and NFC systems are in development.
Much of Sybase365's mobile business models grew out of its development of the Paybox mobile payment platform in Austria 12 years ago. It remains the country's leading payment system, and is accepted at over 5,000 points. 300,000 subscribers pay via direct debit, and more than 2 million paying via mobile phone bills. It also acts as a distributor for electronic top-up services for operators including T-Mobile, Telering and Hutchinson 3.
Most recently the company was selected by Telefonica (O2) to develop its mobile wallet, which will be rolled out to 26 countries worldwide. It is expected this will include the UK under O2, but Mallon would not be drawn to confirm this.
"It will go live in a number of countries this year, but they haven't announced where yet. So I can't be the one to steal their thunder I'm afraid," he said.
The core proposition of this global venture is interoperability.
"They realised very quickly that if you have a wallet that doesn't talk to anyone else's wallet, it will struggle to take off," he said.
Most countries have fractured market share amongst banking and mobile operators. Safaricom in Kenya, which holds an 80% market share, could go their own way if they desired, but for the majority of markets it's not feasible to force your own standard.
It's not even particularly logical. Mobile and virtual payment systems need to work around the world, in a variety of situations, utilising a variety of different technologies.
"In North America, NFC may be fine. But in Latin America your merchant may literally be a guy standing at the traffic lights with a trolley," he said.
Ten years ago when Sybase first started developing their mobile payment systems, there were no mobile wallets, NFC or virtual payments. Mallon emphasizes that payments, of themselves, were channel agnostic then, and they remain so now. Any company 'locking' themselves into a closed set of standards is foolish.
"A channel just triggers a payment. However, what you do need to do, depending on the channel, is apply different business logic in terms of security."
So while payments coming through NFC or a smartphone app have potentially already been through a host of verification measures, text and mobile browser payments have had almost no scrutiny or authentication.
This means that the software conducting the business needs to adjust itself accordingly, whether its risk management via limits to withdrawals, or identity verification.
Even in countries where NFC and other fully virtual payments eventually take place, SMS still has its uses. Paybox's SMS car parking system still accounts for 16% of car parking payments in Vienna – simply because it's faster.
"And of course NFC only tackles proximity payments, which is at most only half the use cases."
The limited deployment of devices that have NFC capability – be it mobiles or point-of-sale – mean that it cannot be considered to be a sensible focus.
"NFC gives a wonderful user experience, the problem is it's not very good for producing a business model that makes money. NFC penetration is never going to be 100%, and for a long time its rarely going to even reach 50%," said Mallon.
PayPal is one company that has backtracked on its support for NFC, dropping the development of its NFC mobile point-of-sale plans. Noises from its execs suggest that they now believe NFC to be dead-on-arrival – that is, by the time it has mainstream acceptance users will already have all their information in the cloud and find the idea of physical commerce silly. Mallon believes its foolish to disregard any channel.
"As a mainstream technology [NFC] still at least two years off. You can sit and wait for it, but for most businesses that's not really an option. For the vast majority of mobile payment solutions out there today, they are running very well without NFC," he said.
Some evolving test cases:
B2B: Sending it (Cash On Delivery) COD: Delivery drivers exchange goods for cash making them a prime target for robbery. The merchant is also at risk here as they must keep cash in the store. Mobile payments could eliminate this threat and no cash would have to change hands.
C2B: Travelling to Pay the Bills: People in developing countries face a number of payment challenges. Unbanked consumers have few options when it comes to paying bills for services like water and electricity. The ability to send and receive mobile payments could give consumers a quick and secure way to pay utility companies and merchants as well as receiving pay checks.
C2C: Disbursement: Mobile payments for charity donations hit the mainstream in 2010 with the Haiti earthquake. Cash was difficult to distribute to Haiti's largely unbanked population of suppliers and those displaced. In 2010 85% of Haiti's households had access to a mobile phone. With this type of penetration the mobile channel is unsurprisingly a good fit and which is why NGOs are increasingly looking to use mobile payments as a safe, affordable and faster alternative to cash.
CBRs feature story on Mobile Banking 'Crash, Bang, Wallop'
A chat with Fiserv's Serge Van Dam, another leading provider of mobile payment solutions.
Contact the author: @allanswann
Previous ArticleOrange unveils call pilferage application
Next ArticleOracle updates JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
CBR Staff Writer CBR Staff Writer 17th January 2020
Why is Visa Forking Out a Cool $5.3 Billion for Payments Firm Plaid?
Intel Touts World-First "Cryogenic Control Chip" – Here's Why that Matters


code. Any one figure out what I'm doing wrong?
[catch] "Loads XML as a Rebol compatible block of values."
XML [string! file!] "The XML string or file."
] "</" (Name: pop Stack) Name WS? #">"
"Inserts a value into a series and returns the series head."
Stack [series! port! bitset!] "Series at point to insert."
Value [any-type!] /Only "The value to insert."
"Returns the first value in a series and removes it from the series."
Stack [series! port! bitset!] "Series at point to pop from."


