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Grindr dating app removes ethnicity filter to support Black Lives Matter
Grindr, Scruff Removed Ethnicity Filters In Its Gay Dating Apps. The Racists Stayed.
Grindr has removed its ethnicity filter – but that might not be enough to stop racism on the app
How algorithms on dating apps are contributing to racism in our love lives
It's Not Preference, It's Prejudice
Why Grindr Removing Its Ethnicity Filter Is A Complex Issue
Dating And Race – Color Still Matters
LONDON, June 2 Thomson Reuters Foundation — Gay dating apps are scrambling to remove ethnicity filters in a bid to tackle racism, as violent protests over the killing of a black man in police custody rocked the United States for a second week. Using the hashtag BlackLivesMatter, Grindr, which allows its more than 4 million daily users to choose between five options, including black, Asian and Middle Eastern, said on Monday that it would remove the filters from its next release.
His death caused outrage across a nation that is politically and racially divided as it counts down to presidential elections in November, reigniting protests that have flared repeatedly in recent years over police killings of black Americans. Dating apps have long been plagued by accusations of sexual racism, as users have been allowed to choose which race they want to meet. Jevan Hutson, one of the authors of the Cornell study, said online dating sites and apps should be designed in ways that do not fuel such racist comments or prejudice.
Hinge and OkCupid, both of which have ethnicity filters, did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
Dating app Grindr removes 'ethnicity filter' that allows users to search for potential partners by race after getting roasted online for its tweet in.
Ashley Brown. In , user data on OkCupid showed that most men on the site rated black women as less attractive than women of other races and ethnicities. That resonated with Ari Curtis, 28, and inspired her blog, Least Desirable. Kholood Eid for NPR hide caption. These were the types of messages Jason, a year-old Los Angeles resident, remembers receiving on different dating apps and websites when he logged on in his search for love seven years ago. He has since deleted the messages and apps.
Jason is earning his doctorate with a goal of helping people with mental health needs. NPR is not using his last name to protect his privacy and that of the clients he works with in his internship. He is gay and Filipino and says he felt like he had no choice but to deal with the rejections based on his ethnicity as he pursued a relationship. Jason, a year-old Los Angeles resident, says he received racist messages on different dating apps and websites in his search for love.
Jason says he faced it and thought about it quite a bit. So he wasn't surprised when he read a blog post from OkCupid co-founder Christian Rudder in about race and attraction. Rudder wrote that user data showed that most men on the site rated black women as less attractive than women of other races and ethnicities.
Mobile dating apps that allow users to filter their searches by race — or rely on algorithms that pair up people of the same race — reinforce racial divisions and biases, according to a new paper by Cornell researchers. Although partner preferences are extremely personal, the authors argue that culture shapes our preferences, and dating apps influence our decisions. Fifteen percent of Americans report using dating sites, and some research estimates that a third of marriages — and 60 percent of same-sex relationships — started online.
Tinder and Grindr have tens of millions of users, and Tinder says it has facilitated 20 billion connections since its launch.
A look at how algorithms on dating apps are contributing to racism in a mix with ethnicity filters that aid racial profiling and feeds unconscious.
Gene Lim does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Long criticised as racist , the filter also helped to create a culture where users were emboldened to express their racism. Alongside other dating apps, Grindr has a reputation for sexual racism — the exclusion of potential partners based on race.
Read more: Despite Indigenous deaths in custody since , no one has ever been convicted. Racist silence and complicity are to blame. One of us Gene Lim is researching how sexual racism impacts gay and bisexual Asian men in Australia. Grindr was repeatedly singled out by research participants as a site where they regularly experienced sexual racism — both in user bios, and interactions with others. He then quickly blocked me. I was skinny, young, cute, and I thought that would be enough ….
For many people of colour, this sends a message that their skin colour makes them unlovable and unwanted – something that has a negative impact on self-image and self-worth. One participant summarised how he was affected by these messages. The psychological impact of these experiences adds up in ways that these men carry with them outside of sex and dating. Even as some Asian men withdraw from the gay community to avoid sexual racism, the impacts of these experiences endure.
Grindr, the largest hookup app for gay men, has dispensed with its ethnicity filter as it and other GBTQ dating platforms have joined together with a public health consortium to produce the NiceAF campaign, with the stated goal of encouraging people to be kinder to one another on the apps, and to fight the stigmas that people encounter on them. One of the ways they have been doing so is by having a video competition accessible through the apps.
A winner will be announced July People can view the videos on the NiceAF campaign website.
racism on the app, it would be removing "the ethnicity filter from our next release." Jack'd and Scruff (two other popular gay "dating" apps both.
Like online retailers that allow shoppers to filter products by style, cut, size, color, etc. While various online dating platforms offer different filters, preferences regarding age, gender and distance maintain a fairly standard presence across most apps. Other common filters allow users to get even more particular, inviting users to filter potential matches based on highly specific — sometimes eyebrow-raising — preferences, including height, race, education level, religious and political views, smoking and drinking habits, family planning goals, etc.
Despite ostensibly placing us only a swipe away from a much broader pool of romantic prospects, most dating apps also hand us the tools to limit our options more actively, and perhaps more aggressively, than ever before. Most online dating platforms frame this as a plus. Neither Cohen-Aslatei nor I are the first to question the moral implications of ethnic filters on dating apps. In other words, which many of us have probably silently asked ourselves while setting up a new dating app profile: Is this racist?
Chen admits that this complicates matters. Donnelly — who, again, is a comedian — is obviously joking so please calm down. But she raises an interesting point: while I, as a white woman, am by no means here to rail against some imagined plight of white people on dating apps, there are certain ethical paradoxes at play that are worth interrogating. Ultimately, while a universal standard of racial ethics on dating apps may be convenient, it is likely simply too reductive to prescribe an ethical mandate of romantic colorblindness evenly across the entire spectrum of race and ethnicity.
Probably so. Romance, McIntyre suggests, is a similarly personal matter. McIntyre raises a question at once timely and timeless.
Nikki Chapman remembers finding her now-husband through online dating website Plenty of Fish in Kay Chapman had sent her a message. I thought that was kind of cool — it was something that was near and dear to me from when I was a kid. In it, they argue dating apps that let users filter their searches by race — or rely on algorithms that pair up people of the same race — reinforce racial divisions and biases.
They said existing algorithms can be tweaked in a way that makes race a less important factor and helps users branch out from what they typically look for. Taft and his team downloaded the 25 most popular dating apps based on the number of iOS installs as of
Dating apps are a part of this. Grindr recently removed their race filter, which means users can no longer filter the profiles they see based on.
Whether you love or loathe Tinder , there is no denying it has changed online dating forever. As a result there is now no end of apps with the same aim of helping you fall in love and live happily ever after, or at the least find someone to hang out with next weekend. Whether it's matching you on your favourite interests or finding someone who you share mutual friends with. Here, we take the biggest alternatives to Tinder and give them a spin to find out what if anything they do differently and what sets them apart.
The audience is mostly made up of young straight couples, but the app encourages everyone to join in and gender options are relatively vast for a dating app. Pros: The platform creators care about the safety and privacy of their user base, and have created a respectful community as a result. The group chat feature is handy, obviously. Safer than many other options on the internet. Cons: Fake profiles abound.
Sign up to the Life newsletter for daily tips, advice, how-tos and escapism. Queer dating app Grindr has announced it will remove its ethnicity filter available to premium users as a response to the developments over the Black Lives Matter movement. The function allows for paying users of the app to filter people by ethnicity. Black Lives Matter.
Ethnicity can be an important factor in dating. Unlike other online dating sites, we place a particular emphasis on getting to know your true personality, rather.
One writer explores how ethnic filters on dating apps have become revolutionary for some women of colour who feel vulnerable online. The dating world is complex in your mid-twenties. After filtering my choices, I was pleasantly surprised at how many Black men I saw as I scrolled through after it had been so hard to find them before. I liked being able to see people who looked like me and it made the whole experience more comfortable. I eventually went on a date with one man and reconnected with someone else I met years ago who I ultimately started seeing.
Tomi, a year-old Black woman from Hertfordshire, grew up in predominantly white areas and explains that her experience of dating has been influenced by this kind of doubt.
The tech company was criticised for hypocrisy after backing US protests while keeping the controversial feature. The dating app was a precursor to other instant location-based hook-up services such as Tinder and has several million users across the world. However, users have long complained of being blocked by Grindr when they raised issues about the ethnicity filter.
tinder, race, inequality, online dating, identity, reality construction, digital spaces "real" worlds are informed by various forces, including race and ethnicity.
You in? I unmatched with David immediately. And yet, the questions kept coming. This is what it's like to be a mixed-race girl on Tinder. Out of the hundreds of conversations I've had on the app, about half of them have involved a man tokenising me for my ethnicity. And if they're not harping on my race and calling me "black beauty," then I'm often expected to respond to their pretty gross sexual messages or dick pics.
It's because of comments like these, along with the rampant misogyny that seems to fill the app, that despite a fair amount of matches, I have only been on two real-life Tinder dates. I understand why people are interested in people like myself who look racially ambiguous. Race, however flawed a concept, is used as a tool for understanding people. I'm curious about people's backgrounds, too. As humans, we are always searching for a way to identify, and things like race or skin tone serve as physical reminders of our ancestry and heritage.
But there are appropriate ways to talk with someone about their racial background, and then there are ways to come off like a clueless asshole.
Against the urgent, vivid, and profoundly human backdrop of uprisings exploding across the globe — catalyzed by the extrajudicial police killings of George Floyd , Breonna Taylor , and Tony McDade , among countless other Black people — several gay dating apps have cobbled together their own little, and perhaps belated, response: removing long-criticized ethnicity filters in solidarity with Black Lives Matter.
We will not be silent. Black Lives Matter. It started with Grindr.
Users of the dating app can still search results by ethnicity and some encouraged to upgrade to it.
Although researchers at Cornell University recommended this action two years ago in a paper on addressing racial bias and discrimination in dating apps, many were skeptical this would mitigate racism on platforms that have always been inherently racist. The ethnicity feature in these apps — either built into the operating system or a bonus benefit that came with an additional subscription fee — allowed users to search for people by race, as narrowly defined by the app creators.
Some folks of color were able to use this feature to find a friendly face on the apps, in what can be a sea of white torsos, or in the real world, in a town palpably lacking in visible diversity. Yet, in other hands, this feature amounted to little less than institutionalized racial profiling. I first started using dating apps when Grindr began crawling out of the primordial sea of , since they seemed like a less-scary version of flirting with a guy in a loud, dark, sweaty bar.
But the scariness of the apps was in how comfortable people felt in being truly awful when there was no one publicly holding them accountable. Still, words only go so far. My experience on these apps has told me the opposite: that I am not worthy of love. That I am not desirable. That I am nothing unless a white man loves me. In , Wade and a University of Michigan professor of health behavior and health education, Gary W.
Harper, published a study of more than 2, young black gay and bisexual men in which they developed a scale to measure the impact of racialized sexual discrimination RSD , or sexual racism, on their well-being. Wade and Harper categorized their experiences into four areas: exclusion, rejection, degradation, and erotic objectification. Wade and Harper hypothesized that exposure to these experiences may foment feelings of shame, humiliation, and inferiority, negatively impacting the self-esteem and overall psychological health of racial and ethnic minorities.
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Personalized Greeting On Constant Contact
Constant Contact have been in the email advertising and marketing video game since 1995. During that time, they've managed to become one of the most secondhand email tools in the world, after Mailchimp.
One point I noticed is that Constant Contact is extremely often the leading choice for many various other evaluation web sites. Normally, I wonder to see if our thorough evaluation generates the same result.
You might have taken a look at the Constant Contact testimonials provided by individuals online, as well, as well as whilst they are rather positive, they may not offer you the whole picture. Our review of Constant Contact is based on a systematic approach and also utilizes our sensible experience and knowledge of loads of other simple and also innovative advertising and marketing automation tools.
What makes them unique is that they've added a number of attributes for many years that few of their rivals sport, such as digital item downloads, event administration, appointment organizing as well as social campaigns. These all contribute to the varied list of e-mail options available, in addition to automations and also recurring e-newsletters.
Constant Contact boast a market with around 400 apps and also assimilations that cater to also the most specific niche of products. Yet despite these showy numbers as well as attributes, interest in Constant Contact appears to be on the decline, a minimum of according to Google Trends. If it's still pertinent in the 21st century, Enough reason for us to take a closer look at Constant Contact's ins & outs as well as inspect.
Learn listed below!
Constant Contact is guided towards small companies, however their prices aren't one of the most inexpensive, especially when you take into consideration that their functions simply aren't that progressed. Plans begin with $9.99/ month, yet this only permits 500 subscribers, and prices increase rather dramatically after that.
Attempt Constant Contact completely free
> Compare costs with our price calculator
> Find out even more about Constant Contact's plans in our total rates guide
Cons and also pros
Is Constant Contact the right newsletter solution for you?
Recommended if:
Constant Contact is quite one-of-a-kind in this regard, being among minority email advertising and marketing tools to allow you to handle event registrations, invites, and tickets . Keep in mind that this function includes its very own costs: 5.4% + $0.80 for every ticket offered or transaction carried out.
You need advanced automation:
Remarkably, for the costs it bills, Constant Contact does not offer one of the most sophisticated automations. While they do offer activated projects, autoresponders and deserted cart campaigns (for Shopify just), you'll locate that much cheaper tools supply similar levels of automation– MailerLite as well as Sendinblue, for example.
Normally it's simple to navigate, though a bit dull-looking. You can get to the majority of locations within a number of clicks, though as they've included much more capability, some points have actually come to be a little hidden, as an example, automations.
The editor is fast, however light on functions, specifically in the styling department. Aside from that it's very easy to collaborate with.
This is really standard, only enabling you to insert basic introductions or contact information. There is no if/then/else reasoning offered.
Timeless, autoresponders, fundamental automations, persisting e-newsletters, A/B screening, event registrations, surveys, surveys and discount coupons .
Selection as well as Flexibility of Template Designs
Not poor. You can additionally begin from scratch, and also utilize a helpful attribute called 'Brand your e-mail' to auto-generate a theme based on your internet site's shades and also logo.
They offer autoresponders and deserted cart advocate Shopify and also WooCommerce. It also creates pre-defined get in touch with sections based upon your clients' communications with your online shop (e.g. repeat, lapsed as well as prospective consumers). Automations based on call triggers (e.g. email opens, clicks) are also readily available. It's worth keeping in mind that the automations aren't one of the most flexible, as you can not actually combine conditions as well as activities as you can in many various other devices.
You can create sections from contact activity, listing membership, get in touch with details, tags, or ecommerce task. You can additionally develop a segment from your contact understandings and tag calls based on call field standards.
There is alongside no personalization with the type, and it just provides a description box, standard field choices (which you can't include in) and then a listing, or checklists, that individuals can inspect to be added to.
As you can see in our deliverability tests, Constant Contact does not do also badly, getting to one of the most prominent e-mail service providers (AOL, Gmail, Yahoo, and Outlook) the majority of the moment.
Reports and also Analysis
In addition to typical open and also click records, spam, bounce and unsubscribe prices are likewise readily available. You likewise get click heat maps, and also some useful overview reports such as open and also click patterns, opens by gadget, % of calls engaged, and also most effective subject line.
Right here's where it gets a bit unshaven. The website and the device are only offered in English. You can pick to change a few of the non-editable e-mail areas (e.g. footer and also privacy policy text) to among 10 languages available, mainly European. Assistance and also the knowledge base is readily available in 4 languages. Slightly complex, but at the very least there's some effort to sustain multilingual users as well as target markets.
Spam screening isn't available, however, there is a attribute to inspect the e-mail for mistakes ( missing out on links, placeholder message that hasn't been updated, and so on). There's additionally a device that allows you to preview just how emails will certainly try to find details recipients, although this really did not appear to function when we tested it out. 'Inbox Preview' by Litmus is readily available as an add-on solution, although at $10/month for simply 5 examinations, it's a little high.
Soft bounces are positioned on short-term hold for 15 days, and then frown at. They are moved into a suspended bounce category if it happens again. They have a ' advised for removal' filter available to view these, however do not eliminate them instantly.
Import/export available although it's not as simple as it could be– you need to first enable sophisticated e-mail permissions under Account Settings.
Storage space available for information and pictures
All plans feature endless storage space.
Different levels of account accessibility
The Account Owner can likewise assign duties to be either an Account Manager or a Campaign Creator.
Assimilations
Constant Contact provide a enormous quantity of applications as well as integrations , virtually 400.
This is just offered using their form home builder, and it's really basic. Rather, we would certainly advise these complimentary touchdown page building contractors.
There are a number of networks of support, including real-time conversation, phone support, a data base as well as community-based assistance. Nonetheless, I located that the chat and phone assistance weren't always offered, which was a little irritating. When I had the ability to get hold of chat support, however, I did locate them to be useful and receptive . Keep in mind that you'll need to hire order to terminate your subscription, which is pretty irritating.
Overall score.
For a fundamental e-mail tool, Constant Contact ticks most of the boxes. The primary problem here, however, is that they're asking a costs rate for a sub-premium product.
As Constant Contact themselves state with their site, they are a device for small companies. As well as, thus, it's worth reviewing them on these terms. As mentioned over, they certainly have enough of the fundamentals covered to please most local business, as well as if it were as straightforward as that after that we would certainly advise them much more extremely.
The issue, nowadays, is that there are lots of various other email devices supplying even more than Constant Contact, and also for a great deal much less money. This includes not just features, yet also customer experience. As a matter of fact, for the amount you pay with Constant Contact, you might find yourself utilizing a lot more effective tools such as ActiveCampaign and GetResponse.
And with current enhancements to automations and coverage, as well as the addition of brand-new features like a site builder, it does look like they're making an initiative to boost the item. Their lack of innovative attributes makes it tough to recommend them over others at this cost point.
So, there you have it: the next time you see Constant Contact as the number 1 ranked service anywhere around the web, I would boldly declare that there might be other passions at play there.
Attempt Constant Contact now completely free for 30 days.
activecampaign logo.
Sendinblue testimonial.
ActiveCampaign has one of the most advanced automation systems we've ever tried, as well as it can not be compared to Constant Contact's simple method (it only includes autoresponders). They additionally use durable records and analysis tools. They are also less expensive than Constant Contact.
Sendinblue is just one of the most affordable all-in-one e-mail marketing tools on the market. It's readily available in 6 languages as well as includes advanced automation choices and a built-in CRM.
GetResponse is a strong option. It includes lots of innovative attributes (e.g. a webinar tool), uses and has excellent automations among the very best spam and also style testing devices we've ever before made use of. That's why Constant Contact fails when compared to GetResponse.
We have a comprehensive overview with the most effective choices to Constant Contact, check it out below. You can likewise try out our Smart Finder to see which newsletter service is finest suited to you.
Is Constant Contact far better than Mailchimp?
Mailchimp defeats Constant Contact hands down. Take a look at our Mailchimp vs Constant Contact contrast if you 'd like to obtain into the details.
Constant Contact, in partnership with SharpSpring, supplies an all-in-one CRM system. At $399/month, you 'd be much far better off taking a look at any of these CRMs for tiny companies, which will certainly be far extra budget-friendly. There are also a lot of outstanding cost-free CRMs to select from.
How can I terminate my Constant Contact registration?
Frustratingly, you'll need to call Constant Contact within business hours Eastern time in order to cancel your account. Right here is the number for the US and Canada: 855-229-5506.
Constant Contact is a legitimate e-mail advertising and marketing software for small companies. It securely stores your customer information and provides a safe and secure method to manage your clients.
Constant Contact deliverability – is it any type of excellent?
Constant Contact's deliverability rates are regularly good in our bi-annual deliverability examinations.
In spite of these fancy numbers and functions, interest in Constant Contact seems to be on the decline, at the very least according to Google Trends. As Constant Contact themselves restate with their site, they are a device for tiny organizations. The problem, these days, is that there are lots of other e-mail devices providing even much more than Constant Contact, and for a lot much less money. For the amount you pay with Constant Contact, you might find yourself making use of much extra effective devices such as ActiveCampaign and also GetResponse.
ActiveCampaign has one of the most sophisticated automation systems we've ever before attempted, as well as it can't be contrasted to Constant Contact's simple approach (it only includes autoresponders).
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The brand new Alpinestars GP Tech Air Leather Jacket represents the top half of the AStars Race Replica Suit, and is absolutely loaded with features and functionality. Featuring premium 1.3mm full-grain leather that is loaded with strategic perforation, stretch Kevlar for mobility and abrasion resistance and heavy duty polyamide, the GP Tech Air will perform at the highest level of track riding and racing. The leather utilized is the same premium cowhide that is used on Alpinestars race suits. A feature we haven't seen before is the removable internal vest liner that is windbreaking and features mesh lamination for excellent moisture-wicking. At the shoulders and elbows, high modulus TPU protectors (patented by AStars) assist in a get off and slide scenario. CE rated GP elbow protectors and bioarmor in the shoulders provide safety in the event of a crash. The chest and back have areas to upgrade to the CE rated Bio Armor back protector and the Alpinestars Chest Protectors. There is also the snap connection system for the Alpinestars CE Level 2 Bionic Race Back Protector. This Alpinestars GP Tech Air Leather Jacket is the new king of the hill for Alpinestars in their racing leather jacket lineup.


