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Sea-Level Rise Hazards and Decision Support
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The Sea-Level Rise Hazards and Decision-Support project assesses present and future coastal vulnerability to provide actionable information for management of our Nation's coasts. Through multidisciplinary research and collaborative partnerships with decision-makers, physical, biological, and social factors that describe landscape and habitat changes are incorporated in a probabilistic modeling framework to explore the future likelihood of a variety of impacts and outcomes. Scenario-based products and tools can be applied to inform adaptation strategies, evaluate tradeoffs, and examine mitigation options.
Although the general nature of the changes that can occur on ocean coasts in response to sea-level rise (SLR) is widely recognized, it is difficult to predict exactly what changes may occur, or when they may occur. The ability to predict the extent of these changes is limited by uncertainties in both currently available data that describe the coastal environment, as well as gaps in understanding of some of the driving processes that contribute to coastal change (e.g., rate and magnitude of sea level rise, changes in storminess). Additionally, the cumulative impacts of physical and biological change on the quantity and quality of coastal habitats are not well understood, and potential societal responses to SLR are uncertain. Nonetheless, coastal managers need actionable information to make decisions that account for future hazards, including SLR.
This project brings together scientists from the disciplines of geology, hydrology, geography, biology, and ecology to synthesize information on coastal environments to address the effects of SLR on our Nation's coasts. The approach uses a probabilistic framework, which allows researchers to incorporate observations and account for uncertainties, to evaluate the likelihood of a variety of SLR impacts, including:
land loss from inundation and erosion,
migration of coastal landforms,
changes to groundwater systems, and
changes to coastal habitat.
Decision makers depend on the future coastal environment having certain characteristics. For example, homeowners desire a home that is at low risk of loss due to coastal erosion. Local planners and managers also need to be able to identify infrastructure that could be at risk to make effective long-term adaptation or mitigation decisions. Land managers may target parcels for acquisition that provide critical habitat for threatened and endangered species. Flora and fauna require specific habitat attributes to survive and flourish. To proactively plan for an uncertain future, decision makers need the ability to consider alternative response measures and assess the benefits and costs of options. Consequently, there is a need to develop decision frameworks that combine detailed and sometimes complicated scientific information in a way that improves the ability to translate it into decision making scenarios.
Conceptual diagram demonstrating how Bayesian networks used in this project incorporate data and knowledge to provide predictions with decision-support applications. Learn more
(Credit: Erika Lentz, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Public domain.)
Probabilistic Framing
The Bayesian statistical framework is ideal for using data sets derived from historical or modern observations such as long-term shoreline change or wetland accretion/elevation trends. This information can be combined with model simulations and used to define the relationships between key variables in coastal environments. A Bayesian network provides a means of integrating these data to evaluate competing hypotheses regarding the relationships between forcing factors (e.g., rate of SLR, suspended sediment concentration, elevation change) and responses (e.g., shoreline change, wetland vertical accretion, water table change). This framework allows scientists to make probabilistic predictions of the future state of coastal environments for outcomes such as shoreline change, wetland survival, and changes in the depth to groundwater. The predictions also have estimates of outcome uncertainty that can be expressed as both numbers (e.g., 90%) and words (e.g., very likely). The ability to communicate SLR impacts in terms of a probabilistic prediction can improve scientists' ability to support decision making and evaluate specific management questions about alternatives for addressing SLR.
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Lentz
Research Geologist
Email: elentz@usgs.gov
Email: bgutierrez@usgs.gov
Email: ependleton@usgs.gov
Sturdivant
Geographer
Email: esturdivant@usgs.gov
Research Geographer
St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Email: szeigler@usgs.gov
Condon
Email: wcondon@usgs.gov
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Habitat Suitability
Sea-Level Rise/Climate Change
Analysis and Processing
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Wetland Habitats
Below are other science projects associated with this project.
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The Bayesian statistical framework is ideal for using data sets derived from historical or modern observations such as long-term shoreline change or wetland accretion/elevation trends. This information can be combined with model simulations and used to define the relationships between key variables in coastal environments.
Contacts: Erika Lentz, Ph.D.
Attribution: Region 1: North Atlantic-Appalachian, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
An interactive guide to global and regional sea level rise scenarios for the United States.
Date published: February 1, 2019
Estuarine Processes, Hazards, and Ecosystems
Estuarine processes, hazards, and ecosystems describes several interdisciplinary projects that aim to quantify and understand estuarine processes through observations and numerical modeling. Both the spatial and temporal scales of these mechanisms are important, and therefore require modern instrumentation and state-of-the-art hydrodynamic models. These projects are led from the U.S....
Contacts: Neil Kamal Ganju, PhD, Alfredo Aretxabaleta, PhD, Sandra M Brosnahan, Zafer Defne, PhD, Tarandeep Singh Kalra, PhD, Daniel Nowacki, Richard P Signell, Ph.D., Steven E Suttles, John Warner, PhD, Kate Ackerman
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Region 1: North Atlantic-Appalachian, Chesapeake Bay Activities, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Date published: December 30, 2018
Coastal Landscape Response to Sea-Level Rise Assessment for the Northeastern United States
As part of the USGS Sea-Level Rise Hazards and Decision-Support project, this assessment seeks to predict the response to sea-level rise across the coastal landscape under a range of future scenarios by evaluating the likelihood of inundation as well as dynamic coastal change. The research is being conducted in conjunction with resource managers and decision makers from federal and state...
Contacts: Erika Lentz, Ph.D., Nathaniel Plant, Ph.D., Rob Thieler, PhD, Radley M. Horton
Beach-dependent Shorebirds
Policy-makers, individuals from government agencies, and natural resource managers are under increasing pressure to manage changing coastal areas to meet social, economic, and natural resource demands, particularly under a regime of sea-level rise. Scientific knowledge of coastal processes and habitat-use can support decision-makers as they balance these often-conflicting human and ecological...
Contacts: Sara L Zeigler, Ph.D, Ben Gutierrez, PhD, Erika Lentz, Ph.D., Emily J Sturdivant, Nathaniel Plant, Ph.D.
National Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise
The original national coastal vulnerability index (CVI) assessment was motivated by expected accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) and the uncertainty in the response of the coastline to SLR. This research was conducted between 1999 and 2001, and is currently being updated using new data sources and methodology. This original study was part of the ...
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Region 11: Alaska, Region 6: Arkansas-Rio Grande-Texas-Gulf, Region 9: Columbia-Pacific Northwest, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 4: Mississippi Basin, Region 1: North Atlantic-Appalachian, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Date published: October 1, 2017
Empowering decision-makers: A dynamic web interface for running Bayesian networks
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists are at the forefront of research that is critical for decision-making, particularly through the development of models (Bayesian networks, or BNs) that forecast coastal change. The utility of these tools outside the scientific community has been limited because they rely on expensive, technical software and a moderate understanding of statistical...
Contacts: Erika Lentz, Ph.D., Ben Gutierrez, PhD, Emily A Himmelstoss, Nathaniel Plant, Ph.D., Sara L Zeigler, Ph.D, Michael N Fienen, Emily J Sturdivant, Michelle Staudinger, Ph.D.
Attribution: Community for Data Integration (CDI)
Date published: November 15, 2016
Status: Archived
Relative Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of National Park Units to Sea-Level Rise
The National Park Service (NPS) is responsible for managing nearly 12,000 km (7,500 miles) of shoreline along oceans and lakes. In 2001 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with the NPS Geologic Resources Division, began conducting hazard assessments of future sea-level change by creating maps to assist NPS in managing its valuable resources. This website contains results of the...
Contacts: Erika Lentz, Ph.D., Elizabeth Pendleton
Below are publications associated with this project.
Select TopicsWater (2)Coasts (1)Data, Tools, and Technology (1)Mapping, Remote Sensing, and Geospatial Data (1)
Select Year2019 (1)2017 (2)2016 (3)2015 (2)2014 (3)2013 (1)2012 (2)2011 (3)2005 (1)
Select TypeArticle (10)Report (8)
Relationships between regional coastal land cover distributions and elevation reveal data uncertainty in a sea-level rise impacts model
Understanding land loss or resilience in response to sea-level rise (SLR) requires spatially extensive and continuous datasets to capture landscape variability. We investigate sensitivity and skill of a model that predicts dynamic response likelihood to SLR across the northeastern U.S. by exploring several data inputs and outcomes. Using...
Lentz, Erika E.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Thieler, E. Robert
Smartphone technologies and Bayesian networks to assess shorebird habitat selection
Understanding patterns of habitat selection across a species' geographic distribution can be critical for adequately managing populations and planning for habitat loss and related threats. However, studies of habitat selection can be time consuming and expensive over broad spatial scales, and a lack of standardized monitoring targets or methods...
Zeigler, Sara L.; Thieler, E. Robert; Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Hines, Megan K.; Fraser, James D.; Catlin, Daniel H.; Karpanty, Sarah M.
Zeigler, S.L., Thieler, E.R., Gutierrez, B.T., Plant, N.G., Hines, M. Fraser, J.D., Catlin, D.H., Karpanty, S.M., 2017. Smartphone technologies and Bayesian networks to assess shorebird habitat selection. Wildlife Society Bulletin. DOI: 10.1002/wsb.820.
Global and regional sea level rise scenarios for the United States
The Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flood Hazard Scenarios and Tools Interagency Task Force, jointly convened by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) and the National Ocean Council (NOC), began its work in August 2015. The Task Force has focused its efforts on three primary tasks: 1) updating scenarios of global mean sea level (GMSL) rise,...
Sweet, W.; Kopp, R.E.; Weaver, C.P.; Obeysekera, J; Horton, Radley M.; Thieler, E. Robert; Zervas, C.
Sweet, W.V., R.E. Kopp, C.P. Weaver, J. Obeysekera, R.M. Horton, E.R. Thieler, and C. Zervas, 2017: Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States. NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 083. NOAA/NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services.
Smartphone-based distributed data collection enables rapid assessment of shorebird habitat suitability
Understanding and managing dynamic coastal landscapes for beach-dependent species requires biological and geological data across the range of relevant environments and habitats. It is difficult to acquire such information; data often have limited focus due to resource constraints, are collected by non-specialists, or lack observational uniformity...
Thieler, E. Robert; Zeigler, Sara L.; Winslow, Luke; Hines, Megan K.; Read, Jordan S.; Walker, Jordan I.
Evaluation of dynamic coastal response to sea-level rise modifies inundation likelihood
Sea-level rise (SLR) poses a range of threats to natural and built environments1, 2, making assessments of SLR-induced hazards essential for informed decision making3. We develop a probabilistic model that evaluates the likelihood that an area will inundate (flood) or dynamically respond (adapt) to SLR. The broad-area applicability of the approach...
Lentz, Erika E.; Thieler, E. Robert; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Stippa, Sawyer R.; Horton, Radley M.; Gesch, Dean B.
Attribution: Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Climate Adaptation Science Centers, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Region 1: North Atlantic-Appalachian
Lentz, E.E., Thieler, E.R., Plant, N.G., Stippa, S.R., Horton, R., and Gesch, D., 2016, Evaluation of dynamic coastal response to sea-level rise modifies inundation likelihood: Nature Climate Change doi:10.1038/NCLIMATE2957.
Coupling centennial-scale shoreline change to sea-level rise and coastal morphology in the Gulf of Mexico using a Bayesian network
Predictions of coastal evolution driven by episodic and persistent processes associated with storms and relative sea-level rise (SLR) are required to test our understanding, evaluate our predictive capability, and to provide guidance for coastal management decisions. Previous work demonstrated that the spatial variability of long-term shoreline...
Plant, Nathaniel G.
Attribution: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands)
Plant, N. G., E. R. Thieler, and D. L. Passeri (2015), Coupling long-term shoreline change to sea-level rise and coastal morphology in the Gulf of Mexico using a Bayesian network, Earth's Future, 4, doi:10.1002/2015EF000331.
Using a Bayesian network to predict barrier island geomorphologic characteristics
Quantifying geomorphic variability of coastal environments is important for understanding and describing the vulnerability of coastal topography, infrastructure, and ecosystems to future storms and sea level rise. Here we use a Bayesian network (BN) to test the importance of multiple interactions between barrier island geomorphic variables. This...
Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Thieler, E. Robert; Turecek, Aaron
Gutierrez, B. T., N. G. Plant, E. R. Thieler, and A. Turecek (2015), Using a Bayesian network to predict barrier island geomorphologic characteristics, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 120, doi:10.1002/2015JF003671.
Evaluating coastal landscape response to sea-level rise in the northeastern United States: approach and methods
The U.S. Geological Survey is examining effects of future sea-level rise on the coastal landscape from Maine to Virginia by producing spatially explicit, probabilistic predictions using sea-level projections, vertical land movement rates (due to isostacy), elevation data, and land-cover data. Sea-level-rise scenarios used as model inputs are...
Lentz, Erika E.; Stippa, Sawyer R.; Thieler, E. Robert; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Gesch, Dean B.; Horton, Radley M.
Attribution: Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Region 1: North Atlantic-Appalachian
Lentz, E.E., Stippa, S.R., Thieler, E.R., Plant, N.G., Gesch, D.B., and Horton, R.M., 2015, Evaluating coastal landscape response to sea-level rise in the northeastern United States—Approach and methods (ver. 2.0, December 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1252, 26 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141252.
Using a Bayesian Network to predict shore-line change vulnerability to sea-level rise for the coasts of the United States
Sea-level rise is an ongoing phenomenon that is expected to continue and is projected to have a wide range of effects on coastal environments and infrastructure during the 21st century and beyond. Consequently, there is a need to assemble relevant datasets and to develop modeling or other analytical approaches to evaluate the likelihood of...
Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Pendleton, Elizabeth A.; Thieler, E. Robert
Using a Bayesian Network to predict shore-line change vulnerability to sea-level rise for the coasts of the United States; 2014; OFR; 2014-1083; Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Pendleton, Elizabeth A.; Thieler, E. Robert
A Bayesian network approach to predicting nest presence of thefederally-threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus) using barrier island features
Sea-level rise and human development pose significant threats to shorebirds, particularly for species that utilize barrier island habitat. The piping plover (Charadrius melodus) is a federally-listed shorebird that nests on barrier islands and rapidly responds to changes in its physical environment, making it an excellent species with which to...
Gieder, Katherina D.; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Fraser, James D.; Catlin, Daniel H.; Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Turecek, Aaron M.; Thieler, E. Robert
A Bayesian network approach to predicting nest presence of thefederally-threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus)using barrier island features; 2014; Article; Journal; Ecological Modeling; Gieder, Katherina D.; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Frasera, James D.; Catlin, Daniel H.; Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Turecek, Aaron M.; Thieler, E. Robert
Effects of sea-level rise on barrier island groundwater system dynamics: ecohydrological implications
We used a numerical model to investigate how a barrier island groundwater system responds to increases of up to 60 cm in sea level. We found that a sea-level rise of 20 cm leads to substantial changes in the depth of the water table and the extent and depth of saltwater intrusion, which are key determinants in the establishment, distribution and...
Masterson, John P.; Fienen, Michael N.; Thieler, E. Robert; Gesch, Dean B.; Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Plant, Nathaniel G.
Attribution: Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, New England Water Science Center, Water Resources, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Region 4: Mississippi Basin, Region 1: North Atlantic-Appalachian
Effects of sea-level rise on barrier island groundwater system dynamics: ecohydrological implications; 2014; Article; Journal; Ecohydrology; Masterson, John P.; Fienen, Michael N.; Thieler, E. Robert; Gesch, Dean B.; Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Plant, Nathaniel G.
Bridging groundwater models and decision support with a Bayesian network
Resource managers need to make decisions to plan for future environmental conditions, particularly sea level rise, in the face of substantial uncertainty. Many interacting processes factor in to the decisions they face. Advances in process models and the quantification of uncertainty have made models a valuable tool for this purpose. Long-...
Fienen, Michael N.; Masterson, John P.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Thieler, E. Robert
Attribution: New England Water Science Center, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Water Resources, Region 4: Mississippi Basin, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 1: North Atlantic-Appalachian
Bridging groundwater models and decision support with a Bayesian network; 2013; Article; Journal; Water Resources Research; Fienen, Michael N.; Masterson, John P.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Thieler, E. Robert
Below are data or web applications associated with this project.
An Interactive Guide to Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States
Barrier island geomorphology and shorebird habitat metrics: Four sites in New York, New Jersey, and Virginia, 2010–2014
This data release contains the extracted metrics of barrier island geomorphology and spatial data layers of habitat characteristics that are input to Bayesian networks for piping plover habitat availability and barrier island geomorphology.These datasets and models are being developed for sites along the northeastern coast of the United States.
Table and accompanying photographs for biogeomorphic classification of shorebird nesting sites on the U.S. Atlantic coast from March to September, 2016
Atlantic coast piping plover (Charadrius melodus) nest sites are typically found on low-lying beach and dune systems, which respond rapidly to coastal processes like sediment overwash, inlet formation, and island migration that are sensitive to climate-related changes in storminess and the rate of sea-level rise. Data were obtained to understand piping plover habitat distribution and...
Biogeomorphic classification and images of shorebird nesting sites on the U.S. Atlantic coast
Atlantic coast piping plover (Charadrius melodus) nest sites are typically found on low-lying beach and dune systems, which respond rapidly to coastal processes like sediment overwash, inlet formation, and island migration that are sensitive to climate-related changes in storminess and the rate of sea-level rise. Data were obtained to understand piping plover habitat distribution.
Coastal Change Hazards Portal
Interactive access to coastal change science and data for our Nation's coasts. Information and products are organized within three coastal change hazard themes: 1) extreme storms, 2) shoreline change, and 3) sea-level rise. Displays probabilities of coastal erosion.
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Water Resources, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 4: Mississippi Basin, Region 6: Arkansas-Rio Grande-Texas-Gulf, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Below are map products associated with this project.
Sea Level Change: An Interactive Guide to Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States
In collaboration with USGS researchers, The Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flood Hazard Scenarios and Tools Interagency Task Force convened by the U.S. Ocean Policy Committee and the U.S. Global Change Research Program has developed two products that provides users with information and a tool to visualize, interact with, and explore 2017 sea-level rise scenarios.
Map Type (field_map_type)
Select TypeStory MapsTopographical Maps (Topo Maps)Volcanic MapGeologic MapsGIS DataOther
Below are software products associated with this project.
bi-transect-extractor
This package is used to calculate coastal geomorphology variables along shore-normal transects. The calculated variables are used as inputs for modeling geomorphology using a Bayesian Network (BN).
iPlover
iPlover was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center and the USGS Center for Integrated Data Analytics. It is used by trained and vetted personnel to record information about habitats on coastal beaches and he environment surrounding them.
Below are multimedia items associated with this project.
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Fire Island, New York shoreline
Fire Island, NY sand dunes with protective sand fencing
Shorebirds on the shoreline on a Fire Island, NY beach
Ocean side homes on Fire Island, New York
Fire Island, NY beach houses
Beach front houses on Fire Island, NY
Fire Island, New York
Waves running up on the beach in Fire Island, New York
Fire Island, New York beach
Below are news stories associated with this project.
Challenges of predicting coastal impacts of sea level rise (SLR) in northeastern United States
The impacts of future sea level rise (SLR) are challenging to predict because they are not the same everywhere. Coastal environments and the amount of development vary—from marshes, beaches, and rocky headlands to cities, towns and beach communities—and so does how the coast responds to SLR.
Date published: March 4, 2019
USGS contributes to the Fourth National Climate Assessment
USGS Research Hydrologist Glenn Hodgkins co-authored the Fourth National Climate Assessment's Northeast chapter. USGS Research Geologist Erika Lentz was also a co-author. The recently published chapter discusses historical and potential future impacts of climatic changes on New England's people and natural resources, including it's inland and coastal waters.
Attribution: Land Resources, Climate Research and Development Program, Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program, New England Water Science Center
New Products Provide an Interactive Guide to Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States
A geo-narrative and accompanying data viewer provide users a new way to visualize 2017 sea-level rise scenarios originally generated for the National Climate Assessment (NCA).
Up to 70 Percent of Northeast U.S. Coast May Adapt to Rising Seas
Much of the coast from Maine to Virginia is more likely to change than to simply drown in response to rising seas during the next 70 years or so, according to a new study led by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Attribution: Land Resources, Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Shorebird Science? iPlover is the App for That
RESTON, Va.-- The latest tool designed to help manage the threatened piping plover is only a download away; iPlover is the first smartphone data collection application developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and will help those managing plover populations.
Below are partners associated with this project.
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)
U.S. National Park Service
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
Biodiversity Research Institute