text:
Well if you can have a Lotus motorcycle…
…Then it's only fair to let KTM make a racing car
By Visordown News
Wed, 11 Feb 2015
KTM has been quietly turning out it's odd little X-BOW sports car for a few years now but it's about to release its first hard-top sports racing car in the form of the X-BOW GT4.
At around £103,000 it's not likely to be the sort of thing that you see on a regular basis, and from the look of it, it's only intended to ever be used on the track.
Here's the release from KTM:
KTM X-BOW GTR starts from April at €139,000!
The joint racing project of Reiter Engineering GmbH & Co KG and the KTM Sportcar GmbH is taking on ever more concrete forms. The first roll-out of the new vehicle is set for February, in March will see the SRO "Balance of Performance" test, and in spring the GT4 racing car will be available for the numerous customer teams that have expressed an interest. As of now, both the name and the price have been fixed: The KTM X-BOW GTR will be available from April at €139,000.
Reiter Engineering owner Hans Reiter is convinced that after many weeks of intensive work that the KTM X-BOW GTR will be ready in time for the "BOP" of the SRO, and indeed "READY TO RACE": "First of all I have to compliment all those who have been involved at KISKA, at KTM Technologies and the KTM Sportcar GmbH who have all worked without a break, just as my own people have really done a perfect job in the shortest possible time. We are now in the end phase and if we can keep almost exactly to our self imposed, extremely tight schedule, it is looking good. In keeping with this program, the first tests are planned in mid to late February."
Now that the various development processes are completed and most of the production processes have begun for the many special parts, Hans Reiter is now able to communicate the price of the KTM X-BOW GTR: "At €139,000 we have managed to offer an attractive price for the most modern and safe GT4 racing car on the market. The GTR features the most advanced racing technology, which is normally only the case in higher categories. And in matters of safety, the monocoque technology offers the most unique protection ever in this class up to this point in time. In addition, thanks to the special construction of our latest racing car, the 'running costs' are kept within encouraging limits."
As with all KTM vehicles, Austrian design studio KISKA was responsible for the design development of the KTM X-BOW GTR. The studio also played a key role in designating the new KTM X-BOW as a "GTR"; a class of vehicle with a rich motorsports heritage that possesses much cachet amongst automotive enthusiasts. By creating the X-BOW GTR, KTM is also taking an important next step in the ongoing evolution of the KTM X-BOW. The brand launched the X-BOW in 2008 and the KTM X-BOW GT, which features a wraparound windshield, in 2013. The addition of a third iteration of the KTM X-BOW, one that is fully covered and "READY TO RACE" is the next logical step in the vehicle's development.
Sign up for Visordown's weekly newsletter, Bugsplat, to get the best motorcycle news, road tests and features plus exclusive competitions and offers direct to your inbox. Register as a Visordown member here and tick the box for Bugsplat in your newsletter settings here.
ktm cars
ktm gt4
ktm trackday car
trackday vehicles
KTM: 500cc and 800cc twins in development