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Oakland Athletics beat Giants 4-3 in Battle of the Bay game, break Coliseum attendance record
A's beat Giants in Battle of the Bay game
OAKLAND, Calif. (KGO) -- A fleet of baseball fans honored baseball history and made some more at Saturday night's Bay Bridge Series game between the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants.
Jonathan Lucroy singled home Matt Chapman in the 11th inning to give the A's a 4-3 victory over the Giants.
Hours after acquiring reliever Jeurys Familia from the New York Mets, the A's improved to a major league-best 22-7 since June 16 with their third win in five games against their Bay Area rivals.
Oakland squandered a 3-2 lead in the ninth and wasted a bases-loaded opportunity in the bottom of the inning before winning on Lucroy's second walk-off hit this season.
The sellout crowd is the largest attendance in A's Coliseum history.
"10,000 people up there almost 56, 55,000 people in the stadium it's going to be a great night," said Dave Kaval, A's President.
What does that feel like?
"Like whenever I turn my head there's a person," noted Talia Perl, a young A's fan. "It's so crowded and sometimes I can't walk," added her younger sister Ava.
"It's awesome. I've been waiting my whole life for them to open up that top section," said Adam Halsey, A's fan.
The top section, which opened for the first time in 13 years is known as Mount Davis. There are sweeping views of the East Bay and San Francisco from a top it not to mention a long look down at the field.
"He's a little scared he was telling me he was shaking. He was like, 'hold my hand mommy,'" said Denise Belli, an A's fan seated on Mount Davis.
Looking back on history the A's honored the '89 World Series Championship team. Loma Prieta rattled game three and because of earthquake damage a victory parade never happened.
"At the time it wasn't a big deal," said Dennis Eckersley, Hall of Fame pitcher for the A's Championship Team.
But now A's legends are back for their long overdue parade. Eckersley's happy to see the A's renaissance.
"You take for-granted that when we played here we drew almost 3 million people. What it tells you is if you win they will come," said Eckersley.
Or build it and they will come, which is what A's President Dave Kaval is hoping for with a new stadium.
"It's going to be important for the community to actually rally with the A's to find the best location, but the plan together, these types of events give us the momentum to make that happen," said Kaval.
He hopes to have an economic agreement with the City of Oakland or the Port by the end of the year so they can build a stadium by 2023.
Tonight's attendance: 56,310
The largest attendance in Oakland A's Coliseum history.
The largest single-game attendance in @MLB this season. #RootedInOakland #HeroTown pic.twitter.com/QQNMLhCxix
— Oakland Athletics 🌳🐘⚾ (@Athletics) July 22, 2018
The AP has contributed to this report.
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A Georgia soldier stationed in Tennessee wrote to his wife that he was so miserable since returning from a furlough that he was contemplating desertion (although he did not use that word). He did not follow through on this thought.
Source: Katherine S. Holland (ed.), Keep All My Letters: The Civil War Letters of Richard Henry Brooks, 51st Georgia Infantry (Macon: Mercer University Press, 2003), p. 114.


