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Open access peer-reviewed chapter
The Use of Magnetoencephalography to Evaluate Febrile Seizures and Epilepsy in Children
By A. Kotini, A. Tsalkidis, P. Anninos and A. Chatzimichael
Submitted: October 28th 2010Reviewed: May 11th 2011Published: September 15th 2011
Home > Books > Management of Epilepsy - Research, Results and Treatment
chapter and author info
A. Kotini*
Lab of Medical Physics, Greece
A. Tsalkidis*
P. Anninos*
A. Chatzimichael*
*Address all correspondence to:
From the Edited Volume
IntechOpen
Management of EpilepsyResearch, Results and TreatmentEdited by Mintaze Kerem Günel
Management of Epilepsy - Research, Results and Treatment
Edited by Mintaze Kerem Gunel
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The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defined the febrile seizures as seizures occurring in childhood after one month of age, associated with a febrile illness not caused by an infection of the central nervous system, without previous neonatal seizures or a previous unprovoked seizure and not meeting the criteria for other acute symptomatic seizure (Østergaard, 2009). There is no evidence that electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities help in the prediction of the development of subsequent epilepsy and are of limited value (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1996). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not indicated in children with simple febrile seizures, but may be useful in cases with prolonged or focal febrile seizures in order to reveal subtle underlying neurological diseases (Shinnar and Glauser, 2002).
The neuromagnetic field recordable outside of the head is a selective reflection of intracellular currents flowing in the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells parallel to the skull surface. The magnetic field generated by a single neuron is almost negligible. When several thousands of nearby cells are synchronously active, the summated extracranial magnetic field typically achieves a magnitude of a few hundred femto-Tesla (1fT=10-15) where the strongest neuromagnetic signals like those associated with epileptic spikes are a few thousands femto-Tesla (Rose et al., 1987, Anninos et al., 1987; 1989a,b; 1991;1997; 2000a-c; 2003; 2010;Anastasiadis et al., 1997, Kotini et al., 2007a-c). The magnetic activity of the brain is produced by cellular micro-currents, which emerge from ionic movements, due to the dynamical variations of the membrane potentials (Anninos and Raman, 1975; Anninos 1973).
The SQUID (Superconductive Quantum Interference Device) has the ability to detect magnetic fields of the order of 10-12T which are much smaller than the magnetic fields of the earth which are 5X10 -5 T. The SQUID is based on the Josephson effect of superconductivity (Josephson, 1962). Using multi-channel recordings the topography of the magnetic field can be recorded above the scalp with a temporal resolution of less than one millisecond (Braun, 2007). The signal measured by each channel of the SQUID is a time varying waveform voltage that reflects local changes in the magnetic flux as a function of time. This signal is called magnetoencephalography (MEG) if we measured the brain emitted magnetic fields and it is very similar to the EEG if we measured the brain emitted electric fields. MEG is a non-invasive method for the study of electro-magnetic brain activity.
The major advantage of MEG over EEG, is that MEG has higher localization accuracy. This is due to the fact, that the different structures of the head influence the magnetic fields less than the volume current flow, that causes the EEG. MEG provides a high spatial density of recording points, which is difficult to obtain with EEG. The magnetic fields, are less distorted than electrical fields, because of the blurring effect of the skull, which acts as a low-pass filter for electrical potentials, providing, in this way, better conditions for the recording of fast activity. Moreover, inaccuracies in estimating the conductivities of the skull and other tissues of the head affect much more the interpretation of electrical than magnetic sources (Sobel et al., 2000; Wilson et al. 2007; Ramantani et al.,2006; RamachandranNai et al., 2007; Anninos et al., 2010; Kylliäinen et al.,2006; Elger et al., 1989).
The MEG offers functional mapping information and measurement of brain activity in real time, unlike CT, MRI and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which provide anatomical, structural and metabolic information. With the MEG the brain is seen in'action' rather than viewed as a still image. Finally, the MEG has far more superior ability to resolve millisecond temporal activity associated with the processing of information which is the main task of the brain. Thus, both normal spontaneous rhythms and pathological activities are readily identified in MEG waveforms as we do with the EEG waveforms. Whereas, MEG signals reflect current flow in the apical dentrites of pyramidal cells oriented tangential to the skull surface, EEG signals reflect both tangential and radial activities (Williamson and Kaufman, 1987; Cohen D and Cuffin, 1991; Lopes da Silva and Van Rotterdam,1987; Rose and Ducla-Soares, 1990; Hamalainen, 1993; Makela, 1996). For all of the above reasons we preferred the use of MEG for the evaluation of seizures.
In this study we investigated the possibility of any epileptic behavior caused by febrile seizures in 4 young sisters, by means of MEG. We utilized MEG to measure epileptic behavior because EEG abnormalities were not useful for the prediction of the development of subsequent epilepsy.
Four young sisters within the age range of 2 - 5 years were referred to our Lab by the Pediatric Department of our University General Hospital in order to be examined with MEG. There were no EEG, CT and MRI examinations in the patients' records. Informed consent for the methodology and the aim of the study was obtained from their parents prior to the procedure.
The MEG recordings were carried out in a magnetically shielded room with a whole head 122-channel-biomagnetometer (Neuromag-122, Helsinki, Finland) (Anninos et al., 2010; Kotini et al., 2010; 2008; 2005;2004; 2002; Tonoike et al., 1998; Antoniou et al., 2004) (Figure 1). All studies performed precisely 10 days after fever subsided for the purpose of comparison. The time duration of each MEG measurement was 3 min.
There was adequate head coverage for all children by the whole head helmet-shaped dewar. The MEG sensors were adjacent to the scalps. The sensors were consisted of rectangular pairs of planar-type gradiometers aligned in a helmet-shaped dewar vessel, into which the patient's head was inserted during the measurement. The pick-up-coils of the device are shaped like figure-of-eights to make them 'near-sighted', i.e. sensitive to sources in the brain, but insensitive to ambient noise fields. The device employs planar gradiometers that record at each of the 61 measurement sites the magnetic field component normal to the helmet-shaped dewar bottom surface.
The 122-channel-biomagnetometer
All MEG data were inspected carefully off-line for movement artifacts which were cut off from the data trace. The data were bandpass filtered between 0.03 and 130 Hz and sampled at 400 Hz. During off-line data analysis, we used a low-pass filter at 40 Hz and high-pass at 2-8 Hz to extract the spike component from the slower background activity.
When a clear dipole pattern was seen in the magnetic field distribution around the spike peak, the single equivalent current dipole (ECD) model was fitted in the patient's spherical head model to the recorded signals. We defined acceptable ECDs as those with a goodness-of-fit to the model of >80% and with ECD strength between 100 and 400 nAm (nano Ampere metre).
For the transformation of the ECD locations, the following coordinate system was used: x-axis perpendicular to the other two axes through the anterior commissure, y-axis passing through the anterior and posterior commissure, and z-axis perpendicular to the y-axis through the anterior commissure at the middle plane of the brain.
Normal subjects of similar age who served as controls didn't show ECDs in their MEGs because normal controls did not have any spike activity on which to fit the data. The same sort of analyses was performed on the normal control data.
2.1. Results
Table 1 exhibits the clinical characteristics of each child. After the MEG signals were recorded, an ECD model was estimated at each time point, within the encompassing signal segment, using a single dipole model.