text:
David Gilmour guitar exhibition opens in London (including THAT Black Stratocaster)
The Gilmour Black Strat · Source: Christies
As we reported back in January, David Gilmour has decided to auction off many of his guitars at Christie's, with the proceeds going to charity. Before the sale, the Pink Floyd guitarist has arranged for his instruments to be exhibited to the public at Christie's London.
David Gilmour Guitar Collection
The auction includes over 120 instruments from his personal guitar collection available, many of them used on Pink Floyd albums and performances. Some were used to record famous songs like "Wish You Were Here", "Money" and "Another Brick In The Wall". This is probably one of the most important guitar auctions for many years, and will take place in New York on 20 June 2019.
Mr Gilmour stated:
Many of the guitars in this sale are guitars that have given me a tune, so a lot of them have earned their keep, you might say. These guitars, they've given so much to me, it's time for them to move on to other people who hopefully will find joy and perhaps create something new.
David Gilmour Black Strat
The most recognisable of the guitars being sold is probably Gilmour's famous Black Strat, a 1969 Stratocaster, that he purchased at Manny's in New York in 1970. But it includes many other great guitars he has used, too.
The collection will be exhibited in London until 31 March, and highlights from the exhibition will also be exhibited in Los Angeles. If you can't make it down to see these guitars, you can take the 3D virtual tour here. The exhibition his free to enter, but you need to book a time on the Christie's website. This could be one of the biggest guitar highlights of 2019, especially for many fans of Pink Floyd and Mr Gilmour.
Incredible to think these are the very guitars that we've heard on all those classic recordings all in one place – and probably for the last time before they go off to new owners all over the world!
Christie's David Gilmour Page
30 Mar by Jef
News GTR Fender Gibson Gretsch Martin Black Strat Christie's Auction House David Gilmour Pink Floyd Stratocaster Video Wish You Were Here YouTube
David Gilmour is selling his Black Strat
The David Gilmour Collection: See all 120 guitars in NY or via Christie's Virtual Tour
David Gilmour's Black Strat sells for $3,975,000, a World Record!
Give your Fender Stratocaster the 'Gilmour' mod with 7-way switching!
When will the New York viewing be available for booking?


text:
New Zealand local council won't stop harmful discharge
Palmerston North City Council claims
it has "no choice" but to continue pumping harmful wastewater which is killing off aquatic life into the Manawatu River. Horizons Regional Council served an abatement notice on its city counterpart earlier this month, requiring it to cease any discharge from its sewage treatment plant that was harming the river. The city council has breached its consent 11 times since 2003, according to Horizons. Its data shows a "significant reduction" in the river's insect life downstream of the plant, as well as increased algae growth, which is reducing the spawning habitats of native fish.
While on legal issues,
five states asked the U.S. Supreme Court on Wednesday to hear their plea for quicker federal action to prevent Asian carp and other invasive species from moving between the Great Lakes and Mississippi river watersheds. Large, voracious bighead and silver carp have infested the Mississippi and tributary rivers that are connected by other waterways to Lake Michigan in the Chicago area. If they become established in the lakes, some experts say the Asian invaders could gobble enough plankton to destabilize the food web and damage the region's $7 billion fishing industry.
The five states are suing the Army Corps and Chicago municipal water district in federal district court over their operation of the waterways. The case has not come to trial. In the meantime, the states requested a court order for interim measures including a faster timetable for the study and installation of block nets in the Little Calumet and Grand Calumet rivers, both of which are linked to the Mississippi drainage basin and flow into Lake Michigan.
Down in Australia,
authorities are warning that blue-green algae has returned to Lake Eppalock. The dam, east of Bendigo, was contaminated for many months before winter and Goulburn-Murray Water (GMW) says it is again detecting high-level blooms similar to those of last summer.
The Texas Department of State Health Services announced today that
oyster harvesting in all Texas coastal waters is closed due to red tide, an algal bloom of Karenia brevis.
Red tide has been detected along the Texas coastline from Brownsville to Galveston. As a result, all Texas coastal waters are closed to the commercial and recreational harvesting of oysters, clams and mussels until further notice. Normally, the public can harvest oysters from Nov. 1 through April 30.
The Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control's Division of Fish and Wildlife, in cooperation with the Kent Conservation District,
started construction last week on five forested wetland restoration projects on four state wildlife areas in Kent County. The projects include two areas at Blackiston Wildlife Area near Kenton, and one each at the Little Creek Wildlife Area east of Dover, the Fortney-Urban Tracts between Hartly and Marydel, and the Norman G. Wilder Wildlife Area near Viola.
Funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant Program and the Delmarva Chapter of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, the projects will restore previously drained and degraded forested wetlands to functional forested wetlands with the placement of water control structures in drainage ditches. Kent Conservation District staff members engineered the projects and are installing water control structures for the five projects, which encompass a total of about eight acres.


text:
Q: python reshape with new size [matlab like] I am working to translate matlab code to python code.
I want to implement reshape like matlab.
the matlab code is:
reshape(array,size1,[])

I want to reshape 2D shape with one input size. How can I implement it in python?

A: To expand on Ali's answer, you can use -1 in place of any dimension to calculate it's size. For example:
array = np.random.randint(1,100,100)
array_reshaped = array.reshape(2, -1)

array_reshaped will be a 2 x 50 array.