Long-Range Forecasting, 2nd. ed. by J. Scott Armstrong, 1985 - Full text in PDF format of the only comprehensive summary of research on forecasting prior to 1985, covering judgmental and quantitative methods; it has stood the test of time. Summary of reviews. The book is out of print but used copies and reviews are available at amazon.com.
Forecasting: Principles and Practice by Rob J Hyndman and George Athanasopoulos (2013).
Statistical forecasting: Notes on regression and time-series analysis by Robert Nau. Notes and materials for an advanced elective course on statistical forecasting that is taught at the Fuqua School of Business, Duke University.
The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications by Harold A. Linstone and Murray Turoff (eds), 1975 – Full text available in HTML and PDF formats.
Some books can help in the implementation of forecasting principles. However, as shown by Cox & Loomis (2001) in Principles of Forecasting, the books discuss few principles (table: summary of principles mentioned) and differ in their coverage of principles (table: summary by book).


Stop Playing Hide and Seek with Inflammation!
There is one test that is so foundational to what we do at The Wellness Way that it's a regular part of most of our test panels. It's called the high sensitivity- C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) test, and it is the best, general marker for inflammation in the body.
Here's how it works. When inflammation is present your liver will produce C-reactive protein to bind with and get rid of bacteria or dying and diseased cells. The more bacteria or dying and diseased cells, the more CRP is produced. Even if the CRP level is as low as 1 mg/L you can count on there being inflammation in the body, and this test will identify that.
CRP will also be an indicator of whether we're looking at an acute problem, or a chronic problem. If the CRP is high, there are other markers that can help pinpoint the source. We have seen patients as high as 75, but anything over 3 is bad. That's not a little gremlin hiding in your body; that's an indication of a long term, chronic condition and it needs to be addressed.
POPULAR CULTURE AGREES WITH US ABOUT INFLAMMATION!
Magazines and web pages, even those outside the "medical" field, agree with us, but this hasn't always been the case.
Time Magazine ran a cover story on Inflammation way back in February of 2004. We were glad that somebody had been listening to us.
In the first paragraph the article tells us, "As scientists delve deeper into the fundamental causes of illnesses, they are starting to see links to an age-old immunological defense mechanism called inflammation — the same biological process that turns the tissue around a splinter red and causes swelling in an injured toe." By that point we had been saying that very thing for five years, and it was gratifying to have the rest of the mainstream media finally catching up with us.
SO, IS CHRONIC DISEASE A THING OF THE PAST?
That was twelve years ago. We know that inflammation is the root of all ill, so why hasn't anything changed? Why aren't we seeing chronic diseases become a thing of the past if this is now a generally accepted principle?
Simple. Your doctor can't use it to pinpoint a specific disease. If they can't find a disease, they can't suggest a source of treatment.
What they're saying is that doctors are treating the inflammation- as if THAT is the problem when inflammation is the indicator of a problem. Inflammation appears when there is a reason for it, as a natural response to a trauma, toxin or thought. It is part of the body's way of healing itself, so in that regard you CAN say that inflammation is good for you. It's like a siren warning you that there's a greater problem.
Here we are, twelve years after Time Magazine runs a cover story about inflammation being a major player in health issues, and most doctors either still know nothing about it or treat it as if it were the problem. Meanwhile chronic diseases are on the rise at an alarming rate.
Your primary care physician will not run the CRP test without you pestering them. They probably won't even run it then, even though it is the best test for discovering inflammation. They're trained to prescribe medications to treat symptoms and never address the actual problem. Apparently, there's no money in making people healthy.
There is good news! The Wellness Way exists and is still leading the discussion. You can come to one of our clinics, or you can order a panel that includes the CRP from us. It's a simple blood draw that you can have done at your PCP or any blood draw facility.
Inflammation is crucial to find, and we know how to do it. It's quick and easy, and it may be a huge step on your path to personal wellness.


