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(Previously published as Festival Management & Event Tourism)
Editor-in-Chief: Mike Duignan
ISSN: 1525-9951; E-ISSN: 1943-4308
Softbound
8 numbers per volume
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Event Management is the leading peer-reviewed international journal for the study and analysis of events and festivals, meeting the research and educational needs of this rapidly growing industry for more than 20 years.
Publish high-quality interdisciplinary event studies work and therefore promote a broad spectrum of theoretical perspectives from management and organizational studies to sociology and social science.
Encourage the study of all kinds of physical, digital, and hybrid events from small- to large-scale cultural and sporting events, festivals, meetings, conventions, exhibitions, to expositions, across a range of geographical and cultural contexts.
Actively support authors to take a critical perspective concerning the power and potential of events as a force for social, economic, and environmental good, while challenging where events can do better and make a positive contribution to society.
Promote bold, interesting, relevant research problems and questions. Examples include why events play a key role for individual and collective transformational experiences; how social movements like #BlackLivesMatter and #Metoo can be advanced by attaching to events like the Academy Awards; through to the way large-scale events are leveraged for urban regeneration and community development.
Believe research insights are integral to high-quality learning and teaching and we encourage all authors to transform manuscript into a set of Event Management branded PowerPoint slides for colleagues to integrate into research informed and hybrid teaching approaches. Where provided by authors, slides will feature alongside each published manuscript for ease. All subscribing organizations and authors will have access to this library of learning and teaching content.
We offer authors four routes to publication, with simple submission guideline (see "Submission guidelines" tab).
Research article – a traditional submission route of up to 10,000 words focused on contributing to theory.
Research note – a short note of up to 2,000 words focused on providing novel and/or innovative insights to contribute to our body of theory and/or empirical knowledge. These can also include debates and/or commentaries.
Event case study – a new route of up to 10,000 words providing in-depth empirical insights and application of existing theoretical ideas to a specific event or series of events.
Event education – a new route of up to 10,000 words providing in-depth insights into events-related education policy and/or practice for colleagues to support high-quality international learning and teaching experiences.
Event Management is governed by a high-quality editorial board consisting of international leading experts across a range of disciplines and fields, including events, tourism, sport, hospitality, to business studies (see "Editorial board" tab).
Our double-blind peer review process is rigorous and supportive.
STEP 1: All manuscripts submitted to Event Management will go through a rigorous screening process by either the Editor-in-Chief or Deputy Editors to be desk rejected or progressed to one of 40+ Associate Editors who handle the review process.
STEP 2: An Associate Editor reviews the manuscript and decides whether to progress or rejected. If progressed, 2-3 members of the Editorial Advisory Board or those with appropriate expertise are invited to review with an average 2-3 rounds of peer review. Authors have 8 weeks to revise and resubmit for each round of peer review.
STEP 3: Toward the end of peer review the Associate Editor recommends a final decision to the Editor-in-Chief or Deputy Editor who makes the final decision and provides final constructive feedback where appropriate.
STEP 4: Manuscripts accepted are swiftly uploaded to our "Fast Track" system with a DOI while our editorial assistants work with authors to deal with author queries before final manuscripts are made available. FINAL PUBLISHED ARTICLES WILL BE MADE OPEN ACCESS FOR 30 DAYS FOR FREE and actively promoted by our Social Media Editor who works with authors to create a short tweet and author video alongside free links to promote colleagues' work, across our Twitter and LinkedIn sites. (After the 30 days manuscripts will only be available to subscribers, unless the author has paid for the Open Access option.)
Mike Duignan, University of Surrey, UK
Head of Department and Reader in Events
Director, Observatory for Human Rights and Major Events (HaRM)
School of Hospitality and Tourism Management
m.duignan@surrey.ac.uk
surrey.ac.uk
Deputy Editors
Leonie Lockstone-Binney, Griffith University, Australia
David McGillivray, University West of Scotland, UK
Milena Parent, University of Ottowa, Canada
Emma Wood, Leeds Beckett, UK
Social Media Editor
Seth Kirby, Nottingham Trent University, UK
Special Advisors
Laurence Chalip, George Mason University, USA
Alan Fyall, University of Central Florida, USA
Leo Jago, University of Surrey, UK
Adele Ladkin, Bournemouth University, UK
Stephen Page, University of Hertfordshire, UK
Holger Preuss, University of Mainz, Germany
Richard Shipway, Bournemouth University, UK
Co-Founding Editors
Donald Getz, University of Calgary, Canada
Bruce Wicks, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Kayode Aleshinloye, University Central Florida, USA
Jane Ali-Knight, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
Charles Arcodia, Griffith University, Australia
Sandro Carnicelli, University of the West of Scotland, UK
Chris Chen, University of Canterbury, Australia
Willem Coetzee, University of Otago, NZ
Simon Darcy, University Technology Sydney, Australia
Kate Dashper, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Tracey Dickson, University of Canberra, Australia
Sally Everett, Kings College London, UK
Sheranne Fairley, University of Queensland, Australia
Kevin Filo, Griffith University, Australia
Rebecca Finkel, Queen Margaret University, UK
Tom Fletcher, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Chris Gaffney, New York University, USA
Sandra Goh, Auckland University of Technology, NZ
Kirsten Holmes, Curtin University, Australia
Xin Jin, Griffith University, Australia
Kiki Kaplanindou, University of Florida, USA
Donna Kelly, The University of Technology, Jamaica
James Kennell, University of Greenwich, UK
Zengxian (Jason) Liang, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
Eleni Michopoulou, University of Derby, UK
Laura Misener, Western University, Canada
Bri Newland, New York University, USA
Nikolaos Pappas, University of Sunderland, UK
Luke Potwarka, University of Waterloo, Canada
Greg Richards, Breda University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands
Martin Robertson, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
Debbie Sadd, Bournemouth University, UK
Martin Schnitzer, University of Innsbruck, Austria
Nancy Stevenson, University of Westminster, UK
Aaron Tkaczynski, University of Queensland, Australia
Louise Todd, Edinburgh Napier, UK
Oscar Vorobjovas-Pinta, Edith Cowan University, Australia
Karin Weber, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Nicholas Wise, Arizona State University, USA
Jinsheng (Jason) Zhu, Guilin Tourism University and Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Vassillios Ziakas, University of Surrey, UK
Emma Abson, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
John Armbrecht, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Jarrett Bachman, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Canada
Ken Backman*, Clemson University, USA
Sheila Backman, Clemson University, USA
Jina Hyejin Bang, Florida International University, USA
Rui Biscaia, University of Bath, UK
Charles Bladen, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
Glenn Bowdin, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Ian Brittain, Coventry University, UK
Federica Burini, University of Bergamo, Italy
Krzysztof Celuch, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
Jean-Loup Chappelet, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Ubaldino Couto, Macao Institute for Tourism Studies, China
Juliet Davis, Cardiff University, UK
Emma Delaney, University of Surrey, UK
Simon Down, University of Birmingham and Högskolan Kristianstad, UK
Colin Drake, Victoria University, Australia
Carmel Foley, University Technology Sydney, Australia
Alan Fyall, University Central Florida, USA
Susanne Gellweiler, Dresden School of Management, Germany
David Gogishvili, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
John Gold, Oxford Brookes University, UK
Barbara Grabher, University of Graz, Austria
Jeannie Hahm, University Central Florida, UK
Kirsten Hallman, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
Chris Hanna, Georgia Southern University, USA
Luke Harris, University of Birmingham, UK
Najmeh Hassanli, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Burcin Hatipoglu, University New South Wales, Australia
Claire Haven-Tang, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
Ted Hayduck, New York University, USA
Freya Higgins-Desbiolles, University of South Australia, Australia
Yoshifusa Ichii, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Dewi Jaimangal-Jones, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
David Jarman, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
Allan Jepson, Herts University, UK
Jamie Kenyon, Loughborough University, UK
Brendon Knott, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa
Nicole Koenig-Lewis, Cardiff University, UK
Maximiliano Korstanje, University of Palermo, Argentina
Niki Koutrou, Bournemouth University, UK
Jeetesh Kumar, Taylor's University (Malaysia), Malaysia
Chantel Laws, University of Westminster, UK
Weng Si (Clara) Lei, Macao Institute for Tourism Studies, China
Clifford Lewis, Charles Sturt University, Australia
Yanning Li, University of Surrey, UK
Erik Lundberg, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Judith Mair, University of Queensland, Australia
Matt McDowell, University of Edinburgh, UK
Rutendo Musikavanhu, Coventry University, UK
Barbara Neuhofer, Salzburg University, Austria
Margarida Abreu Novais, Griffith University, Australia
Danny O'Brien, Bond University, Australia
Eric D. Olsen, Metropolitan State University of Denver, USA
Faith Ong, University of Queensland, Australia
Ilaria Pappalepore, University of Westminster, UK
Emilio Fernandez Pena, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
Marko Perić, University of Rijeka, Croatia
Hongxia Qi, Victoria University Wellington, NZ
Meng Qu (Mo), Hiroshima University, Japan
Bernadette Quinn, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland
Gregory Ramshaw, Clemson University, USA
Vanessa Ratten, La Trobe, Australia
Alector Ribeiro, University of Surrey, UK
Tiago Ribeiro, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Alector Ribiero, University of Surrey, UK
Giulia Rossetti, Oxford Brookes University, UK
Katie Schlenker, University Technology Sydney, Australia
Hugues Seraphin, Winchester University, UK
Jonathan Skinner, University of Surrey, UK
Ryan Snelgrove, University of Waterloo, Canada
Sarah Snell, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
Andres Coca Stefaniak, University of Greenwich, UK
Adam Talbot, Coventry University, UK
Aaron Tham, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
Jill Timms, University of Surrey, UK
Lewis Walsh, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
Trudie Walters, Independent, New Zealand
Xueli (Shirley) Wang, Tsinghua University, China
Stephen Wassong, German Sport University, Germany
Craig Webster, Ball State University, USA
Jon Welty Peachey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Kim Werner, Hochschule Osnabrück, Germany
Kyle Woosnam, University of Georgia, USA
Jialin (Snow) Wu, University of Huddersfield, UK
Sakura Yamamura, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Germany
Pamela Zigomo, University of Greenwich, UK
*(remaining Editor for submissions pre-November 2021)
PhD/ECR Editorial Board
Erik L. Lachance, University of Ottawa, Canada
(Chair of the PhD/ECR Editorial Board)
Oluwaseyi Aina, University of the West of Scotland, UK
Elizabeth Ashcroft, University of Surrey, UK
Nicola Cade, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
Libby Carter, Birmingham City University, UK
David Cook, Coventry University, UK
Meg Hibbins, Naresuan University, Thailand
Montira Intason, Naresuan University, Thailand
Denise Kamyuka, Western University, Canada
Truc Le, Griffith University, Australia
Jason King, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Erin Pearson, Western University, Canada
Briony Sharp, University of the West of Scotland, UK
Darina Svobodova, University of Surrey, UK
Yann Tournesac, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Katy Tse, University of Surrey, UK
Beau Wanwisa, University of Surrey, UK
Emmy Yeung, University of Chester, UK
Nicole Yu, The University of Queensland, Australia
Our aim is to make initial submission to Event Management as simple as possible, for all submission routes. Authors can use the following information as a checklist before submitting.
