text:
In re Contreras
People v. Dotson
They are in the nature of guardianship proceedings in which the state as parens patriae seeks to relieve the…
In re Macidon
( In re Edwards, supra, 208 Cal. 725, 733-734 and 736; In re Singer, supra, 134 Cal.App.2d 547, 550-551; In…
Full title:In re LUPE CARDENAS CONTRERAS, a Minor
Court:Court of Appeal of California, Second District, Division One
Court of Appeal of California, Second District, Division One
Docket No. 4700.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County sitting as a juvenile court, declaring a minor a ward thereof and committing him to the Youth Authority. William B. McKesson, Judge. Order reversed.
Ibanez Snider and Richard A. Ibanez for Appellant.
No appearance for Respondent.
WHITE, P.J.
This is an appeal by the above named minor and his mother, Maria Luisa Contreras, from an order of the superior court sitting in separate session as a juvenile court, declaring the aforesaid minor a ward thereof and committing him to the Youth Authority of the State of California and denying a motion to vacate and set aside the aforesaid order.
The original order declared said minor to be a person coming within the provisions of section 700m of the Welfare and Institutions Code in that, on March 19, 1951, he "committed an assault upon the person of Henry Davila with a deadly weapon or instrument or by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury."
The findings and judgment set forth that the alleged assault was committed in the following manner: "Minor participated in a gang fight, accompanied with other minors, in which said victim received a stab wound in the stomach inflicted by sharp-edged instrument, and also received several abrasions about the face and head as a result of being kicked and beaten."
After finding "that minor's welfare requires that his custody be taken from his mother," the judgment directed that said minor be committed to the Youth Authority of the State of California.
On this appeal it is contended that the evidence fails to support the judgment declaring the minor herein a ward of the juvenile court and committing him to the Youth Authority.
The record reflects that in this proceeding five boys, including the minor Lupe Cardenas Contreras, were charged with engaging in a "gang" fight during the course of which one Henry Davila was stabbed with a knife and otherwise set upon and beaten.
It appears that at the hearing in the juvenile court, proceedings were first had as to Salvadore Gill, one of the boys accused with the minor herein. These proceedings were had outside the presence of the minor with whom we are here concerned. Gill gave no testimony involving Contreras, whereupon the mother of the former, and Probate Officer Sorkin advised the court that the witness was "afraid" and "reluctant" to testify. The judge then said to the minor Gill, "I am not going to tell any of these boys I got any information out of you. You don't need to worry about that. You can tell us anything you want to tell us. I also want you to know we already know what you told the officers, but we are not going to tell the rest of the boys that you told us anything. We are interested in finding out all we can about this matter so we can make sure we have the right guy and not the wrong fellows are accused in this difficulty. Let's get the record straight."
With these assurances, the witness continued but did not incriminate Contreras. Officer McAuliffe, however, testified that the witness Gill had theretofore told him, "He thought if anybody stabbed Davila, it was Contreras." Producing a miniature baseball bat, the officer further testified, "When Contreras was arrested . . . he had this . . . I believe it was Salvadore (Gill) who saw somebody with something like this." Gill denied making this statement. [1a] Contreras, the minor herein, denied any participation in the fracas, stating that on the night in question he was riding in an automobile with two boys, Richard Marques and Frank Chavez. Both of these boys corroborated this statement but admitted having told Probation Officer Sorkin to the contrary, contending that they did so because of threats made against them by other boys.
Henry Davila, victim of the assault, testified that eight or nine boys "jumped" on him as he was on his way to a drugstore. Salvadore Gill was the only one the victim recognized. With reference to the minor herein, the victim testified, "I know him by looks and everything, but I didn't see him that night. Maybe he was there, and maybe he was not; I don't know." (Italics added.)
Following this testimony Officer McAuliffe testified that the victim had previously told him, "I think Contreras (the minor herein) cut me, he was the one who used the knife . . . it was Contreras who was on top of me, I am pretty sure that he is the one that used the knife . . . I'll get them when I get out." The officer also testified that "anyone that was mentioned by anybody was apprehended."
Section 736 of the Welfare and Institutions Code provides than "An order adjudging a person to be a ward of the juvenile court shall not be deemed to be a conviction of crime." In consonance therewith it has been held that issues presented to the juvenile court may be determined upon the preponderance of the evidence ( Matter of Cannon, 27 Cal.App. 549, 553 [ 150 P. 794]). In the instant proceeding the minor was not represented by counsel upon the hearing at which he was adjudged a ward of the court. A reading of the transcript of the testimony taken immediately suggests the probability that had the minor been represented by counsel considerable of the evidence given would have been excluded through timely objections.
While the juvenile court law provides that adjudication of a minor to be a ward of the court shall not be deemed to be a conviction of crime, nevertheless, for all practical purposes, this is a legal fiction, presenting a challenge to credulity and doing violence to reason. Courts cannot and will not shut their eyes and ears to everyday contemporary happenings.
It is common knowledge that such an adjudication when based upon a charge of committing an act that amounts to a felony, is a blight upon the character of and is a serious impediment to the future of such minor. Let him attempt to enter the armed services of his country or obtain a position of honor and trust and he is immediately confronted with his juvenile court record. And further, as in this case, the minor is taken from his family, deprived of his liberty and confined in a state institution. True, the design of the Juvenile Court Act is intended to be salutary, and every effort should be made to further its legitimate purpose, but never should it be made an instrument for the denial to a minor of a constitutional right or of a guarantee afforded by law to an adult. Regardless of the provisions of section 736 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, the fact remains that the minor herein was taken from the custody of his parents, deprived of his liberty and ordered confined in a state institution.
As was said in In re Hill, 78 Cal.App. 23, 27 [ 247 P. 591], with reference to proceedings in the juvenile court: "And so, while the exact truth should be searched out and all mere technicalities of procedure as distinguished from the rules which protect substantial rights should be disregarded, the regular processes of the law provided to produce evidence, and the ordinary rules established to aid courts in testing and weighing it, are not scrapped because the proceeding is a summary one." In the instant case there can be no doubt that had the minor herein been an adult, an indictment or information filed against him, under the evidence here present, would have been set aside on motion under section 995 of the Penal Code.
Surely, a minor charged in the juvenile court with acts denounced by law as a felony does not have lesser constitutional, statutory rights or guarantees than are afforded an adult under similar circumstances in the superior court. The record herein is barren of sufficient legal evidence to establish even reasonable or probable cause of the minor's guilt, and he should have been returned to his family, an institution that has ever been recognized as the foundation of society, and the sanctity of which the law has always upheld. A charge against a minor resulting in his removal from the custody of his parents cannot be regarded lightly, and such action is not justified unless facts be shown by evidence, the verity of which has been carefully and legally tested. We find nothing in the juvenile court law that attempts to impose any unlawful restraint upon personal liberty. In practically all of the cases affecting juvenile court proceedings that have come to our attention, the minor has admitted the charge lodged against him and the only problem presented to the court was how to best guide and control the minor with a view to his rehabilitation and further development. In the case at bar however, the minor emphatically and at all times denied his alleged delinquency. Under such circumstances his liberty should not be taken from his until his guilt of the charges lodged against him was established by legal evidence. That however praiseworthy, according to the viewpoint of the individual, may be the motives of the juvenile court, that tribunal may not impinge upon the legal rights of one brought before it is emphatically set forth in In re Tahbel, 46 Cal.App. 755, 760, 761, 762, 763 [ 189 P. 804]; In In re Hill, supra, pp. 26, 27, 28; and in In re Rauch, 103 Cal.App.2d 690, 698 [ 230 P.2d 115]. In the final analysis the juvenile court is a judicial institution.
If it be true, as some of the hearsay and legally inadmissible evidence indicates, that the minor herein may have been connected with the "gang" fight in question, and possibly unfortunate that a rehearing should be required, nevertheless, consequences fraught with far greater evil would inevitably result from the sanction of individual abuses of the character here presented.
[2] Even though, as held in some of the cases, the quantum of proof necessary to sustain an order declaring a minor a ward of the juvenile court is not the same as in a criminal proceeding affecting an adult ( In re Dargo, 81 Cal.App.2d 205 [ 183 P.2d 282], and cases therein cited), it cannot seriously be contended that the constitutional guarantee of due process of law does not extend to minors as well as to adults.
[1b] When the motion to set aside the order committing the minor to the Youth Authority was made, several letters were presented attesting to his good character and reputation. These letters have been brought here on this appeal. One from the principal of the school attended by the minor stated in part, "My principal contact with Lupe was on the playground during noon and after-school hours. Here he always exhibited good sportsmanship, good judgment and self control. He was honest and fair in all his dealings with fellow players, and was liked and respected by everyone. He showed definite leadership qualities and I confidently anticipated a successful future for the lad.
"I had a liking for Lupe and am very much surprised and concerned that he is involved in any kind of trouble."
Another letter from the school vice-principal contained the following: "Lupe's disciplinary record in my office shows that he had been sent in for minor class room disturbances only twice during the year and one half he was here.
"The following statements from two of his teachers may also be significant as to Lupe's true character:
"`Not a bad kid — worked well for me. He lacks initiative and followed the wrong crowd.' Phys. Ed. Teacher.
"`Not a disciplinary case, but just not much work.' English Teacher.
"On the whole, I would say that we did not find Lupe to be a disciplinary problem at Garfield High School. I hope this letter may be of some value in helping Lupe."
Other similar and complimentary letters were written by a former teacher of the minor as well as by neighbors of his family.
We are persuaded that in denying the motion to vacate and set aside its order committing the minor herein to the Youth Authority of the State of California, the juvenile court abused its discretion. The motion should have been granted thereby enabling said minor, with the aid of counsel, to properly prepare and present a defense to the charges preferred against him.
For the foregoing reasons, the order of June 7, 1951, denying the motion to vacate and set aside the previous order declaring said minor a ward of the juvenile court and committing him to the Youth Authority of the State of California is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to the court below sitting in separate session as a juvenile court, to grant said motion.
Doran, J., and Drapeau, J., concurred.


