text:
Groundwater arsenic contamination in the Bengal Delta Plain is an important public health issue
A review
Jaydip Sen Department of Anthropology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-2844
Barry Bogin Loughborough University, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, LE11 3TU, UK
Nitish Mondal Department of Anthropology, Sikkim University, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India
Sima Dey Department of Anthropology, University of Calcutta, 35, B. C. Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
Shreysai Roy Department of Anthropology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
Keywords: public health, arsenic, groundwater, India, Bangladesh, Bengal Delta
There is a close association between human biology, epidemiology and public health. Exposure to toxic elements is one area of such associations and global concerns. The Bengal Delta Plain (BDP) is a region where contamination of ground water by arsenic has assumed epidemic proportions. Apart from dermatological manifestations, chronic exposure to arsenic causes a heavy toll through several carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic disorders. This article provides a global overview of groundwater arsenic contamination in the BDP region, especially the sources, speciation, and mobility of arsenic, and critically reviews the effects of arsenic on human health. The present review also provides a summary of comprehensive knowledge on various measures required for mitigation and social consequences of the problem of arsenic contaminated groundwater in the BDP region.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Jaydip Sen, Barry Bogin, Nitish Mondal, Sima Dey, Shreysai Roy


text:
Q: Heroku: Not Found & Process Exited I'm not sure how I can debug this. Running this ruby/sinatra/thin app locally I have no issues whatsoever. On Heroku however the app doesn't seem to load, says "Not Found.". I'm not sure how to make sense of the logs:
2013-03-20T22:27:41+00:00 heroku[api]: Enable Logplex by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:27:41+00:00 heroku[api]: Release v2 created by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:28:04+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info code= desc="Blank app" method=GET path=/ host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno= queue= wait= connect= service= status=502 bytes=
2013-03-20T22:28:05+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info code= desc="Blank app" method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno= queue= wait= connect= service= status=502 bytes=
2013-03-20T22:28:05+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info code= desc="Blank app" method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno= queue= wait= connect= service= status=502 bytes=
2013-03-20T22:37:08+00:00 heroku[slugc]: Slug compilation started
2013-03-20T22:37:59+00:00 heroku[api]: Scale to web=1 by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:37:59+00:00 heroku[api]: Add  config by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:37:59+00:00 heroku[api]: Release v3 created by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:38:00+00:00 heroku[api]: Release v4 created by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:38:00+00:00 heroku[api]: Deploy 0a18d12 by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:38:00+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `bundle exec rackup config.ru -p 33969`
2013-03-20T22:38:00+00:00 heroku[slugc]: Slug compilation finished
2013-03-20T22:38:01+00:00 app[web.1]: bash: bundle: command not found
2013-03-20T22:38:02+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 127
2013-03-20T22:38:09+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up
2013-03-20T22:38:19+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/ host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms connect=3ms service=79ms status=404 bytes=18
2013-03-20T22:38:21+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=13ms connect=12ms service=69ms status=404 bytes=18
2013-03-20T22:38:21+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms connect=2ms service=21ms status=404 bytes=18
2013-03-20T22:50:19+00:00 heroku[slugc]: Slug compilation started
2013-03-20T22:51:01+00:00 heroku[api]: Release v5 created by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:51:01+00:00 heroku[api]: Deploy e18aad6 by mymail@gmail.com
2013-03-20T22:51:01+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to starting
2013-03-20T22:51:02+00:00 heroku[slugc]: Slug compilation finished
2013-03-20T22:51:09+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up
2013-03-20T22:52:32+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/ host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=1ms connect=6ms service=11ms status=404 bytes=18
2013-03-20T22:52:33+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms connect=2ms service=5ms status=404 bytes=18
2013-03-20T22:52:33+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=1ms connect=4ms service=4ms status=404 bytes=18
2013-03-20T22:52:34+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/ host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms connect=4ms service=4ms status=404 bytes=18
2013-03-20T22:52:35+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms connect=12ms service=4ms status=404 bytes=18
2013-03-20T22:52:35+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path=/favicon.ico host=ancient-kings-2615.herokuapp.com fwd="92.225.106.224" dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=2ms connect=5ms service=4ms status=404 bytes=18

Any ideas?
Update 21.3.2013
my gemfile
source "http://rubygems.org"

# Sinatra
gem "rake"
gem "thin"
gem "sinatra", "~> 1.3.4"
gem "sinatra-contrib", "~> 1.3.1"
gem 'sinatra-assetpack', :require => 'sinatra/assetpack'

# Sass
gem "sass", "~> 3.2.1"

# Mailing related
gem "hominid", "~> 3.0.5"

# Google Analytics: UNCOMMENT IF DESIRED, THEN ADD YOUR OWN ACCOUNT INFO TO config.ru
#gem 'rack-google-analytics', "~> 0.9.2"

my config.ru
require 'rubygems'
require 'bundler'

Bundler.require

require './app.rb'
run Sinatra::Application

A: I cloned the repo but couldn't get it to work via rackup, which is what Heroku relies up to run an app. It did work when running the Sinatra app directly via Ruby. Here are the changes I made that got it to work with rackup:
config.ru
require 'rubygems'
require 'bundler'

Bundler.require

require File.expand_path 'app.rb', File.dirname(__FILE__)
run App

If you've subclassed, run the subclass, otherwise use Sinatra::Application
I also removed all the $:.unshifts that I found, as they're evil.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Svatý František Borgia (Francesco Borgia, někdy česky František Borgiáš, vlastním jménem Francisco de Borja y Aragon; 28. říjen 1510, Gandia, Španělsko – 30. září 1572, Řím) byl katolický kněz a člen jezuitského řádu; byl jedním z příkladných světců katolické reformy řeholních řádů 16. století a organizátor jihoamerických misií.

