text:
\section{Introduction}

Brown dwarfs in short and intermediate periods ($<5$ AU) are
relatively rare compared to their occurrence at wider
separations. \citet{met08} show that the frequency of brown dwarfs at
larger separations (29-1590 AU) is $\sim$ 3.2\%, much larger than the
$\sim 0.5$\% observed for separations less than 3 AU
\citep{mar00}. This 'brown dwarf desert' in radial velocity
observations is highly significant and not easy to
explain. Confirmation of radial velocity detected brown dwarf
candidates is also challenging since the observations only yield a
minimum mass and radial velocity alone cannot break the degeneracy
between companion mass and inclination.

For some of the brighter stars hosting brown dwarf candidates, the
Hippparcos measurements \citep{per97} (coupled with the radial
velocity data) can be used to estimate the mass of the companion. Such
techniques have been demonstrated by \citet{zuc00}, \citet{ref06}, and
\citet{kur08}. Eclipsing binary systems, and close binaries where both
spectra can be observed, offer the prospect of the dynamical
measurement of the mass of the two companions, and such systems have
been used to determine accurate brown dwarf and low-mass star masses
by \citet{zap04} and \citet{sta06}. \citet{ire08} have measured the
dynamical mass for GJ~802b using aperture masking and interferometry.

Another way to confirm the mass of the companion unambiguously is to
detect a transit. Coupled with radial velocity data this constrains
the inclination angle and therefore the mass of the companion. The
challenge with attempting this method on brown dwarf candidates
discovered using the radial velocity technique is that the periods are
typically 100--1000 days, making the transit probability very
small. Another approach is to follow-up up detections from transit
surveys with radial velocity observations to determine the mass of the
candidate. This method has recently been employed by \citet{del08} in
the discovery of the transiting brown dwarf ($\sim$22 Jupiter mass)
companion to the F3V star CoRoT-Exo-3.  While this is frequently done
for the most promising candidates, the large amount of time required
for precision radial velocity observations to confirm a planet leads
to many candidates also being rejected before radial velocity
follow-up. We selected 5 candidate transiting objects from the
SuperWASP fields between 06--16 hours \citep{kan08} for radial
velocity follow-up. Our motivation was to confirm either a brown dwarf
or a low-mass stellar companion. No confirmed transiting brown dwarf
around relatively bright stars ($V< 12$) has been discovered yet,
although the planet XO-3b \citep{joh08} may be massive enough for
deuterium burning. Transiting low-mass stars are also interesting in
their own right since an estimate of both mass and radii helps to
constrain the equation of state used in current models
\citep[e.g.,][]{cha00}. In this paper we present our radial velocity
and photometric observations for one of our candidates, TYC
2534-698-1, which has a Tycho $V$ magnitude of 10.8. For this object
the SuperWASP data shows a transit depth of 17.9 millimags and a
periodicity of $\sim 2.67$ days. We find no radial velocity
variability at this period, but our radial velocities show the
existence of a 0.037 $M_\odot$ low-mass companion (minimum mass) at a
103.69 day orbit.

\section{Observations}

In this section we discuss the acquisition of the radial velocity and
photometric data.

\subsection{Radial Velocity}

Radial velocity observation of TYC 2534-698-1 were obtained using the
High Resolution Spectrograph \citep[HRS,][]{tul98} on the Hobby-Eberly
Telescope (HET) in queue scheduled mode. The observations used a 2
arcsecond fiber, resulting in a spectral resolution of
$R = 60,000$. Thirteen observations were acquired with the HRS with an
iodine cell placed in the stellar beam path. One stellar template
exposure was acquired without the iodine cell in order to facilitate
the extraction of precise radial velocities from the combined star and
iodine spectra. On sky integration time ranged from 10--15 minutes.
The queue scheduled nature of the HET allows great flexibility in the
observations. The observations were placed on hold many times while
the data were reduced in order to determine the best period. This made
it possible to request observations that would be most useful in
constraining the period of the companion. Our initial cadence was
designed to detect the signature of the claimed SuperWASP periodicity
of $P \sim 2.67$ days. The high-resolution spectroscopic data obtained
with the iodine cell were reduced by the method described in
\citet{coc04} using the stellar template and high-resolution iodine
spectrum to simultaneously model instrumental and doppler velocity
shifts as well as variations in the point-spread function of the
spectrograph. This technique allows the instrument drift to be
calibrated out, and radial velocity precision of better than 2--3
ms$^{-1}$ has been demonstrated on bright stars. Good velocity
precision can only be obtained in the spectral region where iodine has
sharp absorption lines, and therefore only the 5000--6200\AA\ region
is used to derive velocities. Table \ref{tbl:vels} lists the radial
velocities obtained for TYC 2534-698-1. The dominant source of
velocity error is the photon noise limited radial velocity
uncertainty, mainly due to the target being faint and the exposure
time being short. The error bars stated are determined from the the
scatter in the velocities obtained from 2\AA\ chunks of the spectrum.

The radial velocities are not consistent with the expected period from
the SuperWASP data, but show the presence of a longer period
companion. We discuss the fits to the radial velocity data in \S
\ref{sec:rvmodel}.

\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
    \caption{HET Radial Velocities for TYC 2534-698-1}
    \label{tbl:vels}
    \begin{tabular}{@{}ccc}
      \hline
      Julian Date & Velocity (ms$^{-1}$) & Velocity Error (ms$^{-1}$) \\
      \hline
      2454515.809038 & -2449.63 & 29.33 \\
      2454516.802895 & -2381.23 & 21.02 \\
      2454518.789397 & -1955.85 & 21.47 \\
      2454523.797391 &  -705.29 & 22.06 \\
      2454550.939348 &   227.73 & 22.87 \\
      2454551.938358 &   185.48 & 23.33 \\
      2454552.929063 &   149.75 & 23.74 \\
      2454553.707716 &   133.50 & 23.35 \\
      2454554.699371 &    99.05 & 21.60 \\
      2454562.909758 &  -271.73 & 24.55 \\
      2454575.875428 &  -853.48 & 23.58 \\
      2454611.773732 & -2958.58 & 25.17 \\
      2454627.726562 &  -663.11 & 28.62 \\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
\end{table}

\subsection{Photometry}
\label{sec:phot}

Our target was monitored photometrically for over 30 days with three
separate telescopes. The objectives of these observations were
twofold: firstly to provide confirmation of the transit of the
low-mass companion, and secondly to determine the photometric
stablility of the target. The telescopes used were an automated
14-inch imaging telescope mounted at Dyer Observatory, Tennessee, a
16-inch telescope located at Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) in
California, and the Tenagra II automated 32-inch telescope located in
Arizona.

As radial velocity data were obtained, the predicted time of transit
was calculated based on the current best fit to the data (see \S
\ref{sec:ephem}). Since the best-fit orbital period shifted
substantially from the original SuperWASP period, the time of
predicted transit changed several times over the course of the HET
observations. As such, photometry was obtained over a series of nights
as the model parameters for the orbit were updated.

Shown in Figure \ref{phot_dyer} are the photometric measurements
obtained using the Dyer Observatory 14-inch telescope coupled to an
SBIG ST-1001E CCD camera. The top panel presents the photometry
acquired over the course of $\sim 30$ days, and the bottom panel
presents the photometry from a single night. The relative magnitudes
were produced by comparing the brightness of TYC 2534-698-1 to the
mean brightness of 6 constant stars in the same field. The star
appears to be quite stable, with a standard deviation of 6.2
millimags. No evidence of a transit was detected in this dataset.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[angle=270,width=8.2cm]{f1.eps}
  \caption{Photometry of TYC 2534-698-1 obtained using an automated
    14-inch imaging telescope at Dyer Observatory.}
  \label{phot_dyer}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[angle=270,width=8.2cm]{f2.eps}
  \caption{Photometry of TYC 2534-698-1 obtained using a 16-inch
    telescope mounted at Las Cumbres Observatory.}
  \label{phot_lco}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{phot_lco} shows the photometry obtained with the LCO
16-inch telescope covering $\sim 10$ days. Once again, the star is
very stable on the dates observed, with a standard deviation of 5.7
millimags. No transit signature was detected on any of the nights
observed.

Figure \ref{phot_ten} presents the photometry from the Tenagra II
telescope, covering a period of $\sim 6$ days shown in the top panel,
and from a single night shown in the bottom panel. The relative
magnitudes were computed using a single comparison star due to the
limited field-of-view. These data also do not detect any transit
event, but confirm the photometrically stable nature of the star. In
this case, the standard deviation is 7.9 millimags, with residual
airmass effects slightly increasing the nightly scatter.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[angle=270,width=8.2cm]{f3.eps}
  \caption{Photometry of TYC 2534-698-1 obtained using the Tenagra II
    32 inch telescope.}
  \label{phot_ten}
\end{figure}

\section{Data Analysis}

In this section we present the results of analysing the spectra,
radial velocity and photometric data, deriving the stellar parameters,
best-fit orbital solution, mass, and transit ephemeris.

\subsection{Stellar Parameters \& Mass Estimate}

While TYC 2534-698-1 has no Hipparcos parallax estimate, it does have
TYCHO-2 photometry ($B_T, V_T$) as well as 2MASS photometry ($J$, $H$,
$K$). TYCHO-2 photometry is known to degrade beyond $V_T > 11.0$, but
our target is bright enough that the photometric errors are not too
large. Table \ref{tab:photometry} lists the photometric magnitudes and
associated errors in the 5 different filters considered. To derive an
approximate stellar temperature ($T_{\rm eff}$) we fit a series of
synthetic SEDs to the photometric data using the CHORIZOS code
\citep{mai04}. This yields a best-fit temperature of 5700 K.

