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Plasma phospholipid linoleic acid is a marker of health.
A nicely controversial new paper from the American Heart Association, in which linoleic acid in plasma phospholipids is the only PUFA with negative correlation with total mortality. The more LA n-6 in the membranes of your red and white blood cells, together with your lipoproteins, the longer you live. So should we switch back from butter to margarine?
(tl;dr; if you really care eat some nuts, nuts are the only LA source convincingly associated with reduced mortality, although nuts also being associated with exercise, wealth, not smoking and other markers of virtue, it's hard to be sure, but this latest research does help the nut case).
Here's the abstract
Circulating Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Jason HY Wu;
Rozenn N. Lemaitre;
Irena B. King;
Xiaoling Song;
Bruce M. Psaty;
David S. Siscovick;
Dariush Mozaffarian
Background—While omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFA) have been recommended to reduce CHD, controversy remains about benefits vs. harms, including concerns over theorized pro-inflammatory effects of n-6 PUFA. We investigated associations of circulating n-6 PUFA including linoleic acid(LA, the major dietary PUFA), γ-linolenic acid(GLA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLA), and arachidonic acid(AA),with total and cause-specific mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based US cohort.
Methods and Results—Among 2,792 participants(age≥65y) free of CVD at baseline, plasma phospholipid n-6 PUFAwere measured at baseline using standardized methods. All-cause and cause-specific mortality, and total incident CHD and stroke, were assessed and adjudicated centrally. Associations of PUFA with risk were assessed by Cox regression. During 34,291 person-years of follow-up (1992-2010), 1,994 deaths occurred (678 cardiovascular deaths), with 427 fatal and 418 nonfatal CHD, and 154 fatal and 399 nonfatal strokes. In multivariable models, higher LA was associated with lower total mortality, with extreme-quintile HR=0.87 (P-trend=0.005). Lower death was largely attributable to CVD causes, especially nonarrhythmic CHD mortality (HR=0.51, 95%CI=0.32-0.82, P-trend=0.001). Circulating GLA, DGLA, and AA were not significantly associated with total or cause-specific mortality; e.g., for AA and CHD death, the extreme-quintile HR was 0.97 (95%CI=0.70-1.34, P-trend=0.87). Evaluated semi-parametrically, LA showed graded inverse associations with total mortality (P=0.005). There was little evidence that associations of n-6 PUFA with total mortality varied by age, sex, race, or plasma n-3 PUFA. Evaluating both n-6 and n-3 PUFA, lowest risk was evident with highest levels of both.
Conclusions—High circulating LA, but not other n-6 PUFA, was inversely associated with total and CHD mortality in older adults.
You'll notice the name of Dariush Mozzafarian as senior author (he's from the U.S. but the research was done in Sydney, Australia, so it's unlikely he supervised it in person). Mozaffarian is open-minded about saturated fat and low-carb diets and has played a major role in rehabilitating dairy fat, which ought to lay to rest conspiracy theories about the study (publication bias might be another question). The result makes sense to me.
Remember that these are plasma phospholipids, that is, they exist in the oxidising environment of human blood. We make use of this dual state system of redox balance; antioxidant enzymes and glutathione keep the intracellular balance in favour of reduction, and the non-enzymatic reactions inevitable in the anarchic extracellular environment, and the relative lack of extracellular antioxidant enzymes, reverse that, so that insulin and amylin molecules and immunoglubulins adopt their active, oxidised structures only after exiting cells, and ascorbic acid is oxidised to dehydroascorbic acid before being taken up and regenerated - reduced - inside cells.
Everyone knows what happens if this balance is lost either way; reductive stress limits the cell's ability to perform metabolic functions, oxidative stress degrades cellular structures and closes them down.
Cardiolipin - the 4 radicals are predominantly C18:2, linoleate.
Linoelic acid is a major determinant of cellular health, because it's incorporated into a phospholipid called cardiolipin, which sits in mitochondrial membranes; the linoleate is essential precisely because it's the most easily oxidisable PUFA in living systems. When cardiolipin oxidises faster than glutathione and its enzymes can repair it, it's time to close that mitochondrion and start another - in this way, inefficient mitochondria that spew free radicals aren't kept alive forever. This isn't the only function of cardiolipin, but canary in the metabolic coalmine is a pretty useful job.
Cardiolipin radicals
Therefore it seems to me that the presence of higher levels of LA in plasma phospholipids, in an oxidising environment, is not a mere indication of its dietary ingestion, but rather a marker of the antioxidant status of the blood and of the lipoproteins, which carry carotenoids, coQ10, retinol, tocopherol and other lipid antioxidants to and from cells. This explains why nut consumption is inversely associated with mortality, but overall LA consumption is not (if it was, the authors of this study would have mentioned it - senior author Hu is the nut guy).
It would be pretty hard to have a less than adequate LA intake on a high-fat paleo diet, as I discussed here.
Another process destructive of plasma phospholipid LA is inflammation; the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and eicosanoids. Because AA itself is essential and conserved in the cell membrane, there is a flux through AA, with a constant replacement from LA. And guess what? Plasma phospholipid PUFAs, including LA, are preserved on very low carb diets - one of the anti-inflammatory benefits.
In other words, the paper under discussion seems to support the good, old-fashioned, free radical theory of disease and ageing, as well as the inflammatory theory of CHD. It doesn't support the intake of high levels of high LA seed oils, because what is going to happen to that LA? Almost all of it is going to be oxidised in the liver, with 22% of the acetyl-CoA produced going to make cholesterol.
You heard me - linoleic acid has the opposite effect from statins, increasing hepatic cholesterol synthesis. It also increases hepatic LDL receptors and pulls cholesterol in from the blood stream. Sometimes too much cholesterol, because all this free cholesterol oxidises easily, and when it does, cardiolipin also oxidises and mitochondria die (all this is referenced in my NASH series, see the Labels sidebar). Statins, if you overlook the side effects, are probably anti-inflammatory; I don't think there's much chance that seed-oils are.
Amylin - the "root cause" of diabetes?
When this story broke, I had to look up amylin in my biochemistry (Mathews, Van Holde, Aherne 2000) and physiology (Best and Taylor, 1984) texbooks. Neither has amylin indexed. Nor do I remember any insightful blogs about amylin from the usual suspects recently. Flyin' blind here. Thank God for wikipedia.
This news story linking amylin build up to diabetes, based on new research conducted jointly in Auckland, New Zealand and Manchester England, makes the case reasonably clearly:
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/health/news/article.cfm?c_id=204&objectid=11313712
Diabetes is defined as the loss of beta-cells, so that insulin production ceases - the insulin dependent stage. Interestingly, amylin allegedly plays the same role in type 1 and 2 diabetes, and the aggregates of amylin are amyloid formations similar to those seen in alzheimers. Before you start thinking of type 3 diabetes, though, the amyloids in Alzheimers aren't made of amylin. Amyloid just means "starch-like". What they have in common is beta-sheet protein structures (nothing to do with beta-cells) misfolding in a contagious, prion-like process.
What is amylin?
Amylin, AKA Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) is a protein produced by beta-cells in tandem with insulin. Insulin promotes glucose uptake and metabolism in cells, amylin slows glucose - and other food - uptake from the gut, by delaying gastric emptying, and decreases appetite; it also seems to be responsible from the switch from muscle glycogenogenesis to adipose lipogenesis, so probably has a role in obesity. According to wiki the ratio is 100:1 in favour of amylin (unless I've read it wrong and it's the other way round). Is the ratio always constant? Does amylin have any independence from insulin? In any case, amylin plus glucose represents a two-pronged approach to preventing systemic over-exposure to glucose; insulin pulls glucose out of, amylin slows access into, the blood.
Some people think amylin should be included with injectible insulin for type 1 diabetics.
Amylin overproduction results in incompleted (proamylin, or proIAPP) molecules being retained in cells; these serve to promote crystalization of further amylin beta-sheets in the cell, the amyloid clumps then initiate apoptosis, killing of the beta-cells with eventual loss of insulin - and amylin - production.
This looks like the end-stage of hyperinsulinaemia; this over-production of amylin (and insulin) is being driven by excess glucose intake, the amylin incompletion and insulin resistance may also indicate an overall micronutrient deficiency, and the out-of-phase insulin response to begin with indicates a) salivary amylase polymorphism, b) presence of excess omega 6 -> PGE2, c) absence of factors inhibiting PGE2, e.g. omega 3, CLA (the most likely reason for the diabetes-protective effect of dairy fat, or, if you don't eat dairy, ruminant fats).
Note that PGE2, an omega 6 series prostaglandin, inhibits glucose uptake, and to a somewhat lesser extent fructose, in sheep, but increases it in rats - probably the better model for human response. If this is the case, PGE2 is increasing glucose uptake as it decreases first phase insulin response, which is already diminished in individuals with fewer salivary amylase gene copies. The compensatory rise in second phase insulin response - exacerbated by 12-HETE, an omega 6 series eicosanoid - results in a larger area under the curve for both glucose and insulin; i.e., in hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia.
It is interesting that this hyperinsulinaemia-related problem with amylin is also causative in type 1 diabetes. It means that lower carb diets can be recommended to those at risk of this disease.
The T1D connection is really interesting. .I have a friend who is T1 diabetic; he said when he was 12 he got a craving to eat dry Milo (Nestles chocolate flavoured drink sweetened with maltose, i.e. glucose), ate a big tin of it in one day, crashed into a coma and woke up in hospital on insulin. That seems to show pronounced hyperinsulinaemia immediately preceding beta-cell burn out. Perhaps a combination of sudden hyperinsulinaemia from an inflammatory, infective, or autoimmune cause together with a low tolerance for amylin production.
Both insulin and amylin contain disulfide bridges (Cys-S-S-Cys) and this is interesting as the bridges are only meant to form outside the cell (the peptide is expressed as a string from the reducing environment of the cell, where the cysteine residues exist as 2x Cys-S-H, into the more oxidising serum enviroment, where the sulfur bonds snap together as the cysteine residues are oxidised to Cys-S-S-Cys plus H2O). If insulin output is very high, this puts a heavy demand on the reducing systems of the cell; glutathione, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase and so on. Hydrogen sulfide - H2S - is also protective in the beta-cell for some reason. These are mostly selenocysteine enzymes, and selenocysteine is also required for a protein folding enzyme. (note though, supplying 200mcg Se as selenomethionine in America, not overall a selenium deficient country, has been associated with double the rate of diabetes in one study that was not directed at glycemic endpoints).
Selenoprotein S
Selenoprotein S is involved in retrotranslocation of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. This protein may also be involved in inflammatory and immune responses
Here is the Wiki page on amylin. It's interesting, has the background to the latest research, and I wonder why we never hear about this hormone in diet-health discussions? I guess that from now on we will be hearing more of it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylin
The take home - keep insulin production under control by counting carbs and avoiding vegetable seed oils, and amylin should tag right along, ensuring beta-cell function lasts a lifetime.
Posted by Puddleg at 15:59 20 comments:
Labels: Amylin and diabetes
The Difficulty of Attributing Ends to Means - Selenium and Heart Disease
One of the arguments used by New Zealand's Public Health experts still opposed to LCHF and Paleo diets - opposed, that is to the idea of the more saturated animal fats being safe, either overall, or in a mainly wholefood, low carb context - is that low-fat dietary guidelines, and the decreased intake of butter, with increased use of margarine and seed oils, ought to be given some of the credit for a decreased rate of heart disease in the past 30 years.
They'll acknowledge that smoking cessation (to be fair, they had a bit to do with this too) accounts for some of the decrease.
But is that accounting for every factor likely to be significant? Most people who had heart attacks In New Zealand prior to 1984 went through the Great Depression, World War 2, and the 1951 Waterfront Strike. They had parents who lived through the 1919 influenza outbreak. Their lives were different in many ways from those of the generation dying early or living longer today.
One of those differences is environmental - the toxicity of industrial, urban, and rural environments has changed, mostly for the better; testing and legislation is mainly a product of 1970's environmental activism. And particulate vehicle emissions, to give the best-researched example, do seem to be causative of atherosclerosis. The last few decades have seen tighter and tighter restrictions on vehicle exhaust emissions on our roads and on the burning of fossil fuels and wood in private fireplaces in our cities.
Another change is genetic - in 1984, Wang was not the most common surname in Auckland. New Zealand has always had a small population, with a tendency for Kiwis to seek their fortunes offshore, and this loss has been offset and the population increased steadily through immigration, with the migrants' countries of origin altering over time.
Another change is in the micronutrient content of the diet. In early days, the poor were at more risk of deficiency diseases than they are today. Vitamins and minerals are added to junk food to give the advertisers something to boast about, and even to improve shelf life; the use of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant (E300-304) is no doubt a safeguard against scurvy in the least-well fed populations.
This change also applies to wholefoods - since the 80's, NZ's importation of foods - esp grains, legumes and fruit has increased, which means a wider spread of micronutrition. There is a wider variety of foods, and of ingredients; market deregulation since the 1980's means the New Zealand food environment has altered significantly.
See, for example Medsafe on selenium
The intake of selenium by New Zealanders has increased since the earlier Total Diet Surveys in 1982 and 1987/88. To prevent animal diseases, farm animals are drenched with selenium-enriched products and the meal fed to poultry has selenium added. Generally bread made in the South Island is lower in selenium than bread made in the North. Since deregulation of the grain industry much North Island bread has a significant proportion of imported, largely Australian wheat which is selenium-rich. But South Island bread is made predominantly with wheat grown locally in low-selenium soils. Current practices need to continue for the selenium intake of New Zealanders to remain around recommended levels.Meats, eggs, dairy products and bread are the main sources of selenium in New Zealand diets.6 Kidney, liver and seafood, and for the vegetarian, imported legumes are rich in selenium.
The relevance of this is that Finland - a seriously deficient country like NZ was 30 years ago - mandated selenium in fertilizer in the 1980s to reduce CVD incidence, raising serum Se levels within a short time.
Result? (or, correlation?)
Between 1982 and 1997, coronary heart disease mortality rates [in Finland] declined by 63%, with 373 fewer deaths in 1997 than expected from baseline mortality rates in 1982. Improved treatments explained approximately 23% of the mortality reduction, and risk factors explained some 53–72% of the reduction.
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/162/8/764.full
This, of course, has been attributed to lipids and SFA too - selenium has been completely forgotten, it seems - but this was a huge, and brave, public health effort in Finland, comparable to iodised salt being introduced to iodine-deficient societies in the 1920s. And matched by what NZ has done, albeit by chance more than by design. Finland was one of Ancel Key's strongest statistical supports - and the methodologically questionable Finnish Mental Hospital Study is still a mainstay of lipid hypothesis epidemiology. We are not talking selenium supplementation above requirements, which doesn't prevent CVD, but correcting selenium deficiency. (If you ask me, the micronutrient theory of diet-health correlations is sadly neglected at present. What slows the oxidation of lipoproteins? Not so much any antioxidant tested separately at megadose intakes - just the whole antioxidant defense system working smoothly on a little bit of everything it needs. Selenium, zinc, etc., etc., etc.).
2014 is not just 1984 with less saturated fat.
There is more detail about the Finnish selenium program here.
I bought this 45RPM record at a thrift shop the other day. Blue Band, by Bobongo Stars - the full version (it covers both sides) is pretty cool, with a great old-school synthesizer solo. The story of the song, and of Marsavco margarine is told here; it's a palm oil product (so not much need for hydrogenation), and today it's fortified with vitamins including nicotinamide; probably a good thing in the corn-eating regions of Africa. The song is credited to Marsavco-Zaire.
Plasma phospholipid linoleic acid is a marker of h...
The Difficulty of Attributing Ends to Means - Sele...