A: You can use numpy to do most of the array operations you can do with matlab
import numpy as np
# create a random 1D array of size 100
array = np.random.randint(1,100,100)
# reshape the array to a 2D form
array = np.reshape(array, (2,50))
# reshape the array back to the 1D form
array = np.reshape(array, (100,))


text:
From morality to flexibility
Government pushing on the fiscal accelerator
Perhaps the UPA government has become extremely confident of its victory in the upcoming general elections. Because then it will be able to privatise a few government assets and in one fell swoop, bring the ever so ballooning fiscal deficit under control. There is hardly any other rationale to indulge in another round of fiscal stimulus as it did yesterday, even as global rating agency S&P lowered its outlook on India. Fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP, a measure of how much more the government spends than it earns, is already expected to touch 6% and with the latest tax cuts thrown in, it may rise further to 6.5%. And this is without considering the off-balance sheet liabilities like oil and fertilizer bonds.
Contrast this with the target of 2.5% and the magnitude of the fiscal profligacy becomes evident. Little wonder, S&P has lowered Indian sovereign ratings to the lowest grade in the investment grade category. In fact, it has even threatened to push the ratings into the 'junk' category if the fiscal situation continues to worsen. The government on its part has claimed that it anticipates economic scenario to worsen further and hence, had to indulge in another round of fiscal stimulus. It took advantage of the 'flexibility' that the constitution provides to incumbent governments to take policy actions even in an election year. Contrast this to the blahs-blahs of 'propriety' (or morality) from the Finance Minister during his interim budget announcement as he did not announce any such economic booster.
China's attempt at boosting its auto industry
While India cannot escape a rap on the knuckles with fiscal stimuli of the order of a few percentage of GDP, China has unleashed spending of more than 25% of its GDP and not even few eyebrows are being raised. This is because unlike India, China runs a huge fiscal as well as current account surplus, giving it enough room to loosen its purse strings. And it is doing just that. As per Bloomberg, the dragon nation has drawn up a plan to strengthen its domestic auto industry and turn few of its home grown brands into world beaters.
Although car demand in the world's most populous nation has fallen for five of the past six months, abolition of some road taxes and other measure have helped contain the fall, and even enabling it to surpass US as the world's biggest auto market last month. However, the country's auto companies continue to remain 'cheap assemblers' for world's biggest auto companies like GM and Toyota, a scenario it is hoping to change. It attempts to do so by bringing in consolidation in its auto industry and build 2-3 automakers with annual sales of more than 2 m vehicles by 2011. It wants another four or five with sales above 1 m by the same point.


text:
Wisconsin DNR calls on EPA to strengthen lead and copper pipe regulations
October 11, 2019 10:51 pm Michelle Alfini Uncategorized
MADISON (WKOW) — After the Environmental Protection Agency presented its new plan to keep lead out of drinking water, the Wisconsin DNR responded, saying the proposal is not enough.
According to EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler, it was time for an upgrade. The EPA's lead and copper standards haven't changed since 1991 so on Thursday he came to Green Bay to announce the EPA's new proposed nationwide efforts.
"First it would require water systems to act sooner to reduce lead levels," he said. "Second it would improve transparency and communication with the public and third it would better protect children and the most at risk communities."
To target those at-risk communities, Wheeler said the EPA is planning to prioritize testing in schools and childcare facilities.
"We want to make sure the parents of those children know what the lead content of the water is where they send their children every day," he said.
The new rules would also set a trigger level at 10 parts per billion of lead in the water, far lower than the current action level of 15 parts per billion. If a utility finds lead at levels higher than that standard, it would trigger efforts for continued testing or prompt the utility to work with state officials to replace outdated lead pipes.
Still, the DNR said it's not enough.
DNR Secretary-designee Preston Cole said in a statement that drinking water won't be safe until they can remove all of the state's lead pipes.
"There are hundreds of thousands of lead lines that need to be replaced in more than 130 cities, towns and villages across Wisconsin," he said.
Some communities are further along than others.
Madison removed all of its lead pipes during a lengthy effort from 2001 to 2011. Green Bay plans to finish replacing all of its lead pipes by the end of 2020.
Other communities still need help.
Earlier this year, Stoughton Utilities found lead in six homes and in 2018, Janesville found elevated levels of lead in six of its eight elementary schools. Officials dealt with those issues but the DNR said the only way to ensure they don't happen again is to get rid of the source.
"In order to remove lead service lines quickly from our communities, we will need more funding," Cole said. "There is no safe level of lead."
The EPA's public comment period on its proposed lead rules lasts for another two months so the Wisconsin DNR plans to write a formal request calling on the federal agency to do more.
"We had hoped the EPA would have set clear timelines for lead service line replacement," said Steve Elmore, the DNR's Drinking Water and Groundwater Program Director.
Until the DNR sees that timeline and the appropriate assistance to help communities pull it off, the organization said it can't fully support the proposed changes.
Michelle Alfini
Reporter, WKOW
River Flood Warning is in effect