A more precise estimation of the spectral parameters was then
performed using the stellar template obtained as part of the radial
velocity observing program. The template was taken without the iodine
cell in the beam path and allows the use of the entire spectral range
covered by the HRS. We use the latest MARCS model atmospheres
\citep{gus08} for the analysis. Generation of synthetic spectra and
the line analysis were performed using the turbospectrum code
\citep{alv98}, which employs line broadening according to the
prescription of \citet{bar98}. The line lists used are drawn from a
variety of sources. Updated atomic lines are taken mainly from the
VALD database \citep{kup99}. The molecular species CH, CN, OH, CaH and
TiO are provided by B. Plez \citep[see][]{ple05}, while the NH, MgH
and ${\bf\rm C_2}$ molecules are from the Kurucz
linelists\footnote{http://kurucz.harvard.edu/LINELISTS/LINESMOL/}.
The solar abundances used here are the same as \citet{asp05}. We use
FeI excitation equilbrium and derived an effective temperature $T_{\rm
  eff} = 5700\pm80$K which is consistent with the effective
temperature derived from photometry. We also fit the H$\alpha$ and
H$\beta$ line wings, and derived $T_{\rm eff} = 5700\pm 100$K, which
is also consistent with the $T_{\rm eff}$ derived from photometry and
SED. We also find \logg = $4.5 \pm 0.1$, based on ionization
equilibrium of FeI and FeII lines and by fitting the wings of the Mgb
lines. A microturbulence value \mic= 1.6\kms is derived by forcing
weak and strong FeI lines to give the same abundances. We only used
the FeI lines weaker the 120m\AA\ in the analysis. These parameters
are consistent with a G2V spectral type with a relatively low
metallicity. To estimate the mass of the star we used Padova
isochrones for metallicities of $Z = 0.008, 0.019, 0.030$ and ages
between 1.778 and 7.943 Gyrs. Taking into account the uncertainities
in \teff and \logg, from these isochrones we derive a mass estimate of
$0.998 \pm 0.040 M_{\odot}$. Figure \ref{fig:stellarmodel} shows the
observed high-resolution spectrum, as well as the best-fit model, for
wavelength regions centered on H$\alpha$, H$\beta$, and Mg~b. Table
\ref{tab:stellarparams} lists the derived stellar parameters.

\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
    \caption{TYCHO-2 \& 2MASS Photometry for TYC 2534-698-1}
    \label{tab:photometry}
    \begin{tabular}{@{}lll}
      \hline
      Filter & Magnitude & Source \\
      \hline
      $B_T$ & $11.567\pm0.061$ & TYCHO-2 \\
      $V_T$ & $10.779\pm0.051$ & TYCHO-2 \\
      $J$ & $9.501\pm0.021$  & 2MASS \\
      $H$ & $9.226\pm0.022$  & 2MASS \\
      $K$ & $9.127\pm0.019$  & 2MASS \\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[angle=0,width=3.5in]{f4.eps}
    \caption{Continuum normalized plot of the high-resolution spectrum
      obtained with the HRS instrument. Wavelength regions shown are
      centered on H$\alpha$, H$\beta$, and Mg b. The best-fit stellar
      model (see Table \ref{tab:stellarparams}) is plotted as a solid
      line.}
    \label{fig:stellarmodel}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
    \caption{Stellar Parameters}
    \label{tab:stellarparams}
    \begin{tabular}{@{}lc}
      \hline
      Parameter & Value \\
      \hline
      \teff     & $5700 \pm 80$K \\
      \logg     & $4.5 \pm 0.1$ \\
      \mic      & $1.6$ km s$^{-1}$ \\
      $M_\star$ & $0.998 \pm 0.040 M_{\odot}$ \\
      $[Fe/H]$  & $-0.25 \pm 0.06$\\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
\end{table}

\subsection{Model Fitting}
\label{sec:rvmodel}

The radial velocity data were fit using the iterative grid-search
approach described by \citet{kan07}. Fortunately, the allocated HET
time allowed us to obtain complete phase coverage of the orbit, thus
removing ambiguity at longer periods. As more measurements were
obtained, the eccentric nature of the orbit quickly became clear,
which necessitated even greater phase coverage in order to constrain
the shape of the radial velocity variation.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{c}
      \includegraphics[angle=270,width=8.2cm]{f5a.eps} \\
      \includegraphics[angle=270,width=8.2cm]{f5b.eps}
    \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Radial velocity measurements of TYC 2534-698-1 along with
    the best-fit orbital solution (solid line). Error bars are shown
    but are small compared with the radial velocity amplitude in this
    case. The lower panel shows the residuals of the fit, observed
    minus calculated ($O - C$).}
  \label{fig:rvmodel}
\end{figure}

Shown in Figure \ref{fig:rvmodel} are the complete set of radial
velocity measurements obtained at the HET as part of this
program. Over-plotted is a solid line which indicates the best-fit
orbital model to the data, with a reduced $\chi^2$ of 1.658. The lower
panel shows the residuals from fitting the data with this model. The
orbital parameters that provide the best-fit solution are shown in
Table \ref{tab:rvmodel}. The higher than expected eccentricity caused
us to extend observations of this target until we were about to
observe the turn-around, which occurred at around JD 2454613. Using
simulated data points, we calculated the optimal times of observations
for the final few measurements which would yield the greatest
constraints on the orbital period.

\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
    \caption{The best-fit orbital parameters, including period $P$,
      systemic velocity $V_0$, semi-amplitude $K$, argument of
      periastron $\omega$, eccentricity $e$, and time at periastron
      $t_0$.}
    \label{tab:rvmodel}
    \begin{tabular}{@{}lc}
      \hline
      Parameter & Value \\
      \hline
      $P$      & $103.698 \pm 0.111$ days\\
      $V_0$    & $-995.12 \pm 18.03 \ \mathrm{m \ s^{-1}}$\\
      $K$      & $1748.14 \pm 27.48 \ \mathrm{m \ s^{-1}}$ \\
      $\omega$ & $4.377 \pm 0.013$ rad\\
      $e$      & $0.385 \pm 0.011$ \\
      $t_0$    & JD $2454519.389 \pm 0.137$ \\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
\end{table}

Given the phase coverage and eccentricity for this system, it is
important to determine the reliability of the fitted parameters. By
producing $\chi^2$ maps of parameter space, one can see where the
local and global minima lie in relation to the fit values for those
parameters. This is achieved by varying one parameter and holding all
of the others fixed. Figure \ref{chi2maps} shows the $\chi^2$ maps for
the period, semi-amplitude, eccentricity, and argument of periastron.
The phase coverage of the orbit produces significant global minima
which match the best-fit values shown in Table \ref{tab:rvmodel}. The
acquistion of the last two radial velocity measurements in particular
allowed us to constrain the value of the period.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{cc}
      \includegraphics[angle=270,width=4.0cm]{f6a.eps} &
      \includegraphics[angle=270,width=4.0cm]{f6b.eps} \\
      \includegraphics[angle=270,width=4.0cm]{f6c.eps} &
      \includegraphics[angle=270,width=4.0cm]{f6d.eps} \\
    \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
  \caption{$\chi^2$ maps of parameter space showing the locations of
    the local and global minima for the period, semi-amplitude,
    eccentricity, and argument of periastron.}
  \label{chi2maps}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Companion Inclination and Mass Estimate}

The mass function can be related to the observed period, eccentricity,
and radial velocity semi-amplitude as:
\begin{equation}
  \frac{(m \sin{i})^3}{(M_\star+m)^2} =
  \frac{P(1-e^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}K^3}{2\pi G}
  \label{eqn:massfunction}
\end{equation}
where $M_\star$ is the mass of the primary and $m$ the mass of the
secondary. Without having observed the transit we cannot constrain
$\sin{i}$ directly, leading to the degeneracy of the companion mass
with assumed inclination angle. Using the derived stellar mass ($0.998
\pm 0.040 M_{\odot}$) for the primary with the orbital parameters
determined from the radial velocity model (Table \ref{tab:rvmodel}) we
determine that the minimum mass of the companion for an edge-on orbit
($\sin{i} = 1$) is $0.0373 \pm 0.011 M_{\odot}$. Using an upper-mass
limit of $0.08 M_\odot$ for a brown dwarf, Equation
\ref{eqn:massfunction} predicts that a companion of this mass would
have an orbital inclination of $i=28.5^{\circ}$ to reproduce the
radial velocity curve observed.

For a chance orientation of the orbital inclination, the probability
that the inclination angle $i$ is less than an angle $\theta$ is given
by
\begin{equation}
  p(i<\theta) = 1 - \cos{\theta}
\end{equation}
The probability of the companion having an inclination less than
$28.5^{\circ}$, and therefore being more massive than a brown dwarf,
is only 12.1\%. Figure \ref{fig:exclusion_regions} shows the range of
possible masses for the companion as a function of the inclination
angle. Masses of the companion close to that of the primary (for very
low inclination angles) are excluded based on the absence of any
secondary spectra in echelle data. However, the constraint is rather
weak since the S/N of the spectra itself is not very high, making it
difficult to exclude fainter M star companions.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[angle=0,width=8.2cm]{f7.eps}
  \caption{This figure shows the mass of the companion for different
    values of the inclination angle ($i$). The mass of the companion
    falls in the brown dwarf regime for all inclination angles larger
    than 28.5 degrees.}
  \label{fig:exclusion_regions}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Transit Ephemeris}
\label{sec:ephem}

The possible transit of the stellar companion motivated a considerable
amount of the photometric campaign that was undertaken (see \S
\ref{sec:phot}). As the knowledge regarding the orbital parametrs
evolved, new transit ephemerides were calculated and transit windows
were communicated to the observers. The time of predicted transit
based upon the complete orbital solution is shown in Figure
\ref{fig:ephemeris}. The solid vertical lines correspond to nights on
which photometric data was acquired. Unfortunately, the final radial
velocity measurements obtained shifted the transit window such that
photometry was not obtained on the night of predicted transit. In
addition, the final orbital solution was checked with the original
SuperWASP observations and did not match any of the observed
transits. Although 6 transits were observed by SuperWASP, they were
only observed in one camera and were not detected by the other cameras
looking at the same field. The photometry presented in \S
\ref{sec:phot} is more than adequate, both in coverage and precision,
to detect the SuperWASP transit if it is real. Thus the SuperWASP
detection is likely to be spurious in nature.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[angle=270,width=8.2cm]{f8.eps}
  \caption{Predicted transit time for the stellar companion. The
    vertical solid lines indicate the dates of photometric coverage of
    the target relative to the transit window.}
  \label{fig:ephemeris}
\end{figure}