Two out of the 4 children shown ECD dipoles located at the right - temporal areas (Figs.2,3, child No 1,3), as active regions responsible for febrile seizures. These children were scheduled for future clinical examination with EEG due to the high number of events of febrile seizures (Table 1).
The children had a family history of febrile seizures. Their uncle (fathers' brother) had one event of febrile seizures and occurrence of epilepsy seizures during his life.
Figures 4, 5 exhibit the scalp MEG distribution for the children No.3,4 respectively. There are no ECD dipoles.
The clinical characteristics of each child. F: Female; N: Normal, ECD: Equivalent Current Dipole
The most prevalent pathology following febrile seizures is a recurrence, which occurs in about one-third of the cases. The most reliable risk factors for the reappearance reported are the onset of first febrile seizures at less than 18 months of age and the family history of febrile seizures. Two other specific risk factors for reappearance are the peak temperature and the duration of the fever period prior to the seizure. The higher the peak temperature, the lower is the risk of recurrence and, the shorter the fever period before seizure, the higher
The scalp MEG distribution and the ECD dipole indicated by the arrow in the child No.1 (Table 1). The coordinates are : x (left/right), y (anterior/posterior), and z (superior/inferior)
is the risk for recurrence. Furthermore fearing new seizures, the parents are faced with a concern of their child's chance of developing epilepsy or mental retardation (Østergaard, 2009; Berg et al., 1997).
There are only three reports in the literature investigating febrile seizures with MEG. Mayanagi et al. (1996) studied the clinical features of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in 24 cases. A history of febrile convulsion, particularly in the form of status epilepticus, seemed to be a prognostic factor. For presurgical evaluation, EEG, MRI, MEG and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were important tests.
Mohamed et al. (2007) referred to a previously healthy 10-year-old boy who developed generalized convulsive status epilepticus following a mild febrile illness. Ictal and interictal MEG demonstrated dipole sources projecting from the right mesial temporal region.
Diffusion-weighted imaging showed restricted diffusion involving the right hippocampus. Right anterior temporal lobectomy resulted in cessation of status epilepticus.
Anninos et al. (2010) studied 15 children within the age range of 2 - 7 years who experienced febrile seizures. Eight children showed ECDs located at the left-temporal, right-temporal, occipital, and frontal lobe, as active regions responsible for febrile seizures. They assumed that the interictal epileptiform discharges are a consequence of febrile seizures.
The most simple and widely used model that can explain a certain MEG surface map is the ECD, which assumes that the magnetic fields recorded at the surface can be accounted by a dipolar source. This model arises from the physiological observation that the main neuronal sources of MEG activity consist of palisades of cortical pyramidal cells, with elongated apical dendrites oriented perpendicularly to the cortical surface. The estimation of a dipole model is reasonable only if the magnetic field on the surface has focal characteristics(Sobel et al., 2000; Ramachandran et al. 2007; Ramantani et al., 2006; Wilson et al., 2007;
The scalp MEG distribution in the child No2 (Table 1). The coordinates are : x (left/right), y (anterior/posterior), and z (superior/inferior)
Scheler et al. 2007; Papanicolaou et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2006;Chuang et al., 2006). This model allows characterization of the source of neuronal activity in the brain and is useful in focal epilepsies, in which small areas of brain tissue trigger the seizure and are important in obtaining a good spatiotemporal localization of the foci. However, MEG might be helpful in more complex epileptic patterns (generalized epilepsy).
We defined acceptable ECDs as those with a goodness of fit to the model of >80%. Standard ECD analysis defines the spatial extent of an epileptogenic zone when reliable ECD localizations are gathered to form a single cluster (Oishi et al., 2006; Iida et al.,2005). One single cluster of MEG spike sources can indicate the primary epileptogenic zone for complete resection and seizure control. Multiple clusters indicate complex and extensive epileptogenic zones and necessitate intracranial EEG monitoring. MEG is a technique for measuring the magnetic fields associated mainly with intracellular currents, while the EEG measures mainly extracellular field potentials. Intracellular currents are well modeled by the ECD model.
The scalp MEG distribution in the child No.4 (Table 1). The coordinates are : x (left/right), y (anterior/posterior), and z (superior/inferior)
In our study, 2 out of 4 children were positive to ECDs, whereas the rest were negative. This fact depends on the activity of the patients' brain during the MEG measurements. If exhibits epileptic behavior, then we will observe ECDs, otherwise we would not. Neuroimaging studies are not necessary in children with simple febrile seizures. EEG's have been found to have limited value( Jones and Jacobsen, 2007). Abnormalities on EEG do not predict the occurrence of future seizures or the subsequent development of epilepsy. (Kuturec et al., 1997; Joshi et al., 2005). It is well known that EEG is an unhelpful diagnostic procedure and we use it only when we want to distinguish "febrile convulsions" from convulsions with fever (Panayiotopoulos, 2002; Püst, 2004; Chung et al., 2006).
Time domain analysis of neuromagnetic data give information about the underlying neuronal generators and especially is appropriate for transient behavior. The utility of the ECD algorithm depends on the goodness of fit between the structure of the sources in the model and the neuronal sources. Frequency domain localization of ECD sources is useful if the underlying neuronal generators are differentiated harmonic content and spatial distribution. The existence of such sources has been demonstrated by the determination of ECD components of activity with both a sharp spectral peak and localized source volume. Both frequency and time domain analysis may be applied to the same epoch of time. The coincident occurrence of spike activity localization in the time domain and slow activity localization in the frequency domain may be an interesting tool for localization of epileptic activity. The separation of a complex set of sources underlying spontaneous activity into distinct components is an initial step in determining the functional significance of spontaneous activity
Children with febrile seizures have a six-fold excess (3%) of subsequent afebrile seizures and epilepsy than controls. The risk is 2% after a simple and 5-10% after a complex febrile seizure. We tried to find a method that can supply us some prognostic indicators for possible epileptic behavior in children who experienced febrile seizures and have a family history of them. We assume that one of these prognostic indicators might be the existence of epileptiform discharges modeled by ECDs. Of course, further investigation is needed in order to assess the exact role of the ECDs and the occurrence of epilepsy in young children with a family history of febrile seizures.
4. Abbreviations
(ILAE) International League Against Epilepsy
(EEG) Electroencephalography
(CT) Computed tomography
(MRI) Magnetic resonance imaging
(SQUID) Superconductive Quantum Interference Device
(MEG) Magnetoencephalography
(fMRI) Functional magnetic resonance imaging
(SPECT) Single photon emission computed tomography
(ECD) Equivalent current dipole
2.Methods
3.Conclusion
4.Abbreviations
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A. Kotini, A. Tsalkidis, P. Anninos and A. Chatzimichael (September 15th 2011). The Use of Magnetoencephalography to Evaluate Febrile Seizures and Epilepsy in Children, Management of Epilepsy - Research, Results and Treatment, Mintaze Kerem Gunel, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/18676. Available from:
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different heights and colors
Japan Eight
Japanese White Weddings
Some people lose their heads over weddings, and no more so than in Japan, where the average ceremony costs around $30,000 U.S.,
Things You Can Do In Japan
... that you wouldn't do in North America. There are things you can do in Japan that you can't do in North America. It ...
Japan : The Big Picture part 2
The Land of the Rising Sun The word "Japan," for you crossword puzzle and Scrabble fans, is an exonym for the land ...
No Ninjas Needed
Story from a former Shinto priest: About the wedding ceremony.

