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'CURLEW' is a lovely semi fitted textured sweater with 3/4 sleeves, using Erika Knight's British Blue 100 yarn. The stitch design is made up of lace and cable panels. Please note that this design is knitted flat in pieces and I hope you will enjoy knitting and wearing this design.
PLEASE NOTE: You will receive an email with the link to download the PDF version of the pattern when the order is shipped.
The yarn can be purchased from Erika Knight stockists, see www.erikaknight.co.uk for details.


Murrayburn is a popular location with first time buyers and young families. Neighbouring areas include Sighthill, Wester Hailes and Kingsknowe. Stevenson College and the Sighthill campus of Napier University are both near at hand. The main Heriot-Watt University campus is a short distance away at Riccarton. Flatted developments make up the majority of properties in Murrayburn.
Westside Plaza is the main social and shopping hub of the area and there is a swimming pool at the Wester Hailes Education Centre. Education at primary and secondary levels is available locally.
Murrayburn is ideally placed for commuters with an excellent public transport service to the City Centre and swift access to Edinburgh City Bypass, Edinburgh International Airport and the M8/M9 motorway networks.


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The Declaration of Independence constitutes the proclamation to the world of a deliberate act justified by the mother country's refusal to accept as valid certain "self-evident truths" whose time had come for manifestation in the evolution of mankind. Because of what followed the Declaration and the colonists' victory in the War of Independence, it became clear that a step had to be taken if the new Federation of States allowed by England to function within defined boundaries was to become a viable, self-determined and self-maintaining political organism, a nation among nations.
The Articles of Confederation established a legal union of thirteen independent states and gave certain powers to the Congress of the Confederation. But this was government by states, not by "We, the people," and there was no central Executive. A further step in national integration remained to be taken.
Some astrologers have argued that the moment of New Hampshire's ratification should be considered the moment of birth of the constitutional government which has ever since controlled the development of "these United States." There is some validity in this opinion, but the fact remains that while the Constitution was accepted in principle on June 21, 1788 (Summer Solstice), it was not declared officially in effect until Wednesday, March 4, 1789, at 0 hours and 1 minute A.M. in New York City.(3) March 4 was. the day on which the first session of the newly elected Congress was held, officially beginning the Federal Government of the United States. On April 30, George Washington, who had been chosen unanimously by the electors, took office as President.
However, not enough delegates were present for that first session of Congress to constitute a legal quorum, so some astrologers have preferred to use the date of President Washington's inauguration to mark the actual beginning of the Federal Government. According to Thomas Hague, though legally scheduled to occur at noon on April 30, Washington actually took his oath of office at 1:20 P.M. This time gives early Virgo rising and Gemini 1° at the Mid Heaven. The Sun and Venus are in the ninth House and the Moon is coming to a conjunction with Jupiter in the eleventh House.