The orbital orientation of this system is such that the periastron
location is behind the star. As such, the probability of a transit
occurring is 0.89\%, but the probability of a secondary eclipse is
1.89\%. These are small odds indeed, but the possibility of
constraining the inclination and therefore the mass of the companion
make this a compelling target to study further. The duration of a
planetary transit for a circular orbit is generally given by
\begin{equation}
  t_{\mathrm{circ}} = \frac{P}{\pi} \arcsin \left(
  \frac{\sqrt{(R_p+R_\star)^2 - (a \cos i)^2}}{a} \right)
  \label{tran_dur1}
\end{equation}
where $R_p$ and $R_\star$ are the radii of the planet and parent star
respectively. For our target, and assuming a companion radius of 1
Jupiter radius, this amounts to a 9.38 hour duration. However, the
eccentricity of the companion changes this duration significantly.
Using the transit duration scaling factor for eccentric orbits
provided by \citet{bur08},
\begin{equation}
  \frac{t_{\mathrm{ecc}}}{t_{\mathrm{circ}}} = \frac{\sqrt{(1 -
      e^2)}}{(1 + e \cos (\omega - \pi/2))}
  \label{tran_dur2}
\end{equation}
we compute a transit duration of 13.61 hours and a secondary eclipse
duration of 6.35 hours. If we assume a radius of 1 Jupiter radius, the
predicted transit depth is 1\%. If we assume a radius of 2 Jupiter
radii, the predicted transit depth becomes 4.2\%. Following up the
target at the predicted transit times is therefore a feasible task
with high scientific yield.

\section{Discussion}

Based on random inclinations the probability of the companion being a
brown-dwarf is high. However, given that low-mass stars in binary
systems are more frequent than brown dwarfs at these separations, it
is necessary to constrain the mass of the companion and exclude the
possibility that it may be a low-mass star. In this section we explore
the various techniques possible to accomplish this and their relevance
and applicability for TYC 2534-698-1

{\it Astrometric Orbit:} Using the orbital parameters, we can estimate
the astrometric perturbation expected for different values of the
companion mass. The orbital parameters yield a semi-major axis of
$0.4417$ AU for the orbit and the best fit spectroscopic stellar model
indicates that the absolute magnitude $M_V$ is 4.77, yielding an
approximate distance estimate of $\sim 155$ parsecs. For the case of
the minimum mass companion, the astrometric perturbation is only 100
$\mu$ arcseconds, and is 220 $\mu$ arcseconds if the companion were
0.08 $M_\odot$. The small semi-major axis coupled with large distance
to the star makes astrometric detection difficult. The Hubble Space
Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors are capable of sub milli-arcsecond
astrometry, but a 1 milli-arcsecond signature only appears when the
companion mass exceeds 0.36 $M_\odot$. Constraining the astrometric
signature to demonstrate that the object is indeed a brown dwarf will
require the astrometric accuracy of planned instruments like Space
Interferometry Mission (SIM).

{\it Transit \& Secondary Eclipse:} The detection of a transit would
constrain the inclination of the companion orbit and unambiguously
confirm its mass to be in the brown dwarf regime. The long period
eccentric orbit however leads to a low probability of only $\sim
0.9$\% for the transit. The predicted transit duration of 13.6 hours
is also too long for the transit to be observed with most available
telescopes. Longer period transits are also more difficult to detect
from the ground due to correlated red-noise and other systematics. The
observed eccentricity and orientation of the orbit makes the detection
of a secondary eclipse more likely than that of a transit. The
probability of this is $\sim 1.9$\% which, while still small, is a
factor of 2 larger than the probability of a primary transit. The
secondary eclipse, if present, would be easier to detect with Spitzer
than similar transits of planets due to the self-luminous nature of
the brown dwarf candidate.

{\it Constraints from Radial Velocity:} High precision radial velocity
observations can themselves be used to exclude certain mass ranges of
the companion. If an iodine cell were used then the presence of a
brown dwarf companion spectra would manifest itself as increased noise
in the radial velocity data when the different spectral chunks are
being compared. Such a technique has been used by \citet{kur08} to
detect a probable brown dwarf around GJ~1046. Meaningful contraints
with this technique however require very high-precision velocities at
2--3 ms$^{-1}$. Even with such a precision it is not possible to
distinguish between a brown dwarf and a very low-mass star. The
primary is also relatively faint, making the acquisition of precision
radial velocities very time consuming.

{\it Interferometric Observations:} The projected maximum separation
of the companion from the primary is only $\sim 2$ mas, making any
direct detection difficult. The projected separation is smaller than
the 5 mas resolution (at 2.2 $\mu$m) of even the 85m Keck
interferometer baseline, and the contrast requirements too high unless
the companion were an early M dwarf at a high inclination.

\section{Conclusions}

We have reported the discovery of a low mass candidate around TYC
2534-698-1. Confirmation of a mass less than $0.08 M_\odot$, or the
detection of a transit, would make this one of the very few known
brown dwarfs in the 'desert'. While the detection of a transit is a
low probability, such a detection would make this the only bright
transiting brown dwarf. The long transit timescale, while
disadvantageous for the detection, is actually a tremendous advantage
for transmission spectroscopy (if a transit is detected) to probe the
atmosphere of the candidate \citep{red08}. In the event that transits
do not occur, tighter limits on the mass of the companion will have to
await future missions such as SIM, which can easily detect the small
predicted amplitude of the astrometric signal.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

The authors would like to thank Leslie Hebb for several useful
discussions, the HET staff astronomers for performing the
observations, and Bertrand Plez for providing the new version of the
turbospectrum code which uses the latest MARCS models. We would also
like to thank University of Texas at Austin for awarding Director's
Discretionary Time which allowed us to obtain complete phase coverage
of the target. The HET is a joint project of the University of Texas
at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, and
Georg-August-Universit\"at G\"ottingen. The HET is named in honor of
its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: download streets from different address in OSMNX i would like to download different streets in osmnx, using a list but i can't find the error in my code.
i tried this way

name_list = ['Kuwait, United Arab Emirates','Guangzhou, China']

i=0
for file_path in name_list:
    print(i)
    CD = file_path
    filtro_vialidades = '["highway"~"trunk|motorwat|primary|secondary|tertiary|residential"]'
    GCD=ox.graph_from_address(CD, network_type= "drive",
                              custom_filter= filtro_vialidades)
    ox.save_graphml(GCD, f"{name_list[i]}.graphml", gephi= False)
    i+=1

#I had this error

EmptyOverpassResponse: There are no data elements in the response JSON

A: It looks like it cannot find anything for one of your queries, probably because "Kuwait, United Arab Emirates" does not exist. These are two separate countries.

A: Kuwait is a country not a city.  You can add appropriate error handling code:
import osmnx as ox
from osmnx._errors import EmptyOverpassResponse

name_list = ['Kuwait, United Arab Emirates','Guangzhou, China']

for i, file_path in enumerate(name_list):
    print(i)
    CD = file_path
    filtro_vialidades = '["highway"~"trunk|motorwat|primary|secondary|tertiary|residential"]'
    try:
        GCD=ox.graph_from_address(CD, network_type= "drive",
                                  custom_filter= filtro_vialidades)
        ox.save_graphml(GCD, f"{name_list[i]}.graphml", gephi= False)
    except EmptyOverpassResponse:
        print(f"no results: {file_path}")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Douglas Mills (American Idol) Height, Weight, Age, Affairs, Biography & More
Douglas Mills (American Idol) Height, Weight, Date of Birth, Age, Wiki, Biography, Girlfriend and More
Douglas Mills is an American vocalist who participated in Season 20 of American Idol. The show judged by Katy Perry, Luke Bryan and Lionel Richie. He is originally from Houston, Texas.
Douglas Mills was born in Houston, Texas. He is a senior at Kinder High School for Performing and Visual Arts. He was given a silver American Idol ticket, and also a chance to audition for some of the top producers of the show. Douglas had been told that he was leading a tour for the news crew to record video of his school which was actually the audition.
Real Name Douglas Mills
Profession Singer and Songwriter
Age Not Known
Birth Place Houston, Texas
Home Town Houston, Texas
Family Mother : Not Available
Father : Not Available
Brother : Not Available
Wife : Not Available
Address Houston, Texas
School Kinder High School for Performing and Visual Arts
Educational Qualification Pursuing Studies
Debut Television : American Idol (2022)
Height In Feet : 5′ 10″ ft
In Meter : 1.73 m
Body Shape Chest: 40 inches
Biceps: 12 inches
Hobbies Singing
Some Facts About Douglas Mills
Douglas Mills was born and raised in Houston, Texas.
Douglas has a longer leg and had a halo on it for almost 9 months. He underwent multiple surgeries throughout high school and was on wheelchair for 8 months.
He is among the top contestants of season 20th of ABC's singing reality show American Idol.
He is highly appreciated by his music teachers for his hard work, talent and dedication.
His music sample on Instagram is a cover of Colourblind, his performance at school as ninth-grader.
If you have more details about Douglas Mills. Please comment below we will updated within a hour.
Categories Musician
Udaariyaan (Colors TV) Serial Cast, Timings, Story, Real Name, Wiki & More
Nilu Kohli (Actress) Height, Weight, Age, Affairs, Biography & More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Abrams says Star Wars: Episode VIII script is so good he wishes he was making it!
That's really encouraging! A Star Wars film tends to burn people out and they need a chance to recharge their batteries for a while. Irvin Kirshner often said he didn't want to give up another three years of his life to Star Wars but after seeing Return of the Jedi, he probably should have. As it stands now, Abrams is saying this next one sounds so good he wishes he had done it. That's great news.
Grunberg who plays Snap Wexley says he filmed a lot of reaction shots for Star Wars: The Force Awakens but refused to say the line "I've been hit!" Snap lives!