Suggested liquids: Apple juice, grape juice, Hi-C, Gator Aid, sodas (you may want to let the "fizz" out first), popsicles, sherbet, applesauce, Jell-O, pudding.
Not Recommended: Solids, orange juice (any citric drink), spicy foods. These are only guides. The important thing is to have your child swallow liquids. Whatever works is the best thing to give. Milk products may increase mucus secretions but if the child will only drink a milkshake and eat ice cream then it is OK to give them.
The two things that make the pain go away are taking liquid Tylenol with Codeine (you will get a prescription to take home with you) and swallowing lots of liquids.
You should rest for the first few days. You can be in a car, and they can go with to the store but they will be tired for the first several days. Avoid strenuous activity. You should stay in town for14 days after surgery in case there is delayed bleeding.


Pella has been a successful partner with ENERGY STAR since 1999. From doors to windows and all things in-between, Pella strives to give energy efficient choices and education for our consumers – and it hasn't gone unseen as Pella won the 2016 ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year for the ninth time.
Creates Comfort: Our professionals are positive in recommending ENERGY STAR certified replacement windows, because they give a stylish option for homeowners while also helping make overheated and drafty rooms more tolerable.
Protects Home: ENERGY STAR certified glass options can help preserve your home and furniture by reducing exposure from harsh sunlight and UV rays. This not only helps handle temperature, but also can help decrease the fading of furniture over time.
Options for Nearly Every Home: Not only do we have energy efficient options for every state, but for the bulk of households in the country as well. From various styles of windows and doors to unique product materials, homeowners can find the ENERGY STAR label on a large variety of products that will fit their style and budget.
Saves the Planet: Although we have eight reasons as to why we are excited about being an ENERGY STAR partner, this is one of the best. As a partner with ENERGY STAR, we are excited to have our efforts help deliver the reduction of 2.5 billion greenhouse gases that the ENERGY STAR program has completed since 1992. Talk about a successful and planet friendly mission!
The Right Thing: Overall, our top part about being involved with ENERGY STAR is the positives that come from taking care of the environment and homeowners around the country overall. Our highest priority is to create a relaxing and top-quality home environment for every customer – including those who care about energy efficiency and the planet just as much as we do.
To learn more about how you can form an energy efficient house, contact us at 336-203-0576, schedule an appointment online, or visit our Greensboro showroom.


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Photo by Liberal Democrats on Flickr
Cable presses UK immigration chief to drop security bonds
The UK's business minister Vince Cable has said that he will urge the Home Secretary Theresa May, who is responsible for the UK's immigration regime, to drop a plan to make some applicants for UK...
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UK government split by illegal immigration ad campaign
A recent advertising campaign run by the UK's Home Office has caused a public disagreement between senior ministers in the UK's Coalition government. The campaign, which ran for a week and ended on...
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Deputy Prime Minister calls for UK immigration 'security bonds'
The UK's Deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg MP, has made a speech on immigration in which he proposed the introduction of a system of bond payments in order to prevent people coming to the UK from...
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COMMENT – UK's EU dilemma over Romanian/Bulgarian immigration estimates
By Alex Owen The UK government has got itself into trouble over immigration figures again. The UK press has been asking government ministers for an estimated figure of the number of Romanians and...
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Business chief and mayor criticise UK immigration policy
The Director General of the Confederation of British Industry, John Cridland has spoken out against the UK government's commitment to cut net inward immigration into the UK from outside the EU to '...
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Lords debate income threshold for Britons with spouse immigrating to UK
The second chamber of the UK parliament, the House of Lords, debated a change to the UK's immigration rules on Tuesday 23rd October. In June 2012, the UK government announced a range of changes to...


The lives of the ancient Britons were dramatically different from the lives we lead today. There were no large cities, no written languages and for much of the Iron Age there wasn't even any money. Yet the Iron Age Celts were nothing if not creative and skilled artists, farmers, warriors, traders and craftspeople. Incredible artefacts dug from fields, rivers and graves each tell us something about how they lived their lives, their beliefs and gods they worshipped, and how they fought and died. In Everyday Life, discover how tribes were organised and the roles of warriors, chieftains and druids. Find out what Celtic people actually looked like; the hill forts, brochs and roundhouses they lived in; Celtic names and clothes; gods and goddesses and why the technique of making iron tools and weapons had such an impact on their society. Discover the Celts and the Iron Age is a classic history topic series that takes a look at aspects of life in Iron Age Britain through the objects they left behind. Aimed at readers aged 7+ studying Key Stage 2 history.


Drawing is my hobby since 2011. It's completely different field compared to graphic design. Drawing teaches me to better see world around and enjoy small things in my daily life.
Drawing is regular craft. You have to learn technique and train eyes. By training you get better and better. When you skip training for couple of months, you loose some part of your skills. If you are interested take a look at my sketches. I owe a lot to my teacher Aleš Chalupa.
One of the most difficult drawing discipline is portrait drawing. It's my most favorite one. In case you are also drawing portraits and you want to know if it looks like a human I have one tip for you. Simply try to upload your result on Facebook. If Facebook ask you to mark person on uploaded photo you achieved important milestone. :-) It's important milestone, but there is another one. The result should look like person you are drawing.
I prefer to draw with Faber-Castell pencils. The biggest advantage — compared to common pencils — are drop resistance and graphite homogeneity. I use also combination of pencil and marker from time to time. Full, vivid, black marker color is just amazing.
Drawing stumps, flowers or fruits is a bit easier compared to portaits or figures. When you manage to draw basic shape the result is pretty easy recognizable.


This is a five-week old storm petrel chick (storm petrels are an ocean-living bird that spends time on land only to breed). The chicks are left in nests built in burrows each day, while the parents search for food out at sea. I photographed it on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy last week, when we visited a Bowdoin College research station there. The researchers have about 40 burrows set up so they can easily access the chicks, which they do every day to record weight gain and other vital statistics.
This chick was simply identified as a "storm petrel" and I didn't know enough about them to ask for a species, but based on the books I suspect it is Leach's Storm Petrel.
Even with the crop to 6", this one strikes me as pushing the forum's limits because of the subject matter -- one each entire cute baby bird.
You wouldn't happen to have a nice tight crop of the little tyke's very interesting bill sitting around, would you?
Your wish is my command, Sahib!
Alas, viewed at 100%, this doesn't impress the jeeberjabbers out of me. Partly from being out of the plane of sharpest focus, and the noise from ISO 800 didn't help much (we were in a shady wooded area, where the parents dig burrows).
The only time I got involved in something similar, it was with Manx Shearwaters and at night. Sharp beaks and projectile (very fishy) vomiting were the reception that met us!
How interesting! I had thought that lump on the beak was just a lump. But in this much tighter crop it appears to be hollow. Is that an opening into nostrils, or something else?
Petrels are part of the Procellariiformes, the tubenosed swimmers. As they spend practically all their lives at sea they have a great problem getting fresh water; so they drink sea water. Not enough fresh water to excrete the salt via the kidneys. They have some sort of salt extracting glands in the head and the tubular nostrils are part of the system for excreting salt.
Interesting, many lizards (mostly desert dwellers) have a similar gland. I presume parallel evolution at work.


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Russian Company Awarded Vehicle Trackers Contract is Facing Bankruptcy Litigation
Minister Jim Muhwezi and Joint Stock Company Global Security officials exchange contracts after signing.
Joint Stock Company Global Security, a Russian company that was awarded a 10-year contract on Friday to install digital monitoring system in all motorcycles and vehicles in Uganda is facing bankruptcy litigation in Moscow, court documents in Russia reveal.
The company is also facing other debt related cases filed between 2019 and 2021 in Russia, raising questions of whether the contract in Uganda is a lifeline the company needs to beat off bankruptcy litigation for its very survival, and whether government of Uganda did adequate due diligence before engaging Global Security.
The Permanent Secretaries for the Ministry of Works Bageya Waiswa and Ministry for Presidency Yunus Kakande signed the agreement on behalf of the Ugandan government. Security Minister, Gen Jim Muhwezi witnessed the signing.
Joint Stock Company Global Security was sued by LLC "Rus Prom-Technologies" another Russian company that wants it declared bankrupt. The case was filed in the Arbitration Court of City of Moscow of September 17th 2020 and accepted on October 20th 2021.
O"n September 17, 2020, the Moscow Arbitration Court received an application from Rus-Prom-Technology on the recognition as insolvent (bankrupt) of JSC Global Security," a ruling by the Arbitration Court of City of Moscow dated 20th October 2020 reads.
"Having considered the received application and the documents attached to it, the court considers them sufficient for the acceptance of the application for hearing."
Though the case was accepted for hearing, the hearing sessions have been postponed several times as Global Security fight to pay the debt its owes Rus-Prom-Technology.
In another case filed in March 2019, Rus-Prom-Technology had sued Global Security for failure to pay 16.6 million rubles (Russia currency) which is about $220,000. And Rus-Prom-Technology won the case.
After winning the case, Rus-Prom-Technology proceeded to file a case in which it wants Global Security declared bankrupt. For Global Security to fight off bankruptcy, court has ordered it to pay Rus-Prom-Technology.
"The debtor's representative petitioned to postpone the hearing for debt repayment, the applicant's representative did not object to the request," a ruling dated 30th June 2021 reads.
"Having considered the petition to postpone the hearing, having studied the materials of the case, the court concludes that the stated request is well-founded."
Court in March further directed Global Security to produce evidence of debt repayment during the next court session on September 3rd 2021.
Global Security is facing other debt litigations in Russia. Stok-Trading LLC sued it for a debt of 1.2 million rubles which is about $16,260, Jsc Royal Silk Factory sued the company for a debt of 19.9 million rubles which is about $270,000, Turday GS sro Slovak Republic sued the company for a debt of 6.1 million rubles which is about $82,655, JSC ZVI sued the company thrice; first for a debt of 23 million rubles (about $300,000) then a debt of 10 million rubles (about $135,500) and 4.6 million rubles (about $62,330).
Global Security has also been sued by Limited Liability Partnership "Orken Alem" for a debt of 8.5 million rubles (about $ 115,175) and Gu Main Department of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation for failure to pay 10,000 rubles (about $135) and 455,00 rubles (about $600). All these cases were filed between 2019 and July 2021.
Ministry of Works Permanent Secretary Bageya Waiswa said in a phone interview that information about the company facing bankruptcy litigation in Russia is news to him.
"That is news to me. But we have our Financial Intelligence Authority, we can give them such information and they look into it. They have the network world over to probe such things," he said.
"But me, I have no comment because I am hearing it for the first time."
Rather surprisingly, the information about the company's troubles is available on Honest Business website, which curates information about businesses and companies in Russia, and FIA is expected to know this, more so as the the project is being spearheaded by the ministry of security. All details of the company's troubles are also available on the court website and are public information.
Waiswa said they did a due diligence on the company
"We don't just sign a contract with somebody we have not checked. But if there is a new development, you can't rule it out." URN
Tags: Financial Intelligence AuthorityGlobal SecurityJoint Stock Company Global SecuritySoft PowerSoft Power NewsSoftPower NewsTopTop NewsTop News Top Uganda NewsTop Uganda NewsUgandaVehicle digital trackers