The January 24, 2019 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine had an opinion article titled, Navigating Loneliness in the Era of Virtual Care. This esteemed journal has had several articles on physician burnout and this article addresses an aspect of that theme. The Article below is based on this article, plus additional ideas from the newsletter's editor in paragraph 2 and 4, Norman Wetterau.
Doctors used to make hospital rounds and discuss cases on the floor or in the doctor's lounge. Doctors belonged to medical societies. They ate lunch and at times dinner together. Today they communicate with the front desk via the EMR, so they may not see any fellow doctors or staff during their day in the office. They see patients with their face in the EMR. There is much written about burnout, and this opinion article addresses what may be part of it. In addition to what this article says, there is the subject of social cohesiveness in the younger generation. They are not joiners of medical organizations, other groups or churches. My grandson, who rarely gets together with his friends after school argues that they are more connected due to social media. There may be some truth to this, but not for all teens, and certainly not for doctors who spend 60 hours a week on the electronic medical record and no longer see medical or other friends.
Once burnout begins, some people become more isolated. The workload is so great that there is no time to talk to someone at lunch or to share an evening together. A feeling of hopelessness comes on. This same process happens in other areas of one's life. When things go bad, hide out. The article proposes some solutions, including face to face time with other health professionals. Some of this time is in non-medical activates and large medical groups can help felicitate this. Another way is through discussion about certain themes of medicine and of life. What he describes sounds a little like our retreats. As members of the Free Methodist Health Fellowship, let us see our own churches, and even our fellowship as a solution to loneliness. God made us to be connected. Being involved in a church is part of this and being connected to a group like the Free Methodist Healthcare Fellowship cannot hurt.
Let's invite other: MDs, NPs, PAs, RNs, and others. Our theme for September's Conference is: Serving God Throughout our Professional Lives, will bring us together to explore this, whether one is just starting out or is in retirement. The speaker, Dr. Bill Morehouse, also brought doctors and medical students together through the University of Rochester Christian Fellowship. One good way to prevent or address burnout is to share time and one's life with others, including those Christians in our profession. A weekend of physical, social, and spiritual refreshment is a good way to find joy and prevent burnout. Share this article and invite a friend to come along too.
I grew up throughout the Northeast after my father's return from WWII, moving multiple times over the years to follow his career in engineering. With each move we became active in a local mainline Protestant church, including Presbyterian, Methodist, and Episcopal congregations where I became involved in youth work. By the time my undergraduate medical education was complete, I had matriculated at 12 different schools and expanded my religious perspective into a misguided global interfaith belief in the goodness of mankind, coupled with the New Age sense accompanying my emerging liberal "hippie" lifestyle that all religions were basically groping around the same set of truths.
I chose to attend the College of Medicine at the University of Kentucky with its focus on primary care because I wanted to be a personal physician ("a real doctor") who cared for everyone in the family. I went on to residency in the new Family Practice Program in Rochester, NY because its emphasis on caring for underserved rural and urban populations was in keeping a persistent sense I have had that doctors and communities should focus their attention on the places in society that need the most help, similar to the way we focus more of our attention on the sick parts of a person while protecting and supporting those parts that are healthier.
Following the nationally known prison riot at the Attica Correctional Facility in 1971 I was instrumental in evaluating and recommending major changes to the failed health system there and offered my services to implement them. When my proposal was turned down, I took a job at an OEO poverty clinic in Rochester where my lifestyle and intense commitment to do a God-sized task led me into the personal crisis that culminated in my dramatic conversion to Christ in April 1974, a conversion that reconciled my sin, stress, hopes, fears, and entire church upbringing.
After a year of discipleship, followed by brief stints in emergency and occupational medicine, I met and married my wonderful wife of 43 years. Susan and I felt called together to open a whole person Christian clinic in the heart of the inner city neighborhood where we were living. Susan became a homemaker, community builder, mother of our four children, harpist, and grandmother of our seven grandchildren. What God started in 1978 has grown from a solo practice with one staff member to a multi-provider Federally Qualified Health Center serving two poorly resourced Rochester neighborhoods with numerous providers and support staff.
Over the years I've delivered over 1500 babies, cared for thousands of inpatients of all ages, and probably had nearly 100,000 documented "face-to-face encounters" with patients in the office. Training medical students and residents has always been part of it, with many going on into missions at home and abroad to establish similar works in other places. We're active in the Christian Community Health Fellowship and have overseen the development of student and practicing provider support groups in Rochester that are active at the University Medical Center and broader community, reaching the lives of hundreds over the years.
God is good, and the life He gives us is not only embedded in this fallen world but will go on into eternity beyond it. Susan and I are looking forward to being with all of you in September!
The campground was beautiful and even though the 45 people there were less than we often have, there were many new faces and people to get to know. We will return to Indiana next year, but with good memories of the Northwest and we hope a few new people from the west coast will follow us to Indiana.
The speakers, Eric and Rachel McLaughlin, are both physicians at Kibuye Hope Hospital in Burundi. Their talks were more spiritual than medical. In their medical work in Burundi, things often do not go well. God makes promises, but sometimes God appears to be breaking those promises. We reach out to those who are hurting but our efforts sometimes appear futile. These were some of the themes the pair, one a family physician and one an obstetrician, shared with us.
On Friday night we looked at Abraham. Promises were made to him, yet year after year they were not fulfilled. God promised that his offspring would be as the sands of the sea, but he still had no children. Yet he had faith. Although when he died these things had not all happened, they have happened now. God was faithful. God will answer, but not always when and how we plan. Revelation 21:5 is a key verse here, "He will make all things new". In their hospital, many will not be healed, but let's admit that even in our most advanced hospitals, all will eventually die, but God will make all things new.
On Saturday, we looked at 4 areas: insufficiency, losing hope, never enough, and darkness. Each issue was illustrated by at least one case that they had cared for. Insufficiency: Rachael cared for a woman who was infertile. She had lost 4 pregnancies and on her fifth she ended up with a ruptured uterus, In spite of Rachel's best efforts. She was unable to save the uterus but did save the mother. Infertility, which is a big issue in Burundi, will remain. Her efforts were insufficient. Normally, delivering babies is a happy time, and sometimes it is for Rachael, but she does not do normal deliveries nor even normal c-sections. In the US, she felt that her skills were good, but in Africa they often appeared insufficient for the cases in which she is called to intervene. In 2 Corinthians, Paul says that God's power is made perfect through his weakness and Rachael shared how she has experienced this. As she walks with those in need, she does not need to lose heart.
Losing Hope: Eric shared a case of triplets. After over 100-days one had finally gained enough weight to be discharged. This very premature baby had gone through many trials, but after 3 months, Eric felt success. It was all worth it. 2 days later, that baby suddenly died. Can a Christian physician have despair? Is lament in the scripture the same as despair? Eric pointed out that lament and despair are two very different things. Despair is the denial of God. Lament presumes that there is a God. Job never quit praying. In spite of his suffering and feeling of extreme sadness, he still believed in God, even a God who would not give him any answers. Many of the Psalms are laments, but one needs to work through various verses and stages until at the end the psalmist can see God. Lament is part of a Christian's life, but despair should not be.
Never enough: We work hard, we do so much, but it is never enough. There are so many patients and so many needs. We are exhausted, but maybe we could have done more. We watched a short video from Schindler's List where Schindler kept saying: "I could have done more". Hundreds of Jews were in the room telling him that he had done so much, but he kept repeating: "I could have done more, I could have done more". Eric referred to a sermon given by Tim Keller (Hope for the Poor - October 4, 2009) where he agreed with Schindler, that he could have done more. The main message is that our drive to feel that we have done "enough" is often motivated by a desire to earn God's approval. Effectively, we want God to say that we have done enough. But the gospel (and the beginning of 1 John 3) remind us that God's love and his adoption of us as sons and daughters is never dependent on us having done enough. It is an utterly free gift of grace. So, in the face of feeling like we have "never done enough", we need to return to the unmerited nature of God's love for us. The motivation for what we do is God's love. As people we can never do enough, but God can. We need to turn our life and actions over to God.
Darkness: At times things seem very dark. The situation may be very dark and hopeless for our patients, and at times for us. Jesus is the light of the world and that light can shine in any darkness, but we also are the light. In spite of difficult situations, we are involved in and patients who appear to be in darkness, but the light is Jesus and we reflect that light as it shines through us.
So many points were brought up in the talks that one could write a book, which is indeed what Eric has done. It is in the final stages of editing and should be available within the next year. We felt privileged to hear Rachael and Eric share their stories and insight as to how God is present in the most difficult and seemly hopeless situations. We should never lose heart.
On Saturday evening we had another treat. Eric writes music and is an excellent guitar player and pianist. He sang songs he had composed around the theme such as "Man of Dust". The words were much deeper than many contemporary Christian songs and deeply reinforced his talks. Many of these songs are on his website, so for those who could not attend, there will be the book and his songs, but even more important, Christ and his Word. Let us not lose heart!