I was very interested to see that a recent blog "Church, liturgical worship a new/old paradigm" was one of the most popular of my blogs. It seems to me that there is a feeling among believers that contemporary worship is not meeting the need for spiritual sustenance. For probably the last fifty years there has been a movement to center worship on the worshipper and not on the One to be worshiped. I had one much older lady who had been raised in a much more "charismatic" church and then in a very liberal church. (That would be enough to confuse anyone), who demanded to know why I had my back to the audience so much, her words. The answer is that as the pastor I am there to represent the congregation to God while we focus on Him, not, as I've said some celebrity pastor in a $600 suit or worse yet, some "regular kind of guy" in torn blue jeans and a t-shirt.
In an effort to continue to reach out and inform and lead, I will give an outline of what liturgical worship consists of. To accomplish that I shamelessly stole this out of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod's web site. Call me crazy, but it seems that there is more and more interest in serious worship. I think that a lot of people are realizing that they are not getting the spiritual nourishment they need, that worship that is focused on the Lord, that is centered on the life of Jesus, what Jesus taught and what He did for us is a vital need that has been lacking in Christianity. I've been to Christian worship that hardly mentioned Jesus, never mentioned sin, never mentioned atonement and sacrifice because that would imply sin and since atonement implies forgiveness… Worship that was far more focused on being happy and content in the world and never mentioned anything about the promise of eternity in the resurrection in Jesus. Liturgical worship is designed to take the faithful through all these things. The rap has always been "boring". I can understand if you are sitting through something that you have little idea of what it's about or what it intends to accomplish. The more familiar you are with the liturgy, the more you will see a reason to be in liturgical worship and understand what you are going back into the world with.
The church was established by Jesus. The church was given the sacraments, the keys to heaven and hell and will be lifted up to meet Christ in His return to be His bride in the resurrection. Having said all that, why would our worship be more like entertainment and trying to tell us how to live in the world? We get entertained all week long, television, computers, ipods, smart phones, movies, theatre, radio … We are the most entertained people in the history of the world. And more and more we have become the most detached, the most disillusioned, without hope and realizing there is no promise in all of our things, and our amusements. The only hope in the world is in Christ and in our heart, our soul, we know that we are starving for spiritual sustenance and are becoming more and more feeble. We know in our soul that we have lived separated from God, separated by our sin and we need to hear that we are forgiven, that we go back into the world as a redeemed, justified and sanctified in Christ. We need the time honored liturgy in order for us to come before the Lord, and receive the gifts that He gives through worship in order for us to be sustained and mature in Christ in order to go and confront a hostile and corrupt world for the next week.
The following is from the Lutheran website and gives a good overview of what the liturgy brings to us. Please feel free to send me questions, comments, problems. I would really like to discuss how this will help you to grow and become a better disciple of Christ.
"In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit." How many times have we heard those words? And yet, they testify with renewed freshness to our identity as children of God who've been baptized into the death and resurrection of Jesus. Wouldn't it be something if God's faithful would remember that every time they heard the words of the Invocation, perhaps tracing the sign of the cross as a visible reminder?
St. Paul beautifully captures the eternal significance of our baptism into Christ when he writes to the Galatians that "as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ" (Gal. 3:27). We are clothed with his righteousness. Unlike the man in the parable of the wedding feast who had no wedding garment, when we stand before our Judge on the Last Day, we will be clothed and covered, robed in the purity of Christ.
"In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit." Already now, in this heaven on earth we call worship, we stand with boldness before the triune God who has claimed us and named us..
We can indeed approach God with confidence. And yet, because we stand on this side of our Lord's final return, we still have with us the devil, the world, and our sinful flesh. We have not yet faced the final judgment. And so, with sin still working in us, the condemnation of God's Law must still confront us, lest we have any delusions that we might have something to boast of before our mighty Judge.
There are three basic ways to handle sin and guilt. One is to ignore or minimize them. We've all been tempted in that direction more than a few times. Isn't that, after all, what our sinful human nature is all about? Another way is to institutionalize them, especially the guilt part. After all, if you can keep people feeling just guilty enough, you will keep them coming back for more.
The third way is to give sin and guilt their proper due, and then to silence them. That is the way of God's absolution. With his forgiveness, our sin is removed from us as far as the east is from the west. Christians know that, but they also need to hear it often. We need to be reminded that those familiar words, "I forgive you all your sins," are not just some impersonal announcement. They say what they mean and accomplish what they promise. Jesus himself said to his disciples that the sins they forgive are forgiven (John 20:23).
The last and greatest absolution that will ever be spoken to us will be at the last judgment. In the final pages of the Chronicles of Narnia, C.S. Lewis provides a marvelous description of this event. As each individual comes before Aslan–the lion who is Lewis' figure for Christ–one of two things happens: either the person gazes directly into Aslan's face and recognizes his forgiving countenance, or, upon seeing the lion's stern demeanor, passes into his long shadow, forever to be separated from Christ.
In the Confession and Absolution we are being readied for our appearance before Christ on the Last Day. And hidden behind those comforting words that our sins are forgiven is the invitation, "Come, you who are blessed by my father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world" (Mt. 25:34). When our Lord speaks those words to us at the Last Day, Confession and Absolution as we know it will cease, for we will then bask in the eternal absolution of the Lamb.
In this world of sin and death, Christians have plenty of opportunities to join in the brief, yet all-encompassing prayer of the Kyrie: "Lord, have mercy." All around us we see the results of hatred, envy, lust, and greed. Surely, the world is in need of God's mercy. It's no wonder that the church, in her worship, pleads before God on behalf of the whole world. It's a prayer that no one else is going pray.
Yet, when we cry out, "Lord, have mercy," there is confidence in our voices because we know that God is indeed merciful. He desires to bring relief to the suffering that is all around us. Our prayer may not always bring an immediate response–at least, not the response that we are seeking–but even then, we commend ourselves and the whole world to a merciful God.
Like the confession of sins, however, our cry for mercy will be silenced in heaven. There we will see the results of God's mercy, as before the throne and in front of the Lamb will stand all the redeemed–not one of them worthy of the honor.
On the night of Jesus' birth, the angels let loose their earth-shattering song of praise: "Glory be to God on high, and on earth peace, goodwill toward men." On that specific occasion, their praise gave utterance to the good news that the Son of God had come in the flesh. Heaven had come down to earth! And ever since, the Church has continued to rejoice in this miracle of our salvation.
The opening words of the Gloria in Excelsis are followed by a hymn of praise to the triune God. One can imagine the faithful singing these words in heaven: "We praise you, we bless you, we worship you, we glorify you, we give you thanks for your great glory." Our focus is on the incarnate Son of God, the only-begotten Son, the Lamb of God, and only Son of the Father. And if that isn't enough to name this One who is the object of our worship and praise, twice we sing, "you take away the sin of the world." There it is, the heart and substance of the Christian faith. In heaven we will be gathered around the throne and the Lamb, confessing that he alone is holy, he alone is the Lord.
Frequently we conclude the reading of Holy Scripture with the phrase, "This is the Word of the Lord!" More than just a "word" from God, this is his revelation in which he makes known to us his will, most specifically, his merciful will that desires our salvation. Ultimately, this word points us to the Word, the incarnate Son of God. He is God's final and full revelation to us, the mirror of the Father's heart. That is the point that the writer to the Hebrews makes in the opening verses of his epistle: "In many and various ways God spoke to his people of old by the prophets, but now in these last days, he has spoken to us by his Son" (Heb. 1:1-2a). Only through him–God's only Son–are we able to know the Father's favor and grace.
In the sermon, the Word of God is brought to bear on the lives of the hearers. This is the equivalent of sitting at the feet of Jesus. But it's more than mere instruction. Through the sermon, God speaks to us with his two-edged sword of condemnation and promise, Law and Gospel. The subject of the sermon is both God and us. Through the sermon we come to a better understanding of ourselves, especially our need for God's forgiveness. But we also come face to face with God's mercy and love. Week after week, God's faithful hear the voice of their Good Shepherd, preparing them, in a sense, for that final day when Jesus calls them to their eternal reward.