Životopis
Narodil se roku 1510 ve Španělsku jako syn vévody z Gandie. Vévodové z Gandie byli přímými potomky papeže Alexandra VI., který byl Františkovým pradědem. Po matce byl pravnukem krále Ferdinanda II. Aragonského. Vstoupil do diplomatické služby na dvoře španělského krále Karla V. Habsburského, kde poznal dvorní dámu královny a svou budoucí manželku Eleonoru de Castro, příbuznou z portugalského královského dvora, s níž měl osm dětí (Carlos, Isabel, João, Álvaro, Fernando, Afonso, Joana, Doroteia). Jeho syn João (Juan) byl koncem 16. století jedním ze španělských vyslanců v Praze, kde roku 1581 vydal knihu Empresas morales.

Když královna Isabela Portugalská po porodu v Toledu 1. května 1539 zemřela, František doprovázel její smuteční vůz s rakví až do Escorialua tam se zúčastnil otevření rakve. Otřesen pomíjivostí života rozhodl se svůj život proměnit a stát se řeholníkem. Vzápětí (24. června 1539) jej španělský král Karel V. jmenoval vicekrálem Katalánie, což vstup do řádu oddálilo, na jeho duchovní obrat zapůsobilo setkání s Ignácem z Loyoly, zakladatelem Tovaryšstva Ježíšova. Od té doby František praktikoval ignaciánské exercicie. Roku 1546, po smrti své manželky, začal studovat teologii a vstoupil tajně do řádu. Jeho rozhodnutí bylo zveřejněno až roku 1551, kdy byl vysvěcen na kněze. V letech 1554–1561 stál v čele jako provinciál španělské provincie Tovaryšstva. Při zakládání Collegia Romana, jezuitské vzdělávací instituce, která je předchůdcem dnešní Gregoriánské univerzity, spolupracoval se sv. Ignácem a sv. Františkem Xaverským. Patřil k prvním donátorům této koleje, jež poskytovala vzdělání a ubytování zdarma. Roku 1565 byl zvolen třetím generálem řádu jezuitů. Odmítl jmenování kardinálem.

V duchovní sféře byl vyznavačem kultu Panny Marie, šiřitelem kopií zázračných obrazů a podporovatelem laických mariánských sdružení. Dbal na podporu nemocných a umírajících v období morové epidemie.

Podporoval také misijní činnost svého řádu. Jako generální představený Tovaryšstva Ježíšova řád rozšířil a vyslal misionáře do Brazílie, Mexika, Peru, Moluk, Afriky, Floridy a na Kanárské ostrovy. Pomohl též papeži Piu V. jako agitátor při přesvědčování španělského, portugalského a francouzského královského dvora k diplomatickému sblížení a spojení vojenských sil pro tažení proti Osmanským Turkům. Ve Španělsku byl přijat, ve Francii nikoliv. Při této cestě onemocněl a na zpáteční cestě 1. října 1572 v Římě zemřel. Po smutečních obřadech v chrámě Il Gesú v Římě byla vystavena jeho posmrtná maska (dodnes je uložena v tamním muzeu) a tělo bylo přeneseno k pohřbu do jezuitského kostela v Madridu.

Kanonizován byl roku 1670 papežem Klementem X.

Ikonografie
František z Borgie bývá vyobrazen s charakteristickou fyziognomií, krátce střiženým plnovousem, v řádové sutaně jezuity, na hlavě s kvadrátkem, u nohou s odloženým kardinálským kloboukem, nebo také s knížecí korunou, s lebkou jako symbolem pomíjivosti pozemského života a s knihou řádových pravidel v ruce. V epických scénách se modlí před zemřelou královnou Isabelou, nebo u oltáře slouží mši a při pozdvihování kalicha se nad ním vznáší hostie ve svatozáři.

Patrocinium
František z Borgie je jedním ze 149 řádových patronů jezuitů, patronem Gandie, proti zemětřesení a proti moru. Jeho památka je připomínána 30. září, původně 10. a pak 1. října; v jezuitském řádu je připomínán 3. října.