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text:
Q: WPF DataGrid SelectedItems Not Working on Production WPF Code
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Code Behind
namespace WpfApplication1 {
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    {

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        {
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        private void LoadTable()
        {
            DtCollection.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
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            {
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        protected void OnPropertyChanged(string name)
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The above code works fine on the development machine. I deployed the
changes to production but once I select the row on the top grid
nothing is visible at the bottom grid. I am quite confident this is
some binding issue but cannot install any software on the production
to check. Only difference between production and development that
development has 4.5 version of .net but production has 4.0. though I
have developed my code under 4.0. Once the value in the below datagrid is edited parent row value should be changed immediately. Everything working fine on my local machine. The reason I am using datagrid inside my datatemplate as I need to do all the validation and my cols are dynamic.
I have wasted my whole day today to resovle this, due to limitation of time immediate answer will be appreciated.

A: I'm afraid to tell you that the only person who can fix your problem is you. Showing us your code won't help because we can't reproduce your problem with it. All problems like yours can be solved in the same way. You basically need to find out the values of your various objects as the program is running. You clearly can't debug the production version, so you'll have a bit more work to do to find out the values.
There are two main ways... the first and easiest is for you to add a whole load of calls MessageBox.Show that alert you to the values of your various objects. This is ok if you can test without the end users having access to the application. If they do, then you'll need to add some sort of logging, that will save the values to the database or a text file, that you can view after running the application.
Once you know the values, you'll be able to work out what is going wrong. The chances are that it has something to do with permissions, or maybe incorrect file paths.

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Omaha is an exciting poker variant that requires a lot of skill and patience to master. Unlike Texas Hold'em, which preferred betting structure is no-limit. The popular betting structure of Omaha is pot-limit. This type of games is referred as pot-limit Omaha, also abbreviated as PLO poker.
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text:
Humans Come From Another Place in the Universe, Experts Determine
by | Mar 30, 2016 | Conspiracy | 0 comments
The idea of humanity evolving elsewhere in the universe and migrating to Earth and different corners of the galaxy in spaceships may be a reality after all. Are we the aliens on this planet? If so, where do we really come from?
Dr. Ellis Silver, a leading ecologist and environmentalist has gathered certain evidence pointing towards the hypothesis of humans originating from another place in the universe. In his book "Humans are not from Earth: a scientific evaluation of the evidence," he describes 17 ideas why humans are not from earth and also reveals information about the place of origin and an alternative human timeline.
An interesting aspect highlighted by Dr. Ellis Silver is the unique psychology of human beings which suggests that we were designed elsewhere in the cosmos, most likely on a planet with low gravity.
"Mankind is supposedly the most highly developed species on the planet, yet is surprisingly unsuited and ill-equipped for Earth's environment: harmed by sunlight, a strong dislike for naturally occurring foods, ridiculously high rates of chronic disease, and more, "Dr. Silver told Yahoo news.
"The Earth approximately meets our needs as a species, but perhaps not as strongly as whoever brought us here initially thought. Lizards can sunbathe for as long as they like – and many of them do."
Do we really come from another star system or planet?
"We are dazzled by the sun, which is also odd, most animals are not."
Other facts from the book speak about how chronic illnesses that trouble the human race, such as bad backs, may prove we developed on a world with low gravity. The doctor also considers the fact that humans have an extra 223 genes, according to a study published by Dr. Francis Crick.
According to a paper from bibliotecapleyades, "Collaborative research from a gathering of exo-scientists postulate that there are genes from over 20 extraterrestrial civilizations in human DNA. These exo-scientists have continued the work of Nobel Prize winner Dr. Frances Crick, and other scholars in this area. Current findings are consistent with reports of Professor Sam Chang, who discreetly released information on his own apparent findings, in association with the Human Genome Project."
Dr. Silver considers the human race has some odd traits which are clearly out of this world. According to him, the human body can't find the perfect conditions to function flawless.
"We are all chronically ill," says Dr. Silver. "Indeed, if you can find a single person who is 100% fit and healthy and not suffering from some (perhaps hidden or unstated) condition or disorder (there's an extensive list in the book) I would be extremely surprised – I have not been able to find anyone."
Other interesting ideas from the book
"I believe that many of our problems stem from the simple fact that our internal body clocks have evolved to expect a 25 hour day (this has been proven by sleep researchers), but the Earth's day is only 24 hours. This is not a modern condition – the same factors can be traced all the way back through mankind's history on Earth."
At the opposite pole lies another theory of Doctor Silva, suggesting that if we didn't reach the Earth in spaceships, then early humans could have been crossbred with another species creating modern humans. The most probable star system from where humans could have arrived is Alpha Centaury, the closest system to our own.
"Mankind is supposedly the most highly developed species on the planet, yet is surprisingly unsuited and ill-equipped for Earth's environment: harmed by sunlight, a strong dislike for naturally occurring (raw) foods, ridiculously high rates of chronic disease, and more. Plus there's a prevailing feeling among many people that they don't belong here or that something "just isn't right."
"This suggests (to me at least) that mankind may have evolved on a different planet, and we may have been brought here as a highly developed species."
Another interesting idea from the book sees the Earth as a prison planet, where a naturally violent species such as ours is condemned to live until it learns to behave. However, Dr. Silver advices his readers to treat the topics discussed in the book lightly since he embraces various possibilities in life, and there are countless possibilities.
"Humans are not from Earth" was published mainly to gauge reaction from readers and to provoke thought, particularly among those who might not have considered such a possibility before."
The book is sure to rise some question marks. It offers an interesting perspective over things and encourages everybody to research on their own until eventually finding the truth. He also encourages readers to send all relevant opinions to further analyze them.
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Das Heilige Feuer ist nach Überzeugung orthodoxer Christen ein sich alljährlich am Karsamstag-Nachmittag in der Jerusalemer Grabeskirche ereignendes Wunder. Das Heilige Feuer soll keinen natürlichen Ursprung besitzen und in seinen ersten Minuten nicht sengen.

Das Feuer entsteht nur an den orthodoxen Ostern (nach anderen Angaben steigt es bisweilen auch zu anderen Zeiten herab) und nur in Gegenwart des Jerusalemer Patriarchen der östlich-orthodoxen Kirche (oder eines Stellvertreters). Nachdem der Jerusalemer Patriarch auf Streichhölzer, Feuerstein oder andere Zündmittel durchsucht wurde, betritt er die Heilig-Grab-Ädikula. Der Zeremonie wohnen die Hierarchien der verschiedenen christlichen Konfessionen und einige zehntausend Christen bei.

Nach dem Volksglauben steht in dem Jahr, in dem das Heilige Feuer nicht herabsteigt, das Ende der Welt bevor.

Seit 1993 wird das Heilige Feuer am Karsamstag mit dem Flugzeug nach Russland gebracht. Ebenso finden jährlich Sonderflüge nach Bulgarien, Griechenland und Rumänien und weitere nach Armenien und Georgien statt, wo das Heilige Feuer am Flughafen mit den Ehren eines Staatsoberhauptes empfangen und von dort aus weiter in die Metropolien bzw. vom armenischen Katholikos verteilt wird.