According to acclaimed director Tim Burton, the chances of a "Beetlejuice 2" movie coming out anytime soon are slim. Burton recently sat down in an interview with USA Today where he revealed the chance of the movie coming to fruition, even after it was previously announced seven years ago.
Currently, Mr. Burton is promoting his newest film, Dumbo, which reunited him with the original Beetlejuice star, Michael Keaton, for the first time since they worked together in the 1989 flick, Batman.
When he was probed on the topic, USA today claims he didn't appear very enthusiastic at the idea of the movie's creation. "I don't know, I doubt it," Mr. Burton explained, before going on to wave away any other questions regarding the matter.
In a statement from Warner Brothers, the spokesperson, Candice McDonough said, officially, that the movie wasn't in "active development," despite reports from seven years ago.
In the past, Michael Keaton and Winona Ryder indicated they were interested in starring in a sequel to the movie, along as Tim Burton was the one to direct the project. When Winona appeared on Late Night With Seth Meyers in 2015, Ryder said she would be in the sequel if asked.
Burton added he would do the film as well, as long as it were "under the right circumstances." Originally, Burton wanted to create a sequel to the movie which would see Beetlejuice go to Hawaii. However, due to the Batman movie which came exactly one year later, Burton and Keaton forgot about it.
Despite the fact the sequel never came about, an animated series was created in its honor. It was executive produced by Mr. Burton, and it ran for approximately four seasons on ABC and Fox. Moreover, there's also a documentary coming out about Beetlejuice's creation.
Some fans online have suggested for filmmakers to simply leave the franchise alone, considering the first one was serendipitous, and the chance of capturing such magic again is unlikely.


text:
Chantix Made Him Do It!
Charles L. Brinker, 49, of Allentown, Pennsylvania, was sentenced to 18 months probation, 15 hours of community service, and fined $500, after an argument with his wife.
Although every American husband, has a right to get annoyed with his wife, Brinker went postal and was arrested.
The Chantix Defense
Charles Brinker was arrested, after he drove a Bobcat Loader (shown) into the rear patio of his house, and repeatedly rammed a structural support. Basically, he tried to knock his house down.
Brinker told Judge F.P. Kimberly McFadden that Chantix made him do it. Brinker testified:
"I was on Chantix to quit smoking, and I believe that had a lot to do with it. I'm not a doctor, but I believe it had a lot to do with it."
I believe him, after my experience with Chantix, which is the worst drug I ever tried.
Three cheers for Brinker's attorney, Leonard Mellon, who kept his client out of jail.
I was also pleased to learn that Brinker has reconciled with his wife, and she attended his sentencing.
Charles L. Brinker, and I not the only ones who have been adversely affected by Chantix, or Varenicline. On January 18, 2008, Pfizer, who manufactures these awful pills, added a warning to Chantix labels. Pfizer said:
"Based upon post-marketing reports first reflected in a November 2007 labeling update, Pfizer today updated the CHANTIX label in the U.S. to include a warning that patients who are attempting to quit smoking with CHANTIX should be observed for serious neuropsychiatric symptoms, including changes in behavior, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior."
Unfortunately, Americans should not expect any voluntary action by them, because they also said:
It has been prescribed to more than 4 million patients in the United States
That figure was calculated, 18 months after Chantix was approved by FDA on May 10, 2006.
Please Stop Selling Chantix!
Pfizer also said:
"Advise patients and caregivers that the patient should stop taking CHANTIX and contact a health care provider immediately if agitation, depressed mood, or changes in behavior that are not typical for the patient are observed, or if the patient develops suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior."
Was Charles Brinker supposed to realize that he was agitated, while he was trying to destroy his home?
Was his wife warned? Was he provided with a support network to monitor his behavior? I hope Attorney Leonard Mellon initiates an action against the person who prescribed Chantix to his client.
Quit Smoking or and Die!
On January 15, 2009, The Institute For Safe Medical Practices, (ISMP) which describes itself as "A Nonprofit Organization Educating the Healthcare Community and Consumers About Safe Medical Practices" said:
"The discovery of hundreds of possible cases of serious psychiatric side effects of montelukast (Singulair) 10 years after its original approval–combined with reports of psychiatric ADEs with varenicline (Chantix) –suggest that current clinical testing standards may be inadequate to detect psychiatric side effects prior to FDA approval of drugs. In both cases, modest public notices issued by the FDA triggered an outpouring of ADE reports, once patients and doctors started to make the connection between the symptoms and the drug. This also underscores the extent to which injuries associated with drug therapy are underreported or unidentified.
The belated associations of potential psychiatric side effects with montelukast and varenicline are not isolated cases. The evidence mounts that the current system of drug testing and surveillance is doing a poor job in detecting psychiatric side effects. Just last month, the FDA required a warning about suicidal thoughts and action for 11 different drugs for epilepsy– some in clinical use for decades. In the case of newer antidepressants, prominent psychiatrists first linked these drugs to suicidal thoughts and behaviors in 1990; it was not until 2004 that the first warnings on these products began to appear. Consistent use of psychiatric symptom checklists in clinical studies for drug approval is one possible improvement. We believe this problem deserves systematic study to identify other necessary measures."
Two weeks later…
ISMP issued a Medical Safety Alert reporting:
"For a second quarter, varenicline (CHANTIX) accounted for more reported injuries than any other drug"
When Will It End?
When someone more powerful than Charles L. Brinker, sues the pants off Pfizer for selling Chantix!
Leonard Mellon, Pfizer, Selling Chantix, Smoking, Varenicline
< How To Ask Bear Grylls A Question Brafman Deals, Rosenhaus Bluffs, Goodell Calls, Burress Waits >


text:
Q: BrowserSession.LoginComplete event not working even after successful login on Facebook through SDK When I log in to Facebook through the Browsersession.Login() it works fine, but
BrowserSession.LoginComplete event isn't working during this Period.
Can anybody suggest why this thing is happening in my project?

A: *

*Please check your connect URL in your Facebook application.
If you are working on localhost then it should be:  http://localhost:[port#]

*Check your fblogin.js file where your xd_receiver.htm path should be correct
(check this: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/oldjavascript/FB.Facebook.init/)

Also check:

*

*Check that you are using right API Key for browser session

*In fblogin.js silverlightPluginId is correct.
Example below:
SLHostPage:

    <object id="_sl_facebookapp" data="data:application/x-silverlight-2," type="application/x-silverlight-2"
        width="100%" height="100%">
        <param name="source" value="ClientBin/SilverlightFacebookApp.xap" />
        <param name="onError" value="onSilverlightError" />
        <param name="background" value="white" />
        <param name="minRuntimeVersion" value="3.0.40624.0" />
        <param name="autoUpgrade" value="true" />

    </object>

fblogin.js:
// Verify this variable matches the Silverlight plugin ID
var silverlightPluginId = '_sl_facebookapp';

*Check your SL app that you implemented the event handler
_browserSession.LoginCompleted += browserSession_LoginCompleted;
    private void browserSession_LoginCompleted(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        _facebookAPI = new Api(_browserSession);
    }

See : http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/silverlightnet/thread/d14b0ac5-4539-4cae-ba9e-4020e488d458


text:
Q: concatenate video files using ffmpeg - garbled images but audio okay I am trying to concatenate video files so that next one follows the one before it when it is played. The formatting for all of the files are the same. The files all have audio & video.
I think I am very close (hopefully!) to getting this to work, but I have one final problem. The command below takes all of the mp4 files in my folder and creates a big mp4 file, which is the right size in total MB, but the images for all videos after the first video are garbled. The audio is okay (continues just fine from video to video). Also, I don't get any error messages.
ffmpeg -f concat -i <(for f in /folder1/*.mp4; do echo "file '$f'"; done) -c copy /folder1/all.mp4

I'm not very familiar with ffmpeg yet, so I've just been trying the different suggestions I've found on the web. Can anyone suggest other things for me to try? (I've tried reading the FAQs, but I have to confess that I don't fully understand it. Also, there seems to be some posts about audio being missing after concatenation, but I haven't seen anything on images being garbled.) Thx in advance!

A: I have had good luck using this ... avconv is a fork of ffmpeg
avconv -i 1.mp4 1.mpeg
avconv -i 2.mp4 2.mpeg
avconv -i 3.mp4 3.mpeg
cat 1.mpeg 2.mpeg 3.mpeg | avconv -f mpeg -i - -vcodec mpeg4 -strict experimental output.mp4


