Over the last few weeks the LHC controllers have been working towards an improved luminosity target using squeezed beams. This morning they succeeded when they declared stable beams using the new configuration. Since the 30th march when the protons were collided at 3.5TeV per beam for the first time, they have been running with a configuration of 3.5TeV/11m/10Billion/2-bunches (energy per beam/beta/protons per bunch/bunches per beam). The new configuration is 3.5TeV/2m/12Billion/3-bunches. This should increase the luminosity by a factor of about 10 (x5 from the squeeze and x2 from the bunches) but they may need to do some luminosity scans to reposition the beams before they actually increase the collision rate by that amount.
The bucket configuration being used is (1, 8941, 17851) for beam 1 and (1, 8911, 17851) for beam 2. The total number of buckets is determined by the frequency of the RF fields used to accelerate the beam and the size of the collider ring. The result is that there are exactly 35640 buckets in each beam where the bunches of protons can be positioned. The bunches are injected from the SPS ring into the main LHC ring with careful timing so that they are placed in the buckets the controllers want.
The buckets chosen determine where the protons in the two beams will cross over and collide. bunches in bucket 1 for beam 1 and bucket 1 for beam 2 circulate in opposite directions so they will come together at two points diametrically opposite around the ring. These two points are called IP1 and IP5 and these are where the two biggest experiments live (ATLAS and CMS) . Other bunches that are in the same bucket number will also collide at these points. E.g with todays bucket numbers the bunches in bucket 17851 of either beam will also collide in ATLAS and CMS, but the bunches in buckets 8941 and 8911 will miss, so these experiments are now getting twice as many collisions as the previous configuration.
The other bucket numbers are chosen to provide collisions at the other two intersection points IP2 (ALICE), and IP8 (LHCb) The point IP2 is exactly one eighth of the way round the collider ring so bunches will collide there when the difference of bunch numbers (b2 – b1) is exactly 35640/4 = 8910, so with today's configuration the bunch in bucket 8911 of beam 2 collides with the bunch in bucket 1 of beam 1, and 17851 of beam 2 collides with 8941 of beam 1. So ALICE is also getting twice as many bunches colliding as before.
Finally, LHCb at IP8 is at a point approximately one eighth of the way round the ring in the other direction, but because of the nature of the detector its collision point is 11.5 meters away from the exact point. This means that the difference in bucket numbers must be -8940 rather than the more convenient -8910. With the new numbers we have bucket 8941 of beam 1 colliding with bucket 1 of beam 2 and bucket 17851 of beam 1 colliding with 8911 of beam 2. So LHCb also sees two collisions for every circuit of the ring and the controllers have been fair to each of the experiments.
As the number of bunches is increased the controllers will have to work harder to find the best bucket numbers. For CMS and ATLAS they want all bunches in equal bucket numbers to maximise the number of collisions. To please ALICE they should place them at intervals a quarter of the way round. Four bunches in buckets (1,8911, 17821, 26731) for both beams would be ideal for CMS, ALICE and ATLAS who would each see four collisions per circuit, but would fail for LHCb. They will have to offset the bucket numbers to get the best results.
As the number of bunches gets larger the problem eases. If they could have 1188 bunches placed at 30 bucket intervals then all four experiments would be seeing 1188 collisions per circuit. In practice this is not possible because some gaps must be left to allow safe dumping of the beams at the end of each run. The bunches must also be at least 10 bucket numbers apart. There are other constraints depending on how bunches can be injected and various other considerations. In fact the highest number of bunches planned is 2808 per beam.
Before they get there we will see them go through other carefully worked out bucket schemes with possibly 16, 43, 96, 156 or 936 bunches per beam. Juggling the precise bucket numbers to please all the experiments is going to be a delicate business.
James Lovelock is the first scientist in this series who is still alive. This also means that some of his work remains controversial, but a great deal of his research that was originally attacked is now widely accepted.
As a child, Lovelock was fascinated by science and read many books about physics and chemistry at the library. His school life was not very happy and his teachers did not rate him very highly. Towards the end of his secondary schooling he took part in a written test on general knowledge and came top. His teachers were indignant.
Although he was interested in a broad range of science topics he went on to study chemistry at university because he had a form of dyslexia that made it difficult for him to succeed in more mathematical subjects such as physics. He went on to work for the Medical Research Council and gained a doctorate in medicine in 1948. He invented a number of detection devices including the electron capture detector which made it possible to detect very small amounts of certain chemicals in the atmosphere. Although he has at times worked for various institutions and universities he has done most of his research as an independent scientist funded by revenues from his inventions.
Working from his home laboratory, Lovelock decided to investigate the effects of human pollution on atmospheric conditions such as haze. He used his electron capture detector to measure concentrations of CFC compounds in the atmosphere and correlated the results with conditions of visibility,finding a strong relationship. Because CFCs have no natural origin this demonstrated a clear link between pollution and its effects on the weather. The work drew attention to the buildup of CFC's in the atmosphere which nobody else had measured before Lovelock. It was then realised by others that CFC gases were harming the ozone layer that protects us from ultraviolet radiation and a worldwide ban on the substances was put in place preventing a natural disaster. In 1974 Frank Rowland and Mario Molina were awarded the Nobel prize for this discovery. Once again we see how the most independent thinkers seem to make discoveries that lead to Nobel Prices for others who work in a more institutionalised environment.
Lovelock established a good reputation through his work and was called on by NASA when they wanted to develop tests that would detect life on Mars. Lovelock worked with other scientists on the project but became critical of the approaches others were taking. The director told him he must produce a good test himself or leave the team. He came back with the suggestion that they should measure the composition of the Martian atmosphere because if there was life on Mars it would result in a mixture of compounds that would be hard to explain through inorganic processes. This idea had the benefit that it could be carried out without sending probes to Mars and measurements were soon taken showing that the atmosphere was almost entirely carbon dioxide. It was concluded that there is probably very little or no life on Mars at this time.
It was inspiration from this work that led Lovelock to the hypothesis for which he is now well-known. He suggested that the atmosphere and climate on Earth is not just affected by life, it is actually controlled by it. The temperature of our atmosphere can be controlled by phytoplankton that live in the upper sunlit layers of the ocean. In response to the sunlight they produce chemicals that rise in the atmosphere and increase the cloud levels. This in turns cools the planet. Carbon dioxide levels can be controlled by algae that bloom when there are high concentrations of the gas. This removes the carbon dioxide and deposits it on the seafloor. Even oxygen levels are controlled by vegetation that will burn more frequently when concentrations get too high.
At first Lovelock's hypothesis did not get much attention so in 1979 he gave it a catchy name and wrote a popular book about it: "Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth" In the book he described the earth as acting like a superorganism that self regulates its systems. The reaction was probably not quite what he had anticipated. The cause was taken up by New Age thinkers in ways he did not particularly like. Evolutionary scientists such as Dawkins, Gould and Doolittle attacked the idea, saying that it was not consistent with evolution. Lovelock was not anti-evolution and set about more research aimed at showing how the Gaia hypothesis could arise naturally. Eventually he started to receive more support for his work.
Thrity years later scientists now accept that there are strong links between biological systems and the way our atmosphere is regulated by nature, much as Lovelock proposed. The way such systems developed is still open to question. Lovelock went on to suggest that human activity is now upsetting the balance that nature established and this has set the foundations of the environmentalist movement.
At 86 Lovelock is no longer considered a crank. He is appreciated as the founder of a new area of science investigating the relationship between biological systems and the atmosphere. Without his insight we would have been much slower to understand the negative effects we have been having on our climate through pollution.
Fritz Zwicky was a Swiss astronomer who worked most of his life at Caltech in the US. He had a good reputation as an astronomical observer but his real passion was for astronomical theory based on applications of physics. He was in fact one of the first true astrophysicists from the 1920s onwards. But during most of his lifetime he was very underappreciated for his theories of cosmology and stellar physics. In fact that is really putting it mildly. Many of his colleagues were very hostile towards him and his theories. Of the scientists described in this series he is arguably the one who was most regarded as a "crackpot". That is until many of his ideas were proved right many years later.
Zwicky had a remarkable ability to consider a problem from a fresh perspective and disregard any misguided preconceptions of the time. Because of this he was capable of coming up with what seemed like wild theories to others. With hindsight it seems like about half of these ideas turned out to be right while the others really were just too wild, or perhaps some of them are still ahead of their time.
