Kuala Lumpur is a city that has fully embraced the contemporary and cutting edge, to deliver incredible sights and experiences to locals and tourists alike. The Malaysian capital's modern skyline sparkles at nightfall, with the stunning Petronas Towers dominating the cityscape with its distinctive charm. Standing alongside this architecture are incredible examples of colonial-era landmark mixed with traditional street food and markets to create a destination like none other in the world.
To help you get the most out of your holiday, we've put together this handy travel guide. We'll be covering everything from the most popular tourist attractions to the most divine and delectable dining options and everything in between to help you plan the trip of a lifetime.
A soaring 451.9 metres in height, Petronas Twin Towers, are among the tallest buildings in the world! Interactive displays and tours allow you to take in the view from atop which is of Kuala Lumpur's mesmerizing skyline. It's breath-taking during the day and dazzling at night.
The KL Bird Park is a must for bird-lovers and for those who want to experience a serene day out. The gardens are home to over 3,000 birds and you're free to stroll through the lush acres to see them, from the Mandarin ducks, to hawk eagles.
If you're feeling more daring, Sunway Lagoon is the place to be. The water park has fun rides and artificial waves while the wildlife park has impressive animal shows with the chance to see white lions, tigers, monkeys, snakes and more.
Whether you want to experience an adrenaline rush like no other, marvel at historical sites or simply get up close and personal with nature, Kuala Lumpur is sure to satisfy every type of traveller.
These twin skyscrapers are both individually among the tallest buildings in the world as well as being the largest twin towers in existence, measuring and eye-watering 378.6 metres (not including the antenna). Also known as the Petronas Twin Towers, this icon of Kuala Lumpur is considered by many to be the crown jewel of the city's stunning skyline and has appeared in several international and Bollywood films: they have even appeared in cartoons and video games. There's plenty to see across no less than 110 floors, including an enormous high-end shopping mall, a park with a children's playground and, of course, its world famous sky bridge. Perhaps most of all, Petronas Towers in known for its incredible views of the city, which are even more spectacular at night.
Another gem on Kuala Lumpur's sparkling skyline, Kuala Lumpur Tower is the 7th tallest freestanding tower in the world, measuring a whopping 421 measures (including its antenna). It's also a place of great religious importance. Its observatory has been used since the nineties as a spot to gaze upon the crescent moon, marking events such as Syawal, Zulhijjah, Ramadhan, Eid al-Adha and more. During the rest of the year however, the observatory is still available to the public, offering amazing views of the city night and day. In fact, if you really want to make a day of it, there's an incredible revolving restaurant where you enjoy some of the best cuisine in Kuala Lumpur as your sit alongside its mesmerising skyline.
Take a trip into the world of the deep blue sea with Aquaria KLCC, which boasts a vast array of marine species, including everything from turtles to sharks. Explore the underground tunnel, where you can see the likes of moon jellyfish, stonefish and hammerhead sharks: it's as close as you can get to their natural habitat without actually being in the ocean yourself. This is a large complex with 33 different elements to see, each dedicated to a different educational experience. Speaking of which, the amount of information that is available during your tour really does take this aquarium to another level, providing everything you could need to not only appreciate these amazing creatures but to learn about their lives as well. It's an experience as educational as it is awe-inspiring.
More than your average art exhibit, this is a journey across the history of the Islamic arts. It includes ever-changing exhibits so depending on when you go, you may get an entirely different experience to someone who went before or after your visit. This is a testament to the sheer amount that they have to show and to the vast influence of Islamic art throughout the world. No matter which exhibit you catch, there's no doubt that it will be to the incredible standards of authenticity for which this museum is known. Don't think this is specifically dedicated to Malaysia either: this is a truly international affair. It shows the global history of Islamic art and how it has influenced the world, including everything from clothes to weaponry, as well as fine arts. The beauty inside is reflected by the stunning architecture of the building itself. This is a stunning day out from the moment you step towards the remarkable Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia.
Calling all bird watchers: the KL Bird Park is the "largest free-flight walk-in aviary" worldwide, spread over a whopping 20.9 acres in the heart of Kuala Lumpur. It it home to over 200 species of birds, the vast majority of which are native to Malaysia, meaning you'll see birds here you'd struggle to find anywhere else. It's a stunning natural habitat that is lush with dense greens and perfect for the study of these beautiful creatures. In fact, the plant life here is so vast that it provides a great shaded area for anyone just looking to get out of the hot Malaysian sun. This is an enormous park, fit to satisfy even the most discerning of nature lovers. You'll want around a half a day to truly appreciate all that's on offer, making this a trip well worth the money.
The stunning architecture of the Sultan Abdul Samad Building gives only a mere glimpse of its country's storied history. This product of British colonialism was built in 1897, having been originally constructed as offices for the then British administration. Its design showcases a mix of influences, from Big Ben for the central clock and its towers from Muir Central College. It stands out like a mirage from another world among Kuala Lumpur's epic modern skyline. Now home to the Malaysian Ministry of Information, Communication and Culture, it's used for several events throughout the year, most significantly Merkada and Malaysia Day, which celebrate the nation's independence. On that day, the building lights up in spectacular fashion as a celebration of this unique land.
There's few better ways to spend a hot summer's day than at Malaysia's premier water park, Sunway Lagoon. Here you'll find everything from rides to acritical waves, suitable for thrill seekers to young children. There's too many individual attractions to mention so here's a quick overview of what's on offer. The Nickelodeon Lost Lagoon is perfect for kids (and adults) who love the famed network's host of colourful characters. This goes beyond a fan service, with rides themed on everyone's favourite shows. Meanwhile, Water Park is filled with high-octane water thrill rides, including slides, an interactive water playground, a 5D multi sensory cinematic experience and Surfs Beach for those looking for a quick swim. Amusement Park features activities perfect for younger children, including a wild west themed "land", while Wildlife Park has over 150 species of animals to see. How many parks can boast their own zoo? Extreme Park lets you enjoy the best white knuckle rides and alternative attraction, such as archery, paintball and pedal boating. Finally, Scream Park is the spookiest spot in Malaysia, best known for its Night of Frights event hosted over every Halloween season.
This is so much more than your ordinary food market. Jalan Alor is a street food extravaganza with virtually every kind of local dish and delicacy. In fact, this district is so large, you'll struggle to experience all of it in one trip. It's a theme park for your taste buds and a must see for anyone who wants to appreciate the best of Malaysia's famed local cuisine. There's something here for all price ranges, from budget dishes to pricier eating experiences but you can guarantee it's all authentic and plenty delicious. It's not just Malaysian food on offer here either, with Chinese, Thai and more found within this busy market. These streets are jam packed, allowing you to dive right into the hustle and bustle of the big city at its purest.
Central Market is a place of great historical and cultural significance. It was first founded in 1888 as a "wet market": a market used specifically for the selling of food goods, such as fresh meat and general produce. It's now a landmark of Malaysia's grand cultural heritage, having been classified as such by the Malaysian Heritage Society in the 1970s. It is still a place filled with great food stalls but now also features stores dedicated to all the ethnic groups that enjoy peace and harmony in Kuala Lumpur. As part of its status as a city landmark, it is also home to art performances throughout the year, which aim to shine a spotlight on this unique society. It's a perfect place to find out more about the history of this great city, as well as get souvenirs unavailable anywhere else.
Found north of Kuala Lumpur, these limestone hills mark the end point of this great city. You'll first be greeted by the Hindu shrine of Lord Murugan, the Hindu god of war and form. As such, the Batu Caves are a place of great religious importance to the people of Kuala Lumpur and this is one of the ten most holy shrines in Malaysia and India. It is the most important site for the Thaipusam Festival, a Hindu festival celebrated by the Tamil community during the Tamil month of Thai. It's also loved by rock climbing enthusiasts, who come for its dizzying heights and world famous paintings of Hindu gods within the Ramayana cave. It's a long climb to the top, with a vast staircase that is not for the faint of heat, but the view of the city make this more than worth the journey.
Crack out your wallet and head to some of Kuala Lumpur's premium shopping districts, offering everything from famous brand names to the most prestigious items around.
This enormous district is the heart of shopping and entertainment in Bintang, BukIt Bitang. It has gone through several renovations in the last few decades, making it one of the coolest spots in the city. A landmark of Kuala Lumpur, it is home to many of the big cultural events of the year, including St Patrick's Day, New Year, Malaysia International Fashion week and more. This is shopping heaven with several of the biggest malls around all in this one area, including Bejjaya Times Square, the 13th biggest shopping mall in the world.
One of the higher-end malls in all of Kuala Lumpur, this features the top luxury brands in the world and is loved by a clientele just as international as the stores. While not suitable for those shopping on a budget, Starhill Gallary is paradise for anyone looking for the cutting edge in fashion, perfumes and some of the very best restaurants in the whole city. There's even cooking classes and spa treatments available, making this more than a mall: it's an adventure.
Opened in 1998, Suria KLCC is one of the largest retail malls in all of Malaysia. It can be found in the iconic Petronas Towers, so you're free to check out that amazing view at the end of your trip! This epic complex is home to over 400 stores, featuring everything from the affordable to the top end of the market. This is a mall for everyone and has enough variety to give customers of all tastes and wallet sizes more bang for their buck. It's also home to several name brand restaurants, so you needn't worry about going hungry after a hard day's shopping.
Kuala Lumpur was founded by Chinese tin miners in 1857.
Kuala Lumpur is fondly known as KL, and its residents are known as KLites.
The Batu Caves are a series of cave temples and has one of the most popular Hindu shrines outside of India including idols of Lord Murugan (God of war) and Lord Hanuman (a symbol of strength and devotion).
This amazing city has an incredible array of dining options, dishing up mouth-watering recipes from across the globe that are sure to satisfy every palette.