Vyobrazení
 Alonso Cano: Sv. František Borgiáš v jezuitském oděvu s královskou korunou na lebce, olejomalba na plátně, (repro zde v liště)
 Antonio Palomino de Castro: Sv. František Borgiáš se modlí u zemřelé královny Isabelly a rozhoduje se vstoupit do duchovního stavu; olejomalba na plátně, konec 17. století (aukce)
 Francisco de Zurbarán: Portrétní figura sv. Františka z Brogie, olejomalba na plátně, Sevilla, Provinciální muzeum krásných umění
 Francisco Goya: Legendární scéna Obrácení umírajícího hříšníka; Madrid, sbírka Markýzy ze Santa Cruz
 Ferdinand Maxmilián Brokof: Socha sv. Františka Borgiáše mezi dvěma anděly s jeho atributy, pískovec, 1710, Praha, Karlův most, její návrhová kresba pochází od Jana Jiřího Heinsche
 František Baugut: Socha Sv. Františka Borgiáše, pískovec, 1740, mezi sochami před chrámem sv. Barbory v Kutné Hoře
 Jan Jiří Heinsch: Oltářní obraz Sv. František Borgiáš, olejomalba na plátně, po zrušení řádu jezuitů obraz přenesen do kostela sv. Prokopa v Praze Jinonicích, po jeho zboření do Národní galerie v Praze
 Jan Jiří Heinsch: Oltářní obraz Sv. František Borgiáš a jeho spolubratr hosty v chudé hospodě, světec medituje o duchovní podstatě života, pro který je důležitější pevná víra a morální bezúhonnost než sytý žaludek, olejomalba na plátně, z neurčeného jezuitského kláštera; dnes Galerie moderního umění, Roudnice nad Labem
 Jan Jiří Heinsch: Oltářní obraz Sv. František Borgiáš v modlitbě k Panně Marii, olejomalba na plátně, z chrámu sv. Barbory v Kutné Hoře; dnes České muzeum stříbra, Kutná Hora

František v literatuře
 Pedro Calderón de la Barca ztvárnil Borgiův životopis v dramatu El gran duque de Gandia.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 Procházka Jakob, Žiwot sw. Frantisska Borgie, Brno, Dědictwí sw. Cyrilla a Methodia 1860.
 Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie, Wolfgang Braunfels (ed.). Herder : Basel-Freiburg-Rom-Wien 1992, díl 6., s. 315-316.

 Ottův slovník naučný, díl IV., heslo Borgia Francesco

Související články
 Seznam světců a mučedníků katolické církve
 Svatý František

Externí odkazy

  Stručný životopis na stránkách české jezuitské provincie

Španělští římskokatoličtí duchovní
Španělští jezuité
František Borgia
Římskokatoličtí svatí
Vévodové z Gandie
Místokrálové Katalánska
Borgiové
Narození v roce 1510
Úmrtí v roce 1572
Muži
Narození 28. října
Úmrtí 30. září
Úmrtí v Římě
Pohřbení v Madridu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Le Berger anglais (en ) est une race de chien originaire des États-Unis.

Il descend des divers Colleys amenés en Amérique du Nord par les colons britanniques.

Depuis 1927, l'United Kennel Club (UKC) reconnaît la race  mais ce n'est pas le cas de l'American Kennel Club (AKC).