In 1935 Zwicky published his theory in collaboration with Walter Baade that when supernovae explode they leave behind them a star with the density of nuclear matter made of neutrons. They predicted that these neutron stars were responsible for cosmic rays and proposed Supernovae as standard candles for measuring distances to other galaxies.
Today these ideas are so much a standard part of our astrophysics that it is hard to appreciate just how revolutionary they were at the time. Neutrons had just been discovered two years earlier while cosmic rays had only been observed since 1912. Even the term "supernova" had only been coined in 1926 by Zwicky himself. To other scientists of the time, putting these new ideas together in such a way must have seemed like just a historical trick that was too much to swallow.
In fact the theory was based on sound reasoning and built on the theory of white dwarfs as a Fermi gas which had developed over the previous decade. At the same time as Zwicky and Baade proposed their theory of supernovae another controversy was raging on the other side of the Atlantic between Chandrasekhar and Eddington. Chandrasekhar predicted that there was a limit to how heavy a white dwarf could be before it must collapse to form a black hole. Eddington could not accept that nature would include black holes and argued that relativity must be modified in such extreme circumstances to avoid the Chandrasekhar limit. Astronomers now believe that the neutron star is the densest stable state before this limit is reached.
The resistance towards these ideas persisted so long that when pulsars were observed 32 years later, few people were prepared for the discovery. The pulsing radio signals observed by Jocelyn Bell in Cambridge were at first thought to be interference and then alien signals. Bell's supervisor Antony Hewish could not accept the observation at first because the strength, rapidity and regularity of the signal meant that it had to come from a small dense source. It was not until the following year that Thomas Gold and Franco Pacini proposed that pulsars were rotating neutron stars. When Stephen Hawking heard of the discovery that neutron stars exist he told Hewish that now they must accept that black holes too are out there in space waiting to be found.
There is a story that in the 1950s a woman member of the public viewed the Crab Nebula source at the University of Chicago's telescope, and pointed out to the astronomer Elliot Moore that it appeared to be flashing. Moore, told her that it was just the star twinkling due to atmospheric waves. The woman protested that as a qualified pilot she understood scintillation and this was something else. We now know that it is a neutron star that flashes 30 times a second. At the time most astronomers could not have accepted such an explanation.
Neutron stars were not Zwicky's only successful theory. He also believed that galaxies were held together in clusters with unseen dark matter accounting for the gravitational forces needed. he predicted on this basis that such clusters could act as gravitational lenses producing effects that would be observed. he was of course right on all counts but it is only in the last few decades that the theory of dark matter has finally become widely accepted over alternative explanations.
Not everything Zwicky thought of turned out to be right. His notable failures include his theory of tired light which he invented because he did not accept the expanding universe theory. Even though such ideas our now discounted, at the time they were not so unreasonable and such alternative theories are important in the development of cosmology and physics as counterfoils against which observations can be used.
Nevertheless, in his time almost all of Zwicky's theories were rejected by his colleagues. He garnered respect only for his careful astronomical observations which included the discovery of over a hundred supernovae, more than any other individual has found. He lived just long enough to see neutron stars become excepted but it took longer for other astronomers to admit he had been right and credit him with the greatness he deserves. He received very few honours for his scientific work but was awarded a gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Who discovered Radioactivity? Every physics student has heard the story of how Henri Becquerel made the chance discovery while studying the effects of light on chemicals using photographic plates in 1896. He normally exposed the chemicals to sunlight and then left them on a photographic plate in a dark drawer to see if they would expose the plate. One day he was trying the experiment with some uranium salts but the sky stayed cloudy, so he put the plates and chemicals in the drawer without the exposure to wait for better light. When he took them out he decided to develop the plates anyway and was surprised to find that they had been darkened despite the lack of light. He had discovered the effects of radioactivity.
Becquerel was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903. His contribution is further recognised in the modern name for the unit of radioactivity.
What most people don't know is that the same discovery had been made some four decades earlier by Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor. Like Becquerel he was studying the effects of light on various chemicals and was using photographic plates to test the reaction. He also used uranium salts and found that they continued to blacken the plates long after any exposure to light had been stopped. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence had been known for many years and Niepce knew that this new observation did not conform to either phenomena. He reported his results to the Academy of Sciences in France several times.
A few scientists including Foucault commented on the findings but no-one had a good explanation. Surprisingly no-one seems to have tried to replicate them and it is likely that everyone thought that there was most likely some experimental error. In any case Niepce and his discovery were soon forgotten.
When Becquerel rediscovered the same result as Niepce the situation was very different. By then X-rays were known and physicists were ready to appreciate that another new type of ray could exist. One physicist Gustave Le Bon pointed to the prior work of Niepce de Saint-Victor but he was ridiculed. Any further chance that Niepce might gain some recognition were extinguished when the Nobel Committee awarded the physics prize to Becquerel.
The story of Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor is typical of what happens to scientists who make a discovery whose importance is not recognised at the time. You would expect that when the effect is rediscovered later, people would appreciate the original discoverer, but that is not what happens. Usually the new discoverer gets most or all of the credit and the original scientists contribution is neglected because he failed to grab everybody's attention, even if he managed to publish the result six times. In this case it is only in recent years that some small amount of appreciation for the work of Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor has finally emerged.
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Consilium Academies is a multi-academy Trust working across the North of England. It has nine academy schools located in Yorkshire, the North West, and the North East. Consilium is dedicated to enriching lives and inspiring ambitions for both students and colleagues.
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Chris is Head of the Centre for Professional Learning, and Head of Professional Development and Research at Consilium Academies.
Chris has designed and delivered training for teachers and leaders at all levels.
He was previously a Fellow in the Learning Design Team at Ambition Institute, designing and delivering training on the early roll-out of the Early Career Framework support, Expert Middle Leaders, Transforming Teaching programme, and on NPQs. He has delivered NPQML and NPQSL content for Star Institute, designed content for the new NPQ frameworks for the Teacher Development Trust, and has mentored and coached new and experienced teachers and delivered whole-school training in many schools.
He is the chair of trustees of a small multi-academy trust in Bolton, and has previously been chair of governors of a secondary school and a governor of a maintained primary school.
Chris began his career in education as a secondary school English teacher. He lives in Stockport, with two school-aged daughters.
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Lizzie is the strategic lead for the Centre for Professional Learning in the North East. She's a teacher of PE at Washington Academy, and has experience in supporting new teachers, trainee teachers, and their mentors.
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Emma is our Consilium Leader of Education for Science, and Head of Science at Ellesmere Park High School
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Outside of school, Kelly enjoys spending time with her husband and two sons preferable in a hot foreign climate.
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Welcome to Hokianga's peaceful paradise for one-on-one healing. At Waiotemarama Healing Space you have everything at your doorstep with secluded privacy and choices of taking in the wonders of bush, forest or ocean. Hokianga harbour and Waipoua forest are no more than 8 minutes drive away, so you have the benefit regenerating in nature surrounded by native trees, tui birds and in the garden here in Waiotemarama. Even during the winter months a breath-taking walk along the wild west coast or some walks through the magic Waiotemarama and Waipoua forests will uplift your spirit. If you need a break from a busy lifestyle, a one-on-one healing program, have writer's block, or need inspiration for you next painting, this is the perfect holiday place for you. For those of you who are convalescing from an illness or have some specific health problems you can expect individual attention and nursing care if needed all year round. You are welcome to phone with any queries. For some additional information on Huna please see this website: www.hunahawaii.com Please check the following web site for information on workshops for families. www.feelingfreeholisticlifecoaching.com When families meditate together the collective energy becomes more productive, creative, peaceful and harmonious. You can stay for a 2 night weekend or for longer stays and complete the Inner Voyage Basic Meditation certificate course. ou will find out more about 'Feeling Free Workshops on my web site. Please phone or email with any questions and bookings.
If there is a booking for one night only an extra cost of $15.00 will be added. Hawaiian massage and Reiki healing are offered for a separate fee. With the sofa bed 6 people can be accommodated. Each extra person over 4 the cost per night is $15.00 each.