Truly great, genuine Japanese food is not easy to come by. Ishin Japanese Dining however is here to scratch that culinary itch, featuring world class dishes all cooked and prepared just as it would in its country of origin. Everything here is focused on doing things the Japanese way, including a selection of expertly picked Japanese whiskeys and even classical Japanese music playing in the background. This feels like a culinary embassy with the freshest seafood and a terrifically authentic experience to tantalise all your senses.
Dating back to the early seventies in Florida, Tony Roma's is a name synonymous with great BBQ. The restaurant in Kuala Lumpur is no exception, offering the best of western BBQ cuisine to an international audience, never losing its authentic American flair. Famed for its succulent ribs, Tony Roma's goes above and beyond, offering everything from seafood to excellent dessert and drink options. It's a true taste of the west and perhaps the best.
Aptly named The Steakhouse, this is considered by many to provide the best steak in the city. Their sizzling offerings include world class grilled selections at reasonable prices, finding them fans from across the globe. That's not all that's on offer here though, with everything from soup to foie gras being held to their exquisite standards. The service here is also excellent, easily living up to the expectations set by their incredible food and drinks menu.
This all day, upmarket buffet serves an incredible array of international dishes, all of an astonishing high quality, which is remarkable considering the level of variety on offer here. Although it must be said that they are best known for their stunning spread of local foods and delicacies. Everything from east to west is available here, from Japanese to European and everything in between. There's so much on offer so prepare to be spoiled for choice.
Kuala Lumpur is no slouch when it comes to world-class Indian cuisine, It's therefore a testament to the consistently excellent quality of the servings at Bombay Palace that it is considered among the best the city has to offer. The food here is nothing short of excellent and well worth the extra money. It's known for strong spices but if you're someone with a gentler palette, make that known to the waiter and they'll cook recipes especially to your tastes. This is top class personalised dining.
The Atmosphere 360 is a revolving restaurant with an incredible level of quality and service that will leave you in a spin. There's an excellent variety of food available from its buffet, featuring something for everyone to enjoy no matter your preferences. One thing we're sure everyone will have in common though is an appreciation of the incredible city skyline, which is especially dazzling lit up after the sun falls for the evening.
Kuala Lumpur is a city that truly comes into its element at night. As such, it has one of the finest nightlife scenes around, offering everything from elegant cocktail bars to high energy, dazzling clubs where you can dance until the early hours of the morning.
This fantastic venue is not only known for its stunning Italian cuisine, although that is something that does come highly recommended. Marina's on 57 is also famous for its superb array of top shelf cocktails, great music, stunning ambience and some of the best views anywhere in Kuala Lumpur, looking towards the iconic Petronas Twin Towers. Be sure to come here at night to really appreciate what this bar has to offer, with the towers lighting up the night sky against the stunning backdrop of the city.
One of the best and most famous clubs in all of the city, the massive Zouk Club is home to so many different rooms featuring so many styles of music, there's no need to go from club to club anymore. Everything you could possibly want from a night out is right here, no matter what your tastes. Drinks are also very reasonably priced considering how popular this place is. Speaking of which, make sure you get here early to avoid long queues.
As the name would suggest, VIEW Rooftop Bar is known for its stunning city views. There's nothing quite like partying the night away to the sparkling lights of the city. But that's not all it's known for. There's great music here with everything from world class DJs to live bands, depending on the night. No matter when you visit though, you'll be greeted by a rich, vibrant atmosphere. Earlier in the day, it's also a great place to chill out with a beer or cocktail. It's the epitome of elegant fun.
This luxury bar is all about high views and high ceilings. If you're happy to pay a little more for its unique ambience, Skybar is a highlight of Kuala Lumpur's luxury nightlife scene. This place is packed from morning till night and its bustling ambience never fades. It includes a pool and some of the best cocktails the city has to offer, expertly mixed by their friendly staff. Getting the best view of the city lights will cost you but like everything else here, if you're willing to pay a little more, what they offer in return is spectacular.
The weather in Kuala Lumpur is often warm and humid throughout the year and it's important to stay well-hydrated.
If visiting religious temples, shoes are expected to be taken off prior to entering as a sign of respect.
Remember to book tours from verified places as scammers may operate in this region.
It's best to insist that taxi drivers use the meter to avoid scams and unreasonably high charges.
The world famous Shangri La series of hotels are known as one of the top luxury names in hospitality across the world.
The Shangri La Kuala Lumpurmore than matches the expectations set by its namesake. Decorated with a timeless, elegant style from its lobby to your room, this is everything a person imagines when they dream of the pinnacle of five star hotels. Nothing here falls short of spectacular, from the service to the plush greenery that surrounds its pool. Their rooms are spacious, luxurious and masterfully put together. No detail has gone unnoticed by their designers. There's also a fully furnished gym, hot tub, massage facilities, a poolside terrace and six restaurants, ranging from the international to the local, all of it at world class standard… just like everything else here.
If there's one hotel in the whole of Kuala Lumpur that goes beyond expectations, it's the Club Surjana Resort.It's easy to forget you are within a bustling city while surrounding by such rich, tropical value that stretches out beyond the hotel like a stunning green sea in the sky. The hotel is surrounded by world-class golf courses at championship standards, so sport lovers out there will be in golfing paradise. In fact, you'll be in paradise in your incredible rooms as well, which are furnished with teak floors and a terrazzo rain shower and tub. They're all created by an exceptionally renowned designer and it shows. There's also a garden restaurant, complete with European and Asian dishes, along with a tennis court, a spa and much, much more.
Travel back in time with The Majestic Hotel Kuala Lumpur.This classically styled hotel might ooze the ambience of days gone by but it includes everything you would expect from a modern luxury hotel and then some. From its rooms to its pool area, everything here is built to dazzle guests with its glorious fusion of colonial style décor with an elegant modern twist. The onsite restaurant offers some incredible international cuisine, while the Colonial Café serves up exceptional local dishes. Whatever you pick, you'll be guaranteed some world class food to go with your five-star experience. The service here is also excellent, with staff going above and beyond to cater to their guests every need.
The majestic Mandarin Oriental hotel is found between the iconic Petronas Towers and is worthy of being paired with that famous Malaysian landmark. This hotel includes stunningly designed rooms, which perfectly balance good taste with flamboyant luxury. They feature exquisite marble bathrooms, specular views and some of the most comfortable beds you'll ever have the good fortune of laying upon. The rest of the hotel is no less exceptional, with a classical beauty few hotels posses. Amenities here also include a spa, a "mind and body studio", a tennis court, indoor golf course, a fitness and wellness centre and its incredible Mosaic restaurant, alongside its equally impressive Cantonese offering at Lai Po Heen. There's also a bar and lounge area, but perhaps most stunning of all is the incredible view of the flow of greenery that is Kuala Lumpur City Park. You'll find it hard to believe such natural beauty exists in such a busy city.
Talk about making a striking first impression: WOLO Bukit Bintangis one of the coolest looking hotels in all of Kuala Lumpa, no matter the price range. Its name is emblazed on a thick, black strip lining the corner of its reflective upper surface, looking like something that would feel right at home on the streets of Times Square in New York. Its glass sides reflect the clouds as well as the surrounding streets, while below, trees add a dash of nature to the ultra modern exterior. It's a beautiful statement and luckily, the inside does not disappoint either with a contemporary, artful and elegant design. This is carried through into the stunning room décor. This hotel also includes a 24-hour fitness centre, a bar and coffee shop, all of which more than live up to the standard set by the hotel. It's a terrific addition to the incredible city.
It's not only the views that reach up to the clouds, Sky Hotel also has a location, service and value to match the sky high expectations left by its breathless city views. Its lobby is warmly decorated with a seating area as comfortable as the beds that await you in your room. The rooms are rather conservatively designed but they are quite spacious and comfortable. More built for functionality than style, the guestrooms still deliver all the substance you need to make them more than worth the cost. It also includes free Wi-Fi, a computer station, tea and coffee facilities and a fitness centre, all in a convenient location.
Located at the height of Chinatown, you'll struggle to find a hotel this good in such a sought after area anywhere near the price of The 5 Elements Kuala Lumpur.You're right where the action is. You'll be surrounded by plenty of terrific places to eat, including everything from the most authentic local street food to the very best in luxury dining, as well as some of the finest shopping opportunities and most beloved tourist attractions this great city has to offer. Luckily, the hotel itself is no slouch either, offering a service that goes beyond expectation for its price range, which comes in around ₹ 5,307 a night. It features modern décor, well-sized, comfortable rooms with Wi-Fi, tea and coffee facilities and most impressive of all, their astonishing varied and high quality breakfast that is sure to satisfy even the pickiest of eaters.
Found a mere two miles from the famous Berjaya Times Square and within walking distance to the National Museum and the Museum & Antiquity Department is NU Hotel.This budget hotel is located at the heart of Kuala Lumpur, offering supreme value and one of the absolute best for its rate. Its elegant, minimalistic appearance follows you all the way from the lobby to your rooms, which offer top class facilities, including a television and free Wi-Fi, all with a warm, modern décor that keeps it standing out from the pack. The breakfast here is also excellent and can be delivered to your room by their helpful, friendly staff.