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Acanthocercus branchi is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. It is a small lizard found in Zambia.

References

Acanthocercus
Reptiles described in 2012
Reptiles of Zambia
Taxa named by Philipp Wagner
Taxa named by Eli Greenbaum
Taxa named by Aaron M. Bauer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Rocks soil and minerals – it sounds like you are back in 8th grade science at school – but now all that great information about rocks soil and minerals is going to come back and help you understand more about the most vital component of your homestead – the material in which you want to grow your fruit trees, hay, vegetables and more.
The soil minerals component of our soil is so important but often overlooked as we strive to improve our soils through adding organic material via composting. But it is the soil minerals that provides most of the vital elements needed for plant growth.
To understand soil minerals means we need to have a basic understanding of the rocks that underly our farms. Most of the time these rocks are not seen as they have a layer of soil and/or vegetation on top of them. And the rocks you find on your place may be "visitors" that travelled in glaciers and were dumped there during the last ice age. This is especially true in the upper states of the USA and into Canada. No matter what the situation is, you should check around and see what rocks you can find on your farm.
All these rocks are made up of a mix of the common minerals.
Quartz, Felspars, Mica, Amphibole, Pyroxene, Olivine and Calcite. And there are then a splattering of minor minerals.
So combining these two pieces of information together it works like this. If you you live in an area where granite is the dominate rock type (a rock containing quartz, feldspar and mica), you will find your well developed soils contain quartz grains and clays. In less developed soil, it will appear sandy as the feldspars may not yet broken down into clays. The soil will contain potassium, sodium and calcium.
The best way to find out what rocks you have in your area is to visit your national or state's Geological Survey. To find those in the USA go here (http://www.stategeologists.org/). They will have maps (many online) and advice to help you discover whats under your feet.
From 2007 to 2009 the USGS began sampling soils in the lower United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. They took samples at a depth to 2 inches (5 centimeters)..basically to represent the A horizon in the soil, and a deeper sample at around 3 feet (1 meter) to test the lower soil profile (C horizon). They then analyzed these samples and created this amazing maps for the major minerals in your soil.
Below are some of the major soil minerals. You can click on the link for the interactive maps – you can see the C horizon samples as well as overlays of geology etc.
Feldspars come in two major types – potassium rich feldspars (such as the oink Orthoclase) and Sodium-Calcium rich feldspars (the Plagioclase minerals). The USGS have separated these.
Dolomite is a magnesium rich carbonate.
Thanks Adam for the feedback. I can make some changes to see if I can block these forms of adverts.
All my contact details are in the About us section – including my direct email.


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ManufacturersNewsOther
Luna Park Sydney to Construct World's First Launched Single-Rail Coaster as Part of $30 Million Transformation
By Behind the Thrills StaffNov 24, 2020, 03:55 am
Photo Courtesy Luna Park Sydney
Luna Park Sydney unveiled today a $30 million plan to update and refresh one of Australia's best known and most loved destinations, including the installations of new rides and attractions. The park will be constructing nine new thrill rides, including "Big Dipper," the world's first Intamin Hot Racer coaster.
This significant upgrade will transform the 85-year-old park into a world-class amusement venue fit for the 21st century. "This investment will attract more people to Sydney and ensure that Luna Park continues providing joy and excitement to millions of families and children for the next 85 years and beyond," said Tourism Minister Stuart Ayres. "An investment of this size is great news for all of Sydney as it will create hundreds of jobs, help boost local tourism, and assist in the economic recovery of NSW post-COVID-19."
The new rides include six new children's rides; a family coaster; a thrill ride; and the Big Dipper coaster. "The new Big Dipper is a state-of-the-art 'one seat wide' train that is smaller than the original Big Dipper at Luna Park. It has been specifically designed to ride very low to the terrain where appropriate, in harmony with the historic landscape features of the site," said Peter Hearne, Managing Director of Luna Park Sydney.
Swiss roller coaster manufacturer Intamin originally released concept art for its Hot Racer coaster model at the IAAPA convention in July 2020. The coaster features a single-rail track design combined with launches, inversions, close-to-ground thrill maneuvres, and an open seating position. This will be the world's first installation of the new Intamin model.
Luna Park Sydney park will close for its transformation on January 27, 2021 and re-open in mid-June, according to park officials.
Stay tuned for more from Luna Park Sydney, and be sure to get social with us on Facebook and follow along with us on Twitter @BehindThrills for the latest updates!
TAGamusement park hair raiser luna park sydney Intamin loona park luna Luna Park luna park rides luna park sydney luna park sydney (amusement park) luna park sydney new for 2021 rides luna park sydney new roller coaster luna park sydney review luna park sydney rides luna park sydney the big dipper luna park sydney. vlog luna park sydney. vlog (2019) lunar park park rotor luna park sydney 2020 pov onride Single Rail single rail coaster sydney sydney harbour sydney luna park theme park vivid sydney 2019 luna park
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New for '22: Two New Theme Parks Opening Next Year!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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PRESS RELEASE May 1, 2008
Purchase New Movies on iTunes Same Day as DVD Release
CUPERTINO, California—May 1, 2008—Apple® today announced that new movie releases from major film studios and premier independent studios are available for purchase on the iTunes® Store (www.itunes.com) on the same day as their DVD release. New releases and catalog titles will be available from 20th Century Fox, The Walt Disney Studios, Warner Bros., Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios Home Entertainment, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Lionsgate, Image Entertainment and First Look Studios. Movies purchased from iTunes can be viewed on an iPod® with video, iPhone™, Mac® or PC or on a widescreen TV with Apple TV®, with new releases priced at $14.99 and most catalog titles at $9.99.
"We're thrilled to bring iTunes Store customers new films for purchase day-and-date with the DVD release," said Eddy Cue, Apple's vice president of iTunes. "We think movie fans will love being able to buy their favorites from major and independent studios."
New releases available for purchase on the iTunes Store this week, concurrent with their DVD release, include "American Gangster" and "The Diving Bell and the Butterfly." Other popular titles now available for purchase include "Juno," "Cloverfield," "I Am Legend," "There Will Be Blood," "Alvin and the Chipmunks" and "Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story."
The iTunes Store is the world's most popular online music, TV and movie store with a catalog of over six million songs, 600 TV shows and over 1,500 films including 200 in stunning high definition video. With Apple's legendary ease of use, pioneering features such as new iTunes Movie Rentals, integrated podcasting support, iMix playlist sharing, the ability to turn previously purchased tracks into complete albums at a reduced price, and seamless integration with iPod and iPhone, the iTunes Store is the best way for Mac and PC users to legally discover, purchase and download music and video online.
Movie purchases and rentals from the iTunes Store for Mac or Windows require iTunes 7.6.2, available as a free download immediately from www.itunes.com. iTunes movie purchases and rentals require a valid credit card with a billing address in the country of purchase. iTunes Movies are available in the US only and are $9.99 (US) for library title purchases and $14.99 (US) for new release purchases and $2.99 (US) for library title rentals and $3.99 (US) for new release rentals, and high definition rental versions are priced just one dollar more with library title rentals at $3.99 (US) and new release rentals at $4.99 (US). Short films are available to rent for 99 cents (US). Movies can be previewed, purchased and watched on iPod classic, iPod nano with video, iPod touch, iPhone and on a widescreen TV with Apple TV.
Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the mobile phone market with its revolutionary iPhone.
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text:
Pharyngochromis – rodzaj słodkowodnych ryb okoniokształtnych z rodziny pielęgnicowatych (Cichlidae). Jest blisko spokrewniony z Sargochromis.

Występowanie
Rzeka Zambezi w Afryce.

Klasyfikacja
Gatunki zaliczane do tego rodzaju:

 Pharyngochromis acuticeps

Przypisy

Haplochromini


Home LIFE & STYLE	Meatless Monday: Bringing the heat!
Now I know that seeing so many ingredients may look a little intimidating—but trust me, this soup is super easy to make. It's also great for meal prep since it freezes really nicely.
Basically, all you have to do is toss all the veggies together in a pot. This means all the bell peppers, onions, mushrooms, and jalapenos. Add in the garlic, sriracha, ginger, broth, coconut milk, brown sugar, and soy sauce.
Bring this to a boil, and then put a lid partway over the pot, with enough of a gap for the steam to vent. Reduce the heat to about medium and let it cook for 10 minutes. By the end the veggies should be a little crispy, but slightly wilted.
Remove from the heat, then stir in the cream and lime juice.
Garnish with a sprinkling of chopped green onions. You can also garnish it with cilantro—if you don't find it absolutely disgusting like I do.