The most important selling season of the year nearly upon us, and everything inside and outside of your shopping center has to be just right. Competition is fierce, but they're no match for your creative vision. Your seasonal décor is going to take your shoppers by storm – delivering the most magical moments with Santa ever! Now you just need to find the right seasonal décor design + build firm to harness your vision and bring it to life. With more than 30 years of proven history as a leading designer, manufacturer and installer of seasonal décor, Center Stage Productions has the expertise to take your entire project from conception to completion, giving you complete peace of mind.
"The holidays bring the gift of spending quality time with family and loved ones, to be in the moment and make special new ones," said Michael DeZaio, President of Center Stage Productions. It is this moment making aspect that drives us to the dream up the most imaginative holiday environments in which cherished memories are made. Each of our holiday environments is one-of-a-kind, making it uniquely yours. Design is our passion and we draw our inspiration from your vision, your brand, your existing architecture and the culture of your target market. Inside our design studio filled with gorgeous ribbons, festive lights and swatches galore, inspiration takes root and ideas bloom as we mastermind motifs to fill your property with the spirit of the season.
Alongside inspired style, the commitment to flawless seasonal decor craftsmanship runs deep at Center Stage Productions. Using state-of-the-art technology coupled with traditional techniques, our highly skilled artisans custom tailor every project to achieve the full vision of our clients. Our in-house production facility hums as millworkers, carpenters, airbrush artists and sculptors carefully craft each décor element with precise production. The finest materials, durable construction and time-tested quality control measures ensure well-built décor that Santa's visitors will enjoy for years to come.
Center Stage Productions will deliver and install your new holiday décor with an experienced crew, ensuring a smooth, worry–free set up. Every last detail matters and this is reflected in your installation as careful hands ensure that finishing touches are complete.
Expert design, production and installation services at Center Stage Production offer you a full-service solution that delivers peace-of-mind. It's no secret that we are a "yes we can" organization committed to ensuring the achievement of your objectives.
How can we help deliver peace-of-mind to you this holiday season?