The city centre of Maastricht will captivate fashionistas, shopaholics, and big spenders. The centre has the perfect shop or boutique for all ages!
Amble along Grote Staat and be dazzled by all the known and lesser-known chains you find here. Have a look around the Mosae Forum or Entre Deux shopping centres, both in the heart of the city centre. Mosae Forum is also hiding a few tasty gems in its basement! Check out the bookshop in Dominican church – an unmissable hotspot in the city centre!
This comical opera by Jacques Offenbach bubbles like a glass of champagne.
The best way to experience Maastricht is on a tour given by a local. Explore the city with someone who knows it inside out. Take the most beautiful photos of famous, historic buildings or discover places you didn't even know existed. There's something for everyone, 7 days a week.
Maastricht's city centre is compact but very complete: you'll find well-known major chains plus amazing boutiques. Looking for inspiration for a shopping spree in Maastricht?
Maastricht is a city where old and new come together, with famous as well as many hidden places. Here is a list of our favourites. Discover which district is your favourite.
Better known as the historic centre of Maastricht, this shopping paradise is surrounded by the most beautiful squares: Onze Lieve Vrouweplein, Markt, and Vrijthof.
A chic area of Maastricht: exclusive clothes shops, hidden places, and romantic squares such as Op de Thermen.
Here you can soak up Maastricht's French vibes. This special part of the city centre is named after the tranquil Jeker river that flows through it.
A place of innovation and regeneration, this district is in full bloom and is far from finished flowering. Backdropped by the historic city harbour and home to the Sphinxpassage, an ode to its rich past.
The cutting-edge area of Maastricht, this district is an architectural gem, with a vast square, city library, and fine coffee shops.
Walk from the centre via Stadspark through Sint Pieter and discover this beautiful residential area overlooked by the majestic St. Pietersberg hill.


Many people are going to cringe at the offer of an incredible ground floor business opportunity and relationships may be burned along the way. However, if the products are good enough, customers should be asking you how to join as a distributor.
Don't be enticed by the perception of easy money. Focus on the products and everything you do to satisfy and support your customers. The product should be something of quality with high repeat demand. It can't merely be a cover for the flow of commission through a pyramid shaped network.
Don't be hooked by 'the dream' – the vision of wealth and lifestyle. If you do, building a business may become a secondary consideration. It is essential to set goals but keep your feet firmly on the ground and your head out of the clouds.
There is a certainty (mathematically at least) that in time, your market area will become crowded with the very distributors you recruited; and by some you didn't recruit. There is no contractual protection of markets or territories. It is survival of the fittest, so you must ensure that you and your business are the fittest.
There must be a balance between selling product and recruiting distributors. While many focus on recruiting only, someone somewhere along the line has to buy the product. As in any business, your customers, together with quality products and quality service should be your primary areas of focus.
Understanding what you are dealing with is the first step in making your part of the MLM organisation a success. Realise now that the majority of distributors will be unsuccessful. Some will get caught up in the hype and will not focus on reality, while others will simply wither on the vine because they can't sell product and / or can't recruit distributors.
Those who start earlier or are nearer the top of the pyramid in their target geographical area are more likely to make money. Those who start later and find themselves nearer the bottom of the pyramid in an area that is becoming distributor / product saturated are more likely to struggle.
So it will pay you to do some research in your target area before you commit. Like any business, customer care and repeat sales are the keys. They in turn depend on the quality of your communication and support, together with the strength of your relationships.
Note: I do not operate any form of MLM business, and I have no affiliations with MLM organisations. I am an independent, professional specialising in business business coaching in Brisbane. I am expressing my own views based on 25 years of coaching experience. I have coached and advised clients who have participated in MLM business, and some who have sought advice before committing. I have coached many more clients who have not participated in MLM business. So if you would like an independent appraisal of any business opportunity, please contact me.
Business coaching Brisbane for MLM businesses What exactly is financial control?


Need Money for College? Fill out the FAFSA each year. Opens Oct 1 2 of 5 showing Need Money for College?
Need Money Tips? Visit the Money Education Center in the Pavilion 1st floor 4 of 5 showing Need Money Tips?
Welcome to the Texas A&M University scholarships website. Scholarships are a great way to help pay for college and are one of many ways that you can fund your education. University scholarships are awarded on the basis of academic merit, leadership/participation, and financial need or any combination of these items. University scholarships are awarded by Scholarships & Financial Aid as well as academic colleges/departments and other units.
Use the grey bar on the upper left-hand side of this page to find information about scholarship programs and applications based on the type of student you are or will be. The buttons above are quick links to applications, a list of dates to remember, additional scholarships, forms, and to the Howdy portal. Visit our News and Calendar for more about what is happening both on and off-campus.


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Start Over You searched for: Copyright Public domain ✖Remove constraint Copyright: Public domain Subjects Army Medical Museum (U.S.) ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Army Medical Museum (U.S.) Genre Exhibitions ✖Remove constraint Genre: Exhibitions
1. Description of the models of hospital steam vessels from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C
United States. Surgeon-General's Office.
Chicago, Ills. : [s.n.], 1892
Hospitals, Military
Naval Medicine
Army Medical Museum (U.S.)
2. Description of selected specimens from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C
3. Description of microscopes from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C
Chicago, Ills. : [s.n.], 1892-93
4. Description of the models of hospital cars from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C
Army Medical Museum (U.S.)✖[remove]4
World's Columbian Exposition4
Hospitals, Military2
United States. Surgeon-General's Office.4
Description of microscopes from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C1
Description of selected specimens from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C1
Description of the models of hospital cars from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C1
Description of the models of hospital steam vessels from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C1
Catalogs1


What Is the Best Way to Boost the Economy and Create More Jobs?
The publication of two new books is causing a reevaluation of the financial rescue and its aftermath, e.g. "The Case Against the Bernanke-Obama Financial Rescue". The two books are "Stress Test" by Timothy Geithner, former Treasury Secretary, and "House of Debt" by the economists Atif Mian and Amir Sufi.
Mr. Mian and Mr. Sufi maintain that the government's response to the financial crisis should have focused less on saving the banking system and more on the problem of excessive household debt. They discovered in their research that, during the housing bubble, less affluent people were spending as much as 25 – 30 cents for every dollar of increase in housing equity. When the bubble burst, and housing prices started to fall, these borrowers cut way back on spending which caused many businesses to lay off employees. The authors propose setting up a government program to help borrowers decrease what they owe in underwater mortgages.
The Keynesians say the best way to stimulate the economy is with more government (deficit) spending. For example, spending several hundred billion dollars a year on infra-structure would create hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of new construction jobs. I think this is a good idea, but only if it's paid for with a new tax (e.g. a carbon tax or a wealth tax).
The Mian/Sufi plan, as described above, would alleviate mortgage debt problems for millions of middle class homeowners who are still under water, encouraging them to spend more money which would in turn boost the economy. The problem is that the M/S plan creates a moral hazard for mortgage holders unless it's paid for by mortgage insurance which would raise costs for borrowers.
Broad-based tax reform, with lower tax rates for everyone, paid for by closing loopholes and limiting tax deductions for the wealthy, would automatically put more income in the hands of the two-thirds of tax payers who do not itemize deductions. These middle class wage earners would tend to spend this extra money thereby boosting the economy.
The point is that there very definitely are ways to boost the economy, some better than others, and it should be a top priority of Congress and the President to get this done.
This entry was posted in Amir Sufi, Atif Mian, economic growth, Economic Policy Institute, economy, fiscal policy, financial crisis, Jack Heidel, middle class, New York Times, pro-growth economic policy, pro-growth tax reform, Timothy Geithner, underemployment, unemployment and tagged Carbon tax, debt, deficit, economic growth, fiscal responsibility, jack heidel, New York Times, tax reform, wealth tax by jackheidel. Bookmark the permalink.


