Our Prison Server offers a fantastic Minecraft 1.8-1.12 prison atmosphere with lots of great plugins.
Mob arena, cells, stores, pvp and no pvp zones, spleef events, escapes, and more!!
We have a great ranking system with more unlockables as you climb in the ranks.
When you join the prison you will start as a Newbie. After reading the rules you can rank up to a D-Prisoner for Free!
D-Prisoner - A D-Prisoner is a prisoner that is at the bottom of the totem pole! It will cost $2,500 for a D-Prisoner to rank up.
C-Prisoner - C-Prisoner is where the real fun starts. As a C-Prisoner you will be able to enter the portal zone behind the shop on the 2nd floor of the cell block you're in, from C-Block up to A-Block. Also, this is the rank where you can start to mine more than just Stone, Coal, and Iron Ore.
B-Prisoner - A B-Prisoner has the same rights as a C-Prisoner, with a few extra perks. As a B-Prisoner you are able to enter the B-Block, and through the B-Block you can enter the mob area from the portal zone. In the mob area you are able to slay monsters at a controlled rate to obtain items to craft with or sell to the mob-area shop!
A-Prisoner - This is the top of the prison ranks. As an A-Prisoner you will be respected by other players as they see you have worked your way up in the ranks. You will have MUCH better mining rates, and a lot more privileges throughout the server!
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Yes even guards have different ranks, starting at Snitch and ending at Captain!
Snitch - A Snitch is a person who's guard application was accepted and is now in a trial phase. While in the Trial phase, the Snitch will be watched / monitored on the server and the forum to assure they are fit to be a Guard.
Guard - Once a Snitch is deemed competent and mature enough to be in a place of power they are ranked up to a Guard. As a Guard, your job is to make sure the prison rules are followed. You may have to take swords, mute, or jail people. IN extreme cases you will be allowed to request a person be banned with sufficient evidence!
Lieutenant - This is the 2nd highest non-administrative position on the server! A person with this rank has all the powers of a Guard, but is able to proceed with the banning of people, resetting of mines, and a few more non public features.
Captain - A Captain is the head of the guards with only one person above him or her, The warden. A Captain can do just about anything to make sure the server is safe from: Hackers, Modders, Griefers, and Exploiters!


A bunch of stuff for the unconcerned.
This page wasn't here originally - it has been added from the future and dated incredualy (a made up word meaning 'in a way that beggars belief ').
It's to let you know that the MAJORITY of the Blog's 2013 content (with the exception of June, September, November and December which were published on the Front Page and available in the PAST POSTS drop down menu) was divided between four of the Blog's Other Pages that are NOT listed in the 'Some of the OTHER Pages' - List, that appears on the afore mentioned Front Page.
They are individually accessible by clicking on these highlighted links.
Welcome. Orientation Links, to be explored.
WHERE ON EARTH DO I FIND 2013?
THROUGH A LOOKING GLASS (A Series of Guest Posts).
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Stuff I DO NOT understand!
Out of context quotes about this blog by some of its readers; and links to their own excelent work.
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India : Sagarmala: Revolutionizing logistics in India through port led development
Sagarmala, the ambitious programme for Port-led development in the country is all set to change the logistics sector performance by optimizing Indias logistics modal mix. The flagship programme by the Ministry of Shipping will help in reducing the logistics cost for both domestic and EXIM cargo with optimized infrastructure investment. An overall cost savings of INR 35,000 to 40,000 Crore per annum by 2025 is estimated from the same.
According to a study conducted under the Sagarmala programme, there lies a significant potential for moving raw materials and finished products using coastal shipping and inland waterways which is 60-80% cheaper than road or rail transport. Although the share of coastal shipping and inland waterways in the countrys modal mix remains low, an emphasis on coastal shipping to complement road and rail transport can lead to overall logistic cost savings.
The programme aims to increase movement of coal through coastal route from 27 MTPA in FY 2016 to 129 MTPA by 2025 and increase the share of inland waterways and coastal shipping in modal mix to increase from 6% to 12%. The programme envisions reduction in the cost of power generation by Rs 0.50 per unit of power.
It is estimated that for power plants located 800 to 1,000 km away from coal mines, the cost of coal logistics can contribute up to 35 per cent of the cost of power production. Particularly in the case of the Coastal power plants in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, that currently receive coal from Mahanadi Coalfields by Railways, significant savings can be achieved by taking coal through the rail-sea-rail (RSR) route. It is estimated that coastal movement of coal to these plants can result in annual savings of over INR 10,000 Crore to the power sector.
In addition, up to 50 Million tonnes of coal can be moved via coastal shipping for non-power thermal coal users (for example steel plants). Other commodities such as steel, cement, fertilizers, POL and food grains could also be moved via coastal shipping to the extent of about 80-85 MN tonnes by 2025. Additionally, an estimated 60 to 70 MN tones of cargo can also be moved over inland waterways (with focus on NW1, NW2,NW4 and NW5) by 2025.
The concept of "port led development" is central to the Sagarmala vision. Port led development focuses on logistics intensive industries (where transportation either represents a high proportion of costs, or timely logistics are a critical success factor). The population in adjoining areas would have to be sufficiently skilled to participate in economic opportunities on offer. The synergistic and coordinated development of four components, namely logistics intensive industries, efficient ports, seamless connectivity and requisite skill-base will lead to unlocking of economic value.
India, where the logistics cost (19% of GDP) is amongst the highest in the world will undergo complete transformation under the Sagarmala Programme, by unlocking the full potential of Indias coastline and waterways.