If you want to get an authentic local experience on a budget, you'll do no better than the D'Oriental Inn: a low cost hotel that wears its Malaysian heritage with pride. Everything from the entranceway to the room décor is splashed with dashes of that vibrant cultural paintbrush. This is no gimmick. The rooms here are clearly decorated with care and the locally infused designs are masterfully considered to be both elegant and appealing to customers of all backgrounds and tastes. It's also in a terrific location, found in the heart of the Jalan Petaling Night Market and only a few minutes walk from the Central Market. You won't need to travel far to experience the best shopping experience Kuala Lumpur has to offer. Amenities here also includes free Wi-Fi in your room and an onsite restaurant, Noval Hotel Kuala Lumpur is far more colourful, flashier and more flamboyant than what you might expect from a budget hotel. Most hotels at this range focus on offering a straightforward service, complete with blandly decorated rooms and a business-like approach. This is a hotel making a break from all of that. Its rooms are decorated with flair, featuring blood red or lush green backgrounds, all with stylish, modern furnishings. This is the ideal location for those looking for style at a low price, with rooms costing around ₹ 3,755 a night. It's also located within an abundance of local shopping opportunities, particularly useful for those not wanting to travel far to discover the joys of authentic Malaysian street food. The staff are helpful and the breakfast is decent for the price.
The Malaysian capital offers an abundance of fantastic public transport options, meaning you can avoid the hassle of renting a car and negotiating the busy rush hour streets for yourself. While many of the biggest tourist destinations can be reached by foot in the city, you can traverse Kuala Lumpur by metro, bus or taxi if you are planning on going a little further afield.
One of the most popular methods of travel in Kuala Lumpur is the metro. There is a choice of Light Rail Transit LRT) lines here, including the RapidKL, KTM Komuter and Monorail, which reach the furthest corners of the city between them. While these lines are not always connected, they do allow you to explore any destinations, with the RapidKL and KTM Komuter running from the city centre to the suburbs and the KL Monorail expanding across the city centre.
The latter option is likely to be the most appealing to tourists, with services running every 3 to 4 minutes between 6am and 12pm. It is a cheap and convenient way of seeing the biggest and best sights that this city has to offer. However, you should be aware that, as the KL Monorail serves over 5,000 commuters per hour on a normal weekday, it is best to avoid it during rush hour. Please note also that pickpockets operate in this area, so always be aware of your belongings.
If you do opt for journey by LRT, you will find clearly marked and easy to understand maps in every station. These will help you find your destination and metro line with ease. Printed maps are also available at the station counters. Here you can also buy your tickets, which are available from the automated machines as well. Daily passes are available although it is recommended that your purchase a Touch 'N Go card during your visit. This prepaid card can be swiped at the turnstiles, with your fare automatically being deducted for a faster and simpler experience.
If you're planning a trip to somewhere unreachable by metro, you can go by one of Kuala Lumpur's bus services. RapidKL is the largest bus operator in the city but unfortunately, they are still lacking on service, with no routes or timetables available. If possible, it is therefore advised that you board your bus from Puduraya, the city's central station which can be found near Chinatown. Hundreds of different services depart here every day, spanning across the city and beyond to neighbouring districts.
No matter which bus you catch though, always remember to pay for your fare as you enter the bus or in advance at the station's automated machines. If you do pay the driver though, please be considerate and give exact change if possible.
If you're sticking to sightseeing in the city, the Hop-on, Hop-off busses are a must. These bight and colourful vehicles depart from more than 20 locations, giving you a hassle-free way to reach the most popular attractions and shopping destinations around the centre. Tickets can be purchased at the Hop-on, Hop-off counter, which can be found at the station in front of the mall Lot10 in Jalan Bukit Bintang. You can also pay for your fare on board the bus.
If you're willing to fork out a little more for luxury and the convenience of being dropped off at your destination's door step, then taxi is your best bet. You won't be short on options here, with an array of different cabs vying for your service. Drivers can often be reluctant to use their meters though, especially around tourist destinations, closing times and for journeys outside of the main city. It is therefore important that you always ask your driver to turn their meter on (e.g. to "flag down") or negotiate a set fee before you start your journey.
While some drivers will try to overcharge tourists, taxis in Kuala Lumpur do tend to be an affordable option, with trips in the city centre costing around ₹ 240 on the meter. Taxi rides after midnight are also subject to a 50% surcharge.
The charm of Kuala Lumpur is in the fantastic sites, incredible food, and vibrant neighborhoods. Every nook and cranny seems to hold a new discovery. Climb the 272 steps to the Hindu temple inside Batu Caves, or wander the markets enjoying food from all over Asia. In Kuala Lumpur, a small walk can turn into a grand adventure.
Kuala Lumpur experiences no cool season, with warm climates being enjoyed all year round in the city. However, this does mean that rain can fall during any month, with storms usually rolling in during the morning or late afternoon. While these can be inconvenient, they do often bring some relief from the hot Malaysian sun.
If you want to experience the city in the least humid climates and most comfortable temperatures, it is recommended that you plan your visit between May through to July.
If you're feeling excited by everything you've read and can't wait to jet off to this Malaysian capital, then the first step is to book your plane tickets. At Expedia, we offer you the best prices on all journeys, so browse now and start planning your incredible Asian experience.


Whether it's tender and tasty short-grain, astonishingly fragrant basmati or superchewy red, brown and black varieties, rice is one salad ingredient that does not deteriorate when dressed. It absorbs and thrives on the addition of liquids.
Cook rice in abundant salted water, as you would pasta, until it's just done; white rice will take 10 to 15 minutes, brown 30 or a little longer. Drain, rinse in cold water, drain again, then combine with vegetables and tofu in a large bowl.
Put black pepper, miso, water or sake, sugar, mirin or honey, and vinegar in a small bowl, and whisk together. Taste, and add more vinegar and a pinch of salt, if needed.
Combine rice mixture with miso dressing with 2 big forks, fluffing rice and tossing gently to separate grains.
Crumble nori over salad and sprinkle with sesame seeds, taste, and adjust seasoning or moisten with a little more dressing. Serve at room temperature, or refrigerate for up to a day, bringing salad back to room temperature before serving.


Encyclopedias are the cornerstones of a library's reference collection, but traditional encyclopedia publishing has been transformed over the past several years. Join Reference Books Bulletin editor Mary Ellen Quinn for an up-close look at how encyclopedias have changed. Joseph Janes, Associate Professor, The Information School, University of Washington, will discuss why encyclopedias exist, what they do, what they tell us, and how they've evolved. Representatives from Encyclopædia Britannica, Grolier, and World Book will also talk about and demonstrate their newest encyclopedia models. Since general encyclopedias range from the elementary to the scholarly, there's something here for librarians from every type of library.
Sarah Bright, Director, Digital Products, World Book, Inc.


Below is an excerpt from "How To Wear Fall's Pastel Pink Trend (And Look Like a Stylish Adult)," which originally appeared on StyleCaster. Read the full story at stylecaster.com.
The verdict is in: Pastel pink has taken over as fall 2013′s biggest color trend. Yes ladies, pink is officially chic. We spotted pink dresses, pink outerwear, pink tailored separates, and even basic pink sportswear on the fall runways, with designers such as Carven, Moschino, and even stoic Prada jumping aboard the pink train. Topshop showcased the hue in head-to-toe looks! In each case, however, the labels managed to counterbalance the shade's inherent sweetness with innovative, modern silhouettes. So, how can you get away with wearing a color typically associated with princesses, ballerinas, and 4-year-old girls? Here, we show you how to wear pastel pink right (and still look like a stylish adult).
MORE ON STYLECASTER:• The 25 Best Street Style Blogs• 101 Fashion Tricks and Tips Every Girl Should Know• Gisele Bundchen's Net Worth: How Rich Is She Really?


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Corey Widen, right, of Wilmette, sees off her 8-year-old daughter as she walks the family dog, Marshmallow, on Aug. 20, 2018.
Just after returning home from a walk around the block with her dog, Marshmallow, an 8-year-old Wilmette girl expected a visit from a playmate. Instead, police officers arrived at the family's door.
An anonymous caller had contacted police after seeing the girl walking the dog alone, said her mother, Corey Widen. While police never pursued charges, the seemingly common activity launched an Illinois Department of Children and Family Services investigation to see if Widen was neglecting her children, she said.
Widen's story is not unique. Mothers in the Chicago area and across the country have found themselves at the center of investigations by police or child welfare officials after their children were spotted alone but unharmed — playing in parks or left for minutes in a car parked outside a store — activities that could pass for typical or harmless but now are perceived by some as unacceptable.
When Chicago author Kim Brooks decided to leave her then-4-year-old son in the car for a few minutes on a cool day to run an errand, she was shocked when a stranger called police to report it.
Brooks, who was visiting her parents in her Virginia hometown when the incident occurred about six years ago, eventually completed community service and parenting classes in exchange for prosecutors there agreeing not to pursue misdemeanor charges, she said.
The 40-year-old Edgewater mother wrote about her experience in a new book, "Small Animals: Parenthood in the Age of Fear," out Tuesday. She said she has heard from other mothers who have had similar experiences — all reported by someone who thought their children were in danger when they weren't actually at risk.
Even if mothers are eventually cleared by police or child welfare officials — which Widen says happened in her case — the families are unnecessarily put through invasive and stressful investigations that are a waste of time and resources, experts say, adding that the problem stems from vague laws that often ensnare well-meaning parents who are trying to give their children freedom or responsibility.
And the expectation that mothers should keep a constant eye on their children, even when there's little to no real risk, is one that does not often extend to fathers, said Barbara Risman, sociology professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
But those charged with investigating child abuse and neglect cases say it's important to thoroughly check out all allegations, and it's hard to create a system that doesn't have at least some level of subjectivity.
But DCFS investigations are separate from criminal ones; even if police decide a parent has not broken the law, there could still be child welfare repercussions.
DCFS last year revised some of its rules pertaining to inadequate supervision cases, now offering clearer definitions. As part of a settlement this year in a class action lawsuit brought by parents who say they were wrongfully cited for neglect under the previous rules, some parents may now request a review and possibly get their citations withdrawn, Skene said. That's important because if DCFS has made a finding of neglect, there are consequences included being barred from certain job or volunteer opportunities.
The revised rules have made things "a little more fair now," said Sara Gilloon, the center's director of legal services, but "nobody can stop someone from calling police" or DCFS.