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Glacier Melting event report
Category: Glacier Melting
Continent: North-America
State: State of Alaska
Area: Juneau area
Global warming conjures images of rising seas that threaten coastal areas. But in Juneau, as almost nowhere else in the world, climate change is having the opposite effect: As the glaciers here melt, the land is rising, causing the sea to retreat. Morgan DeBoer, a property owner, opened a nine-hole golf course at the mouth of Glacier Bay in 1998, on land that was underwater when his family first settled here 50 years ago. "The highest tides of the year would come into what is now my driving range area," Mr. DeBoer said. Now, with the high-tide line receding even farther, he is contemplating adding another nine holes. "It just keeps rising," he said. The geology is complex, but it boils down to this: Relieved of billions of tons of glacial weight, the land has risen much as a cushion regains its shape after someone gets up from a couch. The land is ascending so fast that the rising seas — a ubiquitous byproduct of global warming — cannot keep pace. As a result, the relative sea level is falling, at a rate "among the highest ever recorded," according to a 2007 report by a panel of experts convened by Mayor Bruce Botelho of Juneau. Greenland and a few other places have experienced similar effects from widespread glacial melting that began more than 200 years ago, geologists say. But, they say, the effects are more noticeable in and near Juneau, where most glaciers are retreating 30 feet a year or more. As a result, the region faces unusual environmental challenges. As the sea level falls relative to the land, water tables fall, too, and streams and wetlands dry out. Land is emerging from the water to replace the lost wetlands, shifting property boundaries and causing people to argue about who owns the acreage and how it should be used. And meltwater carries the sediment scoured long ago by the glaciers to the coast, where it clouds the water and silts up once-navigable channels. A few decades ago, large boats could sail regularly along Gastineau Channel between Downtown Juneau and Douglas Island, to Auke Bay, a port about 10 miles to the northwest. Today, much of the channel is exposed mudflat at low tide. "There is so much sediment coming in from the Mendenhall Glacier and the rivers — it has basically silted in," said Bruce Molnia, a geologist at the United States Geological Survey who studies Alaskan glaciers. Already, people can wade across the channel at low tide — or race across it, as they do in the Mendenhall Mud Run. At low tide, the navigation buoys rest on mud. Eventually, as the land rises and the channel silts up, Douglas Island will be linked to the mainland by dry land, said Eran Hood, a hydrologist at the University of Alaska Southeast and an author of the 2007 report, "Climate Change: Predicted Impacts on Juneau." When that happens, Dr. Hood said, the Mendenhall Wetlands State Game Refuge, 4,000 acres of boggy habitat, will be lost. "That wetland will have nowhere else to go," he said. In some places along the coast, the change has been so rapid that kayakers whose charts are not up-to-the-minute can find themselves carrying their boats over shoals that are now so high and dry they now support grass or even small trees. In and around Juneau, "you can walk around and see what was underwater is turning into grassland and eventually into forest," Dr. Hood said. The topographical changes have threatened crucial ecosystems and even locally vital species like salmon. "The lifeblood of our region has been salmon species and their return — and what is the impact when they return and the streams are dry?" said Mayor Botelho, who was born and raised in Juneau. "The salmon is bound to our identity as a region, who we are." He said he did not think that any species were in imminent danger, but added, "Anyone who is following climate change has to see that there are risks, perhaps great ones." Dr. Hood said many people in Juneau had hoped to maintain a waterway called Duck Creek as a salmon stream. But small streams like that "appear to be drying out," he said. "There are a lot of people in town saying, Let's just let it return to a greenway." Relative to the sea, land here has risen as much as 10 feet in little more than 200 years, according to the 2007 report. As global warming accelerates, the land will continue to rise, perhaps three more feet by 2100, scientists say. The rise is further fueled by the movement of the tectonic plates that form the earth's crust. As the Pacific plate pushes under the North American plate, Juneau and its hilly Tongass National Forest environs rise still more. "When you combine tectonics and glacial readjustment, you get rates that are incomprehensible," Dr. Molnia said. In Gustavus, where Mr. DeBoer's property is, the land is rising almost three inches a year, Dr. Molnia said, making it "the fastest-rising place in North America." In addition to expanding the golf course, Mr. DeBoer is negotiating with the Nature Conservancy to preserve some of the newly emergent land. He can do both, he said, because the high tide line has pushed almost a mile out to sea since his family first homesteaded on the property. Where the shoreline is relatively flat, "it doesn't take much uplift to make quite a bit of difference," Mr. DeBoer said. Kristin White, a 28-year-old schoolteacher who grew up in Haines, a town north of here, is from another family in the area whose real estate grew as land rose. When her father tried to sell some property in Haines, she said, "he had to have it resurveyed." But for Ms. White, who has vivid memories of visiting the Mendenhall glacier as a child, the gain in acreage has been bittersweet. Seeing the glacier retreat, she said, is "as if you lived in the Smoky Mountains and you were used to seeing certain peaks — and they disappeared. It's just totally, totally sad."


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Tidewater Liberty
A virtual Pub for Tidewater Libertarians and others to discuss politics and culture in an uninhibted and reasoned forum. Wm. Donald Tabor DDS. Proprietor wdtabordds@aol.com
Tidewater Liberty, a Virtual Pub
Libertarian Policy
Virginian-Pilot Guest Editorial Archive
Tidewater Libertarian Party Position on Syrian Issue
The Tidewater Libertarian Party has released the following statement:
Authority for Military Action
Our Constitution vests the Congress with the sole power to authorize acts of war. The form of that authorization is not specified. In 1973, the Congress, recognizing that a more rapid response might in some cases be necessary in the modern world, passed the War Powers Resolution which gives the President authorization to act prior to Congressional action under certain very limited circumstances.
Those circumstances are limited to an attack, or imminent attack on the United States, its possessions, and its forces abroad, and in compliance with the terms of ratified mutual defense treaties. None of these conditions apply in the case of the Syrian Civil War.
The UN Convention on Chemical Weapons applies only to its signatories and provides no authority for enforcement of its terms on non-signatories like Syria.
There is thus no authority for the President of the United States to order the use of force against the Syrian regime unless Congress passes an appropriate resolution.
We call upon Congress to assert its authority by immediately impeaching the President should such an unlawful use of military force be ordered by the President.
No Cause for War
While Congress does have the power to authorize war absent an attack on the United States, that power should be exercised only with great restraint.
The first requirement should be a certainty that the action is just. With respect to the use of chemical weapons in Syria, that certainty does not exist. While there is reasonable evidence that chemical weapons were released, the evidence as equally supports use by one or more of the rebel factions, use by a rogue element of the regime, or inadvertent dispersal of chemical weapons stores by conventional military attack as it does intentional and centrally directed use by the regime.
We see no national interests to be served by the US intervening in this civil war. Recent experience in the Middle East in Egypt and Libya demonstrates that replacement of an autocratic regime with a chaotic failed state does not serve our interests or those of the citizens of the regime.
We have no certainty which of the rebel factions will ultimately gain power or if those factions are not worse for our interests and their people than the current regime. Evidence shows many of the rebel factions are every bit as brutal as the current regime and some have close ties to terrorist organizations.
Those things considered, we urge Congress to refuse to authorize military action in Syria or elsewhere in the Middle East.
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One Response to Tidewater Libertarian Party Position on Syrian Issue
Warren E. Boisselle says:
A well informed and rational opinion. Thank you.
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"A wise and frugal government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another, which shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government . " - Thomas Jefferson
"If you're not outraged, you're not paying attention." (Unknown Source)
"A nation of sheep will beget a government of wolves" - Edward R. Murrow
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The opinions expressed here are mine and those of the individual posters, and are not necessarily the positions of the National, State or Tidewater Libertarian Parties.
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CURATE Fine Art is honored to be involved in the development of the catalogue raisonné of works by Joe Hanks Van Cleave and the mission of the Joe Hanks Van Cleave Foundation for the Arts. The catalogue is compiled and edited by CURATE founder Kirsten Hermstad, the catalogue will illustrate and document over 100 paintings. The catalogue will be expanded as new works are found.
The foundation of the catalogue is the artwork of Joe Hanks Van Cleave, which is held primarily by the family. We are gratefully accepting any and all pertinent information about her work, including information that pertains to exhibitions, publications, and ownership either past or present, and personal correspondence. Please know that CURATE Fine Art maintains strict confidentiality of collector identity and contact information, as well as respecting requests for privacy and anonymity.
The catalogue raisonné of paintings will offer a complete view of the artist's prolific career. Each painting will be documented with images, information about its origin, provenance, exhibit history, and artist notes. The catalogue will present a unique opportunity to know and explore the breadth and depth of her work.


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Hermann Herrigel (* 2. Juni 1888 in Monakam/Bad Liebenzell; † 19. Oktober 1973 in Schorndorf) war ein deutscher Journalist. Er war bis 1935 Redakteur bei der Frankfurter Zeitung. Die Eltern waren pietistisch orientierte Protestanten, die Mutter: Pauline, geb. Schairer; der Vater, Friedrich war Lehrer. Eugen Herrigel war ein Vetter Hermann Herrigels.

Leben

Nach dem Abitur folgte das Studium in Tübingen und München (vermutlich auch in Berlin): Hermann Herrigel "sollte Philologe werden" ("Rückblick") und beschäftigte sich viel mit Philosophie.
Er studierte bei Erich Adickes, dem Mitarbeiter der "Kant-Studien", und war besonders beeindruckt von dem Neukantianer Hans Cornelius.
Seine Dissertation "Der Gebrauch der Epitheta bei Pindar" wurde von Schmied abgelehnt. Herrigel hatte nie mit ihm über seine Arbeit gesprochen – er bezeichnete sich selbst als "Alleingänger".
So wird Hermann Herrigel 1912 ohne Studienabschluss Praktikant in einer Volksbücherei. Nach sechsmonatiger Ausbildung bei Walter Hofmann arbeitet er als Bibliotheksassistent in Dresden-Plauen und Leipzig. Bis 1917 (vermutlich Jahreswende 1916/17) war er schließlich, laut Hofmann, Leiter der "Freien öffentlichen Bücherei Dresden-Plauen". Herrigel schreibt, dass ihm der Sinn dieser Arbeit auch fraglich wurde und er so eine Tat-Flugschrift über Volksbildung verfasste, allerdings ohne mit Hofmann darüber zu sprechen: "So kam es zum Krach, doch kam um dieselbe Zeit der Ruf nach Frankfurt, um dort bei der Frankfurter Zeitung ein Archiv einzurichten" (Rückblick). Im Mai 1917 erscheint seine erste Artikelserie über Volksbildungsfragen und den Richtungsstreit im Bibliothekswesen.
Herrigel war später (nach Erich Tross, der Anfang der 30er Jahre verstarb) der Leiter einer Beilage für "Hochschule und Jugend", die von der Frankfurter Zeitung herausgegeben wurde.
Das letzte von ihm herausgegebene Blatt "Für Hochschule und Jugend" ist vom 3. Februar 1935.

Sein Nachfolger war Dolf Sternberger.

Wirkung
Jürgen Henningsen, einer der profundesten Kenner der Erwachsenenbildung der Weimarer Zeit, schreibt in seiner Arbeit "Zur Theorie der Volksbildung": "Von Herrigel wissen die meisten, denen ein ungefähres Bild der Geschichte der deutschen Erwachsenenbildung gegenwärtig ist, so gut wie gar nichts", und er betont, "daß jede Darstellung, die für die von Herrigel ausgegangenen entscheidenden Anstöße keinen Platz findet, unzulässig schematisiert".