Notes et références

Race de chien originaire des États-Unis
Chien de berger


by Adam L Silvermanat8:50 pm on October 3, 2016 . It has 177 Comments.
I want to just add a strategic note to Tom' post from earlier today. There are actually several very good strategic reasons to publicize the upcoming Mosul campaign even as the official start day is not announced. The first is to actually use the Information(al) element of National Power to pressure ISIL to abandon Mosul rather than suffer the types of battlefield defeat that it did in Ramadi and Fallujah in Iraq and in parts of Syria where the US led Coalition is attriting ISIL's hold on actual territory. One of the first positive effects we're trying to achieve is to get a team of engineers, under Coalition protection, on site to shore up at the Mosul Dam full time before the rainy season starts as we move into Autumn. The sooner, and the easier it is to get the engineers on site full time the better. If the Mosul Dam goes, there is going to be a tremendous complication added to the Coalition's efforts in the region in terms of having to conduct humanitarian assistance and disaster management coupled with an increased flow of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) within Iraq and the impact on Iraqi agriculture, which is still not back to what it was prior to the 2003 invasion. This will be much easier if we don't have to fight our way to the dam or if we don't have to worry about ISIL blowing the damn to cover their retreat and complicate Coalition operations.
The second reason to use the publicity about an impending attack, to leverage Information Power, to achieve the theater strategic objective is to ramp up the PSYOPS component of the potential attack. ISIL's leadership is not stupid – they know an attack is coming to dig them out of Mosul. As a result they have to get their fighters on site in position and ready to fight. Sitting, day in and day out, waiting for an attack to come that doesn't occur that day, even when everyone knows that the attack is, eventually, going to happen, saps morale. You can only keep troops mentally focused for an upcoming fight for a limited amount of time before they start to loose their focus. Every day that we make clear that the fight is going to come, that the force applied will be overwhelming for the ISIL fighters trying to hold the city, and nothing happens that day, is a day that ISIL's fighters have spent mental focus waiting for an attack that will, but has not yet, come.
As a result of what we've learned from the campaigns to liberate Fallujah and Ramadi, the less actual fighting that has to take place to retake Mosul the better it will be for the city and its residents. So anything we can do to make it harder for ISIL to actually fight works to our advantage.
There are also two very important reasons rooted within Iraq's socio-cultural context. The first is that by making it clear that Coalition backed and supported Iraqi regular and irregular forces are going to bring overwhelming force to liberate Mosul, we are also leveraging Information Power to keep our Iraqi allies focused on their upcoming task. A repeated problem that was encountered by US and Coalition Forces going back to 2004 was that it was often hard to get the Iraqis to show up, and if they did show up to actually fight. There were several reasons for this. For instance, in Anbar Province in 2005-2006 we had lined up Sunni tribal fighters to be trained to fight with Coalition Forces against al Qaeda in Iraq. However, there was a logistical delay getting these local forces to the training site. During that delay their villages had been hit by al Qaeda in Iraq and as a result our potential new local allies decided they had to go home and protect their kin. As a result we lost an opportunity to build a more cohesive, local irregular force to work with throughout the region.
At other times we've spent a lot of time and money working with and training Iraqi Security Forces who, while they did fine in practice, would balk when the time came for them to apply force for real. I watched this personally one week in 2008 when I was working with my brigade's Military Training Team (MiTT). Reports came in the night we arrived to embed with the MiTT of an attack on some Iraqis. The MiTT leader tried to get the Iraqi Army battalion commander he was working with to respond, but he wouldn't. The next morning, however, we quickly had to gear up and get on the road to follow this Iraqi Army battalion as they rushed from their base to the middle of nowhere to see what had happened – 14 hours after the attack was reported. What you're seeing in the US led Coalition's publicizing the upcoming campaign to liberate Mosul is an attempt to use the other edge of Information Power to keep our Iraqi allies focused and ensure that when the day comes to begin that offensive they are ready and able to do so. I can not emphasize enough the damage that Saddam Hussein's tyrannical government did to Iraqi confidence in their ability to accomplish things as Iraqis, especially military operations. A great deal of our partnering, advising, training, and assisting has been not just teaching the how of soldiering or policing, but also the less tangible and harder to inculcate why to do so – including building morale and esprit de corps.
Finally, the last reason to publicize the upcoming campaign to liberate Mosul is related to the need to keep the Iraqi Security Forces and irregular forces on actually going through with the campaign. As you can see in the map images below, Mosul is very close to the areas that are currently part of the autonomous areas of Iraqi Kurdistan (the Kurdish Autonomous Area). And Mosul is an ethnically mixed city – it has both Sunni Arabs and (Sunni) Kurds living together in proximity. If you look at Map 1, you can see where the Iraqi Kurds were able to extend their lines by the end of 2013/beginning of 2014.
As you can see in Map 1, by the late Winter of 2014 the Iraqi Kurds had extended their lines beyond Iraqi Kurdistan to the areas of Iraq that the Iraqi Kurds have claimed, and want added to Iraqi Kurdistan. Most important among these is the city and province of Kirkuk, but Mosul is also historically important for the Iraqi Kurds. Map 2, below, shows the distribution of Iraqi Kurds as an ethnic group in Northeastern Iraq and the boundaries of Iraqi Kurdistan.
Mosul and Tikrit are contested areas between Iraq's Arabs and Kurds. In 2008 I was told repeatedly by both Sunni and Shi'a tribal and religious leaders (sheikhs and imams) across Central Iraq that the one thing that would definitely make Iraq's Sunni and Shi'a Arabs cooperate was if the Iraqi Kurds took Kirkuk. Now this was in the 2008 context as opposed to the 2013-2014 context of the Iraqi Peshmerga fighting against ISIL and establishing their forward lines at the farthest points out from Iraqi Kurdistan that they could hold territory against ISIL. However, the Government of Iraq is dominated by Arabs not Kurds. As are the Iraqi Security Forces, though a significant portion of the Iraqi Army is made up of Iraqi Kurdish Peshmerga. So here too we are trying to leverage Information Power to keep the pressure on the Government of Iraq and the Iraqi Security Forces to go and liberate a city that is ethnically mixed and that is contested between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds. The intention here is to ensure that Iraqi Arab regular and irregular forces show up and fight to liberate a city that may wind up under Kurdish control in the future. This is not necessarily an easy task, so leveraging Information Power to ensure the campaign actually happens is important.
It is this strategic nuance of National Power (Diplomatic, Information, Military, and Economic/the DIME), and how to leverage it that neither Donald Trump nor his advisors seem to understand. Moreover, it demonstrates a lack of understand of the theater strategic contexts in which US and Coalition Forces are working in Iraq. We already have a real world/real time example of what happens when the strategic regional context is not taken into before a major operation is undertaken in the Levant: the 2003 US invasion of Iraq. While the element of surprise may be tactically important, the strategic ability to leverage Information Power to one's advantage is also a very important tool that should be used whenever possible.
This post is in Foreign Affairs, Military, Politics, Silverman on Security, War and has 177 Comments.
by Adam L Silvermanat3:08 pm on September 8, 2016 . It has 71 Comments.
Interestingly enough Judicial Watch FOIAed Vice President Cheney's Energy Working Group back in 2002 and before Vice President Cheney shut the release of records off this was one of the items released. I first heard about this map in 2003 or 2004 when Greg Palast was interviewed by Keith Olbermann. Palast is a forensic accountant and had, himself, been looking into VP Cheney's Energy Working Group. He came across the map as a result and eventually wrote the whole thing up as a chapter in his book Armed Madhouse.