In the course of his earthly ministry, Jesus put this hard question to his disciples, "Who do you say that I am?" He wasn't asking for the opinions of the crowds. He wanted a confession of faith. In reality, this confession is no different than the confession of sins. In both, we acknowledge that what God has said is true. When we confess our sins, we acknowledge the truth that God speaks about us–that we are sinners. When we confess the faith of the church in the creed, our confession speaks about God–who he is and what he has done.
In every age, the same question is put to the church: who do you say that I am? As we open our mouths and begin, "I believe in God, the Father Almighty . . . ," we confess a profound truth that has passed over the lips of Christians in every generation. This confession of the triune God is the property of no single individual, but of the whole church, including the whole company of heaven. There are more than a few saints and martyrs who put their lives on the line as they defended the truths that we confess in the creeds. Think of Athanasius, that faithful fourth-century pastor and confessor, who was exiled numerous times for his defense of the truth against the false teachers of his day. Or Luther, who stood firm against the combined might of the Roman Church and the Holy Roman Empire. In our own day, there are faithful Christians who risk their lives–and sometimes die–to confess these truths.
"What shall I render to the Lord?" Truth is, we have nothing to render him. We brought nothing into this world, and we will take nothing with us when we depart. As Jesus so poignantly tells us, our treasures are already stored up for us in heaven (Matt. 6:19-21).
There is, however, an offering that we do make, both now in our worship and one day in heaven itself. It is the sacrifice of thanksgiving as we call on the name of the Lord (Ps. 116:17). In the Apology to the Augsburg Confession (Article 24), this eucharistic sacrifice is carefully distinguished from the propitiatory sacrifice of Christ. The sacrifice for sins belongs to him alone. Every time we try to grab that honor for ourselves, we come up short–very short. But when we recognize our rightful place–that we are on the receiving end of God's merciful goodness–then the sacrifice of thanksgiving cannot help but pour forth from our lips as we give our thanks to the One who gave everything for us.
If any part of the service has been recognized as providing a glimpse of heaven, it's the Sanctus: "Holy, holy, holy, Lord God of Sabaoth, heaven and earth are full of your glory." This is the eternal song of the angels who hover over the throne of God in the vision of heaven that was given to Isaiah (Is. 6:1-4). Such was the splendor of their song that the very foundations of the threshold of the temple trembled at the sound.
At first glance, these words appear to be out of place at this point in the service. Nevertheless, the reality is that there is nothing in this entire world that compares with the miracle of Jesus' bodily presence to feed his people. In this meal God is breaking into our world to give us life. No wonder our repeated cry is "Hosanna in the highest," for what is more needed in this dying world than the Lord's salvation?
The second half of the Sanctus contains a statement as bold as the first. Here we have our own little Palm Sunday. Just as the crowds cried out to Jesus as he entered Jerusalem, so do we declare, "Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord" (Mt. 21:9; Ps. 118:26). Heaven continues to break into our world as Jesus, our humble king, comes riding into our midst in the Lord's name. This confession in the Sanctus of Jesus' real presence is so significant that Luther proposed moving the Sanctus after the Words of Institution in order to highlight the reality of the words we sing.
Among many Christians, the words of Jesus that we often refer to as the Words of Institution are nothing more than an historical report: this is what Jesus did and what he said. Period. We have been blessed to know, however, that these words mean much more. They do what they say. According to the command of Christ, we celebrate the Lord's Supper not as a mere meal of remembrance but as a Sacrament by which Jesus himself comes to us. We don't transport ourselves back in time; rather, he comes to us and brings heaven down to earth for our benefit.
Turning again to the Revelation to St. John, at one point John sees a scroll in the right hand of the One who was sitting on the throne. A "strong angel" puts forth the challenge, "Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals?" Then, between the throne and the elders, the Lamb comes into view. Undoubtedly the most significant feature in John's description of this Lamb is that it is a lamb who appears to have been slain.
When we sing the Agnus Dei, "Lamb of God, you take away the sin of the world, have mercy on us," we are preaching and praying all at once. It was, after all, with these very words that John the Baptizer pointed his disciples to Jesus (John 1:29, 36). As we prepare to feast on the Lamb of our salvation, we do indeed proclaim him who gave his life for us. Here is the Lamb of God! Yet we also pray to him who is now present in his body and blood. We pray for mercy, mercy from the One who showed the true depths of mercy and compassion as he was silently led to slaughter, dying like a lamb shorn of all its honor.
So it is at every celebration of the Lord's Supper. The blood of the Lamb is poured out for our drinking and his flesh for our eating. Clearly, God's mercy is shown, and his peace rests on us.
Try for a moment to picture the heavenly throng standing before the throne of God on the Last Day. The numbers will be staggering. And yet, united as we all are to Christ, the Bridegroom, we will be one–his elect Bride. As the faithful make their way to the altar to feast on the Bread of Life in the distribution, they are given a glimpse of that holy Bride. Oh yes, we see all of her warts and blemishes: the petty bickering over trivial matters, the deep disagreements on more weighty issues, and the painful ways in which we sometimes treat one another. Yet, by our common confession of the truth, we are one in Christ. As Christ gives himself to us in this holy meal, he strengthens that unity and bids us love one another with a deep and abiding love. How can it be any other way, as we are sent from the table with the blessing to depart in peace?
Another Lutheran contribution to the church's liturgy is the use of the Nunc Dimittis as the post-communion canticle: "Lord, now let Your servant depart in peace." At first glance it appears that we're taking the words of Simeon completely out of context. After all, what does his experience have to do with ours? How can Holy Communion ever compare to Simeon's unique honor of holding the infant Jesus in his arms during the child's first visit to the temple at the tender age of 40 days (Lk 2:25-38)?
Of course, we would love to have been in the temple and shared in the experience with Simeon. For that matter, we would give anything to have been the first–along with the shepherds–to see the infant Jesus, or to have been with the Magi as they offered their gifts to him. But, as Luther so insightfully taught, we don't find Christ in those places. Through the events of his incarnation, birth, crucifixion, and resurrection our Lord has accomplished our salvation. But the benefits of his saving work–forgiveness, life, and salvation–are distributed to us through his means of grace, his Word and Sacraments. We can't go back to stand with Simeon in the temple. The good news is that we don't have to.
So when, following our reception of the Lord's Supper, we sing Simeon's ancient song of faith–"Lord, now let your servant depart in peace"–nothing could be more appropriate. Indeed, our eyes have seen his salvation. Better yet, we have tasted and seen that the Lord is good (Ps. 34:8). So, what could be better than holding the infant Jesus in our arms? How about eating and drinking his body and blood given for the forgiveness of our sins? This truly is heaven on earth, because here we have Jesus and all his benefits.
"The Lord bless you and keep you." Recall again the words of Jesus in the parable of the sheep and the goats: "Come, you who are blessed by my father, inherit the kingdom." The blessing that God speaks to us in the Benediction prepares us for that final summons. Throughout the Divine Service, God is forming us in his likeness as he establishes in us a deeper and more lasting faith toward him and a persistent and steadfast love for one another.
"The Lord make his face shine on you and be gracious to you." In their reports of Jesus' Transfiguration, the evangelists tell us that Jesus shone more brightly than the sun, prompting Peter to say, "Lord, it is good for us to be here." In heaven we will have the same response because it will be good–very good–to be in the presence of the Light of the world. For the moment, we see only dimly, but then we will see face to face. Still, it is good to be here even now, in this heaven on earth that we call worship, for already here God showers us with his grace.
"The Lord lift up his countenance on you and give you peace." We Christians are truly blessed in that God does not hide his face from us. In all other religions there is ultimately doubt as to their gods' attitudes toward them. How can it be otherwise, given that their gods are the creation of their own imaginations? But ours is the creator of heaven and earth. To be sure, he is a stern judge who holds the sinner accountable. But in the person of his only Son, we see our Father's true nature, his fatherly heart of love. That is the countenance that he lifts up toward us in his holy Word and Sacraments as he reveals his mercy and grace.
Where the Lord blesses and makes his face shine and lifts up his gracious countenance on us, there is peace. Not the peace of this world, but peace between God and his faithful people. We know that peace because even now, in Word and Sacraments, we have Jesus and all his benefits. And in heaven we will rest in his eternal peace.
These are the parts of the liturgy that comprise Lutheran worship, these are all taken from the Bible and help us to remember the Lord, what He did and what He still does in and through us. We worship with brothers and sisters in Christ, there to encourage, serve and uplift each other in order for us to grow and help others grow. It is not entertainment, it is a time of profound love, grace and receiving, from God who loves us and wants to be a constant presence in our lives, to guide us and guard us to eternal life in the resurrection.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on December 29, 2013 by Pastor Jim Driskell, Lutheran Church.