Description Price includes: $500 - Nissan Customer Cash - 2019 Altima SER. Exp. 04/30/2019, $1,500 - Nissan Customer Cash - National. Exp. 04/30/2019 2019 Nissan Altima 2.5 SV Gun Metallic FWD CVT with Xtronic 2.5L 4-Cylinder BACKUP CAMERA, KEYLESS ENTRY, CVT with Xtronic.
You get our best price up front without you having to spend hours negotiating for it. Recent Arrival!


Offering a superlative combo of unmatched sights of forest-covered mountains, tranquil lagoon, overwater bungalows and activities galore, Bora Bora is one of those destinations which need an introduction only once. We've put together fantastic holiday deals for Tahiti and Her Islands! With discounts, return flights, resort credit and tours bundled in, it's a steal! Check them out now!
Like its name, this island destination has few equals (if any). For couples, honeymooners and families, Bora Bora is a bucket list destination that you'll want to visit over and over again.
Bora Bora is romance central! Couples can hike tropical forests filled with wildflowers, paddle the clear waters of the lagoon on a kayak for two, go fishing, exploring the tiny islands or swim in the warm waters – love is in the air everywhere in Bora Bora!
Bora Bora is magic and beauty wrapped in a pareo of mystery (a pareo is what you call a sarong in the French Polynesia!).
Regularly topping travel magazines as the most romantic place on Earth, as well as 'most exotic island' and one of the most beautiful lagoons on the planet, Bora Bora defies all expectations and assumptions. Just a 50-minute flight from Tahiti's Fa'a International Airport, this volcanic caldera is a Mecca for newly-weds, couples and families. Flying around towering green peaks of Mount Otemanu, over the stark cerulean and aquamarine waters of the lagoon makes for one of the best teasers to start any holiday.
Compared to other beach destinations like Koh Samui, Jamaica and Barbados, the tiny Bora Bora barely comes up to the 30-square kilometre mark. But Bora Bora, which means 'first born' in Polynesian translates to 'first among equals'. To the south of the lagoon is the Matira beach, a pristine example of clean sand and forget-me-not blue Pacific waters lapping at the edge. As visitors paddle out further to explore the tiny motus, the water turns a deeper, hypnotic cobalt.
For an aquatic sports-centric destination, there are few islands that can come up to Bora Bora's level. From parasailing, which offers a brilliant bird's eye view of the islands and the lagoon to kite surfing, sailing, surfing, snorkelling, diving and swimming with manta rays, every activity is amazing here.
Incidentally, Bora Bora was the first to have overwater bungalows with glass floors. With renowned hotel names owning private islands, an overwater bungalow with the meals, housekeeping and sundry being kayaked to your doorstep is a unique experience.
The locals here, numbering around 1,000, are warm to a fault, know their history and culture, and extend friendly hospitality to travellers. Travellers staying at Bora Bora resorts will have lingering memories of bright smiles, the relaxed pace and 'aita pea pea' which means 'don't worry'. This holiday destination will indeed see travellers leaving woes and worries far behind while here.
Land Activities: Parasailing and hiking Mount Pahia and Mount Otemanu are highly recommended for adventure enthusiasts for psychedelic views of the lagoon and the ocean stretching onwards.
Water Sports: Snorkelling, diving, cruising, fishing, paddle boarding, kitesurfing and of course, jet skiing! Every imaginable activity on water is raised to a phenomenal experience in Bora Bora.
Swimming with sharks: Professional tour operators will have travellers feeding manta and eagle rays, swimming with reef sharks and being accompanied by pods of leaping dolphins.
Explore the quiet: Bora Bora, despite the abundance of activities and fun, is a quiet, placid island. There are a number of cafes and restaurants where travellers can savour international cuisines and wines when not swimming or hiking. Reading a book under the thatched patio of your overwater bungalow is a definite to-do.
Soak in the unadulterated romance of Bora Bora!
Hospitality standards like the InterContinental, St Regis and the Four Seasons all have resorts in Bora Bora. Even so, the heavy rush during high season makes it imperative to book in advance. From overwater bungalows to beachside retreats, every accommodation has superb views of one of the most beautiful islands ever.
The dry season for French Polynesia lasts from June to October. The Heiva i Bora Bora festival in July is a fun-filled, annual cultural event. During this week-long fiesta, the region pulls out all stops on fun and fervour. Dances, singing and sporting events mark the days and evenings for non-stop entertainment.
The Hawaiki Nui canoe race in November also brings in crowds from all corners of the globe. Teams from Polynesian countries and beyond compete in outrigger canoes in a gruelling battle against nature and the sea. As is the norm, the latter part of the day is filled with traditional song and dance events. And for the first time in 30 years, the region is hosting a two-day extravaganza of culture, food and sports – the Bora Bora Festival. Talk to our South Pacific Specialists at 1300 991 751 for more details and book now!


text:
Q: What is the perfect way to make a logout from IOS app? The below code is working but has a bug. The scenario is that, I begin by logging in to enter the app system. Once the login has succeeded, the app will set UserDefaults (UserId). After that, I can navigate the app views with stored UserId. Once I go to settings and tab logout, that will clean UserId and go to login view.
The BUG: When I login again to the app and click the home button to go to iPhone desktop and close the app, and return to open it again it still storing the UserId. So, if I go to the setting and log out that will clean UserId and will not go to login view. I don't know why.
The code:
- (IBAction)resetKeychain:(id)sender {

    UIActionSheet *actionSheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc]
                 initWithTitle:@"Are you sure you want to logout?"
                 delegate:self
                 cancelButtonTitle:@"Cancel"
                 destructiveButtonTitle:@"Logout"
                 otherButtonTitles:nil];
    actionSheet.actionSheetStyle = UIActionSheetStyleDefault;
    [actionSheet showFromTabBar:self.tabBarController.tabBar];
    [actionSheet release];

}

- (void)actionSheet:(UIActionSheet *)actionSheet clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex {
    if (buttonIndex ==0) {
        //logout
        NSUserDefaults * defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
        //delete user ID fro user Defaults
        [defaults setObject:nil forKey:@"UserId"];
        //redirect to login view

        NewClassMoonAppDelegate * appsDelegate =[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
        [appsDelegate.window addSubview:[appsDelegate.login view]];

    }
}

A: From what I can interpret from you question, which needs to be formatted and made coherent by the way, I believe that:
a) your @"UserID" value is not syncing with NSUserDefaults because you are not calling the -synchronize method. NSUserDefaults will update its in-memory key-value store, but will not write it to disk meaning that it's lost at an arbitrary time.
b) The fact that it is not going to the loginView could be to do with any few reasons, most likely that it is already a subview of your UIWindow. So, instead of reusing the login property in your app delegate, create a new instance variable of the View Controller, and set that as the rootViewController instead.
- (void)actionSheet:(UIActionSheet *)actionSheet clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex {

    if (buttonIndex == 0) {
        NSUserDefaults * defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
        [defaults setObject:nil forKey:@"UserId"];
        [defaults synchronize];
        //redirect to login view

        NewClassMoonAppDelegate * appsDelegate =[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
        LoginViewController *login = [[LoginViewController alloc] initWithNibName...];
        [appsDelegate.window setRootViewController:nil];
        [appsDelegate.window setRootViewController:login];

    }
}

A: Swift:
From max_'s answer with some changes:
let objectsToSave: [String] = [obj1, obj2, obj3]
for key in objectsToSave {
    NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults().removeObjectForKey(key)
}

 let appsDelegate = UIApplication.sharedApplication().delegate
 let storyboard = UIStoryboard(name: "MainStoryboard", bundle: nil)
 let newLoginVC: LoginViewController = storyboard.instantiateInitialViewController() as! LoginViewController
 appsDelegate?.window!!.rootViewController = nil
 appsDelegate?.window!!.rootViewController = newLoginVC

EDIT: The only changes I've made are just that I initialize newLoginVC through Storyboards instead of initWitName.