Literatur
 Johann Lorenz von Mosheim: De Lumine Sancti Sepulchri Commentatio, Helmstedt 1736
 Anton Hungari (Hrsg.): Osterglöcklein. Erbauliche Unterhaltungen für den Osterfestkreis im katholischen Kirchenjahre. J. D. Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1862, S. 434–437 (Das heilige Feuer der Griechen in der Kirche des heiligen Grabes zu Jerusalem).
 Gustav Klameth: Das Karsamstagsfeuerwunder der heiligen Grabeskirche, Wien 1913
 Otto Friedrich August Meinardus: The Ceremony of the Holy Fire in the Middle Ages and Today, in: Bulletin de la Société d'Archéologie Copte, Band 16, Kairo 1961–62 (S. 242–253)
 Charis Skarlakidis: Heiliges Licht. Das Wunder vom Karsamstag am Grab Christi. Fünfundvierzig historische Zeugnisse (4.–16. Jh.), Athen 2012, ISBN 978-960-99255-8-7
 Cornelia Schrader: Das Heilige Feuer in der Grabeskirche zu Jerusalem. Annäherungen an ein unbegreifliches Phänomen, Berlin 2020, LIT-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-643-14715-8

Weblinks
 Das Wunder des Heiligen Feuers
 Ablauf des Feuerwunders in der Grabeskirche

Feste und Brauchtum (Orthodoxie)
Feuerbrauchtum
Feuer in der Religion
Grabeskirche

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Berkeley News, East Bay Neighborhoods, Home Buyers, Homebuyers, Interesting Facts, Market Updates, Oakland News, Patty's Real Estate Tips, Real Estate News, Sellers, The Scoop!
Overall the East Bay continues with a brisk real estate market, improving inventory and buyers poised to leap in the 50 neighborhoods of Oakland, Berkley and Alameda. Here are the stats for 4 neighborhoods. Connect with me for more neighborhood info.
Patty: A brisker market in Berkeley allows buyers to choose from more, yet still limited inventory while keeping room in the budget for a winning bid.
Patty: Homes for under $1.5M are available, with a short viewing period and buyers ready to offer and compete in the market place. Inventory is slowly picking up.
Patty: With a fairly brisk market in Alameda, homes are available under $1m. Buyers are well prepared to offer competitively, with an eye on homes with added value potential.
Patty: Currently on market, only two 3 and 4 bedroom homes available for under $2m. Piedmont home purchases are at a premium with buyers poised to leap. Bring your best first.
Next Level East Bay Real Estate Representation! Patty Rogers, The Grubb Co., Broker Associate, BRE#00669968 Doing business by your referrals.
Tagged: East Bay Market Report, Berkeley, Oakland, Oakland Hills, Oakland Neighborhoods, Piedmont, Alameda, Homes for Sale in the East Bay, East Bay Market Stats, How much are homes selling for in the east bay, Patty Rogers, Broker Associate East Bay, East Bay Real Estate Broker, The Grubb Co.
Older PostMake a Grand Entrance!


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Q: Unwanted vertical space in latex beamer with tcolorbox boxes I've just updated my TeX distribution and I realized that the last version of the tcolorbox package leads to an undesirable vertical space in my beamer presentations. In particular, There is too much vertical space at the top of the first box in a frame. I ignore whether this issue arises in other contexts too.
Minimal example
\documentclass{beamer}

\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{skins,xparse}

\DeclareTColorBox{mybox}{ O{red} m d"" !O{} }
{enhanced,colframe=#1!75!black,colback=#1!5!white,
fonttitle=\bfseries,title={#2}}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Title of the frame}
Text text text text
\begin{mybox}{Box one}
Hello world!
\end{mybox}
\begin{mybox}{Box two}
Hello world!
\end{mybox}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

This is what I get:

This is what I used to get with older versions:

A: Add \tcbsetforeverylayer{autoparskip}.
In v4.40, tcolorbox changes the default vertical spaces added before and after colored boxes. The above code restores to the behavior until v4.32. For more info, see tcolorbox#115 and tcolorbox#121.


There is a profound shift in consciousness occurring. This shift is part of the intentional evolution of human consciousness by members of the human race far and wide across this planet we call Earth. By being mindful of our thoughts, we are able to shape our reality in a number of different ways.The Buddha said that "we are what we think. All that we are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world." Such statements reflect the reality of focused and intentional thoughts shaping the reality in which we find ourselves in on a daily basis. They display the power of our consciousness in the assisting in the overall evolution of the transpersonal consciousness of humanity.
The heart-based way of living takes into account that all is One and that subsequently we are One. This interconnected aspect of consciousness increases the feelings of empathy, compassion, and love among humans part of this consciousness matrix. It was mentioned earlier that it seems as if the process of evolution itself, initiated and formulated by whatever mechanisms of Reality began it all, are focused and directed towards strengthening and intensifying the aspects of reality we have come to know as interconnectedness and oneness. Evidence of this can be seen in many places.
One such place is in the sphere of incoherence and coherence.Incoherence, such as when a person feels stress, overwhelm, anxiety, uncertainty and fear, generates chaotic and incoherent signals in the heart that go to the brain/mind and trigger stressful responses. The heart and brain fall out of alignment and as a result the solutions to personal or world problems are not readily found. In the dense dimensions, these negative emotions are registered in the heart and brain's electromagnetic fields and generate a global stress and incoherence wave that radiates outward into those around us and to those all over the world.


PlayStation 4 is an eight-generation console from Sony. Being the successor of the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4 set a record for selling one million units in 24 hours. Nearly sold out everywhere, PlayStation 4 has now become a difficult device to get a hold of if one doesn't hurry. Jack Tretton, President and CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment America (SCEA) assured that aside from pre-orders, Sony has enough stock for the retailers that consumers can go to a store and pick up a PlayStation 4 without a pre-order. He also stated that Sony is working round the clock to meet the supply demands.
PlayStation 4 is showing no signs of stopping any time soon. Being officially launched in North America, Europe and Middle East among other continents and countries to soon follow the release, PlayStation 4 is selling fast. According to a famous and reliable industry insider, thuway, who has been spot on with many of his claims, has assured that PlayStation 4 is selling around 240k-250k units weekly. It is possible that he may have gotten hold or might have seen the weekly number from Sony as the information has not been disclosed yet. What's more surprising is that these numbers are for US only.
I really hope someone comes forth with the weekly Xbox One number, because I can assure the PS4 is 240-250 k :). People are buying it.
Thuway is now waiting for a weekly Xbox One sales number to compare it to the success that PlayStation 4 is enjoying currently.