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Офтальмохирургия (глазная хирургия) — комплекс хирургических методик, направленных на восстановление функций зрения, нарушенных вследствие катаракты, глаукомы и других патологий глаза.

Попытки хирургического лечения глазных заболеваний известны с древних времен. Так, ещё в Древнем Египте проводилась реклинация мутного хрусталика. Первые микрохирургические операции проводились с извлечением мутного хрусталика вместе с его капсулой. В дальнейшем были разработаны методика сохранения собственной капсулы хрусталика для последующей имплантации в неё интраокулярной линзы, а также методы пластической офтальмохирургии.

На сегодняшний день методы офтальмохирургии подразделяются на:
 хирургические вмешательства — иридотомия, гониотомия, иридоциклоретракция, синусотрабекулотомия, синустрабекулоэктомия, Остео-одонто-кератопротезирование, операции на прямых мышцах глаза и удаление помутневшего хрусталика;
 лазерные вмешательства — иридэктомия, фотомидриаз, гониопунктура, трабекулопластика, циклотрабекулоспазис и др.;
 неперфорирующие вмешательства.

Примечания

Разделы хирургии
Глазная хирургия

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As you may have seen in our recent tweet, it's that time of year where the awards are coming thick and fast.
We may be ahead of the game, with the Zealot Script Book of the Year 2016 already decided, more on that soon, but the big names in Science Fiction and Fantasy awards around the globe are just announcing their shortlists!
We'll be keeping you updated with all the announcements when they come in, let us know what you think of the nominations!


Waterfront North Augusta! Many possibilities! Live in the garage apartment while you build your dream home! Or need a location for families? Manufactured home with boat dock plus 2 car garage with 2 bedroom 1 bath and kitchen apartment above! Two run in sheds! Fenced pasture! Round pen! Pontoon boat can stay! Large lot has trails and bridges (like a park). Additional acreage available at 200k for 23.5 acres! Come check out this fantastic opportunity!
I-20 E TO EXIT 5. RIGHT ONTO EDGEFIELD RD, LEFT ONTO ASCAUGA LAKE RD, RIGHT ONTO WOLDUS RD. GO EXACTLY 1 MILE, WILL SEE 3 MAILBOXES ONE WITH NUMBER 326, TURN DOWN DIRT ROAD AND PROPERTY IS ON LEFT.
326 Woldus Road is a 1,896 (*estimated) square foot home with 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms located in North Augusta SC, AIKEN County. This property is listed for sale at $250,000 and is currently active and accepting offers.


In the wake of tragedy, one boy from Texas found an generous way to protect his community.
"Helping other people makes me feel good," Hector told NBC 5 DFW. "I'm making a difference by doing this, and helping everybody."
"My 12-year-old son had a recent assignment in his 7th grade Language Arts class. The students were apparently to list what they were interested in currently and what they projected they'd be doing in the future. Check out what my son said what currently defined him under the subheading 'Who You Are.'" - Dawn E.


Hayling Park is now a registered LTA venue. What does this mean for you? Well, players at registered venues can join the British Tennis Lite Membership and can access the British Tennis Member Wimbledon Ballot for free.
British Tennis Lite Membership: is an exclusive free tier available for Juniors (11-17) and Adults (18 plus) who belong to our network of registered venues. Benefits include a British Tennis Rating and access to the annual British Tennis Wimbledon Ballot.
British Tennis Team Membership is the full benefits tier that costs just £10 for juniors and £20 for adults. Lite benefits are included plus priority ticket access for Major Events and Davis Cup, #ACE Magazine, 50% discounted Nitto ATP Finals tickets, and offers at the British Tennis Shop.
Child Membership for 4-10 years is free and in return for registering, members receive a Mini-Tennis rating so they can start competing plus access to offers at the British Tennis Shop.
Playing tennis in the park is an accessible and enjoyable way to have fun, exercise and meet people, whatever your age or playing ability.
Users are able to become a member, book and secure their court time by clicking the following links Become a Member or book a court here.
High quality courts available for residents of Hayling Island!
The Havant Tennis League offers local residents friendly and competitive singles matches for adults of all standards!
If you would you like to play more singles or are looking for new people to play, the Havant Tennis League is a great way to play friendly, competitive tennis against other players in your area.
Players are organised into groups of a similar level and arrange their own matches at a mutually convenient time over an 8 week 'round'.
You can play on any court in Havant or Hayling Island including the refurbished courts at Hayling Park and every player who completes 3 matches by the half way mark is sent a free can of tennis balls!
A Greg Rusedski interview is now live on our Roundup blog here.
Greg guides the viewer through the way that Local Tennis Leagues works, and talks about why he finds it so important for people to get behind.


No matter how small or large your company may be, we have a plan to help you get compliant, stay compliant, and prove compliance.
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In large bowl, combine egg, broth and butter. Add stuffing and mix well. Pat onto bottom and up sides of greased 9" pie plate; set aside.
In skillet, saute mushroom and onion in butter until tender. Sprinkle with flour and mix well. Add the turkey, peas, parsley, Worcestershire and thyme; mix well. Stir in gravy. Bring to a boil, then boil and stir for 2 minutes.
Spoon into the crust and bake at 375ºF for 20 minutes. Arrange cheese strips in lattice pattern over filling. Bake 5-10 minutes longer or until cheese is melted.


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Questions to Ask a Wedding Photographer
By Kim P
Read more about Love
Interviewing photographers can feel a lot like a job interview. Even though you are doing the interviewing, it can feel awkward at best. It's an important part of making the perfect wedding day, though.
© CreditDonkey
Each photographer has his or her own vision, style, and work ethic. You are going to pay a lot of money for this service, and it's a vital component of your wedding day. Take your fiancé with you and ask photographers the following questions to make sure you choose the right one for your big day.
Basic Questions
How Long Have You Been A Photographer?
What Is Your Main Photography Style?
How Many Weddings Have You Shot In This Style?
Will You Only Book My Wedding Or Will There Be Other Events That Weekend?
Do You Have Proper Insurance Coverage?
What Do Your Photography Packages Include?
Can We See Sample Photos That You've Taken?
Questions You Should Ask About Your Shoot
How Many Photographers Will Be At The Wedding? Are You The Photographer?
Do You Coordinate With The Videographer At The Event?
Have You Shot A Wedding At Our Venue Location Before?
Can We Provide You With A List Of Desired Shots?
Do You Shoot In Color And Black And White?
Do You Shoot in Digital, or Film?
Are There Extra Fees For Extra Shots?
How Long Will You Stay At The Wedding? Is There A Charge For "Extra Time"?
The Pictures
Do You Edit The Photos For Color Or Other Issues?
What Types Of Picture Packages Do You Offer?
Will I Receive All Of My Proofs?
Will I Have Digital Rights To The Photos?
How Long Will It Take To Receive The Pictures?
Questions to Ease Your Mind
What's Your Plan If Your Equipment Fails?
What Is Your Backup Policy Should A Photographer Fall Ill?
What Will You Wear To The Wedding?
The Basic Questions Everyone Should Ask
Listen carefully to the photographer's answer. Has he done this professionally or is this a hobby? You may be just fine with someone who does this as a hobby, but it's important to know in case you wanted a true professional at your wedding.
If you don't know what photography style you want, ask the photographer for examples of different styles he/she has shot. A simple way to know what you are talking about before you interview a photographer, though, is to search "wedding photograph styles" on Pinterest.
You probably want a photographer who has experience in the style you desire. Unless you like being the guinea pig, ask about his experience with it and even ask to see specific shots in this style so that you can make sure you are on the same page.
This will matter if you choose a smaller wedding photographer who doesn't have the resources to handle more than one event in a weekend. Listen to his answer and then ask questions about how they handle more than one event, what if one event runs long, or a photographer gets tied up? How do they handle the situation?
Photographers need insurance to cover the unexpected. Equipment can fail, accidents can happen, and unfortunately, theft and vandalism occur. Without insurance, you could have a photographer without equipment on your big day.
Each photographer will have different packages. Don't assume that a package includes everything from the engagement photos to the rehearsal dinner. Specifically ask about any shots you would like and whether they are included.
Do you want the photographer to photograph your wedding dress and other accessories before you dress? Again, ask because this could be an extra cost since it's outside of the traditional wedding time.
Looking at photos the photographer has taken will give you a firsthand feel for his style. You'll also see the quality of the pictures and get a general idea of the pictures he/she takes. Are they pictures that give you goosebumps or do you just think that they are mediocre?
If you have a large wedding, you'll want multiple photographers. If you have an average wedding, you will still probably want a photographer and an assistant photographer. Unless you have a small wedding of fewer than 50 people, it's hard for one photographer to capture all of the special moments that occur at a wedding.
If the photographer that you interview won't be your photographer, ask to speak with the photographer who will shoot your wedding. This way you can ask specific questions and avoid unpleasant surprises.
It's good to have a photographer and videographer who have worked together before. If it doesn't work out that way, at least work with a photographer who will have a conversation with the videographer so they can work side-by-side rather than getting in one another's way.
It's a good idea to have your venue chosen before interviewing photographers. This way, you can see what type of experience they have at your venue. If they've been there before, they may know some secret tips about getting the best pictures at your wedding.
Some professionals won't work with a shot list, because after all, they are professionals. They know what works and what doesn't work, and want the freedom to create their vision. However, some will allow a short list of specific shots, if you ask. The key is that you have to ask.
If you imagine having true black and white photos (not having the photo changed), but having the shot taken in black and white, you'll need a photographer who offers that service. Don't assume, as not all photographers have the equipment and/or talent to do so.
Today, most photographers shoot in digital, yet film photographers still exist. Film can offer a unique feel and charm to photos that differs slightly from digital. Of course a lot of the "film look" can be mimicked using digital editing, but it's best not to compromise if your dead set on a "film-look".
If you ask for shots outside of the photographer's standard shot list, there may be an extra fee that you'll want to know about ahead of time.
Most photography packages have a specific time that the photographers will remain at your event.
We all know that things happen, though. Whether there's a delay in the wedding or you just want the photographer to stick around for a little more time, you'll want to know what it will cost.
Many wedding photographers provide you with access to all of the proofs, but they are usually "as is." Ask your photographer about his proof policy. Will you receive them all and will they be unedited? Do they only retouch the photos that you order?
Some photographers offer strictly a la carte pictures, while others have specific packages that include a certain number of prints and different-sized albums. Go through each package to see what you might want and don't forget to ask about any extra fees for things you may want outside of the package.
Don't assume you'll receive every picture the photographer takes. Some offer this as a part of their package, others have a separate fee for the proofs. Also ask if the proofs will be edited or unedited.
Without digital rights, you won't be able to post your pictures on your social media websites. You'll need to ask specifically if your photographer allows this if you want this privilege.
You'll want to ask about the proofs as well as the edited pictures, as they will each have their own timeline.
Life happens and equipment stops working at the most inopportune times. You don't want to find out the hard way that the photographer doesn't have backup equipment.
It's important to know the photographer's backup plan because life happens. If the photographer falls ill or has some other type of emergency, they should have a concrete backup plan. You want to feel assured that no matter what happens on your special day, you'll have someone there photographing your wedding.
If you want your vendors dressed formally, don't assume that will be the case. Specifically ask about their dress code to see if it meshes well with your vision of the day.
Choosing the photographer is just as important as choosing your venue or wedding dress. Take your time, interview several photographers, and choose the one that suits your style and budget the most!
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Ritani Review
Ritani gives you more confidence by allowing you to preview your ring in person before buying it. Sounds promising, but is this online jeweler good? Read on.
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As a single person, you can get ahead financially, be socially adept, and be physically fit. That doesn't sound like the typical description of a single adult, but studies show that it's the case.
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Major General Aviv Kochavi on Tuesday morning receives the rank of Lieutenant General to become the IDF's 22nd Chief of Staff. Kochavi replaces Gadi Inzakot, who concludes more than 40 years of service.
Kochavi, married with three daughters, is vegan. He holds a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, a master's degree in public administration from Harvard University, and a second master's degree in international relations from Johns Hopkins University.
He grew up in Kiryat Bialik, near Haifa, and was member of Zionist youth movement Mahanot HaOlim. He was drafted in 1982 and served in the Paratroopers Brigade. In 1985 he completed officers school and returned to the Paratroopers Brigade as a platoon leader. Kochavi led the Brigade's Anti-tank company and later the 101st Peten battalion in counter-guerrilla operations in South Lebanon. He moved on to command a regional brigade in South Lebanon and a reserve Paratrooper Brigade.
Kochavi led the 35th Paratroopers Brigade during the Second Intifada, including the 2002 Operation Defensive Shield that demolished the terror infrastructure in Judea and Samaria.
Kochavi is credited with the idea of using a 5 kg hammer to break down walls and cross through homes in refugee camps to prevent soldiers from being shot by snipers. This tactic was later copied by the US military in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Kochavi later commanded the 98th Paratroopers Division and the Gaza Division. Later he served as the head of the Operations Division of the IDF's Operations Directorate and the chief of the Israeli Military Intelligence Directorate, during Operation Pillar of Defense and Operation Protective Edge. In November 2014 he was appointed commander of the Northern Command. In May 2017 he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff. In October 2018, he was appointed the next IDF Chief of Staff.