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Culture, History/Theology November 20, 2018
America, the Mythical: "Mother of Exiles" or Denier of Safe Haven?
By Ed Simon
Thanksgiving has been marshaled in the battle over what is the proper interpretation of the idea of America. With thousands of refugees looking for amnesty in that "last, best hope of earth," will the better angels of our nature find room for them at the table?
(A)theologies, Archive, OMFG, Peter Laarman March 21, 2017
Storytime with David Brooks: In Which the Liberals' Favorite Conservative Gets Lost in a Lily-White History
By Peter Laarman
Personal research conducted among my lefty friends shows that for many liberals, reading David Brooks…
Archive, Culture, Sexuality/Gender April 28, 2016
Mayday's Demise and the Rise of our Gloomy Empire
May 1st 1628 was the second time that Thomas Morton had erected a Maypole at…
(A)theologies, Archive, Culture, Remapping American Christianities December 21, 2015
What Did the Puritans Have Against Christmas?
By Bruce David Forbes
Another Christmas, another string of outrages about the supposed "War on Christmas." In November there…
Culture November 25, 2015
How Thanksgiving Became All Dinner, No Worship
Or, why we're glad American culture settled on "Thanksgiving" over "Fasting and Humiliation."
Archive, Culture November 25, 2015
In a quiet part of the London borough of Southwark, on a street running parallel to…
Archive, Stories August 7, 2015
Will This Relic Change Our Whole View of Early American History?
It's a news story that contains the ingredients of a paperback thriller, the sort of…
Politics/Law August 20, 2010
Dangerous Religion
By Gary Laderman
Throughout US history the perpetrators of religiously-inspired violence have usually been white Protestant men fearful of non-Protestant communities.
(A)theologies, Politics/Law November 25, 2009
No Turkey for Me: Confessions of an Indian Militant
By Johnny P. Flynn
Forty years ago, Indian militants, as they were then named, occupied the island of Alcatraz. In their memory, our writer reflects on both the bloody history of the first Thanksgiving, and the remarkable, enduring power of tribal tradition to create spiritual sustenance in the modern world.
Archive**, Culture June 17, 2009
Sarah Vowell's The Wordy Shipmates: The Problem with Popularization
By Kathryn Lofton
While the history of popularization is a history of regular folk learning about other regular revolutionizing folk and imitating them, comic book histories like The Wordy Shipmates do their part in ensuring that the next generation knows more about Beyoncé than Byzantium.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/ShoutOut/BarneyMiller
Shout Out / Barney Miller
Create New - Create New - Analysis FanficRecs FanWorks Fridge Haiku Headscratchers ImageLinks Laconic PlayingWith Quotes Recap ReferencedBy Synopsis Timeline
In "Tunnel", a history teacher named Howard Gabriel at Harding High School is brought in for causing a disturbance, running up onto the roof in frustration with the other students taunting him to jump, stating that he gets treated roughly in spite of his efforts to be patient and understanding. When he's found with handcuffs, mace, and a blackjack, he tells Captain Miller that if he went into class armed only with his wit and told them jokes, they'd cut his heart out with their little pencils, making a reference to Welcome Back, Kotter, derisively singing part of the theme song:
Barney: Mr. Gabriel, I would imagine there are better ways of establishing rapport with one's class.
Howard Gabriel: What do you want? Do you want me to go in there like that Kotter on TV, armed only with my wit?
Barney: Mr. Gabriel—
Howard Gabriel: If I told them jokes like he did, they would cut my heart out with their little pencils!
Barney: Uh, Sgt. Dietrich will take your statement.
Dietrich: Have a seat over there, Mr. Gabriel.
Howard Gabriel: Oh God, how I hate that show. "Welcome back, welcome back..." You want to know how they welcomed back Mr. Blaine, the librarian? Blew up his car!
In one episode, a woman goes to the police because her husband of over 20 years did something different when they were having sex, and she now thinks that he's a replacement. One of the detectives sardonically says to her, "Did you check for pods?" which is a reference to Invasion of the Body Snatchers.
The beggar in "The Harris Incident", who finances a very nice house and nanny after being laid off from Wall Street, is a reference to the Sherlock Holmes story "The Man with the Twisted Lip."
In the episode "Obituary", a newspaper reporter's city editor is named Lou. Lampshaded by Harris.
In the episode "The Search", Dietrich mentions a children's show called Invertebrates, Invertebrates, Invertebrates. This is a parody of an ABC Sunday afternoon children's show Animals, Animals, Animals which was hosted by Hal Linden.
In the episode "Uniform Days", a criminal complains that he's not being treated like they do on Dragnet. Dietrich promptly engages him in small talk (reminiscent of Sgt. Friday) about the pot holders that he makes, complete with Dragnet style quick cuts between the two. After the suspect looks confused, Dietrich says "You wanted Dragnet, didn't you?"
In the episode "Discovery", Fish talks of a film in which "they turned old people into crackers and fed them to young people."
Dietrich's concern for a pleasant amnesiac in "Eviction" leads Barney to caution him on falling in love with suspects;
Barney: Dietrich, I don't have to remind you about the danger of getting personally involved with a suspect.
Dietrich: Ah, I can handle it, Barn.
Barney: I mean, this is no Mickey Spillane novel, where the hard-boiled detective falls for the beautiful amnesiac.
Dietrich: She's just another case to me. [pause] With your average sensational gams.
(He drops into a very slight Bogart drawl on that line. Nails it cold.)
In "The Vandal", a TV programmer is brought into the squad room after getting into a fight with a man who hates all the garbage on TV. The other man's incessant needling finally causes the TV programmer to snap, and he starts ranting about all the crap he has to put on the air. The rant ends with the programmer jumping up on the cell bars and screaming "I'm mad as hell, and I'm not gonna take it anymore!", in homage to Howard Beale's frustrated rant from "Network".
In "Movie: Part 1", Barney lays into Harris for blowing almost the entire budget for the pornographic film he has been assigned to make before a single frame of film has been shot. Harris replies, "They didn't bother Cimino until he went above $40 million!", a reference to the budget overruns for the film Heaven's Gate (at the time this episode aired, Michael Cimino was hastily re-editing the film after a poor showing at its premiere).
In "Voice Analyzer", when Dietrich is taking a "vocal stress test" (read: lie detector test), the interviewer asks him where he was born. He says he doesn't remember, as it was "a long, long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away," a reference to the opening text of Star Warsnote as it was then known, The Empire Strikes Back still being a year away.
The main subject of "The Counterfeiter" is a modern update of the Real Life Edward Mueller, whose story was the basis of Mister 880, starring Edmund Gwenn as counterfeiter Skipper Miller.
In "Copycat", Yemana researches a copycat's next crime by studying a TV Guide. When Barney asks if he's found anything, Yemana replies "Lucy just found out she's pregnant, and doesn't know how to tell Ricky". Later Dietrich asks Barney if Yemana came up with anything.
Barney: Just that Lucy's pregnant.
Dietrich: That Charlie Brown's a devil, isn't he?
At the beginning of "Fog", Dietrich and Wojo are awed by the thick fog blanketing New York. Dietrich proceeds to quote Act I, Scene 1 of William Shakespeare's Macbeth: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair / Hover through the fog and filthy air." Wojo replies by quoting Carl Sandburg's "Fog": "The fog comes / on little cat feet. / It sits looking / over harbor and city / on silent haunches / and then moves on." (Harris then enters and brings things back to earth by simply describing the fog as "thick as pea soup". "Ours were better," Wojo tells Dietrich.)
ShoutOut/Live-Action TV