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The Recent CPC Resolution and Sino-US Relations
Senior Fellow, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
The "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Upholding and Improving the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics and on Modernizing the System and Capacity for the Governance of China" was adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee on Oct. 31. What does this resolution mean for China? And what does it mean for China's relations with the United States?
How can China benefit?
Since Xi Jinping took office in 2012, he has rarely worked to separate CPC and government affairs as part of political reforms. However, he repeatedly stressed CPC leadership as the essential feature and the greatest advantage of socialism in China. The reason is that in the past 70 years, under the CPC, China first gained independence and later emerged as the world's second-largest economy. It is now expected to become a developed and strong modern socialist country by the middle of this century.
This political system, which allows China to become independent, rich and strong, is undoubtedly an effective one and suitable for the country. Therefore, what China must do next is not conduct political reforms but rather, under CPC leadership, to improve the system and capacity for governance in order to realize the Two Centenary Goals — namely, a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a modern socialist country.
For this reason, at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2013, the CPC decided for the first time to "modernize the system and capacity for the governance of China." It also made it the overall objective of China's reform to "improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and modernize the system and capacity for the governance of China." The session was meaningful in that it marked the beginning of the CPC's systematic design and implementation of reforms.
Taking into account the importance of this issue, the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee's Political Bureau and the Political Bureau met on Feb. 28 and March 29 and decided that this issue should be discussed at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee. A team was therefore established to draft the resolution and began to work under the leadership of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau.
The drafting team began to function in April. It worked out a draft resolution based on a review of various CPC documents, summarizing the experiences of China's revolution, construction and reform, especially the main theories and practices since the 18th CPC National Congress, and reviewed discussions. At the beginning of September, the first draft of the resolution was distributed to certain members of the CPC, including veteran members, for discussion. These people proposed 1,948 revisions, 436 of which were accepted. In addition, supplements were made, content was rewritten and wording was improved in 283 places. The resolution was finalized with 15 parts and 18,449 Chinese characters. Its main significance is that it answered the questions of what China should uphold and strengthen and what it should improve and develop.
How will it affect Sino-US relations?
China's first consideration is not diplomacy but the decisive factors that affect its present and future. By design, the resolution did not mention the United States. However, the U.S. is the country that exerts the most influence over China, although the impact is significantly less than when China first launched its policy of reform and opening-up. Moreover, the process of drafting and revising the resolution coincided with the Sino-U.S. trade war. This could not be ignored in the drafting process.
In his explanation of the resolution, Xi called it a powerful guarantee of China's success in response to risks and challenges, and that it positions China to take the initiative. These risks and challenges come from economic, social, natural, domestic and foreign sources.
The U.S. factor is undoubtedly an integral part of the foreign risks and challenges. Thus, China must uphold and improve its socialist system with Chinese characteristics, modernize its systems and capacity for governance and "use the power of the system to cope with the impact of risks and challenges."
The resolution emphasizes the need to improve the national security system, pursue a holistic approach to national security, balance development with security, improve mechanisms for identifying and defusing national security risks and boost China's ability to guard against and defuse those risks. Therefore, in its diplomacy with the United States, China will think about worst-case scenarios and work to play a greater role in setting the agenda for bilateral relations.
Maintaining peace and realizing development remains China's central task. The resolution emphasizes that the country will uphold an independent foreign policy of peace, promote the building of a human community with a shared future and advance the establishment of an open system of cooperation and win-win results. To this end, China will follow the global governance principle of achieving shared growth through discussions and collaboration, actively participate in the reform and development of the system for global governance, stand for multilateralism and democracy in international relations and work to reform the mechanisms of global economic governance.
The resolution also emphasizes that China will uphold the mutually beneficial strategy of opening-up, contribute to high-quality development in the Belt and Road Initiative, safeguard and improve the multilateral trading system, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation and help create a global free trade zone network with high standards. The resolution stresses that China will also support other developing countries in improving their capacity for independent development and contribute to an open world economy. And it will help resolve issues such as uneven global development and the digital divide.
It can be seen that, while thinking about worst-case scenarios, China has not closed itself and has no intention of "decoupling" from the U.S. or pursuing a comprehensive confrontation with it. On the contrary, China will continue to promote the BRI in an open and inclusive manner. It welcomes the continued cooperation of institutions, individuals and the government of the U.S. It believes that both China and the United States have many areas and issues on which they can cooperate, including in third-party markets.
US China PolicyUS-China RivalryUS-China Ties
Toward Philosophical Coexistence
Zhao Minghao Research Fellow, Charhar Institute


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Drink-driver caught by McDonald's staff while on late night burger trip in Sparkford
He was more than twice the legal drink-drive limit
Max BakerTrainee Digital Reporter
Magistrates reporter
The man raised the suspicions of McDonalds workers (Image: Getty)
Popping out for a late night burger proved disastrous for a Shepton Mallet man when he was suspected by take-away staff to have been drinking.
Jack Owen Amor got into his car and drove from his home to the McDonalds Drive-thru at Sparkford.
But when he went to place his order, a staff member became suspicious that he was drink driving and informed the police who found he was over the limit.
The 21-year-old, of Lamyatt, appeared in the dock before District Judge David Taylor, sitting at Yeovil, where he pleaded guilty to a charge that on December 21 at Sparkford he drove a vehicle on the Hazelgrove Roundabout after consuming excess alcohol.
Prosecutor Emma Lenanton said that the incident occurred around 2am when the defendant drove his car to McDonalds and went to buy some food.
'Very drunk man' broke man's skull in drunken attack on couple in Midsomer Norton
"The staff believed he was under the influence of alcohol so they contacted the police who arrived and saw the defendant at the wheel of his Peugeot car," she said.
"Amor identified himself as the driver and was noticed to be slurring his words and smelt of alcohol, then when he got out of the vehicle he was unsteady on his feet."
He was arrested and taken to the police station where a further test produced a reading of 63mcg of alcohol in 100ml of breath. The legal limit is 25mcg of alcohol.
Defending himself, Amor said it had been a "silly mistake" which he wished he had never made.
"I was under the influence of alcohol and wasn't thinking straight and I had come from my house to McDonalds and was going to drive straight back home again," he said.
The court heard that the defendant, who worked as a welder, said he was honest with the police and admitted immediately that he had been drinking.
The district judge banned Amor from driving for 18 months and fined him £300 with £85 costs and a £30 victim surcharge.
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BathSchool shocked after ex-teacher convicted of making indecent images of childrenHeadteacher says news is 'difficult to comprehend'