Position perfect, walk every where - school, community house, local church, shop, cafes and the 2 pubs. Situated on a quiet corner right in the township and directly opposite the community house, is this lovely piece of land. Power and water are running past and available. The Meredith township is just 30 minutes to Geelong or Ballarat. With a rich history of our gold rush and earlier settlement times, Meredith just reaches out to you.


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Home2020March
Marillion turn their attention to new album despite being in lockdown
March 31, 2020 JP Cartwright 0
From Loudersoud. Marillion have checked in to say that although they're currently in lockdown like the rest of us, they're using the time to turn their attention to their next album. Vocalist Steve Hogarth, guitarist Steve […]
The 1975 confirm details of new album, Notes On a Conditional Form
March 31, 2020 Glen Bushell 0
After several date changed and set backs, The 1975 have confirmed details of their forthcoming fourth album, Notes On a Condition Form. It is due for release on May 22nd through Dirty Hit and will […]
This weeks Top 3 affordable vinyl, CD and memorabila arrivals including John Lennon, Cristina, Miles Davis and more
Not every record has to be in triple figures to take pride and place in your collection. We have a constantly rotating stock of mid-price vinyl LP's, 7" singles and collectable CD's for less than […]
Kansas release trailer for new album The Absence Of Presence
From Loudersound. US prog rockers Kansas have released a trailer video for their upcoming album The Absence Of Presence. The band are set to release the new album through InsideOut Music on June 26. You can watch the trailer […]
Dick's Picks: The impossibly rare First Album from Roger Morris
First Album by Roger Morris is an Impossibly rare 1971 UK 12-track vinyl LP on the red & silver Regal Zonophone label, recorded in the UK in late 1971, 'First Album' was a fine addition […]
Alan Merrill Passes Away from Coronavirus
One of the co-writers and original singer of I Love Rock 'N' Roll, Alan Merrill, has passed away after contracting coronavirus. The news was shared online by his daughter, Laura, who said that Merrill, 69, […]
Elton John, Dave Grohl, Billie Joe Armstrong, Billie Eilish and more team up for Coronavirus Relief Concert
Sir Elton John put together an hour long performance featuring some of the biggest names in music, with each performing live from the safety of their own homes. Dave Grohl performed and acoustic version of […]
JAZZ Vinyl & CDs at eil.com this week includes John Coltrane, Tubby Hayes, Jef Gilson and more
Jazz has played a vital part in the history of music since it began, and even if you don't know it, it has probably influenced the music you listen to today. From the greats such […]
Buying - Sell to Us
US Vinyl & CD Collectors: Have You Got Collectible Vinyl Records Or CDs to sell?
March 29, 2020 Cathryn Draper 4
If so, we'd love to hear from you! Our rare Vinyl, CD & Music Memorabilia Buyer, Julian, will be back imminently! We buy collectible excellent condition vinyl, rare CDs and pop memorabilia thru' most […]
Audiophile collectables at eil.com this week, includes Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Devin Townsend & more
For anyone who collects vinyl, we know that some of the most highly wanted pressings tend to be those classed as Audiophile. Those with the best hi-fi equipment will always want the best quality sounding […]
Dave Mustaine and daughter Electra jam Beatles classic in quarantine
From Loudersound. Megadeth leader Dave Mustaine and his daughter Electra play Come Together while in quarantine – part of the Alzheimer Association's Music Moments project. Dave Mustaine's daughter Electra has shared a video of her […]
Geniuine Rare and collectable music industry awards now in stock from Suede, The Corrs, Jools Holland and more
It is a great honour for a musician to have their music recognised with an award. Even if they are creating their art mostly for their own release, it has to be a wonderful feeling […]
Latest Memorabilia arrivals from Led Zeppelin, Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Marvin Gaye and more
Memorabilia has always been a big part of the music world, going back right back to the advent of record shops. Whether it was promotional only material that was distributed by labels, or weird and […]
UK Official Vinyl Album LP Chart – Week commencing Friday 27th March 2020
eil.com are pleased to announce that we will be stocking the Official UK Vinyl chart releases. Every week, take a look at the chart and click to buy at eil.com Well, it's another week, another really […]
Liam Gallagher says Oasis reunion to raise money for NHS will happen 'with or without' Noel
From Sky News. On Tuesday, the singer set out a "demand" for the band to reform – adding he was "sick of pleading" for the reunion to happen. Liam Gallagher has vowed that an Oasis […]
6 Feet Covers Redesign Iconic Album Sleeves in Support of Social Distancing
6 Feet Covers have redesigned a number of a iconic album sleeves to support social distancing amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic. They have taken albums from The Beatles, Kraftwerk, Oasis, The Clash, Blondie and dozen […]
Halloween 2018, Star Wars, El Topo and more rare and collectable soundtracks now in stock
The world of soundtrack collecting has seen almost as big of a resurgence as vinyl itself, with labels and stores around the world dedicated to bringing out reissues of cult favourites, unearthing interesting scores to […]
Bob Dylan Unveils First Original Song in Eight Years, A Murder Most Foul
Bob Dylan has unveiled his first original song in eight years, A Murder Most Foul. The track is a 17-minute ballad about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, which makes reference to The Beatles, The Twilight […]
This months rarities and collectors items from our latest arrivals from Japan – Watch The Video
Japanese Vinyl & CDs are arriving thick and fast, and our latest shipment is making its way on to our store now. Watch space for exciting arrivals… Our buyer in Japan has been busy finding […]
Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross unveil Ghosts V-VI for free
Trent Reznor is the latest artist to offer some art and escapism in these trying times, but unveiling his latest offering with Atticus Ross, Ghosts V-VI Reznor posted the following Tweet announcing the release: Anybody […]
Latest rare and collectable '90s vinyl in stock, including Massive Attack, Dogs D'Amour, Space and more
Every era of music has its traits, tropes, and fashion that helps definite it, and the '90s were no exception. The grunge, hip hop, dance, pop, indie and alternative scenes all had their own unique […]
Run The Jewels drop another brand new single, Ooh LA LA
In a bid to provide people with new and exciting music during this trying time, Run The Jewels have unveiled yet another new track this week. The hip hop duo premiered the old school, east […]
Online music festival Webfest set to rock in early April
From Loudersound. The New Wave Of Classic Rock Facebook group are organising a fully-streamed festival for April 4 – music fans can donate cash by buying a virtual cup of coffee. The New Wave Of Classic […]
Music industry launches Love Record Stores campaign to help local indie
From Loudersound. Initiative to help independent record stores survive in the current climate is launched – music lovers asked to participate on social media with the hashtag #LoveRecordStores The music industry has launched a campaign […]
The Village People's YMCA is preserved for posterity
From the BBC. YMCA by The Village People has inspired partygoers to wave their arms around on countless dancefloors since 1978. It's feelgood. It's camp. It's cheesy. The US Library of Congress has also now […]
Soccer Mommy performs for NPR's Tiny Desk Series from Home
Soccer Mommy's Sophie Allison is the first artist to take part in NPR's Tiny Desk series from home. The series normally takes place at NPR's headquarters in Washington D.C with artists stopping by to perform […]
AFI, Thrice and more announced for 2000 Trees Festival
2000 Trees have announced that AFI and Thrice are among the new names joining the line up of this year's festival. While the organisers are mindful that things could change with regards to the July […]
Your weekly best of premium collectable ideas including Blur, Metallica, Elton John and more
Certain records you have been searching for only come around once in a blue moon, and we do our best to try and help you with that by securing the best premium, high end stock […]
Drummer Bill Rieflin – King Crimson, R.E.M, Ministry and more – passes away
Beloved drummer and multi-instrumentalist, Bill Rieflin, has sadly passed away aged 59. One of many bands that Rieflin worked with was King Crimson, and their founder Robert Fripp confirmed the news in the following Facebook […]