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Orsolya András
Local Buildings
The Jewish Hospital of Cluj
From Chevra Kadisha to the project of a hospital
The Chevra Kadisha is a charitable organisation usually run by religious Jewish communities. The Chevra Kadisha of Cluj has traditionally provided healthcare services to the poor members of the community. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the organisation has employed one or two doctors who would home visit the patients and bring them medication bought from donations offered to the charity. However, only two doctors and one medical practice with two beds for emergency cases were not sufficient for the entire community, because, despite common stereotypes, most of the local Jewish people had a rather modest income. There was also an increasing need for specialised healthcare, which, at that time, was only available in private medical practices and sanatoriums, and was very expensive.
In 1907, during a meeting held at the Chevra Kadisha, the chief rabbi of Cluj, Mózes Glasner, suggested that the community should found a hospital, following the example from Oradea, where there has been a Jewish hospital since 1830. This is how, in 1921, the National Association for the Jewish Hospital was created. The plan was to open a modern hospital with 500 beds, which would offer healthcare services to all Jewish people from Romania.
Because of the precarious economic situation, the fundraising was not very successful until 1926, when the project received the generous support of the couple Dávid and Karolina Sebestyén. Dávid Sebestyén came from a poor family living in Cuzdrioara (near Dej), and as a teenager he started working as a stonemason. Later, he became the owner of a stone quarry and the wealthiest construction entrepreneur in Transylvania. On the 28th of December 1926, he and his wife celebrated their golden wedding anniversary and wanted to offer a donation to the Jewish community on this occasion. Following the advice of rabbi Akiba Glasner, son of Mózes Glasner, who suggested them to make a contribution for the hospital, the Sebestyéns offered an estate with several buildings, at the time used as apartments, stores and workshops, as well as a generous amount of money for this noble cause.
The Sebestyén family. Karolina and Dávid are the two elderly people in the middle of row 3.
Progress and modernisation
Initially, the hospital functioned in the refurbished buildings donated by the Sebestyén family. Emergency medical services were available for patients belonging to any confession and any social class. For people with a low income, the treatment was administered free of charge.
The project of the hospital started to flourish as the organisation was taken over by the lawyer József Sebestyén, son of Dávid and Karolina. With great devotion and good business skills, József always found a way to convince people and local companies to support the hospital. The original buildings were renovated, and an ambulatory with 32 doctors was established. The hospital met a huge demand of healthcare services in the whole region: at that time, a third of the patients came from the surroundings of Cluj, and only 60% of them were Jewish. The new hospital continued to help those in need, offering free treatment for those who couldn't afford the standard prices.
On the 10th of November 1929, a new hospital building was inaugurated. It was designed by the architect Emil Devecseri and built from the donations gathered by József Sebestyén. The capacity of the hospital grew to 28 beds, while the ambulatory was provided with wards for gynaecology, surgery, ophthalmology, and radiology, using the newest equipment available at the time. In 1929, the magazine "Ellenzék" published an article regarding the inauguration ceremony: it was an important event for the whole city which took place in the presence of members of the local council, high ranked army officers, rabbis, as well as members of female charities, directors of high schools and university students. The article highlights the humanitarian nature of this project, stating that the opening of the new hospital was a great reason to celebrate not only for the Jewish community, but for all the people who were ill and suffering, regardless of their social status.
Page from the newspaper "Ellenzék", with an article about the inauguration ceremony, 1929. Source: Arcanum Adatbázis
In 1930, the doctors of the Jewish Hospital founded the "Paul Ehrlich" Society, which organised conferences and courses for doctors, where they could improve their skills and learn about the latest results in research. The society also functioned as a labour union for the hospital employees.
The golden age of the Jewish Hospital
The Jewish Hospital of Cluj gradually became one of the most modern and well-equipped healthcare institutions of the country. Internationally acclaimed experts worked there, such as the highly qualified dermatologist dr. Ede Goldberger, the internist dr. Mór Fenichel, the surgeon dr. Marcell Haas, who taught at Wrocław University, or university professor dr. Marcell Roth. Besides helping people with a low income, the hospital reached its second goal, which was to offer Jewish doctors a place where they could practice their profession.
The hospital building in 1931.
On the 6th September 1931, a new hospital wing was opened, accommodating the internal medicine and paediatric wards. According to the statistics presented at the opening ceremony, by then the doctors there have treated 14.000 ambulatory patients, 940 hospitalized patients, have performed 400 complex operations and have assisted the birth of 185 babies. Among the attendees of the festivity were Iuliu Hațieganu, rector of the University of Medicine, and Victor Papilian, professor at the same institution. Showing their respect to the founders of the hospital, both of them included in their speeches quotes from the sacred texts of Judaism. Secretary of State Victor Hodor, who was also present at the ceremony, expressed his admiration that the new wing was finalised despite the hardships of the Great Depression.
In his speech, the famous ophthalmologist József Hamburg compared the Jewish Hospital with healthcare institutions from the past and highlighted that this establishment encompassed all the benefits of industrial, technological and scientific improvements. As a matter of fact, the Jewish Hospital of Cluj had already had three laboratories for serological and bacteriological investigations, and the histological laboratory was under construction. The equipment of the radiology ward was revolutionary for that time, and in the meantime the capacity of the hospital grew to 85 beds. Dr. Hamburg also mentioned that each of his colleagues tended to specialise in a certain field, therefore a polyclinic hospital model such as the Jewish Hospital was necessary for a good cooperation between the different specialists. The hospital had all the departments of a modern polyclinic, except for psychiatric and infectious diseases wards.
The opening ceremony of the new hospital wing, 6th of September 1931.
Besides its excellent medical results, the hospital also flourished financially, thanks to József Sebestyén's dedication. Each year, he would organise the Jewish Hospital Days in Transylvania, as well as charity balls and lotteries during the holiday of Hanukkah. The hospital reached the zenith of its glory in 1936, as it was as modern as any university clinic in the country, and employed the most qualified medical staff.
The downfall of the hospital and the post-war period
In the second half of the 1930s, anti-Semitism, nationalism and hate speech unfortunately gained more ground in the region. In that context, the Jewish Hospital of Cluj faced more and more obstacles. In 1938, doctors who had graduated at any other university than Romanian universities could not practice freely anymore. Their degree certificates had to be sent to Bucharest to be "accredited". In 1940, the Chamber of Physicians was reorganised and doctors could only practice legally if they were accepted as members. However, in Cluj only 9% of the members ought to be Jewish people.
During those times, the Jewish Hospital could barely function: the doctors either had lost their licence or were taken to forced labour camps. In 1944, the deportation of Jewish people from Northern Transylvania began. By the time the front line approached the city, the hospital was left with no doctors and no patients.
In 1945, the local press gave an account of Jewish doctors returning to Cluj from concentration camps. In the same year, the Chamber of Physicians was reorganized once again, and a year later Jewish healthcare and educational institutions resumed their activity. However, the Jewish Hospital never regained its pre-war status. In 1948, it was nationalised, and, today, the building is owned by the Regional Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
The Regional Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology today.
Gaal György: A kolozsvári Zsidó Kórház. Orvostudományi Értesítő 2016/2. 95-102.
Gidó Attila: Erdélyi zsidó intézmények a két világháború között. Korunk 2002/4.
Hamburg József: A kolozsvári Zsidó Kórház megnyitására (1931). Korunk 2014/9. 81-83.
Ezrek jelenlétében, nagy ünnepség keretében avatták fel tegnap a kolozsvári Zsidókórházat. Ellenzék 1929/258. 4.
Orsolya András graduated from the Faculty of Letters, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj. Since 2012 she works as a freelance translator. Between September 2021 and February 2022 she was museum assistant at Muzeon.


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Q: Two returns in Closures I'm New to swift here. Was reading closures on weheartswift. There is one section talking about capturing value. Two questions here:

*

*How do I understand the two returns here?

*Why this closure captures the previous value from variable, shouldn't i be initialized every time from the value of start, which is always 0?

Code :
func makeIterator(start: Int, step: Int) -> () -> Int {

    var i = start

    return {
        i += step
        return i
    }
}

var iterator = makeIterator(0, 1)

iterator() // 1

iterator() // 2

iterator() // 3

A: Like this:
var i = start
return /*the following is a closure that returns an Int:*/{
    i += step
    return i
}/*< end of closure*/

What's being returned is a closure. { return i } is actually a function that returns the value of i.
You could also write it this way:
func makeIterator(start: Int, step: Int) -> () -> Int {

    var i = start
    func iterate() -> Int {
        i += step
        return i
    }
    return iterate
}

A closure is functionality + state. The "state" here is the local variable i.
The closure "closes over" i, meaning that each time the closure is executed it will be looking at the same i which it can modify. This is true even after the closure is returned from the function. When you call it multiple times, it updates its internal state and returns the new value.