text:
The Method of No-Method
By Peter Bolland, October 2018
All over the internet you'll find articles on creativity, productivity, and how to build success in 10 easy steps. Everyone's trying to describe the mysterious path from inception to fruition. In the chaos of conflicting advice it's hard to find a clear way forward. Instead of reading yet another life coach blog, let's look at an ancient Chinese source, Zhuangzi.
Zhuangzi (370-287 B.C.E.) was the best of the Daoist writers and philosophers. Coming a few hundred years after Laozi, he far exceeded his predecessor's reach in terms of sheer literary power. Laozi's beloved Daodejing is still the starting point in any study of Daoism. But when you're really ready to have your mind blown, pick up Zhuangzi.
At issue is this: what is the best approach to accomplishing any task? Aggressive forcefulness? Aloof indifference? Something in between? Zhuangzi has an answer. And he presents it in a story. It is the story of a cook who worked for Prince Wen Hui. In Thomas Merton's translation, it goes like this.
Prince Wen Hui's cook was cutting up an ox. Out went a hand, down went a shoulder, he planted a foot, he pressed with a knee, the ox fell apart with a whisper, the bright cleaver murmured like a gentle wind. Rhythm! Timing! Like a sacred dance, like "The Mulberry Grove," like ancient harmonies!
"Good work!" the Prince exclaimed, "Your method is faultless!"
"Method?" said the cook, laying aside his cleaver, "What I follow is Tao beyond all methods.
"When I first began to cut up oxen I would see before me the whole ox all in one mass. After three years I no longer saw this mass. I saw the distinctions.
"But now, I see nothing with the eye. My whole being apprehends. My senses are idle. The spirit free to work without plan follows its own instinct guided by a natural line, by the secret opening, the hidden space, my cleaver finds its own way. I cut through no joint, I chop no bone.
"I have used this same cleaver 19 years. It has cut up a thousand oxen. Its edge is as keen as if newly sharpened.
"There are spaces in the joints; the blade is thin and keen: when this thinness finds that space, there is all the room you need. It goes like a breeze. Hence, I have this cleaver 19 years, as if newly sharpened.
"True, there are sometimes tough joints. I feel them coming, I slow down, I watch closely, hold back, barely move the blade, and whump! The part falls away landing like a clod of earth.
"Then I withdraw the blade. I stand still and let the joy of the work sink in. I clean the blade and put it away."
Prince Wan Hui said, "This is it! My cook has shown me how I ought to live my own life!"
Zhuangzi's allegory is a thick slab of wisdom ready for the grill. Whether you're trying to write a song, navigate a relationship challenge, manage your finances, resolve a workplace conflict, plan your next career move, or cook an omelet, Zhuangzi has laid out the path as only a master teacher can. Let's unpack the components of the parable.
Right off the bat Prince Wen Hui gets it wrong. He mistakes the cook's mastery as the deliberate practice of a specific technique or method. "Your method is faultless!" he says, only to be swiftly rebuked by the cook. "Method?" said the cook. "What I follow is Tao beyond all methods."
At the heart of Daoism is the idea of Dao (Tao), a word that literally means "way" or "path." In Daoism Dao refers to the underlying process by which everything unfolds. All things follow the Dao, the way of nature. Dao is considered the sacred source and the harmony of all things. Unlike God in the west it is not personified or localized in a conscious being. Dao is found within all things, and guides all things to their optimal natural function. The goal of Daosim is to get our interfering egos out of the way and learn to live in accord with the Dao.
Then the cook describes the three stages of mastery, using the example of butchering an ox. In the first stage, his inexperience and lack of discernment make it impossible for him to distinguish one part of the ox from another. It's all a blur.
This is where we all begin in any learning process. It's a ball of confusion. We don't even know what questions to ask. Or how to begin. Think back on how you learned a second language, how to play guitar, or how to cook. You didn't know a verb from a noun, a G from a C, or sauté from sear.
Then, after a lot of hard work and awkward flailing around we reached the second stage. "After three years," said the cook, "I no longer saw this mass. I saw the distinctions." Here the fog begins to lift, and we learn the nouns, verbs, tenses, and contexts. We learn all the notes, scales, and chords. We know the names of all the vegetables, herbs, cuts, prep styles, and cooking techniques.
After years of practice at stage two, something deeper begins to emerge. We go beyond merely knowing all the details. We slip out of our intellect with its endless categories, concepts, and distinctions. We see the whole. We feel our way. Now our wisdom is an embodied wisdom, no longer housed just in the mind, but throughout the mind-body. Here's how the cook said it: "Now, I see nothing with the eye. My whole being apprehends. My senses are idle. The spirit free to work without plan follows its own instinct guided by the natural line, by the secret opening, the hidden space, my cleaver finds its own way."
Now we are following the Dao–the method of no-method.
But as the cook points out, this doesn't solve all of your problems. Things will still go wrong. They always do. But you have a new way of moving through problems. You slow down. You let it be easy. You trust the process. You have faith in yourself. You let the tools do the work. You feel your way toward the openings. No struggle, no strain.
In Daoism this is called wu-wei, or creative letting-be, the art of aligning the energies within you with the energies around you into a singular confluence, with minimal interference from the busy-mind.
In chapter 64 of the Daodejing Zhuangzi's great teacher Laozi wrote, "Rushing into action you fail. Trying to grasp things, you lose them. Forcing a project to completion, you ruin what was almost ripe." Mastery, no matter what the project, and perhaps most especially in the most important project of all–crafting a meaningful life–is a curious confluence of effort and effortlessness, allowance and assertion, intuition and deliberation. The preparatory stages are crucial–they cannot be skipped. But when you are ready, allow yourself to slip into the stream of excellence beyond method–the method of no-method.
Peter Bolland is a teacher, writer, speaker, singer-songwriter, and philosophy professor. Join his mailing list at www.peterbolland.com and follow him on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.


text:
People should be more careful with the enviorment?
Home More advice Environmental Issues
Who else agrees that people should be more careful with the enviorment?
global warming is hoax if you do the research ull soon find out that it really is a hoax. they mentioned this years ago to they can put a carbon tax on people so they can make more money. if you look at the global warming charts ull see that there has been a gradual decrease in earths co2 levels. let me tell you why they did this. one is of course to make more money. they use scare tactics to get people into submission. an example of a scare tactic would be. lets say someone told your parents you were going to die unless you gave them $10,000. your parents would be more than willing to give those $10,000. its the same thing the government does. its the same thing with the drug war, which is a war on its own people. "One of the traditional and obvious ways of controlling people in every society, whether it's a military dictatorship or a democracy, is to frighten them. If people are frightened, they'll be willing to cede authority to their superiors who will protect them...The Drug War is an effort to stimulate fear of danger people from whom we have to protect ourselves. It is also a direct form of control of what are called the 'dangerous classes,' those superfluous people who don't really have a function contributing to profit-making and wealth. They have to be somehow taken care of." -Noam Chomsky (1988) zeitgeistmovement.com
FUNADVICE ENVIRONMENT
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Why is there a stigma about getting therapy for mental health?
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Star Trek Pajamas
Of course! with what we are all doing, it is hard to change all your living habits, but changing some and alerting people about it can save our environment one step at a time. GO GREEN :D
I agree. One day the worlds going to come to an end becasue of peoples miss use of its natural things and then what can you do then?! Nothing, we all die
i is a herpetologist in training and it kills me to see how many interesting and wonderful creatures have disapeared over the years.;~(
agree, but its never going to happen.. to many barbies out here now that need their beauty supplys ; )
I agree. people don't realise how important the environment is for their survival
Environment and many other aspects of their lives
More advice in Environmental Issues
How blizzards affect people?
Do people or animals pollute the Nile?
What are some things you or your community are doing to help the people in Japan?
When do you people think the world will run out of oil ?
Should people be more educated to stop global warming?
Why do people honestly believe we, as humans, can hurt the planet?
Is the Chernobyl area still empty or can people live there now?
Why did the people in Hong Kong stock up on iodized salt when they were afraid of reactions to the nuclear crisis?
why people design products that cannot be recycled
How do people feel about hunting in the southern usa?


Jamal Khashoggi, the privileged grandson of the physician to the 1st King of Saudi Arabia, and nephew of Adnan, the arms dealer and once know as the richest man in the world, a Turk by linage and a Saudi citizen by birth and educated in the US, wanted to set up a base in Turkey and rally the community of exiled Arabs there with the mission of undermining the Key regional influence of Saudi Arabia.
Mr. Khashoggi saw the growing Arabic community and Turkey's emerging power in the region mirroring some aspects of the once powerful Ottoman Empire.
In that Empire, Istanbul was at the center of a rich and multicultural Middle East.
Over the past 20 years millions of Arabs fled their homelands because of wars or oppression, and Turkey became a fertile ground for dissidents with ideas of past grandeur.
Mr. Khashoggi who was exiled from Saudi Arabia in Y 2017 believed that might be able to pursue his own projects from Turkey, including setting up an anti-Kingdom social media network, a pro-democracy group, a media watch group, a forum to translate economic studies and launching online magazines.
He bought a home in Istanbul, Mr. Khashoggi was planning to marry his Turkish fiancee on 3 October just after he got his divorce from a prior marriage confirmed by the Saudi government that fateful day, 2 October.
Saturday, the world learned that he died in a 'fist fight' involving visiting Saudi officials, an account that has drawn widespread skepticism but that US President Trump avows.
Turkish media has declared that a Saudi hit squad traveled to Turkey to kill the sometime contributor to The Washington Post. The paper has called for an investigation led by a US-appointed panel to determine what happened.
Mr. Khashoggi's untimely death sent a clear message to the many exiled Saudi Arabs who have taken refuge in Turkey.
Turkey has welcomed thousands of members of Egypt's outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group since it was declared an international terrorists organization in Y 2013.
Further, Syrian groups opposed to President Bashar Assad have moved to neighboring Turkey, where nearly 3-M Syrians fled to escape the war at home.
In his last interview with the media, Mr. Khashoggi declared his support for Turkey's policy toward Syria, while criticizing Saudi Arabia's stance.
As we have observed, Saudi Arabia has grown closer to President Trump's policy on Syria, openly supporting Kurdish-led forces in eastern Syria that Turkey sees as a threat. Mr. Khashoggi criticized his country's rift with Turkey, arguing that an alliance between the 2 regional powerhouses should come more naturally than a US-Saudi partnership.
Mr. Khashoggi was at one time a Saudi royal family insider, until he grew critical of the Kingdom's crackdown on the opposition, their war on neighboring Yemen and the severing of ties with the small Gulf state of Qatar.
With that public outlook Mr. Khashoggi, in self exile in the US with the WP editorial page as his platform, he was welcomed in Istanbul where President Erdogan and his party opened up to Arabs.
Turkey's President has faced criticism for jailing and executing many dissidents and journalists during a crackdown after an attempted military coup in Y 2016.
Mr. Khashoggi's ancestors lived in central Turkey, the name means spoon maker and its Turkish spelling is "Kasikci." And that is how some in the MSM are calling him.
Mr. Alhaji, the filmmaker, said he was working with Mr. Khashoggi on a documentary on the life of Fakhreddine Pasha, the last Ottoman governor and military commander in al-Medina who defended the city in modern day Saudi Arabia against an Arab revolt during World War I.
The siege signaled the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the birth of new Arab states. Mr. Khashoggi's family was displaced during the fighting and some fled to Izmir, in modern Turkey, including his grand father, some others went to Damascus.
The legacy of Fakhreddine, who fought against the birth of new nation states to preserve Ottoman influence, is a deeply divisive issue between Gulf Arab leaders and Turkey.
Last year, Gulf rulers, critical of Turkish President Erdogan, compared the 2, accusing Fakhreddine of robbing them of their heritage by taking manuscripts out of al-Madina to Istanbul when he left. Ankara, which sided with Qatar, responded by naming the street in Ankara of the Emirati embassy after Fakhreddine.
This frame is seen a turning point for the future of all Arab countries and Middle East, and Mr. Khashoggi's mission was to convey that within their project.
And so it ended on 3 October in a fist fight.
Is The Middle-East Is On The Verge Of A New War?