But what's really important about this map is its history. So let me tell you a story… In the early part of the 20th Century, around 1912 or so, a young Armenian citizen of the soon to be defunct Ottoman Empire was becoming a major player in the early petroleum industry. His name was Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, but he is better know as Mr. Five Percent. Gulbenkian basically established what would become the Iraqi petroleum sector – his fee/reward for doing so was a 5% stake, hence his nickname. The map above is a representation of the estimates of where Iraq's oil was, updated to include where exploration has happened. But compare it to Map 1 – you'll notice the exploratory blocks are missing. There's a reason for that. And that, my friends, is where the story really gets interesting.
Gulbenkian got 5% and the Seven Sisters Oil Company and their early controlling interests, which would eventually evolve into OPEC, got 95% of the rights to exploration. This was all part of something called the Red Line Agreement and Map divvying up the Middle East's oil. Part of the little known history is that a decision was made, based on the exploratory blocks in Map 2, to keep Iraq's oil in the ground. Palast details this history in his book, but the decision was made to treat Iraq like a strategic oil reserve.
When my teammates and I were getting ready to deploy to Iraq, but before we left training and attached to our Brigade Combat Team (BCT), we went through three different initial cultural preps of the operating environment. This was because they kept moving where they were sending the BCT (third time was the charm!). Initially we were going to Salah al Din Province, near some of the denoted oil fields in Map 1. And this is where I started paying attention to Map 2 as something other than a curiosity. One of my research managers had found an expatriate Iraqi, now a US citizen, with PhDs in agricultural and civil engineering who had worked for Saddam Hussein as the lead on various projects, including some dealing with the petroleum sector. He ran afoul of Saddam, was imprisoned, then Saddam – being capricious – changed his mind and rehabilitated him. Our source, smartly, made plans to flee as soon as he could. And he did so successfully. He graciously agreed to meet with the team so we could pick his brain. One of the questions we were able to ask was about Map 2. Was it legit? Was the bulk of Iraq's oil really along the western border with Saudi Arabia? Was the history of Mr. Five Percent accurate? Things like that. Our source informed us the map was accurate, that the Iraqi Oil Ministry had always known that the bulk of their reserves were along the western border, and that was not where any of the actual exploitation of the resources were being done. He also confirmed that the decision to use Iraq's oil as a strategic reserve from before it was an independent state (and before there was an OPEC) was also correct and that OPEC did, indeed, limit Iraq and Iran to not producing more oil than the other in any given year. This last requirement was supposed to tamp down the historic rivalry, but seems to have made it worse.
Why is any of this important? Quite simply its because the actual bulk of Iraq's oil is in the western areas of Iraq. Specifically in Anbar Province. The Sunni tribes, who first fought us, then allied with us after the Sawha/Awakenings, control Anbar. The other western provinces of Iraq – Najaf and Muthanna are primarily Shi'a – including the holy sites and religious academy in Najaf. The people of these three provinces are sitting on a (black) gold mine. Given that there is virtually no active exploitation in the exploratory blocks along Iraq's western border, taking Iraq's oil isn't just a matter of putting the entire operational US Army on the ground to protect the petroleum workers that are going to pump it out and then the oil's transport out of Iraq. It would require building an entire new set of extraction infrastructure in a hostile environment – both physically and societally hostile to such efforts. And that is provided Map 2, after 100 years, is still accurately indicating where Iraq's oil is. An additional concern is that a lot of Iraqi oil is not suitable for gasoline production as it is not light sweet crude. Rather it has large amounts of sulfur and other compounds in it that make it expensive to convert to anything but heating/fuel oil. This is largely what the refinery at Baiji is producing when its running.
This post is in Election 2016, Energy Policy, Open Thread, Politics, Silverman on Security and has 71 Comments.
The Battle for Fallujah (Has Once Again) Begun!
by Adam L Silvermanat10:09 pm on May 22, 2016 . It has 76 Comments.
Earlier today, which is already tomorrow in Iraq, Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al Abadi announced that Iraqi Forces (regular Iraqi Army and [most likely the National] Police, as well as irregular forces from the sectarian and tribal militias) had begun their operations to retake Fallujah. From the Iraqi perspective, specifically the Iraqi leadership's perspective, this is necessary to take the remaining Islamic State pressure off of Baghdad. This is because Baghdad as the seat of government is the core of Iraq for the Iraqi leadership, whether it makes strategic, operational, or tactical sense.
What should be of great concern to everyone is whether the fate of Fallujah is similar to that of Ramadi. The Iraqis retook it, but it was reduced to rubble. And as Major Mohammed Hussein, a member of the counter-terrorism battalion that was first into Ramadi at the start of the offensive remarked: "All they (Islamic State) leave is rubble. You can't do anything with rubble." Islamic State has, apparently, mined and wired explosives throughout Fallujah as they did in Ramadi and there is a large civilian population trapped within the city and behind the enemy lines. The Iraqi's have conducted an Information Operation informing these civilians to fly white flags from their buildings so they won't be targeted by the Iraqi Forces. Unfortunately if they do so they will be targeted by the Islamic State Forces for collaboration.
* Image from Voice of America.
This post is in Foreign Affairs, Silverman on Security, War on Terror aka GSAVE® and has 76 Comments.
https://www.balloon-juice.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/balloon_juice_header_logo_grey.jpg 0 0 Adam L Silverman https://www.balloon-juice.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/balloon_juice_header_logo_grey.jpg Adam L Silverman2016-05-22 22:09:262016-09-20 12:56:18The Battle for Fallujah (Has Once Again) Begun!
by Adam L Silvermanat12:07 am on May 1, 2016 . It has 129 Comments.
Yesterday a large number of Iraqi Shi'a stormed into the Green Zone in protest and occupied the Iraqi Parliament. The immediate driver of this activity was a call by Muqtada al Sadr for the Iraqi Parliament to actually convene and take a vote on pending legislation to force Iraqi Prime Minister al Abadi to replace ministers with non-partisan technocrats. The real cause of the unrest is with the way power is currently portioned out within the Iraqi government, which is partially done by sectarian allotment among Sunni Arabs, Shi'a Arabs, and Kurds. When the current Iraqi government's institutions and structures were being rebuilt one of the reforms was a very, very soft form of consociational (confessional) representation. Perhaps the best known example of this type of system is in Lebanon where certain numbers of seats in the Lebanese Parliament and certain ministerial and military positions are reserved for members of specific Lebanese sects in order to force power sharing, compromise, and the creation of a functional civil space among the often hostile and antagonistic Lebanese sects.
Iraq's system isn't a full consociational system as the elections to Parliament are based on party lists, not sectarian quotas regarding seats. Though in practice the party lists have produced a Shi'a majority bloc, with both Kurdish, Sunni, and mixed sectarian minority blocs within the Iraqi Parliament. Iraq's consociational system instead focuses on having some ministerial positions allotted in a consociational manner to force power sharing and compromise. It has, unfortunately, not always worked effectively, and has been a source of serious contention, and a conduit for corruption. One of Prime Minister al Abadi's goals has been the reform of this system by transitioning it away from consociationalism based on sectarian confession (Shi'a and Sunni) and ethnicity (Kurd) and towards a technocratic form of government. Unfortunately this has been stalled out; largely because those currently benefiting from the consociational system don't want to give up those benefits so the legislation is stalled and a quorum cannot be produced in Parliament. The longer it drags on, the more the frustration grows. And today a lot of that boiled over. The good news is that the Iraqi Security Forces are not treating this as a type of activity that requires a counterterrorism response. This is a very good sign and watching the response of the Iraqi Security Forces and the Interior Ministry will provide us with important information going forward.
This post is in Enhanced Protest Techniques, Foreign Affairs, Politics, Religion, Silverman on Security and has 129 Comments.


