Green Square Capital LLC raised its position in iShares Russell 2000 ETF (NYSEARCA:IWM) by 9.0% in the 4th quarter, according to its most recent Form 13F filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission. The institutional investor owned 11,344 shares of the exchange traded fund's stock after acquiring an additional 936 shares during the quarter. Green Square Capital LLC's holdings in iShares Russell 2000 ETF were worth $1,519,000 at the end of the most recent quarter.
Other large investors have also recently modified their holdings of the company. Russell Investments Group Ltd. purchased a new position in shares of iShares Russell 2000 ETF during the third quarter valued at approximately $2,208,000. Nomura Asset Management Co. Ltd. lifted its holdings in shares of iShares Russell 2000 ETF by 428.6% during the third quarter. Nomura Asset Management Co. Ltd. now owns 7,559 shares of the exchange traded fund's stock valued at $1,274,000 after purchasing an additional 6,129 shares during the last quarter. Piedmont Investment Advisors Inc. lifted its holdings in shares of iShares Russell 2000 ETF by 44.5% during the third quarter. Piedmont Investment Advisors Inc. now owns 2,481 shares of the exchange traded fund's stock valued at $418,000 after purchasing an additional 764 shares during the last quarter. Canada Pension Plan Investment Board purchased a new position in shares of iShares Russell 2000 ETF during the third quarter valued at approximately $16,855,000. Finally, Verity Asset Management Inc. lifted its holdings in shares of iShares Russell 2000 ETF by 14.5% during the third quarter. Verity Asset Management Inc. now owns 15,652 shares of the exchange traded fund's stock valued at $2,638,000 after purchasing an additional 1,977 shares during the last quarter.
Shares of IWM opened at $149.62 on Friday. iShares Russell 2000 ETF has a twelve month low of $125.81 and a twelve month high of $173.39.
The company also recently declared a quarterly dividend, which will be paid on Tuesday, March 26th. Investors of record on Thursday, March 21st will be given a dividend of $0.4121 per share. This represents a $1.65 annualized dividend and a dividend yield of 1.10%. The ex-dividend date is Wednesday, March 20th.
COPYRIGHT VIOLATION NOTICE: This article was first posted by Watch List News and is the sole property of of Watch List News. If you are reading this article on another publication, it was copied illegally and reposted in violation of US & international trademark & copyright legislation. The original version of this article can be viewed at https://www.watchlistnews.com/green-square-capital-llc-purchases-936-shares-of-ishares-russell-2000-etf-iwm/2913806.html.


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Q: Change Drawer Icon of Drawer Widget being returned from an external Class I'm trying to change the icon and color of my drawer widget in Dart. I've found ways of doing it but none that apply to my scenario. My custom drawer widget is being returned from another class and so I can't change the leading icon in the home class where the app bar is or it will replace my current drawer. I won't show all the code because I don't believe it would be necessary. Any help would be appreciated.
My Current drawer and method of calling it:
Drawer class:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:new_app/Users.dart';
import '../main.dart';

class MainDrawer extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Drawer(
      child: Column(
        children: <Widget>[
          Container(
            width: double.infinity,
            padding: EdgeInsets.all(20),
            color: Theme.of(context).primaryColor,
            child: Center(
              child: Column(
                children: [
                  Container(

Menu Class/ home page:
import 'screens/drawer_main.dart';

class Home extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _HomeState createState() => _HomeState();
}

class _HomeState extends State<Home> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return WillPopScope(
        onWillPop: () {
          return new Future(() => false);
        },
        child: Scaffold(
          backgroundColor: Colors.blueGrey[900],
          appBar: AppBar(
            //backgroundColor: Colors.blueGrey[900],
            backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,
            automaticallyImplyLeading: true,
            title: Text(
              "Home Page",
              style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white),
            ),

            actions: <Widget>[
              //Profile Pic
              IconButton(
                icon: Icon(Icons.circle, color: Colors.white),
                tooltip: 'Comment Icon',
                onPressed: () {},
              ),
              MainPopUp(), //IconButton
            ],
            //IconButton
            brightness: Brightness.dark,
          ),
          //Current Method of Calling the Drawer:
          drawer: MainDrawer(),
          body: Center(

A: Add the leading property in the App Bar and then call the Drawer Widget Programmatically.
Scaffold(
      backgroundColor: Colors.blueGrey[900],
      appBar: AppBar(
        //backgroundColor: Colors.blueGrey[900],
         leading: Builder(
          builder: (context) => IconButton(
            icon: Icon(Icons.menu_rounded),
            onPressed: () => Scaffold.of(context).openDrawer(),
          ),
        ),
        backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,
        automaticallyImplyLeading: true,
        title: Text(
          "Home Page",
          style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white),
        ),

        actions: <Widget>[
          //Profile Pic
          IconButton(
            icon: Icon(Icons.circle, color: Colors.white),
            tooltip: 'Comment Icon',
            onPressed: () {},
          ),
          MainPopUp(), //IconButton
        ],
        //IconButton
        brightness: Brightness.dark,
      ),
      //Current Method of Calling the Drawer:
      drawer: MainDrawer(),

A: Add a leading inside AppBar() and open drawer programatically.
AppBar(
  leading: InkWell(
      child: Icon(
      //your preferred icon
      Icons.camera
     ),
     onTap: () {
         Scaffold.of(context).openDrawer();
     },
  ),
)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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You will learn to work with the 6 Human Hungers so you can interpret cravings correctly.
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Through 36 in-depth videos, our founder, Eric Edmeades, will walk you through the food mindset and lifestyle changes at the core of the WildFit philosophy. Eric's style is conversational and down-to-earth, so you won't encounter any confusing science terms. Each video training is straightforward and easy to understand right away.
Throughout the program you will participate in live video coaching calls where you'll receive direct support and feedback. These coaching sessions are a time to check in, be encouraged and get your questions answered.
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text:
UCC Holds 50th Congregation
some graduands at the ceremony
A total number of 6,826 students who have pursued various undergraduate and post-graduate programmes are expected to graduate at the University of Cape Coast's 50th Congregation for the 2016/2017 academic year.
The 2nd session of the 50th Congregation was on Thursday morning, 19th October, 2017 held to honour a total number of 2,128 graduands from the College of Humanities and Legal Studies who have completed their prescribed programmes of study, with their eligible academic awards.
This number is made up of students from the Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Business, Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Law.
Addressing the congregation, the Chairperson for the University's governing Council, Mrs. Nancy Thompson, congratulated the graduands and encouraged them to make an impact on society with the knowledge and skills they have acquired.
"The University of Cape Coast is very proud to be sending you out into the world as its ambassadors. Never cease to espouse the motto of your alma mater: Veritas, Nobis, Lumen, meaning Truth, Our guide", she remarked.
She added that they are now expected not only to make sacrifices but to also contribute significantly to the well-being of their families, community and the development of Ghana as a whole.
Mrs. Thompson, who became the Chairperson of the reconstituted council in July this year, commended the previous council, headed by Mr. Sam Nana Brew Butler, and the entire management, faculties and staff of the university, for their valuable services and hard work.
This according to her, has challenged them and also made their work considerably easier.
"I have come to appreciate the enormous responsibilities each member of the university community is shielding and admire the willingness of each to contribute his or her quota with commitment", she stated
She also announced that the university is facing, among several other challenges, an inadequate funding for teaching, research and infrastructure development and therefore appealed passionately to stakeholders for material and financial assistance towards the execution of the university's development projects.
"The university community would appreciate it very much if funds are made available to enable the university to expedite action on completing the infrastructural projects started with support from the GetFund but which have been starved and stalled for a number of years as a result of severe financial handicap", she said.
The Chairperson of the Council reaffirmed the university community's eagerness to see the resumption and completion of work on the projects which will alleviate the inadequate lecture theatre and office shape challenges confronting the university.
The Vice-Chancellor Prof. Joseph Ghartey Ampiah, in his words of advice to the graduands asked them to be very hardworking wherever they find themselves. This, he said, will open great doors for them.
He also disclosed that the establishment of the School of Economies and the School of Development Studies, has been given approval by the Academic Board.
Prof. Ampiah also took the opportunity to express his profound gratitude to some corporate bodies that have supported the university by way of offering sponsorships packages to students and sponsoring various activities of the university.
The 1st session of the congregation was held on August 12th this year, to award degrees to graduands of the School of Medical Sciences.
The 3rd session came off later in the day [Thursday, 19th October, 2017] with about 616 students graduating from the College of Health and Allied Sciences.
The 4th and 5th sessions, which will center on the College of Education Studies and the College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences respectively will come off on Friday, 20th October and will witness about 1,968 graduating from the college.
The final session will see 1,307 students from the School of Graduate Studies on Saturday, October 21, being awarded with various post graduate degrees.
Source: Nana Afia Tenkoramaa | Choicism.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