A retired elementary school principal has become the first patient at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center to receive an investigational cancer therapy for the treatment of his neuroendocrine tumor.
Harold (Cap) Caplan of Hilton Head, South Carolina received the first injection of a drug that delivers a high dose of radiation directly to the cancer cells in his tumor.
The therapy using the radionuclide Lutetium-177 (177Lu) is being tested in a Phase 3 clinical trial. Vanderbilt is the only medical center in a multi-state southern region participating in the trial, which is also being conducted at several centers in the United States and Europe.
Eric Liu, M.D., assistant professor of Surgery and Radiology and Radiological Sciences, is the principal investigator at Vanderbilt for the trial, dubbed NETTER-1.
"This is a very well-known therapy in Europe and until now we have been referring our patients there. One of the places that delivers it is the center where I trained in Uppsala, Sweden," said Liu.
"Most Alzheimer's research is searching for genes that predict the disease, but we're taking a different approach. We're looking for genes that predict who among those with Alzheimer's pathology will actually show clinical symptoms of the disease," said principal investigator Timothy Hohman, Ph.D.
Analyzing a sample of 700 subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, one genetic mutation (rs4728029) was found to relate to both ventricle dilation and cognition and is a marker of neuroinflammation.
"It appears that certain individuals with a genetic predisposition toward a 'bad' neuroinflammatory response have neurodegeneration. But those with a genetic predisposition toward no inflammatory response, or a reduced one, are able to endure the pathology without marked neurodegeneration," he said.
Common psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and addiction, likely result from changes in brain circuitry. Understanding structural and functional brain connections—and how they change in psychiatric disorders—could lead to novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been linked to both anxiety and addiction, but its circuitry in humans has not been described. Jennifer Blackford, Ph.D., assistant professor of Psychiatry, and colleagues used two neuroimaging methods—diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI—to identify patterns of connectivity between the BNST and other brain regions in healthy individuals. The BNST showed connections to multiple subcortical brain regions, including limbic, thalamic and basal ganglia structures, which matched reported connections in rodents. The researchers also identified two novel BNST connections: to the temporal pole and to the paracingulate gyrus.
The findings, reported in NeuroImage, provide a map of BNST neurocircuitry and lay the foundation for future studies of the circuits that mediate anxiety and addiction.


Tony created this successful Montana variant killing pattern in the 1980s. It's success lies in the fact that not only do fish love Montana nymphs but they also slash at adult Damselflies.
Tails : Two teal blue hackle tips.
Body : Rayon blue chenille.
Thorax : Fluorescent blue chenille.
For street cred circa, 1990 onwards, add a goldbead. Longshank.
Currently there are no comments about the Hern's Blue Montana fly pattern from other fly fishermen yet.


Regional Wholesaler & Trust Officer at BPAS, Inc.
Business Systems Analyst at Charles Schwab & Co.
Legal Assistant at Swope, Rodante P.A.
Logistics and Distribution Manager at Checkers Drive In Restaurants, Inc.
Owner, Metz Enterprises Inc./Sales & Finance, Gulf Coast Auto Brokers Inc.
Marketing and Business Developing at JT Vinson Co.
Nichole Gassien, LC, LEED Green Assoc.
Board Certified Behavior Analyst at Positive Behavior Therapy Inc.


text:
Mercedes-Benz News
Mercedes-Benz Will Build Electric Sprinter Vans in Germany
A Mercedes plant in Düsseldorf, Germany, will build an electric version of the Sprinter.
byStephen Edelstein| UPDATED Jul 12, 2017 1:36 PM
Mercedes-Benz will build an electric version of its next-generation Sprinter van at a factory in Germany.
The Düsseldorf factory, which has been building Sprinters since 1995, is gearing up for production of the upcoming electric version, Mercedes said in a press release. It's the latest move by Mercedes to electrify commercial vehicles as well as passenger cars.
Mercedes said it plans to spend around 150 million euros ($171 million) over the next few years to electrify both the Sprinter and the smaller Vito (sold as the Metris in the United States). As part of an upcoming redesign that will incorporate the electric powertrain option, Mercedes will also spend 300 million euros ($343 million) on factory upgrades.
By the time the next-generation Sprinter arrives, Mercedes will likely be building vans in the U.S. at a new plant in South Carolina. But it's unclear whether the electric Sprinter will be built outside of Germany or even sold on this side of the Atlantic.
So far, automakers have mostly added electric powertrains to smaller vans, and none of these are currently sold in the U.S. Nissan only sells the gasoline-powered NV200 here, not the electric e-NV200. Renault, Peugeot, and Citroën sell electric versions of their small vans in Europe. As far as larger models go, Renault and Volkswagen are expected to launch electric versions of their Master and Crafter vans, respectively, but only for Europe.
Mercedes may target its home market at first. It already has a deal with shipping company Hermes Germany to supply 1,500 electric delivery vans. It's an application that admittedly seems well-suited to electric vehicles, since it keeps vans on short, set routes that never take them far from charging stations. People along those routes will probably appreciate the lack of noise and exhaust fumes, too.
Alongside the electric Sprinter, Mercedes is preparing a commercial truck based on the Urban eTruck concept for production, with sales likely limited to Europe. That's in addition to the range of electric passenger cars the automaker plans to launch over the next few years under its new EQ sub-brand.
Car TechElectric VehiclesMercedes-Benz NewsNews by Brand


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Ava DuVernay Accuses Kanye West And R. Kelly Of "Racial Terrorism"
Ava DuVernay is going after Kanye West and R. Kelly's recent comments on race.
(AllHipHop News) Kanye West and R. Kelly have been accused of "evoking racial terrorism" for their own ends by director Ava DuVernay.
West stunned fans and stars on Tuesday by saying 400 years of black slavery "sounds like a choice," while Kelly's representatives responded to Time's Up activists' campaign against him over allegations of sexual misconduct by comparing their calls for label and venue bosses to drop him to an "attempted lynching."
The "Wrinkle In Time" director, who is a member of the Time's Up Women of Color committee that issued a statement condemning the R&B star, slammed the pair for their statements in a pair of furious tweets that criticized them for disrespecting the victims of historical race crimes.
In a follow-up tweet, she added, "Shame on you, @kanyewest + @rkelly. If you want to have a REAL conversation about lynching, get at me. Until then, have some respect and dignity for the dead. The murdered. You've gone beyond embarrassing yourselves. You're both in territory that you don't REALLY want to be in."
DuVernay is among a number of stars and activists who have demanded Kelly be dropped by bosses at Spotify, Apple, his record label and venues he's booked for gigs due to allegations he has coerced young women, including an underage girl, into sexually abusive relationships.
John Legend, a friend of West who sent text messages asking the rapper to reconsider his support for America's controversial president Donald Trump retweeted Ava's comments.
Kanye was also called out by "The Wire" actor Wendell Pierce - who urged him to educate himself on slavery by visiting museums, and memorials dedicated to lynching victims.


text:
Q: Why is two-element null semigroup excluded from the $0$-simple semigroup definition? My question is probably a little bit silly, but still..
The definition of $0$-simple semigroup states, that a semigroup $S$ with zero
is called $0$-simple, if $\{0\}$ and $S$ are it's only ideals and $S^2\neq\{0\}$.
The second requirement excludes the two-element null semigroup from the class of $0$-simple semigroups and I am wondering what is the particual reason to do that? Could it be because there are some properties and statements that hold for every $0$-simple semigroup, but do not hold for the two element null semigroup?

A: We can consider $S$ as $0$-simple, but then we must add in the Sushkevich-Rees theorem (and other theorems) the words: "except such $S$ that $S^2=0$". It is the same reason because of which the axiom "$0\ne 1$" is used in the theory of fields.

A: Your question makes sense. Here are two elementary properties of $0$-simple semigroups that are not satisfied by the two-element null semigroup.