text:
Q: for loop i+1 in R I'm trying to iterate through a matrix called XY with 50 rows and 100 columns (divided into 50 pairs of X and Y values descending alongside each other) with a for loop:
for (i in 1:50){
  slope=atan(((XY[i+1,2]-XY[i,2])/(XY[i+1,1]-XY[i,1]))*100)
}

So as you can see on top XY[i+1,2]-XY[i,2]), I'm trying to take y the i-th value and subtract it from the next one and iterate through the entire list for each consecutive pair of descending values and then divide that by that by the corresponding x increments to get the slope and convert that into an angle using atan(()*100).
Unfortunately it keeps telling me that XY[i+1,2] is "out of bounds" and I'm pretty sure I have equal brackets on each side of the equation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Corporate strategies aimed at appropriating common goods were the subject of a series of conferences and debates with Dr. Vandana Shiva, held in Florence at the end of January 2018 and organized by Navdanya International in collaboration with local partners.
On 27 January, Vandana Shiva talked about "Responsibility and Environment", in the context of the event series "Sulla scia dei giorni" (In the Wake of Days) in the city's Teatro Niccolini, conceived and promoted by Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, under the auspices of the Region of Tuscany, the Municipality of Florence, the University of Florence, in collaboration with Teatro Niccolini and Fondazione File. She pointed out how everyone has a duty to take care of the Earth and its resources. "Making peace with the Earth" is the commitment we must make to implement the attendant ecological solutions, those of caring for the soil, seeds and biodiversity as the essential basis for solving most of the crises we are facing: environmental, food, health and climate change. Those who suffer and will suffer the most from the problems created by the current economic and agricultural/food models are the most vulnerable and the youth, who are becoming more and more aware of the fact that the tools for change are in their hands and that they can be at the forefront in stopping the current race to the destruction of the fragile balance of our ecosystem.
The following day, 28 January, Dr. Shiva gave a Lectio magistralis on "Earth Democracy" at the Odeon Cinema, organised in collaboration with Cinema Odeon Firenze, Le Piagge editions, Terra Nuova and LEF Libreria Editrice Fiorentina.
Vandana Shiva underlined the schism between politics, which should be in the interests of citizens, and the present economic unsustainable and exploitative model. In the Global South, this model has been promoted with terms such as "structural adjustment" and "free trade", while in Europe the term "austerity" has been used. It is a model which undermines the power of the people, leaving citizens increasingly impotent, unable to protect their land and livelihoods. It is a system that creates economic insecurity and uses the "fear" of the "other" as a means to ensure electoral success.
Dr. Shiva invited people to say no to the dominant political system and the current economic model and to join and act together to create a system of circular economies, where organic and ecological agriculture becomes the foundation for the regeneration of soil, biodiversity and human dignity.
On 30 January, a meeting titled "Profits of corporations are poisoning food, Earth, the Planet. What is the alternative?" was held in the atrium of Palazzo Budini Gattai, and organized in collaboration with perUnaltracittà and Spazio Inkiostro. Among the issues discussed, specific focus was given to the impact of globalization, which has progressively reduced the commons, including seeds and food, into commodities at the mercy of market fluctuations. The essential role of large corporations in this process was highlighted and the consequences that impact directly the lives of people and farmers and the environment. Over the last decades, this economic system has enabled a handful of billionaires and the corporations they control to interfere in national laws which protect the right to health and a healthy environment, to dismantle the dignity of work, and to obstruct long-held democratic processes. Vandana Shiva recalled how in 1999 the movements in Seattle were able to stop the World Trade Organization's agenda and programme, and at the same time how corporations continue to implement new tricks and strategies, such as free trade agreements and creating increasingly large monopolies as a result of corporate mega-mergers. Their aim to they take control of natural resources, food and agriculture systems and invade national markets with imported products that destroy the fabric of local economies.
Among the rules "written by corporations" and imposed by WTO, Dr. Shiva emphasized those rules related to intellectual property rights, which have allowed patents on life, and favored hugely the expansion of chemical and seed industries in the field of genetic engineering, producing an exponential increase in these markets and in mono-cultures at a global level.
The consequences of the industrial model of agriculture are known. It is a system that is destroying biodiversity, soil, water resources, while contributing to only a small part of the food produced globally.
It is still small farmers who provide most of the global food needs, in spite of not being protected by the current system, which prefers to favour the distribution of low cost and nutritionally empty agricultural and food products, often loaded with a wide range of chemicals dangerous to health.
Dr. Patrizia Gentilini of ISDE Association of Doctors of the Environment, stressed the close and clear link between people's health and the environment and how this principle has yet not been fully assimilated by the medical and scientific community. Based on her experience, Dr. Gentilini has noticed an increase of cancer cases in younger and younger people. The statistical data about the Italian situation tell us that in a lifetime one man out of two and one woman out of three are destined to be given a diagnosis of cancer. The presence of a wide quantity of dangerous chemicals in the environment and in our food are also linked to a number of other diseases: metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, infertility. Especially alarming are the damages to the developing brain and the increase in cases of children with cognitive delay of various kinds. Faced with this scenario, there are serious shortcomings at the regulatory and institutional level, as seen in the risk assessment process on glyphosate which resulted in a further approval of the use of the substance in Europe for another five years, in spite of the clear corporate interferences and questionable, if not criminal, behaviours of production businesses.


text:
McCain campaign brands Michelle Obama as too tight with terrorists
By RICHARD SISK
| DAILY NEWS WASHINGTON BUREAU |
WASHINGTON - Michelle Obama has joined her husband on John McCain's too-tight-with-terrorists watch list.
A McCain campaign conference call Friday noted that Barack Obama's wife worked at a Chicago law firm "at the same time as Bernardine Dohrn," a '60s radical and the wife of ex-terrorist Bill Ayers.
So did 1,800 other people back in 1987. The firm, Sidley Austin, is huge.
"That may be a coincidence," conceded Yonkers City Councilman John Murtagh after raising the possibility of a connection between the two women. But, "I think we need to speak to his [Obama's] wife."
RELATED: McCAIN - YOU'RE LYING! OBAMA - YOU'RE DIVIDING!
Even as his team expanded its effort to cast suspicion on Barack Obama, McCain himself pulled back yesterday, perhaps alarmed by supporters who shout "traitor" and worse when the Democrat's name is mentioned at rallies.
In Minnesota, McCain was booed by his own crowd as he called Obama a "decent person" whom "you do not have to be scared of as President of the United States."
New polls suggest that the barrage of attacks featuring Ayers might be backfiring. A Fox News/Opinion Dynamics survey showed Obama's approval ratings up from 57% to 60%.
But back at McCain headquarters, the tone was unchanged. The campaign put up another Web ad hitting Obama: "When convenient, he worked with terrorist Bill Ayers. When discovered, he lied," it said.
Murtagh went national earlier this week with his claim that Barack Obama's "friend" Ayers was behind the firebombing of his childhood home.
He had no knowledge that Barack or Michelle Obama supported terrorism, "nor do I suggest that they themselves condone such things," said Murtagh, who is running for the state Senate.
Dohrn and Ayers were leaders of the now-defunct radical Weather Underground group, which claimed responsibility for 14 protest bombings across the country from 1969 to 1976. They are Chicago-area college professors.
Murtagh has charged that Ayers was involved in the February 1970 firebombing of the upper Manhattan home of his father, the late state Supreme Court Justice John M. Murtagh. No one was hurt in the incident, and the case was never solved.
rsisk@nydailynews.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Background: The uterus continues to contract after childbirth. The pain caused by the contractions of the uterus can be as severe as labor pain. The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of ice massage applied to the large intestine 4 (LI4) on postpartum pain during the active phase of labor.
Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with three groups and carried out in two stages. The study sample comprised of 150 pregnant women, who were referred to a maternity hospital. In the experimental group, ice massage was applied to LI4 during four contractions within the active phase of labor. In the placebo group, pressure was applied to LI4 using silicone balloons and the third group was the control group. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and The McGill (Melzack) Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) were compared among the experimental, placebo, and control groups.
Results: The mothers in the ice application group had the lowest mean VAS score. It was determined that ice massage applied to LI4 during the active phase of labor did not lead to any statistical differences in mothers in the first 24 hours postpartum in terms of the characteristics of the pain with MPQ and VAS.
Conclusions: In the study, the perception of pain was tried to be minimized by applying pressure with ice balloons to LI4. However, although the application was determined to have made no difference in the pain intensity, the mothers' statements in the ice application group suggested that they felt more comfortable than did the mothers in the other groups.