text:
Life in Turkey
ISTANBUL IS THE 8TH MOST POPULAR CITY IN THE WORLD
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Created:07.09.2019, 09.41
Updated:19.08.2022, 06.04
Istanbul city, Turkey is No. 8 on the top 10 most popular cities for international travel in the world in 2018, as published by CNN Travel. According to CNN Travel, 13.40 million international overnight visitors are recorded in Istanbul for the year 2018.
What Makes Istanbul Among the "Top 10 Most Popular Cities in the World" list?
Searching for answers to this question is obvious and right before your eyes the moment you step into this amazing city.
Perfect Culture, Diverse History & Unique Architecture
No wonder the city of a rich history of around 8.500 years, remains one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and number one on many traveler's agendas for places to visit and explore.
Being divided between two continents makes it a city of a mixture of cultures. A city that combines between Western culture and Eastern culture. Wandering on its ancient streets and alleys is literally going back on a time where great civilizations once lived.
Where to Go and What to See in the City of Istanbul?
Sultanahmet: The region is often the first port of call for visitors to Turkey. Sultanahmet is surrounded by the old city wall that was built by Constantine the Great, and it represents Constantinople. It is the perfect neighborhood in the city for history lovers and first-time visitors, as it hosts Istanbul's main attractions.
Beyoğlu: This district is quite big, and it contains many other smaller neighborhoods and famous squares such as Galata, Karaköy, Taksim square, and tophane.
Ortaköy: This is one of the liveliest neighborhoods that almost never sleeps; With its old buildings that show the fine architecture. It is one of the unique quarters of Istanbul that shows the harmony the city has between different cultures, beliefs, and religions where Ortaköy Camii (mosque) stands alongside with Etz Ahayim Synagogue.
The European Side: There are other districts in the European side that represent the modern part of the city and are considered the new Istanbul such as, to mention few, Levent, Maslak, Başakşehir, Bahçeşehir, Beylikdüzü, Büyükçekmece, Küçükçekmece, and Avcılar.
The Anatolian Side: This part of the city is more residential than touristic, and recently it is witnessing an infrastructure and urbanization movement.
The diversity of Turkish culture is also represented in its language. The Turkish language is composed of many loanwords mainly from Arabic, Persians, English, and French.
This diversity also is reflected in the different lifestyles you may encounter in the city. As wandering in some districts may bring a European atmosphere, while wandering in a different neighborhood will present the essence of the eastern culture in all aspects, clothes, food, and even words!
Sultan Ahmet, Beyoğlu, Kadıköy, Üsküdar are some of its famous neighborhood that represents the old times of Istanbul.
The On-Going Development in Employment, Education & Health sectors
In recent years and due to many external factors, mainly political unrest in neighboring countries, the demand for many social services has increased. More educational, medical, residential services are required to cope with the new changes the city is facing.
As a result, Istanbul still goes through huge infrastructure development. New public transportation routes are added, and still, more to come. Many real estate projects that feature modern designs are built and new projects are to be built.
The education sector also has developed with the emergence of new international and Arab schools. As a foreigner living in Istanbul, you can easily choose among different school options that suits your children. Besides, many companies have been established to provide educational services and promote higher education in Turkish universities.
Healthcare in Turkey in general and Istanbul, in particular, has developed drastically as well. Turkey is considered one of the leading medical services providers especially in plastic surgery, and it has treated thousands of patients from specifically the Middles East, and other countries. The health care system is continuously growing and is striving to provide the best services.
The above developments have opened the door to new and many job opportunities, as well as new business & investment ideas. The facilities the government has given to foreigners made it easier to have new foreign businesses in Istanbul.
The Development in Real Estate and Constructions
Istanbul real estate market is one of the promising markets in Europe. Strategically located as a bridge between Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia, Istanbul offers great opportunities for real estate developers and investors.
Also, the fact that the Turkish government is continuously encouraging foreign investors to buy and invest in Turkey, makes Istanbul a fertile land for foreign real estate investments.
What attracts foreign buyers as well, is having the opportunity to get Turkish citizenship by buying a property that worth 250.000 USD or above. Also, receiving other facilities on Tax redemption, such as VAT, makes it an advantage to purchase in Turkey rather than any other country.
Istanbul offers varieties of properties, and with considerably affordable prices compared with other European cities. It is also worth mentioning that due to the drop in the Turkish currency, many foreigners are now able to purchase properties in Turkey.
This led the way to the flourishment of real estate and construction companies. Alongside the facilities that the government is providing the foreigners, real estate investment has flourished as well.
More Information About Istanbul
• The Most Popular Areas to Buy a Property in Istanbul: When it comes to property buyer leagues, Istanbul is always top of the charts in Turkey. We have listed the most lucrative regions of Istanbul in this news.
•Visit The Best Ottoman Palaces in Istanbul: Although Turkey has many attractions and landmarks scattered across the country, some of the most iconic is the elaborate Ottoman palaces in Istanbul. Explore the Ottoman Palaces.
• Neighborhoods in Istanbul That You Should Visit: Neighborhoods in Istanbul, the country's largest and busiest city, are an alternative travel experience that gives great insight into daily life.
• The Best Museums to See in Istanbul: Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, is also the top-visited tourist destination. From history to art, to weird and absurd, you can see it all in Istanbul.
• The Best Places to Visit in Sultanahmet: The Sultanahmet district of Istanbul is the heart of the old city, where rulers of the Ottoman and Byzantine empires made momentous decisions. Discover the old city part of Istanbul.
•Where to Buy Property in Istanbul?: For foreigners, deciding where to buy property in Istanbul can be a conundrum. In this article, we looked at places that are driving Istanbul's real estate market.
I was born in Antalya, a charming Mediterranean city in Turkey. After graduating from high school, I started studying ...
ZEAITER Mohamed
En effet Istanbul est e ville magnifique et insaisissable, notamment au niveau de l'immobilier qui ne cesse d'augmenter au niveau des prix. D'ailleurs les prix des appartements ont augmenté de manière exceptionnelle. Elle demeure l'une des plus belles villes du monde, si ce n'est La Plus Belle Ville.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Simple bar-chart with y-axis in percent I need to draw several but very similiar horizontal and vertical bar charts like the ones I show at the end. They are very simple even primitive to do in libreoffice Calc or Excel but none of the solutions I found so far in the internet do exactly what I want. Even going through the pgfplots manual did not help me in the end. The closest I got was from code I read here and that I think should be possible to adjust to get the solution.
The differences are first: that the data here are calculated into percentages whereas I want to type in percentage values right away; second: that I think there is no need to write the values on top of each bar and third: that the Name of the scenarios should be placed in the middle of the two bars (like in the picture).