*

*$S^2 = S$

*$SsS = S$ for every $s \not= 0$

It turns out that, for a semigroup with $0$ in which $\{0\}$ and $S$ are the unique ideals, the condition $S^2 = S$ is equivalent to $S^2 \not= \{0\}$. Therefore one could replace the condition $S^2 \not= \{0\}$ by $S^2 = S$ in the definition of a $0$-simple semigroup. This might look less artificial than the usual definition.


text:
Here Are the Lyrics to Chris Brown's 'No Guidance,' Feat. Drake
By Ellise Shafer
"No Guidance," the fourth single from Chris Brown's forthcoming album Indigo, contains a seemingly unlikely feature: Drake. Though the two had allegedly been feuding since 2012, they ended their beef last year, paving the way for this collaboration.
After teasing the tune on social media a few days beforehand, "No Guidance" dropped on June 8. With its timely release and infectious hook ("You got it girl, you got it"), the track has been garnering attention as a contender for the song of the summer.
Lil Nas X's 'Old Town Road' Tops Billboard Hot 100 for 11th Week, Chris Brown & Drake's 'No Guidance' Debuts at No. 9
Aubrey "Drake" Graham
Check out the full lyrics below.
Before I die I'm tryna fuck you, baby
Hopefully we don't have no babies
I don't even wanna go back home
Hopefully, I don't leave you on your own
Ayy
Trips that you plan for the next whole week
Bands too long for a n---a so cheap
And your flex OD, and your sex OD
You got it, girl, you got it (Ayy)
You got it, girl, you got (Yeah)
Pretty lil' thing, you got a bag and now you wildin'
You just took it off the lot, no mileage
Way they hittin' you, the DM lookin' violent
Talkin' wild, you come around and now they silent
Flew the coop at 17, no guidance
You be stayin' low but you know what the vibes is
Ain't never got you nowhere bein' modest
Poppin' shit but only 'cause you know you're poppin', yeah
You got it, girl, you got it
Lil' baby in her bag, in her Birkin
No nine to five, put the work in
Flaws and all, I love 'em all, to me, you're perfect
Baby girl, you got it, girl, you got it, girl (Oh-oh)
You got it, girl, you got it, girl (Ooh)
I don't wanna play no games, play no games
Fuck around, give you my last name (Oh)
Know you tired of the same damn thing
That's okay 'cause, baby, you
You the only one I'm tryna make love to, pickin' and choosin'
They ain't really love you, runnin' games, usin'
All your stupid exes, they gon' call again
Tell 'em that a real n---a steppin' in
Don't let them n---as try you, test your patience
Tell 'em that it's over, ain't no debatin' (Uh)
All you need is me playin' on your playlist
You ain't gotta be frustrated
I don't wanna play no games, play no games (Oh)
Fuck around, give you my last name (My last name)
Know you tired of the same damn thing (Same damn thing)
You got it, girl, you got it (Oh, ooh, ayy)
You got it, girl, you got it (Got it)
I don't wanna
Before I die, I'm tryna fuck you, baby (Yeah)
Hopefully, we don't have no babies (Ooh)
You got it, girl, you got it, oh
Play no games (No)
Freaky (Freaky)
I can learn a lot from you, gotta come teach me (Woo, woo)
You a lil' hot girl, you a lil' sweetie (No, sweet)
Sweet like Pearland, sweet like Peachtree (Like that)
I can tell you crazy, but shit kind of intrigue me (No, yeah, I like that)
(I don't wanna, I don't wanna)
Seen it on the 'Gram, I'm tryna see that shit in 3D, mami
I know I get around 'cause I like to move freely
(I don't, I don't)
But you could lock it down, I could tell by how you treat me
I seen how you did homeboy, so please take it easy (No, yeah)
Good to have me on your side, I ain't sayin' that you need me (Yeah, yeah)
Six God talk but I ain't tryna get preachy (No, no, no)
I seen how you did homeboy, please take it easier on me
'Cause I don't wanna (No) play no games, play no games
I don't, I don't
Written by: Tyler Bryant, Anderson Hernandez, Michee Patrick Lebrun, Travis Walton, NIja Charles, Christopher Brown, Aubrey Graham


text:
Q: Vue router incrementing my route params id by plus one I am trying to change the id in my route by plus one of the current id whenever you press on a button. I am building a questionaire with True / false buttons and whenever a user presses a button it should go to the next id like so /question/1 > /question/2. I have tried returning the current this.$route.params.id++ in my computed lifecycle hook, like so:
nextQuestion() {
   return this.$route.params.id++;
}

But this results in the following error:
Unexpected side effect in "nextQuestion" computed property
My <router-link> looks like this:
<router-link :to="`/question/${nextQuestion}`">
...
</router-link>

I've tried also to replace return this.$route.params.id++; with return this.$route.params.id + 1; but this (logically) just adds the number to the end instead of incrementing it.
What would be the right way to approach this?

A: I had the same issue. Turns out Vuex automatically parses this.$route.params.id as  string instead of Number. I solved it by using javaScript Number() method. In your case this would be:
nextQuestion() {
   return (Number(this.$route.params.id++));
}

or alternatively say your route view is post/question/1, you can add a handler to your button like so:  @click="$router.push(nextQuestion)"then in your  computed lifecycle hook, do this:
nextQuestion() {
    return "post/question/"  + (Number(this.$route.params.id) + 1)
}


MINGORA, Pakistan – An explosion ripped through a busy market area in the main city in Pakistani's Swat Valley on Monday, killing at least three people and wounding eight others, officials and witnesses said.
Swat police Chief Idrees Khan said items found at the scene of the attack in Mingora suggested it may have been a homicide bombing, though an investigation would be needed to confirm it.
Witness Rahim Gul said the blast occurred as two vehicles carrying Pakistani security forces passed through the busy Nishat intersection, which is surrounded by small shops and stalls. But the security forces' vehicles appeared to be undamaged, Gul said.
Television footage of the scene showed several cars gutted by fire or with blown-out windows. Heavily armed security forces were guarding the area.
Mingora is the capital of Swat, a mountainous region near the border with Afghanistan where Pakistani military forces last year launched a major offensive to remove Taliban militants who had taken control. The militants were driven out, but violence including bomb attacks has continued periodically.
Khan said three people were killed and at least eight others who were wounded were rushed to a hospital.
Another witness, Shiraz Khan, said people could be heard crying for help after the blast.


text:
Acid-base status during and after orthotopic liver transplantation
Fortunato, FL and Kang, Y and Aggarwal, S and Freeman, JA and Pinsky, Michael R (1987) Acid-base status during and after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 19 (4 Supp). 59 - 60. ISSN 0041-1345
There are thus many factors that may affect the suitability of a donor liver for transplantation, and a reliable, objective method of determining whether or not a liver is likely to function adequately after transplantation is urgently required. At the present time, however, the decision to use a particular donor liver remains a matter of clinical judgement. This decision will inevitably be influence both by the general availability of donor organs and by the urgency of recipient need at the time the liver becomes available, but should nevertheless be based primarily on an appreciation of the donor factors described above.
Fortunato, FL
Kang, Y
Aggarwal, S
Freeman, JA
Transplantation proceedings
4 Supp
Article Type:


During my middle school years at the Sankt George High School in Istanbul I had an art teacher named Herr Jorda. He was an Austrian who cherished the Ottoman heritage of Istanbul and tried to preserve old Istanbul with the projects he assigned us as homework. These homeworks often included the building of miniature wooden Istanbul houses, painting scenes of an old street, a fish market or a poor street beggar. He would often mention that one day in Istanbul all of these old houses will be history and the only remaining proof of their beauty would be pictures and paintings.
Herr Jorda was right. Today, there are only very few of these old houses are left in Istanbul. Few of the fortunate ones have been restored, but the vast majority are in a desperate shape, waiting for a final blow; perhaps a strong wind or a fire to cease their existence.
The most typical of these neglected areas where once the most beautiful row houses of Istanbul existed is a district called "Zeyrek". Zeyrek is near one of the major landmarks of Istanbul : the Aqueduct of Valens in the Saraçhane district. During the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman times, the water was distributed to the old city through these one kilometer long walls of the aqueduct. Today the busy traffic on the Atatürk Boulevard goes through the arches of the aqueduct's fifty meter span which is still in tact.
The hill is real steep and consists of stairs connecting different levels of streets together, in some cases connecting back of the houses to the street and the front porch to another street below. The hundred fifty to two hundred year old wooden houses with their closed balcony like extensions called "cumbo" are still trying to hold their ground in a desperate last effort. These randomly spread old houses stretch from the Çırçır district all the way to the Golden Horn, their small backyards facing the spectacular view of the Horn. A few minutes of climbing through the cobblestone streets and stairs will take you to the historic landmark of this area; The Church of Christ Pantocrator* or the Molla Zeyrek Mosque.
The Zeyrek complex is the second largest religious edifice in Istanbul after Hagia Sophia. The first building of the complex was erected by the Byzantine Empress Eirene Komnene between the years of 1118 and 1124 as a monastery and was dedicated to Christ Pantocrator The monastery complex included a hospital and a library. A year after the empress's death the monastery was built. Later , her husband Emperor John II Komnenos build a church in her memory near the monastery and dedicated it to Theotokos Eleusa **. In 1136 the Emperor built a third chapel connecting the monastery and the church together. This last one was dedicated to Saint Michael.
After his parents death Emperor Kemensos I. brought the so called Stone of Unction from Ephesus to the church grounds. It is believed that Christ's body was laid to rest on this marble slab before it's entombment. In 1204 the Venetian Crusaders sacked and stripped Constantinople of her of many prized possessions like the famous quartet of bronze horses, valuable icons ,manuscripts, gold and silver, historical relics, statues and shipped them to the Church of St Marco in Venice. Later during the Paleogene period the Church of Pantokrator was the center of opposition of of unification efforts of the Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. Both Emperor John Komnenos II. and Empress Eirene as well as Emperor Manuel Komnenos I. and his wife Empress Bertha of Sulzbach (Eirene***) and Emperor John V Palaiologos were buried here in the chapel.
After the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul in 1453 the church was converted to a mosque and the monastery to a medrese****. Molla Zeyrek, a scholar and student of Haci Bayram Veli was appointed as the superior of the complex and apparently the name Zeyrek was adapted by the locals as the name of the religious complex.
Today part of the old church is used as mosque and the whole complex is on the watch list of UNESCO under the list of endangered historical buildings and going through an extensive restoration.Zeyrek is a must see neighborhood for all people who are interested in history, religion and Istanbul.
*** Greek name given to foreign born Empress's .