Most of us wants to own Apple's iPhone, but due to the budget issues only few of us are able to afford one. So, if you want your Android smartphone to look similar to an iPhone, then you can start using iPhone launcher.
These iPhone launchers allows you to apply iOS like interface on your Android smartphone by adding identical wallpaper and icons.
The one launcher is arguably one of the best iPhone launchers for Android. One launcher is a simple and user friendly launcher that does not hog your memory resources and your CPU cycles. It's efficient battery management feature helps your Androids battery to last a little longer.
The best part is that, you can use different themes from launcher's theme Store. Moreover it includes tons of practical widgets to let you see the time, weather, date and the latest news. By using one launcher you can always enjoy having a new looking Android anytime you want.
Another another great option on our list of 5 best iPhone launchers for Android is Espier Launcher. Unlike any other application, Espier launcher works as a home screen replacement app and makes your smartphone smooth and lag free.
When it comes to the widgets, you have no limitations but the number has been capped at eight. This limit was introduced to ensure that it doesn't slow down your Android smartphone. As of now, it comes in two types – IOS 6 and IOS 7. You will find the the latter to be a better version of the two.
Let's turn your Android phone into iPhone X with the help of phone X launcher. Phone X launcher is the exact copy of IOS 11 with the same iPhone UI and wallpaper. Phone X launcher offers lock screen feature which is 100% similar with Passcode lock and notification at lock screen.
You also get to choose from tons of wallpapers and icons. Furthermore, you can also perform spotlight search by just swiping down the screen. Phone X launcher is one of the best iPhone launchers for Android to provide iPhone like experience.
Launcher for iPhone 7 is another excellent app for you to experience the iPhone 7 phone UI on your Android device. Similar to the iPhone, it offers a lock screen on your smartphone.
You also get to experience features like spotlight search, smooth icons, good transitions and more. You might find the ads popping up on your screen to be little annoying, but apart from that, it works perfect.
The xos launcher is my next Choice on our list of 5 best iPhone launchers for Android. The XOS launcher is very easy to use and provides a smooth experience. Similar to the iPhone, it converts the overall interface and replicates the iOS theme.
You can also customise your home screen by choosing from a number of flexible theme options. You can always use this launcher to make your Android device look like an iPhone.
So according to us, these are the best iphone launchers for android. Give them a try and do let us know your experience in the comments section below.
Ready To knoowmore – Checkout our article on the 5 Best Earphones Under 1000 In 2019.


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Advertisers emerge winners in Global Directories, LIME lawsuit
Published:Thursday | April 1, 2010 | 12:00 AM
Barbara Gayle, Staff Reporter
Global Directories Jamaica Limited (GDJL) has won its legal battle against Cable and Wireless Jamaica, now trading as LIME Jamaica, over differences on the payment terms offered to advertisers in the Yellow Pages of the Jamaican telephone directory.
Global Directories, which produces the directory under contract from LIME, offers an easy payment plan - 12 equal monthly instalments, commencing the month after each year's directory is published.
But the phone company decided that payment should be collected in full months before the directory was published and in January 2008 directed GDJL to change the arrangements with advertisers.
Global Directories refused, arguing that it would not be a commercially wise move.
It also argued that LIME could not make a unilateral change in the agreement on such an important issue.
LIME threatened to terminate GDJL's contract, which dates back to November 4, 2005.
Hilary Phillips, QC (who is now a judge in the Court of Appeal), and attorney-at-law Denise Kitson argued on behalf of LIME that the advertising contracts were between LIME and the advertisers and that Global was only acting as LIME's agent.
The advertising contracts, they told the court, allowed LIME to adjust the terms of payment, and submitted further that LIME did not need Global's consent to do so.
Favours advertisers
But Supreme Court Justice Lloyd Hibbert was more convinced by GDJL's arguments and ruled in its favour on March 25 - a decision that also favours advertisers who can continue, for now, to settle their bills in instalments.
Global Directories had also claimed damages of $109.07 million due under the four-year-old contract, plus interest, but LIME had settled the bill before the court case was heard.
Justice Hibbert ruled that LIME was not liable for the payment of interest, but directed the phone company to pay Global Directories' legal costs.
GDJL's lawyers, Michael Hylton, QC, and Carlene Larmond, countered that while the publisher was not a party to the advertising contract, changes to the terms of that contract would affect its rights under the publishing agreement between Global and LIME.
The agreements, when read together, do not allow LIME to change the terms of the advertising contract without GDJL's agreement, the defending attorneys said.
Justice Hibbert agreed that LIME could not unilaterally change the terms of the agreement.
The judge also issued an injunction restraining LIME from terminating the publishing agreement by reason of GDJL's refusal to require advertisers to make payment in advance.
The judge said Global was not in breach of the publishing agreement by reason of its refusal to require advertisers to make payments in advance.
barbara.gayle@gleanerjm.com


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Anthony Mundine is set to return to the rugby league field
Anthony Mundine is set to return to the rugby league field for the first time in almost 19 years after registering to play with the Matraville Tigers.
AAPApril 21, 201911:26am
You're the John Farnham on boxing (Seven)
David Koch pulled out a zinger during an interview with Anthony Mundine on Sunrise.
NRL Anthony Mundine during the Nanima v Redfern All Blacks in the Koori Cup at Blackmore Oval No.3, Leichhardt. Pic Jenny EvansSource:News Corp Australia
Anthony Mundine is set to return to the rugby league field for the first time in almost 19 years after registering to play with Matraville Tigers in South Sydney.
He walked away from St George Illawarra in May 2000, citing his ongoing lack of opportunities to play representative football.
Mundine then went on to pursue a successful 18-year boxing career, in which he held both the WBA super middleweight and IBO middleweight titles, before that ended with a knockout by Jeff Horn in January.
He's reportedly signed up to play for the Matraville club side in this season's A-Grade South Sydney District Junior Rugby football League.
"I just want to get back on the paddock," Mundine told The Sunday Telegraph. "I'm working on speed and muscles I haven't used since I last played. I'll see how I go. I'll be targeted because of my profile but that's fine."
Anthony Mundine is back, again.Source:News Corp Australia
Mundine played 127 first grade matches between 1993 and 2000 for St George, Brisbane and St George Illawarra and ran on for the NSW Blues in all three matches of the 1999 State of Origin.
He won the 1997 Super League premiership with the Broncos and played in the 1996 and 1999 grand finals with the Dragons, but the 43-year-old hasn't been on the field for almost 19 years.
"Age is just a number," Mundine insisted.
"I love the game and I'm a different beast. My body hasn't been beaten up because I quit footy 20 years ago. The contact doesn't worry me. This is also a nice opportunity to mentor a few kids."
Anthony Mundine copped a beating in his boxing swansong.Source:AAP
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Malmön är en ö i Arnäs socken i Örnsköldsviks kommun, 10 kilometer nordost om Trysunda och 13 kilometer sydost om Örnsköldsvik. Ön har en yta på 2,89 kvadratkilometer.

Malmön har sedan länge tillhört Svenska kyrkan; i början av 1900-talet fanns fyra torpställen på ön. De sista bofasta på gårdarna lämnade ön på 1940-talet, och den har därefter avstyckats för fritidshusbebyggelse, huvudsakligen uppförd under 1960- och 1970-talet. Idag finns närmare 50 fritidshus på ön. Ön utöver fritidshustomterna ägs ännu av Svenska kyrkan. Sedan början av 1980-talet finns åter helårsboende på ön.

Källor
 Sveriges öar, 3:e upplagan 2013, Anders Källgård s. 561-562.

Örnsköldsviks kommun
Svenska öar i Östersjön


KB Yoga is a way of integrating all aspects of a person's life into a harmonious path. A system of physical, mental and spiritual development.
KB yoga is a great way to start the week and reconnect your mind, body and spirit. All are welcome, from absolute beginner to the more experienced student. Through the postures and breath you'll improve your flexibility, build muscle strength and let go of old tension making space for you in the present.
Sound therapy will also be used: singing bowls and Acutonics(TM) tuning forks to ground you and restore normal (sound of the earth) vibratory frequencies. You should leave feeling lighter whilst more grounded, peaceful, perhaps with a new perspective, and full of good Qi and calm happiness.
Yoga is an ancient system of philosophy practised by practitioners throughout the world. It incorporates a range of practices from physical postures and breath control to meditation.
The style of class at KB Yoga is generally dynamic, flowing from pose to pose, rather than holding position static for a long period of time. This develops stamina as well as balance, co-ordination and a well-sculpted body.
There is also a focus on core strength and alignment, to encourage each outer body position to be an extension of the inner body's strong foundations rather than trying to jar the joints into a compromised posture.
Through the postures and breath the practitioner becomes calmer, more centred, grounded and better able to cope with emotional stress.
It is our intention at KB Yoga that our members are left feeling renewed and refreshed after every class.


This is great,keep it up IT Team.
This is a step towards the right direction, excellent job. I support the idea of partnering with other outlets to make Replica Jerseys available and also to tame income leakage from these Jerseys. The office needs to implement this for self sustainability.
This is beautiful. I must confess I didn't know some of the officials posted here. Now I know. Thank you.
Can someone tell me what surrounds Meddie Kagere at the moment? It will be stupid enough to let the player of such caliber during this busy period. He is 32 years now, anybody who wants his signature should come at the end of the season. And if I were Kagere, I would stay at Gor Mahia because he tried and came back. If Musa Mohammed had headed the advise, he would be marshaling our defense well. My advise to Kagere is simple, STAY AT GOR AND SCORE GOALS! Going to Yanga will disrupt your rhythm. You will become a dead wood at Yanga. Think twice and be careful.
Kenneth Okoth, as you can see in this post of June 14, 2018; your concerns of Meddie Kagere came to pass. My point is this: if Gor Mahia is poised for continental honours, then the leadership of the club must work for it. I have no problem with the release of players and coaches, but these issues must be handled professionally and with vision. Meddie is thriving in Simba and that is good for him. I hope K'Ogalo will one day rise to its rightful position in continental football.
Hello Kogallo Sirkal min Timbe…there are rumours out there that the former coach Dylan Kerr is luring Kahata and Philemon to join him or opt out of Gor for greener pastures.What say you on this?


Dr Brian Zakhem's qualifications include Bachelor of Science, Monash University followed by an MBBS at Monash University. Dr Zakhem completed his FRACP in Clinical and General Cardiology at Western Hospital. He then spent another two years completing his Master's degree and Interventional Fellowship at Hospital Clinico San Carlos in Madrid, Spain. On returning to Melbourne, Dr Zakhem commenced specialist practice at Heart Care Footscray and Waverley Heart Clinic, Glen Waverley, with an area of special interest in clinical and interventional cardiology. Dr Zakhem is committed to providing the highest quality of care to his patients.


After the sandboarding, our tourguide took the big bus onto the sand to drive us along 90-mile beach. It's pretty cool riding on the beach (I experienced it once before on Fraser Island, Australia). I love seascapes, the vastness, the emptiness. In this shot, I particularly like the composition and the horizontal lines all over.
Beach driving is so much fun. Great photo.


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Ramaphosa energy plan reaction — 'devil is in the d…
On Monday 25 July, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced an "energy action plan" that promised the potential to end rolling blackouts and fundamentally transform the electricity sector in South Africa. Broadly well received, stakeholders representing academia, the energy sector and the environmental lobby have, however, expressed cautious optimism.
Gaylor Montmasson-Clair, senior economist at Trade & Industrial Policy Strategies — a non-profit, economic research institution — told Our Burning Planet that "overall, I think it is a strong plan given the difficult circumstances that SA is in at the moment. The devil will be in the details and in how it gets implemented.
"In effect, plant maintenance, energy efficiency and renewable energy (with storage) are the key anchors of the plan. These are the right elements to relegate load shedding to a thing of the past as soon as possible and set SA on the road to a reliable, clean and affordable electricity supply," said Montmasson-Clair.
"Importantly, the plan aims to rapidly ramp up the rollout of renewable energy technologies in the country, at the utility, commercial/industrial and residential levels. That is really positive and will hopefully underpin energy sustainability as well as local industrial development."
'Most fundamental reforms in 20 years'
Roger Baxter, CEO of the Minerals Council South Africa, said in a statement: "President Ramaphosa outlined a detailed plan by the government to abolish the 100MW licensing cap on private sector renewable energy projects, ensure greater private sector participation to urgently install electricity generation capacity, address Eskom's R400-billion debt and its internal crime and corruption problems, and streamline regulatory processes by eliminating red tape. This represents the most fundamental reforms of South Africa's energy sector in 20 years.
"Overall, we rate this plan as very good for its boldness and for recognising that the private sector, along with fixing the reliability of Eskom, is the solution to energy security going forward. The Minerals Council and its members, which are already active in coming up with solutions, are ready to play their part.
"The president and Cabinet recognise that we have a fundamental energy crisis and that there can be no more tinkering around the edges. This is a comprehensive overall reform plan, with the private sector playing a critical role in ensuring South Africa's energy security into the future. We support this bold and ambitious plan," said Baxter.
More attention to storage 'vital'
Prof Patrick Bond from the University of Johannesburg was more tepid in his analysis: "What we might term 'non-invasive storage' was not addressed. Instead of lithium dependency, it's much more useful to consider pumped storage (small hydropower) in appropriate locations and molten salt.
"To really get off fossil fuels properly, and to have a national and regional system that modulates the different weather variables, more attention to storage is vital."
Asked what some potential obstacles to achieving any of the planned actions might be, Bond replied: "People focus on coal-addicted or wannabe methane-addicted politicians like Gwede Mantashe, Cyril Ramaphosa or Valli Moosa, which is undeniable. Behind them, though, is the so-called 'minerals energy complex' which has become darker in complexion due to 'pass-the-trash' coal sales by Glencore, AngloCoal and South32 to BEE billionaires in recent years.
"A full-cost accounting that accounts for 'stranded assets' properly would be a great leap forward."
Bond added that "Ramaphosa promises more renewables, which is great — although prices have soared thanks to the energy crisis following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. But state-owned generation — a so-called 'Green New Eskom', as activists term their aspiration — was missing".
The Green New Eskom plan, developed by the Climate Justice Coalition (CJC), a South African grouping of civil society, grassroots, labour and community organisations, describes as its central demand "a rapid and just transition to a more socially owned, renewable, energy powered economy, providing clean, safe, and affordable energy for all, with no worker and community left behind in the transition", which would include seeing that the utility moves away from coal-fired power plants and instead invest more heavily in renewable energy generation.
Embrace of renewables, feed-in tariffs 'welcome'
Dr Alex Lenferna, climate campaigner at 350Africa.org and secretary of the CJC, said: "The president's energy plan recognises that renewable energy holds the key to tackling South Africa's energy and climate crises. While there are significant concerns about several elements of the plan, its embrace of a renewable energy future is welcome.
"Of course, coming up with a plan is the easy part… implementing it will be the difficult part, particularly as Minister Mantashe's Department of Mineral Resources and Energy failed to deliver on the last emergency energy plan."
Greenpeace Africa's Climate and Energy campaigner, Thandile Chinyavanhu, said "Greenpeace Africa applauds the announcement of feed-in tariffs. We have been calling for this for some time. It allows South Africans — who are able — the opportunity to meaningfully contribute to the end of load shedding.
"After years of campaigning, we welcome the decision to remove the arbitrary threshold for renewable energy generation. South Africa has not even begun to exhaust its renewable energy potential, and this is a big step towards that end," said Chinyavanhu.
"We also know that there is massive potential for job creation in a just transition to renewable energy, and South Africa's unemployed youth are eager to join the workforce.
"The President must keep people and the planet in mind. Stabilising our energy system and safeguarding our environment are not mutually exclusive; renewable energy is the answer to both the energy and climate crises. South Africa has the opportunity to lead the world out of fossil fuel dependence, and this won't be achieved by continued reliance on fossil fuels," said Chinyavanhu.
Potential flaws
A statement by the World Wildlife Fund South Africa (WWF) said that while "in general WWF feels that the plan is a strong means of taking the country out of our current electricity crisis and laying the pathway for future development, we would like to caution against some potential flaws.
"We urge firstly that the waiver of regulations around installation of energy infrastructure should not encompass environmental considerations, since there can still be significant impacts on biodiversity."
Khungeka Njobe, environmental programme head at WWF, said "the strategic environmental assessment for grid infrastructure and the Renewable Energy Development Zones does indicate areas of potentially low impact, but waiving environmental considerations can result in long-term problems that it would be best to avoid.
"The mooted call for fossil gas infrastructure is concerning, as is the mention of 'mobile generators', which we are concerned may include the invidious Karpowerships.
"Whilst WWF concedes that hydrocarbons are a potential long-term energy storage mechanism, they are not needed until we have a very high renewable penetration in the electricity system, by which time costs of other grid management options, like green hydrogen, would have fallen further.
"Moreover, while fossil gas may have a short-term role for peaking generation, when compared to the price certainty of batteries, it represents both a financial risk and a certain climate impact that we must avoid."
James Reeler, a senior climate specialist at WWF, said "South Africa's commitment under the Paris Agreement requires a phase-out of fossil fuels, and the potential to lock in emissions from fossil gas infrastructure could both undermine this goal and damage our economy as the rest of the world starts introducing real border carbon adjustment mechanisms.
"To this end, we recommend that we accelerate the development of a new IRP that better reflects the reality of the energy sector and our international climate commitments. The near-term electricity crisis plan must not lock in fossil fuels, and we must bear this in mind both at present and as we shape the new energy future for our country. We look forward to the effective roll-out of this plan," said Reeler. OBP/DM
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Screen printing is a process we employ for larger orders of printed T-shirts (15+) and for larger designs. Screen-printed T-shirts wash well and can maintain their print quality for some time – although digital printing has become popular for photographs and complex four-colour designs on shirts recently.
This process should not be confused with heat transfer printing (or thermal prints). Transfer prints do not last as well and are not as good in terms of print durability.
During the screen printing process, one colour at a time is applied and therefore the cost will increase with each additional colour required. For each separate colour an additional screen is required, so a design with four colours in it will need four screens. This makes screen printing in many colours uneconomical if only a small run of clothing is required, so digital printing may be a cheaper option.
At the other end of the scale the cost of four screens spread over a larger number of garments doesn't add a lot extra to the cost per shirt. We have price breaks at 15, 20, 50, 100, 200 and at 500.
If you want more than 500 then we will produce a bespoke quote for you. You can combine garments to get to the next price bracket as long as the print remains the same. If the print size is changed then this counts as a separate print run.


Have your kids watched Disney Zombies? Have your kids watched it and listened to the soundtrack on repeat – over and over? Mine are obsessed with the movie. So much so that Sissy got the great idea that they should dress up as Eliza, Addison and Zoey for Mickey's Not So Scary Halloween Party 2018….


As mentioned in our introduction to the Peanuts Global Artist Collective earlier this month, murals featuring the work of some of the participating artists were unveiled in New York. Painted on the side of downtown office buildings on the West Side near Hudson Square, imagery inspired by Charles M. Schulz's famous comic strip could be seen by passerby's from Mr. A (seen above), AVAF, FriendsWithYou, Kenny Scharf, Tomokazu Matsuyama, and Rob Pruitt. Head over here for more info as there are plans to hit up 7 cities internationally with more collaborations to be announced through 2018-2019.
Categories: Contemporary Art, Features, Low Brow & Pop Surrealism, Seen on Streets, Street & Urban Art. Tags: André, AVAF, Contemporary Art, Features, FriendsWithYou, Kenny Scharf, Low Brow & Pop Surreallism, Mr. A, New York, Rob Pruitt, Seen on Street, Street & Urban Art, Tomokazu Matsuyama.


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Tag: Padalecki
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The outline of today's class is still in draft form.
Reminder: We'll have a review session Tuesday, Dec. 16th at 7pm.
My "laboratory" now has one Macintosh, an 8600/300. You should feel free to use it, but don't abuse it (it's in the MathLAN laboratory).
Today and tomorrow we'll do a short "tour of computer science". I hope you'll find the material interesting, but you don't need to worry about it being on the final.
In order to implement any of the aforementioned algorithms, we'll need a Graph data structure.
As in other cases, it may depend on the way you intend to use the graph. For example, if you frequently attempt to list all the neighbors of a node (as we did in a few recent algorithms), you want something that provides an answer to that question quickly.
In an edge list implementation, the graph is implemented as a list of edges (pairs of nodes, potentially ordered, potentially weighted).
This makes it easy to get a list of all the edges :-).
This makes it easy to add edges.
This makes it easy to present the graph in textual form (just list the edges).
This makes it difficult to get all the neighbors of a node, as we must look at all the edges in the graph.
This makes it difficult to determine whether or not a node is in the graph.
In an adjacency list implementation, we associate a list of neighbors (plus edge weights if appropriate) with each node. Often, we store the individual nodes in a dictionary for quick access.
This makes it nearly as easy to add edges.
This makes it relatively easy to get a list of all edges.
This makes it easy to get all the neighbors of a node.
This makes is slightly difficult to determine if there is an edge between two nodes (it's O(#neighbors)).
This makes it easy to determine if there is an edge between two nodes (O(1)).
This makes it easy to add edges (O(1)).
This makes is slightly more difficult to get lists of edges O(n^2).
Can you think of other reasonable implementations?
What is computer science? At times, it depends on who you ask.
An engineer might tell you that it's the study of how to build computers. Others would call this Computer Engineering.
One of the faculty at my old institution might tell you that it's the study of computational complexity -- what can and cannot be computed. Others might call this a part of Theoretical Computer Science.
A programmer might tell you that it's the study of programming. Others might call that Software Engineering.
A typical computer user might guess that it's the study of computer applications, like word processors or spreadsheets.
While CS encompasses these ideas, it is much more.
Computer Science is the study of algorithms, including their (1) formal and mathematical properties, (2) hardware realizations, (3) linguistic realizations, and (4) applications.
I would extend that to say that computer science is the study of algorithms and data representation, since some of what we do in CS focuses more on the data than on the algorithm (as we've seen in this course).
In fact, the recommended computing curriculum suggests that we approach each topic in CS from each of these perspectives.
If we're to do that, we need definitions. That's up to you ... (it may be less fun in this class than in other classes I've taught).
Like many modern fields, computer science has segmented into a number of subfields. There is some overlap between many of these subfields, but there are also some clear divisions.
Computer architecture -- the design and analysis of the primary electronic components of computers.
Programming languages -- the design, analysis, and implementation of the languages we use to express computation.
Algorithms -- the formal design and analysis of procedures for solving problems.
Computability theory -- the study of what can and cannot be computed.
Human-computer interaction -- the study of how computers can be made easier to use and how computers affect human task-completion activities.
Information retrieval -- mechanisms for organizing data for quick access; models and systems for access to data.
Operating systems -- how to provide a robust and reliable computing system upon which other applications rely. Concerns itself with processes (programs as they execute), memory, file systems, and such.
Networking -- how computers can communicate with each other reliably and quickly.
Parallel and distributed computing -- the use and coordination of multiple computers (and computer components) acting together.
Applications -- the things we can do with computers.
Software engineering -- the formal discipline of writing computer programs.
Artificial intelligence -- the attempt to simulate human thought processes on computers.
Social issues -- the effects of computers on humans and society.
Obviously, it won't be possible to discuss all of these in any detail. We will, however, attempt to visit an interesting problem (or problems) in many of the subfields.
We won't visit these subfields in any particular order.
The goal of operating systems design is to provide a mechanism by which programs can easily and reliably use system resources.
These resources include the computer's memory, the hardware, and such.
The problem becomes more difficult as you need to have your computer handle multiple "cooperating" processes. For example, on the HP's you can be simultaneously running a mail reader, netscape, emacs, and more.
What happens if two processes try to modify the same file?
What happens if the total amount of memory the processes need is greater than the actual memory on the machine?
Given that most processors can only run one process at a time, how do you simulate multiple processes?
An interesting problem from the operating systems community is the dining philosophers problem. Seated around a circular table are N philosophers thinking and eating Chinese food. Between every two philosophers is a chopstick. Each philosopher needs two chopsticks in order to eat. Come up with a strategy for the philosophers to use that ensures that every philosopher gets to eat.
If your getChopSticks() simply picks up left then right, you may run into a problem if all philosophers get hungry at the same time. Each picks up the left chopstick and then waits until the right chopstick becomes available.
It turns out that the solution to this problem relies on a special concept called the critical section in which you ensure that only one process can access a critical section at once.
The dining philosphers problem models resource usage on many computing systems ("I need this file and this output device and ...").
The subfield of programming languages concerns itself with the languages used to describe algorithms ("their linguistic realizations").
It has its own subsubfields that include the design of languages, the implementation of languages, and even the theoretical power of languages.
Key paradigms: Imperative, Functional, and Object-oriented (yes, there are others).
Error-handling mechanisms (e.g., exceptions vs. "test then do").
Translation (implementation of one thing using another).
One of my favorite concepts in languages is that of lazy evaluation.
Consider a simple language in which you can define functions and apply them.
One problem in the design of such a language is how to deal with the application of a function to arguments.
You might choose to evaluate the arguments and then pass the results to the function.
You might choose to pass the unevaluated arguments to the function. In this case, you'll eventually need to evaluate arguments in order to get some output.
first evaluating 2+3 (getting 5), then replacing square(5) by 5*5, then replacing 5*5 by 25.
replacing square(2+3) by (2+3)*(2+3), then evaluating each of the (2+3)'s, then replacing 5*5 by 25.
The first strategy is called innermost, the second is often called outermost.
Which is better? Well, it depends on how extreme you're willing to be. If you believe that you should only use one strategy, then innermost can have serious disadvantages.
Observe that if() is also a function.
Source text last modified Tue Dec 9 10:48:45 1997.
This page generated on Tue Dec 9 10:51:21 1997 by SiteWeaver.