text:
module Azure::MediaServices::Mgmt::V2018_03_30_preview
  module Models
    #
    # Base class for output.
    #
    class Format

      include MsRestAzure

      @@discriminatorMap = Hash.new
      @@discriminatorMap["#Microsoft.Media.ImageFormat"] = "ImageFormat"
      @@discriminatorMap["#Microsoft.Media.JpgFormat"] = "JpgFormat"
      @@discriminatorMap["#Microsoft.Media.PngFormat"] = "PngFormat"
      @@discriminatorMap["#Microsoft.Media.MultiBitrateFormat"] = "MultiBitrateFormat"
      @@discriminatorMap["#Microsoft.Media.Mp4Format"] = "Mp4Format"
      @@discriminatorMap["#Microsoft.Media.TransportStreamFormat"] = "TransportStreamFormat"

      def initialize
        @odatatype = "Format"
      end

      attr_accessor :odatatype

      # @return [String] The pattern of the file names for the generated output
      # files. The following macros are supported in the file name: {Basename}
      # - The base name of the input video {Extension} - The appropriate
      # extension for this format. {Label} - The label assigned to the
      # codec/layer. {Index} - A unique index for thumbnails. Only applicable
      # to thumbnails. {Bitrate} - The audio/video bitrate. Not applicable to
      # thumbnails. {Codec} - The type of the audio/video codec. Any
      # unsubstituted macros will be collapsed and removed from the filename.
      attr_accessor :filename_pattern

      #
      # Mapper for Format class as Ruby Hash.
      # This will be used for serialization/deserialization.
      #
      def self.mapper()
        {
          client_side_validation: true,
          required: false,
          serialized_name: 'Format',
          type: {
            name: 'Composite',
            polymorphic_discriminator: '@odata.type',
            uber_parent: 'Format',
            class_name: 'Format',
            model_properties: {
              filename_pattern: {
                client_side_validation: true,
                required: false,
                serialized_name: 'filenamePattern',
                type: {
                  name: 'String'
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      end
    end
  end
end


text:
Q: Migration to Spring 6 I am trying to migrate to Spring 6 and I am getting stuck with following error:
Class org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider does not implement the requested interface jakarta.persistence.spi.PersistenceProvider
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:376) ~[spring-orm-6.0.2.jar:6.0.2]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:409) ~[spring-orm-6.0.2.jar:6.0.2]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:396) ~[spring-orm-6.0.2.jar:6.0.2]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:352) ~[spring-orm-6.0.2.jar:6.0.2]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1797) ~[spring-beans-6.0.2.jar:6.0.2]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1747) ~[spring-beans-6.0.2.jar:6.0.2]
    ... 58 more

I checked and SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider implements org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider which certainly implements jakarta.persistence.spi.PersistenceProvider.
I checked and there does not seem to be other versions on the classpath and also from the stacktrace you can see  ~[spring-orm-6.0.2.jar:6.0.2] which means the current version should be correctly used. Where can I search for the error?

A: This was caused by propagated dependency through c3p0:
implementation("org.hibernate:hibernate-core-jakarta:5.6.14.Final")
implementation("org.hibernate:hibernate-c3p0:5.6.14.Final") {
    // propagates unwanted hibernate-core module
    exclude(group = "org.hibernate", module = "hibernate-core")
}