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Biographymask
Uddhav Thackeray - Updated Jan 2023
More Facts of Uddhav Thackeray
Sagittarius, Gemini, Aries
5 feet 8 inches (1.73m)
Rashmi Thackeray
Sir J J School of art
Bal Thackerey
Mina Thackeray
(2) Bindumadhav and Jaidev
(2) Aditya and Tejas
Uddhav Thackeray Twitter
Uddhav Thackeray Instagram
Uddhav Thackeray Wiki
View more / View less Facts of Uddhav Thackeray
Uddhav Thackeray is an Indian politician, Shiv Sena Leader. Uddhav Thackeray is currently serving as the 19th Chief Minister of Maharastra. Likewise, his father Bal Thackeray was also one of the most influential leaders in Maharastra.
Table of Biography
1 Early Life
2 Career and Professional Life
3 Scandals
4 Relationship Status
5 Body measurements and Social media
Uddhav Thackeray was born on 27th July 1960. Likewise, the Indian politician is 62 years old at the moment and his birthplace is the city of Mumbai, Maharastra, India. Moreover, the politician belongs to Indian nationality and was born under the star sign Leo.
Moving on towards his family, he was born to Bal Thackeray and his wife Meena Thackeray. Likewise, his father Bal happens to be a politician as well and was one of the most influential people in Maharastra.
Moving on to his siblings, he has two brothers. Their names are Bindumadhav Thackeray and Jaidev Thackeray. The politician grew up in a family that had a political background. Thus, he naturally picked up a liking and passion for it.
Uddhav Thackeray went on to attend Balmohan Vidyamandir. Likewise, the politician then graduated from Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy Institute of Applied Art with photography as his main subject. Although he did not study politics during college, he learned about it from his father, brothers, and cousins.
Career and Professional Life
Uddhav Thackeray is an Indian politician and one of the most influential people in Maharastra, India. He started his political career as a campaign in charge of Shiv Sena in the Brihan Mumbai Municipal Corporation elections where the party performed well.
Furthermore, In the year 2003, he was appointed as working president of Shiv Sena. Moreover, he then took over as chief editor of party mouthpiece Saamana. Similarly, he then resigned in 2019 before becoming chief minister of Maharashtra.
Caption: Uddhav delivering a speech(source: Instagram)
After a couple of years in the political party, a split in Shiv Sena happened when his cousin Raj Thackeray left the party in 2006. His cousin left the party in order to form his own party named Maharashtra Navnirman Sena. Following the death of his father Bal Thackeray in 2012, he led the political party. Moreover, he also got elected as Shiv Sena president in 2013.
Likewise, under his leadership, Shiv Sena joined the NDA government in Maharashtra in 2014. After he got directly involved with the political party, he started getting involved with the government as well. Furthermore, on 28 November 2019, the politician took the oath as 19th Chief Minister of Maharashtra. This came to play after he got elected as the president of the newly formed post-poll coalition Maha Vikas Aghadi.
Uddhav Thackeray has earned a handsome deal of wealth throughout his photography and political career. The politician has multiple luxury cars and real estate as well. As of now, he has a net worth of $2 million.
The politician has caught up on several controversies. Likewise, in the year 2011, Uddhav threatened Sanjay Nirupam, to break his teeth for Nirupam's statement on the North Indians in Mumbai. The politician reinstated this after Nirupam had said in a rally that North Indians could bring Mumbai to a halt if they chose to. Furthermore, on 1st October 2016, the politician had to apologize for a controversial cartoon that ridiculed the Maratha Community.
Uddhav Thackeray is a married man. He is married to Rashmi Patankar. The Indian pair married each other on 13th December 1989. Likewise, his wife Rashmi happens to be a businesswoman and also a member of the Shiv Sena's women's wing. Similarly, the politician has two sons named, Aditya Thackeray and Tejas Thackerey.
Caption: Uddhav with his son(source: Instagram)
Body measurements and Social media
Uddhav Thackeray is in his early 60s. As for his height, the politician stands tall at 5 feet 9 inches and weighs 75 kg. Moreover, when it comes to hair color he has black hair and a pair of dark brown eyes.
Uddhav Thackeray is active on Instagram and Twitter. As of now, he has over 867k followers on his Twitter account and over 1.1 million followers on his official Twitter account. Similarly, he has garnered over 197k followers on Instagram as well.
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Tokar Estate is a family owned and operated winery, restaurant and cellar door located in the heart of the Yarra Valley. Having enjoyed recent success with their award winning wines, it was time to develop an online presence aimed at capturing the essence of the Tokar Estate brand and to promote their offering to a world wide audience.
Our brief was to design and develop an e-commerce website that struck a balance between rustic family charm and a modern business ethic. The site had to convey a warm and welcoming aesthetic whilst also being optimised for direct to consumer wine sales and restaurant & event bookings.
During the design process it was decided that a commercial photoshoot would be needed to capture all aspects of the business, key people and the stunning Yarra Valley location. A selection of images were combined with our sales focussed copy writing to tell the Tokar Estate story on the new mobile responsive e-commerce website.
An existing wine club members database was then integrated into the new website. When logged in, Tokar Estate wine club members now enjoy a dedicated members area offering discounts, unique products, exclusive offers and free freight for online purchases.
e-Commerce website strategy, e-commerce website design, e-commerce website development, custom website integrations, website content management, website support and security, e-newsletter campaign design and development.


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Entries sought for Walden Awards competition; sponsors sought for Wreaths Across America; Middletown's Poet Laureate to visit library
Shoreline Arts Alliance is presenting the sixteenth annual New Voices in Children's Literature: Tassy Walden Awards competition. This contest affords unpublished Connecticut authors and illustrators of children's books the opportunity to have manuscripts and portfolios reviewed by literary agents and possibly by editors and art directors at some of the major publishing houses for children's literature. The contest is open to residents of all 169 towns in Connecticut and is the only competition of this sort in the region. To date we have successfully seen books published by more than 30 of our former winners and/or finalists.
The New Voices in Children's Literature: Tassy Walden Awards is a Connecticut statewide, juried competition opened to writers and illustrators who are not published or under contract for publication. Categories are: Picture Book (text only), Illustrated Picture Book (author and illustrator must be same person), Children's Book Illustrator Portfolio, Middle Grade Novel and Young Adult/Teen Novel. All submitted works that meet the contest guidelines will be sent to literary agents for the first tier of judging. Works deemed outstanding will then be sent on to publishers and editors at major publishing houses for children's literature.
All submissions for this year's contest must be postmarked by February 1, 2016. Call for Entry form and guidelines are available for downloaded at www.shorelinearts.org or can be sent to you by calling 203-453-3890. Additional information, FAQs, and other helpful hints may also be found at www.shorelinearts.org/tassywalden.cfm.
Wreaths Across America honors local heroes
Saturday, Dec. 12 is Wreaths Across America Day. Wreaths Across America began as the Arlington Wreath project, started by Morrill Worcester in 1992 with the donation and laying of 5000 Christmas wreaths to Arlington National Cemetery. It was relatively obscure until 2005 when a photo of the stones adorned with wreaths and covered in snow circulated around the internet. The project received national attention. In 2006 over 150 state and national cemeteries held wreath laying ceremonies simultaneously.
By 2008, more than 300 locations held wreath laying ceremonies in every state, Puerto Rico and 24 overseas cemeteries, more than 100,000 wreaths were placed on veterans graves, and more than 60,000 volunteers participated.
Now the opportunity to adorn every veteran's grave has been made available to the community no matter where your hero is buried. This is made possible through the efforts of the Doolittle Funeral Home, 14 Old Church St., Middletown, in conjunction with the nearly 1000 veterans and family memorial care funeral home providers across America.
WAA reaches out to thousands of children each year with the message of Remember, Honor and Teach. The importance of honoring each fallen serviceman/woman as an individual is stressed. The wreath laying is now held each year on the second Saturday of December and was unanimously voted by the US Congress as "Wreaths Across America™ Day". By offering sponsorships to the public, Wreaths Across America hopes that one day every veteran's resting place will be adorned with a wreath for the holiday season.
Honor a hero, buried at any local cemetery by sponsoring a $15 Wreath to adorn their grave. Now through December 1st. please stop in and order a wreath for your hero at Doolittle Funeral Home; for information, call 860-346-6464.
Meet Middletown's Poet Laureate Susan Allison
MIDDLETOWN >> On Sunday, Dec. 6 at 2 p.m. Russell Library will present Middletown's new Poet Laureate Susan Allison. Allison will read poems old and new. She will be available to sign copies of her book, Down by the Riverside Ways.
John Basinger, in a review of the book, states: "Some poets produce highly polished and showy zirconium studded with many well-behaved commas. Susan Allison has created poems that seem to have become naturally what they are as diamonds emerge from carbon under pressure, not laid out on black velvet, but set in mother earth."
Susan Allison has offered poetry readings and performances throughout Connecticut since 1989. In 1991, she founded NEAR,Inc./ The Buttonwood Tree, where, in addition to running a performing arts series, she taught photography and writing classes to teen mothers. As a teacher, she taught creative writing for seniors at Middlesex Community College, has been a visiting writer at Macdonough School, and facilitated the Woman's Writing Circle at the Community Health Center. She also instituted the "Kids Arts" summer program for the City of Middletown.
Rennie McQuilken, Connecticut's Poet Laureate and publisher, says, "Susan Allison has done for Middletown, Connecticut, what Williams did for Paterson, New Jersey: she has seen past its pedestrian surface to its mythical underpinnings. She has written a book whose passion, honesty, and visceral style make it an important contribution to the world of poetry."