That's what happened to Natasha Felix, a Chicago single mother. A passer-by's call to a DCFS hotline sparked a two-year battle that eventually ended with the Illinois Appellate Court throwing out a child neglect citation. The caller in 2013 saw Felix's three children, ages 5 to 11, and their 9-year-old cousin playing in a park, unaware that Felix had been checking on them from the window of her Ukrainian Village apartment every 10 minutes.
Similarly, in December 2007, Tinley Park mother Ellen "Treffly" Coyne was arrested after she briefly left her sleeping toddler in a parked car outside a Crestwood store so Coyne and her other children could drop change into a Salvation Army kettle. The charges were dropped a few months later.
After similar stories of responsible parents charged with neglect for letting their children go to playgrounds alone, Utah legislators last May voted to protect certain parenting freedoms by revising that state's child neglect law. The first-of-its-kind, so-called "free-range parenting law" now specifically lists certain parenting rights, like allowing children to play at the park unsupervised, walk to and from school alone, and sit unattended in a parked car — all under certain conditions.
When Wilmette police arrived at Corey Widen's door on Aug. 2, they inquired about the age of her daughter and how long she had been gone on her walk, Widen said. After hearing Widen's answers, police determined she had done nothing wrong, Deputy Chief Pat Collins said.
DCFS officials said a call came into the department's hotline reporting that the child was 5 years or younger. After investigating, DCFS found that the allegations were unfounded and closed the case. "We don't control the calls that come into our hotline. Something made someone think there was a concern, and we don't know without checking it out," a DCFS spokeswoman said.
Widen said the incident has caused her entire family stress after DCFS investigators visited her home, and talked to her children, other family members and their pediatrician. After about two weeks and several interviews, investigators told Widen's attorney last week that they did not find evidence of neglect, Widen said.


Linoleum is a practical and fairly affordable flooring. However, it does have a few drawbacks. First, if the floor is cleaned poorly, on the linoleum visible stains, and secondly, various stains from accidentally spilled medicines or other dyes is quite difficult to withdraw from its surface. To the flooring that lasts a long time, for it needs careful care.
Need dry cleaning linoleum broom or vacuum cleaner before you begin wet cleaning.
Wash the linoleum is warm but not hot water with a neutral cleaner. After washing, Polish the coating with a dry soft cloth for the floor. Read the composition used for the care of linoleum tools. He hates soda, alcohol and various acids.
Try to apply known folk remedy to add Shine to linoleum. Cool the water in which potatoes are cooked; it must be unsalted. Use it to wipe the floor.
Get stains from iodine, coffee, or a children's felt-tip pen with linoleum you will help kerosene, gasoline or turpentine. All these substances are harmful to the coating, so they must be used in minimal quantities, slightly dropping on a soft cloth and gently wiping the stain.
Bring back the old linoleum to its former glory using a mixture of water and milk in the ratio 1:1. After the wash make a polished cover special care products sold in stores household chemicals.
Remove white residue from linoleum with the help of funds for the destruction of plaque in the bathroom, such as Cif, Silit, etc. you Can gently clean the most soiled powders like Comet or pemolyuks. Simple contamination is removed by simply washing with the addition of funds Mr. Proper, Mr. Muscle etc.
If contamination is very strong and not give in to any influences, try to prepare the following composition: mix 200 grams of vodka, a bit of Comet powder and a liter of water. Wipe these composition problem areas, then rinse the floor with clean water.
Try not to scratch the linoleum, legs of furniture or other sharp objects, avoid contact with the coating burning cigarettes or matches, put at the entrance to the house mats.
Use a vacuum cleaner for cleaning textured linoleum, the pattern of which is clogged with dirt.


text:
Analog Devices Semiconductor Electronic Components Datasheet
ADP196 Datasheet
High-Side Power Switch
Low RDSON: 10 mΩ (WLCSP) or 27 mΩ (LFCSP)
Wide input voltage range: 1.8 V to 5.5 V
Quick output discharge (QOD) circuit (ADP196-01)
3 A continuous operating current to 70°C
1.2 V logic-compatible enable input
Low 25 μA quiescent current, VIN = 1.8 V
Overtemperature and overcurrent protection
Ultralow shutdown current: <1 μA
Ultrasmall 1.0 mm × 1.5 mm, 0.5 mm pitch, 6-ball WLCSP
Tiny 2.0 mm × 2.0 mm × 0.55 mm, 0.65 mm pitch, 6-lead LFCSP
5 V, 3 A, Logic Controlled
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
VIN VOUT
EN OFF
OVERCURRENT
AND SLEW RATE
OVERTEMPERATURE
Digital cameras and audio devices
Portable and battery-powered equipment
The ADP196 is a high-side load switch designed for operation
from 1.8 V to 5.5 V. This load switch provides power domain
isolation, helping to extend battery operation. The device contains
a low on-resistance, N-channel MOSFET that supports more
than 3 A of continuous current and minimizes power loss. In
addition, RDSON is constant, independent of the VIN voltage.
The low 25 μA quiescent current and ultralow shutdown current
make the ADP196 ideal for battery-powered portable equipment.
The built-in level shifter for enable logic makes the ADP196
compatible with many processors and GPIO controllers.
Overtemperature protection circuitry is activated if the junction
temperature exceeds 125°C, thereby protecting the ADP196 and
downstream circuits from potential damage. Overcurrent pro-
tection is provided in the form of constant current limiting.
The ADP196-01 incorporates an internal quick output discharge
circuit to discharge the output capacitance when the ADP196-01
http://www.DataSheet4U.net/
output is disabled.
The ADP196 in the WLCSP package occupies minimal printed
circuit board (PCB) area with a footprint of less than 1.5 mm2
and a height of 0.60 mm.
The ADP196 is available in an ultrasmall, 1.0 mm × 1.5 mm,
0.5 mm pitch, 6-ball WLCSP and a 2.0 mm × 2.0 mm × 0.55 mm,
0.65 mm pitch, 6-lead LFCSP.
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
©2013 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
www.analog.com
datasheet pdf - http://www.DataSheet4U.net/
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Applications....................................................................................... 1
Typical Application Circuit ............................................................. 1
General Description ......................................................................... 1
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
Timing Diagram ........................................................................... 3
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4
Thermal Resistance ...................................................................... 4
ESD Caution.................................................................................. 4
Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ........................... 5
3/13—Revision 0: Initial Version
Typical Performance Characteristics ..............................................6
Theory of Operation .........................................................................9
Applications Information .............................................................. 10
Capacitor Selection .................................................................... 10
Ground Current.......................................................................... 10
Enable Feature ............................................................................ 10
Timing.......................................................................................... 11
Current-Limit and Thermal Overload Protection................. 11
Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 12
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 12
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 12
Part Number ADP196
Description High-Side Power Switch
Maker Analog Devices
ADP196 Datasheet PDF
1 ADP190 High-Side Power Switch
6 ADP197 3A Logic Controlled High-Side Power Switch Mobile phones
7 ADP1972 PWM Controller
8 ADP1974 Synchronous PWM Controller
9 ADP198 High-Side Load Switch

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


These acrylic desiccator cabinets can be used in refrigerators or at room temperature for dry storage of moisture-sensitive materials.
BEL-ART SECADOR AMBER 3.0 AUTO-DESICCATOR CABINET; 230V, 1.6 CU. FT. BEL-ART SECADOR AMBER 3.0 GAS-PURGE DESICCATOR CABINET; 1.6 CU. FT. BEL-ART CLEAR ACRYLIC DESICCATOR CABINET; 0.36 CU. FT BEL-ART SECADOR CLEAR 4.0 HORIZONTAL PROFILE GAS-PURGE DESICCATOR CABINET; 1.9 CU. FT.
BEL-ART SECADOR AMBER 3.0 VERTICAL DESICCATOR CABINET; 1.6 CU. FT. BEL-ART BRONZE ACRYLIC DESICCATOR CABINET; 0.82 CU. FT Bel-Art Lab Companion Clear Polycarbonate Round Style Vacuum Desiccator; 10 Liter BEL-ART SECADOR AMBER 2.0 AUTO-DESICCATOR CABINET; 230V, 1.2 CU. FT.


text:
What is school for?
Seems like a simple question, but given how much time and money we spend on it, it has a wide range of answers, many unexplored, some contradictory. I have a few thoughts about education, how we use it to market ourselves and compete, and I realized that without a common place to start, it's hard to figure out what to do.
So, a starter list. The purpose of school is to:
Become an informed citizen
Be able to read for pleasure
Be trained in the rudimentary skills necessary for employment
Do well on standardized tests
Homogenize society, at least a bit
Pasteurize out the dangerous ideas
Give kids something to do while parents work
Teach future citizens how to conform
Teach future consumers how to desire
Build a social fabric
Create leaders who help us compete on a world stage
Generate future scientists who will advance medicine and technology
Learn for the sake of learning
Help people become interesting and productive
Defang the proletariat
Establish a floor below which a typical person is unlikely to fall
Find and celebrate prodigies, geniuses and the gifted
Make sure kids learn to exercise, eat right and avoid common health problems
Teach future citizens to obey authority
Teach future employees to do the same
Increase appreciation for art and culture
Teach creativity and problem solving
Minimize public spelling mistakes
Increase emotional intelligence
Decrease crime by teaching civics and ethics
Increase understanding of a life well lived
Make sure the sports teams have enough players
If you have the email address of the school board or principals, perhaps you'll forward this list to them (and I hope you are in communication with them regardless, since it's a big chunk of your future and your taxes!). Should make an interesting starting point for a discussion.
As you consider marketing yourself for your next gig, consider the difference between process and content.