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Index > Interconfessional Dialogues > L-RC > Joint Statement | CONTENTS
Church and Justification
Understanding the Church in the Light of the Doctrine of the Justification
JUSTIFICATION AND THE CHURCH
1.1.	Justification and the Church as Truths of Faith
1.2.	Justification and the Church Founded in the Mystery of Christ and of the Trinity
1.3.	Justification and the Church as Unmerited Gift of Grace and Challenge
THE ABIDING ORIGIN OF THE CHURCH
2.1.	Jesus Christ as the Only Foundation of the Church
2.2.	The Election of Israel as the Abiding Presupposition of the Church
2.2.1. God's Grace as the Continuum of Israel's History
2.2.2. The Election of Israel for the Nations
2.3.	The Foundation of the Church in the Christ-event
2.3.1. The Proclamation of the Reign of God in Word and Deed
2.3.2. Cross and Resurrection
2.3.3. The Church as the People of God from all Nations
2.4. The Church as "Creature of the Gospel"
2.4.1. The Proclamation of the Gospel as Foundation of the Church
2.4.2. The Proclamation of the Gospel in the Holy Spirit
2.4.3. The Proclamation of the Gospel by the Apostles
THE CHURCH OF THE TRIUNE GOD
3.1.	The Trinitarian Dimension of the Church
3.2	The Church as God's Pilgrim People, Body of Christ and Temple of the Holy Spirit
3.2.1. The Church as God's Pilgrim People
3.2.2. The Church as Body of Christ
3.2.3. The Church as Temple of the Holy Spirit
3.3.	The Church as Koin�nia/Communio Founded in the Trinity
3.3.1. The Unity of the Church Sustained and Formed by the Triune God
3.3.2. Koin�nia/Communio through Preaching, Baptism and the Lord's Supper
3.3.3. Koin�nia/Communio as Anticipatory Reality
3.4.	Ecclesial Communion - Communion of Churches
3.4.1. Common Witness
3.4.2. The Lutheran Understanding of Local Church
3.4.3. The Roman Catholic Understanding of Local Church
3.4.4. Tasks of Further Dialogue
THE CHURCH AS RECIPIENT AND MEDIATOR OF SALVATION
4. 1. The Church as Congregatio Fidelium
4.1.1. The Lutheran View
4.1.2. The Catholic View
4.2. The Church as "Sacrament" of Salvation
4.2.1. The Church under the Gospel and the Twofold Salvific Mediation of the Gospel
4.2.4. The Unity and Distinctness of Christ and the Church
4.3. The Church Visible and Hidden
4.4. Holy Church/Sinful Church
4.5. The Significance of the Doctrine of Justification for the Understanding of the Church
4.5.1. The Problem and the Original Consensus
4.5.2. Common Basic Convictions
4.5.3. The Areas of Controversy
4.5.3.1. Institutional Continuity of the Church
4.5.3.2. Ordained Ministry as Institution in the Church
4.5.3.3. Binding Church Doctrine and the Teaching Function of the Ministry
4.5.3.4. Church Jurisdiction and the Jurisdictional Function of the Ministry
THE MISSION AND CONSUMMATION OF THE CHURCH
5.1. The Church's Mission
5.1.1. Common Challenges to our Churches in a Constantly Changing World
5.1.2. Reflection on the Church's Mission in Light of the Message of Justification
5.1.3. Mission as Sharing in God's Activity in the World
5.1.3.1. Common Understanding
5.1.3.2. Two Traditions
5.1.3.2.1. The Lutheran Teaching on the Two Kingdoms
5.1.3.2.2. The Roman Catholic Teaching on the "Proper Autonomy of Earthly Affairs"
5.1.4. The Fundamental Components of the Church's Missionary Task
5.1.4.1. Commission to Evangelize
5.1.4.2. Centrality of Worship
5.1.4.3. Responsibility of the Church and the Service of Humanity
5.2. The Eschatological Consummation of the Church
5.2.1. Sanctorum Communio
5.2.1.1. Common Faith
5.2.1.2. Community of Perfected Saints
5.2.1.3. Communion of the Church on Earth with the Perfected Saints
5.2.2. The Church and the Kingdom of God
5.2.2.1. New Testament View
5.2.2.2. Lutheran View
5.2.2.3. Catholic View
5.2.2.4. Perspective in Ecumenical Dialogue
5.2.2.5. Common Witness
MEMBERS OF THE LUTHERAN-ROMAN CATHOLIC JOINT COMMISSION
Translated from the Original German Text: Kirche und Rechtfertigung, published by: Verlag Bonifatius-Druckerei, Paderborn 1994 (ISBN 3-87088-828-8), Verlag Otto Lembeck, Frankfurt am Main 1994 (ISBN 3-87476-299-8), Lutheran World Federation, Geneva 1994 -English Edition (ISBN 3-906706-14-1).
Visible unity has always been and continues to be the ultimate goal of the international dialogue between the Roman Catholic Church and the Lutheran Communion. In 1992 this dialogue, sponsored by the Lutheran World Federation and the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, celebrated its 25th anniversary, having begun its work in Z�rich in 1967, just after the close of the Second Vatican Council.
With this document the dialogue completes the third phase of its work, a phase which has addressed an issue at the heart of Lutheran-Roman Catholic relations: the role of the Church in salvation. This theme grew organically out of the reports of the first two phases.
The Malta Report, The Gospel and the Church (1972), marked the end of the initial phase of dialogue. It ascertained a "far-reaching consensus" in the doctrine of justification and demonstrated a convergence of views in the area of Scripture and Tradition. The Malta Report became the foundation for further dialogue, establishing its direction and demonstrating its feasibility. The breadth of its scope led naturally to a series of documents in the second phase dealing with more particular dogmatic issues seen as church-dividing since the l6th century Reformation.
Having before it not only the confessional documents of the Reformation era, but also the documents of Vatican II, and benefitting from the labors of theologians in biblical, liturgical, dogmatic and historical studies, the Lutheran-Roman Catholic Joint Commission was able, in its second phase, to transmit to the churches common documents on The Eucharist (1978) and The Ministry in the Church (1981). It also produced statements marking two Reformation anniversaries: "All Under One Christ" was a common statement on the Confessio Augustana in observance of the 450th anniversary of its presentation in 1530, and "Martin Luther - Witness to Jesus Christ" was issued in 1983, the 500th anniversary of the Reformer's birth. Both documents and the many other articles and addresses that these anniversaries also occasioned are important contributions toward the goal of Catholic-Lutheran unity.
Two further documents from the second phase of dialogue addressed themselves to how visible unity might be realized in concrete ways: Ways to Community (1980) and Facing Unity - Models, Forms and Phases of Catholic-Lutheran Church Fellowship (1984).
When in 1985 the question of how to proceed to a third phase was addressed, a joint memorandum began with this judgment:
The dialogue has brought us to a point from which it is no longer possible to go back. Thus the question about the actualization of Catholic-Lutheran church fellowship should be the framework for the further dialogue...
A statement from the 7th Assembly of the Lutheran World Federation (1984) was then quoted with approval:
In the third phase of the continuing theological dialogue, the themes must be so formulated that the implications for church fellowship of the consensus expressed or the convergence achieved are clearly sought.