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Iraq wants air strikes. Hagel says we didn't lose Iraq
A spirited day on the Hill as lawmakers push and military leaders push back on the issue of "Crisis with Isis." (You know, if it wasn't so sad and if people weren't dying by the hundreds, I'd make a silly boxing joke now).
Leo Shane over at the Military Times writes that Chuck Hagel, our DEFSEC, is "visibly frustrated" and says the United States didn't lose a thing when it comes to Iraq. His comments came during a Senate Appropriations hearing. Lawmakers are miffed as are veterans across the nation at the nation that our eight years of sacrifice appears to be vanishing in a matter of days.
"We turned a pretty significant opportunity to the Iraqi people when we phased out. We have done everything we could. But it's up to the Iraqis. . . .I don't think we can assign blame to the U.S. for this."
Okay to a point. I mean, we did train these guys and they folded like a house of cards. Either our training is terrible, they didn't learn a thing or the Iraqis just don't have the spirit that our guys do. You be the judge on that. I think I know where I stand on that.
But Hagel did remind people — and I confess, I forgot — that the US left in 2011 after the government in Iraq would give them legal protections against prosecution for inadvertent shootings or military issues. And it wasn't the training, he said. You can lead a horse to water…
"We can train them to fight. We can equip them to fight," he said. "But the hardest thing to do is to build [military] leaders and have them appropriately supported by a central government."
And at that same hearing, Gen. Martin Dempsey, the head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told the senators that Iraq has formally asked for air strikes to beat back the rebels, who are an offshoot of al Qaeda. And while not decision has been made, he did make this statement:
"the United States' "national security interest (is) to counter (ISIS) where we find them."
The Maliki government was warned, Hagel and Dempsey both said, but they didn't take it seriously. And now we are in the pickle where ISIS is raging across the country, killing seemingly anyone. The Syrian border is all but gone with Iraq. Iran is moving into the country to help the Iraqis (Both governments are predominantly Shia.) And the United States has to figure out what to do without sending in more combat troops as the President has pledged.
Some days, I am glad I am in Peoria.
Author Andy KravetzPosted on June 18, 2014 Categories Iraq, Uncategorized1 Comment on Iraq wants air strikes. Hagel says we didn't lose Iraq
Kyle Carpenter to receive the Medal of Honor tomorrow
Tomorrow, June 19, Cpl. William "Kyle" Carpenter, is expected to receive the nation's highest award for valor, the Medal of Honor, during a ceremony at the White House. He was in Afghanistan with the 2/9 Marines in November 2010, when he threw himself on a grenade to save the lives of his fellow Marines. Truly amazing. So far, eight men have survived to receive the Medal of Honor. A similar number have been awarded posthumously.
U.S. Marine Corps photo via Stars and Stripes
His story has been all over the web and isn't nothing short of amazing. Stars and Stripes has this terrific story:
'The enemy killed me, but I came back'
I love that statement. To me, it sums things up perfectly. His life was forever altered and yet, he adapted, overcame and survived. Hell yes. Cpl. Carpenter. I hope everyone gets a chance to take time off their busy day to watch the ceremony which will be streamed live (as have other ceremonies) from the White House. If you don't get goosebumps watching this, well, you don't care too much about the military or you are just having a bad day.
Check out and honor this brave young man.
Author Andy KravetzPosted on June 18, 2014 Categories Medal of HonorLeave a comment on Kyle Carpenter to receive the Medal of Honor tomorrow
Wanna buy a Sherman Tank for a cool $1.6 million
CNN Money has this fun story about the estate of Jacques Littlefield, a San Francisco man who passed away in 2009 and owned dozens of military vehicles. He created the Military Vehicle Technology Foundation which compromised of demilitarized tanks, rockets and what not. And Here's their Web site.
Anyway, a hundred or so of these vehicles are going to be auctioned off soon to raise money for a military museum. I guess they are going to get rid of the surplus and keep the gems.
The Sherman above is labeled a "Jumbo Sherman" as it has thicker armor and a bigger gun. You can even get a Scud missile launcher though I don't think they had to be demilitarized much. They didn't work too well in the first place.
Author Andy KravetzPosted on June 18, 2014 Categories Odds and Ends1 Comment on Wanna buy a Sherman Tank for a cool $1.6 million


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In the studio on Fifth Avenue
I've had to take a blogging breather this month, because I've been putting together a solo piano CD, actually my first. I've recorded a lot in the past, of course, but never a complete start-to-finish unaccompanied acoustic piano release. Baby's First Christmas, my all-synthesizer Laserlight CD doesn't count, although it's garnered rave customer reviews on Amazon, where you can snap up used copies for a penny and postage.
A few years ago I decided to take familiar themes from popular classics and transform them into simple, extremely accesible, tuneful and lyrically soothing piano arrangements. A euphemism for New Age, perhaps, and not the most original idea in the world. Still, I had lots of fun when I started the project, and I thought I could toss it off in a couple of days. Yet once I began to sketch out the music (along with more than a few improvised flourishes), I found myself going back to refine a phrase, weigh proportions, rethink registers and textures, and so forth. I tried to catch myself when the left hand loped about in hackneyed slow-moving arpeggiated fifths. In October 2006 I showed a few of these to Philip Glass, and he made an interesting comment. "You probably learned something about your compositional process." He was absolutely right.
April 6th through 9th were blocked out during the day for recording at the Yamaha Artist Salon at 689 Fifth Avenue on an exquisite, deep toned instrument, thanks to Magdalena Baczewska and James Steeber. My old friend and collaborator David Merrill (who hired me to do Baby's First Christmas, by the way) had set his recording equipment up in a back stage area, and off we went.
Much of the time we were able to complete a master in one continuous take, although these were preceded by false starts, or else an otherwise spotless take suddenly detouring right before the end into an exposed wrong note. Yet even when a take went well, David always told me to do at least one more. More often than not, an aborted take might have a more inspired introduction than what you get in the perfect complete take, and why not intercut? Amazingly, my tempos were consistent, which made for easy editing trickery. We completed acceptable takes for thirteen pieces in less than two days, and used the remaining time to re-record alternate versions, just in case.
I took a few days off, then listened with sort-of fresh ears to all of the takes, taking notes. About two-thirds of our original take choices and on-the-spot edited composite versions passed muster. We still need to refine three or four first-choice takes by replacing small sections with their superior counterparts within rejected takes, either for musical reasons or for extra-musical noises that cannot otherwise be edited.
Certainly I'll share the music with you when it's ready.


Burghound 91-93 Points: A much more restrained nose is composed of notes of relatively high-toned red berry fruit, floral and softly spicy aromas that are also trimmed in just enough wood to merit mentioning. The notably finer and more mineral-inflected if less powerful middle weight flavors possess an almost lacy mouth feel while delivering excellent depth and length on the balanced and classy finale. This is lovely juice and well-worth considering.


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Q: The limit of integrals depending on a parameter I have the following problem. The real function $f$ is defined for all $t\geq 1$ by
$$f(t)=\int\limits_1^t\frac{e^{x-t}}{\sqrt{x}}\, dx.$$
I want to show that $$\lim_{t\to+\infty}f(t)=0.$$
I should say that I am not sure that the above convergence holds, but I tried to compute the values of $f$ numerically, and they indeed seem to go to zero.
I have tried to formally exchange the limit and the integral, i.e. $$\lim_{t\to+\infty}f(t)=\lim_{t\to+\infty}\int\limits_1^{\infty}\mathbb{1}_{[1,t]}(x)\frac{e^{x-t}}{\sqrt{x}}\, dx =\int\limits_1^{\infty}\lim_{t\to+\infty}\left(\mathbb{1}_{[1,t]}(x)\frac{e^{x-t}}{\sqrt{x}}  \right)\, dx=\int\limits_1^{\infty}0\, dx=0,$$
where $\mathbb{1}_{[1,t]}$ is an indicator of interval $[1,t]$. The problem is that the monotone convergence theorem cannot be used (no monotonicity) and neither am I able to find an integrable majorant as I always run into $\int\limits_1^{\infty}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\, dx=+\infty.$
Any hints or ideas would be greatly appreciated.

A: Using integration by parts :
$$ \int_1^t\frac{e^x}{\sqrt{x}}dx=\left[\frac{e^x}{\sqrt{x}}\right]_1^t+\frac{1}{2}\int_1^t\frac{e^x}{x^{3/2}}dx $$
Thus
$$ f(t)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}-e^{1-t}+\frac{1}{2}\int_1^t\frac{e^{x-t}}{x^{3/2}}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int_1^t\frac{e^{x-t}}{x^{3/2}}dx+o(1) $$
You can use the dominated convergence on
$$ g_t(x)=\frac{e^{x-t}}{x^{3/2}}1_{[1,t]}(x) $$
because $|g_t(x)|\leqslant\frac{1}{x^{3/2}}\in L^{1}([1,+\infty[)$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When the Interstate by-passes your town.
Route 66 conjures up images for all of us. For some, it may be the TV show from the sixties. Others it may be one of the many songs written about Route 66. For us, like thousands of others, it is the photo opportunities to capture the stylistic signage from the golden days of motor travel.
Much of Route 66 is gone but you can still find remnants in eastern New Mexico and the Texas panhandle.
We had such a good time. Sometimes we couldn't drive a block without stopping to take more pictures. Other times, we were so heat beat that we would hang our heads out the car window and snap a picture.
The irony is sometimes you could hear the traffic noise from the Interstate while you are taking pictures of abandoned businesses on Route 66. This is our homage to those wonderful business signs.