Content is domain knowledge. People you know or skills you've developed. Playing the piano or writing copy about furniture sales. A rolodex of movers in a given industry, or your ability to compute stress ratios in your head.
Domain knowledge is important, but it's (often) easily learnable.
Process, on the other hand, refers to the emotional intelligence skills you have about managing projects, visualizing success, persuading other people of your point of view, dealing with multiple priorities, etc. This stuff is insanely valuable and hard to learn. Unfortunately, it's usually overlooked by headhunters and HR folks, partly because it's hard to accredit or check off in a database.
Venture capitalists like hiring second or third time entrepreneurs because they understand process, not because they can do a spreadsheet.
As the world changes ever faster, as industries shrink and others grow, process ability is priceless. Figure out which sort of process you're world-class at and get even better at it. Then, learn the domain… that's what the internet is for.
One of the reasons that super-talented people become entrepreneurs is that they can put their process expertise to work in a world that often undervalues it.
What would a professional do?
Every day, you do a hundred or a thousand jobs, some of which are occasionally handled by specialists. You make a sales call or give a presentation or answer the phone… you design a slide or create a simple spreadsheet. You get the idea.
When you are busy being a jack of all trades, you're competing against professionals. The recipient of your work doesn't care that you are also capable of doing other things. All she wants is the best she can get.
I'll define a professional as a specialist who does industry standard work for hire. A professional presenter, for example, could give a presentation on anything, not just the topic on which you're passionate about.
When you compete with professionals, you have a problem, because generally speaking, they're better at what they do than you are.
I think there are four valid ways the think your way out of this situation:
Hire a professional.
Be as good as a professional.
Realize that professional-quality work is not required or available and merely come close.
Do work that a professional wouldn't dare do, and use this as an advantage.
The first option requires time and money you might not have, and I'm presuming that's why you didn't do it in the first place.
The second is a smart option, particularly if you do the work often and the quality matters. Slide design and selling are two examples that come to mind here. The first step to getting good is admitting that you aren't (yet.) Invest the time and become a pro if it's important.
The third option is worth investigation, but it's what you've probably already decided without putting words to it. Is the assumption really true? Does your customer/client/employee actually believe that they haven't been shortchanged by your amateur performance? It is costing you in ways you're not measuring because you're willfully ignoring the consequences? Think of all the sub-pro experiences you've had as a customer, instances where someone was pretending to be a chef or a bartender or a computer jock but just came up short… Were you delighted?
The fourth option is really exciting. From personal YouTube videos to particularly poignant and honest presentations or direct and true sales pitches, the humility, freshness and transparency that comes with an honest performance might actually be better than what a professional could do. Harvey Milk was an amateur politician, not a pro. If you're the only person on earth who could have done what you just did, then you're a proud amateur.
You can't skate by when you refuse to mimic a professional. You must connect in a personal, lasting way that matters. That's difficult, but the professionals have no chance to compete with you.
Be an amateur on purpose, not because you have to.
Take the ball and go home
Bullies can't be bullies when they are alone.
If you work with a bully, this is all you need to know. They need you.
A bully is someone who uses physical or psychological force to demean and demoralize someone else. A bully isn't challenging your ideas, or working with you to find a better outcome. A bully is playing a game, one that he or she enjoys and needs. You're welcome to play this game if it makes you happy, but for most people, it will make you miserable. So don't.
The way to work with a bully is not to try to please her or to question the quality of your work or to appease her or to hide from her.
The way to work with a bully is to take the ball and go home. First time, every time.
When there's no ball, there's no game. Bullies hate that. So they'll either behave so they can play with you or they'll go bully someone else.
Call her on her behavior (not who she is, but what she does). "I'm sorry, but when you talk to me like that, I'm unable to do good work. I'll be in my office if you need me." Then walk out, not in a huff, but with a measure of respect for the person (not the behavior).
This is a shocking piece of advice. It might even get you fired. But it will probably save your job and your sanity. Most bullies are deeply unhappy and you might just save their skin. If you're good at what you do, you deserve better than a bully.
Creativity and stretching the sweatshirt
What does it mean to be creative?
You could watch the most non-creative, linear-thinking, do-it-by-the-book cop work to solve a crime and you'd be amazed at how creative her solutions seem to be. Creative for you, because you've never been in that territory before, it's all new, it's all at the edges. Boring for her, because it's the same thing she does every time. It's not creative at all.
For me, creativity is the stuff you do at the edges. But the edges are different for everyone, and the edges change over time. If you visualize the territory you work in as an old Boston Bruins sweatshirt, realize that over time, it stretches out, it gets looser, the edges move away. Stuff that would have been creative last year isn't creative at all today, because it's not near the edges any more.
This gives you two useful tactics for problem solving:
1. If you want to be creative, understand that you'll need to get to the edges, even if the edges have moved. Being creative means immediately going to the place the last person left off.
2. If you are "not creative," if you are the sort of person that gets uncomfortable being creative or has been persuaded you're not capable, don't worry about it. Just stretch the sweatshirt in your spare time, watch the creative things other people have done, keep up with the state of the art. Then, when you do your "not creative" thing, most people will think it's pretty creative indeed.
The goals you never hear about
Doing goal setting with friends and colleagues is always motivating and invigorating for me. You hear things ranging from, "I want to help this village get out of poverty," or "I want to double our market share," or "I want to be financially independent."
What you rarely hear is, "I don't want to fail," "I don't want to look stupid," or "I don't want to make any mistakes."
The problem is that those goals are really common, and left unsaid, they dominate. If your goal is not to be called on in class, that's a largely achievable goal, right?
Think about how often your goal at a conference or a meeting or in a project is, "don't screw up!" or "don't make a fool of yourself and say the wrong thing." These are very easy goals to achieve, of course. Just do as little as possible. The problem is that they sabotage your real goals, the achievement ones.
It's not stupid to have a stated goal of starting several ventures that will fail, or asking three stupid questions a week, or posting a blog post that the world disagrees with. If you don't have goals like this, how exactly are you going to luck into being remarkable?
Jeff Jarvis' new book
It's out this week. I strongly recommend you give it a look.
Anatomy of a campaign
The box just said "Scharffen Berger" on the return label.
I opened it up and there was a simple hand-written note. It said, "Seth, have you ever tasted a chocolate bar like this before? Regards, Raymond Major." His business card was stapled to the note. His title? Senior Staff Scientist.
Attached: exactly one three-ounce chocolate bar, in grey cardboard. The bar itself was wrapped in a waxed-paper like substance, hand folded with a label.
And the chocolate (Tome-Acu 68%) was mind-blowingly good.
Handmade, anticipated and wonderful. From a division of Hershey!
So, what exactly happened here?
They know me. I met John, the founder, years and years ago, and he gave me a plant tour and the story of his product blew me away.
I read John's book. He was true and authentic and inspiring.
I wrote something negative about an engagement with their customer service folks on my blog and they reached out and we had a great conversation on the phone.
The note they sent was hand written.
It was from not just a scientist, but from the senior scientist.
The chocolate was clearly a limited, special item.
And, yes, the chocolate was terrific. Better than terrific.
So, you ask, what if I (the marketer) don't know the blogger or the reporter? What if I don't have permission? What if they don't care about me? What if my product is mediocre?
Alas, the answer isn't good. The answer is: tough. Is this an unreasonable expectation? Lengths too great to have to go to? Well, it's cheaper than buying an ad on the Super Bowl or even buying shelf space at the Safeway.
The way to win is to make things that tiny (or large!) groups want to talk about, or care about, or engage in. That's the story that spreads.
PS as I finished writing this, I got a letter in the mail at home from the local Mexican restaurant. They probably purchased the address of every single person in town from a mailing list broker. It's cheap. Add a stamp and a return address that's interesting (why are they writing to me) and I'll open it.
It was a letter apologizing to the town for how lousy the restaurant had been since it opened three months ago and how hard they were working to fix it and how much they appreciated everyone's feedback. It had a real name at the bottom, a phone number and a $10 gift certificate attached. Wow.
Good guys finish…
I got a note yesterday that said, "I'll be curious to know if it's possible to succeed and to stay clean as I see a lot of dirty "crooks" out there. I am trying to work with good ethics, but I see a lot of successful people talking/teaching "black Hats" strategies that scare me."
Spiritual business is an interesting concept. Is what you do all day at work part of who you are? Is it possible to be a deceitful crook all week but a good person on the weekend?
Can you succeed financially by acting in an ethical way?
I think the Net has opened both ends of the curve. On one hand, black hat tactics, scams, deceit and misdirection are far easier than ever to imagine and to scale. There are certainly people quietly banking millions of dollars as they lie and cheat their way to traffic and clicks.
On the other hand, there's far bigger growth associated with transparency. When your Facebook profile shows years of real connections and outreach and help for your friends, it's a lot more likely you'll get that great job.
When your customer service policies delight rather than enrage, word of mouth more than pays your costs. When past investors blog about how successful and ethical you were, it's a lot easier to attract new investors.
The Net enlarges the public sphere and shrinks the private one. And black hats require the private sphere to exist and thrive. More light = more success for the ethical players.
In a competitive world, then, one with increasing light, the way to win is not to shave more corners or hide more behavior, because you're going against the grain, fighting the tide of increasing light. In fact, the opposite is true. Individuals and organizations that can compete on generosity and fairness repeatedly defeat those that only do it grudgingly.
Lonely, scared & bitter


text:
Soviet-Empire.com U.S.S.R. and communism historical discussion.
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Opinions on Josip Broz Tito and Titoism
Opinions on Titosim
Tito was a good leader and Titoism was a good system.
Tito was a poor leader but Titoism was a good system.
Tito was a good leader but Titosim was a poor system.
Tito was a bad leader and Titoism was a poor system.
[+-]
Soviet cogitations: 11879
Defected to the U.S.S.R.: 06 Dec 2009, 23:17
Philosophized
It is actally no surprise that a Jucheist would find Tito good.