After a reference to the doctrinal condemnations of the Reformation era, the joint memorandum concludes:
It can be observed that... Catholics and Lutherans keep coming back to the question about the understanding of the church, more precisely to the central question of the church and the nature of its instrumentality in the divine plan of salvation (church as sign and instrument; "sacramentality" of the church)... This question immediately raises again, especially for the Lutheran side, the question of the doctrine of justification. It is less a matter of the understanding of justification as such... rather it is a matter of the implications of the mutual relationship of justification and the church.
It was noted how this brings the discussion back to an issue present already in the first phase of dialogue. Almost two decades later, however, the new Joint Commission had to take account of how the issue of justification had surfaced again in its documents on eucharist and ministry and be aware of the growing intensity of a new debate as to whether a "fundamental difference" between Protestantism and Catholicism really exists.
The third phase of dialogue was instructed to deal with the question of the church in light of sacramentality and justification. It began its work in the spring of 1986, completing it in 1993. Plenary sessions were held annually. In most years there was a drafting meeting scheduled between plenary sessions.
Once the work had begun it was the responsibility of the Joint Commission to shape, clarify and determine its own course. Though the joint statement here presented clearly follows the original mandate in the joint memorandum of 1985, two developments should be noted which may assist the reader in understanding our work. First, because of the developments between 1972 (Malta Report) and 1986, the Joint Commission found itself compelled to test the claim of a "far-reaching consensus" on justification. In so doing they relied heavily on the comprehensive American dialogue statement, Justification by Faith (1985), and on the justification chapter of The Condemnations of the Reformation Era - Do They Still Divide? (1986).
Second, as work progressed on what has become Church and Justification, ecclesiological themes not originally part of the schema required attention. The scope of the project had to grow if the result was to be persuasive. Thus it has become the most extensive statement to be presented by the international dialogue to date.
In submitting its work the Joint Commission asks that this report be seen together with the documents from the second phase The Eucharist and The Ministry in the Church as well as Ways to Community and Facing Unity. It asks whether, taken together, these documents constitute the sufficient consensus which would enable our churches to embark upon concrete steps toward visible unity which have become more and more urgent.
W�rzburg, 11 September 1993
PAUL-WERNER SCHEELE
Bishop of W�rzburg
Germany JAMES R. CRUMLEY, Jr.
Bishop (retired)
Lutheran Church in America
AAS Acta Apostolica Sedis.
AG Ad Gentes, Decree on the Church's Missionary Activity, in The Documents of Vatican II, Walter Abbott, S.J., General Editor, America Press/Association Press, 1966.
Apol Apology of the Augsburg Confession (1531).
BC The Book of Concord. The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (tr. and ed. T. Tappert; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1959).
BEM Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry, Faith and Order Paper No. 111, Geneva, 1982.
CA Confessio Augustana (Augsburg Confession).
CD Christus Dominus, Decree on the Bishops' Pastoral Office in the Church, in The Documents of Vatican II
DH Dignitatis Humanae, Declaration on Religious Freedom in The Documents of Vatican II
DV Dei Verbum, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, in The Documents of Vatican II
FC Ep Formula of Concord (1577), Epitome.
FC SD Formula of Concord (1577), Solid Declaration.
GS Gaudium et Spes, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, in The Documents of Vatican II
LC The Large Catechism of Martin Luther (1529).
LG Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, in The Documents of Vatican II
LW Luther's Works, American Edition
LW Phil. Ed. Luther's Works, Philadelphia Edition
NA Nostra Aetate, Declaration on the Relationship of the Church to Non-Christian Religions, in The Documents of Vatican II
PO Presbyterorum Ordinis, Decree on the Ministry and Life of Priests, in The Documents of Vatican II
SA The Smalcald Articles (1537).
SC Sacrosanctum Concilium, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, in The Documents of Vatican II
UR Unitatis Redintegratio, Decree on Ecumenism, in The Documents of Vatican II
WA Martin Luther, Werke, Weimarer Ausgabe.
WADB WA Die Deutsche Bibel.
Bible quotations are taken from the New Revised Standard Version, 1989
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Against Plutocrats, Platitudes — About Democracy — Will Always Be Pitiful
The Biden administration's democracy initiative is missing the all-important inequality connection.
Blogging Our Great Divide
Can democracy survive and thrive in our troubled 21st century? That question certainly deserves our most careful consideration, and this week "presidents, prime ministers, and kings" from over 100 nations gathered virtually in a "Summit for Democracy" to do that considering.
The U.S. State Department hosted this first-ever global democracy confab and promised at the outset "to show how democracies can deliver on the issues that matter most to people," everything from "strengthening accountable governance" to "enabling lives of dignity."
Toward that effort, President Biden pledged in his opening summit address, the United States will invest over $400 million in programs to bolster democratic reforms worldwide and defend fair and free elections. We can together, Biden encouraged his fellow heads of state, check "the backward slide of rights and democracy" and "once more lead the march of human progress and human freedom forward."
"I believe," the president solemnly stressed, "we can do that."
But plenty of observers worldwide don't feel that Biden's democracy summit has much of a shot at delivering on its noble goals. The United States — a nation that sports 33 brand-new state laws that make voting more difficult — is going to lead a global democratic renewal? With what credibility?
Other nations, notes Washington Post analyst Greg Sargent, have been watching "political violence rising and openly autocratic currents surging" within the United States. To the world at large, America's political system "appears paralyzed," totally incapable of "fixing itself," let alone leading a charge for deeper democracy.
Biden did openly acknowledge at the summit the skepticism that's greeted his democracy initiative. But he defended his effort as absolutely essential nonetheless. The world's rising autocratic tide has made democracy renewal, Biden contended, "an urgent matter."
"In my view," he declared, "this is the defining challenge of our time."
Let's Start Debating...
the concentrated wealth that dooms democracy
Biden's declaration came ironically on the same morning that media the world over were showcasing a competing candidate for "defining challenge of our time." The occasion for that showcase: the release of a landmark report on the maldistribution of global income and wealth from the world's top scholars on extreme economic inequality.
These scholars — a cross-national group inspired by the work of the French economist Thomas Piketty — earlier this week released their World Inequality Report 2022, a chilling, stat-packed exploration into the concentration of the world's wealth.
The income gap between the world's tenth and poorest 50 half, this massive new World Inequality Report relates, has nearly doubled over the past two decades. The billionaire share of world wealth, meanwhile, has more than tripled.