We are amending the fruits and vegetables regulations to allow the importation of fresh jackfruit, pineapple, and starfruit from Malaysia into the continental United States. As a condition of entry, all three commodities must be irradiated for insect pests, inspected, and imported in commercial consignments. There will also be additional, commodity-specific requirements for other pests associated with jackfruit, pineapple, and starfruit from Malaysia. This action provides for the importation of jackfruit, pineapple, and starfruit from Malaysia while continuing to provide protection against the introduction of quarantine pests.


What happens when a CIA agent gets fired? You will soon find out on USA Network's Burn Notice, a new series premiering June 28.
Jeffrey Donovan stars as Michael Westen, an international spy who suddenly finds himself blacklisted. Dumped in his hometown of Miami without money or resources, Michael struggles to put his life back together and find out why he's been burned. In the meantime, he uses his unique skills and training to help people in need … mostly people who can't get help from the police.
Secret Asian Man? No, that's not it. The who's identity? No, that's not it. These spy flicks, under cover agent shows are all the rage these days and it's no wonder. They have plenty of potential for entertainment. It's the classic murder mystery novel in television form.
We'll probably be discovering some very interesting facts about Michael's past that led to his being burned. He'll probably have a couple of close calls where he gets too close to the truth and is fended off by the CIA… whew that was a close call. Be prepared for a lot a action and probably romance considering the photos from the website.
All in all I think it has the potential to be a really good show; I looking forward to it.


VideoHero.js is a lightweight and configurable jQuery Video plugin for creating 'Hero' video on the webpage. Supports both Youtube and HTML5 videos.
The plugin automatically stretches the Youtube or HTML5 video player to fill the whole browser window while maintaining the original aspect ratio.
Also provides a volume control which enables the user to mute & unmute the playing video.
3. Initialize the VideoHero.js plugin and done.
4. All default options to customize the plugin.
This awesome jQuery plugin is developed by jesus997. For more Advanced Usages, please check the demo page or visit the official website.