A: It is seems like function returns function as its value. returned function doesn't take any argument and returns a integer value. I recommend you to have a look at Swift documentation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Club News 2016-17 continues on page 2 click here
New Yorkshire Rotary Digital Group At our meeting on April 7th visiting Rotarian Richard Booth explained to the Club the setting up and early days of the new Regional "e-Club" who now meet on-line.
Steve Burton has submited his own "eee-report":
"What the 'eck! – an'eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee club for Rotary Yorkshire
Digital expert Rotarian Richard Booth of Wetherby visited full of enthusiasm, extolling the energy and effort being expended in expediting this new exciting enterprise. Whilst some elderly experienced Rotarians lacked enlightenment he exorcised their evocations by explicit example expelling all doubts and encouraging all find elucidation and to enter this new exhilarating environment. By eliminating existing attendance at normal meal meetings exorbitant expenditure could be eradicated. Entry is by enrolment at www.yorkshire-rotary.digital after which a reminder will be issued the day before the meeting takes place – at that time simply log in to zoom and take part in their preliminary meetings. Whilst 'it may not be Rotary as we know it' - you might even eventually find everlasting enjoyment!"
Sunny Days at Matfen A group of 50 members and partners ventured up to Northumberland for the three-day mini-break at Matfen Hall from April 4th to 6th. In contrast to 2016's visit, this time the sun shone brightly as we all enjoyed great fellowship, fun and (optional) activities including 9 holes of golf (won by the unlikely pairing of Barry Campbell and Frank Paterson), swimming and spa, two fiendish quizzes at successive dinners, a moderately strenuous walk in the delightlful Coquet Valley at Rothbury; and various excursions members - and/or their partners! - made to shopping towns such as Corbridge (with its Roman city remains), local heritage sights, Hadrian's Wall, or the east coast. After enjoying great company, accommodation and food, we all reluctantly made our way back to York. Huge thanks to David Sweeney, who assisted by Tom, John and David, and the Fellowship Committee, organised the trip and the activities.
Pedalling for York Against Cancer In May 2017 club member Patrick Shepherd and the York Pedallers are cycling from York to Paris(500 miles) in aid of York Against Cancer. Patrick (on right in photo) and the team always supported by David Thompson have already raised £86,000 for York Against Cancer from their efforts on two bike rides between Lands End and John O,Groats. From their ride to Paris they want to raise at least £14,000 to take their total contribution to York Against Cancer to more than £100,000. You can help Patrick raise money for this great cause by donating directly to their fund raising page at www.justgiving.com/YorkPedallers1 or a cheque to Patrick made payable to York Against Cancer.
(Click photos
to enlarge)
Visit to RSPCA York Animal Centre. Frank reports.. What goes on in the treelined RSPCA site of just over an acre adjacent to the Water End approach to Clifton Bridge was a revelation to the group of 10 who visited the location on April 21st. Valerie Hirst, the site manager ,her staff of 30 full and part timers and over 130 volunteers in a complex of 9 purpose built units provide TLC for a range of dogs , cats , small animals and birds. The majority of the current 54 dogs , 37 cats and about 20 small animals resident in the centre have been traumatised and are mainly referred to the centre by RSPCA Inspectors in the York & Harrogate area. The aim of Valerie and her helpers is to remedy the ill treatment they have invariably experienced, restore the animals relationships with people and find them new homes. They have arrangements with Minster Vets for professional services and provide daily public clinics for advice and with subsidised treatment charges. They also use external animal behavioural specialists to help animals re adjust. It is a very well structured and enlightened approach with the prime object of rehoming.
Walking for Polio Plus On April 20th the Club's annual Charity Walk took place around Bugthorpe, with two different length walks both starting and finishing from the Village Hall. In fine weather, with great company and lovely views over the Wolds, the walks were greatly enjoyed, and only surpassed by the wonderful buffet prepared by Diana Naish and her many helpers, which looked like feeding the 5000 in the amount available, including sumptuous desserts not forgetting Geoff Brown's famous Apple Pie (with cheese, of course). Many thanks to walk organisers NIgel Naish and David Heasman and the International Committee. This was the second event in support of Rotary's Polio Plus "final push" and the 40+ participants raised over £500 (final figure tbc).
Sponsoring DGE Robert's Marathon As part of Rotary's "big push" to eliminate the last remaining cases of Polio worldwide - which is now within reach - the incoming DIstrict Governor Robert Morphet is leading by example and raising money by running the Edinburgh Marathon in May. Club members have put together sponsorship for Robert to a total of over £400. This will be part of a number of projects within the Club to raise funds for Polio Plus. These funds are then tripled b as a result of a "double-matching" from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Robert is pictured in his "Paws 4 Polio" running gear, with Rotary National President Eve Conway.
Donation to York MIND The photo shows President Eileen with Rosanna Andrews (Fundraiser) and Mark Willis (Training Officer) at the headquarters of mental health services provider MIND in York. The Club has donated £500 to assist with venue costs to enable the continuation of a successful course called "Right To be You". We have also developed a link between Mind and Door 84, where the follow-on courses may well be located.
Showing off our new Public Image The lovely sunny weather and our regular fundraising and cafe sale at St Crux on May 3rd provided the perfect opportunity also to show off the brand new Gazebo and banners that the Club have just purchased to improve our "Public Awareness" and project a brighter more modern image for the Club. With added yellow streamers and balloons, and branded t-chirts and aprons, the site looked more like a professional summer garden party than a fundraising sale, and the result was a large crowd and a very successful sale, raising over £1250 for our Charity funds. Congratulations to DIana and her fundraising team on another great event, and to the public Image team who masterminded the design and production of the gazebo and banners.
All aboard, Captains.. The 2017 York Rotary Dragon Boat Challenge was "launched" at the Captain's Briefing held on May 9th at York City Rowing Club's premises. Captains or their representatives from (almost) all of the 36 teams entered for this year's event were there to hear Committee Chair David Fotheringhm and his team explain the procedures, sponsorship expectations and safety aspects of the event which will take place on Sunday July 9th. The air of excitement and positiveness was palpable, and we are in for a great day as we - hopefully - reach the target of £1million raised for charity over the past 15 years, alongside a fun and exciting day's racing.
Vocational visit to York Kent Street, Fire Station Frank reports...
On May 12th a visit was arranged to the £4.2m fire and rescue station which replaced the historic building in Clifford Street in 2016 .It is one of the three stations in York crewed 24 hours a day by full time fire fighters. They provide an emergency response service to fire and other emergencies, including road traffic collisions, chemical spillages and flooding; response to life threatening incidents; and advice, education and community safety initiatives to reduce the incidences of fires, road traffic accidents and other life threatening hazards. There is also a fully equipped power boat for water emergencies located in the station. Training is a constant and we were given a demonstration of how the fire service dealt with a road accident when a car had to be cut apart to remove an injured driver. The powerful battery powered cutters reminded one of the group of the Bond 007 villain. A very informative , impressive visit and thanks to Barry Campbell for organising..
Jorvik - the Fourth Incarnation On May 12th we welcomed Sarah Maltby from the (just re-opended) Jorvik Viking Centre museum. Sarah explained the background to the interactive museum which opened first in 1984 but has gone through four "re-vamps" since then, most recently this year with a £4.5m restoration after the December 2015 flood devastation. Based entirely on actual archaeology on the Coppergate site, the museum, with its "ride-on" journey through reconstructions of houses trades, lifestyle and very realistic animatronics, is now one of York's top attractions. New themes have now been included includingViking slavery, trades, music and poetry and the depth of thought that has gone in to the displays is remarkable. Highlight of the show was of course, "Peter Nicholson's rat"!!
Man of Action to York Rotarian Steve reports... On May 5th Mike Sullivan entertained us all to an insight to his Army life from enlisting straight from school in Leeds,' having had education beaten into him', to retirement in his 60s, a full career in service of The Queen. Having keen sporting interest in athletics, rugby and cricket the Army, of course, proved the most appropriate outlet for his talents with its fitness requirements. Mike served in all the hotspots of the world in his first 20 years or so, including a spell as Trainer at the US Ranger School, a huge accolade to a man nearing his 40s still prepared to frequently jump out of perfectly serviceable airplanes. Serious illness curtailed his 'active' soldiering and he was confined to desk top duties missing out on Iraq 2, and Afghanistan amongst others, much to his chagrin. Many aspects of the Army's continuing influence described, with much emphasis placed on its Peacekeeping/Humanitarian roles, as well as Fighting force, despite rapidly reducing numbers. A feeling prevailed that there was much more to hear and it should be noted that, having read Mike's application CV, none of Council dared raise an objection to his joining, where he is already showing his organisational mettle.
Holgate Mill Grinds Again On May 26th Richard Green a key member of the volunteer group set up in 2001 talked to us about The History and Renovation of Holgate Mill. Holgate Windmill's builder and first miller was George Waud who got the Mill first working by October 1770. It is York's last surviving windmill and the oldest 5-sailed windmill in the country. As a Tower Mill with 5 double shuttered sails measuring some 10feet by 35 feet it is as such the only one in the world. It was very badly damaged in 1930 by high winds and although there were various attempts to effect repair it was not until 2001 that the Holgate Windmill Preservation Society was formed and through the dedication of its volunteers and a huge amount of fundraising the Mill is now working once more. Visitors can explore 4 floors (including an "award winning toilet"), when wind permits see the sails turning and operating the machinery inside the building and buy traditional stone-ground flour. A fascinating talk which demonstrated how passion, dedication and commitment can achieve great things.
Alzheimer's Society The statistics regarding Dementia in the UK are shocking - one in three people born today will develop dementia, by 2025 there will be over one million people living with dementia. Our speaker on June 9th was Hannah Riley, Community Fundraiser for Alzheimer's Society, and she painted a vivid and scary picture of the disease, it's impact, and the work that the Society is doing to support sufferers - and their carers; to invest in world-class research; and to raise awareness. The Society is one of Club's "Nominated Charities" benefitting from this July's Dragon Boat Challenge, which will support local initiatives that the Society are taking, particularly Carer information and support programmes; and increased "Demetia Clinics". Although Hannah was not certain whether the perceived increase in numbers suffering from Altzheimer's/dementia is real or a result of better reporting, the costs are huge. Two thirds of the annual cost of dementia is paid by people living with the disease and their families - equivalent to £17.6 Billion. Hannah invited members to help the Society where they can, through volunteer programmes and social action such as becoming Dementia Friends. More information is available on the Society's website.
York Against Cancer On June 2nd we were privileged to have Julie Russell as our guest speaker. We are all aware of this local charity and their fantastic work but Julie gave us an in-depth insight into just how much this organisation does. Established in 1997 with Aims of : Improve and Support Cancer Care for patients and families, Fund Education and Awareness and Fund Ground Breaking Cancer Research they have raised more than £14 million over this 30 year period. In their 25th year they set up a free minibus service from York to St James's Hospital in Leeds for patients who require Radiotherapy treatment which covers some 16,000 miles a year and they also have seaside homes in Whitby and Filey offering patients, their families and friends respite breaks. This year they have managed to fund a mobile chemotherapy unit at a cost of £700,000 to help patients in the outlying areas of north-east Yorkshire. More information is on their website.
A truly inspirational talk and a truly inspirational organisation.
Macmillan Cancer Support. On June 16th we welcomed Sarah Tuckwell, Fundraising manager in the York and surrounding areas for Macmillan Cancer Support, the second of our Club's "Nominated Charities" benefitting from this July's Dragon Boat Challenge. In 1911 a young man named Douglas Macmillan watched his father die of cancer. His father's pain and suffering moved Douglas so much, he founded the Society for the Prevention and Relief of Cancer and started to change the lives of so many people. Their development has seen many milestones : they hold two records for the world's biggest coffee mornings raising £10 million and £25 million respectively in 2014 they became the Marketing Society's "Brand of the Year" and their services now reach over 6 million people at a time when 1 in 2 people will be affected by cancer. York and district has around 4600 people living with or beyond cancer and this is expected to double by 2030.Their latest project "Advance Care Planning and Benefits" has recently been launched initially funded by Macmillan themselves for 2 years and which will undoubtedly save the NHS money in the long term. We are proud and privileged that our 2017 Dragon Boat Challenge will be able to support this new initiative in York by Macmillan Cancer Support.
A Rocky path for Rotarians On the Club walk on June 22nd eight of us set out from beautiful Goathland on what was supposed to be a gentle stroll along West Beck. But a lot has changed since Steve last visited this stretch of river about 50 years ago (!) and now erosion had resulted in a formidable number of rocks, crevices and boggy patches that made the going into more of an assault course, which everyone bravely tackled without any dissent, despite the slippery conditions resulting in several falls and minor scrapes. We made it the delightful Mallyon Spout and in order to get to lunch at the allotted hour, then took a short-cut up the hill back to Goathland, completing about 3 miles in all. It was "an experience" – even a bonding experience - and both the scenery and company was delightful. Back at the Mallyon Spout Hotel we enjoyed an excellent lunch and had plenty to talk about! Steve was understandably apologetic about the conditions, but in fairness the real problem turned out to be that we had somehow missed a sign at the beginning of that path that said it was "closed due to erosion"!! Nonetheless it was an enjoyable day – thank you Steve.
Visit to York Blind & Partially Sighted Society Frank reports... Diane Rowarth, the CEO of this independent local charity gave us a very informative presentation about their work and a conducted tour round their premises in Rougier Street on June 23rd .The resource centre has an amazing range of equipment, designed to help blind and partially sighted people, and sourced by the Society and sold with no markup. The new premises also allows for community activities and regular group activities for exercise, crafts, books, sculpture. Mary Lumley signed up to help run a monthly singing group. The visiting service operated by volunteers is a real boon and a couple of hours company once a week or once a fortnight provides social stimulus for people who may be isolated and lonely. The demand exceeds the supply of visitors so please consider getting involved as a visiting volunteer. Training is given. The scale of the need surprised us. Over 600 people attended the York eye clinic last year and 120 became registered with impaired vision. 80% are aged over 60. Over 1700 visits were made to the resource centre last year. The Society no longer gets financial support from the NHS or the City Council and the fundraising target for next year is £180,000. So YBPSS are once again hoping for a successful result from their entry in this years Dragon Boat - they deserve it. [Many thanks to Frank for arranging this fascinating visit. Ed]
A gift from Brazil At our business meeting on June 23rd we enjoyed the company of a visitor from Brazil, Monica Bandeira, who now works as an Admissions Officer at the University of York. Her late father had been Past President of the Rotary Club of Bahia, in Salvador on the East coast of Brazil; and Monica is to be a participant in one of the boats in our upcoming Dragon Boat Challenge on July 9th. So she was keen to visit us, and she presented the Club with a cheque for £150, from the Rotary Club of Bahia, as a donation towards the Dragon Boat event and our nominated charities. We hope Monica will keep up her link with us and look forward to welcoming her to future meetings – and of course seeing her on the river!
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Our meeting rooms and boardrooms can facilitate everything from small continental breakfasts to large sit-down dinners.
The upstairs facility is located away from the hustle and bustle of the casino action and can be used for everything from small continental breakfasts to large sit-down dinners.
Need a smaller space? We have two boardrooms available for rental.