A: Make property of UINavigation controller and synthesize it, And write below code on logout button
AppDelegate * appDelegateObj =[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
    login *loginObj = [[login alloc]initWithNibName:@"login" bundle:nil];
    [appDelegateObj.window setRootViewController:nil];
    navObj=[[UINavigationController alloc]initWithRootViewController:loginObj];
    [appDelegateObj.window setRootViewController:navObj];

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focuses on a serious problem by presenting meaningful solutions.
At a time when books about conservation often and understandably focus on challenges and failures, Beth Pratt-bergstrom's When Mountain Lions Are Neighbors, co-published by Heyday and National Wildlife Federation, beautifully captures a series of successes, all in California. By focusing on individual case studies, and often individual animals, the book turns these examples into effective narrative stories.
P-22, a young male mountain lion who made his home in Los Angeles's Griffith Park, became a social-media phenomenon. The public took an interest in protecting him, and researchers have tracked him since his arrival in the city, learning much about how mountain lions survive in urban areas. In the same way that this individual lion has educated Angelinos about his species, Prattbergstrom uses P-22 to discuss how the animals survive in one of America's largest cities.
Other chapters tell similar stories about wild animals living in some of California's most populated areas, and how their proximity has made people appreciate the native fauna. Prattbergstrom relates how harbor porpoises recently returned to San Francisco Bay, after an absence of more than six decades. Once plentiful in the Bay, porpoises left in the 1940s after the military mined the area and the waters became a regular dumping ground for sewage and industrial waste. Their surprise return in the twenty-first century demonstrates that environmental cleanup and habitat restoration can still work.
Pratt-bergstrom also describes how Yosemite National Park has improved its approach to its bear population. Where once animals were regularly killed for encroaching on human areas, a problem caused by the availability of food there, today visitor education and "bear proofing" efforts have taught the animals to be wild again. Other examples of successful coexistence include the family of foxes that made its home on Facebook's Silicon Valley campus, and the return of wolves to the state for the first time in ninety years.
Along with these stories, Pratt-bergstrom includes more than a dozen short stories of individual conservationists who've made a difference for a particular species, and includes an excellent resources section with ways to get involved. When Mountain Lions Are Neighbors focuses on a serious problem by presenting meaningful solutions, and is as enjoyable to read as it is informative.


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'Big Mouth' Season 2's Most Heartbreaking Scene Actually Has A Really Good Joke
By Jack O'Keeffe
There's a lot of truth buried beneath Big Mouth's body hair and grotesque fluids. The show's first season was hailed for its frank yet funny depictions of daily adolescent traumas, and its second continues the streak. But while many TV comedies tend to put aside their humor when broaching more serious plot points, Big Mouth Season 2 proves that, even in its darkest moments, it can still laugh through the pain. Spoilers ahead for Season 2 of Big Mouth.
Throughout the entirety of Season 2, Jessi struggles with her parents' separation, lashing out at those around her and stealing makeup from convenience stores. But several emotional outbursts later, Episode 6 brings things to a somber head. While rooting around in her father's room in search of a CD to listen to, Jessi stumbles across some weed gummies, and, like many a teenager before her, decides to pocket them and share with Nick. After enjoying a day of drug-fueled antics, however, she arrives home to be confronted with the consequences of her mistakes.
Jessi's dad spends much of the first few episodes trying to repair his relationship with her mother, but leaving drugs out for their young daughter to find doesn't exactly inspire confidence. So, after he confesses that the drugs Jessi took were his, Jessi's mom kicks him out of the house. As he packs up his things and leaves, Jessi watches tearfully from her bed. The Shame Wizard — a new character whose sole purpose is to guilt-trip the show's teens — sits next to her, hounding her for what she did.
Netflix on YouTube
"Was it worth it, Jessi? Just to get 'hella faded?'" he sneers. "Your sweet, sad father thought he was going to win your mother back. Do you think that'll happen, now? ... It appears those 'good ol' days' are gone forever."
A defeated Jessi responds, her frail self-esteem shattered: "I never should've been born." It's the most emotionally wrought moment on Big Mouth thus far, but within seconds, the show cuts the tension.
"Also, you should've been more aggressive volunteering for Hilary Clinton. If you'd made a few more phone calls...who knows?" the Shame Monster piles on.
This choice contrasts with many of Big Mouth's contemporaries. Comedies like GLOW and Bojack Horseman by and large rely on punchlines, but drop them when they want to magnify any deeper emotional moments. There's not a single gag to be found when Bojack's titular horse grossly preys on his buddy's underage daughter, or deals with the grief of a friend's overdose he was responsible for. Instead, Big Mouth diffuses its sadness with humor, suggesting that pain does not impede our ability to laugh. And moreover, that those feelings can and often co-exist.
While another show may have left Jessi crying on the bed, ending with an emotional wallop, the final joke is intended to add some light into the darkness. The issues Big Mouth covers may seem low-stakes — masturbation, unrequited crushes — but for its characters, these experiences are formative, and for its audience, they're familiar.
When talking to Bustle about Season 1, series creator Nick Kroll said that their goal was "first and foremost" to be funny, but also to make something that helped "people not feel alone." It's exactly these kinds of scenes that accomplish that. Whereas on shows like GLOW and Bojack trauma exists only in contrast to humor, on Big Mouth, it is the humor, mirroring how fluid and conflicting emotion can sometimes be. And ultimately, that's what makes audiences feel less alone.