text:
'Temporary closure' of trails: Coal operation's startup displaces Mercer portion of Hatfield-McCoy
By SAMANTHA PERRY and CHARLES BOOTHE
Bluefield Daily Telegraph
Several Mercer County officials were blindsided by the news of the trail closure Monday morning.
(Bluefield Daily Telegraph file photo)
BRAMWELL, W.Va. — The Windmill Gap portion of the popular Hatfield-McCoy Trail System in Mercer County is being shut down in six weeks due to the opening of a coal mining operation, officials told the Daily Telegraph Monday.
The Pocahontas Trail is a well-traversed section of the Hatfield-McCoy Trail that winds primarily through the western portion of Mercer County. Although the trailhead is located in Bramwell, much of the trail system is on Windmill Gap.
John Fekete, assistant director of the Hatfield-McCoy Trail System, called the shutdown a "temporary closure" of the trail system.
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text:
Comparative Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Study of the Liver in Three Species of Birds
Hani M. Hamodi, Ali A. Abed, Ameer M. Taha
Rafidain journal of science
2013, Volume 24, Issue 5E, Pages 12-23
The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical features and histological structures as well as some histochemical aspects of the liver of three species of birds that differ in their nutrition, habitat and classification, by using light microscope. The birds were Larus canus, Agaporins fischeri and Numida meleagris. The results showed that the liver of the three species of birds was a dense, large and bilobed organ, it differed in size, color, lobes shape and presence of secondary lobes among the three species. The liver tissue of the three species consisted of hepatocytes which were radially arranged around the central veins interconnecting laminae of one to two cell thickness. The hepatocytes differed in size among the three species. Lumen of sinusoids contained mainly erythrocytes, macrophages and lining by the Kupffer cells. Histochemically, the hepatic cells in the three species of birds were weakly positive to periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue reactions, while they were negative to bromophenol blue reaction and they were moderately positive to Sudan black B reaction.
Liver, Hepatocytes, Larus canus, Agaporins fischeri, Numida meleagris.
The article was added to IASJ on 2013-10-07
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text:
Photo: AFP, DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS
Latvia offers a home to BBC, British Council
march 21, 2018, 8:11
The Latvian Foreign Ministry has advised the British Council in Russia and the BBC's Russian Service that they would be very welcome if they want to set up shop in Latvia after being expelled from Russia, the LETA newswire reported March 20.
Latvia could provide a home to both organizations if the conflict between Russia and the United Kingdom becomes more aggravated than the current tit-for-tat expulsions of diplomats over attempted Russian assassinations in the United Kingdom, the ministry said.
The British Council is the United Kingdom's international body promoting British culture and education. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the UK's public broadcaster.
Stay up to date with current events in Latvia via LSM's Facebook and Twitter pages.
As reported, the relations between Moscow and London seriously deteriorated after poisoning of Sergei Skripal, a former double agent, and his daughter, Yulia, on March 4 in Salisbury, UK.
The UK is accusing Kremlin of using a prohibited chemical weapon in an assassination attempt on British soil. This month London expelled 23 Russian diplomats, and Russia responded by expelling 23 British diplomats and ordering the British Council in Russia to cease operations.
The UK has threatened to withdraw the operating licence of the RT (formerly Russia Today) news and propaganda channel, with the Kremlin saying any move to do so would result ina shutdown of al UK media outlets in Russia.
Riga already hosts a small bureau of the BBC's Russian service, plus numerous Russian journalists who refuse to toe the Kremlin's line.
On 19 March 2018, Foreign Minister Edgars Rinkēvičs took part in the meeting of the European Union (EU) Foreign Affairs Council in Brussels.
At a meeting of EU foreign ministers on March 19 in Brussels, Latvian Foreign Minister Edgars Rinkēvičs condemned in the strongest terms the use of chemical weapons in Salisbury, the United Kingdom, saying it was a serious violation of international norms and law.
Baltic foreign ministers issue statement on arrest of Alexey Navalny
Passenger traffic with the UK to be renewed January 2
Brexit main changes and practical issues outlined
Arrivals in Latvia might be required to have a negative COVID-19 test
European Parliament LGBTI group critical of move to define 'family' in Constitution
Latvia, China discuss political matters
Latvian government signals support for EU's 'Brexit' deal
Baltic states to discuss repatriation of vulnerable citizens from United Kingdom
Latvia to co-chair UN Science, Technology and Innovation Forum in 2021
No reason to lift restrictions yet, says PM Kariņš(2)


Why did they redo the cover to Firebird? I can see where the "Keira Knightley" joking comparisons come from now.
Timothy, it's a new cover for the first book. Currently Firebird is all three books in the series. This one will be for people who want to just purchase the first book.
Haha, I hadn't heard the Keira Knightly jokes, but yeah, kinda looks like her.