text:
EPO President Battistelli and Vice-President Topić Are Having Political Problems
Summary: Some political news from France and from Croatia, where Benoît Battistelli and Željko Topić (respectively) come from
THE European Patent Office is under political fire from many directions these days. Some examples that are not publicly known (yet) may be shown here later this month or next month.
According to this new comment: "In a reaction of President Battistelli dated 20 November 2015 (http://www.pyleborgn.eu/2015/11/crise-a-loeb-reponse-du-president-battistelli/ ) on the letter of Pierre-Yves Le Borgn` député des Français de l`étranger dated 18 November 2015 send to Mr. Emmanuel Macron, Ministre de l`Economie et de l`Ìndustrie I read the following:
Battistell: ¨Tout d'abord, il est totalement faux d'affirmer que des « interrogatoires d'une rare violence » auraient été menés. Cela est d'autant plus facile à prouver que ces interviews sont enregistrées. Par ailleurs, il n'est pas acceptable de jeter ainsi le discrédit sur l'unité d'enquête de l'Office, composée de mères et de pères de familles dévoués a une tâche souvent bien difficile mais indispensable dans la lutte contre la fraude, le harcèlement et autres délits qui peuvent déstabiliser notre organisation.¨
In English ¨First of all, it is completely false to affirm that of them " cross-examinations of a rare violence" would have been led. It is of as much easier to prove than these interviews are recorded. Otherwise, it is not acceptable to throw the discredit thus on the unit of investigation of the office, composed of mothers and fathers of devoted families having a task often very difficult but indispensable in struggle against the fraud, the harassment and other offenses that can destabilize our organization.¨
The commenter added this personal opinion: "Your behavior is disgusting Battistelli. You speak about fathers and mothers in the Investigation Unit. The disciplinary committee did not recommend dismissal for Ion Brumme because he has five children – one is just a baby – and a loan to pay on his house, but YOU Battistelli dismissed him. Shame shame shame. Battistelli writes further that these interviews of the Investigation Unit are recorded. Why was it not allowed to Mrs Els Hardon to make recordings? I am sure you have many things to hide. Of course you will never make public your, perhaps manipulated, recordings. The trial of Mrs Hardon of her disciplinary procedure is missing even elementary fundamental principles of the law.It also seems that Mr R. Lutz feels home in this dictatorial system."
Not only Battistelli is having political problems.
Željko Topić, Battistelli's right-hand man, is having his defamation case discontinued after it repeatedly collapsed (and caused great financial damage to the accused) while a new Croatian Government has just been announced.
"It looks like Mr. Topić's old friend (the former minister Dragan Primorac)," one source told us, "did not make it into the new Croatian government." (source: "Prime Minister-Designate Orešković Presents New Croatian Government")
"He had originally been tipped as the most likely candidate for the Foreign Affairs Ministry," we have been told, "but it could be that the whiff of scandal (relating to Topić) counted against him."
"In case further prosecution is sought," we replied, one can "guess there will be fewer strings left to pull from up above."
We previously showed how Topić was, by the face of it, trying to select politically-connected lawyers for his case. "I am very curious about the other criminal charges allegedly or reportedly pressed against Topić," I added. The mysteries surrounding Topić in Croatia can help explain union-busting, which seems to be the 'department' of Topić and Raimund Lutz these days. Recall what Topić did in Croatia when people expressed disagreement. █
Links 9/1/2022: GitHub Abandonment and antiX 17.5


Alhaji Shehu Ahmed, Commissioner of Works and Infrastructure said funds would be utilised to remodel the airport's terminal building, provide an operational cargo terminal and cold stores for preservation of perishable goods for export.
Chris Igwe, Managing Director, Mainland Oil and Gas, on Tuesday said the company planned to invest about N2 billion in mega filling stations across the country.
The President, West African Union of Tax Institutes (WAUTI), Mr Kunle Quadri, on Saturday urged Nigerians to desist from destructive criticism of government policies in the interest of national growth.
Quadri told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Lagos that constructive criticisms would enable governments to evolve policies that would protect the interest of the people.
He said that although some laws and policies were not favourable to the masses, Nigerians must always express their views properly.
``For instance, there are existing laws in the nation's tax system which are not in the best interest of the masses.
He said that the situation resulted in multiple taxation.
Quadri said that multiple taxation persisted because taxpayers were not adequately represented in the decision making.
He advised the citizens to participate well in any referendum that could be called by government to amend any laws.