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Home Contract Law Tender and its Requisites
Tender and its Requisites
Anjali Dhingra
Image Source: https://bit.ly/2NhpsDe
This article is written by Sri Vaishnavi.M.N., a first-year student of Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University, Vishakapatanam. In this article, she discusses tender and the requisites of a valid tender.
A tender is an offer. It is something that invites and intends to invite, acceptance. Sometimes, in the case of large contracts, a list is prepared, tabulated and the names of all contractors who have tendered are displayed; and in front of each name, it indicates the total price offered and also the observations made by the contractor or a particular condition that the contractor wishes to regulate its execution of the work.
An estimate is a valuation or statement, in advance, of the amount for which a certain job will be performed or can be performed. An estimate may or may not amount to an offer or offer to do the job for that price. Whether an estimate is an offer or not is a matter of fact, and an offer is an offer because it is described as an "estimate".
The offer made is an offer to meet a condition or obligation together with the current capacity of immediate execution, so if it were not for the refusal of cooperation of the party to which the offer is made, the condition or obligation would be met immediately.
As the condition or obligation in question may require compliance, be it payment or transfer of ownership, the offer may be related to money or property. In the strict sense of the word, there can be no offer, no service or other performance that requires time. The offer of an unfinished amount of money is also, in the strict sense, impossible to perform.
The issuance of the bidding forms is an invitation to make an offer, and as the offer must be acceptable, must be in the lines provided by the buyer, it is necessary to ensure that the invitation to tender includes all the necessary information and the form Bidding.
It is written in such a way that the conditions of the contract and other documents are incorporated effectively. If it is intended that there be a "formal" contract, whether or not it is sealed, it must be indicated in the invitation. In addition, copies of the contract conditions and the proposed agreement must be submitted with the bid form (along with the specification, drawings, etc.), or at least be available for inspection.
When the offers are received, they must be examined carefully to see if they comply with the terms of the invitation. A well-written bidding form and the use of standard contract conditions will go a long way towards ensuring this. Any alteration of the terms by the tender must be considered with a view, first, to see if they are acceptable and, secondly, to investigate what effect, if any, is likely to have, in the law, on the Contract conditions.
Requisites of valid tender
A tender is an offer. It is something that you invited and communicated to notify acceptance. In general terms, the following are the requirements of a valid offer:
It must be unconditional.
It must be done in the right place.
They must conform to the terms of the obligation.
It must be done at the right time.
It must be done in the proper way.
The person making the bid must be able and willing to fulfil their obligation.
There must be a reasonable opportunity for inspection.
The tender must be made to the right person.
It must be of the total amount.
The above-mentioned points are discussed in detail below:
It must be unconditional
It is the essence of a valid offer that it must be unconditional. If the offer is accompanied by a condition that prevents it from being perfect or complete in itself, it cannot be considered as an equivalent payment and the promisee is not obliged to accept it and in a Lahore case, the plaintiff sent a single check for two items, only one of which was due at that time and the other was not due for a few years. He argued that the check that is one and indivisible can be accepted as a whole or not at all. It is clear, therefore, that for this reason, the bidding was not unconditional and the defendants had the right to reject it.
But an offer of money is not tainted simply by asking for a receipt. Neither a tender made under protest is bad in law. An offer is not conditioned by the mere fact that the debtor specifies the account in which the money is paid. A check until the cash is not a good offer in the absence of an agreement to that effect.
One of the requirements of a valid offer is that the party making the offer must always be ready to fulfil the obligation when requested; or, in other words, an offer to be valid must be maintained in good condition, in accordance with the requirements of law.
In the case of Steel engineering works Agrico (M / s.), Bishramur v. Southeast field ltd.., clause 23(a)(V) of the N.IT. clearly states that the Joint Venture Agreements (JV Agreements) must meet the requirements contained in subclauses (i) to (x) of clause 23(a)(V) of the respondents in the previous clause that the Joint Venture Agreement, which is presented together with the technical offer, must legally bind all the partners and, individually, for the purposes of the proposed agreement. It should establish principles for constitution/operation/ responsibilities with respect to work and financial agreements, participation (percentage in total) and joint and several responsibilities with respect to each and every one of the firms in the Joint Venture, while.
Clause 8 of the joint venture agreement submitted by the petitioner states responds to the previous clause "that the Joint Venture Agreement binds the parties jointly and severally to the proposed agreement, which must establish the principles of the constitution, operation, responsibilities with respect to work and "Participation in financial agreements and responsibilities (only for the first part), with respect to each and every one of the companies in the joint venture."
Given that the liabilities were declared as property of the first part, only the JV Agreement was not found correct and the previous decision was made The difference between the requirement of "joint and several liabilities" and the "first-party liability" are two different things and no substitute can be presumed to the other, if the requirement of the NIT was the agreement that bound all the parties jointly and separately, the declaration of the res The ability to be owned by a single party, therefore, would not meet the bidding requirement.
The bidding authority is required first to decide who are the people who satisfy the essential mandatory conditions that are the criteria of rotation and the criteria of experience and then only perform the evaluation of offers with reference to other parameters. In this case, it was not done.
Although the bidding committee treated the rotation criteria as one of the three mandatory conditions, the experience criteria were treated as "other qualification conditions". This in itself amounts to a bad direction in the law. It is not denied before the Superior Court that of the eight tenders received, one of the tenderers meets the prerequisites for eligibility under general conditions, that is, the experience in the management of canteens in the state and government establishments of Bhavans.
The entire exercise, therefore, suffers from this incurable defect in the decision-making process. There is no doubt that the petitioner in itself does not satisfy this condition, but the petitioner, the second respondent, and others were offered a relaxation of this condition and also with respect to a special condition that is only a "desirable" criterion.
The notice published in the newspapers never indicated that the government would grant the relaxation of the general and special conditions. If only such a condition were reported, there would have been better people/organizations with better qualifications who could have submitted an offer for the contract.
In Ramana Dayaram Shetty c. Authority of International Airports, the Supreme Court considered such aspect of the matter and, although it did not grant any relief to the appellant and did not invalidate the contract granted to the fourth respondent, nevertheless, it found fault in the procedure adopted the bidding authority. For the same reasons, the Superior Court could not approve the method adopted by the first respondent or the bid committee to grant a relaxation of the prior eligibility condition that all bidders must meet.
It must be made at the proper place
The tender must be made in the place stipulated in the compliance contract, or if a provision is not made, then in the place determined by law. There are special rules regarding negotiable paper, with respect to the transfer of personal property, and with respect to the payment of rent by a real estate tenant, but apart from these special rules, the general principle of customary law is that the debtor must search for the creditor and make offers wherever it is found, and even without reference to this principle, the place of residence of the creditor at the time the contract was made will often be considered by a just implication of fact, the place of contract.
In bilateral contracts, each party is both a debtor and a creditor, and when the return is due at the same time from each one, it follows that any of the parties wishing to put the other in default must seek to do so. an offer, unless the contract, custom or the rule of law prescribes a place where both actions are performed.
It must conform to the terms of the obligation
The offer must conform to the terms of the obligation. The offer must be made in a complete and early manner exactly how the promisor has accepted. The matter can be initiated by Karsale (Harrow) Ltd v. Wallis, where the defendant inspected a Buick car that subsequently wanted to sell and found that it was in excellent condition. Subsequently, the defendant signed a contract of purchase and contracting with respect to C.
The agreement contained an exception clause that included the following terms:
There is no condition or guarantee that the vehicle is fit to move or in terms of its age, condition or suitability for any purpose.
The owner in this document stated that after the date of the agreement, the car was left at night outside the premises of the defendant and in the inspection by the defendant the next morning it was found that he was in a deplorable condition and capable of self-propulsion.
It was held that the car delivered was not the contracted object. Denning, L.J, said the lender should know, in the ordinary course of business, that the lessee is based on the faith of his inspection and on the understanding that the car will be delivered substantially under the same conditions: and it is an implied term of the contract that is pending delivery the automobile will be kept in the proper order and will be repaired for the purpose of the rescue … exemption clauses of this type, no matter how widely they are expressed, only make use of the part when he is carrying out his contract in all essential aspects.
You are not allowed to use them as a cover for misconduct or indifference or to allow you to turn a blind eye to your obligations. They do not take advantage of it when they are guilty of an infraction that goes to the root of the contract. Sometimes it is said that the principle is that the party cannot depend on an exemption clause when it delivers something different in its contracted class or has broken a 'fundamental term' or a fundamental contractual obligation.
It can be affirmed that the offer must be of the totality of the debt, the quantity of the merchandise to be supplied, neither more nor less, and in accordance with the contracted specification. Although the amount owed is uncertain or the disputed payment of any amount agreed between the parties is a satisfaction of the liability.
When a settled amount is owed, the payment of a lesser amount cannot be like the satisfaction of the whole debt, unless there is a consideration the waiver of the balance or the circumstances are such that the creditor cannot take advantage of the absence of consideration.
However, bidding made as a basis for a concurrent right of exchange of the party to which the bidding is made may be conditioned to the execution by the letter of its obligation. But an offer of the fulfilment of an absolute obligation must be unconditional since the obligation in itself is conditional. The offer cannot be effective if its acceptance would harm the rights of the promise.