Image Title: Ilkem Marble Allentown Installing Granite Countertops With Regard To Pa Remodel 3. Filename: ilkem-marble-allentown-installing-granite-countertops-with-regard-to-pa-remodel-3.jpg. Image Dimension: 700 x 500 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Lamont Senger. Uploaded Date: Monday - May 21st. 2018 08:50:16 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: lowes.com.
Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Ilkem Marble Allentown Installing Granite Countertops With Regard To Pa Remodel 3"


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Boris Johnson reluctant to impose a second full lockdown
Prime Minister Boris Johnson is reluctant to impose a second full coronavirus lockdown.
As officials become better at spotting and isolating local outbreak of the virus, he would hold a total shutdown in reserve.
He told The Sunday Telegraph:
"I can't abandon that tool any more than I would abandon a nuclear deterrent.
"But it is like a nuclear deterrent, I certainly don't want to use it, and nor do I think we will be in that position again."
Mr Johnson's comments are, however, at variance with his chief scientific adviser Sir Patrick Vallance.
He warned last week there was "a risk" of having to impose national measures as winter approaches.
Mr Johnson told the Telegraph:
"It's not just that we're getting much better at spotting the disease and isolating it locally, but we understand far more which groups it affects, how it works, how it's transmitted, so the possibility of different types of segmentation, of enhanced shielding for particular groups, is now there."


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Coding Human Rights Law: Citizen Lab Summer Institute 2017 Workshop Report
8 Pages Posted: 14 Feb 2018
See all articles by Corinne Cath
Corinne Cath
University of Oxford - Oxford Internet Institute
Ben Zevenbergen
Christiaan van Veen
The Internet simultaneously facilitates the exercise and fulfilment of human rights, as well as being conducive to human rights violations. Technical organizations and individual Internet companies, in particular, grapple with their responsibility to respect human rights. There is a clear demand for a better understanding of how digital technology can support the exercise of human rights, but little knowledge on how to do so.
For these reasons, we organized a workshop at the 2017 Citizen Lab Summer Institute (CSLI) in Toronto, entitled: 'Coding Human Rights Law'. The objective of the workshop was four-fold:
1. Explore the relationship between Internet technology (in the broadest sense) and human rights; 2. Understand how such technologies can support the exercise of human rights; 3. Identify bottlenecks when integrating human rights considerations into Internet technology; 4. List recommendations to provide guidance to the various stakeholders working on human-rights strengthening technology.
This paper provides an overview of the workshop discussion. The workshop was focused on providing a "deep dive" for academics, technologists, human rights experts, lawyers, government officials, and NGO employees, to gather their experiences and distil best-practices. We identified multiple concerns, of which three major ones will be covered in this report.
We first address the applicability of current international human rights frameworks to debates about Internet technology. We then focus on issues surrounding the integration of human rights considerations into the design and operationalization of Internet technology. Finally, we briefly deal with political considerations surrounding the debate on integrating human rights into Internet technology. We also identified a number of considerations that should be the topic of further debate and reflection.
Keywords: Human Rights, Internet, Internet Design, Code, Ethics, Citizen Lab Summer School
Cath, Corinne and Zevenbergen, Ben and van Veen, Christiaan, Coding Human Rights Law: Citizen Lab Summer Institute 2017 Workshop Report (2017). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117141 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3117141
Corinne Cath (Contact Author)
University of Oxford - Oxford Internet Institute ( email )
1 St. Giles
Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 4AU
Princeton University ( email )
22 Chambers Street
Princeton, NJ 08544-0708
New York University School of Law ( email )
40 Washington Square South


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Q: Get systemd's default limits is there a way to find out the default values of the parameter which are set in the /etc/systemd/system.conf file?
The manual page of systemd-system.conf just says:
When run as system instance systemd reads the configuration file
system.conf, otherwise user.conf. These configuration files contain a
few settings controlling basic manager operations.

The variables are outcommented (in user.conf + system.conf) and the file /etc/security/limits.conf is ignored by systemd.
So, what are the default values? Are they all set to unlimited?

A: The answer is:
systemctl show

:)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Fruitbat Factory announced they will be localizing the Studio Beast developed visual novel Chuusotsu – 1st Graduation: Time After Time in west for PC-steam.
Released last year, Chuusotsu – 1st Graduation: Time After Time is an all-ages romantic visual novel featuring a story of three girls living under the same roof. However, the trio must tackle some existential questions to win their place in society.
Additionally, a Prefundia page has been launched to give fans a preview of the future KickStarter the publisher has planned for the game. With a modest goal set for $2ok, fans will be able to pick up some physical goods upon the game's launch.
The localization of the game is being worked on now and will be delivered whether the KickStarter gets funded or not.