2017 was the year of what some might call the retail "apocalypse", however, I have always been steadfast to say, "retail is not dying, retail is evolving," and 2018 is going to be where we really see that shift.
Here are a couple of the key points to go deep into what these consumer trends are going to look like.
Consumer-centricity is the synergizing of sales, marketing, and merchandising to better service the consumer. This means everything from how you communicate on your mobile devices to how you communicate in your weekly newsletters are all going to be impactful ways to complete the customer experience. It's not just about securing that first-time buyer. It's about getting repeat purchases. Consumer-centricity draws upon the after-sale and the after-care- what happens after you've sold a product.
Text messaging is going to be one of the biggest waves we see return in terms of consumer-centricity. I'd like to say we're just moving back to how we used to do old-school clienteling. Recall memories of the black book. Sales associates would have a book of all of their clients and everything they've purchased. That's currently transitioning into CRM or Consumer Relationship Management systems. Sales associates used to text or call their customers when new product came in. Now we have the ability to do that en mass – and on a large scale – by some of the new text messaging applications on the market.
Consumer-centricity is not just getting them in the door. It's servicing them outside of the product. It's about selling a lifestyle, showing that your products and that who you are as a company really plays a role in their lives. Truly serve to add value. The ways in which consumer-centricity, aside from text messaging, is going to really take form is how you're leveraging all of your different social media platforms and how you are getting in front of your customer in real life.
These days every single person seems to be an entrepreneur. We're living in a big gig economy. Anyone with a driver's license can go out and drive an Uber. Everyone can go out and rent their apartments on Airbnb. The idea of being able to turn every single person into their own business is interesting. Similarly, while we have the rise of the gig economy, we also have people who are looking for more personalized services. 3D printing, for example, is an amazing way to offer customization. People seek to be integrated and spoken to when they log on to your website. They're more and more likely (and open) to integrate and sign up with Facebook or any other social application.
Why is that important? It gives you so much information and data about who your customers are. Sometimes we like to see it as a relationship between the consumer and the brand or retailer. Just as much as consumers want to be sold to, they want to be sold to in individualized ways. As retailers and brand owners, we want to be leveraging that data to offer better services, products, and price points to the consumer. On this point of individualization, go back to understanding your data analytics. What kinds of tools and business intelligence software can you integrate? Data is the new oil. How are you mining for that data?
What's so neat about voice search is that it's really as simple as being able to pick up your phone, turn on dictation, and say, "Hey, where is the closest Starbucks?" Siri is one of the first to adopt this kind of voice search technology. However, it is now being proliferated through Google Home, Alexa, Amazon Echo amongst others, like Siri. For example, if you've ever picked up your phone and asked for directions or you've started to use any type of voice dictation, you're already implementing these technologies in your own life.
One thing I always tell people when we speak in front of big crowds is, "Take a look at your own consumer habits, take a look at how you guys are consuming and using data and technology". Similarly, your clients are also adapting and using those similar types of services. When it comes to understanding voice search, what's going to be so fascinating for you is that it's going to really impact SEO. Before, it used to be that from an SEO standpoint, you could have misspelled words because, obviously, some people would be typing so fast that they would misspell certain keywords or key long-tail phrases. But now, you're going to see less and less search misspellings.
Along with voice search, we will be seeing more chatbots. It's great to be able to offer a live person who can chat with a customer in that moment, but if you're not able to have someone who is actually behind the scenes, having a chatbot that reads you're online or not available won't do you much good. The consumer is still left discouraged. So if you have the ability to have customer service on the backend to manage those live chatbots and live chats, that is amazing. If you're selling a high-end product or service, or you think your customer might need a little bit more information to close the sale, make sure there's someone on the other line of that chatbot during regular operating hours.
The chatbot really relates to another huge trend – text messaging. Text messaging goes back to old school clienteling when you'd have your CRM software and your black book and start to connect with your consumer. However, what's so great about text messaging is that it is brand new for the consumer. There is a 98% open rate on text messages because it's so new. Not everyone is using it.
When you start implementing text messaging, make sure it reads, "Message and data rates may apply. Text us back with 'Stop' in order to end." There are some legal requirements that arise and you do not want to get in trouble with any local or federal laws regarding using someone's phone number. Still, text messaging is the new email.
Similarly, there is a brand new fragrance company out there called PHLUR, and what's so interesting about what they did is when they shipped over a product, they also sent me a text message and said, "Hey, we hope you enjoyed your samples. Let us know if you have any questions. By the way, text and message rates do apply. Text us back 'Stop' if you no longer wish to receive these messages." It's an interesting strategy to drive traffic and maintain interest – as well as using it as a customer service platform.
Gen Z is right behind the youngest Millennials. The term "Millennials" is really varied and so wide. There are older Millennials who have children right now, and there are also younger Millennials who are graduating from college. But the Gen Zs are the ones who are in high school. They are the ones who are just starting college and they are implementing some really cool apps in order to get people interested. Big apps for 2018 are ICMs like YEAY and Yellow, and online hangouts that are really geared towards Gen Z to activate them. I love these platforms because they're allowing teenagers to be able to also adapt to the gig economy. They're also allowing teenagers to sell things online.
Often, when we think about new technologies and new social media apps, we think, "Let me wait and see how it's going to adapt first before we actually adopt this for our business." However, by the time it becomes big, you might be late to the game and late to the platform. So I suggest really keeping your eyes and ears on the ground for the latest new technology apps in terms of social selling and social media. Every single young person out there today has the capacity to become their own business and own entrepreneur.
If you can capture those audiences and turn them into tomorrow's influencer and tomorrow's sales ambassador, you'll start to see better partnerships. A great example of that is Musical.ly. Musical.ly started off as a platform for lip-syncing, and has now turned into a major platform for young people to make performances. Imagine sponsoring or having your jacket or t-shirt on a Musical.ly singer. This is amazing product placement for Generation Z to be able to be influenced. These are the people who have been growing up with YouTube. These are the people who are growing up with Snapchat. They already know the power they can have over an audience and the power that they can have to be entrepreneurs.
We've seen a huge trend toward spending more and more money on digital marketing, online dollars, and how we drive traffic. Mobile selling is so valuable and important. A lot of companies are launching with mobile-first platforms and then building e-commerce after the fact. It gives you an opportunity to be able to really leverage and test and have different strategies for your mobile sites versus your e-commerce platforms. And, of course, you're going to want to leverage those opportunities to drive traffic and real-life experiences.
Co-retailing is a big idea that came out in 2016/2017. Co-retailing simply means there is an empty space and there are a few different partners and brands in there renting that space together. They are usually in high-traffic, high-density areas. Brands are flocking to these spaces because of how difficult it can be to get bought into retail stores. The market has been tight and difficult because there are so many brands. Brands are taking it on themselves to be able to collaborate with one another and rent spaces together. You're also seeing sites like Flying Solo and Dreams on Air, which are brick-and-mortar spaces finding, selecting, and curating brands. Wolf & Badger is another great example, you can actually rent space from them to have your product sold in a high-traffic area.
We're seeing the rise of the shop-in-shop. 2017 saw so many examples of big-box retailers opening up shop-in-shops – including Lord & Taylor, Nordstrom and Neiman Marcus. They're also starting to introduce more emerging designer shop-in-shops in their spaces. You might be asking yourself, why do all these big guys care so much about emerging designers and emerging brands? It is the age of emerging designers and emerging brands. Consumers want newness. Retailers need to find newness. Find them by going to the brands not being sold everywhere else. Brands, don't be afraid to pitch those retailers, and retailers, keep your eyes and ears on the ground for these brand new designers. These designers are the ones that are going to drive the newness, the freshness, and help you attract a much stronger consumer base.
Pop-up shops will continue to rise, especially as we see the decline of storefronts closing on a national level. Recently, on a trip to New York, I was walking around the West Village and I saw so many empty storefronts, and I said to myself, 'What a great opportunity? What an amazing opportunity to be able to have a pop-up shop?' And the pop-shops are no longer just branded pop-up shops with a single brand. You're starting to see retailers open up satellite locations with other smaller brick-and-mortar spaces. This is an amazing opportunity if you are a small retailer or even a larger retailer and you're looking to get in front of and curate a smaller selection of products to that customer. Back in the day, J.Crew did a great job of that when they opened up their men's store. This was a little satellite store they had in New York City that was curated towards that particular man and towards that consumer. You will start to see more and more of that happen.
If you have difficulty or trouble or even want to run through your strategy and make sure you're honing in on the right market platforms, please do send us an email at hello@scalingretail.com. We work with amazing brands globally in terms of getting a strong market entry strategy together, making sure you've got the right communication voice, and harnessing on technologies for tomorrow that will impact your customers today.