However, a promoter may, by making an absolute offer, protest that the performance claimed by the promise and that granted by him is excessive and indicates that his performance offer is not voluntary and, therefore, reserves the right to recover for your excessive performance.
It must be made at a proper time
The tender must be made in a timely manner. Therefore, it has been argued that an offer of debt before the due date is not an impediment and will not prevent interest from accruing on the debt.
In the present case, it is not disputed that, once the sealed bids were opened, it was determined that the fifth respondent was the selected bidder, and only after that, the petitioner approached the court in writing with this petition.
Just because there was a violation of the schedule mentioned in the notification notice, the appellate court should not interfere in the matter, when the petitioner has not demonstrated that for the violation in question, he suffered actual harm in any way.
It must be made in the proper form
To be valid, the tender must be in the proper form. The payment must be offered in what is called "legal tender", in the currency of the country or in the currency of the tickets. An insured coverage cannot be legally offered by him treated as legal tender. I have tried it as legal tender. By offering to verify or offer any item of value, even if that item has a value greater than that of the debt, the debtor cannot claim to have offered to pay the debt. The creditor was not required to accept the insured's coverage simply because he was insured for a sum greater than the debt.
A mortgage to ensure a given number of wealth marks is a mortgage to secure reimbursement of what may be a legal tender currency for reimbursement in the country where Reichsmark circulates.
The debtor must not request a change but must have the exact amount owed, unless he is willing to leave the surplus with the creditor. When the offer made by the tenant does not correspond to the total amount owed and the name of the sender is not disclosed. the offer is adequate an offer by means of a check or a voucher is not required unless the other party accepts it or has requested payment by check. In general, the payment of the money by check or voucher does not have to be a valid offer and it can be received subject to be subsequently honoured by the bank or the treasury.
But when the coupon was charged, but because of the error in the endorsement due to the lack of attention by the plaintiff (the creditor), it has been accepted by the creditor and presented to the treasury.
He argued that there was a legal course. When a check was delivered but returned due to insufficiency, and then it was determined that the amount of the street was deemed to be good. The defendants were the creditors of a company in Mauritius and, to pay certain creditors of Mauritius, including the plaintiffs, the defendants sent hawalas that were a form of sinking, to eight of their creditors in Mauritius and, at the same time, They sent a letter to the company informing them that these hawalas have been sent to meet with them in the presentation.
But the creditor for his pains or for his own reasons did not present it for payment until the person to whom the hawala was delivered became insolvent. It was argued that the hawala operated as the satisfaction of the debt and that the creditor should be treated as if he had had the hawala in satisfaction of the debt and could not be allowed to recover the amount through a lawsuit."
A mere publication offers to pay the amount owed or to execute a document is not valid for a performance offer. In the same way, an offer made by a promisor through his lawyer to pay a debt with interest due has been maintained with a valid offer. When it was not urged that the beneficiary accept to accept the payment to the third party as equivalent to the payment to himself, it was that there was no type of suitable offer.
In fact, the sworn statement with the tender is an affidavit printed in format (Format 2-8), in which the bidder must mention that it is not included in the blacklist by any government/organization/ semi-governmental corporation of any state and/or disabled by the Punjab PWD department (B and R). There is no other format of the affidavit in terms of Clause 4.5 of General Conditions that have been invoked by the petitioner.
If the affidavit had been drafted and the defendants No. 5 had been suppressed or avoided to disclose the information required in the affidavit, it could certainly have been a suppression case and suggest to be false, but since the department did not respond to that requirement, 5 was not required to provide the information mentioned by the petitioner in the written request.
Therefore, it cannot be said that the defendant has made a misleading or false representation in the forms presented by him. In addition, it is not clear in Clause 4.5 of the General Conditions if the breach is related to the department in question or could be with respect to any other Department / Semi-governmental Organization or the State.
Ability and willingness
Another essential requirement of a valid offer is that it must be done in such circumstances so that the person to whom it is made can have a reasonable opportunity to make sure that the person by whom it is done can and is willing to do so and there is the whole. of what he is bound by his promise to do. An offer made by a promisor through his attorney to pay a debt with interest due on the date of the offer does not by itself provide a reasonable opportunity to promise to verify that the promisor can and is willing to fulfil its promise. Where it happens that the promisor and the fiancé live on the same street is not a circumstance that can take the case to the scope of that section promise.
The promoter cannot reasonably expect the fiancé to attend the residence or the promoter's place of business in order to ensure that the promoter can and is willing to carry out the offer he has made. The debtor is not obliged to take the risk of offering a payment to a person whose right to receive the debt may be non-existent. If you take a risk, it is difficult to understand why the offer you make should not be subject to the same conditions that you would have had to meet if you had made the original promise.
However, ready and willing to pay a party may have been a tender in the law, unless there is, after the offer outside the Court the unconditional deposit in the Court of the money owed. In the present case, it is evident that the petitioner's offer, although it was the highest and that was also called to negotiate by the RFC, finally, it never culminated in the final acceptance since the offer of the petitioner was conditional and did not accept the terms and conditions. On the contrary, the bidding notice in its entirety, despite being the highest bidder, established its own terms and conditions that were within the competence, power, and option of the respondent-RFC to accept or reject it .
Therefore, it must be inferred that no contract has been created between the defendant and the petitioner, since the petitioner limited himself to making an offer and that was conditional in response to the defendant's RFC tender notice and the terms and conditions established by the petitioner had not been accepted in full by the RPC since a letter of acceptance of their offer had not been issued.
When the creditor has died and the executors of the deceased have not obtained a succession, an offer by letter to pay the debt owed to the executors, in the event that the appropriate release is executed, a valid offer will be made as long as the debtor has been able to pay the debt. Debt and had money available for that purpose. The actual production of money is not necessary in such a case since there is no one with the right to receive payment in the law.
In a later case, the High Court of Calcutta has now established that whenever a creditor dies, the debtor is in an unfortunate position, he must take the risk of submitting an offer to a person who is now entitled to receive the debt, and The subsequent claim by the executor or administrator of the deceased creditors or he must wait until someone obtains the letters of testamentary administration and incur the responsibility of paying additional interest in the meantime.
Regarding the need for strict compliance with the conditions that entitle a party to a relief of the repurchase production of a transaction, it was held that strict compliance would be deducted by the claimant from the amounts of consideration, but the conduct to be the creditor can be equivalent to a dispensation With the literal complaint of them, a notice is sent to him so that he does not send more products. similarly, in the case of a future share delivery contract, if the buyer before the expiration date notifies the seller that he will not accept the shares, the latter need not show that he was ready and willing to deliver the shares.
A reasonable opportunity for inspection
The seller is obliged to ask the buyer for a reasonable opportunity to examine the goods in order to determine if they are in accordance with the contract. The interested party could not make an inspection of the goods that do not comply with the requirements of the law. However, there is no authority for the proposition that a buyer has the right to continue inspecting and examining until the expiration of the delivery period.
The law or thing that is offered is the thing that the promoter of the delivery. the law only requires that the fiancé has a reasonable opportunity to see what the promise of opportunity to fulfil is. The normal place of inspection is the place of delivery. The promisor has no obligation to prove the identity of the thing offered to promise satisfaction. The promoter does not have the obligation to take the delivery measures. The promisor is just giving him a chance.
Tender must be to the proper person
An offer to be effective must be made to the right person. At first glance, it is the fiancé who can demand payment and deliver a valid receipt, even though he may have been hired for the benefit of others. In a previous Bombay case, 11 where the debtor was ready with the full amount, but the executors of the deceased creditor did not take steps to obtain the succession, in order to give a valid acceptance, it was held that there had been an adequate tender.
In a later case, the High Court of Calcutta expressed the view that a debtor must submit an offer to a legally constituted representative or risk submitting an offer to a person who is not entitled to receive the debt and a subsequent claim of the executor or administrator or wait until someone obtains the estate or management letters and incurs the responsibility to pay additional interest in the meantime.
According to the notice of the Supreme Court of Madras of the disposition and willingness to pay given to a person interested in the estate of a deceased, it is an adequate tender. In the case of joint promises, an offer for one of them is a good offer. The heirs of a single fiancé are, for the purpose of bidding, considered joint promises with the result that the bidding of one of them would meet the requirements of the law. If an offer is made to the heirs of a fiancé, it must be in the same conditions as those in which it could be made to the original fiancé.
Tender must be of the full amount
The offer must be of the total amount owed. An offer obstructed with the equipment that the money should be taken as an agreement is not valid.
A tender may be considered as an open contract whomsoever wishes to fulfil the obligations of the tender may enter into the contract directly or indirectly and get the royalty or payment for the same. Every tender is accompanied by a quoted value and the acceptor or the contractor may get paid over or under or exactly that quoted value upon fulfilling contractual conditions of the tender.
Even all the countries' money is called legal tender as the leader of the country or the national bank of the country promises to pay the bearer the indicated sum of money upon demand. All tenders are legally binding on both parties and can be enforced in a court of law. Tenders help the parties to execute long term contracts smoothly and soundly. Larger tenders may into sub tenders by the contractor or may consist of more than one contractor for the easier and faster execution of the tender.
Law of contract M.J. Aslam's.
The law of contracts and tenders T.S. Venkatesa Iyer.
Contract and specific relief Avtar Singh.
Law relating to contract act of 1872, and tenders Sanjiva row.
contract of tender
requisites of tender
tender contract
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Edmund Heller (21 de mayo de 1875, Freeport (Illinois) – 18 de julio de 1939, San Francisco, California) era un zoólogo estadounidense.