But the new data become even more revealing — and revolting — when we compare income and wealth distributions within specific nations and regions, and the new World Inequality Report 2022 lets us track those comparisons over time. Inequality, as report lead author Lucas Chancel puts it, has become "a political choice" that the United States, perhaps more than any other nation, has chosen.
A century ago, the USA bettered Europe on all the core distributional metrics. In 1920 Europe's richest 1 percent held a whopping 50 percent of the continent's wealth. America's top 1 percent held a substantial but distinctly smaller 41 percent share.
By 1970, after years of struggles that empowered working people and limited plutocratic privilege, both Europe and the United States had narrowed the wealth gap between their awesomely affluent and households of modest means. In Europe, the top 1 percent wealth share fell by over half, from 50 to 23 percent, between 1920 and 1970. The wealth share of America's richest 1 percent dropped over those same years to an almost identical 24 percent.
But over the past half-century, particularly since the early 1980s, European and American distributional patterns have starkly diverged.
In the United States, the new World Inequality Report relates, deregulation, privatizations, and attacks on tax progressivity have all "contributed to a formidable rise" in the fortunes of the nation's most affluent, as has the shrinking clout of America's unions. The U.S. top 1 percent's wealth share has jumped from less than a quarter of the nation's total wealth in 1970 to 35 percent, more than a third, in 2020.
In Europe, by contrast, unions have remained key social and economic players over the past half-century, tax rates on high incomes have declined less precipitously, and lawmakers haven't rushed to privatize and deregulate. The result: In Europe, the top 1 percent wealth share has actually declined between 1970 and 2020, from 23 to 22 percent.
And the bottom 50 percent? The bottom half of Europe's population held 5 percent of European wealth in 2020, five times the bottom half's wealth share in 1920. A century ago, America's bottom half also held a mere 1 percent of the nation's wealth. The bottom half's 2020 wealth share: that same 1 percent.
Access to numbers like these, the World Inequality Report's authors suggest, will always be "critical for democracy."
"In our view," their report posits, "the lack of transparency about income and wealth inequalities seriously undermines the possibilities for peaceful democratic discussion in today's globalized economy."
Without this transparency, the World Inequality Report concludes, having "an informed debate" about inequality — and what to do about it — becomes "very difficult." And without that "informed debate" about inequality, many acute political observers would add, democracies themselves may have no future.
On Matters Petty and Profound
the rich are 'defunding' our democracy
Small-d democrats in the United States have been warning about the direct link between rising inequality and receding democracy ever since the original Gilded Age. Louis Brandeis, the brilliant Progressive Era reformer named to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1916, put the matter starkly.
"We must make our choice," Brandeis reflected. "We may have democracy, or we may have wealth concentrated in the hands of a few, but we can't have both."
Why can't we? Most modern political commentators see money in politics as the prime danger that inequality poses. The rich, if they become too rich, become too powerful as well. The dollars they drop on their favored candidates and causes begin to regularly overwhelm any opposition those candidates and causes may engender.
Reformers have advanced a variety of proposals to counter the influence of — rich people's — money in politics. A recent example: The For the People Act passed by the House of Representatives earlier this year "would crack down," notes the Campaign Legal Center's Adav Noti, "on many of the abusive financial practices that distort legislative outcomes and directly corrupt our representative democracy."
But such reforms, as welcome as they may be, leave grand private fortunes in the hands of a few, and those fortunes, left intact, cannot help but corrode and corrupt our attempts at democratic dialogue and decision making. We'll only make lasting progress against this corruption, as the British political scientist Harold Laski argued in the 1920s, when we recognize concentrated wealth itself as the primary problem in a deeply unequal democracy.
"A State divided into a small number of rich and a large number of poor," Laski observed in his influential Grammar of Politics, "will always develop a government manipulated by the rich to protect the amenities represented by their property."
To practice real democracy, in short, we need to limit inequality. That does not mean abandoning efforts to change the political rules. Serious rule-changing efforts like the "For the People Act" can throw the armies of great wealth off balance — and, in the process, create political space for working to narrow the inequality that stains our societies.
But we need to go further than fine-tuning election rules. So argue the political theorists who've dug deep into the nexus between inequality and autocracy. Some of the most perceptive of these analysts, not surprisingly, have hailed from Latin America, the world's most unequal region for most of modern history.
Extreme inequality, Argentina's Carlos Vilas has argued, creates a danger to democracy that goes far beyond electoral power imbalances. Democracies, he points out, require citizens. To be a citizen, in any democratic sense, individuals must have autonomy, be free to speak their own minds. Most all nations that call themselves democracies have written the right to speak freely into their basic constitutions. But this right, on paper, does not guarantee individuals the autonomy necessary to speak freely. People who fear losing their jobs should they speak what they see to be truth do not feel autonomous — or free. They feel dependent on others.
To feel autonomous and free, individuals need to enjoy at least a basic level of economic security. This security, in turn, requires certain limits on the behavior of a society's most powerful economic actors. If corporate CEOs can threaten to pull up stakes and move elsewhere unless their current communities deliver the subsidies these CEOs seek, individuals in these communities will not behave freely. The decisions they make will be made under duress, not in the democratic spirit of free and open debate.
The more inequality, the more duress. The more wealth concentrates, the more dependent those without it become on those who have it. In our world's most severely unequal societies, these dependencies force people without wealth onto their knees, turn them into submissive clients looking for powerful patrons.
"Patron-client relations of domination and subordination," notes Carlos Vilas, "tend to substitute for relations among equals."
In environments like this, many of the most dominated, the most deprived, come to believe that only the most powerful of patrons can guarantee their security. In societies deeply split economically, people also become less and less able to visualize life on the opposite side of the economic divide. People increasingly identify only with kith and kin, their own narrow religious or ethnic group, not with any broader community.
Amid these social dynamics, all sense of "shared belonging" to a single common society tends to fade. Democracy, to thrive, needs this sense of shared belonging, the conviction that you and your adversary, however much you disagree, share some elemental basic interests. In severely unequal societies, few feel these common interests. Democracy withers. Historically, Carlos Vilas observes, Latin America's two most consistently democratic nations — Uruguay and Costa Rica — have also been Latin America's two most equal nations.
We the people of the United States, almost 250 years ago, made a choice to practice democracy. We have "practiced" democracy ever since. Maybe someday we'll get it right. But that day will only come, the evidence suggests, when we have a less, a significantly less, unequal nation.