SKU: 50. Category: Sophia Books. Tags: Dr A Peter, Paper Back.
Do you have a dream to realize, a goal to reach or a project to complete? You may wonder where to begin and how to proceed. There is no short cut to success. There is no single formula for success. You have to learn and apply certain principles or guidelines. And the best principles for success or to achieve what you desire in life are born of personal experience.


I'm new of Elmer, I've only used Ansys and really appreciate the existence of Open Source FEM software.
I need to know how to create a simple beam, to mesh it, to apply loads and constraints and solving.
I,ve installed on my computer Elmer, Gmsh, Netgen, FreeCAD.
but now I can't open .grd files, for example beam3d.grd as sample file.
What's the difference between ElmerGUI and ElmerGrid ?
I know I have not installed Salomé, but I recommend it.
I start searching tools to simulate the behaviour of fibre reinforced self compacting concrete, and try quite a lot. As I am not an expert in FEM, I need something intuitive.
You can create a beam and mesh it with Salomé and then export it to .unv file.
I think ElmerGrid is the part of Elmer that can mesh different geometries, but if you do it with Salomé, just use this command in a terminal and will have a mesh that Elmer GUI can handle.
Elmer GUI is now the front-end of the software. There you have to set all the parameters before running ElmerSolver.


Easy-to-read charts, diagrams, and illustrations provides practical guidance on topics the successful lawyer's assistant must address every day. A bibliography, several glossaries and index are also included.
It is the required text for the NALS Legal Training Course and reference for the PLS and Professional Paralegal exams. A Student Study Guide (419631) and an Instructor's Manual (419619) are not available for general sale, but are available to course Instructors.


text:
Mel Williams Appointed to Oversee Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives
Image Courtesy of Wikipedia
by Jacqueline Jedrych
In a letter to the University community on July 19, 2021, President John Garvey announced that Associate Dean of Engineering, Vice Admiral Melvin Williams would begin a secondary role overseeing Catholic University's Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives.
"With personal humility and mindful respect for everyone in the Catholic University community," Williams said, "I look forward to remaining a 'servant' leader who assists others in our collaborative pursuit of common goals."
Williams has a rich background in promoting diversity and inclusion. The retired Vice Admiral's US Navy service included one year as an enlisted sailor, 32 years as a commissioned officer, and about 10 years as Commander of the U.S. Second Fleet.
During his time in the Navy, he earned the top national strategic US Air Force and US Navy award, the Omaha trophy, for being the first African American in history to Command a Nuclear Powered Strategic Ballistic Missile submarine. He was also the sixth African American in the Navy's 240-year history to achieve the rank of Vice Admiral. After retirement, he went on to serve in the Department of Energy, where one aspect of his role was Chair of the Diversity and Inclusion Council. Williams continues to serve as an advisor to top Naval officials on diversity and inclusion. He has served nine total years in higher education, including in his current role as Associate Dean of Engineering, where he has worked since 2017.
"The Sister Thea Bowman Committee, convened in August 2020, is named for our alumna who championed the dignity of under-represented groups and has been designated by the Church as a Servant of God," President Garvey said in his announcement letter. "Its mandate was to study all facets of University operations and make recommendations concerning racial equality."
Williams will be accountable through direct meetings to the President, and will work closely with the President's Staff to carry out the Sister Thea Bowman Committee recommendations & University Strategic Goals that pertain to Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion. He will also serve collaboratively on the Executive Committee of the Administrative Council to address matters of race and other inclusion initiatives.
"My approach will be to listen intently, to advise, to add value by performing the needed work in support of cognizant University leaders and our community," Williams said, "and as President Garvey has indicated౼to help create at Catholic University a truly hospitable campus culture for all nations, peoples, and cultures."
Vice Admiral Williams will begin his role in a part-time capacity on August 1, 2021.
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Next Notre Dame Truss Destroyed in Fire Finds New Life at Catholic University
The Next Great HBO Hit: "The Last of Us" Recap


text:
Saints quarterback Drew Brees makes it clear he wants to win another Super Bowl
By Andrew Schuster
Drew Brees covered a number of topics Thursday afternoon during his press conference, including his No. 1 priority — winning another Super Bowl.
New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees delivered what was perhaps his strongest press conference of the year on Thursday. From drawing comparisons between Willie Snead and former Saints wideout Lance Moore (now with the Detroit Lions, New Orleans' next opponent), to complimenting team chemistry and attitude this, he covered a wide variety of topics.
But in his biggest message of the day, Brees couldn't be more clear about one thing — he wants to win another championship.
"For me, at this stage in my career, it's about winning," Brees said. "It's about finding a way to win another championship. I want to go win another championship. All this other stuff comes along with it, because if you play long enough, then you're maybe knocking on the door for some of these records, which that's all well and good too. Those are fun, because you can reflect back on all of the people that were a part of that. A lot of guys caught those 421 touchdowns, and hopefully there's a lot more. You think about the guys that were a part of that and could always be part of that. That's really cool. That's great. Those are fun to celebrate in the locker room afterward too, but at the end of the day, I'm trying to win a championship."
More from Saints News
Are the Saints playoff contenders or pretenders in 2022?
3 takeaways from Saints unofficial depth chart ahead of preseason opener
3 things to know about new Saints QB K.J. Costello
Kirk Merritt could be a difficult player for the Saints to cut
Unfortunately, time is not on Drew Brees' side. He'll be 37 next month, he has one year left on his contract, and the Saints seem to be multiple coaching changes and talented players away from being a Super Bowl caliber team again. Another solid draft, some cap fixing, a splash in the free agent market, and an extension on Brees' contract could do the trick, but that's quite the tall order.
Still, it's nice to see Drew Brees continue on with his humble, winning mentality. He doesn't care about personal records. He just wants to bring the Lombardi Trophy back to New Orleans.
The Saints could very well find themselves back in the playoffs next year, and once that happens, it's a brand new season. It's any given Sunday, and as long as No. 9 is under center in the Big Easy with the right supporting cast, a second Super Bowl title is within reach. Let's hope he gets a few more years to try and make it happen.