Heller asistió a la Universidad de Stanford en 1896 y terminó sus estudios de zoología con un  grado de Bachelor of Arts en 1901. De 1926 a 1928 fue curador de mamíferos en el Field Museum of Natural History en Chicago. Edmund Heller fue el director del zoológico de Washington Park Zoo en Milwaukee (1928 a 1935) y el Zoológico de San Francisco en San Francisco (de 1935 a 1939). Él fue también el presidente de la AZA de 1935 a 1939. A principios del siglo XX condujo a muchas expediciones a África y en 1914 escribió el libro Life-histories of African Game Animals en colaboración con Theodore Roosevelt.

Las especies que fueron nombradas en honor de Heller incluyen la serpiente de cascabel del Pacífico Sur ( Crotalus helleri ) , el Tordo Taita (Turdus helleri) , el Schizoeaca helleri y el cactus Opuntia helleri.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Edmund Heller biography by the AZA

Alumnado de la Universidad Stanford
Zoólogos de Estados Unidos del siglo XX

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Yesterday the weight of everything left to do was dragging me down.
Polishing, slicing, and dicing has put me in a sunnier mood. How about you?
Like a lot of families illness slowed us down and put my plan of action off track .
Not to worry , I just lowered "MY" expectations and changed tracks.
store bought cookie dough for sugar cookies.
The house is not perfect (far from it ) the gifts are not either.
sing Silent Night , Holy Night and all will be calm and very , very right .
to you your family .
Oh, I was a grumpy puss in the kitchen today while making the cherry delight, the sweet potatos, and the cranberry sauce. But, Hubby reminded me to lighten up and I did. I even made gingerbread pancakes shaped like snowmen for the kids. And I'm taking the lazy way out for dinner and just making some noddle soup from a packet.
The gifts are almost all wrapped. the food is mostly in hand. And the house is fairly picked up.
We even had two sets of neighbors deliver Christmas goodies to us today. My blessing are abundant and it looks like yours are too.


Our vast collection of toys and games makes finding their perfect present a breeze. With this year's most popular toys from V-Tech, Leapfrog, Lego, Sylvanian Families and much more. Put a smile on thier face with great gifts from the Next toy collection.


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The top of the bar is a fancy veneer on MDF. The bar is made out of Chinese Rubber Wood. This bar mirror provides great functionality and is sure to add a touch of class to any bar.


text:
Selkolla (literally 'seal-head') is a supernatural being in Icelandic folklore. She is described as a fair woman that is sometimes seen having the head of a seal. She is most prominently attested as an antagonist of Bishop Guðmundur Arason (1161–1237). Tales of Selkolla are noted for combining Christian ideas with concepts found in Scandinavian non-Christian traditions.

Medieval Sources

The main medieval source for stories about Selkolla is different versions of Guðmundar saga Arasonar, specifically versions B and D, where the episode is often now referred to as Selkollu þáttr ('the Selkolla episode').

Guðmundar saga version D

This summary is based on the D-version of Guðmundar saga.

The events of Selkollu þáttr take place in the Westfjords, beginning when a man and woman are taking a baby girl to be baptised. On the way, they indulge in an "immoral rest" beside a large stone, fittingly called Miklisteinn ('large stone') and "turn onto the alternative road of fornication". Once they have finished having sex, they return to the child, who they had set down, and find that it is now "black, dead, and hideous". The couple decide to leave the child behind and walk away, but as they do so they hear a cry. They return to the child and find that it is alive, but it is now so "terrifying that they dare neither touch it nor come near". They go to the farm to fetch more people, but when they return to the stone, the child has vanished.

It is then said that a certain woman is "newly arrived in the district, sometimes with an ordinary face but sometimes with a seal's head. This devil walked about as boldly by day as by night, for which reason this midday-devil was called Selkolla in the district".

What follows is an account of the assaults of this being at a farm which is never localised in any more detail. First, in the guise of the farmer's wife, she tries to entice him into having sex. When he realises what is actually going on, he tries to turn for home, but Selkolla bars his way, such that he gets home to the farm "tired and exhausted", and lies in bed "on account of that sickness, which the deceitful trick of the Devil had afflicted upon his virility. He could not have any thereafter, because the same unclean spirit seeks him day and night with enthusiasm". No-one wants to be near the farmer to provide him with any solace, "except for one diligent kinsman of his, who lies beside him until Selkolla overcomes him in the night and bursts out his eyes".

Guðmundr, who is wandering the Westfjords, is called in and asked to tackle the fiend. He decides to stay at the farm which Selkolla is afflicting, and once he has gone to bed for the night he sees that a woman "takes him by surprise" and tries to pull off his shoes, which his servants have forgotten to do. Guðmundur realises immediately who it is and drives Selkolla away with the words "far niðr, fjandi, ok gakk ei framarr!" ("go down, devil, and don't come back!"). The next day, Guðmundr and Selkolla  meet again and he drives her down once more, this time by setting up seven crosses.

So ends Guðmundr's dealings with Selkolla. She rears her head once more on board a ship which is on the way "over the flord, or bay" which separates the country's dioceses. But the crew have received the blessing of Guðmundr for the journey, and the blessing prevents Selkolla from harming them.

The episode ends with a 21-stanza account in skaldic verse by Einarr Gilsson, known as Selkolluvísur.

Guðmundar saga, version B

The story also appears in the B-version of Guðmundar saga, where the main difference is that some of the characters are named, and the text claims that Selkolla gave her name to the cliff Selkollu-Kleifar.

Íslendinga saga
Selkolla is briefly mentioned in Íslendinga saga:
Biskup ferr um sumarit yfir Vest-fjörðu; en um vetrinn var hann á Breiðabólstað í Steingrímsfirði með Bergþóri Jónssyni. Ok urðu þar margir hlutir, þeir er frásagnar væri verðir, ok jarteignum þótti gegna, þó þat sé eigi ritað í þessa bók; bæði þat er biskup átti við flagð þat, er þeir kölluðu Sel-kollu, ok mart annat.
The Bishop travels for the summer across the Westfjords; but during the winter he was in Breiðabólsstaður in Steingrímsfjörður with Bergþór Jónsson. And there many things happened which would be worth recounting, were thought to count as miracles, although they are not written in this book: both that the Bishop dealt with the ogress whom they called Selkolla, and much besides.

Modern folklore

Stories of Selkolla quite different from the medieval ones continued to circulate in the nineteenth century. By the twentieth century, however, stories told about Selkolla were being influenced by the medieval narrative, which had come into print and was becoming better known in Iceland.

Supposedly, the stone where the child who became Selkolla was laid is to be found not too far from Hólmavík, and features in tourism marketing in the area.

Analyses

The medieval story of Selkolla has been shown to share motifs with post-medieval Scandinavian folklore about changelings and ghosts or other hauntings by dead children, the skogsrå, and folklore about seals. Contrary to the claims in the B-version of Guðmundar saga, it is unlikely that she gave her name to the cliff Selkollukleifar ('Seal-head-cliffs'): rather the cliff was probably named after seals that were visible from it, and the story of Selkolla then invented to explain the name.