Our Brokerage provides a variety of services, including the sale or purchase of a commercial property. We specialize in loans for Veterinary hospitals, Loans for Small Clinics, Day spas & gas stations. In some cases, certain businesses 10% down payment would be accepted.
Loan may be used for the following: Purchase of an existing building, land acquisition, ground up construction, Expansion of existing building. You may Finance building improvements and Purchase equipment.
Business net worth & Eligibility: Determined by industry type annual sales not to exceed range of $750,000 to $33.5 million for retail, service and agriculture.
Loan term up to 25 yrs for Real Estate and 10 yrs for equipment.
Loan structured min 10 yrs: Negotiable depending on risk factors.
Loan may be used for the following: Expand, acquire, purchase, refinance, construct leasehold, purchase inventory or buy equipment.
Both loan types require 51% owner occupancy for existing building, 60% owner occupancy required for new construction. All assets financed must be used to the direct benefit of the business, Collateral is the subject assets acquired by loan proceeds. Personal guaranties of the principal owners of 20% or more ownership are required. Management resume in addition to other documentation is required.


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Home/U.S. News/Could Immigration Enforcement 'Kate's Law' Prevent Murders Like Jamiel Shaw's
Could Immigration Enforcement 'Kate's Law' Prevent Murders Like Jamiel Shaw's
BCN Senior Editor June 30, 2017 U.S. News Comments Off on Could Immigration Enforcement 'Kate's Law' Prevent Murders Like Jamiel Shaw's
An illegal alien who'd been deported multiple times from the U.S. but returned, shot and killed tourist Kate Steinle in San Francisco two years ago.
On Thursday, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill known as "Kate's Law," which would raise the penalties for illegal aliens who've been deported but return to the country. The House also passed a bill that would bar so-called sanctuary cities and states from receiving federal taxpayers' money.
The U.S. Senate will now try to pass their versions of the bills. From Fox News:
President Trump called the bill's passage "good news" in a tweet, adding "House just passed #KatesLaw. Hopefully Senate will follow."
"Our job here is to make sure that those professionals have the tools that they need and the resources that they need to carry out their work and to protect our communities. That is what these measures are all about," added Ryan.
The brutal murder of Steinle catapulted the issue of illegal criminal aliens into the national spotlight. Alleged shooter Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez had been deported five times and had seven felony convictions.
On Wednesday, President Trump highlighted other cases during a White House meeting with more than a dozen families of people who had been victimized by illegal immigrants, including Jamiel Shaw Sr.
Shaw's 17-year-old son Jamiel was shot and killed by an illegal immigrant in California in March 2008.
People who don't want their country to enforce immigration laws that protect citizens called the move "anti-immigrant." The father of Jamiel Shaw, Jr., would disagree. A so-called "DREAMER" shot and killed his son in 2008.
Jamiel Shaw a Kate's law proponent: "for the president of the United States to pay attention to you, that's major." https://t.co/yGscRSpEiz pic.twitter.com/LL5UuDvwK1
— Fox News (@FoxNews) June 29, 2017
Also see: An Illegal Alien Killed This Man's Son – Here's What He Said About Liberals Booing Trump on Immigration Enforcement
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Dashboard Confessional will not be on the upcoming Summer Ever After Tour show at ACL Live, but the show will go on with All Time Low and gnash. Read Chris Carrabba's note to fans here.
In celebration of the upcoming tour, All Time Low recently shared their brand-new single "Everything Is Fine," which is available at DSPs. "Everything Is Fine" is the first new music to be released from All Time Low since the arrival of their seventh studio album, "LAST YOUNG RENEGADE," which landed among the Top 10 on the Billboard 200 last summer, marking an unprecedented fifth consecutive Top 10 album for the Baltimore, MD-based band. The album is highlighted by a string of singles and standout tracks, among them "Good Times," "Nice2KnoU," "Life Of The Party," "Last Young Renegade" "Dirty Laundry," and "Afterglow," all of which can be viewed now at the official Fueled By Ramen YouTube channel.
In addition to the upcoming Summer Ever After Tour, All Time Low are set for an additional series of summer live dates, including Chicago, IL's Lollapalooza (August 2nd) and a series of special California performances on the final run of Van's Warped (June 22nd - 24th). For tour updates and more, please visit alltimelow.com/tour.


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Current Documents
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Foundation to our belief
Pioneer Christian Auricht first settled the trading site of Langmeil where he planted what is understood to be the world's oldest surviving shiraz vineyard, believed planted in 1843.
Unfortunately, categorically proving the age of any old vineyard in the Barossa is rather difficult due to a lack of available records that pinpoint the planting of any particular block and the fact that the very term 'vineyard' was not in common use. As such the provenance of the Freedom vineyard has had to be gleaned from considerable research into the Auricht family history and broader colonial records.
The key to our understanding is the consistent use of the word 'Garden' to describe a vineyard. So integral is this to the Barossa's culture, that vineyards are still often called gardens by fourth, fifth and sixth generation Barossans, and until the 1980's 'gardener' was an official title for vineyard workers at various Barossa wineries.
In seeking further clarification, Valmai Hankel (awarded an Order Of Australia for "significant service to library and information services, particularly in South Australia, and to the wine industry as a writer") advised us that her own research had confirmed the same.
This is of particular significance in the context of the most comprehensive agricultural record available, the 1844 South Australian Almanac compiled by James Allen. This volume of 300 pages was produced just two years after the village of Langmeil was established and provides a complete directory, giving an account of all the land under cultivation and stock in the colony up to the close of 1843. Most pertinently on page 29 Allen writes;
"The grape succeeds everywhere, and as this fruit is of the greatest commercial importance – an acre being estimated to yield, after its sixth year, a profit of £200 per annum- it will not, perhaps, be out of place to give a more lengthened account of its most approved method of cultivation"
On page 248 Allen goes on to tell us that of the 12 families in the settlement of Langmeil, in addition to their other mixed crops, four had planted 'gardens', among them Christian Auricht, then owner of section 36 on which the Langmeil Winery now stands. Our confidence that this was indeed vineyard is reinforced by the fact that on his arrival in the colony Christian's occupation was listed as a blacksmith, yet by the time of his passing in 1860 his death certificate describes him as a farmer and vine grower.
Our belief is perhaps best summarised in correspondence again received from Valmai;
"Aurichts' occupation given on his death certificate as a vine grower, and the alignment and appearance of the old vines, all give strength to the validity of the claim. It certainly seems likely that these vines are the oldest shiraz still bearing in Australia. In any case, you have some extraordinarily old, and healthy looking vines, something to publicise and be proud of."