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\begin{document}

\pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma,header=false]{
Category 1,6,0,0
Category 2,2,2,0
Category 3,3.5,2.5,4
}\data

\pgfplotstablecreatecol[
create col/expr={
    \thisrow{1} + \thisrow{2} + \thisrow{3}
}
]{sum}{\data}

\pgfplotsset{
percentage plot/.style={
    point meta=explicit,
every node near coord/.append style={
    align=center,
    text width=1cm
},
    nodes near coords={
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro\iszero{\originalvalue==0}
    \ifnum\iszero=0
        \pgfmathprintnumber{\originalvalue}$\,\%$\\ \pgfmathprintnumber[fixed zerofill,precision=1]{\pgfplotspointmeta}
    \fi},
nodes near coords align=vertical,
    yticklabel=\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\,$\%$,
    ymin=0,
    ymax=100,
    enlarge y limits={upper,value=0.18},
visualization depends on={y \as \originalvalue}
},
percentage series/.style={
    table/y expr=\thisrow{#1}/\thisrow{sum}*100,table/meta=#1
}
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis on top,
width=10cm,
percentage plot,ybar,bar width=0.75cm,
enlarge x limits=0.25,
symbolic x coords={Category 1,Category 2,Category 3},
xtick=data
]
\addplot table [percentage series=1] {\data};
\addplot table [percentage series=2] {\data};
\addplot table [percentage series=3] {\data};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