After all didn't Kim Il Sung praise him to high heavens? Did Ceausescu not have good relations with Pyongyang too?
Birds of "national communist" feather stick together i guess...
Soviet cogitations: 4953
Defected to the U.S.S.R.: 13 Feb 2008, 15:25
Ideology: Other Leftist
Politburo
That's pretty funny coming from you mister ultra sectarian Hoxhaist.
Voted "Tito was a good leader and Titoism was a good system". I have some criticisms of Tito and "Titoism", but on the whole, I think it was a legitimate attempt at building Socialism.
Mabool
Defected to the U.S.S.R.: 14 Jul 2008, 20:01
Ideology: Trotskyism
In general, I support the leadership of the socialist states (except for obvious exceptions like Gorbachev or Ceausescu) on what could be called a personal level, because they were obviously communists, fellow comrades who meant well, even though they made several severe mistakes. Tito is no exception, so I voted Tito was a good leader but Titosim was a poor system.
"Don't know why i'm still surprised with this shit anyway." - Loz
Why is it funny?
You also get +points for unprovoked personal attacks against me.
MEETING OF THE INFORMATION BUREAU OF COMMUNIST PARTIES IN HUNGARY IN THE LATTER HALF OF NOVEMBER 1949
COMMUNIST PARTY OF YUGOSLAVIA IN THE POWER OF ASSASSINS AND SPIES — RESOLUTION OF THE INFORMATION BUREAU
The Information Bureau, consisting of representatives of the Communist Party of Bulgaria, the Rumanian Workers' Party, the Hungarian Workers' Party, the Polish United Workers' Party, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), the French Communist Party, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the Italian Communist Party, having discussed the question, "The Communist Party of Yugoslavia in the Power of Assassins and Spies," unanimously reached the following conclusions:
Whereas the Meeting of the Information Bureau of Communist Parties in June 1948 placed on record that the Tito-Rankovic clique had abandoned democracy and Socialism for bourgeois nationalism, in the period that has elapsed since that meeting of the Information Bureau this clique have definitely passed from bourgeois nationalism to fascism and outright betrayal of the national interests of Yugoslavia.
Recent developments have shown that the Yugoslav government is in a state of complete dependence on foreign imperialist circles and has become a tool of their aggressive policy, which has resulted in the liquidation of the sovereignty and independence of the Yugoslav Republic. The Central Committee of the Party and the government of Yugoslavia have completely joined forces with the imperialist circles against the entire camp of Socialism and democracy, against the Communist Parties of the whole world, and against the People's Democracies and the U.S.S.R.
The Belgrade clique of hired spies and assassins have openly formed a compact with imperialist reaction and entered its service, as the Budapest trial of Rajk-Brankov made perfectly clear.
This trial showed that the present Yugoslav rulers have deserted the camp of democracy and Socialism for the camp of capitalism and reaction, have become direct abettors of the instigators of a new war, and are endeavouring by their treacherous deeds to earn the praise of, and curry favour with the imperialists.
The desertion of the Tito clique to fascism is not fortuitous; it was done at the orders of their masters, the British and American imperialists, whose hirelings, as is now known, they have been for long.
The Yugoslav traitors, in obedience to the wishes of the imperialists, made it their purpose to recruit in the People's Democracies political gangs consisting of reactionary, nationalist, clerical and fascist elements, and, with their support, to effect counterrevolutionary coups in these countries, sever them from the Soviet Union and the entire socialist camp and subordinate them to the forces of imperialism. The Tito clique converted Belgrade into a centre of American espionage and anti-Communist propaganda.
When all sincere friends of peace, democracy and Socialism look upon the U.S.S.R. as a mighty stronghold of Socialism, as a loyal and steadfast protector of the liberty and independence of peoples, as the main buttress of peace, the Tito-Rankovic clique, having climbed to power under the mask of friends of the U.S.S.R., have, at the behest of the American and British imperialists, started a campaign of calumny and provocation against the Soviet Union, utilizing the most dastardly fabrications borrowed from the arsenal of the Hitlerites.
The conversion of the Tito-Rankovic clique into direct agents of imperialism and abettors of the warmongers was consummated by the open adhesion of the Yugoslav government to the imperialist bloc in the United Nations, where the Kardeljs, Djilases and Belblersact in a united front with the American reactionaries on major questions of international policy.
In the sphere of home policy, the principal outcome of the activities of the traitorous Tito-Rankovic clique is the actual liquidation of the people's democratic system in Yugoslavia.
As a result of the counterrevolutionary policy of the Tito-Rankovic clique, who have usurped power in the party and the state, an anti-Communist police regime of the fascist type has been installed in Yugoslavia. The social basis of this regime consists of the kulaks in the countryside and the capitalist elements in the towns. Power in Yugoslavia is in fact in the hands of anti-popular, reactionary elements. Active members of the old bourgeois parties, kulaks and other elements hostile to people's democracy are ensconced in the central and local government bodies. The ruling fascist clique maintain their power with the help of an inordinately inflated military and police machine, by means of which they oppress the peoples of Yugoslavia, have turned the country into a military camp, wiped out the democratic rights of the working people and suppress every free expression of opinion.
The Yugoslav rulers demagogically and brazenly deceive the people when they allege that they are building Socialism in Yugoslavia. It is clear to every Marxist that there can be absolutely no question of building Socialism in Yugoslavia when the Tito clique have broken with the Soviet Union and the entire camp of Socialism and democracy, thereby depriving Yugoslavia of the chief support in building Socialism, and when they have subordinated the country economically and politically to the American and British imperialists.
The state-owned sector in Yugoslavia's economy has ceased to be the property of the people, since the state power is in the hands of enemies of the people. The Tito-Rankovic clique are providing wide opportunities for the penetration of foreign capital into the country's economy and have placed it under the control of capitalist monopolies. American and British industrial and financial circles are investing capital in the Yugoslav economy and are transforming Yugoslavia into an agrarian and raw-material adjunct of foreign capital. Yugoslavia's increasing bondage to imperialism is leading to the intensified exploitation, and severe deterioration of the conditions, of the working class.
The policy of the Yugoslav rulers in the countryside is of a kulak-capitalist character. The pseudo-cooperatives forcibly instituted in the countryside are controlled by the kulaks and their agents, and are an instrument far the exploitation of the broad mass of the labouring peasants.
The Yugoslav hirelings of imperialism, having seized the leadership of the Yugoslav Communist Party, unloosed a campaign of terror against the genuine Communists who are loyal to the principles of Marxism-Leninism and are struggling to make Yugoslavia independent of the imperialists. Thousands of Yugoslav patriots devoted to Communism have been expelled from the party and incarcerated in prison and concentration camp, while many have been tortured and murdered in jail or nefariously assassinated, like the well-known Yugoslav Communist Arso Jovanovic. The ruthlessness with which staunch champions of Communism are exterminated in Yugoslavia can only be compared with the brutalities of the Hitler fascists or of the butchers Tsaldaris in Greece and Franco in Spain.
While expelling from the ranks of the party Communists who are loyal to proletarian internationalism and annihilating them, the Yugoslav fascists have thrown the doors of the party wide open to bourgeois and kulak elements.
As a result of the fascist terror of the Tito gang against the healthy forces in the Yugoslav Communist Party, the leadership of the party is now wholly in the hands of spies and assassins, hirelings of imperialism. The Yugoslav Communist Party has fallen under the control of counterrevolutionary forces that presume to speak and act in the name of the party. We know that it is an old method of the bourgeoisie to recruit spies and provocateurs in the ranks of working-class parties. The imperialists endeavour by this means to undermine these parties from within and bring them under their control. This they have succeeded in doing in Yugoslavia.
The fascist ideology, and the fascist home policy, like the treacherous foreign policy, of the Tito clique, which are entirely governed by foreign imperialist circles, have dug a chasm between the Tito-Rankovic clique of spies and fascists and the fundamental interests of the freedom-loving Yugoslav peoples. This is why the anti-popular and treacherous activity of the Tito clique is encountering increasing resistance both from the Communists who remain loyal to Marxism-Leninism and from the working class and labouring peasantry of Yugoslavia.
On the basis of irrefutable facts testifying that the Tito clique have definitely swung over to fascism and deserted to the camp of world imperialism, the Information Bureau of Communist and Workers' Parties considers that:
1. Tito, Rankovic, Kardelj, Djilas, Pijade, Gosnjak, Maslaric, Bebler, Mrazavic, Vukmanavic, Koca Popovic, Kidric, Neskovic, Zlatic, Velebit, Kolishevski and the other members of this espionage group are enemies of the working class and the peasantry, enemies of the peoples of Yugoslavia.
2. This espionage group represent not the will of the peoples of Yugoslavia, but the will of the American and British imperialists, and have therefore betrayed the interests of the country and destroyed the political sovereignty and economic independence of Yugoslavia.
3. The "Communist Party of Yugoslavia," as at present constituted, having fallen into the hands of enemies of the people, assassins and spies, has forfeited the right to be called a Communist party and is merely an apparatus for carrying out the espionage assignments of the Tito- Kardelj-Rankovic-Djilas clique.
The Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties therefore considers that the fight against the Tito clique of hired spies and assassins is the international duty of all the Communist and Workers' Parties.
It is the duty of the Communist and Workers' Parties to assist in every way the Yugoslav working class and labouring peasantry who are struggling to bring back Yugoslavia to the camp of democracy and Socialism.
An essential condition for Yugoslavia's return to the socialist camp is active struggle of the revolutionary elements both inside and outside the Yugoslav Communist Party for the resurrection of a revolutionary, genuinely Communist party of Yugoslavia, which will be faithful to Marxism-Leninism, the principles of proletarian internationalism, and which will fight for Yugoslavia's independence from imperialism.