About Us – Gulf Manpower Recruiting Agency Ltd.
Gulf Manpower Recruiting Agency Ltd started operations in 18th May 2007 as a local human resource consultancy firm under the banner Three Hands Worldwide Service. The entity grew to an established, reliable and globally recognized recruitment agency thus branching further to form the Gulf Manpower Recruiting Agency Ltd. Gulf Manpower Recruiting Agency Ltd offers unrivaled services in the field of human resources designed to provide our clients with the much needed competitive advantage. Our commitment to deliver has remained as our greatest key to growth and success. Gulf Manpower Recruiting Agency Ltd is incorporated in the republic of Kenya under the provisions of CAP 486 of laws of Kenya as a limited corporate. We are also accredited as an employment agency both locally and internationally in line with the provisions of Labor Institutions Act, 2007. Over the years, we have developed invaluable links across the various sectors of business and industry around the world. We have a huge global presence having recruited for Companies in the Middle East especially Saudi Arabia, State of Qatar, the United Arab Emirates among others, Europe and Africa.
Our Vision is to become a respected and eminent leader in the delivery of invaluable personnel solutions and unrivaled services that make a difference to our clients. We believe that to be persuasive we must be believable, to be believable we must be credible and to be credible we must be truthful to ourselves, our clients and the world at large. We must only be wise in words but also in deeds. We pledge responsibility of our actions that influence the lives of our customers and fellow workers. We recognize that Desire is the key to motivation, but it's determination and commitment to an unrelenting pursuit of our goal – a commitment to excellence – that will enable us to attain the success we seek. We are committed to and defined by delivery of excellent services to our clients.
Kenya through its economic blue print, Vision 2030, intends to create a globally competitive and adaptive human resource base and to raise productivity to international levels. Gulf Manpower Recruiting Agency Ltd bridges the gap by providing placement opportunities to our people.


No switches in this tower, but an automatic lighting management.
In Dijon (Côte d'Or, France), the Elithis Tower is the outcome of strong reflections about energy performance and strategic thinking. Operational for 2 years, this ten-storey and 5000m² office building is the showcase of Elithis Ingénierie's (100 people) expertise. The purpose: to reduce as far as possible the overall energy consumption of the building (heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting). In fact, when you take into account its photovoltaic power production (560m² of panels on the roof) the building has, today, an overall consumption of 0kWh/m²/year for the previously mentioned usage!
At an hour when advices for energy efficiency are to be written, the challenge is to aim at completed general installations rules for electrical installations of buildings, in the way to obtain the highest possible service for the lowest energy consumption. This shall be true in new and also in existing buildings.


text:
Medical Devices and Products
Wearable Epileptic Seizure Prediction Device
Author: University of Sydney(i) : Contact: usyd.edu.au
Published: 2018-06-30 : (Rev. 2019-02-08)
System designed to use data from non-surgical devices powered by AI and machine learning to create an affordable, portable, non-surgical device for reliable prediction of seizures for treatment-resistant epilepsy.
Epileptic seizures strike with little warning and nearly one third of people living with epilepsy are resistant to treatment that controls these attacks. More than 65 million people worldwide are living with epilepsy.
Now researchers at the University of Sydney have used advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning to develop a generalised method to predict when seizures will strike that will not require surgical implants.
Dr Omid Kavehei from the Faculty of Engineering and IT and the University of Sydney Nano Institute said:
"We are on track to develop an affordable, portable and non-surgical device that will give reliable prediction of seizures for people living with treatment-resistant epilepsy."
Picture of the epileptic seizure prediction device hardware prototype - Image Credit: University of Sydney.
In a paper published this month in Neural Networks, Dr Kavehei and his team have proposed a generalised, patient-specific, seizure-prediction method that can alert epilepsy sufferers within 30 minutes of the likelihood of a seizure.
Dr Kavehei said there had been remarkable advances in artificial intelligence as well as micro and nano-electronics that have allowed the development of such systems.
"Just four years ago, you couldn't process sophisticated AI through small electronic chips. Now it is completely accessible. In five years, the possibilities will be enormous," Dr Kavehei said.
Study Uses 3 Data Sets from Europe and U.S.
Using that data, the team has developed a predictive algorithm with sensitivity of up to 81.4 percent and false prediction rate as low as 0.06 an hour.
"While this still leaves some uncertainty, we expect that as our access to seizure data increases, our sensitivity rates will improve," Dr Kavehei said.
Carol Ireland, chief executive of Epilepsy Action Australia, said:
"Living with constant uncertainty significantly contributes to increased anxiety in people with epilepsy and their families, never knowing when the next seizure may occur.
Photo of Dr. Omid Kavehei - Image Credit: University of Sydney.
"Even people with well controlled epilepsy have expressed their constant concern, not knowing if or when they will experience a seizure at work, school, travelling or out with friends.
"Any progress toward reliable seizure prediction will significantly impact the quality of life and freedom of choice for people living with epilepsy."
Dr Kavehei and lead author of the study, Nhan Duy Truong, used deep machine learning and data-mining techniques to develop a dynamic analytical tool that can read a patient's electroencephalogram, or EEG, data from a wearable cap or other portable device to gather EEG data.
Wearable technology could be attached to an affordable device based on the readily available Raspberry Pi technology that could give a patient a 30-minute warning and percentage likelihood of a seizure.
An alarm would be triggered between 30 and five minutes before a seizure onset, giving patients time to find a safe place, reduce stress or initiate an intervention strategy to prevent or control the seizure.
Dr Kavehei said an advantage of their system is that is unlikely to require regulatory approval, and could easily work with existing implanted systems or medical treatments.
The algorithm that Dr Kavehei and team have developed can generate optimised features for each patient. They do this using what is known as a 'convolutional neural network', that is highly attuned to noticing changes in brain activity based on EEG readings.
Other technologies being developed typically require surgical implants or rely on high levels of feature engineering for each patient. Such engineering requires an expert to develop optimised features for each prediction task.
An advantage of Dr Kavehei's methodology is that the system learns as brain patterns change, requiring minimum feature engineering. This allows for faster and more frequent updates of the information, giving patients maximum benefit from the seizure prediction algorithm.
The next step for the team is to apply the neural networks across much larger data sets of seizure information, improving sensitivity.
They are also planning to develop a physical prototype to test the system clinically with partners at the University of Sydney's Westmead medical campus.
(i)Source/Reference: University of Sydney. Disabled World makes no warranties or representations in connection therewith. Content may have been edited for style, clarity or length.
1: Beaming Power to Medical Chips Within the Body : Stanford School of Engineering (2014/05/21)
2: Old Person Smell: When Older People Smell Different : Mirai Clinical (2016/03/14)
3: What Are Bariatric Aids, Products, Equipment : Disabled World (2012/07/10)
4: How Do Medical Alert Systems Work : Disabled World (2016/04/12)
5: SmartTrack Asthma Inhaler Technology : Nexus6 (2015/01/21)
6: Smartphones and Wearables May Revolutionize Medical Care for People with Brain Disorders : King's College London (2016/05/09)
7: Ribcap Protective Hats For Fall Risk Patients : Ribcap (2017/03/25)
Journal: Disabled World. Language: English. Author: University of Sydney. Electronic Publication Date: 2018-06-30. Last Revised Date: 2019-02-08. Reference Title: "Wearable Epileptic Seizure Prediction Device", Source: Wearable Epileptic Seizure Prediction Device. Abstract: System designed to use data from non-surgical devices powered by AI and machine learning to create an affordable, portable, non-surgical device for reliable prediction of seizures for treatment-resistant epilepsy. Retrieved 2021-01-16, from https://www.disabled-world.com/assistivedevices/medical/esp.php - Reference Category Number: DW#223-13486.