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LEARNING & INNOVATION
Weekly articles in The Manila Times - Business Times Section, written by Moje Ramos-Aquino, FPM
Balanced Scorecard presents a mix of lag and lead indicators
THE MANILA TIMES
Business Times p.B1
http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2004/oct/28/yehey/business/20041028bus6.html
By Moje Ramos-Aquino
ONE of the benefits of a Balanced Scorecard is that it provides us the venue for constant conversations about what we do, why we do, what we are doing and how well we are doing-in living facts and figures.
Organizations, though, still exclusively rely on financial measures of performance. Paul Niven (Balanced Scorecard Step by Step: Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results, Wiley & Sons) describes financial measures as:
* Not consistent with today's business environment, in which most value is created by intangible assets.
* Provide a great "rearview mirror" of the past but often lack predictive power.
* Consolidation of financial information tends to promote functional silos.
* Long-term value-creating activities may be compromised by short-term financial metrics from activities such as employee reductions.
* Most high-level financial measures provide little in the way of guidance to lower-level employees in their day-to-day actions.
Many organizations still use these lagging measures of performance as basis for many important business decisions instead of developing leading indicators. Niven advocates using two columns for collecting performance measures, i.e., one for lagging indicators and another for the leading measures that will drive your outcome measures.
To build a good Balanced Scorecard you should mix lag and lead measures. Niven made these differentiations:
Lag measures focus on results at the end of a time period, easy to identify, normally characterizing historical performance. Examples are market share, sales, lost-time accidents and employee satisfaction. However, since they are historical in nature, they do not reflect current activities and lack predictive power. A high sales volume in the last quarter or year will not guarantee similar or higher sales volume in the future.
Lead measures drive or lead performance of lag measures, normally measuring intermediate processes and activities. Examples are hours spent with customers, proposals written and absenteeism.
They are predictive in nature and allow the organization to make adjustments based on results. However, they are difficult to identify and capture and are often new measures with no history at the organization.
Lag indicators represent the consequences of actions previously taken while lead indicators predict performance of lagging measures. Examples: sales may be driven by hours spent with customers, market share may be driven by brand awareness, and lost-time accidents may be driven by the safety audit scores.
Lag indicators without performance drivers fail to inform you of how you hope to achieve your results. Conversely, leading indicators may signal key improvements throughout the organization, but on their own do not reveal whether these improvements are leading to improved customer and financial results.
Lead indicators are what make your organization stand out in the marketplace or in your industry by identifying the specific activities and processes you believe are critical to driving those lag indicators of success.
A well-constructed BSC gives you a reliable and more accurate story of your organization, using both lag and lead indicators, and gives you a better handle at decision making and lots of confidence at managing and leading.
(Moje, president of Paradigms & Paradoxes Corp., assists organizations in their Strategic Thinking, Planning and Balanced Scorecard initiatives. Her e-mail address is innovationcamp@yahoo.com)
Posted by Moje Ramos-Aquino, FPM at 5:52 PM
Balanced Scorecard (BSC): a virtuous cycle
Learning & Innovation – October 21, 2004
By Moje Ramos-Aquino, FPM
The fathers of BSC Robert S. Kaplan & David P. Norton describes it as "a system of linked objectives, measures, targets and initiatives which collectively describe the strategy of an organization and how the strategy can be achieved. It can take something as complicated and frequently nebulous as strategy and translate it into something that is specific and can be understood." A Balanced Scorecard is a framework for defining, refining and communicating strategy, for translating strategy to operational terms, and for measuring the effectiveness of strategy implementation.
In its simplest form, a BSC is a virtuous cycle, a cause-and-effect chain.
Authors Olve, Petri and Roy (Making Scorecards Actionable: balancing strategy and control; Wiley & Sons) there is more to the scorecard than immediately meets the eye:
• The scorecard is balanced; the four perspectives aim for a complete description of what you need to know about the business. There is a time dimension going from bottom to top. E.g. current profitability (or loss) may largely be a consequence of what was done last quarter or last year.
• It is balanced because it shows both internal and external aspects of the business. E.g. a "well-oiled machinery" of internal processes and the customers' views and contacts that have been established in the marketplace are both shown in a BSC.
• Finally, the BSC is linked through cause–and-effect assumptions. Among its important uses is to reflect on how strong these linkages are, what time delays they involved, and how certain you can be about them in the face of external competition and change.
(Moje, president of Paradigms & Paradoxes Corp, assists companies in their Strategic Thinking, Planning and Balanced Scorecard initiatives. Her email address is innovationcamp@yahoo.com)
Balanced Scorecard (BSC): An overview
Peter Senge observes that many leaders have personal visions that never get translated into shared visions that galvanize an organization. He asserts that what has been lacking is the discipline for translating individual vision into shared vision.
Now there is the BSC used by many successful organizations (private and government) around the world as a tool that translates an organization's VMVG and strategy into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system.
The BSC can be used to deal with many of the barriers to effective cascade of shared visions and successful implementation of strategy such as:
* Vision, Mission, Values and Strategic Goals (VMVG), which are not known, actionable and understood
* Strategy is not linked to departmental, team and individual objectives
* Strategy is not linked to resource allocation
* Feedback is tactical, not strategic
The Balanced Scorecard Collaborative, a global network to support organizations implementing BSC, reports that the origins of BSC can be traced back to 1990, when the Nolan Norton Institute sponsored a one-year multicompany study: "Measuring Performance in the Organization of the Future."
The study team was led by Nolan Norton as project leader and Robert Kaplan as academic consultant. Dr. David Norton was CEO of the Nolan Norton Institute, a consulting firm he confounded, which became the research arm of the KPMG, and he now serves as the president with the Balanced Scorecard Collaborative. Robert S. Kaplan is the Marvin Bower Professor of Leadership Development at Harvard Business School.
Messrs. Norton and Kaplan believed that reliance on summary financial-performance measures was hindering organizations' abilities to create future economics values. Therefore, study participants shifted to focus on the multidimensional scorecard and expanded to "Balanced Scorecard" concepts in 1992.
So what is a Balanced Scorecard?
The author Nils Goran Olve defines BSC as a format for describing the activities of an organization through a number of measures for each of these (usually) four perspectives. The description may refer to the business's current performance, or to its goals for the next period.
A BSC measures the performance of organizations from the following perspectives:
* Financial: How do we look to shareholders?
* Customers: How do customers see us?
* Internal process: What must we excel at?
* Innovation and Learning: Can we continue to improve and create value?
Why use BSC when you already went through your annual goal setting and budget setting exercises. You also have regular feedback mechanism to discuss the bottom line and total quality initiatives, e.g. ISO, ESH, others. Three major reasons to migrate your strategy into the BSC framework:
* The traditional financial performance measures (i.e. ROI, EPS) can give misleading signals for continuous improvement and innovation.
* Financial Measures alone are not enough because they may not capture all of a company's strategic objectives, bottom-line measures are after the fact and they are not very diagnostic.
* Balanced Scorecard aligns organizations to new strategies: away from the historic, short-term focus on cost reduction and low-price competition, and toward generating growth opportunities by offering customized, value-added products and services to customers.
The name "Balanced Scorecard" reflects the Balance between:
* short-term and long-term objectives
* financial and non-financial measures
* lagging and leading indicators
* external and internal performance perspectives.
For this segment of our continuing Journey on Entrepreneurship, we shall heavily lean on these books from John Wiley & Sons, Inc. for the case studies and experience of the authors:
Balanced Scorecard Step-by-Step: Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results by Paul R. Niven
Making Scorecards Actionable: Balancing Strategy and Control by Nils-Goran Olve, Carl-Johan Petri, Jan Roy and Sofie Roy.
We shall also use notes from materials I bought at the ASTD 2004 International Conference.
If you are already using BSC or about to use BSC, let's exchange notes, ideas, feelings and insights from our experience. I shall endeavor to answer your questions.
(Moje, president of Paradigms & Paradoxes Corp., facilitates and consults on Strategic Thinking, Planning and Balanced Scorecard. Her e-mail address is innovationcamp@yahoo.com)
Balanced Scorecard: Common language for business
Mimes communicate using their body, gestures and facial expressions. Accountants communicate with financial statements. Scientists communicate with formulas, models and prototypes. Business communicates in various forms, styles, buzzwords, jargons and acronyms that differ industry to industry, company to company that makes everything very confusing.
Harvard professors Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton have jointly devised an easily understandable language for business that could be readily used to communicate top down, laterally and bottom up. In this interesting leg of our Journey on Entrepreneurship, we shall learn about the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). It is a communication, management and performance measurement system in one simple framework.
First let us define a few terms to help us build and implement a BSC:
Cause effect relationship: The natural flow of business performance from a lower level to an upper level within or between perspectives. For example, training employees on customer relations leads to better customer service which in turn leads to improved financial results. One side is the leader or driver, producing an end result or effect on the other side.
Goal: An overall achievement that is considered critical to the future success of the organization. Goals express where the organization wants to be.
Measurement: A way of monitoring and tracking the progress of strategic objectives. Measurements can be leading indicators of performance (leads to an end result) or lagging indicators (the end results).
Objective: What specifically must be done to execute the strategy; i.e. what is critical to the future success of our strategy? What the organization must do to reach its goals!
Perspectives: Four or five different views of what drives the organization. Perspectives provide a framework for measurement. The four most common perspectives are: financial (final outcomes), customer, internal processes, and learning and growth.
Programs: Major initiatives or projects that must be undertaken in order to meet one or more strategic objectives.
Strategic area: A major strategic thrust for the organization, such as maximizing shareholder value or improving the efficiency of operations. Strategic areas define the scope for building the balanced scorecard system.
Strategic grid: A logical framework for organizing a collection of strategic objectives over four or more perspectives. Everything is linked to capture a cause and effect relationship. Strategic grids are the foundation for building the Balanced Scorecard.
Strategic model: The combination of all strategic objectives over a strategic grid, well connected and complete, providing one single model or structure for managing the strategic area.
Strategy: An expression of what the organization must do to get from one reference point to another reference point. Strategy is often expressed in terms of a mission statement, vision, goals and objectives. Strategy is usually developed at the top levels of the organization, but executed by lower levels within the organization.
Target: An expected level of performance or improvement required in the future.
Templates: Visual tools for assisting people with building a balanced scorecard, typically used for capturing and comparing data within the four components of the Balanced Scorecard: strategic grids, measurements, targets and programs.
Vision: An overall statement of how the organization wants to be perceived over the long term (3 years to 5 years).
Our references are mainly:
Making Scorecards Actionable: balancing strategy and control (John Wiley and Sons) Nils-Goran Olve,Carl-Johan Petri, Jan Roy and Sofie Roy
Balanced Scorecard Step-by-Step: maximizing performance and maintaining results (G.P. Putnam's Sons) By Paul R. Niven
If you have extra budget, you may also want to get the books of Mssrs. Kaplan and Norton (Harvard Business School Press): The Strategy-Focused Organizations: How Balanced Scorecard companies thrive int he new business environment The Balanced Scorecard: Translating strategy into action and Strategy Maps: Converting intangible assets into tangible outcomes.
(Moje, president of Paradigms & Paradoxes Corp., facilitates Strategic Thinking, Planning and Balanced Scorecard initiatives. Her e-mail address is innovationcamp@yahoo.com)
About Moje
Moje is a Fellow in People Management; Columnist in the Manila Times - Business Section; and Consultant on Human Resources and Organization Development
Balanced Scorecard presents a mix of lag and lead ...
Contents©2003-2010 Moje Ramos-Aquino; Website©2010 Ronwaldo Aquino. Picture Window theme. Theme images by Nikada. Powered by Blogger.