The forces of Yugoslavia loyal to Communism, being unable under the present savage fascist terror to come out openly against the Tito-Rankovic clique, have been compelled to resort to the same means of fighting for the cause of Communism as are employed by the Communalists in those countries where legal activity is debarred to them.
The Information Bureau expresses the firm conviction that forces will be found among the workers and peasants of Yugoslavia capable of assuring victory over the Tito-Rankovic clique of spies and restorers of the bourgeois system, that, led by the working class, the toiling people of Yugoslavia will succeed in recovering the historical gains of people's democracy, won by the peoples of Yugoslavia at the price of heavy sacrifice and heroic struggle, and that they will take the road of building Socialism,
The Information Bureau considers it one of the most important tasks of the Communist and Workers' Parties to enhance revolutionary vigilance in their ranks to the utmost, to expose and eject bourgeois-nationalist elements and agents of imperialism, under whatever flag they may disguise themselves.
The Information Bureau deems it necessary to intensify ideological work in the Communist and Workers' Parties, the work of educating Communists to be faithful to proletarian internationalism, to be implacable towards all departures from the principles of Marxism-Leninism, to be faithful to people's democracy and Socialism.
Last edited by Loz on 16 May 2012, 17:04, edited 1 time in total.
Are you incapable of distinguishing serious texts from rubbish like that? I'm not going to believe a word of a text that calls Tito a fascist, because this has no basis in reality. At all. In no way could Titoism ever be compared to fascism.
Actually, there is something to that. Rember that this is from the late 40s/early 50s, before Titoism put on a "humane" mask.
They imprisoned literally dozens of thousands of communists (many of them veterans of the People's Liberation War) and used ex-fascist butchers to torture them in ex-fascist prisons.
In the 40s a series of rebellions against Tito and Co. broke out all over the country. These were brutally supressed.
Taking the Hitler fascist regime as its model, the Tito clique borrowed – on orders from its American masters – not only the methods of Hitler and Goering in fascising the economy, but also their economic and political "theories". The Hitler propaganda arsenal is the source of Titoite wisdom. They simply alter the terminology, substituting, for example, "national socialism", the praises of which the Hitlerites had sung, with "Yugoslav national socialism", etc.
After capitalist trading had been officially introduced in January 1951, and after the dissolution in April 1951 of the so-called State Planning Commission and all planning organs in the Republics, the Titoites produced a whole series of draft laws about the "new system in planning and finance" which signified the open restoration of capitalism in Yugoslavia, accompanied by organisational forms, "theoretical" terminology and argumentation taken from Hitler's so-called Four-Year economic plan.
Capitalist exploitation of the working class in its most brutal form, that of compulsory slave labour disguised as "planned leadership of the national economy", is now being legalised in Yugoslavia. Article 1 of the "new law" relates to two types of plans for Yugoslavia: "social plans" of the Yugoslav State, and "independent plans" of the economic organisations and federations. The social plans foresee only "basic proportions of minimum exploitation of the production capacity of the enterprises, capital investments for construction, and the average norm of the accumulation fund and social funds". These fictitious plans will be submitted to the capitalists in the administrative councils of the enterprises and economic federations for their approval. As for the "independent plans" of the enterprises, they will be prepared by the capitalist owners themselves, regardless of general planning. In drafting these plans, conditions on the capitalist market and the demands of the U.S.-British imperialists alone, are taken into account. It is quite clear that the introduction of these "social plans" and "independent plans" is nothing but out-and-out demagogy and crude camouflage for the restoration of capitalism in Yugoslavia. Basically, these plans are but a new edition of the well-known "Deutsches Wirtschaftsrecht" (German Economic Law) which declared that the Hitler State allowed the "co-existence of State management and free enterprises in the most varied interlacing".
In an attempt to give a "theoretical" grounding to these laws, the Tito clique strongly combines its own petty "theoretical efforts" with the Hitlerite economic ravings. For example, the anarchic laws of capitalist economy are declared by Kidric, "Oberfuhrer of the planned economy", to be immutable and unalterable.
Using Hitlerite terminology, this paltry slave of the monopolists places the ruthless capitalist exploitation among the "immutable economic laws"; he declares production and distribution to be "the life-stream of the law of value", asserting that a "larger part of the surplus labour" should be assimilated by enterprises and economic federations themselves; in other words, appropriated by the capitalists.
Kidric, the new fascist "theoretician" also resorts to the theories of Right-wing Socialists, describing imperialism as "developed capitalism", and asserting that the last phase of capitalism constitutes the first phase of Socialism. The Titoites deny the existence of classes in fascist Yugoslavia. Using the terminology of Hitler and Mussolini they seek to prove that in Yugoslavia there is no working class and no capitalists, no working peasants and kulaks, no exploited and exploiters, only "direct producers".
The introduction of the capitalist economic "system" in Yugoslavia was enthusiastically welcomed by American and British capitalists. Wall Street and City magnates acknowledge with satisfaction that Tito Yugoslavia is a place for "profitable and safe capital investments". Not without reason did the "Economist", organ of the leading financial circles in Britain, comment after publication of the new Tito "laws" that the theory on which the proposals were based could be accepted with satisfaction in the West, that the new system was a genuine achievement, that its author deserved the attention and full respect of the Western democracies, etc.
The establishment of the Hitler "order" in Yugoslavia's economy is bound up with the continued militarisation of the country. As was the case at one time in Hitler Germany, so now in Yugoslavia, the "new, planned economy" provides, above all, for building strategic roads and military airfields for rearmaments, conversion of industry to war production, and transforming the State budget into a war budget.
The open restoration of capitalism, militarisation of the economy and its subordination to the foreign imperialists, resulted in a catastrophic fall in the standard of living of the working people in Yugoslavia. The Titoites restored not only capitalist exploitation in Yugoslavia; following the example of the Hitlerites, they resurrected feudal and even slave forms of exploitation. Four hundred and fifty thousand people were sent for compulsory labour to the mines in Bosnia, Slovenia and Croatia. About two million peasants were mobilised for forced labour. The Titoite gangsters stop at nothing. In Stip, youth found in the street were press-ganged by the Titoites for work on the Banja-Luca-Doboi Railway. In the village of Riejana, dozens of peasant houses were surrounded and the young men and women rounded-up and sent to compulsory labour.
http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/a ... apital.htm
khlib
Party Member
The Encyclopedia of Marxism defines fascism as:
--Right Wing: Fascists are fervently against: Marxism, Socialism, Anarchism, Communism, Environmentalism; etc – in essence, they are against the progressive left in total, including moderate lefts (social democrats, etc). Fascism is an extreme right wing ideology, though it can be opportunistic.
--Nationalism: Fascism places a very strong emphasis on patriotism and nationalism. Criticism of the nation's main ideals, especially war, is lambasted as unpatriotic at best, and treason at worst. State propaganda consistently broadcasts threats of attack, while justifying pre-emptive war. Fascism invariably seeks to instill in its people the warrior mentality: to always be vigilant, wary of strangers and suspicious of foreigners.
--Hierarchy: Fascist society is ruled by a righteous leader, who is supported by an elite secret vanguard of capitalists. Hierarchy is prevalent throughout all aspects of society – every street, every workplace, every school, will have its local Hitler, part police-informer, part bureaucrat – and society is prepared for war at all times. The absolute power of the social hierarchy prevails over everything, and thus a totalitarian society is formed. Representative government is acceptable only if it can be controlled and regulated, direct democracy (e.g. Communism) is the greatest of all crimes. Any who oppose the social hierarchy of fascism will be imprisoned or executed.
--Anti-equality: Fascism loathes the principles of economic equality and disdains equality between immigrant and citizen. Some forms of fascism extend the fight against equality into other areas: gender, sexual, minority or religious rights, for example.
--Religious: Fascism contains a strong amount of reactionary religious beliefs, harking back to times when religion was strict, potent, and pure. Nearly all Fascist societies are Christian, and are supported by Catholic and Protestant churches.
--Capitalist: Fascism does not require revolution to exist in capitalist society: fascists can be elected into office (though their disdain for elections usually means manipulation of the electoral system). They view parliamentary and congressional systems of government to be inefficient and weak, and will do their best to minimize its power over their policy agenda. Fascism exhibits the worst kind of capitalism where corporate power is absolute, and all vestiges of workers' rights are destroyed.
--War: Fascism is capitalism at the stage of impotent imperialism. War can create markets that would not otherwise exist by wreaking massive devastation on a society, which then requires reconstruction! Fascism can thus "liberate" the survivors, provide huge loans to that society so fascist corporations can begin the process of rebuilding.
--Voluntarist Ideology: Fascism adopts a certain kind of "voluntarism;" they believe that an act of will, if sufficiently powerful, can make something true. Thus all sorts of ideas about racial inferiority, historical destiny, even physical science, are supported by means of violence, in the belief that they can be made true. It is this sense that Fascism is subjectivist.
--Anti-Modern: Fascism loathes all kinds of modernism, especially creativity in the arts, whether acting as a mirror for life (where it does not conform to the Fascist ideal), or expressing deviant or innovative points of view. Fascism invariably burns books and victimises artists, and artists which do not promote the fascists ideals are seen as "decadent." Fascism is hostile to broad learning and interest in other cultures, since such pursuits threaten the dominance of fascist myths. The peddling of conspiracy theories is usually substituted for the objective study of history.
For each of those points, please provide an example of something Tito did to fit that description.
Your encyclopedia source is wrong on at least one point.
Fascism loathes all kinds of modernism, especially creativity in the arts, whether acting as a mirror for life (where it does not conform to the Fascist ideal)
What? Italian Futurism was almost 100% Fascist and famous for its militarism and fascination with machines and so on.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti
Anyway, Dimitrov wrote that ...The development of fascism, and the fascist dictatorship itself, assume different forms in different countries, according to historical, social and economic conditions and to the national peculiarities, and the international position of the given country.