Braided Rugs - A Better Way Floors, Inc.
Green World selections include braided, braided stripe and woven stripe patterns.
Earth Rugs® began in 1980 offering a unique line of eco-friendly rugs made from 100% natural jute fiber.
Their hallmark has always been working with strong, luxurious jute fiber to create innovative, stylish and durable rugs. They now offer distinctive braided table accents and new braided log carriers too! Their braided rugs are the best rugs on earth!


text:
Joel Artista
Community Mural Projects
Palestinians & Israelis 2016
Syrians & Jordanians
India 5-city Overview
Human Trafficking Awareness
London: Street Child Summit
Gdańsk, Poland
Jo'burg, South Africa
Street Child World Cup
California Central Valley
East Harlem, NYC
NYC Court-involved youth
DC & Baltimore
Newark, NJ: Disabled Youth
Global Projects Blog
Ohio & Illinois: At-risk and Court-Involved Youth Projects
Springfield, Ohio 2014: "Upward Through the Storm" mural art and poetry project with court-involved young people. Collaboration with Project Jericho.
Springfield, Ohio: Project Jericho, an organization that uses the arts to engage court-involved young people in central Ohio, partnered with Joel to facilitate an Action Ashé! project featuring the creation of a giant mural with the participation of 75 students, including teens recently released from juvenile detention, current inmates, those on probation and also children who are involved in the local YMCA, where the mural was painted. The participants used poetry and painting to reflect on violence in their community and the importance of the youth taking a leadership role in the struggle to cultivate a peaceful and positive environment. This project was the culmination of months of workshops in which the Project Jericho teens participated in activities such as dance, drawing, theatre, music and performed at a public event.
Getting started! photo by Lauren Houser
photo by Lauren Houser
Our most dedicated student putting his aerosol skills to the test without giving his mother any grey hairs.
an ocean of poetry and expression
detail shot. photo by Lauren Houser
The inaugural event. photo by Lauren Houser
dancing for peace!
taking pics at the mural inauguration. photo by Lauren Houser
watching the performances. photo by Lauren Houser
The teens put on a dance show for the crowd at the mural inauguration. photo by Lauren Houser
Bloomington, IL 2013: "From the Ashes" created with students from the Regional Alternative School.
"From the Ashes" Project: In October of 2013, Joel Bergner brought his Action Ashé! arts initiative to his hometown, Bloomington-Normal, Illinois, for the first time for the "From the Ashes" youth mural art project. Partnering with the Downtown Bloomington Association and the Regional Alternative School, Joel worked with high school students who had not been successful in their traditional schools for a variety of reasons, but were now being given a second chance at their education. Fittingly, the students chose "second chances" as the theme for their project.
One of many workshops that led up to the design and creation of the mural.
The first week of workshops was in the classroom, and included discussions of issues important to their lives and their community, and how these could be explored publicly through art. The teens studied mural art and its impact on humanity from ancient cave paintings to modern street art and graffiti, took turns drawing each other in different poses, learned a variety of artistic skills and concepts, played games, wrote poetry and songs based on their theme, and created individual works of art. All of this led up to the design of the mural, which they painted over the course of the second week.
The student participants from the Regional Alternative School.
Using the students' ideas, Joel came up with a design that had several principal figures (which used two students as models and a rising phoenix) but that had room for each individual to express themselves through their poems, abstract designs, drawings and written messages, all inspired by the importance of second chances in life, of recognizing unrealized potential, and of the possibility of a rebirth. The students, who have no art in their normal school curriculum, were excited for the opportunity to represent their own experiences and feelings on the wall, putting it out there for the world to see. And the city paid attention: the teens' project and their message were all over local TV news, radio, and the newspaper. One bright, energetic 16- year- old girl pointed to a heart she had painted that had been stitched up. "This is my symbol," she said, and told the group that her childhood had been rough and she had experienced a lot of heartache in her family, but that she had made it through and was feeling positive about her future.
The grand finale came on a beautiful autumn Saturday at the end of the second week. Joel and three of the students spoke to a large crowd of family, friends, and community residents that had gathered in front of the mural for the inaugural event, as did the mayor of Bloomington and project partners. A band played, refreshments were served, and the community residents admired the mural and complimented the teens on their lasting contribution to the cultural heritage of the city. Special thanks to the project sponsors: The Downtown Bloomington Association, the Mirza Arts & Culture Fund, and the Illinois Prairie Community Foundation.
Students from the Regional Alternative School.