FB Tony Richardson won the Jets' Walter Payton Man of the Year award and is now up for the league award.
"It's for guys that are really active in the community over a number of years, guys that really pour themselves into the community and try to give back as much as they can," Richardson said.
This is another Curtis Martin type of guy....a good guy all around..in and off the field!
Great pick up by the JETS he opens the holes for thomas jones and he is one of the best FB in the game.


text:
Hammilton looks forward to F1 streak end
28 Oct, 2022 - 00:10 2022-10-27T21:15:01+00:00 2022-10-28T00:01:00+00:00 0 Views
LEWIS Hamilton says he expects Mercedes to end the 2022 Formula 1 season winless, despite having come agonisingly close to sealing victory at the United States Grand Prix.
Mercedes have endured a hugely disappointing campaign following the introduction of new design regulations and saw their eight-year streak of constructors' championships officially ended on Sunday as Red Bull added the title to Max Verstappen's second successive drivers' crown.
After an encouraging display in Austin, whether or not Mercedes can win one of the final three races – starting in Mexico this weekend – has been a hot topic of discussion, but the seven-time world champion isn't confident.
Hamilton pointed to the fact that his strong race performance was aided by being boosted to third on the grid because of penalties for Ferrari's Charles Leclerc and Red Bull's Sergio Perez.
"I think we really need to be realistic," Hamilton said. "The Red Bull car has been the fastest car by far all year and it is still the fastest car.
"So [in USA] we were in the position we were in through reliability.
"If Charles was there, if Perez was there for example, it would have been a different race because they would have been ahead of us.
We would have been on the third row.
"It was great to start third and be in a position to fight, but on true pace they were ahead of us today and they will be the next three races."
If Hamilton isn't to win in Mexico, Brazil or Abu Dhabi, all live on Sky Sports F1 starting with the Mexico City race this weekend, then it would bring his record-equalling run of winning at least win in all of his seasons to an end.
Hamilton was aiming to break the tie with Michael Schumacher in his 16th campaign this year.
Hamilton's hopes of victory in Austin were further boosted when Verstappen was held stationary for 11 seconds during his second and final pit stop, which saw the Red Bull driver drop around seven seconds behind the Brit, with Leclerc also between them.
However, Verstappen showed incredible speed to catch and pass both the Ferrari and Mercedes, before sealing his 13th victory in 19 races this season.
"Unless something drastic happens to any more of them, it's highly unlikely we'll have the true pace to be able to compete with them," Hamilton added.
"We'll give it everything we've got and we're working on a car to be able to fight with them.
"He (Verstappen) was behind Charles, that just shows how much pace they had in hand, to get past Charles, catch me, and finish three seconds ahead."
Hamilton's former team-mate, Nico Rosberg, agrees that Mercedes will need good fortune to be able to triumph in the final three races.
Asked on Sky Sports F1's Any Driven Monday if he thinks Mercedes will win a race, Rosberg said: "It's hard to say, at the moment you'd probably say no.
"They need luck. If they can really get the luck, like with Max's pit stop this weekend, if they can get something like that they have a real shot at it, but it's a tough ask.
"Normally there should have been Leclerc as well in front of them on the grid, so a lot of things need to go in their favour.
Despite his concerns over Mercedes' ability to compete for a win, Rosberg says he has been hugely impressed by Hamilton's driving, along with his team-mate George Russell.
"Lewis is driving at the top of his game, as always," added Rosberg, who beat Hamilton to the 2016 world championship before retiring.
"He's still absolutely excellent out there at the moment, super brilliant. So it's definitely not down to Lewis' driving, it's the car.
"So let's see, if the circumstances do come into his favour, or George's, then it can still come good.
"I really wish for it to happen for Mercedes, because they did such a great job to catch up during the season, understand the problems that they were having, which were really big, big problems.
"The porpoising, the breaking the floors because they were hitting the ground, and to figure that out during the year when you also have very limited testing was super difficult.
"Also to do it within the budget cap, such a big challenge and they've really made great progress." — Skysports.
Tapera's hat in hand27 Jan, 2023
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MSC rude awakening in Paramount U20 open...27 Jan, 2023
Tapera's hat in hand
Mega Market Mountaineers' quartet in Zim XI
MSC rude awakening in Paramount U20 opener
'ZIFA councillors voted for their blessers'
Social soccer gains traction
Who is next for Everton?


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text:
What if your weakness could also be your strength?
In the previous post, I wrote about Dana Terrace, who persisted with an idea for a TV series that her colleague called dumb. The Owl House was renewed for a second season by Disney before the first one even aired.
In an interview in the L. A. Times, Terrace mentioned feeling left out when she was a kid because she was kind of an oddball. She patterned one of the series' main characters on herself. She says, "He's just a little guy that wants to be big, so I always related to him. He's tiny and no one takes him seriously. He just wants to be taken seriously."
The reason I wanted to revisit this topic is that I think it demonstrates not only the power of persistence in the face of discouragement but also how we can turn what other people see as a weakness into a strength.
This is especially so for writers and artists because supposed weaknesses make great material. People will relate because everybody feels defective in some way, even the most apparently confident ones.
I did something similar in an animated series I created, called Norman Normal. The premise was that Noman is the only normal one in a family of superheroes. Even his baby sister and his dog have powers.
I think this mirrors the feeling of a lot of kids that they're surrounded by parents how have all the power and other kids who are smarter, better looking, or more talented. Of course, it was always Norman who came up with the solutions or was able to help his superhero family win the day. I hope some kids watching the show were comforted or inspired by that.
TURN IT AROUND FOR FUN AND PROFIT
Sometimes we avoid writing about our weaknesses and fears, even in the form of fiction, because they make us uncomfortable.
I'm suggesting that if you face your weakness or your fear and turn it into art--a script, a novel, a short story, a painting--you may end up creating your most powerful and appealing work. It could even be your most profitable work--56 episodes of Norman Normal were produced and because I had a good "created by" deal, it was quite lucrative.
This process can also be therapeutic, as I discovered when I wrote a play called "Killing Mother." (No, my mom never saw it.)
You don't have to make the work directly autobiographical--in fact, usually it's better if you give yourself a lot of leeway to fictionalize so that you can serve the story instead of being bound by the limitations of reality.
At the moment, I'm doing this with a screenplay called Leaving It Behind, about a criminal facing the end of his life. It was triggered when I had to have open-heart surgery and considered the (admittedly slim) chance that I might not make it. I'm not a criminal nor do I have a terminal illness (the operation went well) but the story incorporates a lot of my fears and thoughts at the time.
Maybe you're already doing this, but it may be worth checking whether there's anything in the darker corners of your psyche that you might turn around by putting it at the heart of your next project.
January 11, 2020 in creativity, Getting Ideas to Flow, Screenwriting, The Writer's Life, Writing a Novel, writing a play, Writing Characters, Writing methods | Permalink | Comments (0)
Actually, nobody IS watching. So for your first draft, feel free to be as clumsy, daring, or crazy as you like.
Put it aside for a while.
Then look at it.
What were you thinking!?
That's TOO crazy!
Or it just plain sucks.
The good news is, STILL nobody's watching.
You get to rewrite it as often as you want.
Or maybe more times than you want, but you keep going because you know it's not quite as good as you can make it yet.
Then, finally, when it's ready, you send it out.
NOW somebody's watching.
They may still say it's too crazy or wonder what you were thinking or that it sucks.
If they have constructive criticism or you suddenly see another way to improve it, great, back to the desk with it.
If not, keep sending it out until it finds a champion.
Meanwhile, write another thing like nobody's watching.
October 12, 2019 in creativity, Feed Your Head, Screenwriting, The Writer's Life, Writing a Novel, writing a play, Writing methods, Writing Motivation | Permalink | Comments (1)
Writing Excuses Demolished: "I don't have time."
One of the most common reasons that comes up when people say they want to write but they aren't is "I don't have time."
Really? Do you watch TV, go to the movies, use social media? I'm not saying you have to eliminate these, but you could cut back on them and other things that take up your time in order to carve out at least a few hours every week for writing. For instance, is it more important to know who's dancing with the stars or getting chucked out of the baking competition, or writing your script or novel?
Many novels have been written in moments stolen from lunch hours and work breaks, or early mornings or late nights. One friend of mine took a job working at a pizza parlor because during the slow hours between lunch and dinner he had the chance to work on his novel. His supervisor didn't care, as long as the customers who came in were tended to.
What are the odd moments you could use—if not to actually write, maybe to brainstorm in order to flesh out your characters or plot?
What's one thing that you can stop doing and use that time to write?
September 20, 2019 in Productivity, Screenwriting, The Writer's Life, time management, Time to Write, Writing a Novel | Permalink | Comments (0)
The Writing Payoff You May Not Be Expecting
We tend to think the payoff for writing a book is getting it into the hands of readers, and the payoff for writing screenplays is seeing your work on a screen, small or large. That's not wrong, especially if you're hoping for a financial payoff.
But novelist Anne Lamott has another angle to consider, one that I feel more connected to these days:
"I just try to warn people who hope to get published that publication is not all that it is cracked up to be. But writing is. Writing has so much to give, so much to teach, so many surprises. That thing you had to force yourself to do — the actual act of writing — turns out to be the best part."
I know exactly the reaction I would have had to this quote before I had anything published or produced: "Easy for you to say, Anne Lamott! You've had books published and you're famous(ish)! Don't worry, I'll deal with the disappointments if they happen, just let somebody produce one of my scripts--or at least buy one!"
I'm not suggesting that you should lose any of that drive or ambition--it's necessary for a writing career. I only want to say there's more than that, and the joy of writing can get lost if you're putting all of your focus on worrying about what happens to it afterward.
The reason I feel more connected to the rewards of writing for its own sake is that over the course of a difficult 18 months, health-wise (much better, now, thanks), I still had the drive to write, even if only short films and scenes that I wrote without thinking about whether they would ever be submitted anywhere, much less produced or published.
Now I'm getting back to writing scripts for which I have commercial ambitions, but with a greater appreciation of what a friendly, healing presence writing can be.
June 24, 2019 in creativity, happiness, PS personal posts, psychology, The Writer's Life, Writing Motivation | Permalink | Comments (0)
You DO have time to write!
There's no question about it, even though technology was supposed to make life easier and give us more time, the demands on us are escalating.
Making the time to do something that is important to you, like writing the screenplay or novel you've been thinking about for ages, is a bigger challenge than ever…but it IS possible.
Here are three ways to help you get started:
Consciously decide what you are NOT going to do anymore.
You're already doing something every hour of the day. There's no way to turn a day into 25 hours just because you want to now spend an hour a day writing.
That means you have to decide what it is you do now for an hour a day that you will stop doing.
Some likely candidates are watching TV, surfing the web, housework, errands, laundry, and hanging out with people out of habit rather than because you enjoy it. You may be thinking, "Wait--the laundry has to be done, so do errands! That brings us to strategy number two:
Find ways to delegate some of the things you are doing now.
Can your spouse or kids take over some of the chores you are doing now?
Can you hire a high school or college student to run errands for a you a few hours on the weekend?
Can you hire somebody online? (There's a great site at www.Fiverr.com that lists what people will do for $5 (or more). There's a UK version, Fivesquid.com, and you can use either one. There is an amazing variety of services on offer. For instance, I've used it recently to get somebody to transcribe 10 minutes of an audio interview recording and to create original music for the introduction to a podcast I'm planning.
Barter or exchange services
For example, if you and your neighbor both have kids, you might swap babysitting services to give each of you a free afternoon.
At the end of your life, do you want to think back and say, "Well, I never got around to writing the stories I was passionate about, but my kitchen sure was spotless!"? Or, "I could have written a script that would have had an impact on the world, but then again going bowling with the gang from work every Friday night was fun even though George from HR got on my nerves and my feet always hurt from wearing those stupid bowling shoes"?
The time to start doing something about your dream is now, and you CAN make the time to make it come true.
June 20, 2019 in Productivity, The Writer's Life, time management | Permalink | Comments (0)
Writers (and others): Watch your language!
On your road to success as a screenwriter, you're going to have to convince a lot of people that what you're doing is worthwhile. The same is true for almost any other profession.
If you're a screenwriter, how you speak to agents, financiers, actors, studio or network people and even how you speak to yourself can make a big difference to the results you get.
Nick Kemp is a Neuro Linguistic Programming trainer who has worked in schools to help students and teachers be more effective. In an article published in the magazine ReSource he reveals a simple change in language that creates positive effects.
He noticed that in interviews with staff, many of them used phrases like "I'll try to..." or "We'll aim to..." or "Hopefully..." or "All being well..."
All of these imply that failure is possible (perhaps even that it's likely). When he had them switch to definite statements like "I will..." it changed their thinking and their whole state in the classroom.
Listen to how you speak about things you are about to undertake, especially when dealing with agents, producers, actors, directors—anybody who may hire you to write a script or with whom you might collaborate. Do you use qualifiers that suggest you may not/will not succeed?
If you find it difficult to be aware of this as it goes on, try tape recording yourself for a few hours.
You might want to extend this to how you respond to questions like, "How are you?" or "How's it going?" Do you say (as I'm guilty of doing), "Not too bad"?
It would be better to reply, "Going well," or "Fine, thanks" --at least to those people who aren't actually interested in a factual account of our challenges (which is most people).
Switch to definite statements that presuppose success, and notice the difference in how you feel, how you carry out your work, and the level of interest you get from others.
June 17, 2019 in Feed Your Head, Getting an agent, Marketing Your Book or Other Writing, Pitching, psychology, Screenwriting, The Writer's Life | Permalink | Comments (0)
Screenwriters (and others): Reject Rejection!
Getting rejected is a normal part of every screenwriter's life but it can make it difficult to stay motivated.
Fortunately, cognitive therapy offers a lot of useful tools for making sure we don't let rejection affect us negatively.
Here are three distortions that are very common among writers when their work is rejected or they have other setbacks. As you read them, ask yourself whether any of these reflect your thinking.
Overgeneralization: the tendency to think that one event represents a pattern.
Example: Your screenplay is rejected, and you think, "This script is never going to sell!" Or you read an article about how a producer ripped off a writer, and you assume, "All these producers are out to cheat writers."
Disqualifying the positive: the tendency to ignore or discount positive developments.
Example: You get a rejection but it includes an encouraging comment on it, and you think, "Who cares about positive comments, it still didn't sell."
Or someone wants to produce a script for a short film you've written, and you think, "Yeah, but it isn't for a feature script, so it doesn't really count."
Mind reading: the tendency to assume you know what someone else is thinking or their motivation.
Example: A producer says your script isn't right for them, and you conclude, "They obviously think my writing isn't good enough."
The reality may be that it's well-written but too close to something else they have in the works, or not in a genre they're interested in at the moment.
Or you submit a query letter and don't get an answer, and assume, "They must have hated that idea, probably it's no good."
Unfortunately, not answering is the new "no" but that doesn't mean they hated it, just that it wasn't right for them at this point.
The solutions
By the way, you may have noticed that these are mistakes we make about rejection of all kinds, so knowing how to deal with it can come in handy in many contexts. Here's how to do it:
Notice it's happening.
It's hard to think clearly when you're upset, so start by sitting down, taking a deep breath and noticing what you're saying to yourself in response to the rejection.
Write down those thoughts. Then use the following methods to challenge the statements you've written down.
Overcoming overgeneralizations
If you're thinking something "always" happens—does it, really?
Can you think of times when it didn't happen?
If you can't (because your thinking is clouded) ask someone close to you whether they can think of counter-examples.
It's unlikely, but what if it DOES always happen--every time? Then think about what you could do differently in order to get a different outcome.
If you tend to be so excited about what you've written that you send it out immediately to agents or producers and they consistently reject it, try holding back. Put it aside for a while. Get outside feedback. Rewrite as necessary. Repeat. Only when you're sure it's as good as you can make it, send it out.
Another example: If people never respond well to your spoken pitches, get some feedback on whether you're doing your ideas justice with how you present them. If necessary, get some coaching in public speaking or storytelling.
How to avoid disqualifying the positive
If you're discounting something, ask what is genuinely positive about it.
Again, you may need to get someone who is more objective to help you with this.
An encouraging comment is a good sign that you're on the right track, even if it came jotted on a rejection slip.
Getting a short film made is great--many short films have attracted attention for their writers or even have become the basis of feature films.
If you absolutely can't think of anything positive, commit to withholding judgment. The positive element may become clear in time.
I'll give you a personal example: when my house burned to the ground years ago, I had a hard time finding the silver lining. Especially because not long afterward I found myself hospitalized with a blood clot. But those two events led me to re-evaluate what I wanted from life. I decided to move from Los Angeles to London, and I'm happier here than I was there.
Without a major wake-up call and not having to worry about all my possessions (since they all burned up), I don't know whether I would have made that move.
How to stop mind-misreading
If you're mind-reading, come up with at least three other things the other person might be thinking. That's still mind-reading, but it opens you up to the fact that we can't know what's on another person's mind.
NLP guru Richard Bandler once said he likes to practice pronoia: the idea that the universe is conspiring to make him happy. Even if you don't go that far, I'm sure you can think of times when you assumed someone was thinking something and it turned out that wasn't it at all.
But even if someone did think, for example, that your script stinks, so what? That's one person's opinion. Almost every script or book that was accepted first had a bunch of rejections.
If you remind yourself that rejection is part of the process and not a catastrophe you'll find it much easier to move on.
June 09, 2019 in psychology, The Writer's Life, Writer's block, Writing Motivation | Permalink | Comments (0)
Will your screenplay or novel be a hit?
It's easy to expend a lot of energy worrying about whether what you're working on will be a success.
I've done it and I'm sure I'll do it again, but it's wasted energy. It can even lead to writer's block.
In his book, Drawing From Within, artist Nick Meglin writes:
"I once asked a writer friend what he was working on and he said wryly, 'I'm writing a hit play.' He knows what all playwrights know: You can't write a hit.
You can only write a play and have it performed. The public will then determine if it's a hit.
Neil Simon wrote more commercial hits than any other living playwright, but even he would be the first to tell you he never knew which of his plays would be a 'hit.' It's totally out of his control. What he does control is the time and energy he devotes, and the personal statement he makes in his writing. When he writes 'The End,' the curtain goes down on both his play and his control of its success."
That's worth repeating: The only thing we control is the time and energy we devote to our writing and the personal statement we make with it. If we find ourselves fretting over whether the world will judge our writing to be any good, that's a cue to focus on those three elements instead.
April 15, 2019 in Productivity, psychology, Screenwriting, The Writer's Life, Writer's block, Writing Motivation | Permalink | Comments (0)
What's the best place to write?
The best place to write is wherever you feel most inspired and productive, but there's a good case for trying writing or brainstorming in your nearest nice park. According to Science Daily:
"Taking at least 20 minutes out of your day to stroll or sit in a place that makes you feel in contact with nature will significantly lower your stress hormone levels.
That's the finding of a study that has established for the first time the most effective dose of an urban nature experience.
Healthcare practitioners can use this discovery to prescribe 'nature-pills' in the knowledge that they have a real measurable effect." [The study was published in Frontiers of Psychology]
Especially now that we're on the verge of friendlier weather in many places, why not take your favorite notebook or even your laptop to a park bench, spend the first ten minutes just breathing deeply and enjoying the scenery and then have thinking or writing session. When people are blocked I always suggest a change of location, and that could be another benefit of writing in the park.
If you try it, let me know how it works for you, in the comments here or via email to [email protected] And if you can't get out to a park today, stare at the picture below for a minute...
April 05, 2019 in Feed Your Head, Getting Ideas to Flow, Productivity, psychology, The Writer's Life, Writing a Novel, Writing methods, Writing Motivation | Permalink | Comments (0)
Four mistaken beliefs about writing
There are a few bits of writing advice that I run across a lot that I think are bogus and may be damaging your confidence:
"You must write every day."
It's great if you do write every day, but there are plenty of successful writers who don't. Some have periods during which they research and periods during which they write. Some write a lot for a few days, then take a couple of days off. Whatever works best for you is right.
"You're not a real writer until your work has been published."
Was Charles Dickens a real writer the day before his first book was published? I'd say yes.
It may be fair to say you're not a professional writer until you've been paid for your writing, that's just how we define "professional."
If you're writing, you're a real writer. Anybody who doesn't think so just has a different definition of real.
"Your success as a writer is determined by how many books or scripts you've sold."
You get to set your own definition of success.
Is the best-selling writer automatically a better writer than someone who hasn't sold as many copies? Obviously not. The former may just be a better promoter, or have a more powerful agent, or a big publisher pushing his or her book.
My definition of success for myself as a scriptwriter was (and still is), "Am I making a living from this?" That's because I devote full-time to it.
The first three years I wasn't successful because I didn't make enough from writing to support myself. Ever since, I've been successful--although of course there are many, many scriptwriters who have made more money and had more projects produced. I respect and, in some cases, admire them, but I've never found it helpful to spend much time comparing myself to others.
Another definition of success is, "the things I'm writing these days are generally better than the things I was writing a couple of years ago--by my own standards."
"You're an imposter and will be found out."
This is one a lot of people tell themselves. Not only in the arts, although it's likely that it's more pervasive in the arts than in, say, accounting. The odds are that you're not an imposter and if you are, probably you won't be found out.
A belief of mine that may be more useful: "I'm not as good as I think I am on the days I think I'm really good, and not as bad as I think on the days I think I'm really bad."
A couple of useful questions:
When you find yourself worrying about issues like these, ask, "Says who?"
Literally, who says that?
What makes them the expert?
They may be an expert on what works for them, but does that makes them an expert on what will work for you?
Might the opposite be true?
If so, which one feels more constructive?
Try operating on the basis of that one.
September 13, 2018 in creativity, Productivity, Screenwriting, The Writer's Life, Writing a Novel, writing a play, Writing methods, Writing Motivation | Permalink | Comments (0)
WISE ADVICE FROM ANDY WARHOL
"Don't think about making art, just get it done. Let everyone else decide if it's good or bad, whether they love it or hate it. While they are deciding, make more art."
--Andy Warhol
July 07, 2018 in Feed Your Head, Getting Ideas to Flow, The Writer's Life, Writer's block | Permalink | Comments (0)
How to avoid being scammed by people like this guy
Author and TV producer Lee Goldberg has a post on his blog about James Strauss, a "convicted con artist and fake TV writer."
Goldberg has received many emails with horror stories from people saying they've been conned or harassed by Strauss.
A recent one was from a young filmmaker asking whether he should do free work for Strauss in exchange for help breaking in to the business. Since Strauss has zero real Hollywood experience and has stiffed screenwriters, conference organizers, and many others, the answer is a loud NO.,
In 1998 Strauss pleaded guilty to defrauding a teachers' retirement fund out of $400,000. He was sentenced to 21 months. In addition he was accused of embezzling more than $20,000 from a Santa Fe Business while out on pre-release from the other case.
Unfortunately, there are many like him out there, swindling aspiring writers and others.
If you are unsure about anybody offering you services like matching you with producers or publishers, public relations, promotion, editing, publishing help, etc. do your homework before you hand over money or agree to work for free! Here's what to do:
1: Google their name, the name of their company and anything else you know about them. Go past the first page of results. Smart crooks often set up fake websites full of endorsements for themselves, but under different names.
Many times they'll have a headline like, "Is X a scam?" and in the body of the site say, of course not! They use SEO to drive these sites to the top of Google results, pushing genuine sites down to page 2 or 3 or 4.
In the case of a bogus publisher, I Googled the names of the books they had supposedly published and none were listed on Amazon, nor did any of the alleged authors have websites.
2: If they feature endorsements, follow them up. Ask for complete names and contact details. If all you can get is quotes like, "X got me a big Hollywood deal!" -- Annette F., Detroit...well, that's not enough!
It's true that some people who give an endorsement don't like to give their full names and email addresses but the person in question should be able to give you at least a few who are willing to be contacted via email.
3: If the endorsements also feature photos, do a reverse image search.
First, go to http://images.google.com/ and click on the camera button and upload the image (you can usually click and drag it off the page on the person's website). Or you can drag and drop it into the search blank on the Google image search page.
Then also use TinEye, the simple instructions are at www.tineye.com. Both are free to use and sometimes an image source pops up on one but not on the other.
If you're dealing with a con artist, the image may turn out to have been sourced from a stock image site. That turned out to be the case with one subsidy publisher I looked into a couple of years ago.
4: Ask for specifics. For instance, if they say they can get you in the door at a studio, ask whom they deal with there--who is their contact?
That may be enough to scare them off.
If they're brazen they may say, "Spielberg, of course!" Don't be afraid to email that supposed contact, tell them what you've been told and ask if they have a relationship with the person making the claims.
5. Spread the word. If you find somebody is deceiving people, spread the word via your blog, Facebook, other social media and to relevant groups (like writing groups) and organizations.
Be sure to stick to the facts. Don't say, "X is a con artist and fraudster!" Instead, say, "X offered to connect me with producer Y, yet when I got in touch with Y I was told they have never heard of X." Or, "The pictures of supposed satisfied clients on X's websites turn out to be stock photos purchased from iStock."
The reason for being careful to stick to the facts is that scam artists often like to threaten lawsuits. I had a few threatening letters from Tate Publishing, for instance, before they went bust and two of the principals were arrested. But because I'd stuck to the facts, there was nothing to sue me about.
Usually they're bluffing, but getting into even a bogus lawsuit is no fun. The facts should be damning enough. The reason I can characterize James Strauss as a con artist is that he's been convicted of embezzlement. Is he still conning people right now? I don't know but I'd sure avoid getting involved with him in any way, based on his past and the continuing complaints.
Let the buyer beware!
February 22, 2018 in Getting an agent, Marketing Your Book or Other Writing, Protecting Your Material, publishers, publishers to beware, Screenwriting, Self-publishing, The Writer's Life, Writing a Novel, Writing for Children | Permalink | Comments (0)
An improv principle that can improve your year
The number one thing I learned when I studied with improv group The Groundlings and also with Keith Johnstone when he visited the UK is:
"YES, and..."
It has applications far beyond the improv stage, so let me give you a quick explanation of what it means, starting with an example:
Let's say you're on stage and another actor (one new to improv) comes in. You decide he's your dad, so you say, "Hi, Dad!"
The other actor says, "I'm not your dad!" thinking that's funny and it'll lead to conflict--after all, comedy and drama are based on conflict, right? Well, the right kind of conflict.
But in this case, now you have to come up with a reason why you thought this person is your when he actually isn't...or you have to say something like, "Dad, your dementia is getting worse!" In which case, I'm pretty sure the other actor would say, "I don't have dementia!"
As you can probably imagine, this scene isn't going anywhere interesting.
Starting a scene by denying (saying no) to what you are offered is a dead end.
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE ACTOR SAYS "YES, AND..."
Now imagine that the other actor accepts that you're his son or daughter. He says, "Hi, Brad/Janet, I just wanted to find out whether you've decided yet."
Now you accept (say yes to) the idea that you were about to make a decision and make one up, like "I have! I'm not going ahead with the wedding."
If you're working with a group, that could be the cue for the bride or groom to come into the scene and say, "This is the happiest day of my life! I never thought I'd actually get married!"
Now you have some conflict that has potential to become a funny (or tragic) scene and the conflict is rooted in something real.
The "and" is the secret sauce.
If you just said, "I'm not marrying you!" and she said, "Yes, you are!" and you said, "No, I'm not!" etc. that doesn't go anywhere.
But if you say, "Darling, I'm not marrying you after all, but (this is the "and" additional material) I know someone who would be perfect for you!"
Rather than her screaming "No!" her more interesting response might be, "Oh...who?" (which is another form of "yes, and...").
OUR 'NO' MINDSET
For some reason, probably to do with evolution in some way, most of us seem to be primed to say 'no.' Of course we have to be able to do that, but often that leads to a dead end, whereas saying 'yes' and adding something often leads somewhere interesting.
ONE TIME 'YES, AND' PAID OFF IN LIFE
Some years ago I was in a class and chatted with a young woman who asked what I did. I told her I was a writer. She asked whether she could read something I'd written.
Some people are very worried that if they show their scripts, the ideas or the scripts themselves might steal the material. You can say 'no,' and thereby guarantee your material will not be stolen, but you'll also guarantee that nothing good will come of showing the script, either.
In this case, I said, "Yes...and I'll bring in a copy next week." (These days I'd just email it to her, but this was in the dark ages.)
I gave her a copy of a spec comedy script I'd written. The next week she said she loved it and that her boss wanted to meet me.
I had no idea what kind of job she had, but it turned out that she worked for a producer. She read my script at her desk on her lunch hour and he heard her laughing. He asked her what was so funny. She told him it was a script by a fellow student and he asked to read it. He liked it, too, and wanted to meet me in case any comedy assignments came up at his company.
I wish I could say it led to a million-dollar assignment; it didn't but it was still useful to talk to him and find out about his company--this was in the days before I had an agent or any other way to get to people like him.
I like that story because it proves that you never know what seemingly random event might lead to something useful.
WHAT ARE YOU SAYING 'NO' TO?
Naturally we have to prioritize because we can't do everything. But often saying yes and adding something doesn't take a lot of time.
It might be worth thinking about whether this year you'd like to try saying 'yes, and...' to more things and seeing what happens.
That could be in your career or your personal life.
DO YOU SAY 'YES, AND' OFTEN ENOUGH...TO YOURSELF?
It may be that the person you say no to most often is....yourself.
For instance, maybe you think, "Hmm, I wonder whether I could learn a new language this year."
It's easy to say, no, I'm too old, or I don't have time, or I probably don't have a knack for languages, or, or, or... dead end!
What if you said, "Yes, and I'm going to try it out by..." using an app like Duolingo, or taking a sample evening class, or finding lessons online, etc.
If you don't like it, you can still say no, but at least you'll have given yourself a chance.
Can you think of something that it could be useful or fun to say 'yes, and' to? Feel free to share (or to keep it a secret).
January 13, 2018 in creativity, Feed Your Head, Getting Ideas to Flow, happiness, psychology, Self-publishing, The Writer's Life | Permalink | Comments (0)
The diet that fights depression
The first large study of the role of diet in depression shows that what you eat can improve or hinder your chances of going into remission.
The study consisted of one group that was given help from a clinical dietician and one given help with social support.
At the end of three months, one-third of the dietary group were in remission from depression, compared to 8% of the other group.
Members of the dietary group were encouraged to eat vegetables, fruit, whole grains, legumes, fish, lean red meat, olive oil, and nuts.
They were encouraged to avoid refined cereals, candies, fried food, fast food, processed meat, and sugary drinks.
The ones who stuck closest to these recommendations benefitted the most.
The study appears in the journal BMC Medicine (http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0791-y)
February 16, 2017 in Feed Your Head, Getting Ideas to Flow, happiness, Productivity, psychology, The Writer's Life | Permalink | Comments (0)
Whatever your writing is, let it be that (a lesson I learned the hard way)
I created a surreal sitcom for which I wrote a spec script not so long ago. A friend got it to a writer/producer who said he thought it was very funny, but he couldn't identify enough with the characters and I should change it to make it more like a current comedy series about the challenges of a working class single parent.
There was a time when I probably would have scrambled to try to do that, but I won't, and here's why:
What I mean is that while it's always possible to improve a piece of writing, it's a waste of time to change it to try to make it something that it isn't. Usually, the result is a compromise that won't please anybody. And I have the stories to prove it...
AN EXPERIENCE I CAN (ALMOST) LAUGH ABOUT NOW
Once upon a time I wrote a romantic comedy TV movie that the wonderful producer Stan Margulies wanted to make (he produced the original "Roots' mini-series).
We took it to one network and they said they wanted to do it with a particular actress. The next week, it came out that this actress had a drug problem, and the network backed out.
Stan and I took it to another network. They said they loved it, they wanted only one change: "Someone should be trying to kill the young woman."
We pointed out that it's a romantic comedy. "Oh yeah, don't lose that," the network exec said. "Just add the thriller element."
Stan and I had a lunch of pasta and lots of wine. LOTS of wine. We talked ourselves into trying it. I hated every minute of writing that version.
I hated every minute of writing that version.
We took it back to the network exec. He loved it. However, his boss, who made the final decision, didn't, and the network didn't make it.
We'll never know whether the top guy would have gone ahead with the original if we'd been able to get it to him directly, but I learned a lesson.
IF IT FAILS, LET IT FAIL FOR THE RIGHT REASON
In the sitcom, naturally I want my characters to be plausible within the world I've created, but the series is about the strangeness of everyday life, as reflected in fantasies and events that, while grounded in the greater reality, are not commonplace everyday events.
Giving the characters the kind of emotional reality that might attach to a single parent struggling to make ends meet would be incompatible with the basic idea of the series.
The series may or may not be any good, but if it fails I want it to fail on its own terms.
It calls to mind a quote that has been attributed to various people, including Luther Price:
"Be what you is, not what you ain't; 'cause if you ain't what you is, you is what you ain't."
I share this in case it's helpful when you get advice about your writing.
Ask yourself whether the change would make it a better version of what it is, or would it force it to try to be something it ain't.
If it's the latter, forget it, no matter how much wine you've had.
(Come to think of it, this might be a good practice regardless of what the advice is about.)
January 17, 2017 in rewriting, Screenwriting, Television, The Writer's Life, Writing a Novel, writing a play, Writing Characters, Writing for children, Writing for Young Adults (YA) | Permalink | Comments (0)