text:
Jerusalem Post Israel News Israel Politics
Knesset expected to begin final budget debate Monday
The Finance Committee vote, authorizing the budget for its final plenum readings, was held up until Sunday evening, after having been called for 10 am, which was already a delay from last Wednesday.
By LAHAV HARKOV, NIV ELIS
Published: NOVEMBER 15, 2015 22:01
Updated: NOVEMBER 16, 2015 00:36
The Knesset
(photo credit: REUTERS)
The final debate on the 2015- 2016 state budget is scheduled to begin Monday, after the Knesset Finance Committee approved the budget Sunday, following last-minute wrangling by coalition parties.
MKs will discuss the budget – which includes 2015 because last year's budget votes were canceled due to an election being called – until Wednesday, when voting is scheduled to begin, which is expected to continue through Thursday.
The Finance Committee vote, authorizing the budget for its final plenum readings, was held up until Sunday evening after having been called for 10 a.m. – already a delay from last Wednesday.
Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon and Finance Minister Moshe Kahlon reached an agreement over the weekend to keep the long-debated defense budget at the amount approved in the first reading of the state budget: NIS 56.1 billion.
The amount was then approved by the joint Knesset Finance and Foreign Affairs and the Defense subcommittee on the Defense Budget on Sunday.
Over the course of 2016, another NIS 3b. is expected to be diverted to the defense department on the condition that the IDF takes efficiency measures, including shorter compulsory service, multiyear budgetary planning and changes in pensions. Some of the extra funds are meant to go to increasing IDF soldiers' pay by hundreds of shekels per month.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said it was the first time in his experience that a defense minister and finance minister agreed on a formula for the defense budget.
"I think that this process is worthy of note because it allows us to manage the budget properly," Netanyahu said, adding that the government will consider a multi-year defense budget that combines elements of the "Gideon" plan and Locker Committee, both of which offered policy recommendations on defense reforms.
"I think that we understand that the IDF needs to undergo changes because our region is undergoing changes, the threats against us and the weapons aimed against us are undergoing changes; and our military is also undergoing welcome and important changes. A strong army is important for a strong economy and vice-versa," he said.
Kahlon said the agreement to increase security force salaries up to 50 percent "is beneficial to those who serve us, fight for us, and endanger their lives for our security."
The agreement, he added, would help focus resources on defense without requiring the security establishment to "beg politicians for more money."
A recent study by the Van Leer Institute found that politicians have been willing to open the state's purse for defense. Security spending between 2000 and 2014 was 17% higher than budgeted, on average, while all other ministries typically under-spent by an average of 8%.
Opposition MKs took issue with the idea of committing to an extra NIS 3b. that is not part of the budget, and MK Haim Jelin (Yesh Atid), a resident of Kibbutz Be'eri near the Gaza Strip, complained that not enough of the defense budget is allocated to building a security fence between Israel and Gaza.
After a full weekend of negotiating, with daily meetings from Thursday to Sunday, Kahlon and Shas chairman Arye Deri came to a compromise over the latter's demand that value-added tax be canceled for water and electricity for the poor, and for public transportation for all. The Finance Ministry had adamantly opposed the idea of canceling VAT in any way, and Bank of Israel Gov. Karnit Flug and Finance Ministry director-general Shai Babad met with Netanyahu Saturday night to convince him to reject the idea, to no avail.
The cabinet voted to authorize Deri to be responsible for the plan's implementation, which will take place by January 1.
Netanyahu said he does not like the decision but has to honor coalition agreements.
"I promised 0% VAT on basic products, and these are the most basic products," Deri said after the vote.
"This decision will mostly benefit the weakest populations and those we have to help."
National Infrastructure, Energy and Water Minister Yuval Steinitz was the only minister to vote against the policy, saying that as a former finance minister, he sees it as a "slippery slope."
To support Deri's 0% VAT plan, the cabinet was informed that all ministries' budgets will be reduced by 0.7%, but Education Minister Naftali Bennett was unwilling to accept the cut, threatening to have Bayit Yehudi vote against the budget if the funds are not reinstated.
"Last night, I was surprised to learn that the Finance Ministry plans to cut almost NIS 200m. from the education budget, severely hurting the periphery and special education," Bennett wrote on Twitter Sunday morning. "If it's not canceled, we will vote against the budget."
MK Bezalel Smotrich, Bayit Yehudi's representative in the Finance Committee, did not show up for meetings or votes until late afternoon, although he was in the Knesset. In addition to Bennett's demand, Smotrich called for planned cuts in security to Jewish homes in east Jerusalem to be canceled.
"I don't know how, in our current security situation, we could lower security," Smotrich told Army Radio.
By afternoon, Smotrich was back in the committee, and Bennett tweeted: "Thank you to the prime minister and finance minister for canceling the decree of the [budget] cuts."
Only NIS 20m.-30m. were cut from education instead of the planned NIS 180m., and the funding for securing Jewish homes in east Jerusalem was increased to NIS 83m. instead of NIS 50m.
Finance Committee chairman Moshe Gafni (UTJ) had to stop the meeting on the budget at one point after discovering a discrepancy in the defense budget in an item in which the text said the budget is NIS 3b. but the number written was NIS 300m.
During the discussion, the Finance Ministry revealed the "coalition money," meaning funds relegated to areas that MKs from the coalition and opposition chose to support.
Gafni signed more agreements for coalition money than any other lawmaker.
The money will go to items such as religious services, helping the blind and elderly, mental health, Jewish education, victims of sexual assault, the Western Wall Tunnels, cemeteries, and other areas.
Knesset Speaker Yuli Edelstein's coalition money went to Jewish education in the Diaspora, Zionist education, Yad Vashem and mikvaot, among other items.
Smotrich ensured funds would go to local authorities in the West Bank and to the Galilee Development Authority. MK Miki Zohar (Likud) funneled money to education about Jewish identity and the Land of Israel and to security in the West Bank, and Knesset Interior Committee chairman David Amsalem (Likud) diverted funds to an emergency room in Kiryat Shmona.
Shas received funds to "memorialize chief rabbis," which could be used for the party's deceased spiritual leader and former chief rabbi Ovadia Yosef. Their other funds will go to "fertility according to Jewish law" and Zionist education for people from the former Soviet Union, among other items.
In the opposition, Meretz chairwoman Zehava Gal-On ensured money would be invested in finding employment for the elderly, and MK Michal Biran (Zionist Union) sought to fund youth movements.
Although Biran received coalition money, Zionist Union MKs slammed the practice.
The money is "100% for political survival... while abandoning the periphery, Jerusalem, the North, small businesses and young people in Israel," said MK Erel Margalit.
The opposition asked for funding to go to doctors in the periphery, mortgages with low interest rates for the needy, and orphans whose parents were killed in terrorist attacks, among other areas.
"This is buying the government with money," MK Miki Rosenthal (Zionist Union) lamented, calling the practice a "political bribe."
Tags Israeli Government Budget


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We always welcome donations to support our clinic ministry. We are not for profit and would love it if you, your church, your mission pastor or mission committee would consider partnering with us on a one-time or monthly basis. Financial partners help us keep the immunization cost low for our patients.
Global Outreach Clinic is a ministry department of Artists in Christian Testimony Intl. This gives us full 501c3 status, so all gifts to our clinic are tax deductible.
We are a group of medical professionals who volunteer our time and services. We meet together once each month in the evening to administer immunizations, anti-malaria meds and health information for those going overseas on short-term mission trips or as full-time missionaries. We also treat those traveling on other humanitarian purposes such as overseas adoptions.
All vaccines are special ordered for our patients, as we are a non- profit clinic and do not keep any inventory. Once contacted, we do all the research for our patients in order to recommend to them which immunizations and medications are needed in the country to which they will travel. We charge back to each patient whatever we have paid for his or her vaccines and anti-malaria medicines when ordered. Your donations allow us to charge even less than our already lowest prices for travel vaccines.
Your tax-deductible donation will be receipted to you as such.


In the field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as ore dressing, is the . The smaller the particles processes, the greater the theoretical grade and .. Of the gravity separation processes, the spiral concentrators and circular jigs are . This operated by the use of a plunging jet that generates fine bubbles.
Best results were obtained with feed solid content of 15% by weight for the . Keywords: Feldspar, Mica, Spiral concentrator, Gravity separation .. controlling the concentrate quality. . smaller mica particles made the separation of mica from.
fine UG2 ore concentrates to meet its growth objectives. . is the impact of dynamic quality demands associated with the . which to achieve optimal recovery of a gravity concentrate with accurate . UG2 chromite, spiral concentrators, chromite beneficiation. * Xstrata . the ROM mass) with much smaller amounts of talc and.
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Gravity separation of fine heavy minerals in the size range. 1.5 to 0.04 mm may be conducted on spiral concentrators. Spiral plants may . small-diameter spirals. SC Mineral . Launders. Spiral troughs are manufactured to the highest quality.
The APT GoldKacha is a gravity mineral concentrator designed as part of the . It was developed especially for small mining applications and is ideal for gold prospecting. . recovery of both coarse & fine precious metals, particularly fine gold recovery. . you fast delivery times while maintaining our high standards of quality.
development of precious metals projects, both small and large scale continued to . concentrators aimed at the gravity recovery of previously unrecoverable fine free gold. . concentrate produced from centrifugal concentrators, jigs and spirals.
Laboratory Bll Spiral Chute/spiral Concentrator/gravity Concentration . And the bottom adjacent to the lower flow turning slow, centrifugal force is small, the gravity flow from the outer edge . of the total charges as balance will be paid by T/T, before the goods leave factory. Nala Zeng's Products. Good Quality Drum Screen.
Apr 22, 2016 . Some companies used spirals (Ok Tedi, Granites) and gravity traps . The introduction of centrifugal concentrators such as the Knelson, .. Gravity circuits use large volumes of water and usually require good quality water. .. it extremely difficult to predict likely gravity gold recovery using small test samples.
Small-scale batch tests: These tests are frequently conducted as a part of the recovery . control of size distribution are important in achieving optimum results with spirals. . The Mozley gravity separator is a low-capacity high-performance gravity . These are centrifugal-type gravity separators also suited to fine particlesize.
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Feb 22, 2018 . Panning; Sluicing; Shaking Tables; Spiral Concentrators; Vortex Concentrators; Centrifuges . Although many miners use mercury in artisanal and small-scale . Therefore, panning is often done after other methods of gravity .. Flotation creates high quality concentrates and is good at capturing fine gold.