A: In the following, you can directly enter the percentage values.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\begin{document}

\pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma,header=false]{
Scenarios Election,60,10,30
Biology,20,55,22
Shell Game,35,25,40
}\data

\pgfplotstablecreatecol[
create col/expr={
    \thisrow{1} + \thisrow{2} + \thisrow{3}
}
]{sum}{\data}

\pgfplotsset{
percentage plot/.style={
    point meta=explicit,
every node near coord/.append style={
    align=center,
    text width=1cm
},
    nodes near coords={
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro\iszero{\originalvalue==0}
    \ifnum\iszero=0
        \pgfmathprintnumber{\originalvalue}$\,\%$\\ \pgfmathprintnumber[fixed zerofill,precision=1]{\pgfplotspointmeta}
    \fi},
nodes near coords align=vertical,
    yticklabel=\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\,$\%$,
    ymin=0,
    ymax=100,
    enlarge y limits={upper,value=0},
visualization depends on={y \as \originalvalue}
},
percentage series/.style={
    table/y expr=\thisrow{#1},table/meta=#1
}
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis on top,
width=10cm,
ylabel=Responses in Percent,
xlabel=Scenario,
percentage plot,
ybar=0pt,
bar width=0.75cm,
enlarge x limits=0.25,
symbolic x coords={Scenarios Election, Biology, Shell Game},
xtick=data
]
\addplot table [percentage series=1] {\data};
\addplot table [percentage series=2] {\data};
\addplot table [percentage series=3] {\data};
\legend{mono,multi,many}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Cleaned up version will be as below:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\begin{document}

\pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma,header=false]{
Scenarios Election,60,10
Biology,20,55
Shell Game,35,25
}\data

\pgfplotsset{
percentage plot/.style={
    point meta=explicit,
nodes near coords align=vertical,
    yticklabel=\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\,$\%$,
    ymin=0,
    ymax=100,
    enlarge y limits={upper,value=0},
visualization depends on={y \as \originalvalue}
},
percentage series/.style={
    table/y expr=\thisrow{#1},table/meta=#1
}
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis on top,
width=10cm,
ylabel=Responses in Percent,
xlabel=Scenario,
percentage plot,
ybar=0pt,
bar width=0.75cm,
enlarge x limits=0.25,
symbolic x coords={Scenarios Election, Biology, Shell Game},
xtick=data
]
\addplot table [percentage series=1] {\data};
\addplot table [percentage series=2] {\data};
\legend{mono,multi}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

And the xbar:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\begin{document}

\pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma,header=false]{
Scenarios Election,60,10
Biology,20,55
Shell Game,35,25
}\data

\pgfplotsset{
percentage plot/.style={
    point meta=explicit,
    xticklabel=\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\,$\%$,
    xmin=0,
    xmax=100,
    enlarge x limits={upper,value=0},
visualization depends on={x \as \originalvalue}
},
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis on top,
width=10cm,
xlabel=Responses in Percent,
ylabel=Scenario,
percentage plot,
xbar=0pt,
bar width=0.75cm,
enlarge y limits=0.25,
every axis y label/.append style={yshift=1.8cm},
symbolic y coords={Scenarios Election, Biology, Shell Game},
ytick=data
]
\addplot table [x index = 1, y index = 0] {\data};
\addplot table [x index = 2, y index = 0] {\data};
\legend{mono,multi}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Without percentage signs and variable y range:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\begin{document}

\pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma,header=false]{
Scenarios Election,6,2,3
Biology,1,5,2
Shell Game,2,4,3
}\data

\pgfplotsset{
percentage plot/.style={
    point meta=explicit,
    yticklabel=\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick},
    ymin=0,
    ymax=7,
    enlarge y limits={upper,value=0},
visualization depends on={y \as \originalvalue}
},
percentage series/.style={
    table/y expr=\thisrow{#1},table/meta=#1
}
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis on top,
width=10cm,
ylabel=Responses in Percent,
xlabel=Scenario,
percentage plot,
ybar=0pt,
bar width=0.75cm,
enlarge x limits=0.25,
symbolic x coords={Scenarios Election, Biology, Shell Game},
xtick=data
]
\addplot table [percentage series=1] {\data};
\addplot table [percentage series=2] {\data};
\addplot table [percentage series=3] {\data};
\legend{mono,multi,many}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}


Description: Corporate and clean, with a splash of sophistication. This brochure we designed for Bangkok's B-Accounting communicates just that. With lots of white space and a simple design, the brochure is easy to read for prospective clients. You'll also notice elements from the logo were used in the brochure's color and blue shapes that outline the images of the riverside and businesswomen.


text:
Acanthodactylus ahmaddisii est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Lacertidae.

Répartition
Cette espèce est endémique du Nord-Ouest de la Jordanie.

Étymologie
Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur d'Ahmad Disi.

Publication originale
 Werner, 2004 : A new species of the Acanthodactylus pardalis group (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from Jordan. Zoology in the Middle East, , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Saurien (nom scientifique)
Lacertidae
Faune endémique de Jordanie