The Biden administration's "Summit for Democracy" initiative has so far failed to make that point. We can. We must.
Sam Pizzigati co-edits Inequality.org. His latest books include The Case for a Maximum Wage and The Rich Don't Always Win: The Forgotten Triumph over Plutocracy that Created the American Middle Class, 1900-1970. Follow him at @Too_Much_Online.
Plutocracy,
College Football Coaches Making $25,000 a Day? Let's Sideline This Lunacy!
The gridiron game has a penalty for illegal holding. We need one for hoarding.
Worshiping Markets, Genuflecting to Grand Fortune
Today's 'utopians' have reserved heaven on Earth for the richest among us.
Tornados Can Kill. So Can Amazon's Business Model.
How long will we tolerate the corporate executive 'risk taking' that puts only workers at real risk?
The Year in Inequality in 10 Charts
by Sarah Anderson
by Brian Wakamo
How Do We Fix Abuses of Donor-Advised Funds?
by Chuck Collins
by Helen Flannery


Fantastic ultra contemporary villa located close to the beach at Praia da Luz offering spectacular sea and beach views.
The property has been designed, constructed and finished to an exemplary standard. It is spacious and naturally bright and comprises of 4 en suite bedrooms, an open plan lounge, kitchen and dining area with stunning views of the beach and a plethora of modern appliances. The master bedroom opens on to the poolside terrace and garden and also has beautiful sea views. The other three bedrooms have wet rooms and integrated wardrobe storage.
Next to the swimming pool is a poolside bar and barbecue area with outdoor dining area. Outside is also a poolside shower and wc. The ornate gardens are low maintenance and full of colour from indigenous flowers and shrubs.
Other features include air conditioning, hot water underfloor heating, solar panels providing all of the hot water requirements for domestic use, a log burning fire in the lounge and an electric immersion heater which can support the solar heating in extreme conditions, a carport and a driveway capable of holding several cars within the gated courtyard.


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Copyright Licensing Office
Copyright Blog
Check-in here for your source of copyright news and discussion. Choose from articles below to read up-to-date summaries of some of copyright's latest quandaries.
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State-Owned University Claims Suit Must Be Dismissed
By Casey Wareham
The University of Colorado moves for case to be dismissed under principles of sovereign immunity.
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Give Me Liberty or Give Me an Injunction
By Cami Stephenson
A sports psychologist files suit against a university for alleged infringement of a book passage
University Sued for Online Activities of Alumni Association
By Kristie Lam
Photographer sues University for posts made by the University's Alumni Association
University Asks Court to Stay Infringement Suit Until SCOTUS Decision
The University of Minnesota asks for stay of case citing pending SCOTUS decision in Allen v. Cooper
University Magazine Leads to Infringement Suit
By Ali Young
On November 9, 2019, photographer Julie Dermansky ("Dermansky") filed a complaint against New York University ("NYU") under § 501 of the Copyright Act for the alleged unauthorized reproduction and public display of a copyrighted photograph she took at a Donald Trump rally (the "Photo").
Fair Use Boldly Goes Where No Fair Use Has Gone Before
On November 10, 2016, Dr. Seuss Enterprise ("Seuss" or the "Plaintiff") filed a complaint against ComicMix LLC ("ComicMix"), David Jerrold Friedman a/k/a David Gerrold ("Gerrold"), Ty Templeton ("Templeton"), and Glenn Hauman ("Hauman") (collectively, the "Defendants") for copyright infringement, trademark infringement, and unfair competition.
Fight Over Work for Hire Continues
In July 2019 we reported on a copyright infringement suit brought by Linda Woodson, an elementary school teacher in New Jersey. In her complaint, Woodson alleges she wrote a report about her school, and her school's principal borrowed heavily from Woodson's report in an article he wrote for the National Association of Elementary School Principal's ("NAESP") periodical entitled "Principal." Woodson purportedly created the report in 2010.
Educational Group Sued for Website Content
On October 11, 2019, International Education Management Group, Inc. ("IEM") filed a complaint against Abroad and Future, Inc. and Wei Bao a/k/a Bevan Bao (collectively "BAO") for, among other things, copyright infringement.
University Sued for Photo on Website
On October 16, 2019, photographer Julie Dermansky ("Dermansky") filed a complaint against the University of Colorado ("University") for copyright infringement under sections 106 and 501 of the Copyright Act.
CASE Act Passes in the House
On Tuesday, October 22, 2019, the United States House of Representatives voted on the Copyright Alternative in Small-Claims (CASE) Act. The Act was approved by the House with a 410-6 vote. As we previously reported, the CASE Act, among other things, creates a copyright small-claims court within the Copyright Office, providing an alternative to litigating in the federal courts.
Academic Publishers Unite to Enforce Copyrights
On October 3, 2019, Pearson Education, Inc.; Elsevier Inc.; Cengage Learning, Inc.; Bedford; Freeman & Worth Publishing Group, LLC d/b/a Macmillan Learning; and McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC (collectively, "Plaintiffs") filed suit alleging copyright infringement against Raheim J. Mofield, a/k/a James Reynolds, individually and d/b/a www.worldmediaincorporated.com (collectively, "Defendants"). In their complaint, Plaintiffs purport that Defendants were, "hiding behind the anonymity of the internet," and circumvented copyright law by selling unauthorized digital copies of textbooks as well as other copyrighted works to consumers. Plaintiffs state that the Defendants violated 17 U.S.C. § 101 by infringing on the copyrights of Plaintiffs; the Plaintiffs produced a list of works that Defendants have allegedly reproduced and/or distributed in violation of Plaintiff's copyrights (the "Works").
Music Company Brings Suit Against Another University
On October 3, 2019, Yesh Music, LLC ("Yesh"), filed another law suit alleging copyright infringement and violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"). Yesh brought this suit against Ecoagriculture Partners ("Eco"), Cornell University ("Cornell"), and Groundswell Center for Food and Farm Planning ("Groundswell") (collectively the "Defendants"). The facts of this case are similar to the facts of Yesh's recent suits against other institutions (you can find posts about these cases here, here, here, and here).
Another Day, Another University Sued for Alleged Infringement
On September 30, 2019, Yesh Music, LLC ("Yesh") continued its string of copyright infringement cases, this time against the Regents of the University of Minnesota (the "University"). The facts of this suit are similar to the facts of other suits Yesh has brought in recent months (you can find posts about these cases here, here, here, here, here, and here).