It's obvious that the dictatorship of Tito's clique could not have been the same as Franco's or Mussolini's dictatorship. Yugoslavia was a peculiar case. Of course that Tito and Co. could not have thrown their "socialist" masks away just like that, after all, Western Imperialism intended to use Yugoslavia as a bait ("socialism with a human face" and so on) for all other countries of People's Democracy to come over to the camp of world imperialism.
But whatever the masks that fascism adopts, whatever the forms in which it presents itself, whatever the ways by which it comes to power
Fascism is a most ferocious attack by capital on the mass of the working people - check
Fascism is unbridled chauvinism and predatory war - check ( the repressions on Kosovo and predatory aspirations towards Albania)
Fascism is rabid reaction and counter-revolution - check
Fascism is the most vicious enemy of the working class and of all working people - check
Titoism is the most vicious enemy of the working class and of all working people?
Yes, even worse than USA Imperialism. Why? Because at least you know who you're dealing with in the case of US. But a "socialist" Fifth Column is in a way more perfidious and more dangerous.
Of course,all this may sound a bit weird, but was Spanish Fascism the biggest enemy of the worldwide working classes back in, say, 1948? Definitely not, but it was fascism nevertheless.
But, to address Khlib's points.
Check. EVERY popular Communist party in the world denounced the Yugoslav one in 1948.
Nationalism: Fascism places a very strong emphasis on patriotism and nationalism. Criticism of the nation's main ideals, especially war, is lambasted as unpatriotic at best, and treason at worst. State propaganda consistently broadcasts threats of attack, while justifying pre-emptive war. Fascism invariably seeks to instill in its people the warrior mentality: to always be vigilant, wary of strangers and suspicious of foreigners.
Check on almost all points.
Criticism of the "main ideals" got you sent to prison even in the 80s, not to mention the 40s.
State propaganda consistently, for 40 years, broadcasted threats of attack (Jugoslavija je jež...neprijatelj nikada ne spava) and so on.
In the 40s people sometimes ended up in camps just for singing "Katyusha" or some other popular Russian songs!
Hierarchy: Fascist society is ruled by a righteous leader, who is supported by an elite secret vanguard of capitalists. Hierarchy is prevalent throughout all aspects of society – every street, every workplace, every school, will have its local Hitler, part police-informer, part bureaucrat – and society is prepared for war at all times. The absolute power of the social hierarchy prevails over everything, and thus a totalitarian society is formed. Representative government is acceptable only if it can be controlled and regulated, direct democracy (e.g. Communism) is the greatest of all crimes. Any who oppose the social hierarchy of fascism will be imprisoned or executed.
Check on everything.
Quite correct.
The economic inequalities in Yugoslavia were notorious.
I'm not sure on this one.
Yugoslavia was very militarized (and Tito tried to take over Albania) however this one doesn't really fit.
This one doesn't fit either but being a Marxist could get you killed in Yugoslavia.
Indeed, Belgrade and Zagreb and Ljubljana and so on were the only places in post-war Europe, except Madrid, Lisabon and Athens where carrying a Soviet flag or a portait of Stalin could get you imprisoned and killed by the authorities.
EDIT: But i think that most of these "criteria" are actually rather unreliable when describing what fascism really is ,that is, what it looks like in practice.
But this is the main one. Fascism is a capitalist state gone terrorist. It exists to protect monopoly capital with extreme violence as a last resort. You can't possibly think this was the case in Yugoslavia.
You can't possibly think this was the case in Yugoslavia.
I can. Tito's clique waged a terrorist war against the people to protect the interests of national-capitalists ("managers" of "nationalized" factories and so on) and military oligarchy, kulaks and foreign investments.
A terrorist war, you say?
Yes, they terrorised people in Kordun and Banija and elsewhere where risings happened, in addition to the hunt for communists all over the country. Not to mention what Ranković did on Kosovo.
Soviet cogitations: 172
Defected to the U.S.S.R.: 09 Mar 2012, 02:37
Ideology: Marxism-Leninism
I don't know how much accurate is this information but if it's true it completely discredit Tito's Regime:
"The Tito clique admits that although the law allows private owners to employ a maximum of five workers each, there are some who employ ten or twenty times as many and even some who employ "five to six hundred workers".[1] And the annual turnover of some private enterprises is over 100 million dinars.[2]
From the profits made by these entrepreneurs, one can see that they are one hundred per cent capitalists. Svet reported on December 8, 1961 that "the net income of some private handicraftsmen reaches one million dinars per month", and the Belgrade Vecernje novosti said on December 20, 1961 that in Belgrade "last year 116 owners of private enterprises each received an income of more than 10 million dinars". Some entrepreneurs "received an income of about 70 million dinars" in one year, which is nearly U.S.$100,000 according to the official rate of exchange.
[2] Vesnik u sredu, December 27, 1961."
"If I could control Hollywood, I could control the world." -Joseph Stalin
EdvardK
Defected to the U.S.S.R.: 08 Aug 2011, 22:59
Tito's Yugoslavia can be compared to other socialist states just as much as a BMW can be compared in speed with a handicapped turtle.
Zhelovski
Soviet cogitations: 17
Ideology: Maoist
New Comrade (Say hi & be nice to me!)
The issue with Titoism is that it is inherently anti-Marxist. For example, here are a few quotes: " "Like our Democratic Cambodia, Yugoslavia is a non-aligned country which has adhered to the position of preserving independence. Friendship between our two countries is therefore based on the same principle. We have always esteemed and respected Comrade President Tito and the friendly Yugoslav people. Comrade President Tito and the Yugoslav people have always supported and helped us. We have sympathy for them and wish to express our thanks to Comrade President Tito and the friendly Yugoslav people." (Pol Pot, quoted in Journal of Contemporary Asia Vol. 8 No. 3, 1978. p. 413.)
"We Jugoslavs have discarded classic deviations between revolutionary and evolutionary socialism. History has erased such a distinction. Life now pushes toward the evolutionary progress… I think that even in the United States there is a tendency toward socialism. A big change began with your New Deal and your economy retains many of its features. For example, state intervention in the economy is much larger." (Tito, quoted in Cyrus Leo Sulzberger. The Last of the Giants. New York: Macmillan. 1970. p. 270.)
Also, a great work on Titoite revisionism would be Yugoslav "Self-Administration"-Capitalist Theory and Practice, by Enver Hoxha. Although, if I'm not mistaken that was previously recommended.
http://espressostalinist.wordpress.com/ ... m/titoism/
"Dialectical materialism works like cocaine, let's say. If you sniff it once or twice, it may not change your life. If you use it day after day, though, it will make you into an addict, a different man." -Nicolae Ceauşescu
Zhelovski wrote:
The issue with Titoism is that it is inherently anti-Marxist.
If I was forced to choose between a "theoretical marxist state" or "self-managing socialist state" I'd go for the latter. No contest. The quality of living was way higher in SFRY than in "theoretical marxist countries".
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FRIDAY, Feb. 6, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Ladies, a heavy coffee habit might do more than perk you up. New research suggests it may also reduce your risk of endometrial cancer.
Using data on more than 456,000 women from two large ongoing studies, researchers evaluated the dietary habits of more than 2,800 women diagnosed with cancer of the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. Compared to women who drank less than a cup a day, those who drank about four cups daily had an 18 percent lower risk of getting this cancer, they found.
"We were not surprised by the results that a high versus low intake of coffee was associated with a reduced risk for endometrial cancer, because they were consistent with what has been observed in previous studies," said study leader Melissa Merritt. She is a research fellow in cancer epidemiology at Imperial College London in England.
"We used similar methods to investigate the association between coffee intake and endometrial cancer as previous studies," she said. "This is important so we can compare results across different studies."
One trial concluded 37 ounces of coffee daily reduced endometrial cancer risk by 18 percent. The other found a similar reduction associated with 26 ounces a day.
The new study was published in the February issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
Merritt's team evaluated 84 foods and nutrients. "For most other dietary factors, there was no consistent association with endometrial cancer risk," she said.
The researchers found a link, but not a cause-and-effect relationship, between coffee drinking and lower risk of endometrial cancer. And the study did not differentiate between decaf or regular, so Merritt said she can't comment on whether one is better than the other.
The researchers also can't say for sure why coffee may lower the cancer risk. However, one possibility is that coffee reduces estrogen levels in the body, changing the balance of hormones, Merritt said.
If the balance between estrogen and progesterone shifts and leans more toward estrogen, the risk of endometrial cancer rises, according to the American Cancer Society. Other risk factors for endometrial cancer include being overweight and having an early start to periods (before age 12) and a late menopause. The average age of menopause in the United States is 51.
About 55,000 new cases of endometrial cancer are expected this year in the United States, the cancer society estimates, and about 10,000 women will die from it.
Dr. Robert Morgan is a professor of medical oncology at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center in Duarte, Calif. He said the new study is "validating other studies showing coffee has a beneficial effect in decreasing endometrial cancer." He wasn't involved in the new research.
However, Morgan added, some studies published recently have not found a link, so he believes that "the jury is still out."
He also said the possible link can't be explained, but said some experts point to the antioxidants in coffee. Antioxidants are believed to prevent or slow cell damage.
Morgan did say it's probably not just the caffeine, since other caffeine-containing foods such as chocolate have not been linked with lower endometrial cancer risk.


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To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, what recent representations he has his Turkish counterpart on (a) the treatment of Alevis in the Turkish prison system and (b) those people's access to Dedes.
We have not made specific representations to Turkey on these issues. We expect Turkey to treat all prisoners, regardless of faith or ethnicity, fairly and in line with internationally recognised standards.