HOW TO SUBMIT: All manuscripts to be submitted via this link:
WHAT TO SUBMIT: Authors are asked to submit three documents:
Impact Statement
Cover letters are optional but we do encourage authors to also provide this to help detail the theoretical, empirical, and/or practical contribution of the manuscript.
WHAT TO INCLUDE IN YOUR "IMPACT STATEMENT": up to 500 words detailing the potential or actual impact of this article on society.
WHAT TO INCLUDE IN YOUR "TITLE PAGE": Please ensure all of the following headings are present and addressed:
Title (20 words max)
Author(s) name
Affiliation (Department, Institution, City, (State), Country)
Corresponding author and email address
Corresponding author ORCID
Part of a Special Issue? If so, state the name of the Special Issue.
WHAT TO INCLUDE AND HOW TO FORMAT MANUSCRIPTS: We provide authors with the flexibility to format and organize manuscripts in they way they prefer for initial submission. Authors will then work with our editorial assistants after acceptance to conform with journal standardized format before publication. We do however have a simple checklist of things below we do require at initial submission stage:
Sections to include:
Title (up to 20 words, in CAPITAL LETTERS and BOLD)
Highlights (3-5 highlights, max 80 characters including spaces for each bullet point)
Abstract (150 words max)
Keywords (up to 8, placed immediately after the Abstract)
A "Literature Review" and "Methodology" section must feature, unless not appropriate.
Formatting requirements
Arial font, size 12.
All manuscripts should be thoroughly checked for spelling and grammar.
In-text citations and 'References' (these can be formatted to your choosing but must be consistent).
Double spaced, with line numbering and page numbers.
'Tables' and high quality 'Images' and 'Figures' embedded in the manuscript, not as separate files.
Clearly identifiable headings with no more than three levels (see example below).
1. HEADING,
1.1 Sub-heading
1.1.1 Sub-sub-heading.
SUBMISSION TYPES:
Research article (up to 10,000 words)—traditional full-length research articles contribute to theory.
Research note (up to 2,000 words)—short pieces that are theoretically or methodologically relevant, novel and innovative that can be developed further and advanced by other scholars. Commentaries and debates can be submitted under this submission type too.
Event case study (up to 10,000 words)—full-length empirically based research articles that rigorously apply theory but do not necessarily seek to develop theory. Authors must however stress the implications of empirical work beyond the event case study context.
Event education (up to 10,000 words)—full-length pieces focusing on events-related learning and teaching innovation and impact on student education, experience, and performance.
GENERAL AND SPECIFIC QUESTIONS EDITORS AND REVIEWERS WILL CONSIDER WHEN EVALUATING MANUSCRIPTS
Is there a clear research issue or problem statement presented at the beginning that establishes the "so what" factor?
Is the theoretical, methodological, or empirical contribution of the manuscript clearly stated? And is the significance of this contribution clearly stated?
Is the manuscript interesting, bold, and/or innovative?
Is the theoretical framework robust, providing a good conceptual grounding in relevant literature?
Is the methodology designed and executed in a reliable and valid way?
Is the manuscript written in a clear and concise way (without "academese") and accessible to academic and nonacademic audiences?
Is the argument written in an easy to follow and logical way?
Are there clear conceptual and practical conclusions drawn on in the latter parts of the manuscript?
Which of the following submission routes do you think the manuscript is best suited for:
– Research article (strong theoretical or methodological contribution)
– Research Note (shortened version with a strong theoretical or methodological contribution)
– Event Case Study (limited theoretical or methodological contribution, but interesting empirical insights)
– Events Education
Specific events-related questions:
Does the manuscript present an analysis of contemporary events-related issues?
Does the manuscript present a balanced perspective on the power and potential of events for good or for bad?
Do you think this manuscript helps advance events research: how and why?
Are there clear and well-justified recommendations to help advance the policy and practice of events in the future?
Does the manuscript present a future academic research agenda that seeks to push the boundaries of events research?
Is it clear how either descriptive or conceptual features of the event in question impacts on the empirical phenomenon in question? (In other words, does the author position the event simply as the "background" or "context" or are distinct features of the event recognized?)
NB: We ask this last question because in Event Management journal we want continue building a more conceptual understanding as to why events and festivals are particularly interesting organizational constructs to advance theory and knowledge, over let's say other types of organizations like businesses or government institutions.
ONLINE FAST-TRACK PUBLICATION
Accepted manuscripts will be loaded to Fast Track with DOI links online. Fast Track is an early e-pub system whereby subscribers to the journal can start reading and citing the articles prior to their inclusion in a journal issue. Please note that articles published in Fast Track are not the final print publication with proofs. Once the accepted manuscript is ready to publish in an issue of the journal, the corresponding author will receive a proof from our Production Department for approval. Once approved and published, the Fast Track version of the manuscript is deleted and replaced with the final published article. Online Fast Track publication ensures that the accepted manuscripts can be read and cited as quickly as possible.
Use of Copyright Material: Authors must attest their manuscript contains original work and provide proof of permission to reproduce any content(artwork, photographs, tables, etc.) in connection with their manuscript, also ensuring their work does not infringe on any copyright and that they have obtained permission for its use. It is important to note that any and all materials obtain via the Internet/social media (including but not limited to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) fall under all copyright rules and regulations and permission for use must be obtained prior to publication.
Copyright: Publications are copyrighted for the protection of authors and the publisher. A Transfer of Copyright Agreement will be sent to the author whose manuscript is accepted. The form must be completed and returned with the final manuscript files(s).
AUTHOR OPTIONS
Articles appearing in Event Management are available to be open access and also contain color figures (neither is a condition for publication). Authors will be provided with an Author Option Form, which indicates the following options. The form must be completed and returned with the final manuscript file(s) even if the answer is "No" to the options. This form serves as confirmation of your choice for the options.
A voluntary submission fee of $125.00 includes one free page of color and a 50% discount on additional color pages (color is discounted to $100.00 per color page).
Open access is available for a fee of $200.00 for up to 15 pages and $50.00 for each additional page. Color would be discounted to $100.00 per color page.
Color figures: Your article may contain figures that should be printed in color. There is a charge for figures appearing in color. Cost for color figure in an article $200.00 (if not paying Voluntary Submission Fee or Open Access Fee).
If you choose to have your article be open access, a payment form will be sent with the amount due based on the number of pages at proof stage. The form will need to be completed and returned with payment information and any corrections to the proof prior to publication.
The use of color in articles is an important feature. If you choose to have figures in color a payment form will be provided with your proof, which will need to be completed and returned with any corrections to the proof prior to publication.
PAGE PROOFS
Page proofs will be sent electronically to the designated corresponding author prior to publication. Minor changes only are allowed at this stage. The designated corresponding author will receive a free pdf file of the final press article, which will be sent by email.
Although every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher, the editorial board, editors, and their respective employees, officers, and agents accept no responsibility or liabilitywhatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement.
Event Management (EM) Peer Review Policy
Peer review is the evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field to ensure only good scientific research is published.
In order to maintain these standards, Event Management (EM) utilizes a double blind review process whereby the identity of the reviewers is not known to authors and the authors are not shown on the article being reviewed.
The peer review process for EM is laid out below:
An article is first checked for its topical suitability and basic formatting by the Editor-In-Chief (EIC).
The submission, with all identification removed, is sent to an Editorial Board member by the EIC, within 7 days. The Editorial Board member then sends the submission to two other scholars within 7 days. The reviewers are always experts in their field. Authors may not suggest reviewers; however, they are allowed to suggest reviewers to be avoided due to a potential conflict of interest.
Comments from the reviewers are expected in 4-8 weeks or less and are delivered to the Editorial Board member. The Board member then has 7 days to send his/her recommendation to the EIC who assesses the merit of the manuscript based on comments received.
Authors receive detailed comments along with the final decision of: accept, accept with minor revisions, accept with major revisions, or rejection within 7 days. The comments to authors are blinded.
Authors would have 12 months to resubmit a revised paper. Notification of final decision is typically 2 weeks' time.
As a reviewer for Event Management you would have the benefit of reading and evaluating current research in your area of expertise at its early state, thereby contributing to the integrity of scientific exploration.
If you are interested in becoming a reviewer for EM please contact the EIC: Mike Duignan
University of Surrey, UK. E-mail: mduignan@surrey.ac.uk
As a reviewer for Event Management, you can take advantage of the following incentive:
If you review three papers for one of the Cognizant journals (Tourism Review International, Tourism Analysis, Event Management, Tourism Culture and Communication, Tourism in Marine Environments, and Gastronomy and Tourism) within a one-year period, you will qualify for a free OPEN ACCESS article in one of the above journals.
The publishers and editorial board of Event Management have adopted the publication ethics and malpractice statements of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/core-practices. These guidelines highlight what is expected of authors and what they can expect from the reviewers and editorial board in return. They also provide details of how problems will be handled. Briefly:
Event Management is governed by an international editorial board consisting of experts in event management, tourism, business, sport, and related fields. Information regarding the editorial board members is listed on the inside front cover of the printed copy of the journal in addition to the homepage for the journal at: https://www.cognizantcommunication.com/journal-titles/event-management under the "Editorial Board" tab.
This editorial board conducts most of the manuscript reviews and plays a large role in setting the standards for research and publication in the field. The Editor-in-Chief receives and processes all manuscripts and from time to time will modify the editorial board to ensure a continuous improvement in quality.
The reviewers uphold a peer review process without favoritism or prejudice to gender, sexual orientation, religious/political beliefs, nationality, or geographical origin. Each submission is given equal consideration for acceptance based only on the manuscript's importance, originality, academic integrity, and clarity and whether it is suitable for the journal in accordance with the Aims and Scope of the journal. They must not have a conflict of interest with the author(s) or work described. The anonymity of the reviewers must be maintained.
All manuscripts are sent out for blind review and the editor/editorial board will maintain the confidentiality of author(s) and their submitted research and supporting documentation, figures, and tables and all aspects pertaining to each submission.
Reviewers are expected to not possess any conflicts of interest with the authors. They should review the manuscript objectively and provide recommendations for improvements where necessary. Any unpublished information read by a reviewer should be treated as confidential.
Manuscripts must contain original material and must not have been published previously. Material accepted for publication may not be published elsewhere without the consent of the publisher. All rights and permissions must be obtained by the contributor(s) and should be sent upon acceptance of manuscripts for publication.
References, acknowledgments, figure legends, and tables must be properly cited and authors must attest their manuscript contains original work and provide proof of permission to reproduce any content (artwork, photographs, tables, etc.) in connection with their manuscript, also ensuring their work does not infringe on any copyright and that they have obtained permission for its use. It is important to note that any and all materials obtain via the Internet/social media (including but not limited to Face Book, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) falls under all copyright rules and regulations and permission for use must be obtained prior to publication.
Authors listed on a manuscript must have made a significant contribution to the study and/or writing of the manuscript. During revisions, authors cannot be removed without their permission and that of all other authors. All authors must also agree to the addition of new authors. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that this occurs.
Financial support and conflicts of interest for all authors must be declared.
The reported research must be novel and authentic and the author(s) should confirm that the same data has not been and is not going to be submitted to another journal (unless already rejected). Plagiarism of the text/data will not be tolerated and could result in retraction of an accepted article.
When humans, animals, or tissue derived from them have been used, then mention of the appropriate ethical approval must be included in the manuscript.
The publishers agree to ensure, to the best of their abilities, that the information they publish is genuine and ethically sound. If publishing ethics issues come to light, not limited to accusations of fraudulent data or plagiarism, during or after the publication process, they will be investigated by the editorial board including contact with the authors' institutions if necessary, so that a decision on the appropriate corrections, clarifications, or retractions can be made. The publishers agree to publish this as necessary so as to maintain the integrity of the academic record.
Current Table of Contents / Abstracts
View All Abstracts
Access Current Articles (Volume 25, Number 6)
Message From the Editor-in-Chief – 581
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/152599521X16340614453752
Kenneth Backman
In Recognition of Ken Backman – 583
Bob Miranda, Don Getz, Bruce Wicks
Exploring Usability and Gratifications for Virtual Reality Applications at Festivals – 585
M. Claudia Tom Dieck, Dario Tom Dieck, and Timothy Jung
Department of Operations, Technology, Events and Hospitality Management, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
The digital creation of virtual environments has opened many doors for the creation of new experiences, offering the trend of ever immersive, engaging, and multisensory virtual reality (VR) experiences. However, studies on VR within the science festival context are limited. Therefore, with a focus on usability and gratifications, this study aims to explore the antecedents of the behavioral intention to use VR at science festivals. Before participating in a questionnaire, 447 users experienced a VR application and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings reveal that usability influences gratification factors, which influence users' behavioral intention to engage with science.
Key words: Virtual reality; Usability; Gratifications; Immersion; Emotions; Flow
Meeting Planners: Views of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Motivations Across Two Continents – 601
James Musgrave,* Jonathan Sibley,† and Simon Woodward*
*School of Events, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
†Business School, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Interpretation of, and commitment to, corporate social responsibility (CSR) differs from country to country, resulting in variances in implementation. It is theorized that these variances originate from organizational and cultural context. There is limited research dedicated to contextual variances of CSR in the meetings industry. As such, the objective of this article is twofold: first, to understand whether meeting planners in America and Western Europe differ in their current and future motives for engaging with CSR. Second, to establish whether the differences in motivation are influenced by their conceptual understanding of CSR or the wider socioeconomic and political environment. The authors analyzed over 1,000 self-reporting questionnaires from meeting planners across the two continents. Results were analyzed using unrelated t tests in order to establish if the two groups differ in their underlying motives to engage with CSR. An exploratory factor analysis was used to determine how meeting planners conceptualized CSR across the two continents. Results suggests similar strategic motives to engage in CSR. European meeting planners identify egoistic motives to engage in CSR. In contrast to America, CSR practice in Europe will change in the future as value-driven motives become prevalent. The article provides evidence of context as a defining factor in CSR, where ubiquitous constructs of CSR cannot be easily applied to meeting planners. The findings demonstrate the incongruent nature of CSR practice. The results advance the application of CSR to meeting planner's practice in both America and Western Europe, reigniting the definitional debate of CSR within the meetings industry.
Key words: Corporate social responsibility (CSR); Meeting planners; Motivations; Events management and context
Stakeholder Management of Temporary Sport Event Organizations – 619
Elsa Kristiansen,* Birgit A. A. Solem,† Therese Dille,* and Barrie Houlihan‡
*USN School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Campus Drammen, Norway
†USN School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Campus Vestfold, Norway
‡School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
The aim of this study is to investigate, through the application of stakeholder theory, the challenges faced by the Bergen 2017 Organizing Committee when hosting the 2017 Road World Championship in cycling. Data for the case study were collected through interviews with eight senior representatives from stakeholders such as the Organizing Committee Bergen 2017 and international and national federations, event observations, and from the analysis of selected documents. The study examined the development of stakeholder relationships through three phases in the development and delivery of the event (i.e., preevent, event time, and postevent). The Bergen 2017 organizing committee members were referred to as happy amateurs by the media but proved to be astute in managing their relationship with the international federation as a primary stakeholder and resourceful in coping with a shortage of professional staff due to the help by volunteers. The research illustrates the problematic nature of stakeholder management in temporary event organizations and how it is possible to host a major event with limited resources, in terms of skills, time, staff, finance, and support from important stakeholders. These results have significant implications for event organizers facing similar resource challenges and who have to manage a complex network of stakeholders. The results also have implications for stakeholder theory in relation to the distinctive challenges arising from the temporary nature of the organizing committee and their evolution through the different phases.
Key words: Event management; Stakeholder theory; Sport policy; Norway; Road World Championship in cycling
Creating an Event Volunteering Legacy: The 2014 Host City Volunteer Initiative – 641
Robert J. Rogerson,* Fiona Reid,† and Rafaelle Nicholson‡
*Institute for Future Cities, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
†Independent Researcher, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
‡Faculty of Management, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
This article examines why as part of the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Glasgow Life failed to achieve its aspired legacy of promoting further volunteering by Host City Volunteers (HCVs) despite the implementation of best practice. This practice included providing dedicated funding of a volunteer legacy program, supporting recruitment from groups generally underrepresented among regular volunteers, and the provision of a dedicated team to support HCVs before, during, and after the event. Drawing on research conducted at the time of the event and a follow up study 3 years later, the article suggests that the absence of such legacy arose because, although highly motivated by the one-off prestigious event, the event volunteers were less motivated by other opportunities, many of those involved as event volunteers were already committed volunteers, and were reluctant to take over responsibility for engaging with future volunteering opportunities. The article considers the wider implications for future event managers seeking to generate volunteering legacies as part of major events. In so doing, it underlines that despite the scheme being constructed around the key characteristics of the much-lauded benchmark model of event volunteering associated with the Manchester 2002 Commonwealth Games volunteering legacies cannot be guaranteed. Even when there is success in engaging with people markedly different to the common type of event volunteer in underrepresented communities, translating their enthusiasm into postevent volunteering is problematic.
Key words: Event volunteering; Sporting mega-event; Legacy planning; Commonwealth Games
Evaluation of Katara Cultural Village Events and Services: A Visitors' Perspective – 653
Khalid Ibrahim Al-Sulaiti,* Khalid Hamad Abaalzamat,† Hamzah Khawaldah,‡ and Nidal Alzboun‡
*Cultural Village Foundation, Katara, Doha, Qatar
†College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
‡Geography Department, School of Arts, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Perceived value is understood to be a precursor of visitor satisfaction and loyalty and it is impacted by product quality. The relations between quality, value, and satisfaction have been gaining increasing attention in the marketing and tourism fields. Accordingly, this study examines visitors' evaluations of Katara Cultural Village events and services and their satisfaction. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire was conducted and distributed to 532 visitors in Katara. Results showed that Katara was a successful tourism destination in Doha, which attracts large numbers of visitors with different demographic characteristics. According to respondents, Katara has several social, economic, and environmental impacts, which are mainly positive. The social impacts of Katara seemed to be most noticeable because cultural events and activities represent the core of Katara's model. As mentioned, results showed a high level of visitors' satisfaction with Katara's events and services, with an overall assessment score of 78.6% and 71.3%, respectively. Additionally, the results from one-way ANOVA and t tests revealed that there are no significant differences in visitors' assessment of Katara's events and services between demographic groups in terms of gender, nationality, and age. However, these results contribute to the understanding of event attendee behavior, providing researchers, practitioners, and policy makers in Katara with insights into how to effectively design and manage events.
Key words: Katara cultural village; Events; Satisfaction; Cultural tourism; Qatar
Open Water Swimming Events, Social Capital, and Sociality – 665
Sophie Greenwood*† and Thomas Fletcher†
*Manchester City Football Club, Manchester, UK
†School of Events, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
There is strong evidence to suggest that a connection exists between sports participation and the accumulation of social capital. Event research is also beginning to recognize that non-elite mass participation sport events can foster a sense of temporary casual sociality, community, and camaraderie within the event space, and thus, create meaningful social impact for participants. Through analysis of data obtained via semistructured interviews and surveys conducted with open water swimmers and observations undertaken at open water swimming events, this article seeks to contribute to the small (but growing) body of empirical and case specific research on the social capital potential of mass participation sports events. We adopt Putnam's notions of bonding and bridging social capital to interpret the social impact (if any) of open water swimming events on participants. It is the first of its kind to explicitly explore the social capital potential of open water swimming events in the UK. In so being it will develop ideas of whether social connections are temporary, delimited by the duration of the event, or whether they can endure outside of the event space as broader social networks and groups. We argue that events can facilitate meaningful social connections, and we analyze the durability of these social connections. Our data suggest that open water swimming events can facilitate casual social interactions with individuals from outside of already bonded groups. However, evidence of bridging capital was less convincing, in that it tended to be associated with a certain type of event and where participants shared a particular identity.
Key words: Event; Open water swimming; Putnam; Social capital; Sport
Using Communication Boundaries to Minimize Athlete Social Media Distractions During Events – 683
Michelle Hayes,* Kevin Filo,† Caroline Riot,* and Andrea N. Geurin‡
*Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel Management, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
†Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel Management, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
‡Institute for Sport Business, Loughborough University, London, UK
Sport organizations regulate athletes' use of social media for many reasons including the protection of the organization's reputation. Several strategies have been introduced to minimize issues related to the negative consequences athlete social media use may present, yet whether these strategies also work to address social media distractions experienced by athletes during major sport events is not well known. Utilizing communication privacy management (CPM) theory, the purpose of the current research was to examine the aspects of social media that sport administrators perceive to be distracting to athletes and what support and management mechanisms are utilized to address such concerns during major sport events. Semistructured interviews (N = 7) with Australian national sport organization (NSO) administrators were conducted. Sport administrators reported several aspects of social media that are perceived to distract athletes including personal and performance criticism and a fixation with social media profiles. Social media could also be used to manage athlete temperament. As a result, organizations highlighted both proactive and reactive communication boundaries and mechanisms that could be used to address concerns including content restrictions, best practice case studies, engaging in conversations, and monitoring. Opportunities for sport practitioners are described including conducting consultation sessions with athletes to better understand their needs regarding their social media use.
Key words: Major sport events; National sport organizations; Social media; Communication privacy management; Distractions
Utilizing Field Theory to Examine Mega-Event-Led Development – 705
Michael B. Duignan
School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
Scholars and practitioners have long been analyzing and evaluating the way events, particularly mega-events, serve as a mechanism of change. Powerful descriptions are typically brought to life via event impact and legacy case studies: yet, I argue such work can remain atheoretical—or—conceptually disorganized. I draw on Bourdieu's field theory and the management study of Field Configuring Events to develop a new analytical framework: the "Cognitive and Relational Mapping of Field Configuring Events"—offering a set of interrelated concepts to strengthen analysis and conceptual consistency between studies, while providing latitude to overlay different disciplinary perspectives. I detail methodological and conceptual advantages afforded alongside six ways the framework could be applied and extended across various cases and contexts.
Key words: Field theory; Field configuring events; Mega-events; Event-led field development; Cognitive and relational mapping of field configuring events
What Predicts the Sport Event Volunteer Experience? Examining Motivation, Satisfaction, Commitment, and Sense of Community – 721
Erik L. Lachance, Jordan T. Bakhsh, Ashley Thompson, and Milena M. Parent
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Despite the large body of literature on sport event volunteers, researchers have a poor understanding of the volunteer experience despite studies claiming direct and indirect relationships involving motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and sense of community towards the volunteer experience. In fact, most studies fail to statistically measure experience as a dependent variable. As such, the importance of these four antecedents as predictors of the volunteer experience remains assumed and uncertain. The purpose of this study was to empirically test if and how sport event volunteers' motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and sense of community predict their experience. Following the 2019 Osprey Valley Open, 161 volunteers (65% response rate) completed an online self-administered questionnaire. A two-step structural equation model analysis tested the hypothesized linear relationships. Results indicated direct (i.e., motivation and satisfaction) and indirect (i.e., commitment and sense of community) relationships between antecedents and the volunteer experience. Commitment had an indirect relationship to the volunteer experience through motivation's direct relationship, while the indirect relationship of sense of community occurred through satisfaction's direct relationship to the volunteer experience. Confirmatory factor analysis also indicated motivation and sense of community had poor factor loadings, while satisfaction and commitment loaded adequately. Moreover, only the egoistic motivation factor was supported in this study motivation's direct relationship to the volunteer experience. These findings empirically support previous claims for motivation and satisfaction's direct relationship to the volunteer experience but dispute previous claims of direct relationships involving sense of community and commitment. Contributions include the need to move beyond investigating individual antecedents of the volunteer experience as it requires a multifaceted analysis due to conceptual interrelationships. Event managers should understand their volunteers' experience as being complex and develop strategies aimed at each of the four antecedents.
Key words: Sport event; Volunteers; Questionnaire; Structural equation modeling
The Study of Consumption Decision Key Factors in Chinese Wedding Banquet – 739
Chun-Hsien Lo,* Tung-Hsuan Wan,* Jehn-Yih Wong,* and Yi-Fang Hsieh†
*Department of Business Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
†Department of Food and Beverage Management, Taipei University of Marine Technology, Taiwan
Marriage is a once-in-a-lifetime experience for most people and all new couples want the details to be perfect for a good memory. However, in the Chinese world, it is not up to the new couple to decide all details of a wedding banquet on their own, the opinions of their parents must be considered. Therefore, under the circumstances of many decision makers with different expectations, wedding consumption decisions become onerous and complex. In this study, we used the focus group method to obtain the factors for the selection of the wedding restaurant and confirmed the key facets and criteria of the factors of wedding restaurant selection and the consumption value model through the Delphi method and then looked for the important correlation among the factors and their causal relationship through DANP analysis. The research shows that the most critical facets are "emotional value" and "social value" and that the most critical criteria are "word-of-mouth" and "restaurant evaluation." Restaurant operators are suggested to consider the needs of customers, strengthen the quality of project package content, pay attention to online comments and voice volume, strengthen staff training, and understand consumer demands.
Key words: Chinese wedding banquet; Consumption decision; DANP analysis; Focus group method; Wedding restaurant selection factors
The Welcome to the Village Festival as an Interactive Space for Entrepreneurial Innovation: Lessons Learned – 755
Sybrith M. Tiekstra and Carla K. Smink
Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
This article presents an exploratory study of the potential role of a music and arts festival in supporting entrepreneurial innovation processes. Although festivals in practice are developing their function as innovation facilitators, there has been only little academic attention from both entrepreneurship and festival studies for this trend. This article brings together extant literature on entrepreneurial innovation and festival spaces to conceptualize how interactions enabled by festivals may support entrepreneurial value proposition development. Based on a qualitative exploratory case study of the innovation program of the Dutch Welcome to the Village festival it is shown that festivals can potentially facilitate useful interactions with various stakeholders for entrepreneurs. It is found that these interactions can inform the direction of the entrepreneurial process and product/service development. However, relevant potential interactions remained latent and the transference of the results beyond the festival was limited. Recommendations are made on how this potential of the festival may be more strategically exploited. We propose that a more purposeful interaction design could benefit the festival-innovation programs (e.g., by mapping the connections as we have in this article). It also recommended for managers of these innovation programs to develop organizational structures that bridge the apparent divide between the festival and real world.
Key words: Music and arts festivals; Interactive spaces for innovation processes; Experimentation; Entrepreneurship; Value proposition development
Volume 25 Subject and Author Index – 775
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Publishing Stats
Updated as of December 2020
Number of submissions: 103
Number of reviews requested: 309
Number of reviews received: 206
Approval rate: 36% after first revision, 50% after second revision
Average time between submission and publication: 16 months
Special Issue - Event Innovation & Resilience During Uncertainty
Special Issue: Event Innovation and Resilience During Uncertainty
Dr. Elina (Eleni) Michopoulou, University of Derby, United Kingdom
Email: e.michopoulou@derby.ac.uk
Dr. Nikolaos Pappas, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
Email: nikolaos.pappas@sunderland.ac.uk
Dr. Iride Azara, University of Derby, United Kingdom
Email: iride.e.azara@derby.ac.uk
In recent years, studies on innovation and resilience, often adopt the angle of crisis recovery or focus on value-creating innovative and creative strategies and practices. While those studies have begun to explore the underpinning principles of innovation and resilience, they often focus on a specific sector or region or viewed through the narrow lenses of economic recovery. Moreover, the theoretical and applied aspects of innovation and resilience need to be approached from a multidisciplinary point of view, to enable a better understanding of the internal and external dynamics that affect the evolution, planning and delivery of events at times of uncertainty. The pathway to success (or failure) lies on the overall innovative stance adopted by event stakeholders and the resilience demonstrated by companies and communities alike to externalities that yield not only challenges and threats; but also bear opportunities for fundamentally rethinking our practices of planning and delivering events. Therefore, an SI revisiting innovation and resilience during uncertainty will be highly relevant to both, industry and academia.
This special issue welcomes theoretical, empirical, experimental, and case study research contributions. These contributions should clearly address the theoretical and practical implications of the research in reference. Both conceptual and empirical work are welcome. Event innovation and resilience can be viewed under a variety of prisms, including but not limited to:
Innovation, creativity and change management
Resilience management
Complexity management
Competitiveness, sustainability and corporate social responsibility
Consumer behaviour, decision-making, expectations, experience and satisfaction
Adaptive capacities
Urban resilience
Multi-disciplinary resilience
Event design, planning and delivery
Economics of change impacts and adaptation
Emerging and innovative research methods and methodologies
Human resources, equality, diversity, and labour operations
The role of technology in event innovation and resilience
Marketing, advertising, branding and promotional activities
Wellbeing of employees, local communities and event participants
Other interdisciplinary areas related to event management
Each paper submitted for publication consideration is subjected to the standard review process designated by Event Management journal. Based on the recommendations of the reviewers, the Editor-in-chief along with the guest editors, decisions will be made whether particular submissions will be accepted, revised or rejected. Please note that the review process will start after the full paper submission deadline.
Authors should submit manuscripts electronically via the journal online platform (available from September 2021).
Full paper submission deadline: March 13, 2022
Expected publication date: Mid to end of 2023
All papers should follow the submission guidelines of the Event Management journal. For more information please visit Submitting Articles
Special Issue - Human Rights and the Olympics
HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE OLYMPICS, MEGA- AND MAJOR- EVENTS
EVENT MANAGEMENT JOURNAL SPECIAL ISSUE CALL
PUBLISH DATE: 2021-2022
Dr Michael B. Duignan, Head of Department and Reader in Events, School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, UK.
Dr Mike Duignan – Video overview of special issue:
https://youtu.be/IPKHEir_dA4
Prof Laurence Chalip, Head of Department and Professor in Sports Management, School of Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, USA.
Prof Laurence Chalip – Thoughts on human rights and the Olympics, mega- and major-events:
https://youtu.be/A1LBPz4VnyI
The Olympics, mega- and major- events have a long history of human rights abuse (Amnesty International, 2021a). An increasing body of work over the last two decades have advanced a rights-based agenda in the context of large-scale events (e.g. Caudwell and McGee's (2017) Special Issue on 'Human Rights and Events, Leisure and Sport' and more recently the European Funded 'Event Rights' (2020) project). Specific case study works have too sought to frame stakeholder exclusion as a human rights issue, as numerous social groups find have been identified to be exploited in one way or another in the melee of planning, delivery, and in the post-event legacy periods (e.g. Talbot and Carter, 2018; Duignan, Pappalepore and Everett, 2019). Indeed, large scale events too act as a platform for amplifying human rights abuses already existing in the host city and/or country context, as well as those produced as a direct and indirect result of hosting. For example, the Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup not only exposed limited national legislation protecting labour rights in Qatar, but this was also evidenced by poor working and living conditions, as well as delayed salaries for those working on the Khalifa Stadium (Amnesty International, 2021b). Occurring over protracted time-periods and geographical boundaries, the host country and city provides a useful incubator to examine human rights issues.
Owners and organisers of large-scale events acutely recognise human rights abuses as a problem that warrants new policy interventions and closer practical relations with host cities and countries, whether that be the Commonwealth Games Foundation's (2017): 'Transformation 2022 Strategy – A Human Rights Commitment', through to the "International Olympic Committee's (IOC) human rights strategy and policy commitment" (…) looking at "further embedding human rights in the good governance principles, and the establishment of the previously announced Human Rights Advisory Committee." (IOC, 2020). This is part of a wider movement of large events pressuring hosts to consider embedding principles and objectives aligned to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (2021). Furthermore, local organisingcommittees increasingly work with human rights organisations to tackle specific types of abuses. For example, 'It's a Penalty': an international charity dedicated to raising awareness of human trafficking in host cities, works directly with Olympic venues to screen campaign videos to warn fans of the signs and how to report potential abuses (https://itsapenalty.org/)
This CFP on Human Rights and the Olympics, Mega- and Major-Events hopes to 1) expose significant human rights abuses that have not been adequately amplified to date; 2) bring together a disparate body of work looking at human rights; 3) publish existing and on-going work evaluating the legacy of previous events or looking forward to events in the year of 2021 and beyond; 4) identify good practice, like It's a Penalty's work, that illustrates the power of large-scale events for exposing and tackling human rights abuses too; 5) encourage scholars to act as a critical friend and work with policy makers and/or industry to help stimulate positive change.
Multidisciplinary research papers that draw on a range of different ideas, concepts, theories and traditions appropriate to explain the human rights issue under investigation.
Scholars may wish to take a global perspective (i.e. by drawing on a range of event examples and cases to illustrate the ubiquity of the human rights abuse), or for example may present a specific human right issue in a specific event case study.
All papers must provide a set of policy and/or industry recommendations centred around the following themes:
EDUCATE– educating stakeholders and raising awareness of the chosen human rights issue.
EQUIP– equipping stakeholders and those affected to help tackle chosen human rights issue.
ENCOURAGE– how to encourage stakeholders and those affected to come forward to report chosen human rights issue.
N.B. Clarify how educate, equip, and encourage recommendations have transferability beyond the context you are speaking about to have more universal and/or value across numerous events.
Though this list in not exhaustive, below are examples of human rights issues found across major events:
Labour rights and worker exploitation
Lack of personal safety
Poverty and socio-economic deprivation
Athlete abuse
Torture and execution
Forced evictions and displacement
Host community disruption
Gentrification and indirect displacement
For those looking for a deeper understanding regarding the types of human rights issues and the ways these can be analysed and tackled across the entire lifecycle of major events, we have provided two documents below.
The United Nations Human Rights: Office of the High Commissioner (https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/pages/listofissues.aspx) has a comprehensive list of human rights issues and related resources; and
The Institute for Business and Human Rights provides a useful overview of the ways human rights issues can be analysed and tackled across the entire lifecycle of major events too (https://www.sporthumanrights.org/uploads/resources/The_MSE_Lifecycle_-_Embedding_Human_Rights_from_Vision_to_Legacy.pdf)
Amnesty International UK. (2021a). Sports and Human Rights. Available at: https://www.amnesty.org.uk/issues/sport-and-human-rights
Amnesty International UK. (2021b). Qatar World Cup: The ugly side to the beautiful game. Available at: https://www.amnesty.org.uk/qatar-world-cup-ugly-side-beautiful-game
Commonwealth Games Foundation. (2017). Transformation 2022 Strategy – A Human Rights Commitment. Available at: https://thecgf.com/content/cgf-human-rights-statement
Duignan, M.B., Pappalepore, I., & Everett, S. (2019). The 'summer of discontent': Exclusion and communal resistance at the London 2012 Olympic Games. Tourism Management, 70, 355-367.
EventRights. (2021). Introduction. Available at: http://eventrights.net/
IOC. (2020). IOC moves forward with its human rights approach. Available at: https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-moves-forward-with-its-human-rights-approach
It's a Penalty. (2021). Introduction. Available at: https://itsapenalty.org/
Raco, M., & Tunney, E. (2010). Visibilities and invisibilities in urban development: Small business communities and the London Olympics 2012. Urban Studies, 47(2), 2069–2091.
Talbot, A., & Carter, T. (2018). Human rights abuses at the Rio 2016 Olympics. Leisure Studies, 37(1), 77–88.
Deadline for extended abstracts of max 500 words by 12th March, 2021.
Note: send your abstract to: M.Duignan@surrey.ac.uk
Confirmations of acceptance/rejection by 19th March, 2021.
Deadline to submit full paper by 11th October, 2021.
If you have any questions, please email: M.Duignan@surrey.ac.uk
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29 elementary and high schools in California are participating in a program to substitute energy-efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) for conventional incandescent bulbs in students' homes.
The immediate goal of the exchange program was to substitute some 4,000 CFLs for incandescent bulbs during the 2006-2007 school year. The program's long-range goal was to swap 12,000 bulbs over three years.
But the energy- and money-saving idea caught on so well that in just four months -- and with just nine schools initially participating -- schools had to scramble to keep up with the demand for CFLs. When the dust had settled, more than 8,000 bulbs had been swapped in the fall semester alone. Now in addition to the original nine, 20 more schools are gearing up for bulb exchanges during the spring semester, with the potential of exchanging several thousand more CFLs and surpassing the 12,000 three-year goal in only one year.
Based on these numbers, students in the nine participating schools have already saved more than $400,000 in overall energy costs for their families and about 3 million kWh over the lifetime of the CFLs.
Alliance's Green Schools California program. "For example, bulb exchanges have been conducted not only during classroom science projects, but also as part of school-community activities like parent nights, science fairs, and PTA events.
The Green Schools CFL program is made possible by Southern California Edison (SCE), which provided the energy-efficient bulbs. The program is funded by California utility rate payers and administered by Southern California Edison under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission.
Doesn't this project want any of my readers to start a project in there area? It only takes one, bring it up with the PTA or your principal.
While fluorescent lamps save energy, they contain hazardous substances that if released into the environment will cause great damage. Even being too close to such a lamp when it breaks can pose great risks to one's health, for it contains mercury vapours.
Not many people know that such lamps need be disposed in a special way and cannot just be thrown in the thrash bin. I've never seen this mentioned anywhere, not even on the lamps cases!
Oh really!!! Maybe Fabio would like to provide a calculation to support his fear mongering.
Take the amount of mercury in a CFL and divide it by the size of the room that you might break the bulb in. Now consider the threshold of harm from mercury from mercury exposure.
If anyone is concerned with mercury exposure the EPA has a good web site on how to clean up small spills and when to call the hazmat team. If you happen to break and old mercury switch or barometer, you definitely need to clean it up correctly.
Keep in mind that while mercury is ubiquitous in the environment, disposal of mercury above a threshold limit requires special training. Since buying CFLs do not require this training, the amount of mercury in CFL is not significant.
- Unlike the Hg released by burning coal, there's a decent chance the Hg in a CFL won't make it's way into the environment. This Wikipedia article has a good summary of that issue.
- CFLs, I understand, contain ~5-6 mg/Hg per bulb (verification/correction would be welcome). This is not a lot, but of course > 0. I am further led to believe that common items like many household thermostats and watch batteries contain a lot more Hgs. In many (most?) areas, there are mechanisms for processing these types of items. I know there is in my town.
- I don't have a CFL in front of me, but I seem to think that most packaging and bulbs do in fact allude to their mercury content and say something about proper disposal.
There is an interesting problem here. The right thing to do is to make clear to purchasers that CFLs need to be disposed of properly b/c they contain mercury. But there is a pitfall that some or many consumers may over-react (my opinion) to the presence of Hg in the CFLs and not buy them, despite the reality (in my opinion) that CFLs do not pose a significant health risk.
That said, I'm quite interested in further LED development and GE's proposed high-efficiency incandescents. I love CFLs, and 90% of the lighting in my house is CFL, but I really would prefer not to bring even teensy amounts of Hg into my house. But on balance CFLs are A Good Thing, at least for the time being.
Simply put: there's *no* safe Hg levels, because Hg accumulates in the environment and bodies.
Yes, we're surrounded by Hg, even in fishes, however this doesn't mean we can put even more Hg in the environment just because there's already so much of it.
That said, I too have CFL's in my house, but I am aware of the issues and I'm amazed that no one ever talks about them.
Yes, I've read the wikipedia entry that says that the combined hg leves from lamps and electricity production is lower for the CFL's, still that actually depends on how electricity gets produced.
All in all, I just wanted to provide thorough information about the CFL's.
Simple put, there is a safe level of Hg. There is a threshold below which no harm is detected. Hg does bio accumulate. You are more likely to find higher levels of mercury in old fishermen than pregnant women.
This is a issue that I have studied. I am not aware of any cases of Americans being found with high of Hg that was not attributed to a specif cause rather than a general environmental problem like burning coal. I have a friend who suffers from mild mercury poisoning. Growing up in the third world, he recycled batteries to feed his family. Now he has a phd in physics.
Anyhow, lots of scare mongering, no smoking guns. It does bring up the interesting concept of the unintended consequences of conservation. When indoor air pollution results from not enough fresh air, we might want to think about wasting a little energy.
Excuse me, you said it yourself: mercury does accumulate.
That's the point: by accumulating into the body, even at small doses, mercury causes low lever chronic intoxication which has a quite different behaviour than acute intoxication, and that's why it often doesn't get detected as a mercury intoxication at all.
Other heavy metal poisonings undergo the same treatment, unfortunately.
One of the chronic mercury intoxication sympthoms is the fatigue syndrom, for instance. Also, mercury intoxication causes damages to the immunitary system, something which opens the door to a series of other "unexplicable" ilnesses.
It's not a mistery that environmental pollution causes all sort of diseases, so does mercury. The literature is full of references and studies about this.
From State of Michigan Department of Environmental Quality: An extremely small amount of mercury—an average of four milligrams—is sealed within the glass tubing of a CFL.
Disposal - Some communities offer disposal or recycling programs that accept fluorescents. Check with your local or municipal government entity responsible for solid waste or household hazardous waste collection.
• Disposal through the household hazardous waste collection is preferred but you can lawfully dispose of CFLs in your household garbage. To reduce the risk of bulb breakage or contamination and to protect yourself and the garbage staff from cuts, wrap the bulb in a sealed plastic bag and discard it with your trash.
• Never incinerate CFLs (or any other mercury-containing materials for that matter).
• If your bulb breaks, your greatest risk actually is being cut by broken glass. Handle it sensibly and be certain to sweep up all the glass fragments (don't vacuum, because that can disperse particles). Place the broken pieces in a plastic bag and wipe the area with a damp paper towel to pick up any stray shards of glass or powder. Keep CFLs working for the environment.
This information is essentially the same as on the EPA Fact Sheet.
The Phillips Extreme Low Mercury CFL's have less than 2 mg of Hg, which are now their standard bulb.
Jim, the fact that burning coal releases mercury in the environment is just a reason to not use coal, certanly not a reason to feel free to play with mercury at one's will.
Just wanted to highlight the fact that CFL's contain mercury, which never gets mentioned anywhere.
We'd all be better off by using LED's, instead, which require even less power and last so much longer than CFL's, while polluting much less. Why this rush to buy CFL's when there's better technology around? I hardly see LED's mentioned anywhere in the news, as substitute to incandescent bulbs.
Fabio, what you are doing is irresponsible fear mongering to further your agenda.
There is a responsible way to protect people and the environment from heavy metals. Part of the protection plan is to randomly test people for heavy metal. There is not a person in th world whose body does not contain plutonium, lead mercury, arsenic and other heavy metals. Therefore it is necessary to determent the level at which there is adverse affect. We then set drinking water and air quality standards based on very conservative criteria.
I am happy to say that the CDC random testing found no one in the US above the level of harm threshold for Hg. However, some samples were within the criteria for concern which is set lower by 100. This is to say that some are at risk for being at risk so we should carefully monitor the risk and look for ways to further reduce the risk.
There is a concept in environmental protection called ALARA (as low as reasonable achievable). It would look like CFL are a reasonable way to reduce HG. The lowest cost solution is the on/off switch.
How many CFL bulbs have you broken?
I am particularly concerned for your welfare, because EVERY SINGLE article that I have seen notes that CFLs do contain mercury and every bulb I've purchased (over 150 so far) stated on the package that the bulb contained mercury (sometimes abbreviated Hg.). This is not some secret conspiracy to insinuate mercury into your den.
Should people be concerned that their light bulbs contain mercury? Yes. They should be concerned enough to handle them with care and dispose of properly.
The interesting thing is that most people don't even realize that an average incandescent bulb releases at least 5mg of mercury into the atmosphere (assuming 50% of US power generated from burning coal) over the years they use them.
Further my agenda? What would my agenda be? Are you implying I sell LED's, by any chance?
Guys, I'm simply stating facts. CFL's contain mercury.
LED's consume even less energy than CFL's.
Do your math. Perhaps it's not me who's furthering an agenda, hm?
Look at the picture presented in this article: there's a "Warning" writing on the lamp, however it's not about it containing mercury. I've never seen any mention of CFL's containing mercury anywhere - perhaps I just haven't looked well enough, yet if I haven't seen it chances are so many more people haven't. I can assure you that I if I asked anyone I know if they are aware of the fact that CFL's contain mercury and need to be disposed of in a special way, the answer I would get would be a loud "No?"
Alot of people still don't know CFLs contain mercury and it's good to point that out. However since they save way more mercury from beeing released into the atmosphere than they contain they are the better choice. When they are returned, as they should be, that mercury won't even be released. It's a matter of making people know.
It's not ideal but until there actually is an even better choice this is the way to go. LEDs are nowhere close to beeing as efficient as CFLs yet! We tend to think that because of the media coverage on what they are suppoed to become. Unfortunatly the reason there is so little mentioning of LEDs as alternative to regular bulbs simply is that they are not. Find some LEDs in stores and look at their specs.
Phillip wrote: "Unfortunatly the reason there is so little mentioning of LEDs as alternative to regular bulbs simply is that they are not. Find some LEDs in stores and look at their specs."
Jim, thanks for this post. My mother is a middle school teacher in Beaverton, Oregon, and her students have been doing exactly this kind of program over the past several months. They're selling CFLs that they got from the Energy Trust of Oregon for a low price. Half the price goes to pay back the ETO, the other half goes to fund global warming awareness projects/programs the students are doing.
I remember older CFLs that contained not just mercury, but also a radioisotope of krypton or promethium (to provide sufficient ionization to allow the bulb to start, I imagine).
The energy crisis has never been before this much worse. Several talks had been made in the past decade about energy conservation.
Dozens of research had been funded for the development of energy efficient household devices. But no matter how efficient those gadgets are they still consume power. The best solution is self discpline. We must how to limit our usage of appliances and be able to turn off unused lights and other electrical equipments.
I recently created a website and researched how much money we waste on average by living like we normally do. So I gathered up as many tips as I could that show how anyone can greatly reduce the amount of energy they consume and save a lot of money.
What is the problem, California is "on the top on the environmental movement", get on the stick and stick it to the utilities and retailers to recycle the bulbs!! Buy one, recycle one and wrap it into the cost of purchase. My 7th graders just got the 6 Puget Sound McLendon's to join the Puget Sound Take It back Network, it can't be that hard for a bunch of committed California types to do this. Let's go and get off your duffs!
The reason LED's are not being mass produced is because they last forever! No replacements. Bad for business.
I hope someone starts manufacturing them. The first to do it will make the others follow suit. Supply and demand. Is there enough presure from the consumer?
It's the same as with car manufacturers, when the pressure for efficiency builds up, they suddenly come up with an "innovation" to keep people happy. They are not stupid, if a technology is not going to make them money on the sale and aftermarket (or consume other products like fuel) why bother?
I am looking for some plans/schematics to create a display that shows the difference between an incandescent and a CFL. Any ideas?
This is a good idea but money could have been better spent on geothermal. It is more likely to last longer than the life of a bulb.
I really appreciates these kind of programs. they feel the problem which will we all faces in our future. want to say good luck to California School Project, carry on,.
On a odd little note: Tesla coils energy and relight any compact fluorescent bulb. Depending on how efficient and how much energy the coils use determines energy use. I got one of the coils from a cheap Wal Mart lightning globe and used it on some burnt out light. It worked to some extent lighting my room some but It need a better ground to get more energy and light out.
This is an efficient innovation. This saves energy than incandescent bulbs.
STEINEL Occupancy & Motion Sensors / Lights with inbuilt sensor.
Primarily sensors are used for energy conservation which we believe would be widely welcomed for various applications in common areas like: Toilets, Car Parks, Lobbies, Corridors, Cabins, warehouse etc..
Principally, these sensors operate on human presence and ambient light conditions and have the capability to handle multiple electrical fixtures with a single sensor installation. You can even control your Air-conditions using these sensors.
C-501, Remi Bizcourt, 9, Shah Ind Estate, V.D Road, Andheri (w), Mum - 53.
this is a great project for the science class, im going to use this idea, I think its going to be awesome!!!!
A lot has changed in the lighting industry since the late 19th century when Thomas Edison invented the means to conduct light electrically through a bulb. Through decades of technological advances, the world at large is in a position today to gradually phase out incandescent, standard light bulbs and adopt new, more energy efficient means of lighting their environments.
This is indeed a wonderful idea. If we will be able to eliminate the use of CFL's, imagine how much we can save on power. Not to mention that there are green.


17.7 gram 22 kt Twisted Rope Style Gold Necklace | ??
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The new iPad is hot, in sales and actual temperature
Molly Wood Mar 22, 2012
https://www.marketplace.org/2012/03/22/new-ipad-hot-sales-and-actual-temperature/
Soon after the new iPad hit the street, reports started coming in that the device got a lot hotter than anyone was expecting. Not talking figuratively here, I mean the actual temperature on the device. The reports were sporadic but consistent. Now, Consumer Reports has stepped in and done some actual testing in a scientific lab to see exactly what's going on.
"When we subjected the new iPad and the iPad 2 to a test of running a fairly sophisticated and demanding action video game for 45 minutes, it got up to temps that are fairly warm, fairly hot," reports Paul Reynolds, electronics editor for Consumer Reports. "The new iPad does indeed run hotter than the iPad 2, and that validates some of the comments and concerns we picked up from consumers on forums online, comments on blog posts, etc."
Reynolds measured the new iPad at 116 degrees maximum, hotter by 12 degrees than the iPad 2. He says it's not dangerous. "This is not a temperature that will demonstrably cause any damage to skin, any burning," he says. "It is however something that is potentially uncomfortable if you're holding the device where the hottest areas occur and it's not evenly distributed on the device."
That game they tested it on, by the way? "Infinity Blade II."
The new iPad isn't just literally hot, it's figuratively hot as well. Three million units sold in the opening weekend, blowing way past all expectations. The iPad dominates the tablet market right now.
And that makes you wonder, will it eventually be the only tablet available or will you have more choices? Anytime you look at smart electronics that aren't on the Apple platform, you have to look at the Android platform.
"The Android tablets that have done well to date are tablets that don't really look like Android, specifically Amazon's Kindle Fire and Barnes and Noble's Nook tablet," says IDC analyst Tom Mainelli.
The devices he's talking about both run on Android, but it's buried deep within the code on the machine and not something you're likely to recognize from, say, an Android phone.
"The main reason (for the popularity) is that both Amazon and Barnes and Noble knew exactly who they were going after," Mainelli says. "They were going after content consumers, and they created an interface that makes it easy to get to the books, the movies, and the music that people want to get to on these devices."
But remember: before there was an Android competitor, the iPhone was pretty dominant as well and now it tends to trail the Android in sales.
"Just as Android phones have caught up and surpassed the iPhone in terms of pure numbers," says Mainelli, "Android tablets will likely do the same thing in a few years based almost entirely on the fact that we have dozens of vendors creating these devices. I took a quick look at our data, and we're currently tracking nearly 60 Android media tablet vendors and Apple's the only one creating the iPad."
Also on this program, saddle up for the Robot Roundup. Meet jellyfish robots, robots that patrol the rainforest, and robots that go to work at Amazon.com.
Apple expected to put iPads back in the spotlight
Why inflation hits harder, depending on who you are
Sending money to another country is a lot easier than it used to be
Apple opens up devices for DIY repairs
Apple looks to build on strong end to 2020
New device detects texting while driving, but is it legal?
Robot Roundup

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Attorney General Bonta Releases 2021 Hate Crime Report, Highlights Resources to Support Efforts to Combat Hate
Attorney General Bonta Releases 2021 Hate Crime Report, High…
Amidst surge in reported hate crimes, Attorney General urges local partners across California to recommit themselves to taking action
Announces creation of a statewide hate crime coordinator position within the California Department of Justice
SACRAMENTO – California Attorney General Rob Bonta today released the 2021 Hate Crime in California Report and highlighted information and resources to support ongoing efforts across the state to combat hate. At 1,763 bias events in 2021, overall hate crimes reported in California increased 32.6% from 2020 to 2021 and are at their highest reported level since 2001. Reported hate crimes targeting Black people remain the most prevalent and increased 12.5% from 456 in 2020 to 513 in 2021, while reported anti-Asian hate crime events once again increased dramatically, rising 177.5% from 2020 to 2021, and reported hate crimes involving a sexual orientation bias also increased significantly, rising 47.8% from 2020 to 2021. Amidst this surge in reported hate crime events, Attorney General Bonta urges local partners and law enforcement to review the resources highlighted today and to recommit themselves to taking action. The Attorney General continues to convene law enforcement, elected leaders, and community organizations at the local level across the state to help increase awareness around available resources and strengthen responses to hate crime in California. In addition, today, Attorney General Bonta is formally announcing the creation of a statewide hate crime coordinator position within the California Department of Justice's Criminal Law Division in order to further assist state and local law enforcement efforts to combat hate crime.
"Today's report undeniably shows that the epidemic of hate we saw spurred on during the pandemic remains a clear and present threat," said Attorney General Bonta. "In fact, reported hate crime has reached a level we haven't seen in California since the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11. As our state's top law enforcement officer, I will continue to use the full authority of my office to fight back. We will keep working with our local law enforcement partners and community organizations to make sure every Californian feels seen, heard, and protected. While there is no single solution, it's up to all of us to heed the call, because when our communities feel empowered, they come forward. Now, more than ever, it is critical that we stand united — there is no place for hate in California."
The California Department of Justice has collected and reported statewide data on hate crimes since 1995. Under California law, a hate crime is a criminal act committed in whole or in part because of a victim's actual or perceived disability, gender, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with someone with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics. Hate crimes are distinct from hate incidents, which are actions or behaviors motivated by hate that may be protected by the First Amendment right to freedom of expression. Examples of hate incidents include name-calling, insults, and distributing hate material in public places. If a hate incident starts to threaten a person or property, it may become a hate crime. Historically, hate crime data has generally been underreported and the California Department of Justice recognizes that the data presented in its reports may not adequately reflect the actual number of hate crime events that have occurred in the state. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the total number of hate crime events reported in 2021 is the sixth highest ever recorded and the highest since hate crime events skyrocketed in 2001 in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11.