Infringement Case Against Educational Group Dismissed
On August 23, 2019, Yesh Music ("Yesh") voluntarily dismissed its copyright infringement case against Amity Education Group ("Amity") with prejudice. The case was dismissed before Amity filed a response. As previously reported, in May 2019, Yesh brought suit against Amity for alleged infringement of an original musical composition entitled "Equinox," which was registered with the US Copyright Office. Amity allegedly used the song in an advertising video on YouTube without obtaining a license from Yesh.
University Sued Over Tweet
On September 19, 2019, German photographer Marco Verch ("Verch") filed suit against Columbia University ("Columbia") for alleged copyright infringement of one of his photographs.
Syracuse Responds and the CASE Act Marches On
On June 5th 2019, Syracuse University ("Syracuse") submitted an answer to the complaint from photographer James Bass. As previously reported, in May 2019 Bass brought suit against Syracuse alleging copyright infringement of his photographs of the Syracuse basketball team (the "Photos"). Bass claims he licensed the Photos to Syracuse for use only on social media. However, Bass asserts Syracuse committed copyright infringement by exceeding the scope of the license and using the Photos on billboards, tickets, and programs.
College Sued for Allegedly Exceeding License
Yesh Music, LLC ("Yesh") brought a case of copyright infringement against Gettysburg College ("Gettysburg"). This is the third in a string of cases brought by the company in recent months; we previously reported on other Yesh cases in May and August of this year. The case against Gettysburg is for allegedly exceeding the scope of a license agreement between Gettysburg and Yesh.
Academic Publishers Combat Textbook Counterfeiting
Academic publishers Pearson, McGraw-Hill, Cengage, Bedford, and Elsevier (jointly the "Plaintiffs" or "Publishers") filed a complaint against ten unidentified defendants, their relative trade names, and nine other named defendants (jointly the "Defendants"). The Plaintiffs allege that the Defendants violated federal copyright and trademark laws by "intentionally, advertising, selling, and distributing counterfeit textbooks at the expense of authors, students, publishers, and others."
copyright@byu.edu
Harold B. Lee Library
Licensing and Trademarks
BYU Copyright-The Modicum
BYU Copyright Working Group
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36° Rain
Marshall, TX (75670)
Rain. Temps nearly steady in the upper 30s. Winds SE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 100%. Rainfall near a quarter of an inch..
Rain. Low 38F. Winds SE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 90%. Rainfall around a half an inch.
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It's the Farm-ily Life
Another View: Here's why Texas should have online voter registration and what's being done
By the El Paso Times editorial board
Texas is being sued in federal court because it won't accept electronic signatures on voter registration applications. Texas also is one of only 13 states that don't allow online voter registration. It's the only state among the nation's eight most populous not to offer electronic voter registration.
Texas isn't being sued for its failure to offer online voter registration — at least, not directly. So, why bring it up? Because if Texas had online registration, the lawsuit would be moot. Online registration can't happen without acceptance of electronic signatures.
The electronic signatures at the heart of this lawsuit were part of an effort to offer eligible voters a convenient substitute to online registration. Vote.org, a website dedicated to promoting voter participation, offered a registration form for applicants to fill out online, which it then printed and mailed to vote registrars. The state rejected more than 2,400 applications submitted by Vote.org in 2018 because the signatures were not in-person originals.
According to the lawsuit, Texas' signature rule imposes "an arbitrary requirement that limits access to the franchise." Those assertions are so easy to prove that we could save the courts the trouble:
• On the question of arbitrariness, consider that electronic signatures have been around awhile and are not considered a security risk in this day and age. They work just fine for the 37 states that offer online registration. You'd have to be arbitrary to a fault to reject them.
• As for whether the rule limits access to the franchise, note that it accomplishes one thing quite well — making it harder to register to vote. You can't refuse to accept electronic signatures without also limiting access to "the franchise."
As of this writing, the state hadn't responded to the lawsuit or commented about it. The best we can do to offer insight into the state's position is to quote this warning issued in 2018 by then-Texas Secretary of State Rolando Pablos, the state official in charge of voter registration and elections:
"Any website that misleadingly claims to assist voters in registering to vote online by simply submitting a digital signature is not authorized to do so. All Texas voters should be extremely cautious when handing over personal and sensitive information to any unknown third party."
While Pablos didn't name names, if we were Vote.org, we'd have felt slandered. He also pointed out that Texas doesn't offer online registration — but didn't say why.
WHY NOT REGISTER VOTERS ONLINE?
Good question. There appear to be no downsides to its many upsides. It promotes voter participation by making registration easier and cheaper for eligible voters. It helps people in rural areas register without having to cover large physical distances to do it in person — this would be especially helpful in Texas. And it's cheaper for the states that do it. According to a study by the Pew Charitable Trusts in 2010, Arizona spent 83 cents per paper application and 3 cents per online application. You'd think the potential cost savings alone would be reason enough for Texas to do it.
WHO'S SUING?
Democratic Party officials at the state and national levels filed the lawsuit Monday in San Antonio.
IS THIS PARTISAN POLITICS?
Theoretically, no. Voter registration and encouragement of greater voter participation are not, by definition, partisan issues.
But, in practice, the Republican Party in Texas and nationwide has pursued policies that discourage voter registration and limit voter participation, such as overly strict voter ID laws that specify pricier or hard-to-get forms of ID, consolidations of voter precincts that effectively put the polling places farther away for many voters, reductions and rollbacks of early voting, and resistance to convenient innovations such as online and automatic registration.
And there's no getting around that the plaintiffs are Democrats and the defendants are Republican state officials.
WHY THIS IS URGENT
If you're not registered to vote and you want to vote in the March 3 primary, you'd better hurry up. The deadline to register is Feb. 3. Go to this site for information on how to register: https://www.votetexas.gov/register-to-vote/you-must-register-by.html
Texas should aspire to lead the nation in voter participation. It should embrace rather than reject or delay technological innovations such as online registration that make it easier for people to participate.
What is Texas afraid of? That's a rhetorical question with no acceptable answer. But we will not let it go unaddressed.
This article is the start of a series called Barriers to the Ballot Box by the Caller-Times and the USA TODAY Network in Texas that examines the impediments to full participation in the democratic election process faced by people of color, youth and others in the Lone Star State. Throughout this series we'll explore solutions to improve access to the polls, expand voter registration and make every Texan's vote count.