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package catuml.presentation.viewmodel;

public class SplitViewMetrics {

    public static final double INITIAL_DIVIDER_POSITION = 250.0;
    public static final double MINIMUM_DIVIDER_POSITION = 100.0;

    private SplitViewMetrics() {}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Cheap flights from Anaheim to Miami (SNA - MIA)
The best prices from Anaheim to Miami are usually found in August or July, booked 33 days in advance, depart on a Tuesday or Saturday and return on a Tuesday
Home North America USA Florida Miami Cheap flights from Anaheim to Miami
Anaheim (SNA) to Miami (MIA)
SNA - MIA
From Anaheim to Miami
One-way flight from Anaheim to Miami
What is the cheapest day to fly round-trip from Anaheim to Miami?
Users have found that flying from Anaheim to Miami on a Thursday typically leans towards higher prices. However, this doesn't mean you still can't find a deal. Flexibility with other aspects of your flight can still land a great price for your trip.
How far in advance should I book a flight from Anaheim to Miami?
To save up to 33% on this flight, we recommend booking at least 28 days prior to travel. The price may fluctuate and will likely increase closer to your departure date. Users on Cheapflights have found tickets from Anaheim to Miami from $202 1-2 weeks out and tickets from $254 for flights departing within the next 72 hours.
What is the cheapest month to fly from Anaheim to Miami?
Due to multiple factors, expect to potentially pay more when booking in December. For low rates, July can be a great choice for travel to Miami. Flights to Miami from Anaheim in July are about $207 on average during July, but can be found for as low as $56.
When is the cheapest time to fly from Anaheim to Miami (SNA - MIA)?
One of the essential ways to save on airfare from Anaheim to Miami is to remain as flexible as possible. Flights that are in the morning tend to be the most expensive. A flight in the afternoon could potentially save you up to 27% on airfare.
Cheap flights from Anaheim to Miami in January, February 2021
The best prices found for SNA to MIA flights for January, February
Santa Ana J. Wayne/Orange Cnty
Anaheim to Miami 2021 flight deals
Cheap flights to Miami from Anaheim found for this year
Last minute flights from Anaheim to Miami
Late deals on round-trip flights to Miami from Anaheim, departing today and this week
One-way flights to Miami from Anaheim
The cheapest one-way flights from Anaheim to Miami
Useful info, stats and facts about Anaheim to Miami flights.
Are flight prices decreasing from Santa Ana to Miami due to COVID-19 (coronavirus)?
At this time, Cheapflights has noticed price decreases for many domestic flights due to COVID-19. Travel is not necessarily recommended at this time, and flights may be prone to cancellation: please check with local authorities in both Santa Ana and Miami for travel alerts, and be sure to review the airline's cancellation policy and travel advisories before booking. For more information, please view our post on what to know about COVID-19 (coronavirus) and travel.
What safety measures are being taken by airlines flying from Santa Ana J. Wayne/Orange Cnty to Miami to control the spread of COVID-19?
Alaska Airlines and Delta are some of the many airlines that have implemented additional safety measures to control the spread of COVID-19. Some of the new policies that have been implemented to accommodate travelers flying from Santa Ana J. Wayne/Orange Cnty to Miami are improved sanitation, HEPA filters, mask requirements, social distance seating (for a limited time), and pre-flight testing for antibodies and symptoms. Policies will vary by airline.
Which airlines flying from Santa Ana J. Wayne/Orange Cnty to Miami have flexible cancellations due to COVID-19?
American Airlines, United Airlines, and Frontier are some of the carriers that may have flexible cancellation policies. You can use our site to filter for other airlines that may also have this kind of flexibility.
Can I find flights from Anaheim to Miami for under $100 on Cheapflights?
Yes, there are multiple flights from Anaheim to Miami for under $100. The cheapest flight booked recently is on Frontier for just $88, but on average you can expect to pay $153.
Are there nonstop flights from Anaheim to Miami for under $100 on Cheapflights?
There are no nonstop flights from Anaheim to Miami, but Cheapflights can provide you with all the information you need to find the fastest route with the fewest stops.
Are there last-minute flights available from Anaheim to Miami for under $200?
There are currently 20+ open flights from Anaheim to Miami within the next 7 days for less than $200.
Flights from Santa Ana J. Wayne/Orange Cnty to Miami have been viewed 798 times in the past calendar month.
Does it rain more in Santa Ana or Miami?
When traveling, it's generally smart to pack in preparation for rain or any other conditions that may arise. The rainfall in Santa Ana is roughly greater than that of Miami. You can assume this to be the case over the next 10 days.
Is Santa Ana weather warmer or cooler than Miami?
Our data indicates that the weather will be 91 °F on average in the month of July. The temperature in Miami is typically hotter than in Santa Ana. If you're traveling when the temperature is at its warmest, push to plan early, as flight price and availability will have an impact on your travels. For the best results, search for flights well in advance or after peak season.
How long is the flight from Anaheim to Miami?
For as low as $177, Frontier can have you in Miami from Anaheim in 13h 59m.
What is the cheapest airline to fly from Anaheim to Miami round-trip?
Currently priced at $88, Frontier will fly you from Anaheim to Miami and back. In addition to Frontier, many other airlines offer competitively priced options for your trip. Frontier is priced at 74% lower than the current average price of a flight leaving 3 months from now.
What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Anaheim to Miami one-way?
For one-way options, check prices for Frontier. According to our data, you can fly for as low as $50. Users have also found prices from $99 and $109 on Frontier and American Airlines, respectively.
Flights to Miami from Anaheim
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Alternative routes for Anaheim to Miami
Los Angeles to Daytona Beach from $214 pp
Fresno to Daytona Beach from $315 pp
Long Beach to Daytona Beach from $321 pp
Bakersfield to Jacksonville from $335 pp
Burbank to Daytona Beach from $349 pp
Things to know before you go. Useful info for your trip from Anaheim to Miami
Airports servicing Santa Ana
Santa Ana (SNA)
Top 6 airlines flying from Anaheim to Miami
The chart below displays the airlines Cheapflights users traveling from Anaheim to Miami choose most often. Cheapest and average prices are based on aggregated data from the past 12 months.
Alaska Airlines $204 $412 No cancel fee 75%
Search Alaska Airlines flights
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Pow: The July 1994 impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter, captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: R. Evans/J. Trauger/H. Hammel/HST Comet Science Team/NASA.
Small asteroid impacts over the span of the Earth over a 20 year period. NASA/Planetary Science.
One reason we may never have witnessed a meteor impact on Jupiter is, astronomers (both professional and amateur) never thought to look for them. The big wake-up call was the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 in July 1994, an event witnessed by the newly refurbished Hubble Space Telescope as the resulting impact scars were easily visible in backyard telescopes for weeks afterward. Back in the day, speculation was rampant in the days leading up to the impact: would the collision be visible at all? Or would gigantic Jupiter simply gobble up the tiny comet fragments with nary a belch?
Australian amateur astronomer Anthony Wesley also caught an interesting impact (scar?) in 2009, and every few years or so, we get word of an elusive flash reported on the Jovian cloudtops, sometimes corroborated by a secondary independent observation or a resulting impact scar, and sometimes not.
An impact scar (top center on the disk) on Jupiter, captured on July 19th, 2009. Image credit: Anthony Wesley.
Of course, there are factors which will lower said ideal versus the actual observed impact rate. There's always a month or so a year, for example, when Jupiter is near solar conjunction on the far side of the Sun, and out of range for observation. Also, we only see half of the Jovian disk from our Earthly perspective at any given time, and we're about to lose our only set of eyes in orbit around Jupiter – NASA's Juno spacecraft – later this summer, unless there's a last minute mission extension.
On the plus side, however, Jupiter is a fast rotator, spinning on its axis once every 9.9 hours. This also means that near opposition, you can also track Jupiter through one full rotation in a single evening.
Finding Jupiter: looking eastward tonight at around 11PM local. Credit Stellarium.
Then there's the planet's location in the sky: Currently, Jupiter's crossing the southern constellation of Libra, and opposition for Jove moves about one astronomical constellation eastward along the ecliptic a year. Jupiter will bottom out along the ecliptic in late 2019, and won't pop back up north of the celestial equator until May 2022. And while it's not impossible for northern observers to keep tabs on Jupiter when it's down south, we certainly get more gaps in coverage around this time.
Hale-Bopp's close inbound passage near Jupiter in 1996. Credit: NASA/JPL-Horizons.
Should we hail Jove as a protective 'cosmic goal-tender,' or fear it as the bringer of death and destruction? There are theories that Jupiter may be both: for example, Jupiter altered the inbound path of Comet Hale-Bopp in 1997, shortening its orbital period from 4,200 to 2,533 years. The 2000 book Rare Earth even included the hypothesis of Jupiter as a cosmic debris sweeper as one of the factors for why life evolved on Earth… if this is true, it's an imperfect one, as Earth does indeed still get hit as well.
All reasons to keep an eye on Jupiter in the 2018 opposition season.
-See something strange? The ALPO Jupiter observers section wants to know!