References

Creatures in Norse mythology
Corporeal undead
Circumpolar mythology
Icelandic folklore
Scandinavian legendary creatures
Female legendary creatures


After last night's episode of BB20, we kicked off the Big Brother 20 live feeds and got some interesting information out of the HGs! Prior to the feeds going live, we watched as the first HOH was crowned and they had to put two HGs up for eviction. So what has been going on in the house since the noms were set? Keep reading to find out!
We found out which of the HGs got the punishment from the BB App Store, we found out that the fidget spinner room has been converted to the Have-Not room and there are HNs in place. Keep reading to get all the details of what we found out on last night's live feeds right here!
Ladies and gents, it now feels like Big Brother 20 has officially started! We have live feeds and you have a live feeds recap! Last night the live feeds kicked off and we found out a lot of good information! So, here we go!
Feeds went live at exactly 10 pm BBT and the HGs were all wondering if they were live. There is an HOH crew which consists of Tyler, Faysal, Angie, Haleigh, and Bayleigh.
Faysal was the least trending on social media after our vote and got a punishment called "Hamazon." Every time there is an announcement that says "Hamazon Delivery" Faysal has to go to the DR, open the door and get a box that has been left outside it. The box literally has a plate of ham in it that he has to eat.
We got our first look at the HNs room which used to be the fidget spinner room. It now looks like a circuit board and there are hard, metal dishes inside for them to sleep on. The first look we got was while Winston and Brett were trying to make one of them comfortable enough to sleep on. It sounds like Brett, Winston, Kaitlyn, and Scottie are the HNs this week.
It looks like Tyler and Haleigh are getting pretty cozy together and Bayleigh and Chris were making out in the HOH room.
There has been a lot of talking between the HGs on who they think got the power from the BB App Store this week. So far we only know that Faysal got the "Crap App" as they are calling it.
The HGs were given alcohol last night and the HNs were not allowed to have any. Faysal got a little too drunk and got sick.
It seems like the house is pretty evenly divided. If the noms stay the same it really could be either of them going home. JC was trying to convince Tyler that if they do stay the same, they need to get Steve out first to make sure the alliances are even. They are all anxiously awaiting the POV comp and if one of the noms should win it sounds like Bayleigh would be the number one renom option because of her attachment to Chris.
Not much going on other than them trying to figure out who has the power this week and trying to figure out which of the current noms is a the target. We will have to wait and see what happens with the POV. No word on when that's going to happen. It would usually happen tomorrow, but the week one schedule is a little funky. I will keep you posted!


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The Australia We Want, First Report. October 2016
The Australia We Want, First Report provides the first ever benchmark of how Australia, and each State and Territory, is performing against values prioritised by leaders in the charities and not-for-proft sector. Released on 27 October at the National Press Club, with CCA Chair, Rev Tim Costello asking us all to accept the challenge to Achieve the Australia We Want.
A MESSAGE FROM CCA CHAIR, REV TIM COSTELLO
Is the Australia of today and the future we are creating, the Australia we want?
The Australia We Want, First Report asks us all to answer this question, and to act on the answers we draw from its data and findings.
The Community Council for Australia and charity leaders from across the sector began this work at a roundtable in 2015. We were determined that debates about Australia's future move beyond a discussion of the type of economy to be achieved, and to talk fundamentally about the society we want to live in. Australians are more than individual tax paying economic units. Our productivity, innovation, skills and achievements are actually grounded in flourishing communities within our schools, workplaces, families and local neighbourhoods.
The Australia We Want is the first ever benchmark of how Australia and each State and Territory is performing against values and goals prioritised by leaders from across the charities sector. These values include: just, fair, safe, inclusive, equality of opportunity, united, authentic, creative, confident, courageous, optimistic, generous, kind, and compassionate. Drawing on key statistics from the OECD, ABS and the AIHW, to evaluate these values, the report reveals that:
Australian incarceration rates are high - 3 times that of Ireland and rising (how just are we?)
Australian suicide rates are higher than our road toll and increasing (how inclusive are we?)
Inequality in income distribution is higher than most other OECD countries - and growing (how fair are we?)
Australians volunteer less and give less as a percentage of income than five years ago (how kind and generous are we?)
Australia is slipping down both the international corruption scale and the scale of international generosity (how authentic and compassionate are we?)
The values and indicators outlined in this report provide a framework for exploring, debating and evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats inherent in the way all of us act - charities, businesses, governments, communities.
I hope that you will join me in a movement for change, and use this information in your work and your sphere of influence to help create a better Australia. We can all do more to achieve the Australia we want.
Please also stay in touch with CCA's work. Our next step is to bring together sector leaders in AusWeWant roundtables later this year and next year. If you would like to know details as these are scheduled, please contact CEO, David Crosbie and the team at CCA: info@communitycouncil.com.au
Rev Tim Costello
CCA acknowledges the generous support of Equity Trustees and the Centre for Social Impact in this project.
CCA-AusWeWant-web.pdf


Rock the reels with Swedish power metal band Sabaton and Play 'N Go – with 5 reels and 10 paylines, this energetic title comes with metal stacks and mystery symbols, chained reels, last stand wild reels and free spins with stacked symbols, linked reels and mega symbols for huge wins.
Sabaton is a 5 reel, 10 payline slot from Play 'N Go which is based on a rock band. Available to play on all devices such as smartphones and tablets, you join lead singer Joakim to benefit from metal stacks and mystery symbols on each spin. With chained reels to showcase the same symbol on up to 3 reels, there's a Battalion Spins feature where you get free spins with 3 linked reels for huge rocking payouts.
Based on the legendary Swedish power metal band of the same name, you will see what appears to be a tank behind the reels – symbols include low value weapons such as grenades, swords, bullets and Roman helmets. You'll also see the members of the band which are the higher value symbols. The highest value rocker is worth 10 times your stake for 5 on a payline.
Joakim, the lead singer, is the wild symbol and replaces all symbols bar the scatter – 3, 4 or 5 symbols will give you 10, 15 or 100 times your stake respectively. You'll also benefit from the Metal Stacks and Mystery Symbols feature on the reels – 1 of them is chosen randomly on each spin as a stack of that symbol is added to the reels. When it comes to Mega Symbols, all band members can appear bigger for enhanced payouts.
The Chained Reels feature may trigger randomly on every spin – either 2 or 2 adjacent reels will display the same symbols for bigger wins. These take place on the 3 middle reels – i.e. reels 2, 3 and 4. There's also a Last Stand feature which is also randomly activated – 1 or 2 reels are chosen to give you wild reels.
Sabaton is all about the Battalion Spins feature – this is played when you get 9 Sabaton cross scatters on the reels. With 7 free spins awarded, a symbol is chosen randomly to become the Metal Stacks and Mystery Symbol for the whole feature. You can also retrigger the feature to give you 7 more free spins. Reels 2, 3 and 4 will always be linked and display the same symbols as Mega Symbols can land each free spin for bigger payouts.
Lastly, if you get between 3 and 8 scatters (not enough to trigger the Battalion Spins feature) in the base game, the Mystery Symbol feature is triggered which converts the scatters into a random symbol.
Highly volatile, Sabaton is all about the Metal Stacks and Mystery Symbols feature – this carries through to the Battalion Spins feature where the bigger wins will come from. If you're lucky, you could win 5,000 times your stake! If you like the rock theme, Play 'N Go's House of Doom is also worth trying.


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Although we had just stated that you should pay the most money for Medigap insurance, this is only reflective of contacting one particular health insurance provider. Your goal is to get multiple quotes from different companies and look at all of the rates collectively. You will see that there are policies that are virtually identical, but they could be several hundred dollars a month less then other policies that are the same. In this case, you will want to choose the Hallie, Kentucky Medigap policy that is the lowest price which will come from one particular insurance provider.
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