Learn more about automatic and electronic registration here: https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/automatic-voter-registration-and-modernization-states
And here: https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/electronic-or-online-voter-registration.aspx
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During the era of interstate highway construction, and the resulting demographic shift from city to suburb, municipalities worked to provide auto access to their downtowns, hoping this access would support economic growth. However, mounting evidence shows that greater automobile access came at the expense of the very economic vibrancy cities sought and does not help reduce roadway congestion. Costs associated with accommodating cars, particularly for parking, are outweighed by the long-term economic costs. In response, cities are beginning to develop strategies for managing automobile access in ways that support downtown resiliency. A surprise actor in this drama is parking infrastructure. Parking, whether on-street, structured, or in surface lots, demands enormous amounts of real estate, and often results in unusable public spaces, building tear-downs, and other undesirable outcomes that harm the potential for a vibrant local economy.
Recent research shows cities that focus on auto access experience a decline in economic activity and lack of vibrancy, suggesting a policy of prioritizing cars often fails as an economic development tool for urban areas. Municipalities with excess parking do increase driving into and within the city, but the increase in income disparity between urban core and suburban areas shows how this policy may pose equity issues.
What are some responses to poorly managed car parking? Leading edge practice demonstrates the importance of parking management for economic development and transportation demand management. Parking is never free but two examples in particular suggest that context-appropriate parking management programs can achieve surprising results in mitigating congestion and improving downtown vibrancy.
Mexico City, which recently won the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy's (ITDP) Sustainable Transport award, recorded impressive decreases in traffic congestion downtown while simultaneously improving pedestrian and transit modes. As part of its congestion mitigation, Mexico City targeted streets in the historic downtown district for new parking management technologies. The changes to parking availability proved successful and became an integral part of the effort. The program – ecoParq – manages the availability and pricing of parking spaces on designated streets. The city also reduced the number of available spaces at the same time. These efforts have been so successful that residents in other neighborhoods in the city are clamoring to have ecoParq installed where they live.
In partnership with USDOT, the San Francisco Bay-Area Urban Partnership Agreement (UPA) has taken on the issue of roadway congestion in the metro area. The UPA's work focuses broadly on congestion mitigation in the larger urban area. One of the key tools developed for San Francisco is variable pricing for parking. Part of the area-wide congestion mitigation project, SFpark dynamically sets prices for on- and off-street parking to reduce congestion related to the "cruising" for parking phenomenon.
Managing car parking does not amount to an anti-auto outlook or policy. Simply put, cities working to manage car parking are hoping to offer multi-modal transportation options that make for a vibrant urban life.


Patient care is at the forefront when designing and building these critical interior spaces. Whether it is hospital expansion, ambulatory surgical centers, doctor's offices, medical office buildings, urgent care clinics, nursing homes, assisted living centers or senior living centers…care-giver efficiency and care-receiver comfort foster better, more effective healthcare experiences.
Construction Manager: G. Schnip Construction, Inc.


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Archive for the 'World Baseball Classic' Category
O Canada! How Team Canada Could Win the World Baseball Classic
Posted in Major League Baseball, World Baseball Classic, tagged 2009 World Baseball Classic, Baseball, Canada, Major League Baseball, MLB, Sports, WBC, World Baseball Classic on 03/09/2009| 3 Comments »
Newsflash: Canada has produced more athletic talent than just Wayne Gretzky.
Unfortunately for Team Canada, it landed in Pool C of the 2009 WBC. Also in Pool C are baseball powerhouses USA and Venezuela, along with that-one-country-shaped-like-a-boot-who-tried-playing-baseball-a-few-times-and-claimed-that-Mike-Piazza-guy (Italy). On a very serious side note: anyone who wants to support Piazza should check out this hair/mustache combo— you'll change your mind.
1B Justin Morneau
Canada has been universally projected to finish third in Pool C, behind Venezuela and the United States' MLB All-Star Parade. USA's starting lineup boasts former MVPs 3B Chipper Jones (1993), SS Jimmy Rollins (2007), and 2B Dustin Pedroia (2008) along with former Cy Young winner Jake Peavy (2007). Venezuela also boasts an All-Star caliber roster, featuring players like 3B Miguel Cabrera and OF Magglio Ordonez. While Canada features less big-name players than its competition, it produced an outstanding performance in Saturday's near-upset of the United States.
Every 2009 WBC Preview/Prediction that I saw picked the United States and Venezuela to advance from Pool C. Upon further review, however, Team Canada features enough talent and experience to play this year's Cinderella.
Check out Canada's starting lineup from Saturday:
C – Russell Martin – 2x MLB All-Star
1B – Justin Morneau – 2006 AL MVP
2B – Pete Orr – Washington Nationals
3B – Mark Teahen – Kansas City Royals
SS – Chris Barnwell – Houston Astros
LF – Nick Weglarz – Cleveland Indians
CF – Jason Bay – 2x MLB All-Star
RF – Matt Stairs – 17yr MLB Veteran
DH – Joey Votto – Cincinnati Reds
There are obvious holes in the lineup. Pete Orr has only been a utility player in his Major League experience, while Chris Barnwell and Nick Weglarz are currently in the Minor Leagues. Despite this inexperience, several bright spots are also prevalent in Canada's lineup. Canada features a plethora of young Major League stars. Russell Martin (age 26) is considered one of the three best offensive catchers in the Major Leagues, Justin Morneau (age 27) is a former American League MVP, Jason Bay (age 30) is a former NL Rookie of the Year, and Joey Votto (age 25) is one of the brightest offensive prospects in baseball. This young corps of players also has a source of veteran leadership in OF Matt Stairs, who boasts 17 years of MLB experience, 252 career home runs, and a 2008 World Series Championship with the Philadephia Phillies.
Canada's weaker side is clearly its pitching staff. Canada has only two pitchers on its roster who are over the age of 30, and only three of their pitchers are currently playing in the Major Leagues. Despite a lack of experience, Canada does feature a number of high-caliber prospects. SP Philippe Aumont is a 2007 1st-Round selection (Seattle Mariners – 11th overall) who pitched one scoreless inning and struck out two against the United States on Saturday. Aumont is barely 20 years old, and at 6'7″ he is an intimidating presence on the mound. SP Scott Richmond is another Canadian pitcher who will gain MLB experience in the near future, as a number of injuries have thrust him into Toronto's starting rotation for 2009. While this experience is not impressive, it is better than nothing (see South Africa and/or Chinese Taipei).
Team Canada Celebrating
This article is not to say that Canada will win the 2009 World Baseball Classic. In actuality, the winner should be Japan or the United States. Several prominent countries have fallen victim to early upsets (e.g. Dominican Republic's loss to Netherlands and Mexico's loss to South Africa), but both Japan and the United States have looked nothing short of stellar thus far. Japan mauled Korea, its best competition in Group A, by a final score of 14-2 on Sunday. Later that same day the United States destroyed Venezuela, the alleged next best team in Pool C, by a final score of 15-6. This article is only meant to highlight the vast amount of young talent that Canada has stockpiled on its 2009 WBC team.
The 2009 World Baseball Classic will be won through offensive production. To date, 13 games have been completed in the World Baseball Classic. In each game, the winning team has scored an average of 9.0 Runs Per Game. Canada has a strong enough offense, anchored by Morneau and Bay, to keep pace with other countries. If Canada's pitching and defense can limit opposing offenses (as they did while yielding only 6 runs to the United States) then it stands a chance of playing deep into this years World Baseball Classic.
Team Canada has shown moments of brilliance. If these moments can find a way to tie themselves together, Canada could make a second round push in the 2009 World Baseball Classic.
If Canada loses the elimination-game to Italy on Monday… Forget that I ever wrote this.


Whistler becomes "The Big Easy" for our May 4-7 District 5040 Conference at the Saturday evening Mardi Gras gala. Unmasking for Mardi Gras, the conference committee takes a moment from its work together to give you an idea of what to expect throughout the conference. Read more to watch the video.


The history and the passage of the argumentativo thought occidental person are tematizados through some form of Metaphysical dualism. To search possible relations between the philosophical problematizaes for the Metaphysical dualistas ways, and the lingusticas quarrels on antonmia and antinomies are the intention of this reflection. Read more from Christopher Nolan to gain a more clear picture of the situation. To defend the thesis of a direct relation the dual nature of our language enters, express especially in the antonmias, and the Metaphysical dualistas systems, I will search to argue through a historical description of the main philosophical-scientific systems of thought of the culture occidental person. In the history of the philosophical-scientific thought occidental person the start of the problematizaes on the nature of the things was the search for explanations argued and natural concerning the origin (arqu) and in the way of existence of the world (cosmo). This boarding had beginning in century VI B.C. with the said thinkers daily pay-socrticos, the philosophers of the physis, that is, of the nature.
Until then, the people if contented with descriptions that said of the origin and functioning of the world of mythical form, pointing with respect to supernatural causes. Amongst these thinkers, the postulations of Parmnides and Heraclitus are distinguished. The comparison or contraposition enters the systems thought for Parmnides and Heraclitus was the attrition that reed-echo in some systems of thought considered by thinkers interested in unmasking the truth, in explaining the basic reality, the primordial origin, the initial cause and the bedding last, unquestioned, capable to explain of absolutely irrefutable form all the things. The highly ambitious character of this pretension already indicates a determination in the explanation, that is, it points with respect to a necessity, that finished if confirming, of if to create thought systems that, if they do not appeal to a mythical language, they produce its proper ones misticismos: the Metaphysical systems. The posterior reflections of Aristotle on Parmnides and Heraclitus, given the influence of the thought of Aristotle and the Metaphysical quality of the thought of Parmnides and Heraclitus, had enhanced and molded the thoughts in the direction of Metaphysical systems.


My name is Fr. Cyriacus Elochukwu Okafor. I was ordained on the 16th of August 2003 in the Catholic Diocese of Nnewi, Nigeria. After my ordination, I served as the Bursar of the Cathedral Parish, Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral from 2003 to 2005. I was appointed the Parish Priest of St. Michael's Ozubulu. After serving in this Parish for three years, I was sent to study in the University of Lagos, where I resided at Regina Mundi Parish Mushin Lagos. I continued my further studies in England, and did Master's and PhD studies in Economics, graduating from the University of Leeds, West Yorkshire. Prior to my arrival in this Parish, I was appointed the Priest-in-charge of St. Elizabeth Parish, Richmond Twickenham.
The Parish of Our Lady of the Crays is a dynamic and multicultural Parish. Despite being multicultural, there is a deep-rooted fraternity that cuts across the various diverse cultural backgrounds of our parishioners. This is a positive development, one that will see us grow from strength to strength in our spiritual journey as one Parish family.
So far, I have been overwhelmed by the magnitude of your love, support and hospitality these past three years. Be rest assured of my prayers and love for all of you. Through the powerful intercession of our Mother, Mary, may God bless and continue to build us up in this community of love.
The St Mary Cray mission had its origins in the early nineteenth century through the large numbers of Irish immigrants coming to London to work on the expanding railways in the South East – as well as people sought by the Joynson Paper Mill situated near the Cray River and next to the railway viaduct. To attend Mass, people walked every Sunday to St Mary's Crayford – about seven miles away. They then attended the Chislehurst Mission, St Mary's, when it started in 1852. Mass has been celebrated in St Mary Cray since 1873 in the school, but it only in 1875 did it gain its first resident priest.
The parish bought three cottages at the junction of the High Street and Blacksmiths Lane, and awarded a contract for £1,330 in January 1895 to build a church next to the school. On 14th April 1941 the church was destroyed in bombing. Mass was then celebrated in St Philomena's Convent hall, and then in a hall built with the help and generosity of many parishioners giving of their time and materials. Mass was said there for many years before a second St Joseph's Church costing £40,000 was commissioned. The Mass of Dedication took place on 19th March 1959.
Between 2006 and 2008 The Archbishop, in consultation with his Bishops, priests and the laity, agreed to dissolve the parishes of St Mary Cray and St Peter and St Paul and create a new one, Cray Valley Parish to absorb the former two parishes. A new church was built on the site of the old St Joseph's and was renamed Our Lady of the Crays, in honour of Our Lady, the unifying mother of Christ. The Crays continue to attract a migrant community, but today instead of a paper mill they are many industries and small businesses which bring people to the area. The larger town of Orpington, which coincidentally started its parish under the banner of St Joseph's and St Anne's Orphanages before the original Holy Innocents church was built in 1909, can therefore be said to be subsidiary in its formation of our Catholic Community.