Schon mit dem Aufsatz über "Die Problematik der Volksbibliothek" (1916b) schaltet sich Herrigel in die Auseinandersetzung zwischen alter (oder auch Essener Richtung mit Eugen Sulz) und Neuer Richtung (Hofmann) ein.
Das Hauptproblem liegt für Herrigel in der Frage: "Soll die Bibliothek zuerst ... dem Volke dienen oder der Kultur?" (S. 131). Die Bibliothekare um Sulz hatten den Wahlspruch: "Die Volksbücherei kann auf keinen Leser verzichten". Herrigel bezieht Position: "gegenüber Sulz behält Hofmann immer unbedingt Recht." (S. 141)

Herrigel kritisiert 1916 die Volksbildungsbemühungen in seiner Tatflugschrift, dabei ist der Ton durchaus zeittypisch:

Das englische "rechnerische Denken", dieses "unmetaphysischen Volkes" habe den Deutschen den Liberalismus beschert, und die "befreiende Unendlichkeit jenseits" wurde nicht mehr gesehen. "Die Wissenschaftlichkeit [... nahm] uns das Geistige, Metaphysische". Nach den ersten Sätzen geht es in dieser Diktion weiter bis zur Überleitung zum Thema Volksbildung:

Entgegen der Voraussetzung der Volksbildungsbewegung, daß im Volke "starke, wahrhafte Bildungsinteressen vorhanden sind" und, dass "das Volk geistig werden könnte" (S. 3) betont Herrigel den "grundsätzliche[n] Gegensatz zwischen Volk und dem einzelnen, wahrhaft Bildungsfähigen" (S. 4).
Unter Betonung der "grundsätzlichen, ursprünglichen Ungleichheit der Menschen", verweist er auf den Gegensatz, der für ihn das "eigentlich Menschenwesentliche" ist, nämlich das "Subjekt oder Objekt sein", das "Hammer oder Amboß sein". (S. 5) Die "persönliche, über die Gleichheit und den Durchschnitt hervorragende Anlage ist [...] die grundlegende Möglichkeit aller Bildung" (S. 8).

Nach einigen Artikeln über Volksbibliothek und Volkshochschule in der FZ erscheint 1919 in der "hochangesehenen Monatsschrift"  Die neue Rundschau der Aufsatz "Erlebnis und Naivität und das Problem der Volksbildung", der "die Aufmerksamkeit aller verantwortlich Tätigen" wie Wilhelm Flitner, Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy und Werner Picht erzwang.

Schließlich begleitete Hermann Herrigel den Hohenrodter Bund von seiner Entstehung 1923 bis zu seinem Ende 1930 mit jährlichen Artikeln in der Frankfurter Zeitung. Diese Berichte "stellten fast die einzige Quelle dar, aus der die Interessierten etwas über den Bund erfahren konnten". Der Hohenrodter Bund war ein Zusammenschluss von Praktikern und Theoretikern der Neuen Richtung, der die Erwachsenenbildung der Weimarer Zeit maßgeblich beeinflusste.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 1916a: Über die Freihandbibliothek. Aus: Blätter für Volksbibliotheken und Lesehallen. Jg. 17, S. 18–20.
 1916b: Die Problematik der Volksbibliothek. Aus: Zentralblatt für Volksbildungswesen Jg. 15, S. 129–143.
 1916c: Volksbildung und Volksbibliothek. Eine Abrechnung. Tat-Flugschriften 14. Jena: Diederichs.
 1917: Die Zentralstelle für volkstümliches Büchereiwesen zu Leipzig. Frankfurter Zeitung vom 5. Mai 1917
 1918a: Über den Verlust der Tradition. Aus: Die Rheinlande Jg. 18, S. 114ff.
 1918b: Idealismus. Aus: Die Rheinlande Jg. 18,  S. 185ff.
 1918c: Der Konflikt der modernen Kultur (Simmel). Aus: Die Rheinlande Jg. 18, S. 243ff.
 1919a: Die revolutionäre Entscheidung. Aus: Die neue Rundschau. 30. Jahrgang der freien Bühne. S. 688–694.
 1919b: Erlebnis und Naivität und das Problem der Volksbildung. Aus: Die neue Rundschau. 30. Jahrgang der freien Bühne. S. 1303–1316.
 1919c: Die heutige Bildung und die Volkshochschule. In: Tietgens 1969, S. 116–123. Ursprünglich aus der Frankfurter Zeitung vom 12. u. 13. Dezember 1919.
 1921a: Zur Kritik der idealistischen Volksbildung. Aus: Volksbildungsarchiv 8, S. 237–267.
 1921b: Volk und Staat. Aus: Die Tat Jg. 13, S. 256–262.
 1921c: Politik und Idealismus. Aus: Kant-Studien 26, S. 52–73. Wiederabdruck in: Ders. 1928b: Das neue Denken.
 1922b: Priesterbildung und Laienbildung. Aus: Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Jg. 4, S. 10–19.
 1927: Wissenschaft und Leben (Ausarbeitung des Referats von der Tagung des Hohenrodter Bundes 1925). Aus: Die Erziehung Jg. 2, S. 434–455 u. 524–536.
 1928a: Weltanschauung und Erwachsenenbildung. Aus: Der Kunstwart Jg. 41, S. 262ff.
 1928b: Das neue Denken. Berlin: Lambert Schneider.
 1930b: Zwischen Frage und Antwort. Gedanken zur Kulturkrise. Berlin: Lambert Schneider.
Ein unbekanntes deutsches Kinderbuch. In: Philobiblon, Jg. 8 (1935), Heft 3, S. 107–108.

Literatur

 Wolfgang Bähner: Hermann Herrigel und die "Neue Richtung". Zur Erwachsenenbildung in der Weimarer Republik. Diplomarbeit, Düsseldorf 1994
 Jürgen Henningsen: Zur Theorie der Volksbildung. 1959
 Hermann Herrigel o. J. Rückblick (Mir liegt eine von Hermann Herrigel selbst verfasste Kurzbiographie vor, die mir Frau Marianne Pfleiderer, die Tochter Hermann Herrigels, zur Verfügung gestellt hat.W.B.)
 Fritz Laack: Das Zwischenspiel freier Erwachsenenbildung. Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 1984, ISBN 3-7815-0543-X.
Ursula Schulz: Hermann Herrigel, der Denker und die deutsche Erwachsenenbildung. Eine Bibliographie seiner Schriften zum 80. Geburtstag, Bremen: Bremer Volkshochschule 1969 (Bremer Beiträge zur freien Volksbildung; 12).
Hans Tietgens: Erwachsenenbildung zwischen Romantik und Aufklärung,  Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1969, ISBN 3-534-07991-4
 Ingeborg Wirth (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch der Erwachsenenbildung. Schöningh, Paderborn 1978, ISBN 3-506-73441-5.

Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen

Bibliothekar (Deutschland)
Journalist (Deutschland)
Philosoph (20. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1888
Gestorben 1973
Mann
Person (Frankfurter Zeitung)


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REVIEW AND INTERVIEW BY BRANDY!! Scent of Triumph by Jan Moran (@janmoran)
April 17, 2013 November 17, 2015 romancebookworm
EXCERPT FROM AMAZON:
Paris-born Danielle Bretancourt von Hoffman is a modern young woman with a natural gift. In the language of perfumery, she is a Nose, with the rare ability to recognize thousands of essences by memory.
The year is 1939, and on the day that England declares war on Germany, Danielle and her family are caught in the midst of a raging disaster sweeping across Europe.
Her life takes a tragic turn when her husband and their only son are stranded behind enemy lines. Summoning her courage, she spies for the French resistance, but is forced to flee Europe with fragments of her family. Destitute, she mines her talents to create a magnificent perfume that captures the hearts of Hollywood stars, then gambles to win wealth and success as a couturier. Her intelligence and flair attracts the adoration of Jonathan Newell-Grey, head of England's top shipping conglomerate, and Cameron Murphy, Hollywood's most charismatic star.
Danielle charts her course through devastating wartime losses and revenge; lustful lovers and loveless marriages; and valiant struggles to reunite her family. Set between privileged lifestyles and gritty realities, here is one woman's story of courage, spirit, and resilience.
Q&A WITH JAN MORAN:
What is the one-sentence synopsis of your book?
Set between privileged lifestyles and gritty realities, Scent of Triumph is one woman's story of courage, spirit, and resilience.
Please tell us a little about your book. Why is it a must-read?
Scent of Triumph is a character-driven story set against a tumultuous time of history—World War II. The protagonist, Danielle Bretancourt, is the kind of modern young woman that you really want to know, and, despite her mistakes, that you can root for. She's a hard worker, cherishes her family, and longs for a partner. She's wonderfully creative and has a sense of innate sense of style—even I envy her for that!
Why did you want to become a writer?
As a child, I was an avid reader. Writers were my rock stars! Books were my passport to exotic locales and fascinating characters.
What inspires your writing?
Travel always inspires me—I love to explore new cities, countries, and cultures that I can share with readers. Strong female protagonists and entrepreneurs who forge their own paths to success are also a source of inspiration. Finally, I like to learn something fascinating along the way, about history, unusual careers, or interesting people.
Question: When did your love of perfumery first begin?
My love of perfumery was seeded by my mother and grandmother, who never left the house without perfume and lipstick. Fortunately, they had excellent taste and were generous with their knowledge.
Several fiction and nonfiction projects. I have a couple of new novels underway, which will take readers to fabulous international locations and delve into sexy new stories. I'll make announcements on my website, blog, Facebook and Twitter. Stay tuned on http://www.janmoran.com, where I'll post previews. Better yet, sign up for my every-so-often newsletter.
Can you tell us something about yourself that people might not know?
A lot of people might know that I've written earlier nonfiction books on fragrances, Fabulous Fragrances I & II, which grew into the immensely popular Scentsa touch-screen fragrance and skincare finders in Sephora stores around the world, but not many people know that I've also guided the creative effort on a fine perfume, and blended several artisan scents. These incredible experiences helped me breathe life into the character of Danielle Bretancourt, a French perfumer, in Scent of Triumph.
What's the best fan letter you've received?
They're ALL the best! I cherish (and save!) every letter I receive, and am so touched when people take time out their busy day to write to me. I love it when people share memories or places they've visited, or stories of a perfume that touched their soul—perhaps one that a beloved family member once wore. What an incredible honor to receive a letter—especially today! Email? Works for me, too! And I love to send fan letters, too.
Where did the idea come from for your books?
Most of my ideas stem from my personal experience, although my books are not autobiographical per se. But in both Scent of Triumph and Hostile Beauty you will learn about places I've lived and traveled (such as Paris, Beverly Hills, New York), the work I've done in perfume and beauty, period fashions, history, and more. I don't like to drop designer names or labels simply for the sake of doing so, but I will when it's germane to characterization, setting, or historical reference. I also like to include details about what it's like to create a product, run a business, and obtain funding–keys aspects of any entrepreneur's experience. My characters are quite entrepreneurial, and I suppose that stems from my own experience as well.
What can modern women learn from your protagonist, Danielle Bretancourt?
The story of Danielle Bretancourt is really the story of a woman's journey on the entrepreneur's path. It's a story of creativity and innovation, and of courage of convictions. Since the story begins in 1939, I had to understand the challenges that faced women at that time, such as the lack of credit or borrowing power for women who wanted to start their own business, among others. While opportunities have improved for women around the world, there are still so many women who suffer from inequalities, lack of knowledge, poor access to capital, and cultural oppression.
For this story, I drew on memories from my mother, grandmother, and great grandmother – their memories of joy over gaining the right to vote, owning property in their name, and creating their own income. The challenges they faced and overcame inspired me to become an entrepreneur, and to help spread the word today about women's entrepreneurial efforts as a positive economic force for change.
We love the romantic aspect of Scent of Triumph, so tell us, what is your favorite romantic scent?
When I was writing Scent of Triumph, I created a cast of characters and imagined what fragrances they would wear? How would perfume add to their characterization? What would their choices reveal about them? I used fragrances to reveal a character's personality, heritage, or psychological nature. For example, Tabac Blond, and Jicky were considered fairly avant-garde in the first part of the twentieth century, so I gave these fabulous vintage scents to two of the more extravagant characters in the books. Personally, I adore Mitsouko, so this one has a special passage in the book, too.
If you were casting a movie for Scent of Triumph, who would you cast?
It's open to interpretation, but here's a start:
Danielle Bretancourt: Keira Knightley, Audrey Tatou, Emma Stone
Jonathan Newell-Grey: Chris Hemsworth
Max von Hoffman: Jude Law
Cameron Murphy: Ryan Gosling, Ryan Reynolds
Marie Bretancourt: Meryl Streep, Juliette Binoche
Erica Evans: Penelope Cruz, Salma Hayek
What were your first career dreams?
A ballerina or a model! My mother studied under Russian ballet masters and danced in the Houston, Texas ballet. I entered ballet classes at the age of three, and continued until adulthood. However, I'm petite; I never gained enough height for a career in either ballet or modeling!
What sports do you like to do?
In the winter, I love to visit the mountains to ski. My favorite destinations are Queenstown, New Zealand, Mammoth Lakes, California, and Vail, Colorado. Otherwise, you can find me walking by the ocean at home in San Diego, riding a bike, or in a pilates or zumba class at the gym. I love to swim, too.
What are your favorite colors?
Red, red, and red!
I was given a copy of this book in exchange for my honest review. I was not compensated.
I enjoyed this book! It is a story of Danielle Bretancourt who is a french perfumer and it is set in World War II. This is an amazingly accurate story that draws you in and immerses you in the passion and pain that Danielle experiences.
I cried when the ship was attacked and lives were lost and I cheered when she began her new life in America. This is a woman that has the strength to fight for what she believes is right and to carry on when life kicks her down. Her knowledge of scents allows her to discover a whole new world and her and her family's place in it. The story ends the way I would expect it to in a rather traditional way but the journey was an intricate weaving of words that took my breath away.
Jan Moran is an amazing storyteller and I am in rapture of her way with words.
Rated 4 Bookworms
Jan Moran is offering an awesome giveaway! Click HERE to check it out!!
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2 thoughts on "REVIEW AND INTERVIEW BY BRANDY!! Scent of Triumph by Jan Moran (@janmoran)"
kimlrkim says:
This book sounds like a wonderful read. Thank you for the giveaway!
kitten18blog says:
Sounds like a good read. And by what I read in the blog about it it has a few elements which I have read in other stories, but also elements that are different. But from what I read in the blog, I haven't read a story like this. It really intrigues me. I have read alot about wars. I guess it stems from the many men in my family & ancestory that have been in the military! I got to go to see where some of my ancestors fought in the Battle of Shiloh when I was younger & have been fascinated ever since. I have also visited Fort Knox many times throughout my life as my Dad was stationed there when he was in the National Guard when I was little. Have taken my boys to the Patton Museum a few times.


text:
Sam Franklin
Earth Observation Specialist
ESERO Ireland
We asked Sam Franklin from ESERO Ireland to give some advice for people considering this job:
Earth Observation is quite technical and has a number of research opportunities. I'd advise trying to achieve a PhD in Remote Sensing and get comfortable with a variety of computer skills, from coding to databases and cloud computing infrastructure. Also, do not overlook the value of learning to work in teams.
Greyhound to create 100 new jobs in Dublin
Waste management company will bring total workforce to 600 with new roles in sales, marketing, operations and administration
Greyhound, an Irish waste management company, has announced a €35 million euro investment for the development of the business, which will lead to the creation of 100 new jobs in Dublin. The investment comes as a response to the "growing economy" in the Dublin region.
The new jobs will range across a number of departments, with roles in Sales, Marketing, Operations and Administration. The jobs boost will bring the company's total headcount to 600, making it one of the company's largest waste management providers. Greyhound was established almost 40 years ago with "one truck and a lot of ambition." and now the company boasts over 120,000 customers throughout the nation's capital.
In an era where companies are being urged to operate in a more environmentally conscious manner, Greyhound has affirmed its commitment to "recycling and constantly innovating and educating to reduce the amount of waste that goes to landfill." The business even converts some of its waste into renewable energy sources.
To find out more about careers at Greyhound, click here.
To find out more about the Business Management sector, click here.
To find out more about the Earth & Environment sector, click here.


Or does the Freestyle stroke require more energy and therefore a higher fitness level than breaststroke?
All things being equal, front crawl should be more efficient and less strenuous than breaststroke. But all things aren't always equal.
From 1947 to 2006 I could only swim breaststroke with any degree of ease. In 2006 I discovered Total Immersion and can now swim all four competitive strokes (butterfly only after a fashion but I can swim it for 50m or so). I have swum several 1500m races, very slowly even for a man of my age, but nevertheless I have finished and lived to tell the tale. A few years ago I could only have swum them breaststroke and my times would probably be even slower.
In my case it was mainly the flutter kick that was the obstacle and the first progress I made was when I learned that, for many unskilled swimmers, the kick created more drag than propulsion and I began to swim freestyle without a kick.
Breathing has never been a real problem for me but there is still plenty of work to be done on it. I still find it difficult to breathe on the 'wrong' side.
I think your fitness must be OK if you can easily swim a mile with breaststroke, therefore I conclude that your difficulty with freestyle is mainly with breathing and not fitness.
I suggest you do plenty of 25m and 50m repeats concentrating on easy breathing , making sure you're exhaling while your face is in the water and not holding your breath at all. Then move to 75m repeats and 100m repeats and soon it will be easy.
Richard's advice to Alex is excellent. Alex also had an inkling of where the solution should lie. Richard identified both difficulty with breathing and with the kick. Both ultimately depend on Balance. If you cannot swim freestyle with similar ease, and for similar distance, as breaststroke, it's almost certainly because you've not yet truly mastered Balance. To overcome this limitation, devote most of your practice to Balance driils and whole-stroke with Balance thoughts.
Most of these should be relatively short repeats, of 25 to 50 yards. Even short repeats can be good preparation for longer swims if you can steadily reduce the rest intervals between them. Take the shortest rest that allows you to maintain a sense of ease and fluency – no struggle. But take enough rest to maintain easy and flow.
On the breaststroke lengths, focus on getting into a fully extended, full-streamlined (i.e. head hanging between shoulders) barely-submerged leisurely glide between strokes. Then take that sensation of balance (or support), minimal drag and calm, quiet movement back to freestyle.
Alternate 25FR with 25BR until you can swim 1000 meters or more, easily recovering from any sense of breathlessness that occurs during the 25FR during one length of BR.
Like many others, I can exert much more power and total energy in running and breaststroke-swimming than in Freestyle. You say that the difference is balance, and it makes sense, yet I need some more help. You provided many useful drills and thoughts to improve balance, (I am amazed at my own progress), yet I have not seen a specific approach to improving freestyle breathing. Does this mean that after we achieve balance, breathing ease will occur naturally? If not, I could use a swimming thought that points to the differences in the act of breathing between the two swimming styles.
Thanks for the suggestion. I'll do several posts with a breathing focus.
I'm 34 years old tri newbie from Poland with an athletic past in college basketball – in 94-96 played college basketball for Winthrop University and up to 2000 played professionally back home in Poland. Anyway, after quitting pro sports at 27, and sitting behind the desk for 7 years gaining some extra pounds I decided to TRI ;). I started learning process TI way – because to be honest that's the only way, for an adult with no past swimming experience, to effectively swim the distance. Nevertheless, for 4 months of training and learning, I could not swim more than 200 or 250 meters continuously in free. I started having problems with breathing after 50 and after 100 I just struggled, but in breaststroke I could swim 200 or 250 with a great ease. I analyzed why such difference in effort occurred in both strokes? Guess what, EXHALATION, I exhaled strongly and evenly through mouth and nose during breast laps, but somehow during freestyle swims I held my breath until the moment I initiated rotation to breathe – much too late. I started exhaling when my head entered the water, and I felt the same ease as swimming breaststroke. On that day I did 3 x 500m free, and felt great. It was a breakthrough day for me, and that day I'll remember until the end of my life. Wish you all adult TI learners and swimmers all the best!!!


text:
Grb Etiopije je usvojen 1996. godine.

Sastoji se od zlatnog pentagrama, sa zrakama koje predstavljaju svjetlost na plavom štitu.
Pentagram predstavlja jedinstvo naroda i Etiopske nacije.

Grb se također nalazi i na zastavi Etiopije.

Prijašnji grbovi

Etiopija
Etiopija


I was at a holiday dinner party a couple of Decembers ago right after Donald Trump was elected president, where I met a lady who voted for him.
"You realize Trump likes to grab women's you-know-what, you-know-where, don't you?" I asked her. I couldn't bring myself to say the "P" word while guests around the table discussed the true meaning of Christmas.
What mindset is that I wondered? Respect for human rights? Thoughtful diplomatic moves? A stable economy without give-away tax breaks to the rich? Support for our environmental problems?
Now two years later I've decided that lady got her wish. Trump, much like the proverbial bull in the China closet, has broken and shaken and destroyed a lot more than mindsets. His policies, derived largely from the collective wisdom of Fox and Friends, standard bearers for the OWW (old white and wealthy contingency) have defied not only expectations, but any explanation. We're edging back toward the 1950's when coal was king and clothes hangers were instruments of death. Where every school classroom began with a Christian prayer. This, despite the fact that today fully 30% of Americans are non-Christian.
1) In an attempt to "secure" our borders from terrorists, rapists, and murderers, he's broken up families and left our immigration policy in disarray.
2) His diplomatic triumph with North Korea (has anyone bought the Commemorative Coin in celebration of this astonishing breakthrough?) appears to be an episode of Celebrity Apprentice whereby Kim Jong-Un tried to "sell" Donald Trump a line about denuclearizing—and Trump bought it!
3) His replacement for Obama Care medical insurance for the poor, is to slowly decommission it. A good move for the breaker and buster that he is.
4) His tax breaks for Middle America largely went to rich and corporate America. And those folks, ignoring Ronald Reagan's "trickle-down economics," took the money and reinvested in their own corporate stock offerings. Unbelievably, they didn't share their windfall with the rest of the economy. Trump's tax breaks must have been research for his new TV reality show: Money Hoarders.
Yes, Trump has broken plenty of mindsets. He's also fractured a lot of treaties we held with our international friends. He's pulled out of, or threatened to leave: the Iran Deal, the Paris Climate Accord, UNESCO, Trans-Pacific Trade deal, NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Treaty with Mexico and Canada), and now he's saber-rattling at the NATO alliance. With friends like Donald Trump, who needs enemies?
Some will say America's doing better than ever under Trump. After all, he's finally went after that thief China for stealing all our tech secrets, and he's at least trying to help the displaced manufacturing workers and miners in Ohio and PA. Ok, a few steps in the right direction. Too bad he's leaving a trail of destruction everywhere else. But that's what ball-busters and mind-set breakers do. Without much of a strategy, they always hurt more than they help.
Hi Diana – I very much enjoyed reading your post. I'm a friend and colleague of Aubrey's in KC and a conscientious rabble rouser myself! I set up a blog entitled "She Took Her Power Back – Without Permission" but haven't posted any writings yet. Reading yours has inspired me!! I want to write about the social construction of power and the various ways it impacts our lives – personally, professionally, and politically. I look forward to reading more of your thoughts!
Thank you Angie! I like the title of your blog. Yes, jump into the blogs and start writing.


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At violent summer's end, weary city grapples with the toll
The Baltimore Sun 14 Comments Maryland, The Baltimore Sun, Video Baltimore, Christopher T. Assaf, crime, Justin Fenton, Justin George, Lloyd Fox, Maryland, The Baltimore Sun
The summer violence in Baltimore has turned husbands into single parents, transformed rookie cops into veterans, left missing verses in half-finished rap songs, forced politicians to personally confront the city's crime problems, and sent longtime residents to new places and new lives.
Fifty years later, Marylanders recall the March on Washington
The Baltimore Sun 2 Comments From the Vault, Maryland, Nation, The Baltimore Sun Algerina Perna, Civil Rights, Jonathan Pitts, Kim Hairston, March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., Maryland, Washington DC
Six Marylanders look back on the March on Washington on Aug. 28, 1963, and its effect on their lives. Said Joyce Dennison, 71, a retired Baltimore schoolteacher: "It didn't matter what socioeconomic group, religion or ethnicity you belonged to. There was a great feeling of humanity."
Story by Jonathan Pitts
Portrait photos by Kim Hairston and Algerina Perna
Hidden Maryland: A peek inside the Orioles' (healthy) clubhouse kitchen
The Baltimore Sun 0 Comment Hidden Maryland, Maryland, Orioles, Sports, The Baltimore Sun Baltimore Orioles, baseball, Camden Yards, farmers' market, food, Karl Merton Ferron, Lloyd Fox, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, Orioles
The latest installment of Hidden Maryland takes you behind the scenes of the Orioles' clubhouse kitchen, where this season the team is working with a new chef to offer more nutritious and delicious food options to its players.
Thousands take part in Great Bull Run
The Baltimore Sun 0 Comment Nation Great Bull Run, Tomato Royale, Virginia
Darkroom contributors Kaitlin Newman and Gabrielle LePore take you inside America's first ever Great Bull Run.
Bird ringing in Rye, England
The Baltimore Sun 0 Comment World birds, British Trust for Ornithology, Dan Kitwood, England
Currently in the process of recording migrating hirundines and other birds at a reserve close to the East Sussex coast, the British Trust for Ornithology can ring as many as 1,000 hirundines in one evening. Hirundines comprise of Sand Martins, House Martins and Swallows — all of which roost in high numbers on the reserve over summer before continuing their migratory route back to Africa. In fact, the site is one of the world's largest ringing stations. Other birds are also ringed including Nightjar, Grasshopper Warbler and Sparrowhawk.
Volunteers and staff capture the birds using long mist nets that are erected and run through the reedbeds before the birds come in to roost every evening. Details recorded before being released include the bird's age, weight and sex, which allow the BTO to monitor long-term population and global migration patterns. | Photos taken by Dan Kitwood of Getty Images.
Hidden Maryland: Backstage at a Ravens game broadcast
The Baltimore Sun 0 Comment Hidden Maryland, Sports, The Baltimore Sun Amy Davis, Baltimore, Baltimore Ravens, David Zurawik, M&T Bank Stadium, NFL, Ravens, television, TV
The latest installment of Hidden Maryland takes you behind the scenes with the WBAL-TV/radio team for its simulcast of last Thursday's Ravens-Falcons preseason game at M&T Bank Stadium.
Orioles national anthem singer proposes after belting out the Star-Spangled Banner on Saturday at Camden Yards
The Baltimore Sun 0 Comment Sports, The Baltimore Sun Baltimore Orioles, baseball, Camden Yards, Karl Merton Ferron, Marriage prop, Orioles, proposal
Saturday's national anthem singer at Camden Yards, Michael Fries, surprised his girlfriend, Shelby Trautman, by proposing to her after belting out the Star-Spangled Banner for the Orioles-Rockies game. See photos of the proposal taken by Baltimore Sun photographer Karl Merton Ferron. O!!! And she said, "yes!"
Death toll rises to more than 500 as U.S. reviews aid to Egypt
The Baltimore Sun 0 Comment World Egypt
More than 500 people were killed in Egypt on Wednesday, in what is being called one of the bloodiest days in decades for the country. Egyptian security forces undertook a planned operation to clear supporters of former president Mohamed Morsi from sit-in demonstrations in Cairo who were camped out for over a month.
President Obama made a statement Thursday morning condemning the steps that have been taken by Egypt's interim government and security forces. "We call on the Egyptian authorities to respect the universal rights of the people," he said. "We call on those who protest to do so peacefully."
Obama also said the U.S. government would be canceling upcoming bi-annual joint military exercises scheduled with Egypt.
WARNING: VISUAL COVERAGE DEPICTS INJURY AND/OR DEATH.
Hidden Maryland: Behind the scenes at Ladew Topiary Gardens
The Baltimore Sun 1 Comment Hidden Maryland, Maryland, The Baltimore Sun Garden, Harford County, Maryland
The latest installment of Hidden Maryland heads to Ladew Topiary Gardens, where artists work behind the scenes to create and maintain the garden sculptures.
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MiscellaneousIran nuclear matter: Larijani-Prodi meeting today
Rome, Italy - USA demands sanctions soon
USA ask an urgent meeting of UN Security Council so that it gives the green light to a resolution containing sanctions against Iran, which is guilty of not wanting to give up its uranium enrichment program.... more
MiscellaneousTerrorism in UK: more two incriminated men
London, United Kingdom - Total 17 people have been considered guilty
On the field of the inquiry on presumed thwarted attack against airplanes flying between UK and USA, more two men have been formally charged with murder conspiracy and preparation of terrorist acts. 25... more
MiscellaneousNuclear matter: Russia, yes to the sanctions but without using force
Moscow, Russia - The Russian Foreign Minister specifies that every sanction must be equal to the threats for the international community
"We'll take on account the possibility of sanctions under every profile, basing on our target and without allowing a proliferation of nuclear weapons", there are the words of the Russian Foreign Minister, S... more
MiscellaneousTrieste: 140 people are waiting since yesterday for their flight to Toronto
Trieste, Italy - The aircraft of the carrier Sky Service is blocked at Pescara airport
Since yesterday 140 people of a flight of the air company Sky Service, coming from Pescara and directed to Toronto, are waiting at Trieste-Ronchi dei Legionari airport, without news about their flight.... more
MiscellaneousManuel Uribe: denial of the Modena's General Hospital
Modena, Italy - He will remain the fattest man of the world for the whole 2006
The Business Management of the Modena's General Hospital denies the statements issued to a press agency by Professor Giancarlo De Bernardinis, the Director of General Surgery II Division that in last M... more
MiscellaneousTurkey doesn't open its ports ad airports to Cyprus
Ankara, Turkey - Net deny by the Turkish Premier Erdogan. No opening until the embargo on North Cyprus won't be eliminated
It's going on the resistance of Turkey to the requests of European Union to open Turkish ports and airports to the Cyprus goods. Few days ago the Foreign commission of UE approved a document where this d... more
MiscellaneousBoulogne: emergency landing for an Air France plane
Boulogne, Italy - A signalation for a breakdown on the landing gear made start the emergency procedure
Today at the Boulogne airport an aircraft of the French carrier Air France has made emergency landing because of a was indicating a problem to the oil pression of the landing gear. The commandant of the... more
MiscellaneousBrindisi: emergency landing for a RAF C-130
Brindisi, Italy - The reason was a block to an engine, militaries haven't been injured
Yesterday afternoon a C-130 of British Royal Air Force (RAF) has been forced to do an emergency landing at Brindisi airport because of breakdown in an engine. It has happened at about 5:30pm, when the... more
MiscellaneousLebanon: Israel revokes the air block
Beirut, Lebanon - Today at 6:00pm the Beirut airport will be open again for flights
As already anticipated, Israel has decided to revoke the air block on Beirut airport. It's been stated by a press release of Tel Aviv Government, after that during last days there have been moments of t... more
MiscellaneousKorean Airlines bans laptops on board
Seoul, North Korea - But only the ones of Apple and Dell. The reason? The Sony batteries that could catch fire
Since last August 30 on Korean Airlines planes is forbidden to use laptops by Apple and Dell. After the light prohibitions of Qantas, that only forbid to charge the batteries of laptop but not to use it,... more
MiscellaneousAlso Bmed, partner of BA violates the Israeli block and flies to Beirut
Beirut, Lebanon - It's the second one to do it after Qatar Airways two days ago
After Qatar Airways, now is an English air company to violate the air block imposed by Israel on Beirut. The Bmed, partner of British Airways, has announced that this evening will land at Beirut airport... more
MiscellaneousParis: the corpse of a man falls from the landing gear of a plane
Paris, France - It's probably an illegal immigrant hidden in the tyres
The French Police has found the corpse of a man in a field near the airport "Charles de Gaulle" of Paris. The discover has followed the signal of a farmer that had found a lifeless body on his field, half-naked... more
MiscellaneousGB: a piece of ice falls from a plane and crashes onto a car's roof
London, Great Britain - The Member of Parliament for the region where the event occurred asks for reparation to the airline
A piece of ice as big as a football. But much bigger, and also falling from thousands of meters, after detaching from a plane. This is what an English lady had in the roof if her car, a Smart, few days... more
MiscellaneousUsa: the new Minister of Transports has been nominated
Washington, USA - Mary Peters covers the role that before belonged to the democrat Norman Mineta
The Government of United States has designated a new Transports Minister, Mrs Mary Peters, instead of Norman Mineta that had resigned. Peters comes from the charge of responsible of the Federal Highway... more
MiscellaneousWest Bank: Israel will keep the invasion
Tel Aviv, Israel – Started the building of 690 residences in two settlements in the occupied territories
The Israeli First Minister, Ehud Olmert, has announced the disruption of the troops' retreat from West Bank, central project of the programme that in last May made him win elections, defined inapt after t... more
MiscellaneousLebanon (2): Israel opens to a possible reduction of block on Lebanon
Tel Aviv, Israel - From Israeli Foreign Minister are coming positive voices about an end of the embargo
There are hopes for the end of the Israeli block on Lebanon. It's been made known by sources of Tel Aviv Government tha clarify that "There are not problem to gradually reduce the restrictions or for t... more
MiscellaneousSomalia: struggle at Baidoa airport
Mogadiscio, Somalia - Militants claim toll
The weak Somali transition Government moved its seat to Baidoa in June, 250 km North-West of Mogadiscio, when Islamic Courts took control of the Capital and most Southern Somalia. Struggle between militants... more
MiscellaneousLebanon: Annan confirms a mediator for the discharge of the prisoners
Cairo, Egypt - Meeting between Kofi Annan and Hosni Mubarak
Kofi Annan, General Secretary of United Nations, has confirmed to have accepted to elect a mediator to make easier the solution for the discharge of two Israeli prisoners seized by Hezbollah last July... more
MiscellaneousNew York investigates on the disappearance of the Ground Zero flag
New York, USA - On the eve of the fifth anniversary of the September 11 terroristic attacks the city wants to discover who stolen the national symbol
The New York city has decided after five years to open an investigation about the disappearance of the flag put on the wrecks of the Twin Towers, on Ground Zero site by the three firemen that became themselves... more
MiscellaneousLondon: more 8 people were incriminated for the presumed terrorist conspiracy
London, United Kingdom - Total 14 defendants
After six incriminated people last days, eight Arabian young men were charged yesterday with conspiracy with murder purpose and preparation of terrorist act. There will be total 14 defendants in the process... more
MiscellaneousVenezuela: second load of weapons seized in an Alitalia warehouse
Caracas, Venezuela - Evasion equal to USD 30 million
Last Friday, the Government of Venezuela has announced the seizure of a lot of 128 weapons, the second in a week, in an Alitalia warehouse in the main National Airport of the Capital. In this case it speaks... more
MiscellaneousThe Qatar Airways flight has landed in Beirut
Beirut, Lebanon - The emirate's carrier had already announced it
It's landed today at about 3:20pm (local time) at Beirut the Airbus A-320 with 142 passengers aboard of Qatar Airway, the airline that had announced it wanted to break the blockade imposed by Israel o... more
MiscellaneousSeptember 11: Bush will go to the places of the terroristic attacks
Washington, Usa - The US President has reminded to the American people that Iraq is the "Central front" in the fight against terror
President of United States, George W. Bush, has announced that September 11, on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the massacre caused by the terroristic attacks that hit America, will go to the... more
MiscellaneousGhanese boy blocked since 47 days at the airport
Singapore, Republic of Singapore - The Country didn't give him the visa and the football player since then is living in the airport
It really looks like the story of the movie "The Terminal" with Tom Hanks, what's happened to Ayi Nii Aryee, with only one difference: this time it's all true. The young football player from Ghana arr... more
MiscellaneousVenezuela: Alitalia transports a load of 300 weapons
Caracas, Venezuela - It can not to speak of smuggling
Last Tuesday August 29, the National Tributary Overseer of Venezuela, José Gregorio Vielme Mora, has made known the attachment of a lot of 300 guns 9mm "Vernardeli" in the International Airport of Maiquetìa, t... more
MiscellaneousRecruitment: the Pentagon strengthen controls
Washington, USA - After abuse and misconduct cases
The US Defense Department made known that it will provide closer monitoring of military recruiters behaviour, after misconduct cases that were reported in the last months. The Government Accountability... more
MiscellaneousIsraeli air raid in Gaza: two injures
Gaza, Gaza Strip - Hit a building in a refugee camp. Maybe in the next hours could be decided to release the Israeli soldier kidnapped by the Palestinian militia
This night an Israeli air raid on a refugee camp in Jabalya, in Gaza Strip, has provoked the wounding of two people. It's been retailed by local medical sources, while the residents ensure that the building h... more
MiscellaneousBrindisi: PAM visit at UNHRD base
Brindisi, Italy - The first humanitarian aid to Lebanon left here
James Morris, Chief Executive of the United Nations World Alimentary Program, visits the humanitarian first aid base (UNHRD) in Brindisi, South Italy, where the first aid for Lebanon started on board the... more
MiscellaneousThe American people fear for new terroristic attacks in New York and Washington
Washington, Usa - It has come out from a survey. After the failed attacks of August 10 the fears are increased
A survey made by Ipsos for the Associated Press has revealed the feelings and the fears of the American people after 5 years from the terroristic attacks against the Twin Towers. More than an half of the... more
MiscellaneousItaly-Venezuela cooperation in search of the Cessna that disappeared on July 24
Caracas, Venezuela - No traces of the aircraft up to now
There are no news about the Cessna which left on July 24 from Los Roques archipelago, Carribean, and headed to "Arturo Miquelena" Airport in Valencia, that disappeared half an hour before its landing.... more
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We took this drab kitchen and turned it into a fab farmhouse kitchen! Even though we live in a little rambler in the middle of a wooded subdivision, we brought the farmhouse right inside and livened the place up a bit. Since my entire theme for this home has always been "farmhouse", it was natural for us to eventually float over to brighter colors and a more modern farmhouse look. We recently did this when we renovated our sitting room.
The kitchen was a horrible part of the home. It was ugly, dingy, straight out of the 1980s. But we quickly turned it into something that is inspiring and beautiful.
We started by ripping out the old and dingy cabinets and replacing them with new white cabinets. We found the hardware online for a fraction of the cost that it would've been at our local big chain store. Overall, we saved $161 just finding the hardware for the cabinets online! It was a steal. I love the white cabinets and how much they brighten up the small kitchen. And the cabinet hardware really brings a sense of classic farmhouse charm with a modern twist.
The faucet we chose was a no-brainer. It was non-negotiable. I wanted this faucet, and I was going to get it! It is so convenient when fill up pots, a water bath canner, or just cleaning the sink out. It truly brings that touch of farmhouse charm to the kitchen, and it's efficient too!
We went back and forth on formica or butcher block counter tops, and eventually decided on butcher block. We love our butcher block counter tops, though it does come with some maintenance, which you can learn all about butcher block here.
Overall, we're so pleased with our farmhouse kitchen. Watch the video below to see the rest of the kitchen, including the sliding barn door, flooring, and more!
Take a Tour of Our Kitchen!
Love your kitchen! Bead board for your backsplash!


England beat Pakistan by 20 runs in their second ODI in Abu Dhabi.
England have beaten Pakistan by 20 runs in their second ODI in Abu Dhabi.
Captain Alastair Cook became the first England captain to make two consecutive ODI centuries, before he was caught and bowled by Shahid Afridi for 102.
Fellow opener Kevin Pietersen was bowled lbw by Saeed Ajmal for 26, while Jonathan Trott was caught by Umar Akmal off the bowling of Aiziz Cheema for 23.
Ravi Bopara scored his second consecutive half-century before he went the same way as Trott as England made 250.
Pakistan's openers started solidly as Mohammad Hafeez made 26 before being caught by Trott from the bowling of Jimmy Anderson.
Meanwhile, Imran Farhat hit an impressive 47 until he was run out by Stuart Broad.
Azhar Ali (31) and Younis Khan (5) both fell to the bowling of Samit Patel, while Umar Akmal hit a stubborn 21 before he was caught by Patel off Steve Finn as Pakistan set up a nervy finish.
However, Afridi (18) and Abdul Rehman (1) saw Pakistan's hopes crumble, despite Misbah-ul-Haq's impressive knock of 47.
As Pakistan's lower-end collapsed, Umar Gul (5) and Aiziz Cheema (1) were both bowled by Steve Finn as England claimed the win.


Want to know how to board your loft? then you have come to the right place. Our skilled tradesmen have boarded many lofts in Essex and London. This article covers everything you need to know about how to board your loft. We take into account insulation requirements, storage and access.
Is an ideal solution for anyone wanting extra storage space.
Is a great way to access heating pipes and electrical connections. But only if boards are planned out carefully.
Makes the loft safer to walk around in. You do not have to worry about watching your step.
These days Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) are needed when people buy or sell houses. These certificates grade the energy efficiency of your home. Better insulation properties will help improve your EPC grade, meaning your home is more efficient to run. Energy efficient homes are less expensive to run.
Before you follow our 'how to board your loft guide below', check out the list of materials and tools needed to complete the job.
Used to raise the floor by 175 mm, so that insulation can fit underneath.
These boards have a tongue and grove system, which means they simply slot together. The separate boards are narrow enough to get through your loft hatch.
This insulation has a thickness of 100 mm. This is ideal to install between ceiling joists, as most are 100 mm thick.
This insulation has a thickness of 200 mm. This is ideal to install 90 degrees to any wool that exists between the joist. It will mean you have 300 mm of wool insulation.
These screws are suitable for fixing tongue and groove boards to loft legs. They can also be used to fix loft legs to the joists.
Many screws are required when it comes to loft boarding. You will need 8 screws per loft leg. 4 screws to fix the loft leg to the joist. And another 4 to fix the loft board to the loft leg. Pozi drive drill bits enable you to use a cordless drill as a powerful screwdriver.
You will need to measure up to determine how many boards you need.
Loft boarding involves moving insulation around. Usually insulation is of the glass fibre wool type. This type of insulation is harmful to your lungs if breathed in. Please do the sensible thing and ensure you wear protection.
If installing glass fibre wool, then googles are a must. It will prevent your eyes from being irritated by the insulation.
If you do not wear a coat or a paper suit, you are guaranteed to feel very itchy after. These disposable suits are also handy for other types of jobs such as decorating.
Insulation requirements for lofts have increased dramatically throughout the years. Below you can see how insulation thickness has increased throughout the years.
If your home is more than 10 years old, its likely you will benefit from extra insulation. The largest majority of heat lost from a building is via the roof. The purpose of loft insulation is to slow down the heat loss process. Loft insulation can also save you a lot of money on heating bills per year.
All new homes are built to the insulation building regulations of the time. Building regulations do not require older homes to have insulation, but does recommend it.
Do you have water or gas pipes in your loft? If so then ensure you board around them to ensure easy access. If a water pipe bursts the last thing you want is to be ripping up your loft boards. This also applies to important electrical connection, such as light fittings and junction boxes.
The modern trend is to install down lights. However, such lighting does have a negative effect on insulation properties due to the amount of down lights required. Building regulations require a gap between your down lights and insulation. A generous gap ensures the down light will not overheat. Did you know that LED down lights can get very hot too due to there large heat sinks?
Fortunately there are companies which sell down light covers that are fire retardant, and draft proofing.
Be aware your floor will be raised by 175mm via loft legs when installing your flooring. Ideally you should lower the floor level next to the hatch, this only needs to be a ledge you can climb onto. It will make life easier gaining access to your loft.
There are many differences between insulation. Warton Woodworks only use insulation wool, space blanket or PIR insulation boards. PIR foam board is more effective then glass wool by a factor of 2. This means 100mm of PIR is equivalent to 200mm of glass fibre wool.
Usually customers go for standard glass fibre insulation. It is the most cost effective solution.
The most insulated your house is, the colder your loft will be. This is because the insulation is slowing down the heat trying to escape your house. A colder loft does also means warm moist air can condensate within the loft.
You reduce the amount of moist air within your home. Activities such as showering, cooking a dryer clothes create moisture. Any moist air within your home will raise when heating, thus entering your loft space. Make sure you install extractor fans in your bathroom and kitchen. Ideally you should choose extractors that directly vent to the outside, rather than recirculating ones.
Make sure your loft space have adequate ventilation. Ideally there should be a cross flow of air in your loft, from one eave to another. The air enters your loft via the soffit boards within the eaves.
Note: Only do this step if the old insulation has been damp due to water leakage. Or if the insulation looks like it could cause a fire hazard, such as having incredibly large amounts of dust collected on top.
Note: Do this step only if step 1 was carried out.
Roll out 100mm thickness glass mineral wool insulation between every joist within your loft. The top of your insulation should almost be flush with the top surface of the joists. Ensure this insulation is not covering your cavity wall gap.
Decide where in the loft you want your boarding. Your decision will be influenced by the shape and size of your loft. There may also be obstructions such as vertical beams at awkward angles.
Try to place your loft boarding area close to the loft hatch.
Choose an area where there are no water pipes, electrical junction boxes, light fittings or anything else you may need access too. If you board over such things it will be difficult to reach in the future.
Decide whether or not the whole loft needs to be boarded. Many people only board a small area of the loft to keep costs low. Also the amount of boarding should depend on how much you want to store.
Lay a piece of plywood (cut to suit) adjacent to the loft hatch. This will make it easier to climb into the loft via your ladder. The diagram below provides an example of where your plywood could be fixed down.
In order to achieve over 100mm of insulation, you will need to raise your loft boarding. This can be done using loft legs.
Screw the loft legs directly into your floor joists. Space them 1m apart along the joists. They should be fixed along every joist the floor will be. Joists are usually spaced about 300mm apart. This means you will have loft legs 300mm apart between joists, and 1m apart along the joists.
Insulation requirements for homes have increased dramatically over the years. Most older homes have insulation between the joists only, usually 100mm high. Loft boards were simply laid on top of the joists then screwed in. Current insulation requirements recommended by the Energy Saving Trust are 270mm. This figure is based on glass fibre wool insulation.
The 175mm loft legs you have installed allows a total depth of 300mm of insulation (glass wool).
If you currently do not have any insulation, lay 100mm of glass fibre wool between every loft joist. Cut the wool to the correct length and width.
The image represents an area in your loft that will not have loft boarding. The insulation used is called space blanket. This is simply glass mineral wool wrapped in foil. The purpose of the foil is to trap the glass fibres inside, making your loft air cleaner. It also makes the job easier and less itchy. As in the diagram above there is 100mm of insulation between the joists. Then 200mm thickness insulation is laid about at 90 degrees to the one underneath.
300mm of loft insulation means you have achieved over the recommended 270mm of insulation.
Please note that 150mm of PIR foam board insulation is equivalent to 300mm of glass mineral wool. However, mineral is a much cheaper solution.
Screw your first loft board down on top of your loft legs, close to the loft hatch. Use 2 screws per loft leg to fix the boards down. One board should have a total of 8 screws in it.
Slide the second loft board into place, so that it joins to the first one.
Make sure the orientation of the loft board is correct. Tongue and groove boards are designed to slot together.
Now screw the board into the legs beneath it using 2 per leg. This board should also have a total of 8 screws fixed into the loft legs.
The image has a total of 300mm of space blanket insulation. This is glass mineral wool wrapped in aluminium foil. The purpose of the foil is to help prevent the glass fibres from flowing through the air.
Below is some alternative insulation that can be used within lofts.
Space blanket is glass fibre wool wrapped in aluminium foil. It offers more protection against itchy fibers, making it more comfortable to lay. It also have a heat reflective foil surrounding it.
PIR board is twice as efficient then glass fibre wool. Therefore 100mm of kingspan is the same as 200mm of fibre glass wool insulation. This may be a good option if your loft space lacks height, or you want a neater finish. The great thing about this type of insulation is that it creates a tight seal, as its cut to size.
Below is a picture of loft legs being used with space blanket insulation. Loft legs are spaced about 30cm apart between every joist. Tongue and Groove chip board is then screwed to the loft legs.
Below is an image of a loft being topped up with more insulation. After we installed space blanket insulation between the rafters, we then placed 200mm space blanket on top. Always make sure you apply more insulation cross ways (90 degree's to the insulation underneath). This helps to prevent cold spots within your loft.
Below is an image of a loft entrance. Floor level is lower at the loft entrance compared to the storage area. This ensures easy loft access. PIR foam board (kingspan) insulation has been installed around the loft entrance. This customer wanted the very best insulation above his cold bathroom. Other areas of this loft use space blanket. The kingspan insulation also allow the customers to freely walk around his loft where no flooring is present.
We hope you enjoyed this how to board your loft guide. Please feel free to share it!
We done a hip to gable loft conversion on the bungalow, in the image below. See how we done it step by step, includes over 100 images from architect drawings to completion.