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Fight firebugs with fire
TRESPASSING teenagers who hang out in school grounds during the summer holidays are being warned to expect a 'robust response' from police in Halton.
Braced for an inevitable rise in youth crime committed by bored teenagers over summer, the police have been stepping up patrols at schools and other hotspots where gangs are known to congregate at night.
But barely three days after the schools broke up for summer a blaze was set by arsonists in ground floor science rooms at Fairfield High School.
Halton council as the education authority is looking at footing a bill for more than £100,000 to repair the damage.
Now, youths caught in school grounds can expect to be prosecuted.
The Fairfield incident has made police more determined than ever to stamp out arson committed by youths.
Officers from neighbourhood policing units in Widnes and Runcorn will push for full prosecution of anyone found on school premises without authorisation.
Inspector Nick Bailey, who heads Widnes Neighbourhood Policing Unit, said: 'Across Widnes and Runcorn we have had a lot of meetings before the summer holidays involving the schools, fire brigade and Halton Borough Council. We also met with caretakers prior to the schools breaking up to go over the precautions for preventing fires and arson attacks.
'We are now giving extra attention to schools.
'We are concerned about the number of youths congregating in the grounds at Fairfield High School and we have been aware of the ongoing problems there.
'For example, on Friday night 100 kids had to be dispersed from the school premises.
'On the night of the fire we attended an incident at Fairfield just an hour before it started.
'Sadly, this has happened despite our best efforts to minimise this problem; an awful lot has been done to prevent this kind of thing.
'It is clear that some people are intent on wrecking schools in this way.
'This is a deliberate act to cause as much damage as possible, not just a case of kids messing about.
'There are now security guards on the site.'
He added: 'Anyone found trespassing on school premises can expect a robust response from us.
'We are looking to prosecute anyone who is found on school premises.
Inspector Bailey is urging witnesses to phone 0845 458 6383 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111. adrian.short@cheshirenews.co.uk


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What is the most common opera song?
October 16, 2019 by Rhyley Bryan
What is the world's most popular opera?
What are the most popular opera songs?
What are the most popular operas?
What are some famous Italian opera songs?
Best opera songs list part 1 (1 – 10)
O Mio Babbino Caro. Let's start our list of the greatest opera songs by this delicious song.
La donna è mobile.
Habanera.
Libiamo ne'lieti calici.
Nessun dorma.
Largo al factotum – opera song by Rossini.
Un Bel Di Vedremo.
Queen of the Night – Famous opera song by Mozart.
Top 10 Most Popular Operas in the World
La traviata, by Verdi.
Carmen, by Bizet.
Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute), by Mozart.
La bohème, by Puccini.
Tosca, by Puccini.
Il barbiere di Siviglia (The Barber of Seville), by Rossini.
Rigoletto, by Verdi.
Le nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro), by Mozart.
Let me just say, it was incredible. Tosca is a dramatic opera that when performed just right can make you shed a few tears. Its famous aria "Vissi d'Arte" is the most well-known song from the opera, made largely popular by the great soprano, Maria Callas.
Best Operas: Top 10 Most Popular Operas Best Operas: Top 10 Most Popular Operas Carmen La Traviata La Bohème Rigoletto Tosca Le Nozze Di Figaro (The Marriage Of Figaro) Don Giovanni Die Walküre (The Valkyrie) Il Barbiere Di Siviglia (The Barber Of Seville) Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute)
Mozart composed more than 600 works in all music genres known in his time. Some of most famous and most widely performed Mozart's works include Requiem, Symphony No. 40, operas The Magic Flute and The Marriage of Figaro , Piano Sonata No 16 in C Major, Symphony No. 25, Piano Concerto No. 21 and Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mov. 3 – Turkish March ).
How are Miss Maudie and Mrs Dubose different?
Research Proposal Format Which Will Fulfill You


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There has been a security breach that exposed some information about WWE fans, with upwards of 3 million users having their names exposed to whoever had access to the web address. The details of the leak are filled with technical jargon that can be a bit difficult to parse, but it's obviously a very bad thing that this information has gotten out there.
Earlier this week, Bob Dyachenko, from security firm Kromtech, told Forbes he'd uncovered a huge, unprotected WWE database containing information on more than 3 million users, noting it was open to anyone who knew the web address to search. Looking at samples of the leaked information provided by Dyachenko, all data was stored in plain text.
The data – which also included home and email addresses, birthdates, as well as customers' children's age ranges and genders where supplied – was sitting on an Amazon Web Services S3 server without username or password protection, Dyachenko said. It's likely the database was misconfigured by WWE or an IT partner as in other recent leaks on Amazon-hosted infrastructure. WWE said it was investigating.


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Q: Why can't my post functions access a variable above it? I'm trying to figure out why the post functions at the end of the following code do not have access to the userID variable (I'm assuming it's a scope issue as logging userId immediately before the functions returns the correct value).
    $.get("/set_languages_user", function(res) {
    console.log(res)

    if ( res.length === 0 ) {

        var getUserInfo = $.get('/set_user', function(res){

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State Highway 98 (SH 98)  is a north–south state highway in Bowie County, Texas, covering a total distance of . Its northern terminus is at U.S. Highway 82,  due west of New Boston. From there, it travels half a mile south, passing under Interstate 30. Two miles further south, it intersects Farm to Market Road 1840, and FM 561 beyond that. It ends at U.S. Highway 67 in the unincorporated community of Simms.  The original route originally ended closer to New Boston traveling along current FM 1840, but was redirected north along FM 2552 in 1966.

Route description
SH 98 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 67 at the community of Simms.  The route then travels to the north through ranchlands and forested areas in central Bowie County.  Noteworthy sights along this route include the Telford Unit, a 2,832-bed Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison site named for state congressman and De Kalb resident Barry Telford.  The route crosses Interstate 30 before reaching its northern terminus about a mile further north at U.S. Route 82.  The road continues further north as Farm to Market Road 3378.

History
The route is one of few routes that has changed its path very little since it was designated. The route was initially designated on July 18, 1924 between Simms and New Boston. On October 3, 1966, the route was redirected northward away from entering New Boston and to instead connect with Interstate 30, replacing Farm to Market Road 2552, which had just been paved at the time. The road into New Boston was re-designated as an eastward extension of Farm to Market Road 1840.

Junctions

References

098
Transportation in Bowie County, Texas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The historicity of Muhammad refers to the study of Muhammad as a historical figure and critical examination of sources upon which traditional accounts are based.

The earliest Muslim source of information for the life of Muhammad, the Quran, gives very little personal information and its historicity is debated. Prophetic biography, known as sīra, along with attributed records of the words, actions, and the silent approval of Muhammad, known as hadith, survive in the historical works of writers from the second and third centuries of the Muslim era (c. 700−1000 CE), and give a great deal of information on Muhammad, but the  reliability of this information is very much debated in some academic circles. In addition there are a relatively small number of contemporaneous or near-contemporaneous non-Muslim sources which attest to the existence of Muhammad and are valuable both in themselves and for comparison with Muslim sources.

Islamic sources

The main Islamic source on Muhammad's life are the Quran and accounts of Muhammad's life based on oral traditions known as sīra and hadith.

Quran

According to traditional Islamic scholarship, all of the Quran was written down by Muhammad's companions while he was alive (during CE 610–632), but it was primarily an orally related document.
Following the death of Muhammad the Quran ceased to be revealed, and companions who had memorized the Quran began to die off (particularly after the Battle of Yamama in 633). Worried that parts of the Quran might be irretrievably lost,  senior companion Umar urged Caliph Abu Bakr to order the collection of the pieces of the Quran which had hitherto been scattered among "palm-leaf stalks, thin white stones, ... [and] men who knew it by heart, ..." put them together.
Under Caliph Uthman, a committee of five copied the scraps into a single volume, "monitoring the text as they went", resolving disagreements about verses, tracking down a lost verse. This muṣḥaf – that became known as the "Uthmanic codex" – was finished around 650 CE, whereupon Uthman issued an order for all other existing personal and individual copies and dialects of the Quran  (known as Ahruf) to be burnt.

Modern scholars differ in their assessment of the Quran as a historical source about Muhammad's life.

According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, the "Qur'an responds constantly and often candidly to Muhammad's changing historical circumstances and contains a wealth of hidden data that are relevant to the task of the quest for the historical Muhammad." In contrast, Solomon A. Nigosian writes that the Quran tells us very little about the life of Muhammad.  Unlike the Bible's narratives of the life of Moses or Jesus, Michael Cook notes that
while the Koran tells many stories after its fashion, that of Muhammad is not among them. There are references to events in his life, but they are only references, not narratives. In addition, the book is not given to mentioning names in the context of its own time. Muhammad himself is named four times, and a couple of his contemporaries once each ... and for this reason it is almost impossible to relate the scripture to his life without going outside it.

(As to the historicity of the Quran itself, some scholars also disagree. Some argue "the Quran is convincingly the words of Muhammad" (F.E. Peters), with the parchment of an early copy of Quran – the Birmingham manuscript, whose text differs only slightly to modern versions – being dated to roughly around the lifetime of Muhammad.  Some Western scholars, however, question the accuracy of some of the Quran's historical accounts and whether the holy book existed in any form before the last decade of the seventh century" (Patricia Crone and Michael Cook); and/or argue it is a "cocktail of texts", some of which may have been existent a hundred years before Muhammad, that evolved (Gerd R. Puin),  or was redacted (J. Wansbrough), to form the Quran.)

Traditions
Unlike the Quran, the hadith and sīra are devoted to Muhammad, his life, his words, deeds, approval, and example to Muslims in general.

Prophetic biography (sīra)

Much is believed to be known about Muhammad from Sira literature:
The life of Muhammad is known as the Sira and was lived in the full light of history. Everything he did and said was recorded. Because he could not read and write himself, he was constantly served by a group of 45 scribes who wrote down his sayings, instructions, and his activities. Muhammad himself insisted on documenting his important decisions. Nearly three hundred of his documents have come down to us, including political treaties, military enlistments, assignments of officials, and state correspondence written on tanned leather. We thus know his life to the minutest details: how he spoke, sat, slept (sic), dressed, walked; his behavior as a husband, father, nephew; his attitudes toward women, children, animals; his business transactions and stance toward the poor and the oppressed ...

In the sīra literature, the most important extant biography are the two recensions of Ibn Ishaq's (d. 768), now known as Sīrat Rasūl Allah ("Biography/Life of the Messenger/Apostle of Allah"), which survive in the works of his editors, most notably Ibn Hisham (d. 834) and Yunus b. Bukayr (d.814–815), although not in its original form. According to Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq wrote his biography some 120 to 130 years after Muhammad's death. Many, but not all, scholars accept the accuracy of these biographies, though their accuracy is unascertainable.

After Ibn Ishaq, there are a number of shorter accounts (some of which are earlier than Ibn Ishaq) recorded in different forms (see List of earliest writers of sīra). Other biographies of Muhammad include al-Waqidi's (d. 822) and then Ibn Sa'd's (d.844–45). Al-Waqidi is often criticized by early Muslim historians who state that the author is unreliable. These are not "biographies" in the modern sense of the word, but rather accounts of Muhammad's military expeditions, his sayings,  the reasons for and interpretations of verses in the Quran.

Secular historians have been much more critical of Sira.

Tom Holland notes that Ibn Hisham credits angels with helping Muslims to victory at the Battle of Badr, and wonders why he should be considered a reliable historical source any more than Homer (who portrayed gods as influencing battles in his epic poem the Iliad).

According to Wim Raven, it is often noted that a coherent image of Muhammad cannot be formed from the literature of sīra, whose authenticity and factual value have been questioned on a number of different grounds. He lists the following arguments against the authenticity of sīra, followed here by counter-arguments:

 Hardly any sīra work was compiled during the first century of Islam. Fred Donner points out that the earliest historical writings about the origins of Islam first emerged in 60-70 AH, well within the first century of Hijra (see also List of biographies of Muhammad). Furthermore, the sources now extant, dating from the second, third, and fourth centuries AH, are according to Donner mostly compilations of material derived from earlier sources.
 The many discrepancies exhibited in different narrations found in sīra works. Yet, despite the lack of a single orthodoxy in Islam, there is still a marked agreement on the most general features of the traditional origins story.
 Later sources claiming to know more about the time of Muhammad than earlier ones (to add embellishments and exaggeration common to an oral storytelling tradition).
 Discrepancies compared to non-Muslim sources. But there are also similarities and agreements both in information specific to Muhammad, and concerning Muslim tradition at large.
 Some parts or genres of sīra, namely those dealing with miracles, are not fit as sources for scientific historiographical information about Muhammad, except for showing the beliefs and doctrines of his community.

Nevertheless, other content of sīra, like the Constitution of Medina, are generally considered to be authentic by both Muslim and non-Muslim historians.

Henri Lammens complains of contradictions in the Traditions about Muhammad's life, including on the number of his children and wives. Some accounts have him having one child, others two, and still another claimed he had twelve children, including eight boys. While most accounts state he had nine wives, "some passages of the sira speak of twenty three wives." Muhammad is thought to have lived between 60 and 65 years according to tradition.

Hadith

The hadith collections include traditional, hagiographic accounts of verbal and physical traditions attributed to Muhammad, and for many, often explain what a verse in the Quran is referring to in regards to Muhammad. Unlike the Quran, hadiths are not universally accepted by Muslims.

Early Muslim scholars were concerned that some hadiths (and sīra reports) were fabricated, and thus they developed a science of hadith criticism (see Hadith studies) to distinguish between genuine sayings and those that were forged, recorded using different words, or were wrongly ascribed to Muhammad.

In general, the majority of western academics view the hadith collections with considerable caution. Bernard Lewis states that "The collection and recording of Hadith did not take place until several generations after the death of the Prophet. During that period the opportunities and motives for falsification were almost unlimited."

The main feature of hadith is that of Isnad (chains of transmission), which are the basis of determining the authenticity of the reports in traditional Islamic scholarship. According to Stephen Humphreys, while a number of "very capable" modern scholars defended the general authenticity of isnads, most modern scholars regard isnads with "deep suspicion".

Jonathan A. C. Brown, a Sunni who follows the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence, asserts that the hadith tradition is a "common sense science" or a "common sense tradition" and is "one of the biggest accomplishments in human intellectual history ... in its breadth, in its depth, in its complexity and in its internal consistency."

Non-Muslim sources

Early Islamic history is also reflected in sources written in Greek, Syriac, Armenian, and Hebrew by Jewish and Christian communities, all of which are dated after 633 CE. These sources contain some essential differences with regard to Muslim sources, in particular regarding the chronology and Muhammad's attitude towards the Jews and Palestine. According to Neva and Koren, no Byzantine or Syriac sources provide any detail on "Muhammad's early career ... which predate the Muslim literature on the subject".

According to Syriac and Byzantine sources studied by historian S.P. Brock, "The title 'prophet'" applied to Muhammad "is not very common, 'apostle' even less so. Normally he is simply described as the first of the Arab kings, and it would be generally true to say that the Syriac sources of this period see the conquests primarily as Arab, and not Muslim".

There is a reference recording the Arab conquest of Syria (known as Fragment on the Arab Conquests), that mentions Muhammed. This much faded note is preserved on folio 1 of BL Add. 14,461, a codex containing the Gospel according to Matthew and the Gospel according to Mark. This note appears to have been penned soon after the battle of Gabitha (636 CE) at which the Arabs inflicted crushing defeat of the Byzantines. Wright was first to draw the attention to the fragment and suggested that "it seems to be a nearly contemporary notice", a view which was also endorsed by Nöldeke. The purpose of jotting this note in the book of Gospels appears to be commemorative as the author appears to have realized how momentous the events of his time were. The words "we saw" are positive evidence that the author was a contemporary. The author also talks about olive oil, cattle, ruined villages, suggesting that he belonged to peasant stock, i.e., parish priest or a monk who could read and write. It is worthwhile cautioning that the condition of the text is fragmentary and many of the readings unclear or disputable. The lacunae (gaps in the text) are supplied in square brackets:

The 7th-century Chronicle of 640 was published by Wright who first brought to attention the mention of an early date of 947 AG (635–36 CE). The contents of this manuscript has puzzled many scholars for their apparent lack of coherence as it contains an assembly of texts with diverse nature. In relation to Arabs of Mohamed, there are two important dates mentioned in this manuscript.

It is the first date above which is of great importance as it provides the first explicit reference to Muhammad in a non-Muslim source. The account is usually identified with the battle of Dathin. According to Hoyland, "its precise dating inspires confidence that it ultimately derives from first-hand knowledge".

Another account of the early seventh century comes from Sebeos who was an Armenian bishop of the House of Bagratuni. His account indicates he was writing  at a time when memories of sudden eruption of the Arabs were fresh. He knows Muhammad's name, that he was a merchant by profession, and hints that his life was suddenly changed by a divinely inspired revelation. Sebeos is the first non-Muslim author to present a theory for the rise of Islam that pays attention to what the Muslims themselves thought they were doing.

From this chronicle, there are indications that he lived through many of the events he relates. He maintains that the account of Arab conquests derives from the fugitives who had been eyewitnesses thereof. He concludes with Mu'awiya's ascendancy in the Arab civil war (656–661 CE), which suggests that he was writing soon after this date.

Modern scholarship

Though the Quran contains few and rudimentary details of the prophet's life, most of the biographical information about Muhammad comes from the sirah (biographical literature), especially the work of Ibn Ishaq. These sources normally provide a historical trail of names that lead, in some cases, to an eyewitness and sometimes converge with other earlier sources near the time of the prophet. Though "there is no compelling reason to suggest that the basic scaffolding of the traditional Islamic account of Muhammad's life is unhistorical", a much more detailed biography is difficult to be understood as historically certain knowledge. According to Wim Raven, attempts to distinguish between the historical elements and the unhistorical elements of many of the reports of Muhammad have been problematic. According to F. E. Peters, despite any difficulties with the biographical sources, scholars generally see valuable historical information about Muhammad therein and suggest that what is needed are methods to be able to sort out the likely from the unlikely.

In the 1970s the Revisionist School of Islamic Studies raised fundamental doubts about the reliability of traditional Islamic sources and applied the historical-critical methods to the early Islamic period, including the veracity of the conventional account of Muhammad.  A major source of difficulty in the quest for the historical Muhammad is the modern lack of knowledge about pre-Islamic Arabia. According to Harald Motzki, "On the one hand, it is not possible to write a historical biography of the Prophet without being accused of using the sources uncritically, while on the other hand, when using the sources critically, it is simply not possible to write such a biography."

In 1952 French Arabist Régis Blachère, author of a critical biography of Muhammad that took "fully into account the skeptical conclusions" of Ignác Goldziher and Henri Lammens, i.e that Islamic hadith had been corrupted and could not be considered reliable sources of information, wrote We no longer have any sources that would allow us to write a detailed history of Muhammad with a rigorous and continuous chronology. To resign oneself to a partial or total ignorance is necessary, above all for everything that concerns the period prior to Muhammad's divine call [ca. 610 CE]. All a truly scientific biography can achieve is to lay out the successive problems engendered by this preapostolate period, sketch out the general background atmosphere in which Muhammad received his divine call, give in broad brush strokes the development of his apostleship at Mecca, try with a greater chance of success to put in order the known facts, and finally put back into the penumbra all that remains uncertain. To want to go further is to fall into hagiography or romanticization.

Historian John Burton states In judging the content, the only resort of the scholar is to the yardstick of probability, and on this basis, it must be repeated, virtually nothing of use to the historian emerges from the sparse record of the early life of the founder of the latest of the great world religions ... so, however far back in the Muslim tradition one now attempts to reach, one simply cannot recover a scrap of information of real use in constructing the human history of Muhammad, beyond the bare fact that he once existed.

Michael Cook laments that comparing Ibn Ishaq with the later commentator Al-Waqid — who based his writing on Ibn Ishaq but added much colorful but made-up detail — reveals how oral history can be contaminated by the fiction of storytellers (qussa).  "We have seen what half a century of story-telling could achieve between Ibn Ishaq and al-Waqidi, at a time when we know that much material had already been committed to writing. What the same processes may have brought about in the century before Ibn Ishaq is something we can only guess at."

Overall, Cook takes the view that evidence independent of Islamic tradition "precludes any doubts as to whether Muhammad was a real person" and clearly shows that he became the central figure of a new religion in the decades following his death. He reports, though, that this evidence conflicts with the Islamic view in some aspects, associating Muhammad with Israel rather than Inner Arabia, complicating the question of his sole authorship or transmission of the Quran, and suggesting that there were Jews as well as Arabs among his followers.

Cook's fellow revisionist Patricia Crone complains that Sīrat is written "not by a grandchild, but a great grandchild of the Prophet's generation", that it is written from the point of view of the ulama and Abbasid, so that "we shall never know ... how the Umayyad caliphs remembered their prophet".

While Crone argues that Muhammad was a person whose existence is supported by various sources, she takes a view that Muhammad's traditional association with the Arabian Peninsula may be "doctrinally inspired", and is put in doubt by the Quran itself, which describes agricultural activity that could not have taken place there, as well as making a reference to the site of Sodom which appears to place Muhammad's community close to the Dead Sea.

Concerning the dates of Muhammad's life, Lawrence Conrad writes that "well into the second century A.H. [Islamic] scholarly opinion on the birth date of the Prophet displayed a range of variance of 85 years. On the assumption that chronology is crucial to the stabilization of any tradition of historical narrative, whether transmitted orally or in writing, one can see in this state of affairs a clear indication that sīra studies in the second century were still in a state of flux".  Since second century A.H. scholarly opinion is the earliest scholarly opinion, and assuming the closer scholars were to the actual event the more likely their sources are to be accurate, this suggests a surprising lack of information among Islamic scholars about basic information on Muhammad.

Robert Hoyland suggests his historical importance may have been exaggerated by his followers, writing that "other" Arab leaders "in other locations" had preceded Muhammad in attacking the weakened Byzantine and Persian empires, but these had been "airbrushed out of history by later Muslim writers". Hoyland and other historians argue that the original Arab invaders were not all Muslims.

Minority views
A minority of historians have posited that Muhammad may be mythical. In the 2003 book Crossroads to Islam, Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren advanced a thesis, based on an extensive examination of archaeological evidence from Negev desert from the early Islamic period, that Muhammad may never have existed, with monotheistic Islam only coming into existence some time after he is supposed to have lived. This has been described as "plausible or at least arguable" by David Cook of Rice University, but also compared to Holocaust denial by historian Colin Wells, who suggests that the authors deal with some of the evidence illogically.

In 2007, Karl-Heinz Ohlig suggested that the person of Muhammed was not central to early Islam at all, and that at this very early stage Islam was in fact an Arabic Christian sect which had objections to the concept of the trinity, and that the later hadith and biographies are in large part legends, instrumental in severing Islam from its Christian roots and building a full-blown new religion. In 2008, Sven Kalisch, a former Muslim convert and Germany's first professor of Islamic theology, also questioned whether the prophet Muhammad existed. In 2011, Hans Jansen, a Dutch scholar, expressed similar views.

See also
 Ashtiname of Muhammad
 Reliability of the Quran
 Historicity of Jesus
 Historicity of the Bible
 Historiography of early Islam
 Islam: The Untold Story
 Muhammad's letters to the heads of state
 Phantom time hypothesis
 Relics of Muhammad
 Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam
 Seeing Islam as Others Saw It

Notes

Citations

References

Muhammad
Muhammad


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You are here: Home / Preschool Story Time / 2023-01-31
Preschool Story Time
Preschool Story Time @ JDL
Preschool Story Time at the Jonesville District Library!
https://www.jonesvilledistrictlibrary.michlibrary.org/preschool-story-time-6/2023-01-31
When Jan 31, 2023 from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM (US/Eastern / UTC-500)
All dates Jan 31, 2023 from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM Feb 07, 2023 from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM Feb 14, 2023 from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM Feb 21, 2023 from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM Feb 28, 2023 from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM
Previous dates.
Contact Name Gisele Sutton
Join us for Preschool Story Time. Enjoy Stories, songs, and activities with weekly themes.
January 3 - E is for Emu
January 10 - E is for Erasers
January 17 - E is for Colorful Elephants
January 24 - E is for Eagles
January 31 - E is for Eggs
February 7 - F is for Funny Fish
February 14 - F is for Fancy Flower Valentines
February 21 - F is for Fabulous Frogs
February 28 - F is for Fly Fox
This Story Time is designed for ages 6 years and under and open to all abilities.


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We're releasing whym version 2.0 in the App Store next week!
by whym team | Jan 19, 2017 | Language app, Live interpreters | 0 comments
We've been working really hard over the last few months to improve the whym app for our users. We asked many of you for your feedback when we released our first version of the app back in 2015; and we've listened.
We're very proud to announce that by next week, whym version 2.0 will be available to download from the App Store!
You'll notice as soon as you open the app that whym has had a serious makeover. Version 2.0 has a new look, feel and pricing. In addition to some fancy and intuitive illustrations, from next week our translation for travel app will be:
(1) FREE to download! We have removed the annual subscription cost and added 3 top-up-as-you-go bundles of 8, 30 and 60 minutes of interpreter time. You simply top-up your minutes before calling an interpreter as and when you need it.
(2) Much easier to navigate with a clear tab bar that allows you to switch easily between the different app functions, with the all-important 'call' button accessible at all times in the middle of the tab bar.
(3) Showing a confirmation pop-up after you select a language to ensure you're making the right call to the right interpreter and not calling anyone by mistake.
(4) A clearer, simpler and more-interactive sign up process which explains exactly how our app works if you're new to whym.
We'll be launching our new version of whym to the travel community very, very soon. Keep an eye on our social media channels- Facebook, Twitter and Instagram– for our 2.0 launch: we may have some very exciting travel-inspired freebies to give out!
Can't wait till next week? Here's a sneaky preview…


Sounds exciting, doesn't it? … the kind of stuff that dreams are made of, right? Do you want a future where you don't have to worry about the 'end of the month' anymore?
Amongst other things you will learn up to date strategies on how to generate new leads for your business and generate income from your emails. You will learn about tools to help you automate this process which will effectively result in your business being open 24/7 so you can make money even while you sleep!


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Q: Allow users on a multisite network to only have access to one subdomain I have a multisite set up, and i want each subdomain to work independently from the rest, while allowing only allowing network admins to have access to all sites.
But at the moment, if user a logs into one of the sites in one of the subdomains, and visits another site on a seperate subdomain, he is already automaticaly logged into that site. Even though, when i check out the user panel in each site, they do have a distinct list of users for each one.
Is there a way to do that? Make each site work autonomously as far as the user is concerned.