text:
Semyon Aranovich Gershgorin
Pruzhany, Russian Empire (now Belarus)
Leningrad, USSR (now St Petersburg, Russia)
Semyon Gershgorin was a Belarussian mathematician who produced important results in numerical approximation.
View one larger picture
Semyon Aranovich Gershgorin's name appears in various different transliterations in addition to the one we have chosen to use. His first name is often written as Semën or Semen, his patronymic is sometimes written as Aranovič, Aronivič or Aronovich, while his family name appears as Geršagorin, Gerschgorin or Gerszgorin. The family name is originally Yiddish and, somewhat confusingly, transliterations from the Yiddish can be given in the form Hirshhorn or Hirschhorn.
He studied at Petrograd Technological Institute from 1923, and defended an outstanding thesis submitted to the Division of Mechanics. The papers he published at this time are (all in Russian): Instrument for the integration of the Laplace equation (1925); On a method of integration of ordinary differential equations (1925); On the description of an instrument for the integration of the Laplace equation (1926); and On mechanisms for the construction of functions of a complex variable (1926). He became Professor at the Institute of Mechanical Engineering in Leningrad in 1930, and from 1930 he worked in the Leningrad Mechanical Engineering Institute on algebra, theory of functions of complex variables, numerical methods and differential equations. He became head of the Division of Mechanics at the Turbine Institute as well as teaching innovative courses at Leningrad State University. The authors of [5] write:-
... he quickly became one of the leading figures in Soviet Mechanics and Applied Mathematics. His many papers brought him to attention and made him famous world-wide. These were on the theory of elasticity, the theory of vibrations, the theory of mechanisms, methods of approximate numerical integration of differential equations and on other areas of mechanics and applied mathematics. His first publications showed him to be an outstandingly gifted young scientist but soon, in what were his last years, his talent matured and blossomed. The main features of Gershgorin's individuality are the innovative way he approached a problem, combined with power and clarity of analysis. These features are already apparent in his early papers - for example, his brilliant idea showing how to construct the profiles of airplane wings - and continue through to his last outstanding results in elasticity theory and in theory of vibrations.
First let us look briefly at his 1925 and 1926 papers whose titles we gave above. Garry Tee, in [6], describes some of Gershgorin's contributions contained in them:-
Gershgorin proposed an original and intricate mechanism for solving the Laplace equation, and he described such a device in detail in 'Instrument for the integration of the Laplace equation' (1925). J J Sylvester had proved that any algebraic relation between real variables could be modelled by linkage mechanisms, but he had not mentioned the possibility of actually constructing such mechanisms. In Gershgorin's 1926 paper 'On mechanisms for the construction of functions of a complex variable', he described linkage mechanisms implementing the complex arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. He described mechanisms for constructing the complex relations w=z2w = z^{2}w=z2 and w=z3w = z^{3}w=z3, which could also be applied for extracting square roots and cube roots. Gershgorin proposed that linkage mechanisms be constructed for various standard functions, which could then be assembled into larger mechanisms for more complicated functions. Later he became the first person to construct analogue devices applying complex variables to the theory of mechanisms ...
In 1929 Gershgorin published On electrical nets for approximate solution of the differential equation of Laplace (Russian) in which he gave a method for finding approximate solutions to partial differential equations by constructing a model based on networks of electrical components. In the following year he published Fehlerabschätzung für das Differenzverfahren zur Lösung partieller Differentialgleichungen Ⓣ
(Error estimate for the difference method for solving partial differential equations)
in which he made a careful analysis of the convergence of finite-difference approximation methods for solving the Laplace equation. However, his most famous paper, published in 1931, is Über die Abgrenzung der Eigenwerte einer Matrix Ⓣ
(On the limits of eigenvalues in a matrix)
. In this paper he gave powerful estimates for matrix eigenvalues, known as his Circle Theorem. Richard Varga writes in [1]:-
The Gershgorin Circle Theorem , a very well-known result in linear algebra today, stems from the paper of S Gershgorin in 1931 where, given an arbitrary n×nn \times nn×n >complex matrix, easy arithmetic operations on the entries of the matrix produce nnn disks, in the complex plane, whose union contains all eigenvalues of the given matrix. The beauty and simplicity of Gershgorin's Theorem has undoubtedly inspired further research in this area, resulting in hundreds of papers in which the name "Gershgorin" appears.
Ludwig Elsner [2] makes an interesting remark concerning the fact that Gershgorin wrote his paper on the Circle Theorem in German:-
I would also point out the significance of the fact that Gershgorin's article was written in German. It is safe to guess that this was one of the reasons that certain people outside the Soviet Union, such as Olga Taussky-Todd and Alfred Brauer, studied it and made it known in the West during the 1940s. Other important papers written in the Soviet Union in the 1930s became known in the West only much later. I think that the influence of language on communication of mathematical ideas and results is substantial and cannot be overstated.
The authors of [5] write about Gershgorin's death at the very young age of 31:-
A vigorous, stressful job weakened Semyon Aranovich's health; he succumbed to an accidental illness, and a brilliant and successful young life has ended abruptly. Semyon Aranovich Gershgorin's death is a great and irreplaceable loss to Soviet Science.
Gershgorin's final paper On the conformal map of a simply connected domain onto a circle (Russian) was published in 1933 after his death. He begins the paper with the following sentence:-
In this paper we present a method of conformal mapping of a given (finite or infinite) connected domain onto a disk, which is based on reducing the problem to a Fredholm integral equation.
Garry Tee writes [6]:-
L Lichtenstein [in 'Zur Theorie der konformen Abbildung: Konforme Abbildung nicht-analytischer, singularitätenfreier Flächenstücke auf ebene Gebiete' Ⓣ
(On the theory of conformal mapping: non-analytical, conformal mappings on singularity free patches on flat areas)
(1916)] had reduced that important problem to the solution of a Fredholm integral equation. Independently of Lichtenstein, Gershgorin utilised Nystrom's method and reduced that conformal transformation problem to the same Fredholm integral equation. Later, A M Banin solved the Lichtenstein-Gershgorin integral equation approximately, by reducing it to a finite system of linear differential equations.
Other Mathematicians born in Belarus
A Poster of Semyon Aranovich Gershgorin
R S Varga, Gersgorin and His Circles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004).
L Elsner, Review: Gersgorin and His Circles by Richard S Varga, Amer. Math. Monthly 113 (4) (2006), 379-381.
J Fischer and S Fujino, On Some Contributions of S A Gerschgorin, Information 2 (1999), 257-266.
S Fujino and J Fischer, Über S A Gerschgorin (1901-1933), GAMM-Mitt. Ges. Angew. Math. Mech. 21 (1) (1998), 15-19.
Obituary: Semyon Aronovich Gershgorin (Russian), Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 1 (1) (1933), 4.
G J Tee, Semyon Aronovich Gershgorin, IMAGE 32 (2004), 2-5.
G J Tee, Review: Gersgorin and His Circles by Richard S Varga, New Zealand Mathematical Society Newsletter 98 (2006), 21-22.
Other websites about Semyon Aranovich Gershgorin:
MathWorld (Gerschgorin Circle Theorem)
Last Update January 2012


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub