text:
\section{Double quantum dot charge qubit\label{sec:DQD}}
In this work, we consider a double quantum dot charge qubit \cite{vanderwiel2002} coupled to a microwave resonator. We investigate its coherence properties and coupling strength when systematically varying the electrostatic properties of the dot.
The qubit is modeled by two parameters, the detuning between the two dots $\detuning$ and the tunneling amplitude $\tunneling$ coupling them, in the Hamiltonian
\begin{align}
	H_{\rm{q}} = \frac{1}{2} \Big( \detuning \sigma_z + \tunneling \sigma_x \Big) \equiv \frac{1}{2} \hbar \qubitAngularFrequency \boldsymbol{\sigma} \cdot ( \cos \varphi, 0, \sin \varphi)\,.
	\label{eq:HDQD}
\end{align}
Here, we introduced the mixing angle through $\tan{\varphi} = \detuning / \tunneling$, the qubit energy $\hbar \qubitAngularFrequency = \sqrt{\detuning^2 + \tunneling^2}$ and the vector of Pauli matrices $\boldsymbol\sigma$.
The Hamiltonian is written in the basis of position states $\ket{l}$ and $\ket{r}$,
which differ in their charge configuration by a single electron transferred across the double dot.
The finite overlap of these position states results in the tunneling amplitude $\tunneling$, and their energy difference defines the detuning $\detuning = \epsilon_r - \epsilon_l$.

The DQD is defined through electrostatic gates controlled via applied voltages. Its states can be characterised by the number of charges in each dot.
We define a vector of charges $\mathbf{q} = -e\: (n_{1}, n_{2})^{T}$ and gate voltages $\mathbf{v}$.
The latter leads to induced gate charges on each dot through $\mathbf{q}_{G} = -e\: (\nGate{1}, \nGate{2})^{T} = -e\: \mathds{C}_{G} \mathbf{v}$,
with the gate capacitance matrix $\mathds{C}_{G}$ and the electron charge $e$ (for details see Appendix \ref{app:sensitivity}).
For a given charge-voltage configuration, the electrostatic energy of the DQD is then given by \cite{Hanson2007}
\begin{align}
	E(n_{1},n_{2},\mathbf{v}) = \frac12 (\mathbf q -\mathbf q_{G})^{T} \cdot \mathds{C}_{D}^{-1} \cdot (\mathbf q - \mathbf q_{G}) \,.
\label{eq:chargingenergy}
\end{align}
Here, we introduced the DQD capacitance matrix
\begin{align}
	\mathds C_{D} =\begin{pmatrix}
					\capTotal{1} & -C_\textrm{m} \\
					-C_\textrm{m} & \capTotal{2}\\
				\end{pmatrix} \,,
\label{eq:dotCapacitanceMatrix}
\end{align}
with the total capacitance of the $k$-th dot $\capTotal{k}$ and the mutual inter-dot capacitance $C_\textrm{m}$.
Importantly, the mutual capacitance $C_\textrm{m}$ is a parameter which is experimentally tuneable, through modifications of the shape and distance of the two dots.

The detuning $\detuning$ in the Hamiltonian is defined as the energy difference between two states whose charge configuration differs by a single charge either on the left or right dot.
We can thus write
\begin{align}
	\detuning =& E(n_{1}, n_{2} ,\mathbf{v}) - E(n_{1}-1, n_{2}+1 ,\mathbf{v}) \nonumber\\
		=& \eC{1} (2n_{1} - 2 \nGate{1} -1) - \eC{2} (2n_{2} - 2 \nGate{2} +1) \nonumber\\
		&+ 2 \eC{\text{m}} (n_{2} - \nGate{2} - n_{1} + \nGate{1} +1)\,,
	\label{eq:detuning}
\end{align}
where we defined the charging energies $\eC{1/2} = e^{2} \capTotal{2/1}/[2 (\capTotal{1} \capTotal{2} - C_{m}^{2})]$
and $\eC{\text m} = e^{2} C_{m}/[2 (\capTotal{1} \capTotal{2} - C_{m}^{2})]$.
To elucidate the effect of variations and fluctuations in gate voltages $\delta V_{G}$ on the Hamiltonian parameters, we
define the induced variation in gate charge as $\delta \mathbf q_{G} = \delta V_{\rm G} (\capGate{1}, \capGate{2} )^{T}$.
From Eq.~\eqref{eq:detuning}, we then find the change in $\detuning$ as
\begin{align}
	\delta \detuning =& 2 \delta V_{\rm G} \left[ \capGate{1} (\eC{1} - \eC{\text m}) - \capGate{2} (\eC{2} - \eC{\text m}) \right] / e\nonumber\\
		\approx& \frac{e \: \delta V_{\rm G}}{\capEqual + C_{m}} \left( \capGate{1} - \capGate{2} \right) \,,
	\label{eq:sensitivity}
\end{align}
where in the last step,
we assumed equal QDs with $C_{\Sigma,1} = C_{\Sigma,2} = C_{\Sigma}$.
The generalization of Eq.~\eqref{eq:sensitivity} to the case of dissimilar QDs is given in Appendix C.

We will show that qubit electrical sensitivity, expressed in Eq.~\eqref{eq:sensitivity}, appears as an essential parameter for both qubit-resonator coupling and coherence.
Let us, therefore, analyze  Eq.~\eqref{eq:sensitivity} in more detail.
It states that the sensitivity to a given gate voltage is larger, if the two dots are coupled to it differently, $\capGate{1} \neq \capGate{2}$, and is smaller if the dot mutual capacitance $C_\textrm{m}$ grows.
The more tightly the two dots are coupled, the less differently they respond to a voltage change on a gate and the smaller is the double dot effective dipole strength.
This is a central point of this manuscript.

However, the reduction is stronger than the factor $1/(\capEqual + C_\textrm{m})$ in Eq.~\eqref{eq:sensitivity} would imply on the first look, due to a sum rule that the capacitances need to satisfy. To see that, we write a single dot total capacitance a
\begin{align}
	\capEqual = C_\textrm{m} + \capGround + \sum_{\rm g} C_{\rm g} = C_\textrm{m} + \capOut\,,
	\label{eq:sumRule}
\end{align}
where we define its capacitance to ground as $\capGround$, and to each gate $C_{\rm g}$.
 We also used $\capOut$, the capacitance to the outside world, as the total capacitance to everything else except of the other single dot. With this notation, we write the variation of $\detuning$ due to an applied voltage $\delta V_{G}$ as
\begin{align}
	\delta \detuning = e\: \delta V_G \, \frac{\capGate{1} - \capGate{2}}{\capOut} \frac{\capEqual - C_\textrm{m}}{\capEqual + C_\textrm{m}} \,.
	\label{eq:sensitivity2}
\end{align}
Here, we interpret the last term as the renormalization factor for the dipolar energy of the system
\begin{align}
	\eta = \frac{\capEqual - C_\textrm{m}}{\capEqual + C_\textrm{m}} =  \frac{1 - C_\textrm{m} / \capEqual}{1+ C_\textrm{m} / \capEqual} \,.
	\label{eq:suppression}
\end{align}
If the dots are not equal, an additional contribution appears in Eq.~\eqref{eq:sensitivity2}. However, the definition of the factor $\eta$ given in Eq.~\eqref{eq:suppression} remains the same, see App.~\ref{app:sensitivity} for details.
In the rest of the manuscript we refer to this quantity as \emph{dipole strength} for brevity.
The quantities defining $\eta$ as given in Eq.~\eqref{eq:suppression} can be directly read off the standard charging diagram of the double dot, as we illustrate in Fig.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss} and Fig.~\ref{fig:extract eta}.

Note that here we are not considering the concommitent change in tunneling amplitude $\tunneling$ when changing the electrostatic confinement of the dot.
This is because the lever arm for changing the tunneling amplitude $\tunneling$ in GaAs quantum dots similar to the one considered here is typically at least one order of magnitude smaller than for changes in $\detuning$ \cite{Paladino2014}.
Furthermore, in the experiments presented here, through independent tuning of the T and CP gate voltages [see Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(e)], we take care to keep $\tunneling$ around $4.5-5.5 \, \rm{GHz}$ in all measurements (see Table \ref{tab1:para_fig3_large}). In this way,
we can specifically investigate changes in coherence properties and coupling strength when tuning the interdot capacitance $C_\textrm{m}$ and therefore only the dipole strength $\eta$.

Equations \eqref{eq:sensitivity2} and \eqref{eq:suppression} allow a straightforward derivation of the interaction of the charge qubit and the resonator,
replacing the voltage fluctuations $\delta V_{\rm G}$ by
\begin{equation}
	\delta V_{\rm G} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar\resonatorAngularFrequency}{2C_{\rm r}}}(a+a^{\dagger}),
\end{equation}
{i.e.,} the voltage drop of a quantized LC circuit, being here a superconducting resonator of frequency $\resonatorAngularFrequency$.
The circuit resonant frequency $\resonatorAngularFrequency = 1/\sqrt{L_{\rm r} C_{\rm r}}$ is given by its capacitance $C_r$ and inductance $L_r$
and $a$ is the annihilation operator of its quantized electromagnetic field.
The strength of the resulting qubit-resonator interaction
$H_{\rm q-r} = (1/2) \qubitResonatorCoupling \sigma_z(a+a^{\dagger})$ can be parameterized using the resonator impedance $Z_{\rm r} = \sqrt{L_{\rm r} / C_{\rm r}}$ as
\begin{align}
	g = \hbar \resonatorAngularFrequency \sqrt{\frac{2 e^2}{\hbar} Z_{\rm r}} \times \eta \: \frac{\capGate{1} - \capGate{2}}{C_{\rm out}} \,,
	\label{eq:coupling}
\end{align}
separating the contributions from the resonator and the DQD charge qubit.
Since instrumental constraints typically limit the resonator frequency from above, the crucial resonator parameter when aiming at maximizing the coupling strength is its impedance $Z_r$.
The dot properties and system geometry enter through the second term.
Section~\ref{sec:USC} demonstrates maximizing the coupling strength $g$ considering both terms.
\begin{figure*}[!ht]

\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig2_compr}
	\caption{

		(a) A schematic of a DQD charge stability diagram for a configuration with a large mutual capacitance $C_{m}$, resulting in $\eta\sim0.10$.
		The grey areas (black lines) in the charge stability diagram represent interdot (QD$_i$-lead$_i$) charge degeneracy regions.
		The dipole strength $\eta$ is determined directly from the charge stability diagrams. $\Delta V_{m}$ and $\Delta V_{g}$ are the voltage distance between the two triple points and QD-lead energy degeneracies, respectively.
		(b) Same as (a), but for smaller $C_{m}$, resulting in $\eta \sim 0.70$.
		(c-f) measured DQD charge stability diagrams obtained for four different DQD configurations in correspondence of four distinct values of $C_m$ [decreasing from panel (c) to (f)].
	Each charge stability diagram is measured by monitoring the change in the phase $\Delta\phi$ of the resonator reflectance in response to the DQD gate voltages.
	The magnitude of the range of the LSG and RSG gate voltages explored in each measurement, $\Delta V_{LSG}$ and $\Delta V_{RSG}$, is kept the same in the four panels for ease of comparison.
	}
	\label{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}
\end{figure*}

Equation~\eqref{eq:sensitivity} also encodes the qubit coupling to electrical noise.
To describe that, we consider uncontrolled fluctuations of voltage $V_{\rm G}$, causing random fluctuations of the qubit energy and thus decoherence.
The latter is a complex process, depending on the details of the time correlations in these fluctuations.
After analyzing most typical scenarios~\cite{Ithier2005}, which we list in Appendix \ref{app:scaling},
here we restrict ourselves to dephasing due to singular noise with a $1/f$-type spectral function $S(\omega) = A / |\omega|, \omega_{\rm ir} < \omega < \omega_{c}$, linearly coupled to the qubit.
The low- and high-frequency cutoffs $\omega_{\rm ir}$ and $\omega_{\rm c}$ are typically defined through experimental timescales.
In the quasi-static approximation, where the noise is considered static in each individual run of the experiment, this leads to decay of the qubit off-diagonal density matrix element with a Gaussian form~\cite{Ithier2005} as
\begin{align}
	\ln c_{\rm lin}^{1/f}(\tau)  &=  -\tau^2 \left(\frac{\partial \hbar \qubitAngularFrequency}{\partial \detuning} \right)^2 \left(\frac{\partial \detuning}{\partial V_{\rm G}}\right)^2
			 A \ln{\left(\frac{\omega_{\rm c}}{\omega_{\rm ir}}\right)} \nonumber\\
	 	& \equiv  -\tau^2 \left(\frac{\partial \hbar \qubitAngularFrequency}{\partial \detuning} \right)^2
				\sigma_{\detuning}^2
				\equiv  -(\Gamma_\varphi \tau)^2.
	\label{eq:decoherence}
\end{align}
Here $\tau$ is the evolution time, and $c(\tau)$ is the decay envelope.
Writing the expression as a function of a dimensionless parameter $\Gamma_\varphi \tau$, after the second equality sign, defines the pure dephasing rate $\Gamma_\varphi$.
More importantly, the noise parameter $\sigma_{\detuning} \propto \partial\detuning / \partial V_{\rm G}$, given by Eq.~\eqref{eq:sensitivity}, isolates the effects that are in our focus.
In Section~\ref{sec:Coherence}, we illustrate how to use these effects to optimize coherence.
Finally, the noise of semiconducting charge qubits is most probably not dominated by fluctuating voltages of the gates, but fluctuating charges of impurities.
We show in Appendix \ref{app:sensitivity} that there is a formula analogous to Eq.~\eqref{eq:sensitivity2} describing detuning response to a charge impurity fluctuation.

The dipole strength as defined in Eq.~\eqref{eq:suppression} is experimentally easily accessible and provides useful qualitative predictions.
Indeed, from Eq.~\eqref{eq:coupling} we see that the coupling to the resonator scales proportionally to $\eta$. Maximizing the coupling therefore calls for maximizing $\eta$, i.e. minimizing the mutual capacitance of the two dots.
We report on experiments in this regime in Sec.~\ref{sec:USC}.
In the hypothesis that the coherence of the DQD charge system is limited by electric noise-induced dephasing,
the coherence time $1/\Gamma_{2} \sim 1/\Gamma_{\rm{\phi}}$ is, according to Eq.~\eqref{eq:decoherence}, expected to scale as $1/\eta$, since Eqs.~\eqref{eq:sensitivity2} and \eqref{eq:suppression} give $\partial \detuning / \partial V_{\rm G} \sim \eta$.
A maximally coherent charge qubit, therefore, requires minimizing $\eta$.
The scaling $1/\eta$ is a consequence of the singular noise resulting in a Gaussian decay form.
Other relevant decay channels, like relaxation and non-singular noise, will lead to a scaling of the coherence time as $\propto 1/\eta^{2}$~\cite{Ithier2005}.
We thus expect that depending on the details of the dominant noise source in the experiments, the qubit coupling quality factor $Q = \qubitResonatorCoupling / \Gamma_{2}$ is either constant as a function of $\eta$ (for singular noise dominating dephasing) or
can be $\propto 1/\eta$ (for regular dephasing noise or if relaxation dominates). The latter situation would allow one to optimize $Q$ by tuning the mutual dot capacitance.
In the following Sec.~\ref{sec:Coherence}, we investigate which specific scenario is realized in our system.

\section{Increasing charge qubit coherence \label{sec:Coherence}}
In a first set of experiments,
we investigate a GaAs DQD charge qubit strongly coupled to a SQUID array resonator [see Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(a,c)]~\cite{Stockklauser2017,Scarlino2017b} and characterize the qubit coherence properties and its coupling strength $\qubitResonatorCoupling$ to the resonator.
Aiming to reduce decoherence of the qubit, we \textit{in-situ} explore different electrostatic confinement potentials of the DQD in the few-electron regime ($\sim 10-20$) in the same device by tuning the voltages applied to the electrostatic gates defining the DQD [Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(b)].
Each configuration leads to a different strength of the effective dipole interaction between DQD and resonator, characterized by a different dipole strength $\eta$ as defined in Eq.~\eqref{eq:suppression}.

We use a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure with a 2DEG $\sim 90~\rm{nm}$ below the surface.
Depletion gates are used to define the DQD electrostatic potential.
The right dot plunger gate is galvanically connected to the resonator [see Figs.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(c-e)].
We measure the resonator response in reflection via the drive line [indicated in green in Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit} (b,c)] in a heterodyne detection scheme by monitoring the amplitude ($|S_{11}|$)
and phase difference ($\Delta\phi=\mathrm{Arg}[S_{11}]$) of the reflected signal \cite{Wallraff2004}.
An additional spectroscopy tone can be applied through the same line. The second DQD in the device [Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(c)] is tuned deeply into Coulomb blockade and does not participate in the reported experiment.
\begin{figure*}[!t]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig3_compr.pdf}

	\caption{
		The dependence of the coupling strength $g$ and DQD coherence rates $\Gamma_{\rm{R}}$ and $\Gamma_2$ for DQD configurations with dipole strengths $\eta=0.42, \, 0.17,\,0.10$.
		(a-c) Resonator reflectance amplitude $|S_{11}|$ versus DQD detuning $\detuning$ for three representative values of the dipole strength $\eta \sim 0.42 \pm 0.08$ (blue), $\eta \sim 0.17 \pm 0.08$ (green) and $\eta \sim 0.10 \pm 0.07$ (red)
		[corresponding to the DQD charge stability diagrams in Fig.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}(c), (b) and (a), respectively].
		(d) Resonator amplitude response $|S_{11}|$ (dots) \emph{vs.} probe frequency $\omega_\mathrm{p}/2\pi$ at $\detuning=0$ [see black arrow in the panels (a-c)], displaying well-resolved vacuum Rabi mode splittings.
		The solid line is a fit to the sum of two Lorentzian lines. The quoted $\Gamma_{\rm{R}}$ is an average of the two linewidths.
		(e) Squared qubit linewidth $\delta\nu_{\rm{q}}^2$ (dots)
		\emph{vs.} spectroscopy drive power $P_s$, measured via two-tones spectroscopy \cite{Stockklauser2017}. The dashed lines are linear fits. The zero-power linewidths $\Gamma_2$ are given in the panel.
		(f) Qubit linewidth $\delta\nu_{\rm{q}}$ (dots) \emph{vs.} $d\omega_\mathrm{q}/d\detuning$ extracted from two-tones spectroscopy \cite{Stockklauser2017}. The dashed lines are linear fits. Their slopes define $\sigma_{\detuning}$ according to Eq.~\eqref{eq:decoherence}.
		}
	\label{fig3:Display_porperties}
\end{figure*}

In this first set of experiments, we employ a SQUID array resonator [see Figs.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(a,c)] with an estimated impedance $Z^{\mathrm{Sq}}_r=\sqrt{L_{\mathrm{Sq}}/C_{\mathrm{Sq}}}\sim1$~k$\Omega$.
Similar high impedance resonators have been previously shown to enable the strong coupling regime between a DQD and microwave photons~\cite{Stockklauser2017}.
A magnetic flux, applied via a superconducting coil mounted on the sample box, is used to tune the resonator in the frequency range $\omega_r/2\pi \sim [4.2,5.7] \, \rm{GHz}$ (see Tab.~\ref{tab1:para_fig3_large}).
The internal resonator dissipation $\kappa_\mathrm{int}$ and coupling to the microwave feedline $\kappa_\mathrm{ext}$ change with the resonator frequency, as shown in Fig.~\ref{figKappas}(c) in the Appendix
\footnote{The total dissipation of the SQUID array resonator is not constant as a function of the resonator frequency due to the presence of standing waves in its microwave feedline.}.

The DQD response to the gate voltages is characterized by charge stability diagrams \cite{vanderwiel2002} which we measure by recording the amplitude and phase response of the reflectance of the resonator~\cite{Frey2012}.
From those diagrams, we extract the charging energies and capacitances of the DQD.
In Figs.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}(c-f) we present four typical examples of DQD charge stability diagrams realized within the same device by \emph{in-situ} tuning the voltages on the four gates defining the DQD [Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(e)].
The differences between the four configurations lie mainly in different voltages applied to the gates T and CG [cf. Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(e)], which control the interdot tunnel barrier, and are listed in Table~\ref{table:voltages} in App.~\ref{sec:appendix_determination_of_Cs}.
For ease of comparison, the axes ranges are identical for the four panels of Fig.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}.
We stress again that these four different configurations present similar interdot tunneling amplitudes $\tunneling$ despite the different gate voltage values.

Comparing the four DQD configurations shown in Figs.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}(c-f), we notice that the average spacing between the DQD triple points \cite{vanderwiel2002}
[maximal in Fig.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}(c)] decreases relative to the spacing between two consecutive QD-reservoirs charge transitions [dashed lines in Fig.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}(c-f)].
This variation can be interpreted as a net change of the contribution of the interdot coupling capacitance ($C_\textrm{m}$) to the total capacitance of the individual QDs ($\capTotal{1}$ and $\capTotal{2}$) \cite{vanderwiel2002}.
This translates into the dipole strength $\eta$, Eq.~\eqref{eq:suppression},
covering the interval $[0.1,\,0.7]$ in our experiments.
Both $C_\mathrm{m}/C_\mathrm{\Sigma}$ and $\eta$ can be determined from the charge stability diagrams by considering the arrows indicated in the schematics in Figs.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}(a,b). The red arrow represents the distance of two adjacent DQD triple points and the blue arrow connects two consecutive electron transitions with the leads. As derived in Appendix~\ref{sec:appendix_determination_of_Cs}, in the simplified case of symmetric quantum dots, $C_{\Sigma,1}=C_{\Sigma,2}=C_\Sigma$, and neglecting gate-cross capacitances, one finds $C_\mathrm{m}/C_\Sigma=\Delta V_\mathrm{m}/(\Delta V_\mathrm{g}-\Delta V_\mathrm{m})$ and $\eta=1 - \frac{2\Delta V_{\rm m}}{\Delta V_{\rm g}}$. $\Delta V_\mathrm{m}$ ($\Delta V_\mathrm{g}$) represents the length of the red (blue) arrow in Figs.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}(a,b).
Furthermore, we emphasize that this striking change of the DQD interdot capacitance is obtained while keeping the interdot tunneling rate in the range $4\,\rm{GHz}<\tunneling/h < 6\,\rm{GHz}$. The ability to control $\tunneling$ and $\eta$ independently allows us to probe the interaction with the resonator in both resonant and dispersive regimes.

In this section, we study a total of eleven different DQD configurations, whose extracted parameters are summarized in Tab.~\ref{tab1:para_fig3_large}.
For three of these configurations, we present in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}
the hybridized qubit-resonator energy spectrum [see  Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(a-d)],
a measurement of the intrinsic DQD charge qubit linewidth [see  Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(e)],
and a measurement of the root-mean-square amplitude of the detuning noise $\sigma_{\detuning}$ defined in Eq.~\eqref{eq:decoherence} [see  Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(f)].
With the exception of the measurements reported in panel (f), all the data plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties} were taken at the charge degeneracy ($\detuning=0$).

We now discuss the three independent measurements reported in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}.
In Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(a-c) we show three examples of hybridized spectra in the strong coupling regime for different dipole strengths.
The DQD stability diagrams of the three configurations in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(a,b,c) are shown in panels (e,d,c) of Fig.~\ref{fig2:four_stability_diagramss}, respectively, in corresponding colors.
We tune the DQD gate voltages and the SQUID array resonant frequency to reach the resonance condition
$\omega_\mathrm{q} =\omega_\mathrm{r}$ at approximately zero detuning $\detuning$.
Varying the DQD detuning, we observe the characteristic shifts in the dispersive regime and clear indications of an avoided crossing~\cite{Mi2017,Stockklauser2017} at resonance.
We analyze the hybridized spectrum and extract the coupling strength $\qubitResonatorCoupling$, resonator resonance frequency $\resonatorAngularFrequency /2\pi$, and DQD tunneling amplitude $\tunneling$
by fitting the observed resonances to the spectrum extracted from the simulation of the system Hamiltonian (see Appendix~\ref{sec:masterEq} for details). The latter is plotted by dashed lines in Figs.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(a-c).

When comparing these three configurations, we take note of a correlation between the coupling strength $\qubitResonatorCoupling$ and the visibility of the reflected signal (Rabi modes splitting) around the avoided crossing.
To help visualizing this correlation, Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(d) shows the linecuts at the resonance [detuning indicated by black arrows in Figs.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(a-c)).
Furthermore, when increasing $\eta$ we observe a distinct increase of the linewidth of the Rabi modes $[\Gamma_{\rm{R}} \sim (\kappa_{\rm{ext}} + \kappa_{\rm{int}})/2 + \Gamma_2]$,
extracted by fitting the data to a sum of two Lorentzian lines [see solid line in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(d)], and a clear reduction in the depth of the two Lorentian (compare the y-axis for the three panles of Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(d)).
This suggests that the dipole strength also has a strong influence on the system decoherence.

We investigate in more detail the correlations between the measured dipole strength $\eta$ andù
the observed coherence of the charge qubit.
Using two-tone spectroscopy~\cite{Schuster2005,Stockklauser2017}, we measure the intrinsic qubit linewidth at the detuning sweet spot ($\detuning=0$)
and its sensitivity to the noise in the detuning parameter induced by the charge noise of the electromagnetic environment of the DQD
\footnote{
These measurements are implemented by changing the resonator frequency for performing these experiments in the dispersive regime, ensuring a negligible contribution of the Purcell induced decay ($\Gamma_\mathrm{purcell}/2\pi<0.05$~MHz). Also, we drive the resonator weakly so
  that its population on average is $<1$ photon. The reflected signal is then
  amplified via a Josephson parametric amplifier with a gain of $\sim
  18$~dB.}.
Measureing the power dependence of the qubit linewidth we extract the zero power linewidth ($P_S\rightarrow0$) [see Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(e)], which allows to determine the intrinsic DQD charge decoherence rate $\Gamma_2$~\cite{Schuster2005,Stockklauser2017}.
In this experiment, we reached a DQD linewidth as low as $\sim4.5\pm 0.2$ MHz for a configuration with $\eta=0.10 \pm 0.07$.
In contrast, by \textit{in-situ} tuning to a configuration with $\eta=0.71 \pm 0.03$, the DQD charge qubit linewidth increases by a factor of eight.

At $\detuning=0$, the charge qubit is in first-order insensitive to charge noise since $\partial \qubitAngularFrequency / \partial \detuning = 0$.
Measuring the dependence of the qubit linewidth vs.\ the detuning $\detuning$, we extract the detuning noise $\sigma_{\detuning}$ according to Eq.~\ref{eq:decoherence} [see Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(f) and Fig.~\ref{fig3:Plot_parameters}(c) and also Refs.~\cite{Scarlino2017b,Thorgrimsson2017}].
The extraction of $\sigma_{\detuning}$ in two-tone spectroscopy was performed at a larger resonator read-out power explaining the lower error bars on the extracted linewidths and the higher value of qubit linewidth at $\detuning = 0$ compared to Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(e).
We notice that $\sigma_{\detuning}$ clearly decreases for lower $\eta$.
\begin{figure*}[!t]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig4_compr.pdf}

	\caption{
		Coupling strength and decoherence parameters extracted for eleven DQD gate bias voltage configurations.
		(a) Normalized coupling $\normCoupling$ [see Eq.~\eqref{eq:normalization}] of the DQD charge qubit to the resonator

		\emph{vs.} the dipole strength $\eta$.
		(b) Qubit linewidth $\Gamma_2$ \emph{vs.} $\eta$. The linewidth is extracted as in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(e).
		(c) Effective detuning noise of the DQD charge qubit $\sigma_{\detuning}$ \emph{vs.} $\eta$, obtained as in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(f).
		For the two configurations in correspondence of $\eta=0.123$ and $0.709$ we could not extract $\sigma_{\detuning}$ due to either spurious resonances and enhanced sensitivity to detuning noise, respectively.
		(d) DQD linewidth $\Gamma_2$ \emph{vs.} the normalized coupling.
		The data in (a)-(d) were fitted to a linear model plotted as dashed lines and the fit parameters are stated in the panels.
		The dark [light] blue area represents the one-[two-]sigma confidence interval.
		(e) The quality factor $\normCoupling/\Gamma_2$ \emph{vs.} $\eta$.
		(f) Visibility of the vacuum Rabi modes (at resonance) $(1-\lvert S_{11}\rvert )= 2\kappa_\mathrm{ext}/(\kappa_\mathrm{ext}+\kappa_\mathrm{int}+2\Gamma_2)$ \emph{vs.} $\eta$.
		The insert shows an example of a vacuum Rabi mode splitting with the black arrow indicating the visibility of a Rabi mode at the resonance.
		}
	\label{fig3:Plot_parameters}
\end{figure*}

The measurements presented in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}, indicate that increasing the capacitance ratio $C_{\rm{m}}/C_{\Sigma}$
reduces the resonator-DQD coupling strength $\qubitResonatorCoupling$ [Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(d)], the qubit decoherence $\Gamma_2 \equiv \delta \nu (P_{\rm{S}} \rightarrow 0)$ [Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(e)], and the sensitivity of qubit energy to detuning noise
[Fig.~\ref{fig3:Display_porperties}(f)]~\cite{You2005a}.
This reduced sensitivity of the DQD to charge noise is engineered through a large mutual capacitance of strongly coupled QDs.

We summarize results of similar measurements for all eleven investigated DQD configurations in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Plot_parameters}.
In order to systematically compare the coupling strength $\qubitResonatorCoupling$ of the different configurations, we normalize it to \footnote{From unpublished data, reported in Fig.~\ref
  {fig_glinear}(a) in Appendix~\ref {secrenormalization}, which will be the
  topic of another manuscript, we observe an unexpected linear dependence of
  the coupling strength $g$ on the resonator frequency $\omega _r(=\omega _q)$
  measured at the sweet spot, $\epsilon =0$. We take this into account by
  defining the normalized coupling $\protect \bar g_{\perp }$, instead of the
  expected $\protect \bar g_{\perp }^{'} \propto \protect \sqrt {\omega _r}$
  dependence.}
\begin{equation}
\normCoupling = \qubitResonatorCoupling(\resonatorAngularFrequency /2\pi = \tunneling = 5 \,\rm{GHz}) = \qubitResonatorCoupling \frac{\tunneling}{\resonatorAngularFrequency} \frac{5\, \rm{GHz}}{\resonatorAngularFrequency /2\pi}.
\label{eq:normalization}
\end{equation}
The normalization aims to systematically account for the small differences in the resonator frequency/inductance and in DQD tunneling amplitude $\tunneling$~\cite{Stockklauser2017}
at which the experiments exploring the different bias conditions were performed at
(see Table~\ref{tab1:para_fig3_large} and Appendix~\ref{secrenormalization}).
The normalized coupling strength ranges from 41.6 MHz to 250.6 MHz.
The dependence of the normalised coupling $\normCoupling$ on $\eta$ agrees with the linear relation [see Fig.~\ref{fig3:Plot_parameters}(a)] derived as Eq.~\eqref{eq:coupling}.

A similar dependence on $\eta$ is also observed for the DQD decoherence $\Gamma_2$
[Fig.~\ref{fig3:Plot_parameters}(b)] and detuning noise $\sigma_{\detuning}$ [Fig.~\ref{fig3:Plot_parameters}(c)], as modeled by Eq.~\eqref{eq:decoherence}.
In order to display the linear relation between coupling strength $\normCoupling$ and DQD decoherence $\Gamma_2$, we plot them on the two axes of Fig.~\ref{fig3:Plot_parameters}(d).
The scattered $(\Gamma_2, \normCoupling)$ data lies within the 3$\sigma$ confidence interval of the linear fit.
This proportionality relation is additionally highlighted by inspecting the
quality factor of the resonator-qubit hybrid system $Q=\normCoupling / \Gamma_2$~\cite{Cottet2017b}.
In Fig.~\ref{fig3:Plot_parameters}(e) we observe that $Q$ does not show strong dependence on the dipole strength $\eta$, but it is scattered around the a mean value 9.7 with a standard deviation of 2.2, indicating that the coherence of the system is likely dominated by dephasing due to singular charge noise (see Sec.I).

For a circuit QED architecture realized with semiconductor QDs and superconducting resonators, the strong coupling regime has been reached only recently~\cite{Mi2017,Stockklauser2017}.
Intrinsic limitations are the usually high decoherence rate of the orbital-charge degree of freedom and the small electric dipole moment of electrons confined in QDs.
The high qubit decoherence usually implies low visibility of the vacuum  Rabi mode splitting, even if the strong coupling is reached \cite{Stockklauser2017}.
In Appendix \ref{sec:visibility}, we derive an expression for the visibility of the vacuum-Rabi mode splitting for a single port resonator coupled to a DQD and tested in reflection. For the case where DQD and resonator are tuned into resonance, we find $(1-|S_{11}|) = 2 \kappa_\mathrm{ext}/(\kappa_\mathrm{ext} + \kappa_\mathrm{int} + 2\Gamma_2)$.
This estimated visibility is plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig3:Plot_parameters}(f) for the different DQD configurations explored in this study.
When tuning the DQD into a configuration where the interdot capacitance is the dominant contribution ($\eta\rightarrow 0$), the Rabi mode splitting visibility is considerably increased despite a reduction in the coupling strength.
Furthermore, it is instructive to consider the system cooperativity, defined as $C = \normCoupling^2/[\Gamma_2 (\kappa_{\rm{ext}}+\kappa_{\rm{int}})]$, representing a dimensionless measure of the light/matter interaction strength in our hybrid system.
As reported in Appendix \ref{Figures of Merit} [see Fig.~\ref{figS2}(a)], in this work we have achieved $C>100$ by making use of the described tuning strategy for the DQD electric dipolar energy. This represents
the highest cooperativity reported so far for hybrid QD-resonator systems (see Ref.\cite{Cottet2017b} for a comparison), even when comparing to hybrid spin-photon systems.

To summarize the results of this set of experiments on the first sample realized using a SQUID array for the resonator, we observe a striking and clear dependence of the DQD-resonator coupling strength, DQD charge decoherence rate, and DQD detuning noise on the dipole strength, parametrized by $\eta$, as defined in Eq.~\ref{eq:suppression}.
The characterization of different DQD configurations, realized by changing \textit{in-situ} the voltages applied to the DQD depletion gates over an extensive voltage range, demonstrates the possibility to reduce the charge qubit decoherence rate down to less than~5~MHz, thanks to the reduced DQD electric dipole strength.
The improved charge coherence allows to considerably increase the visibility of the charge qubit-resonator Rabi vacuum mode splitting at small coupling strengths with good coherence.

\section{Ultrastrong coupling with a junction array resonator \label{sec:USC}}
\begin{figure*}[!t]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Fig5_compr.pdf}
	\caption{
		Investigation of a bias configuration approaching the ultra-strong coupling regime for a DQD coupled to a JJ array resonator.
		(a) Charge stability diagram of the DQD measured by monitoring the change in resonator reflectance amplitude $|S_{11}|$ for the extracted dipole strength $\eta = 0.72 \pm 0.08$.
		(b) Resonator amplitude response $|S_{11}|$ taken by varying the DQD detuning $\detuning$ along the grey line indicated in panle (a) by applying appropriately chosen voltages to the two side gates.
		Red (blue) line represents a fit to the Rabi (JC) model (see Appendix \ref{sec:masterEq}).
(c) Measured resonator reflectance $|S_{11}|$ (dots) \emph{vs.} probe frequency $\omega_{\rm{p}}$ extrated at resonance for $\detuning=0.15\,\rm{GHz}$ (black arrows in panel (b)), displaying a vacuum Rabi mode splitting.
		The orange line represents a fit to a Rabi master equation model.
		The JJ array resonator losses are $\kappa_{int}/2\pi=19.5 \,\rm{MHz}$ and $\kappa_{ext}/2\pi=5.7\pm0.1\,\rm{MHz}$.
	}
	\label{fig6:Ultrastorngcoupling}
\end{figure*}

In Sec.~\ref{sec:Coherence}, we have investigated the possibility to \emph{in-situ} tune the DQD dipolar coupling energy. We have explored the trade-off between the qubit-resonator coupling and the DQD charge decoherence rate.
In this section, we show that the same strategy allows us to approach the ultrastrong coupling regime.
With this goal in mind, we have realized a second device. It is similar to the first one but
for the superconducting microwave resonator, which is now formed by a more compact Josephson junction (JJ) array replacing the SQUID array \cite{Masluk2012}.
Replacing SQUIDs with single Josephson junctions in the array makes the resonator fixed in frequency, which reduces your flexibility on tuning parameters.
On the other hand, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(b) and explained in Appendix \ref{sec:resonators}, this change reduces the dimensions of the array unit. We thus achieve a higher Josephson inductance with a shorter array: the length of the JJ resonator
is $\sim70 ~\mu \rm{m}$, instead of $\sim 250 ~\mu m$ for the SQUID array [compare Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(a,b) and Fig.~\ref{fig1:SampleAndCircuit}(c,f)]. The JJ array resonator has a lower stray capacitance to ground to $C_{\rm{gnd}}^{\rm{JJ}} \sim 5 \, \rm{fF}$, with a total
inductance of $L_{\rm{tot}}^{\rm{JJ}} \sim 100 \, \rm{nH}$ and, in turn, a resonator impedance
$Z_{\rm{r}}^{\rm{JJ}} \sim 4 \, \rm{k}\Omega$.
Parameters of the SQUID and JJ arrays are compared in Tab.~\ref{table:nonlin}.

Replacing SQUIDs with single Josephson junctions in the array makes the resonator fixed in frequency, which reduces your flexibility on tuning parameters.

Aiming at realizing the ultrastrong coupling regime with semiconductor quantum dots, we investigate a DQD configuration
corresponding to the largest dipole strenght that we were able to achieve with this second device, having a dipole strength $\eta \approx 0.72$.
As discussed in Sec.~\ref{sec:Coherence}, we detect the amplitude and phase of the signal reflected off the resonator.
We configure the DQD tunneling amplitude close to $\tunneling / h \sim \omega_{\rm{r}}/2\pi$ and change the DQD detuning.
Upon bringing the qubit energy into resonance with the resonator, $\omega_{\rm{q}} \sim \omega_{\rm{r}}$,
a clear avoided crossing is observed  in the resonator reflectance [see Fig.~\ref{fig6:Ultrastorngcoupling}(b), and Fig.~\ref{figS4}(b)]. This is a sign of reaching the strong coupling regime.

The data are in excellent agreement with the spectrum of the hybridized system numerically calculated
using
$\qubitResonatorCoupling$, $\resonatorAngularFrequency$ and $\tunneling$ as adjustable parameters.
We fit a Rabi (red solid line) and a Jaynes–Cummings (blue dashed line) model to this data and present the results in Fig.~\ref{fig6:Ultrastorngcoupling}(b). We extracted a coupling strength $g_{\rm{R}}/2\pi \sim 620 \pm 2 ~\rm{MHz} $ ($g_{\rm{JC}}/2\pi  \sim 637 \pm 2 ~\rm{MHz} $) from which we can estimate a $g_{\rm{R,JC}}/\omega_{\rm{r}} \sim 0.11 \, \pm \, 0.01$, reaching the ultrastrong coupling regime~\cite{Niemczyk2010, Kockum2018a, FornDiaz2019}.
The discrepancy between the values obtained from the Rabi and JC fits is due to the onset of the USC regime
\footnote{Fig.~\ref {fig6:Ultrastorngcoupling_top} in Appendix~\ref
  {Extra data} reports the same analysis performed on a second DQD
  configuration characterized by $\eta \sim 0.5$. There we obtain comparable
  results from fits to the Rabi and JC models.}.
The resonator reflectance $|S_{11}|$ \emph{vs.} probe frequency $\omega_{\rm{p}}$  at the DQD-resonator detuning value indicated by the black arrow in Fig.~\ref{fig6:Ultrastorngcoupling}(b) (resonant condition) is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig6:Ultrastorngcoupling}(c).
By fitting a master equation model [see solid orange line in Fig.~\ref{fig6:Ultrastorngcoupling}(c)] to the measured $|S_{11}|$ we extract a DQD decoherence of $\Gamma_{2}/2\pi \sim 149 \pm 2 \, \rm{MHz}$
and a Rabi mode splitting of $2\qubitResonatorCoupling/2\pi \sim 1258 \pm 3~ \rm{MHz}$.
Resolving the two dips of the vacuum Rabi mode splitting indicates that the system is still in the strong coupling regime despite the extra decoherence introduced by the large DQD electric dipole strength.

\section{Conclusions\label{sec:Conclusion}}
We have realized two hybrid devices with which
we have studied charge configurations at the two extremes
of the explored tunable DQD electric dipole strength.
We have demonstrated the systematic control of the DQD electric dipole strength, allowing us to explore a broad range of different regimes in the same device.
In particular, we have demonstrated that it is possible to decrease the electric dipolar coupling energy of the DQD by tuning it into a configuration in which the interdot mutual capacitance $C_{\rm{m}}$ becomes the dominant contribution of the total DQD capacitance. In such a configuration,
the small dipole strength ($\eta \rightarrow 0$)
reduces both the DQD coupling to the resonator and its decoherence rate,
down to a
$g/ 2 \pi\sim$~40 MHz and
$\Gamma_2/2\pi<$~5 MHz, respectively.

We have made use of the control of the DQD dipole strength reported here to reduce the decoherence rate of DQD devices used in some of our previous works. It has led to the observation of a DQD qubit linewidth down to $\Gamma_2/2\pi\sim3$~MHz in a similar device~\cite{Scarlino2017b,Scarlino2018}.
These decoherence rates are well below values reported typically for semiconductor charge qubits, usually observed to be above hundreds of~MHz or even up to several GHz~\cite{Petersson2010,Basset2013,Stockklauser2017}.
The possibility to achieve these remarkably low decoherence rates for a DQD charge qubit enabled the realization of time-resolved dispersive read-out~\cite{Scarlino2017b}, and distant qubit-qubit interaction mediated by virtual microwave photons~\cite{Scarlino2018,vanWoerkom2018}.

Here, we have provided a detailed explanation and a method to engineer these low charge decoherence values by easily modifying the contribution of the interdot capacitance $C_m$ to the total QD capacitance, which we can easily assess and tune by exploring the DQD charge stability diagram.
Furthermore, this experiment sheds new light on the puzzling observation reported by different experiments on QD-resonator hybrid system \cite{Scarlino2017b,Ibberson2020} which observed that $g$ and $\Gamma_2$ can vary considerably within the same device configured in different regions of the DQD charge stability diagrams.

In addition, we show that by using the same tuning strategy of the DQD confinement potential, but striving to maximize the DQD electric dipolar coupling energy, we can considerably increase the DQD-resonator coupling strength. This is achieved by configuring the DQD gates voltages to minimize the interdot capacitance $C_{m}$.
To further increase the coupling strength, we implemented a more compact Josephson junction array resonator with reduced stray capacitance respect to a SQUID array resonator. This results in a $\sim4\,\rm{k\Omega}$ resonator impedance.
The JJ array resonator enabled a maximum coupling of $\qubitResonatorCoupling/2\pi \sim 630 \, \rm{MHz}$ for a fundamental mode resonator frequency of $\resonatorAngularFrequency/2\pi \sim5.6\,\rm{GHz}$.
In this way, we realize the Ultra Strong Coupling regime
between electrons hosted in a semiconductor DQD and a microwave resonator.
By increasing the resonator impedance even further and by defining DQDs in shallower 2DEGs, or in semiconductor nanowires and Si-CMOS devices, where a higher gate lever-arm (up to 0.75 in \cite{deJong2019}) has been demonstrated for QDs, it may well be possible to achieve $\qubitResonatorCoupling /\omega_{\rm{r}} \sim 0.4-0.5$. This could enable more advanced investigations of the effects of the breakdown of the rotating-wave-approximation in this class of light-matter hybrid devices~\cite{Niemczyk2010, Kockum2018a, FornDiaz2019}.

Recent experiments with holes confined in 2D-Ge heterostructures have reported effective charge/gate noise lower by a factor of 2-4 with respect to Si and GaAs 2DEG systems~\cite{Lodari2020}, estimated by recording the current fluctuations of a charge detector over long waiting times.
Applying the dipole strength tuning strategy described in this manuscript to holes confined in QDs defined in 2D-Ge systems may enact a substantial improvement in the coherence properties of the charge degree of freedom.
This could enable a more clear study of the ultrastrong coupling physics in the $\eta \rightarrow 1$ limit and the potential to achieve $\mu s$ coherence time for a DQD charge qubit in the $\eta \rightarrow 0$ limit.

Understanding and improving the coherence and control of the electron/hole charge degree of freedom in semiconductor systems is of paramount importance also for future spin qubit applications, especially for systems where the spin is strongly hybridized with the orbital degree via a high real \cite{froningultrafast} or artificial spin-orbit field \cite{kawakami2014}.
We anticipate that these findings will be of great significance for state-of-the-art charge and/or spin qubits as well as any hybrid designs, which are all limited by electrical noise.

\begin{acknowledgements}
	We acknowledge Udson Mendes, Christian Andersen, Mihai Gabureac, Theo Walter, Johannes Heinsoo, Philipp Kurpiers, for the useful discussion. We thank Alexandre Blais for valuable feedback on the manuscript.
	This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation through the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Quantum Science and Technology,
	the project Elements for Quantum Information Processing with Semiconductor/Superconductor Hybrids (EQUIPS) and by ETH Zurich.
\end{acknowledgements}

\begingroup
\bibliographystyle{apsrev4-1}
\defReferences{References}

\defReferences{References}

\input{In_situ_tuning_of_the_electric_dipole_strength_DQD5.bbl}

\endgroup

\clearpage

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Three acquitted in Congressional Black Caucus Probe, Ethics Panel Nabs Rangel
February 26, 2010 politisite Politics 0
Sorry Charlie, We don't want congressman with good taste, we want congressman who are good. Calls for Congressman Charles Rangel's resignation will not fall upon deaf ears this time. House Ethics Panel finds that Rangel broke House rules by accepting trips to the Caribbean from 2007-2008.
An ethics panel of the U.S. House of Representatives has found that Rep. Charles Rangel, D-N.Y., broke House rules, the AP reported. Rangel is the chairman of the powerful Ways and Means Committee, which writes tax laws.
The ethics committee concluded that Rangel knowingly accepted Caribbean trips in 2007 and 2008 in violation of House rules that forbid hidden financing by corporations, the AP has learned.
Rangel has been under an ethical cloud for a few years regarding questions about those trips, unreported income from a home he owns in the Dominican Republic, the rent he pays on rent-stabilized apartments in a Harlem building, and his alleged use of House stationary to solicit money for an academic center that bears his name at CUNY's City College.
So far, Rangel has rebuffed calls for him to relinquish his chairmanship.
Read the rest at Ethics Panel: Rangel Broke House Rules.
Rangel says he'll be admonished over travel payments
Democratic Rep. Charles Rangel will be formally admonished Friday by the House Ethics Committee, he told reporters Thursday.
The issue concerns who paid for travel he and several other members of the Congressional Black Caucus took to the Caribbean in 2007 and 2008.
The powerful chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee told CNN that the ethics committee had approved the travel.
Rangel's district includes the Harlem neighborhood of New York.
via CNN.com.
Obama: The election is over John
Congressman Paul Ryan educates on how the CBO scores Bills

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


ATLANTA – Since a new urban trail opened last month in a former rail corridor in Atlanta, it has drawn crowds of joggers, dog-walkers and cyclists to take in spectacular views of the skyline and neighborhoods once seen only by train. Hundreds of trees have been planted along the paved 14-foot-wide path, while artists have added works such as windmills made of bicycle parts and colorful murals on concrete overpasses.
"I think it's transformational," Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed said. "The new section is already overused in terms of the people. ... Now folks are demanding more and more."
Atlanta's focus on light rail alongside the planned trails is also unique, he added.
One of the best-known examples is the High Line project on Manhattan's West Side, where an elevated rail line was transformed into a two-mile-long elevated park. McMahon said it cost $150 million to build and has generated $2 billion in new construction. Chicago is undertaking The Bloomingdale Trail, a 3-mile-long elevated linear park and trail on a former rail line.
They're also changing the way people get around. In Minneapolis, he said, an abandoned rail yard was turned into a "bicycle freeway" with separate 10-foot-wide paths for travel to and from downtown.
It seems only fitting that Atlantans are reclaiming their rail corridors: The city was settled in 1837 as a railroad crossroads called Terminus.
Atlanta BeltLine Inc., a nonprofit that is an offshoot of the city's economic development authority, works with a myriad of groups and agencies. Its roughly $20-million-plus budget includes new tax revenue above 2005 levels from a BeltLine corridor tax district -- expected to generate $1.7 billion over 25 years -- and government funds and private donations.
However, the grander vision of light rail seems farther off after area voters recently rejected a transportation referendum that included $600 million for transit projects such as the BeltLine.
ABI Chairman John Somerhalder said limited dollars were at issue, but that a higher principle was involved. He said the board has put in place policies "to make sure we're very good stewards going forward."
Somerhalder said there has been $775 million in private redevelopment completed or underway within a half-mile of the trail since 2005. And, he said, the positive response to projects like the Eastside Trail will help build on the $41 million in private fundraising, much of it from Atlanta's major philanthropic groups.
"I like it. It definitely cleans it up," said John Timlin, 29, a worker at New York Butcher Shoppe, whose back door abuts an increasingly crowded trail. Sales have gone up 20 percent since the trail opened.
Camila Brioli, 21, a Brazil native who is studying piano performance at Georgia State University, went for a jog on the trail recently and wound up stopping at the various public art works, including a temporary piece by artist Misao Cates where passersby wrote messages on white ribbons and attached them to bamboo poles. She left one in Portuguese about Brazil's soccer team, one of more than 1,000 left by people.
The new trail, which links century-old Piedmont Park to the well-known Inman Park and Old Fourth Ward neighborhoods, also evokes the past. From one bridge, a visitor can look down on a large retail plaza and lot that was once Ponce de Leon Park, home of the minor-league Atlanta Crackers until the Braves came to town. A magnolia field that was prominently just right of center field still stands.
The trail also passes a 2-million-square-foot red-brick building that was a Sears regional warehouse and store for years before it became city offices for a time.
Fred Yalouris, director of design for the project, said the Eastside Connector has turned out well, drawing on new apartments and condos as well as an influx of 20- and 30-somethings. But planners still must figure out how to better connect neighborhoods that were long separated by railroad tracks.
Two Urban Licks, a popular Atlanta restaurant, used to have a 6-foot-tall privacy fence to shield its back patio, garden and bocce courts from the kudzu-covered railroads tracks. As the trail was built, the fence came down -- and now the eatery may set up a host stand out back. General manager Shireen Herrington called the BeltLine "a great use of something that's just there, been sitting there."
Reed said police patrol the BeltLine, and officials say future plans include lighting.
"It's our first time trying it," the Germany native said of the trail. "It's pretty. It's nice they're doing something that lets people do something outdoors."


Creative Solutions Investigative Services provides tips on how not to fall victim to holiday burglars.
Creative Solutions Investigative Services provides tips on how to keep kids safe.
CSIS James Mottola, comments to CBS News on alleged hack of OPM by Chinese government and its impact on federal employees.
Creative Solutions' James Mottola, Managing Director of Risk Mitigation, speaks at Kean University as part of a cybersecurity panel, organized by Rep. Jon Bramnick.
Burglars are casing their targets utilizing drones.
"Black Tape Bandits" target homes and mark target residences in New York.
Police warn of a burglary spree in Clifton, NJ. Some suggestions on protecting your home and family.
With new security measures being installed in vehicles, thieves are turning to burglaries and carjackings to steal cars.


text:
/**
 * @author Dmitry Batkovich <dmitry.batkovich@jetbrains.com>
 */

class PsiElement {
  public PsiElement getPrevSibling() {
    return null;
  }
  public PsiElement getParent() {
    return null;
  }
}

public class TestCompletion {
  public void method(PsiElement e) {
    PsiElement anotherElement = <caret>
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


THE LAB . We create awesome and stunning digital solutions.
We are a small design studio dedicated to build great digital products.
In "The Lab",we focus mainly on research and development. We have been researching in the field of non-conventional energy sources ,energy efficient appliances,robotics,etc. We are also working in agricultural tools, development, home automation and educational products and packages. We started as a group of hobbyist inclined towards effective application of technology. We were limited to those who approached us, but now we decided to stretch arms and reach the masses. We live with the belief that, we might have a past,but we certainly have a future…!
Design & Maintain By R & D LAB.


text:
NHS trust cancels operations after computer virus hits IT system
North Lincolnshire and Goole trust shuts down most of its network and cancels appointments and routine surgery at three hospitals
Emergency cases are being redirected to neighbouring hospitals. Photograph: Christopher Furlong/Getty Images
Mon 31 Oct 2016 14.49 EDT First published on Mon 31 Oct 2016 14.43 EDT
All appointments and routine operations have been cancelled at three hospitals after a computer virus attacked critical systems.
Officials said around 1,000 patients would be affected at hospitals run by the North Lincolnshire and Goole trust after a major incident was declared due to the virus, which was identified on Sunday.
A spokesperson said staff had had to power down the majority of the trust's network on Monday and specialists were now working to fix the problem.
Crash: how computers are setting us up for disaster | Tim Harford
Officials said patient safety had not been compromised, with doctors resorting to pen and paper and serious emergency cases being redirected to neighbouring hospitals.
The three affected hospitals are the Diana Princess of Wales in Grimsby, Scunthorpe general and Goole and District.
Dr Karen Dunderdale, the trust's deputy chief executive, said: "A virus infected our electronic systems yesterday and we have taken the decision, following expert advice, to shut down the majority of our systems so we can isolate and destroy it.
"Planned operations, outpatient appointments and diagnostic procedures have been cancelled for today and tomorrow."
She added: "All adult patients should presume their appointment/procedure has been cancelled unless they are contacted. Those who turn up will be turned away. Inpatients will continue to be cared for and discharged as soon as they are medically fit. Major trauma cases will be diverted to neighbouring hospitals, as will high-risk women in labour."
It is not clear how the virus got into the hospitals' systems, but officials are hopeful they will be back to full operating capacity by Wednesday.
Dunderdale said: "We are reviewing the situation on an hourly basis. Our clinicians will continue to see, treat and operate on those patients who would be at significant clinical risk should their treatment be delayed.
"Further updates will be posted on the trust website and social media channels.We would like to apologise to all patients who are affected."


The Billy Carter Gas Station Museum is dedicated to the youngest brother of President Jimmy Carter. Billy was known to be a beer drinking embarrassment to the Carter White House at times.
While his "big brother" Jimmy was president you could find Billy hanging out at his gas station with a beer in hand. He would sit there and make statements about Jimmy, and the oil polices of the government. If something else would come to mind he would comment on that also. Today it is considered a "unique cultural landmark and a celebrated community gathering place". The station is a small building just feet away from the highway. The two gas pumps are set to the 1979 gas prices.
Billy's service station was popular with the reporters that would stop frequently. The gas station was better known for its indoor bar with a cooler stocked with beer and its backyard barbeques of ribs and catfish than it was for supplying any fuel.
At the museum you can view "Carter's Closet" where you will see some of Billy's unique wardrobe such as a denim business suit and a pair of custom bib overalls made in red and yellow and a "wizard's hat" made of beer can pop tops . Billy's last pair of cowboy boots are there still caked in mud along with his "Plains Pounder" boxing robe.
You will find empty "Billy Beer" cans string about also. It is said that the gas station sold 2,000 case of beer and 45,000 gallons of gas a month while Jimmy was in the White House.
Billy was known as a heavy drinker for years. He died at the age of 52 in 1999 of pancreatic cancer, in Plains, GA.
You can visit this unique federally designated landmark Monday thru Friday from 8:30 AM to 5PM. Check the hours for weekends.
The nearest larger city is Americus, Georgia, where you'll find a selection of hotels and other fun attractions to view.
Last updated by jack on 31 January, 2012 in Destinations.


text:
Lipstick Announces Charity Campaign for Victims of Mass Shootings
Earlier this year I discovered glam rock band Lipstick. Since then, I've reviewed their album and interviewed them for the podcast. I'm eagerly awaiting their new album; from what I've read about it, it sounds like it'll be even more geeky than the first one (check out this article about some of the guests if you haven't already seen it).
Their most recent venture is one that I think everyone can get behind. They are donating all profits from sales of their debut album to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to help victims of mass shootings, both in the US and Paris. Given that the Paris attacks occurred in part at a concert, this seems like a brilliant idea to me.
More information can be found in their Press Release below.
The American glam rock band Lipstick have announced a special charity campaign for the month of December. All of the profits from sales of the special edition of their debut album will go to International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Lipstick has chosen this charity in order to help victims of mass shootings in their native United States, but also to help the victims of the recent terrorist attacks in France.
"We really wanted to do something to help the victims of these mass shootings," states lead vocalist Greg Troyan. "We were already planning on doing this charity fundraiser when we heard the news of the mass shooting in San Bernardino, which makes this all the more poignant. The Red Cross is consistently there in these times of needs to help victims of these attacks, and we want to do our part in helping them."
"We're a smaller, independent band, so we have to pay out-of-pocket to print and press our albums. But, just because we're a smaller band, doesn't mean we don't want to help. So, all of the profits from the new album during the month of December will go directly to the IFRC, which will not only help victims of the Paris terror attacks, but victims of other mass shooting tragedies as well. The only money not going directly to the IFRC are the Paypal fees, the cost of printing the album, and the cost of shipping the album. Otherwise, all of the money is going to the charity. We're not making any money off of these album sales: we just want to help out in whatever way we can."
The special edition of the debut album is $10, plus $5 for shipping and handling. The album is available both as a physical CD and digital download. Those buying the digital version of the album will receive two additional tracks by world-famous nerd rockers Nuclear Bubble Wrap.
"Obviously, if you buy the digital version of the album, you'll end up donating more to the charity because there's no shipping or printing costs, so we decided to offer a special bonus to the people buying the digital version. Our friends in Nuclear Bubble Wrap have graciously donated two of their songs to be part of this charity promotion, so if you buy the digital version of our album, you'll also get two of their songs. One of them is their classic tune, 'Sharktopus', and another is a song called 'The Fault in Our Death Stars' from their upcoming album 'Multiverses'. Whatever way you buy the album, you're helping out a great cause."
Lipstick's charity campaign shall run throughout the entire month of December. To purchase the special edition of Lipstick's debut album and contribute to the charity campaign, go to http://www.lipstickgeneration.com/merch.
About Chad Walker
Chad (aka Darth Aqueous, Dark Lord of the Fish) is a geeky high school English teacher. He primarily writes about geek music, with a focus on the fandom-y (it's totally a word!) elements of the lyrics. He also produces a weekly podcast with interviews of geeky musicians. He currently lives in Gainesville, FL, with his wife and three cats, Parker (named after the character on Leverage), Anya (from Buffy), and Zoe (from Firefly).
Lipstick, News
Indiegogo Campaign for Two New Albums from Smashy Claw
Ozzfest Meets Knotfest in This Week's Rock Band DLC
Geek Music Reviews for September 2016 Part Two
Geek Music Episode 73: Oranga Tanga
Geek Music Episode 74: Night Sabers


Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust provides services on three main sites: the Royal Cornwall Hospital in Truro; St Michael's Hospital in Hayle; and the West Cornwall Hospital in Penzance. Visit 'Our services' for the full range of options. We offer outstanding, safe private treatment and a range of ways to pay for your care.
What are the benefits of choosing NHS hospitals for private treatment?
By having your treatment in a hospital within the NHS, you can rest assured that there is a full range of general and specialist medical services on site, 24 hours a day. There will always be a doctor who can see you in an emergency. You will have access to any additional care which you might need, including a complete range of diagnostic facilities.
Consultants who treat privately in NHS hospitals are there because it is their work base and this is where they have built up a specialist team. There is always backup from a wide range of on-site expert care, including specialist nurses and therapists.
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In these instances, the hospital will usually invoice & deal with the insurers directly. With emergency admissions the Paying Patients team will be happy to liaise with insurers on your behalf. You are also liable to settle your account for personal items such as newspapers, personal telephone calls etc.
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By using a fixed cost arrangement you can be aware of the full cost of treatment before it starts. In general, the fixed price means there will be no additional consultant or hospital charges for the inpatient or outpatient treatment of a known medical condition once the price has been agreed.
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The price only applies if you have obtained a quote and undergone treatment within the timescale covered by the quote.
What restrictions are there to Fixed cost surgery?
Your consultant will need to establish that there are no underlying medical conditions likely to give rise to complications or additional treatment. Should an unforeseen secondary problem occur this will be treated as an NHS patient unless you opt to have this as an additional private procedure/treatment programme in which case, this will be charged for separately.
RCHT can only offer fixed price surgery on set procedures where the costs are known. There will be some treatment programmes/ procedures where we are unable to offer this option due to a large variance in the price of implants/prosthetics/equipment and/or where the extent of the problem may not be known until the Consultant has commenced the operation.
In these cases we will try to give you a maximum and minimum cost so you have an idea of what you could possibly be expected to pay.
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The fixed cost surgery treatment ends on the earliest of the following dates: The discharge date set by your Consultant; or the day you leave hospital. If you wish to stay in hospital beyond the discharge date set by your Consultant, this may be possible if the bed is not required by another patient but it will be charged for at the appropriate daily rate.
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The Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust does not offer any inducements to referring clinicians to refer private patients for any service at the Royal Cornwall Hospitals i.e. The Royal Cornwall Hospital, West Cornwall Hospital, and St Michaels Hospital.
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The following "low value" services are also provided to clinicians undertaking private practice at the Royal Cornwall Hospital.
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No payments are made by the Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust to referring clinicians holding a part –time position in a private hospital.


text:
By Newsroom24x7 Network on April 25, 2020 • ( Leave a comment )
Ex-bureaucrat blasts letter by group of 101 civil servants
Ex-bureaucrat KK Sethi, (IAS:MP 1963) has taken a diametrically opposite view and has blasted the letter written by 101 ex-civil servants to the Chief Ministers and Lt Govenors of States and Union Territories with a copy marked to the Prime Minister over what they perceive as oppression of Muslims. The letter has special reference to the Tablighi Jamat gathering at Nizamuddin in March this year and the accusation that the Jamaat was responsible for spreading COVID-19 in different parts of the country.
Reacting sharply to the letter, Sethi writes: "It was totally uncalled for, unnecessary and unwarranted."
KK Sethi, while serving as an IAS officer, was highly respected for his commitment to the larger good.
Sethi has held several important posts and was Chief Secretary Manipur and President Board of Revenue in Madhya Pradesh. As Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, he had presented to the President of India, the forty-fourth Annual Report under Article 350- B (2) of the Constitution. For the implementation of the constitutional provisions and Nationally Agreed Scheme of Safeguards provided to linguistic minorities, the report recommends action to be taken by the Central Government and various State Governments/Union Territory Administration, to assuage the feelings of the linguistic minorities.
Earlier on Sunday, 25 April, Sethi wrote on his facebook wall:
It (the letter by ex-bureaucrats) appears more of an apology for the unpardonable behaviour of the Tablighi Jammat. The organization of a conference can probably be overlooked considering their total backwardness but their subsequent conduct and that of their sympathisers was outright immoral, illegal and should have been condemned as such by these bureaucrats. The excuse given is "this was hardly the only incident of such gathering, both religious and political".
It is as if this absolves the Jammat and their supporters of all responsibility. It is usual now a days to reply to any criticism by saying that others are also doing it. This is, in itself, immoral. But it must be observed that nowhere such gatherings were supported by any political party or religious organization. Even while granting that there was an excuse, despite advisory by Delhi Police, for not cancelling the conference but what cannot be condoned is that the members of the Jamaat dispersed all over the country and kept hiding instead of coming forward to offer them for testing and, if required, for isolation and quarantine. But it was not done. Instead the police and medical parties which went in search of them were attacked and assaulted. To call the media irresponsible is ok but is there one word in the letter to call the community irresponsible for not following the legal orders. There were, and are, some irresponsible people trying to target the entire community (in which eighty percent or more will have nothing to do with the misdemeanor of the rest) but so is the attempt to silence the entire media to refrain from comments which bring out the sordid facts. Let us be impartial if we want to address the wrongs that have been done to the entire campaign against the (COVID-19) pandemic by this behavior of the Jamaat and their supporters who must bear responsibility for a number of positive cases.
Another matter: the letter is addressed to Chief Ministers whereas it should have been addressed to the religious leaders. There are many sane voices among them and they need strength by endorsement of their announcements by the group of bureaucrats which swears by the Constitution (and, it is said, do not subscribe to any particular political ideology). The constitutional authorities are all united in devoting their attention to fighting the pandemics and nowhere they have instigated any group for wrongful behavior.
101 civil servants calling themselves the Constitutional Conduct Group that has come out in defence of Tablighi Jamaat gathering at Nizamuddin during COVID pandemic
1. Anita Agnihotri IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Department of Social Justice Empowerment, GoI
2. Salahuddin Ahmad IAS (Retd.) Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of Rajasthan
3. Shafi Alam IPS (Retd.) Former Director General, National Crime Records Bureau, GoI
4. S.P. Ambrose IAS (Retd.) Former Additional Secretary, Ministry of Shipping & Transport, GoI
5. Anand Arni R&AW (Retd.) Former Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat, GoI
6. Mohinderpal Aulakh IPS (Retd.) Former Director General of Police (Jails), Govt. of Punjab
7. G. Balachandhran IAS (Retd.) Former Additional Chief Secretary, Govt. of West Bengal
8. Vappala Balachandran IPS (Retd.) Former Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat, GoI
9. Gopalan Balagopal IAS (Retd.) Former Special Secretary, Govt. of West Bengal
10. Chandrashekhar Balakrishnan IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Coal, GoI
11. Sharad Behar IAS (Retd.) Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh
12. Aurobindo Behera IAS (Retd.) Former Member, Board of Revenue, Govt. of Odisha
13. Madhu Bhaduri IFS (Retd.) Former Ambassador to Portugal
14. Meeran C Borwankar IPS (Retd.) Former DGP, Bureau of Police Research and Development, GoI
15. Sundar Burra IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Govt. of Maharashtra
16. K.M. Chandrasekhar IAS (Retd.) Former Cabinet Secretary, GoI
17. Rachel Chatterjee IAS (Retd.) Former Special Chief Secretary, Agriculture, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh
18. Tishyarakshit Chatterjee IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Environment & Forests, GoI
19. Kalyani Chaudhuri IAS (Retd.) Former Additional Chief Secretary, Govt. of West Bengal
20. Anna Dani IAS (Retd.) Former Additional Chief Secretary, Govt. of Maharashtra
21. Surjit K. Das IAS (Retd.) Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of Uttarakhand
22. Vibha Puri Das IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, GoI
23. P.R. Dasgupta IAS (Retd.) Former Chairman, Food Corporation of India, GoI
24. Nareshwar Dayal IFS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs and former High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
25. Pradeep K. Deb IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Deptt. Of Sports, GoI
26. Nitin Desai IES (Retd.) Former Secretary and Chief Economic Adviser, Ministry of Finance, GoI
27. Keshav Desiraju IAS (Retd.) Former Health Secretary, GoI
28. M.G. Devasahayam IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Govt. of Haryana
29. Sushil Dubey IFS (Retd.) Former Ambassador to Sweden
30. A.S. Dulat IPS (Retd.) Former OSD on Kashmir, Prime Minister's Office, GoI
31. K.P. Fabian IFS (Retd.) Former Ambassador to Italy
32. Arif Ghauri IRS (Retd.) Former Governance Adviser, DFID, Govt. of the United Kingdom (on deputation)
33. Gourisankar Ghosh IAS (Retd.) Former Mission Director, National Drinking Water Mission, GoI
34. Suresh K. Goel IFS (Retd.) Former Director General, Indian Council of Cultural Relations, GoI
35. S. Gopal IPS (Retd.) Former Special Secretary, GoI
36. Meena Gupta IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests, GoI
37. Ravi Vira Gupta IAS (Retd.) Former Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India
38. Wajahat Habibullah IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, GoI and Chief Information Commissioner
39. Deepa Hari IRS (Resigned)
40. Sajjad Hassan IAS (Retd.) Former Commissioner (Planning), Govt. of Manipur
41. Siraj Hussain IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Department of Agriculture, GoI
42. Kamal Jaswal IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Department of Information Technology, GoI
43. Najeeb Jung IAS (Retd.) Former Lieutenant Governor, Delhi
44. Rahul Khullar IAS (Retd.) Former Chairman, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
45. K. John Koshy IAS (Retd.) Former State Chief Information Commissioner, West Bengal
46. Ajai Kumar Indian Forest Service (Retd.) Former Director, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI
47. Brijesh Kumar IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Department of Information Technology, GoI
48. P.K. Lahiri IAS (Retd.) Former Executive Director, Asian Development Bank
49. Aloke B. Lal IPS (Retd.) Former Director General (Prosecution), Govt. of Uttarakhand
50. Subodh Lal IPoS (Resigned) Former Deputy Director General, Ministry of Communications, GoI
51. Harsh Mander IAS (Retd.) Govt. of Madhya Pradesh
52. Amitabh Mathur IPS (Retd.) Former Director, Aviation Research Centre and Former Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat, GoI
53. Aditi Mehta IAS (Retd.) Former Additional Chief Secretary, Govt. of Rajasthan
54. Dalip Mehta IFS (Retd.) Former Secretary to GoI & Dean, Foreign Service Institute
55. Shivshankar Menon IFS (Retd.) Former Foreign Secretary and Former National Security Adviser
56. Sonalini Mirchandani IFS (Resigned) GoI
57. Sunil Mitra IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Finance, GoI
58. Jugal Mohapatra IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Department of Rural Development, GoI
59. Deb Mukharji IFS (Retd.) Former High Commissioner to Bangladesh and former Ambassador to Nepal
60. Shiv Shankar Mukherjee IFS (Retd.) Former High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
61. P.G.J. Nampoothiri IPS (Retd.) Former Director General of Police, Govt. of Gujarat
62. P.A. Nazareth IFS (Retd.) GoI
63. Amitabha Pande IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Inter-State Council, GoI
64. Niranjan Pant IA&AS (Retd.) Former Deputy Comptroller and Auditor General, GoI
65. Alok Perti IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Coal, GoI
66. R.M. Premkumar IAS (Retd.) Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of Maharashtra
67. S.Y. Quraishi IAS (Retd.) Former Chief Election Commissioner
68. N.K. Raghupathy IAS (Retd.) Former Chairman, Staff Selection Commission, GoI
69. V.P. Raja IAS (Retd.) Former Chairman, Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission
70. K. Sujatha Rao IAS (Retd.) Former Health Secretary, GoI
71. M.Y. Rao IAS (Retd.)
72. Satwant Reddy IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Chemicals and Petrochemicals, GoI
73. Vijaya Latha Reddy IFS (Retd.) Former Deputy National Security Adviser, GoI
74. Julio Ribeiro IPS (Retd.) Former Adviser to Governor of Punjab & former Ambassador to Romania
75. Aruna Roy IAS (Resigned)
76. Manabendra N. Roy IAS (Retd.) Former Additional Chief Secretary, Govt. of West Bengal
77. Deepak Sanan IAS (Retd.) Former Principal Adviser (AR) to Chief Minister, Govt. of Himachal Pradesh
78. G. Sankaran IC&CES (Retd.) Former President, Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal
79. Shyam Saran IFS (Retd.) Former Foreign Secretary and Former Chairman, National Security Advisory Board
80. S. Satyabhama IAS (Retd.) Former Chairperson, National Seeds Corporation, GoI
81. N.C. Saxena IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Planning Commission, GoI
82. A. Selvaraj IRS (Retd.) Former Chief Commissioner, Income Tax, Chennai, GoI
83. Ardhendu Sen IAS (Retd.) Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of West Bengal
84. Abhijit Sengupta IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Culture, GoI
85. Aftab Seth IFS (Retd.) Former Ambassador to Japan
86. Ajay Shankar IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Deptt. of Industrial Policy & Promotion
87. Ashok Kumar Sharma IFS (Retd.) Former Ambassador to Finland and Estonia
88. Navrekha Sharma IFS (Retd.) Former Ambassador to Indonesia
89. Raju Sharma IAS (Retd.) Former Member, Board of Revenue, Govt. of Uttar Pradesh
90. Har Mander Singh IAS (Retd.) Former Director General, ESI Corporation, GoI
91. Tirlochan Singh IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, National Commission for Minorities, GoI
92. Jawhar Sircar IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Culture, GoI, & former CEO, Prasar Bharati
93. Narendra Sisodia IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Finance, GoI
94. Sanjivi Sundar IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary, Ministry of Surface Transport, GoI
95. Parveen Talha IRS (Retd.) Former Member, Union Public Service Commission
96. Thanksy Thekkekera IAS (Retd.) Former Additional Chief Secretary, Minorities Development, Govt. of Maharashtra
97. P.S.S. Thomas IAS (Retd.) Former Secretary General, National Human Rights Commission
98. Geetha Thoopal IRAS (Retd.) Former General Manager, Metro Railway, Kolkata
99. Hindal Tyabji IAS (Retd.) Former Chief Secretary rank, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir
100. Ashok Vajpeyi IAS (Retd.) Former Chairman, Lalit Kala Akademi
101. Ramani Venkatesan IAS (Retd.) Former Director General, YASHADA, Govt. of Maharashtra
Content of Civil Servants' letter
We are a group of former civil servants belonging to the All-India and Central Services, from all over India. As a group, we do not subscribe to any particular political ideology but rather focus on issues that have a bearing upon the Indian Constitution. We have been holding Conclaves and writing Open Letters on matters of concern since we came together as the Constitutional Conduct Group in June 2017.
It is with much anguish that we bring to your attention reports of harassment of Muslims in some parts of the country, particularly following the meeting of the Tablighi Jamaat in March in the Nizamuddin area of New Delhi.
The Jamaat was criticised for ignoring the principles of social distancing when cases of COVID-19 had started emerging in the country. Although this was hardly the only incident of such gatherings, both political and religious, sections of the media hastened to give a communal colour to COVID-19, including attributing motives to the Tablighi Jamaat in spreading the virus to different parts of the country. The action of the Jamaat in organising such an event, ignoring the Delhi Government's advisories was, without question, misguided and condemnable. However, the action of the media in communalizing it and extending it to the Muslim community as a whole is utterly irresponsible and reprehensible.
Such coverage has fuelled hostility towards the Muslim community in parts of the country. Fake video clips have been doing the rounds showing Muslim vendors spitting on the fruits and vegetables that they have for sale – purportedly to spread the Covid-19 disease. Cases have been reported of vegetable vendors being asked their religion, even being assaulted when they mention Muslim names. Video recordings of such incidents are circulating through social media at this time. The fear and insecurity generated by the pandemic is sought to be channelled into the "othering" of the Muslim community in different places to keep them out of public spaces, purportedly to protect the rest of the population!
There are reports from Hoshiarpur that Muslim Gujjars who traditionally migrate from Punjab to Himachal Pradesh with their cattle were denied entry at the border by the police due to apprehension of tension created by mobs on the other side to prevent their entry. Photographs of men, women and children forced to take shelter on the banks of the Swan river, where hundreds of litres of milk had to be dumped following this blockade, have appeared. Photos from a market in Biharsharif, Nalanda district, Bihar, show pictures of flags being affixed to the carts of non-Muslim vendors with exhortations that buyers should only purchase produce from such carts. These seemingly isolated incidents appear to be building up to an ostracism of Muslims.
More disturbingly, reports of discrimination are also coming in from various places about Muslims being turned away from hospitals and health facilities. It is reported that on 8th April, Fauzia Shaheen, a weaver from the Muslim-dominated area of Madanpura in Varanasi, who was experiencing labour pains, was repeatedly turned away from clinics and hospitals including from the Sir Sunderlal Hospital at the Banaras Hindu University, even after she delivered a baby outside the hospital. Following an outcry in the social media, police registered a case against the management of a cancer hospital in Meerut that had put out an advertisement saying that it would treat Muslims only when they produce a report showing that they have tested negative for coronavirus. In Ahmedabad, we learn that separate wards have been designated for Muslim patients of Coronavirus.
In addition, there are reports of the special entitlements of rations and cash that governments have sanctioned at this time being denied to Muslim families.
The entire country is going through unprecedented trauma. We can endure, survive and overcome the challenges that this pandemic has imposed on us only by remaining united and helping each other. We laud those Chief Ministers who have been resolutely secular in their approach both in general and, in particular, in relation to this pandemic.
We should remember that traditionally India has maintained good relations with Muslim nations and has been seen as their friend. Millions of our fellow citizens live and work in these countries. There has been serious concern expressed in these countries about the recent developments. We should ensure, through our non-discriminatory action and relief measures, that the minorities have nothing to fear in India. This will help assuage the misgivings of these countries and avoid any consequential detriment to the prospects of the sizable Indian diaspora there.
We call upon you to reassure all the people in your State that by following the instructions for social distancing and the practices regarding using face covering and hand washing, they can keep safe from COVID-19. It needs to be emphasized that there is no truth whatsoever in the rumours that any particular group has more infections than others in our country. Incidents like the one in Karnataka, where three Hindu youth created panic at a police check post in Mandya district on 8th April by posing as Muslims with Coronavirus infection, need to be dealt with firmly, as was done in this case by the Karnataka police.
We request you to instruct all public functionaries to be particularly vigilant to prevent social boycott of any community in the State and to ensure that all the entitlements including medical and hospital care, rations and financial assistance are available equally to all those in need.
At this time of grave national and international crisis, we count on your leadership in bringing the people of India together rather than allowing the deepening of fissures in our country.
Constitutional Conduct Group
Categories: India
Tagged as: letter by Civil Servants, Oppression of Muslims
Home Ministry issues lockdown relaxation order
Top Secretary level postings in Government of India


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Q: To-infinitive, intransitive verb Asking about 'to-infinitive'
The phrase below is a part of a sentence and I want to know how this is grammatically correct.
"~a world that had stripped him of his manhood, of his power to provide."
The book translation sees 'provide' as the meaning of 'support.' (provide for=support)
However, as i know, if we want to mean 'provide' as 'support', it should be the intransitive verb. Thus, I'm curious if this phrase is grammatically correct without adding 'for' after 'provide' as in: of his power to provide for.
Help me to understand this!

A: Provide is usually transitive, but it can be intransitive when it is used in a general sense. A well known example is "the Lord will provide", meaning provide whatever is needed.
Here it has that general sense; but because of the negative polarity induced by "stripped", I would render it as provide anything.
Incidentally, I don't think that support is a good paraphrase of provide for: Provide for refers specifically to providing the physical or financial resources required. Support can have that sense, but in the absence of context it would have a more general meaning.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Projection operators in a problem about the Hubbard model I am attending a course in Statistical Field theory. So far, we have covered little more than field operators and second quantization. Exercise series are used to introduce topics that we do not discuss in the theoretical classes.
In one of the exercise series of my course, we discuss the Hubbard model. After proving that the Hamiltonian of this model is

they say that, in order to study the case $U>>t$, we shall introduce projection operators $P_1,P_2$ that project on the subspaces $H_1$ and $H_2$ of a Hilbert space $H$". They ask me to derive "the effective Hamiltonian $P_1H_{eff}P_1$ that acts on $H_1$" considering that $\vert\Psi_1\rangle = P_1\vert\Psi\rangle$ obeys the Schrodinger equation
$$
            P_1H_{eff}P_1\vert\Psi_1\rangle=E\vert\Psi_1\rangle
$$
My first question: how can such an operator $P_1$ make sense? I would think that it was a map $P_1:H\rightarrow H_1$, but that does not make sense because in the Schrodinger equation above we're acting $P_1$ on $\vert\Psi_1\rangle$, an element of $H_1$. To me, it would make sense that our "effective Hamiltonian on $H_1$" was $P_1H_{eff}P_1^{-1}$, where $H_{eff}:H\rightarrow H$. But this is not what they do.
Also, they ask to show that, to second order in $H_c$, this gives

But they never say what $H_c$ is, and also I don't know what they mean by $\frac{1}{E-P_2HP_2}$ (a fraction with operators).


text:
Ayatollah Montazeri is another term for Hussein-Ali Montazeri, an Iranian cleric.

Ayatollah Montazeri may also refer to:
 Ayatollah Montazeri-ye Bala, village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
 Ayatollah Montazeri-ye Pain, village in Khuzestan Province, Iran

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Qatar 2022: I won't say Argentina were helped, but I've spoken to the referee – Deschamps
By Motunrayo on Monday, December 19, 2022 0
France head coach, Didier Deschamps has expressed his unhappiness over some refereeing decisions in the 2022 World Cup final on Sunday.
Les Bleus failed to retain the trophy after they lost 4-2 to Argentina.
Deschamps has now questioned the penalty awarded after Angel Di Maria fell under the challenge of Ousmane Dembele.
Lionel Messi stepped up to convert the kick and give his team a 1-0 lead in the first half.
Di Maria made it 2-0 before Kylian Mbappe's brace took the game to extra time.
Messi and Mbappe then scored to take the game to a penalty shoot-out.
"I said before the match that Argentina had been lucky," Deschamps said.
"I'm not saying they were helped. But I have spoken to the referee."


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