Some of the key findings from the 2021 Hate Crime in California Report include:
Overall, reported hate crime events increased 32.6% from 1,330 in 2020 to 1,763 in 2021;
Anti-Black bias events were the most prevalent, increasing 12.5% from 456 in 2020 to 513 in 2021;
Hate crime events motivated by a sexual orientation bias increased 47.8% from 205 in 2020 to 303 in 2021;
Anti-Asian bias events increased 177.5% from 89 in 2020 to 247 in 2021;
Anti-Hispanic or Latino bias events increased 29.6% from 152 in 2020 to 197 in 2021;
Among hate crime events involving a religious bias, anti-Jewish bias events were the most prevalent and increased 32.2% from 115 in 2020 to 152 in in 2021; and
From 2020 to 2021, the number of cases filed for prosecution by district attorneys and elected city attorneys involving hate crime charges increased by 30.1%.
In 2021, Attorney General Bonta issued a series of reports, guidance, and resources to help the public and law enforcement better understand and address hate crimes in California. Given the ongoing challenge presented by hate crime, the Attorney General urges leaders across the state and members of the public to review and make use of these important resources, which include a law enforcement bulletin summarizing applicable civil and criminal hate crime laws, guidance to prosecutors to help strengthen prosecution and enforcement, and brochures and fact sheets in more than two dozen languages to assist Californians in identifying and responding to hate crime events. Last year, Attorney General Bonta also released a special report on anti-Asian hate crimes during the pandemic, which offers important context and analysis regarding the recent increases in anti-Asian hate crime events.
Ahead of the release of last year's report, Attorney General Bonta launched the Racial Justice Bureau, which, among other things, supports the California Department of Justice's broader mandate to advance the civil rights of all Californians by assisting with new and ongoing efforts to combat hate and bias. Since last year, the Attorney General has also engaged with local leaders through roundtables in San Francisco, Oakland, Sacramento, San Diego, Riverside, Long Beach, Santa Ana, and San Jose. More broadly, the Attorney General is deeply committed to responding to the needs of historically marginalized and underrepresented communities and, last year, also launched the Office of Community Awareness, Response, and Engagement to work directly with community organizations and members of the public as part of the effort to advance justice for all Californians.
Members of the public can further explore the most recent hate crime data on OpenJustice.
A copy of the 2021 Hate Crime in California report is available here.


In the tale of King Cormac and King Conn it is said that those who are born with a strong connection to the Ocean do not sleep well while on land. In fact, those who are magically empowered by the Ocean may never sleep at all, as was the case of King Conn. The sound of the waves filled his mind, leaving room for little else.
When we don't dream, waking life becomes a dream. Conn's day-dream was a dark one of deprivation, it permeated his kingdom and created suffering for all his people and the land itself. Until he made peace with his other side, the Otter in him that was deeply connected to the Ocean, he existed in a gray limbo that infused all around him with a withering sorrow.
I understand how the Ocean may be the Mother of all our dreams. When I'm submerged beneath the waves, rocked in her great body, I feel as if the world of dreams is surrounding me. If I turn just the right way, at the right moment, the veils will drop and I'll soar into the limitless terrain of Dreamtime. Perhaps to live in the Ocean is to never need sleep – for you are a part of that which is ecstatic and essential.
The waking world can become a place of horrors for those of us who cannot sleep peacefully. A recent Rolling Stone article, "Kill Team", details the nightmare journey a group of US soldiers took which led them ultimately into a world where murdering children, clerics, and elders was the right thing to do.
Their waking nightmare was woven together by many people, over many years, with a few ring leaders making the final stitches necessary to turn insanity into reality. It was not the overwhelming sound of the Ocean filling their minds, but the murderous din of warfare that drove them. No human being can endure such cacophony unharmed.
Like Cormac and Conn it is a tale of life out of balance, of a need to awaken from a bizarre illusion. Balance is restored when Conn's head is removed, and the rightful heir to the thrown ascends. Tom Cowan teaches about this theme in Celtic lore, he's developed some sacred work called "The Beheading Game", which I wrote about some time ago: The Beheading Game – of Suffering and Sovereignty. He's discovered a magical way of restoring wellness by cutting off that which is ill and allowing it to be remade.
When we lose our Sovereignty we bring illness to every aspect of our lives. Sovereignty is not only our sense of empowerment/personal authority, its our connection to life. Ultimately it is the experience of moving through life in harmony with the Earth. Loss of Sovereignty leaves us vulnerable to illness and mental instability. We would not make the wars we make if we hadn't already lost our true Sovereignty as a people.
The Kill Team's nightmare is really our nightmare, the waking dream of a people disconnected from an authentic source of nourishment in life. We chase after oil reserves in far flung places, putting our children and the children of people we've never even met in harms way. We are a nation that cannot dream, cannot rest, cannot find its center of peace. We are in a gray limbo where everything can only deteriorate.
How are we to find our healing? Who will be our champion – beheading the illness and restoring Sovereignty to all? Conn first must awaken from the illusion of his Royal ancestry. He is not the son a human king, but in fact the son of the Otter King. Shaking off his illusion he can finally return to the Ocean where he sleeps for the first time. While he sleeps he's beheaded, serving as the necessary sacrifice to return harmony to all.
What illusion is it that we must awaken from? What throne are we pretenders to? We'll know the truth when we awaken to our other nature, the one we've been hiding from while decline permeates the land. It will allow us to sleep peacefully again, to dream the dreams we need to have to stay sane. It will allow abundance to return to the people again, and our sons and daughters to return from the insanity of war.


I have a friend named Monty Roberts who owns a horse ranch in San Isidro. He has let me use his house to put on fund-raising events to raise money for youth at risk programs.
The last time I was there he introduced me by saying, "I want to tell you why I let Jack use my horse. It all goes back to a story about a young man who was the son of an itinerant horse trainer who would go from stable to stable, race track to race track, farm to farm and ranch to ranch, training horses. As a result, the boy's high school career was continually interrupted. When he was a senior, he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up.
"That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote about his dream in great detail and he even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch, showing the location of all the buildings, the stables and the track. Then he drew a detailed floor plan for a 4,000-square-foot house that would sit on a 200-acre dream ranch.
"The boy went home and thought about it long and hard. He asked his father what he should do. His father said, `Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it is a very important decision for you.' "Finally, after sitting with it for a week, the boy turned in the same paper, making no changes at all.
He stated, "You can keep the F and I'll keep my dream."
Monty then turned to the assembled group and said, "I tell you this story because you are sitting in my 4,000-square-foot house in the middle of my 200-acre horse ranch. I still have that school paper framed over the fireplace." He added, "The best part of the story is that two summers ago that same schoolteacher brought 30 kids to camp out on my ranch for a week." When the teacher was leaving, he said, "Look, Monty, I can tell you this now. When I was your teacher, I was something of a dream stealer. During those years I stole a lot of kids' dreams. Fortunately you had enough gumption not to give up on yours."
Moral: Don't let anyone steal your dreams. Follow your heart, no matter what. No Dream is too big or too small when one works hard to live it. One should always try making dreams come true no matter what.


I really enjoyed the Dustin Lynch show at Whitewater. He came out like a rock band, and they really hit it hard for a few songs. They even played some rock songs in the middle of the set!
This is a two show weekend, with Dylan Scott on Friday night, and Cole Swindell and Dustin Lynch Saturday night.
On Friday, October 19th, I got to take photos for the Dylan Scott concert at Cowboys Dancehall in San Antonio for the radio station.
I'm going to be doing a lot more photography for work in the near future, so I need to brush up on my skills. I don't have many to brush up on, so I will be learning to take better photos. I won't say good, yet.
I headed back to my friends Pete and Holly, and spent some more time with them over the weekend, and then hopped over to DFW for a flight to the great white north.
My last evening in Houston, it was time to figure out where I wanted to go next. George had a work trip planned for Corpus Christi, and that seemed like a fun place to head!
Next up for my travels, another planned destination. I only had four places I scheduled myself to be.
Leaving Dallas took me south, to another one of my planned stops. I have a friend down there, and I haven't seen him since he left El Paso, about six years ago.
Okay, so maybe the end of the previous blog was a big "click-baity", since I already knew where I wanted to end up for the weekend.
There's a great music city that sometimes gets forgotten by a lot of people, and I must admit, I haven't thought about it in a while.
Finally made it to Ikea, and get to try the famous Swedish meatballs. Tasty. And had to get the Choklad Mörk, since I'm a huge Robin Williams fan.


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Q: Can someone help me with this Minecraft command? /scoreboard players tag @a flowerpot {SelectedItem:[{id:"minecraft:flower_pot",tag:{display:{Lore:["Işınlayan Saksı"}]}}}]

I writing this command but not working.
What is the problem?

A: The syntax of /scoreboard players tag is:
/scoreboard players tag <player> <add|remove|list> <tagName> [dataTag]

You are missing add before flowerpot.

SelectedItem should be a compound tag (curly brackets) rather than a list (square brackets).
There's also some other issues with your closing brackets, such as trying to close Lore:[ with } rather than ].

The fixed command should be:
/scoreboard players tag @a add flowerpot {SelectedItem:{id:"minecraft:flower_pot",tag:{display:{Lore:["Işınlayan Saksı"]}}}}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange