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in Indian architecture & Heritage, travel 16 comments tags: achyutharaya, ancient, anegundi, blog, boulder, bukka, dynasty, gopan, gopan g nair, gops, gops photography, gops.org, hakka, hampi, Hazararama, hill, india, karnataka, krishnadevaraya, malyavanta, mathanga, photography, Purandara Dasa, ruins, talikota, temple, tuluva, tungabhadra, Vijayanagara, vittala, war
HAMPI, WHERE RUINS COME ALIVE !
VITTALA TEMPLE, HAMPI
A river constitutes the blood and veins of a country. Most of the ancient civilizations formed and developed on the banks of rivers and so was the history of Vijayanagara empire. Once you dig deep into the history of this place, it turns to folklore and refers back to mythology as well.
The river Pampa was the lifeline of a great civilization that existed in the southern state of Karnataka in India. Traces of early settlements could be found on the Northern side of river (Anegundi) that points to the epic Ramayana and the monkey kingdom Kishkindha. Read about Anegundi here >>
TUNGABHADRA (PAMPA) RIVER FLOWING BETWEEN HAMPI AND ANEGUNDI
Southern banks of the river witnessed a series of battles and events that date back to the period of Emperor Ashoka (3rd century BC). Kannada word Hampe was derived from Pampa and in turn called Hampi due to British influence.
River Pampa is known as Tungabhadra now, which still flows silently between the ruins of Vijayanagara empire. That arouses the curiosity of every traveler. What would have led to the decline of such a great empire ?
Tunga & Bhadra rivers originate from Western Ghats, pass through the plains of Karnataka until they merge together 150 Kms down east, and continues its journey for another 530 Kms before it joins Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh. A dam in Tungabhadra river at Hospet near Hampi generates electricity and irrigates the adjoining villages.
The current day Hampi belongs to Bellary district in Karnataka, situated near to the industrial city, Hospet . Hampi has been declared as a UNESCO World Heritage site. All kinds of accommodations are available in Hospet, Kamalapur or Hampi . There are some decent restaurants around the Virupaksha temple.
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE, HAMPI. SEEN FROM THE TOP OF MATANGA HILL
THE HISTORY OF HAMPI
Vijayanagara Kingdom was under the constant threat from Mughal invaders from the North, but its strategic location between the mighty river and the hills had its own advantage.
In the early days, Hampi was occupied by the Kampli rulers until the Mughal ruler Muhammed bin Tughluq conquered it in 1327 AD. Two brave local chieftains, Hakka (Harihara) & Bukka turned rebels and re-captured the Kingdom from the Mughals and established their local capital on the southern banks of Pampa river . They named the new empire Vijayanagara or 'the city of victory' and became the founders of this great Kingdom at Hampi. (There is also a version that says the city was named Vidyanagara in memory of their guru Vidyaranya). Over the next 200 plus years (1336 AD – 1565 AD) it passed through the hands of Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, Yadavas and Pandyas until it came under the rule of Vijayanagara. Four dynasties ruled over Vijayanagara viz., Sangama Dynasty (1336-1490), Saluva Dynasty (1490-1509), Tuluva Dynasty (1503-1570) and Aravidu Dynasty (1565-1646). King Krishna Deva Raya of Tuluva Dynasty ruled from 1509 to 1530, which is believed to be the Golden Period of Vijayanagara empire. He had to wage over a dozen wars and won every one of them.
BEAUTIFUL VIEW OF HAMPI AND ITS GREEN SURROUNDINGS. AS SEEN FROM THE TOP OF MATHANGA HILL
A Portuguese traveller & horse trader named Domingos Paes had visited Vijayanagara Empire sometime back in 1520, during Krishnadevaraya's reign. He climbed on top of the tallest hill (probably Mathanga hill) in the region to have a glimpse of the entire Kingdom and compared it with Rome in his travelogues. His detailed descriptions give an insight into the fortified city, thriving art, cultural events, magnificent temples, busy markets and the royal enclaves.
Krishnadevaraya was not only an ideal ruler, but an accomplished scholar and poet as well. His works still find a place in current day literature. He was the mastermind behind most of the architectural wonders that remain even today. Vijayanagara rulers even sent their ambassadors to countries like China to promote export and import of goods. The glory and grandeur of Vijaynagar was known across Asian subcontinent, parts of Europe and Middle East as well. During his period there were magnificent bazaars where people used to sell pearls, rubies, emeralds, and diamonds lavishly on the street. Those bazaar streets remain deserted in Hampi with only a few street vendors selling fruits, and a few cows & monkeys sneak around to snatch those.
COURTESAN'S STREET UNDER THE FOOTHILLS OF MATHANGA, WHERE THEY USED TO SELL JEWELS, PEARLS & ORNAMENTS
WHO PLACED THAT ROCK THERE ? MYSTERY OF BOULDERS AT HAMPI
It is interesting to notice the connection of Hampi with Ramayana. Several places in an around Hampi still carry those names mentioned in Ramayana. The landscape around Hampi looks bizarre, filled with miles and miles of boulders. Yes, heaps of them covering the hills and valleys; sometimes stacked one above the other and balanced perfectly and it arouses the curiosity of every spectator. Geologists say that this phenomenon could be an effect of millions and millions of years of exposure to natural forces. Continuous heating and cooling by sun, wind & rains could have made the rocks to crumble down. And years of erosion could have wiped away the sand particles between them. Somehow the precisely balanced rocks still remains a mystery.
WHO PLAYED THAT BALANCING GAME ?
Mythology has another explanation for this though. It is believed that the area surrounding Hampi and Anegundi belonged to the so called Monkey Kingdom (Kishkindha) mentioned in Hindu holy scripture Ramayana. Rishimukh hill, Anjaneya hill, Mathanga hill etc. were the dwelling places of monkey kings Vali (Bali), Sugreeva, Hanuman and others. The rock formations are believed to be the work of monkey fighters testing their strength. Local people will be happy to show you the place where Hanuman met Rama & Lakshmana during their search for Sita and the place where Vali & Sugriva fought their final battle. The significance of Ramayana is evident from a large number of motifs and temples seen around the area.
During the rule of Rama Raya, Vijayanagara empire was in constant conflict with the Muslim rulers. In 1565, the famous battle of Talikota was fought between Rama Raya's army and the alliance troop of four Deccan Sultans . At the end of a fierce battle, Rama Raya was beheaded, the Muslim army ransacked the entire city, looted the Hindu temples, damaged the idols & massacred the people. An account of the events pointed out that the robbery continued for over six months to empty the wealth of that mighty empire. The magnificent empire was plundered and never recovered its ancient splendour.
Now, let's go for a stroll around Hampi. The entire area is spread across 26 square kilometers and it cannot be covered within a day or two. Be prepared for a long trek, carry enough water and snacks. You can also rent a moped or bicycle to go around the ruins. By the way, beware of those mischievous monkeys; they are experts in stealing your food and belongings.
I HAD AN ENCOUNTER WITH THIS DEADLY COBRA DURING THE TREK. WATCH YOUR STEP. TAKE CARE
Hampi is the dream land of every photographer. Be it the ruins, temples, landscapes or street life, Hampi has everything. The pictures displayed here were captured during multiple visits and different seasons. Capturing that perfect image in your mind involves a lot of dedication, hard work and patience too.
I often come across hundreds of tourists affected by selfie-mania, who are fond of getting their 'selfies' clicked in front of that half-broken idol or while clinging onto the temple-ruins.
I do respect and support an individual's interest to certain extend, but please keep in mind that Hampi is a pilgrimage place too. Kindly give respect to art and religious sentiments of the people.
A TALE OF TAILS FROM THE MONKEY KINGDOM
MONKEY STYLE KUNGFU ! MIND THOSE NAUGHTY MONKEYS.
Watching sunrise from the top of Mathanga hill is an unforgettable experience. I got up early and reached the Hampi Bazaar street by 5:30 AM. It was still dark when I crossed the street, walked past the Nandi bull statue and continued on the unpaved path towards Achyutharaya temple. The sky was very colourful and the moon was smiling at me from far above.
ON THE WAY TO MATHANGA HILLS BEFORE SUN RISE
THE TREACHEROUS TRAIL LEADING TO MATHANGA PEAK
I reached the foothills of Mathanga in 15-20 minutes and located the narrow trail leading to the top with the help of my torch. It was indeed a treacherous route, the steps were damaged in many places and the stray rock clusters started hurting my feet. Please watch your step .
I soon realized that the sandals I wore did not have enough grip and I should have brought a trekking shoe instead. There is no proper safety standards maintained anywhere and you are at your own risk.
Somehow, I reached the top of the peak in 20 minutes and the sun was just rising behind the rocky horizon.
It was indeed a spectacular scene and I started capturing the sights in all the directions. Mathanga is the tallest point on the Southern side of Tungabhadra river. From the top, you could see Achyutharaya temple, Courtesan's street, Virupaksha temple and the river. These views are breathtakingly beautiful.
SPECTACULAR VIEW OF SUN RISE FROM MATHANGA PEAK WITH ACHYUTHARAYA TEMPLE AT THE BOTTOM
WATCHING THE SUNRISE FROM MATHANGA HILL
AERIAL VIEW OF TUNGABHADRA RIVER & HAMPI VILLAGE FROM MATHANGA HILL
HAMPI REALLY ROCKS! YOU WILL GET CARRIED AWAY…
AERIAL VIEW OF ACHYUTHARAYA TEMPLE & COURTESAN'S STREET
On my way back from Mathanga Hills, I thought of exploring Achyutharaya temple and the Courtesan's street. The temple was in a completely ruined state. I came to know that most of the large towers (gopura) in front of these temples were destroyed by cannon firing by Mughal invaders searching for precious stones.
RUINS OF ACHYUTHARAYA TEMPLE WITH MATHANGA HILL IN THE BACKDROP
GOPURA OF ACHYUTHARAYA TEMPLE DESTROYED BY INVADERS
ENTRY GATE OF ACHYUTHARAYA TEMPLE, FACING THE COURTESAN'S STREET
MAGNIFICENT PUSHKARNI POND IN FRONT OF ACHYUTHARAYA TEMPLE
LAKHSMI NARASIMHA IDOL AT HAMPI
The street that starts from Achyutharaya temple en-route to Vittala temple is known as courtesan's street which is around 50 meters wide and half a kilometre long . Both sides of the street are filled with heaps of finely carved pillars which were parts of huge pavilions. During the golden period of the empire, these were magnificent bazaars where people used to sell pearls, rubies, emeralds, diamonds and ivory.
On one side of the street, the ancient pond called Pushkarni is located. I sat there for a few minutes, thinking about that glorious past and captured that magnificent view. It was surprising to know that this ancient pond never gets dry even in peak summer. My other page about Anegundi (click here) describes how waterways were designed to quench the thirst of this mighty kingdom. It is interesting to note that their far reaching vision planned rain water harvesting system to collect and route water from the adjacent high lands to replenish the land below.
My next destination was the Lakshmi Narasimha temple. This Narasimha idol is one of the biggest and the most damaged one during the Mughal invasion.
The original statue made by Krishnadeva Raya in 1528 AD had Goddess Lakshmi sitting on the lap of Narasimha avatar, which was destroyed by the invaders. The remains of the monolithic statue is about 6.7m tall with the seven hooded naga above its head.
THE ELDERLY PRIEST IN FRONT OF THE MASSIVE BADAVI LINGA
Right next to the Lakshmi Narasimha temple, there is a massive monolithic Shiva Linga (Badavi linga) half-submerged in flowing water. Legend has it that the linga was built by a poor woman (badava) and hence it got the name. It is believed that the linga was so powerful that it had to be kept cooled by water. It is still being worshipped in the sanctum chamber filled with 2-3 feet of water.
Sasvekalu and Kadalekalu Ganesha statues are famous ones in Hampi and walkable distance from Badavi Linga . After visiting these monolithic idols, I was on my way to Virupaksha temple.
SASVEKALU GANESHA IDOL AT HAMPI
MONOLITHIC NANDI STATUE AT THE END OF BAZAAR STREET
The most important and the only functioning temple in Hampi is the Virupaksha temple . This temple has been kept open since 14th century and it was left unharmed by the Islamic intruders. The strange fact is that the flag of Tuluva dynasty contained the picture of a pig and it was forbidden to the Mughals . There was an entry fee for you and the camera. Carry some bananas for the temple elephant and make sure the monkeys don't snatch it on the way.
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE IN THE NIGHT
Virupaksha Bazaar street starts in front of the temple and leads all the way to the Monolithic bull statue near Mathanga hill. The street is around 12 meters wide and 730 meters long with double-storied stone structures on either sides. The street stays as a symbol of the glorious past of Vijayanagara kingdom.
VIRUPAKSHA BAZAAR STREET AT HAMPI
ANOTHER VIEW OF VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE
As I continue my journey, I get more addicted to every nook and corner of this majestic city. The more I go deep into the life in Hampi , I get more fascinated by the mystery than its history. Another destination on my way was the underground Shiva Temple. A totally abandoned temple much below ground level and half submerged in water. Spent a few minutes there, clicked some snaps and headed back.
UNDERGROUND SHIVA TEMPLE SUBMERGED IN WATER
I came across a massive platform with the shape of a pyramid called Mahanavami-dibba . The massive 12m high platform had highly decorated side walls depicting the festivals, elephants, horse-training etc. The platform was used for performing religious ceremonies .
MAHANAVAMI DIBBA OR PLATFORM TO PERFORM RELIGIOUS RITUALS
INTRICATE CARVINGS ON THE SIDE WALLS OF MAHANAVAMI DIBBA
ABSOLUTELY GORGEOUS ELEPHANT STATUE, DAMAGED BY VANDALS FROM MUGHAL PERIOD
The stepped tank next to the royal citadel was an architectural wonder. This still stands as the proof for the engineering skills attained by the people of that period. Ancient aqueducts ensured continuous water supply to this pond.
STEPPED TANK AT HAMPI
Queen's bath is a large square building with highly ornate interiors. The building houses a large bath of 15 square metre area and a depth of 1.8m. It has decorated corridors on all the four sides. It was built for the noble women of royal families .
QUEENS BATH AT HAMPI
Later in the afternoon, I decided to explore the mysterious rock formations at Hampi. I learned that the ancient artisans used a special technique to split the rocks precisely. First step is to make a series of holes (couple of inches deep) in a line where you want to cut the stone. Secondly, bamboo sticks are driven into these holes and water is poured on top. Once the bamboo pieces get socked in water, they begin to expand and break the stone. Most of the stone pieces will have these marks on the edges.
ANCIENT ROCK CUTTING METHOD.
MASSIVE PIECE OF ROCK CUT WITH PRECISION
Another scene that caught my attention was a full grown banyan tree on top of a massive rock. It felt as if the strong roots of the tree were strangulating the rock and it was gasping for breath.
BIG BANYAN TREE ON TOP OF A ROCK
Hampi is very vast area and it cannot be covered in one or two days. Most of the important tourist spots are accessible by motor car. There is a village road from Kamalapur, leading to the Vittala Temple. But I thought it would be be more interesting to take the short-cut by foot.
In the evening, I headed to Vittala Temple. The unpaved narrow passage by the side of Tungabhadra river takes more than half an hour to reach the temple. On the way , I came across the Kings Balance. A usual custom being followed in Hindu temples even today. The one here was used to weigh the Kings against Gold or other precious materials to be donated to poor people as an offering.
KING'S BALANCE. A RITUAL TO WEIGH THE KINGS AGAINST PRECIOUS MATERIALS
I was amused by the sight of a banyan tree decorated with pieces of cloth hanging all around it. Some sort of religious custom, I believe.
BANYAN TREE DECORATED WITH SOME PECULIAR RITUAL
Vittala ( A form of Lord Vishnu) Temple is the most exquisite & magnificent temples in Hampi. The temple complex is an architectural marvel that consist of large courtyard, shrines, pavilions and halls. The highlight of this temple is its elegant halls decorated with carved pillars and an incredibly beautiful chariot made of stone.
The stone chariot is the major attraction and this has become the mascot of tourism in Hampi. Though the chariot was originally crafted with horses, these were destroyed during the invasions and a pair of elephant statues adorn their place now. The chariot is complete with axis shafts and the wheels are designed to rotate. A stone ladder in front of the chariot was probably used by the priest to climb inside its sanctum for worship. The chariot was once coated with natural dyes which has completely faded out. The body of the chariot is decorated with incredibly fine carvings. An architectural masterpiece indeed.
A CLOSE LOOK AT THE EXQUISITELY CARVED CHARIOT WHEELS AT VITTALA TEMPLE, HAMPI
The mandaps inside the temple complex have intricately carved pillars that depict scenes from epics like Ramayana. The most exquisite work of art must be the so-called music pillars which is typical to many of the Indian temples. A group of precisely cut stone pillars produce musical notes by percussion. The lonely tree in the courtyard seemed very old but it had some sort of hidden beauty in it. In front of the temple, the remains of an old market is still visible. It was once a famous centre for horse-trading and other business activities. The carvings on the wall depict Persian and Chinese traders with horses, which throw some light into the history .
ENTRY INTO THE MANDAP OF VITTALA TEMPLE
WALL DECORATIONS SHOWING FOREIGN HORSE TRADERS
SIDE WALL DECORATION OF THE MANDAP AT VITTALA TEMPLE
HIGHLY ORNATED PILLARS OF THE MANDAP
MUSICAL PILLARS AT VITTALA TEMPLE
150 YEARS OLD, THE TREE OF LIFE INSIDE VITTALA TEMPLE CAMPUS
While returning back from Vittala temple along the narrow stretch, I noticed a pavilion half-submerged under the river which was built at the place where famous composer and Carnatic singer Purandara Dasa used to practice. Purandara Dasa (1484-1564), known as the father of Carnatic music, traveled across Vijayanagara empire, entertaining people and spent his final phase of life at Hampi.
PURANDARA DASA MANDAP AT HAMPI
KOTILINGA (THOUSAND LINGAS) IN THE MIDDLE OF THE RIVER
I was in front of Krishna Temple, built by Krishnadevaraya. The interior of this temple was extremely beautiful with intricate carvings. The dwarapalika motif ( gatekeeper) by the front door was typical to the Vijayanagara and Hoysala temples.
I got deeply immersed in the beauty of that piece of art. A loud voice of a real gate keeper lady sitting near the temple door woke me up. She had no objection and was really happy to get her picture taken.
My next point of interest was the Hazararama Temple. This temple was located a bit far from Krishna Temple, near to the Royal enclosures and baths.
Hazararama Temple is famous for its story-telling figures all around the compound. These carvings mostly narrate stories from Hindu holy books Ramayana and Bhagavata .
Some of those carvings on the side walls were highly artistic as well as very complex to be carved manually. The bangle-like works were obviously done by very skillful hands and I wondered how could they do it without damaging even a small bead. A few pictures from Hazararama Temple attached below.
A DWARAPALIKA (GATEKEEPER) APPEARED IN FLESH & BLOOD IN FRONT OF KRISHNA TEMPLE
INTRICATE CARVINGS ON HAZARARAMA TEMPLE WALLS, HAMPI
STORY-TELLING CARVINGS ON HAZARARAMA TEMPLE WALLS, HAMPI
I bumped into those massive stone doors lying abandoned in front of the royal courtyard. Not sure from where these were dismantled . An evening at the riverside was soothing. I watched the people waiting for their turns to cross the river in coracles. There are few places in Hampi where ferry services are operational throughout the day. Some people commuting daily carry along their motor bikes on the ferry. A coracle is a cheaper alternative, but a bit dangerous too. A coracle ride could take you some hidden temples too, some of those were demolished and abandoned due to the fury of the river . Kotilinga (thousand Shiva lingas) is an interesting place that once used to get submerged under water.
MASSIVE STONE DOORS LYING ABANDONED
HAMPI-ANEGUNDI FERRY SERVICE ACROSS TUNGABHADRA .
CORACLES WAIT FOR TOURISTS ON THE BANKS OF TUNGABHADRA
Anegundi was the erstwhile capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, before it was shifted to Hampi. A stone bridge existed across Tungabhadra river, connecting the old and new capitals. Though this bridge got destroyed long ago, the remains of the same can be found here. The government tried to build another hanging bridge near this place. Before it could be completed, the bridge got destroyed in 2009 due to natural calamities and the workers too got drowned. The project was abandoned since the people believed that it was a bad omen . Perhaps the Gods were not in favour of a bridge in this location. UNESCO also suggested that a bridge in this location could adversely affect the ruins. A new bridge (named Bukkasagar bridge) has been commissioned further downstream in 2017 which is fully operational now.
RUINS OF ANCIENT STONE BRIDGE THAT CONNECTED HAMPI AND ANEGUNDI
Perhaps the most important part of Hampi trip is watching the sunrise/sunset from Hemakuta hills. It is indeed a breath-taking scene and no one wants to miss it. You will be able to see people climbing up the hill by the side of Virupaksha temple, much before the sun goes down. Lot of old temples are ruins lay scattered on top of this hill. According to mythology, it rained gold when Lord Shiva did penance on top of this hill. Hema means Gold in Sanskrit language. The original location (moola sthan) of Virupaksha temple can be found here with a small temple and a pond in front of it. Another small shrine dedicated to Anjaneya (Hanuman) with a lonely tree standing in front of it is every photographer's favourite location.
SUNSET AT HEMAKUTA HILLS. ANJANEYA TEMPLE
Malyavanta Raghunathaswamy is located 3 km down the road from Kamalapur. This is a temple dedicated to Lord Sri Ram. It is believed that Rama & Lakshmana had visited this place while searching for Sita. Aerial view of the valley from up the hill behind this temple is amazing.
WHEN SUN SETS BEHIND MALYAVANTA RAGHUNATHA TEMPLE, HAMPI
I would like to categorize Hampi as one of the 'must-see' places before you die. Its alluring beauty could be addictive too. Now, what is there on the other side of the river ? Go though my next blog here >>
BEYOND THE RIVER… FAR BEHIND HISTORY… LET'S BEGIN A NEW JOURNEY…
How to Reach Hampi :
Bangalore-Hiriyur-Challakere-Rampura-Hampi – 364Km
Bangalore -Tumkur -Hiriyur – Chitradurga – Hospet – Hampi – 341 Km
Nearest Town: Hospet (13 km), Bellary (84 km)
Nearest Railway Station: Hospet (13 km)
Best Time to Visit: October to February
As my solo journey through rural India Read more
in Life in this India, travel 0 comments
FEEL THE PEACE, ENJOY A BOAT RIDE AT VARANASI…
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Kumari Herath
i really enjoyed your photos. They made me feel that I too was a traveler. The information provided was inspirational and informative. Excellent photography indeed. All the best to you!!
Thank you very much for your visit. Appreciate it.
A fan of Indian history
Really nice blog and set of pictures. Some of them are truly unique…the ones of the less famous ruins , thank you for putting it on the web. The rock cutting method described is the first time I am seeing such a description. I always wondered how large rocks were split, or carved into such detailed and delicate designs.
India still remains a mystery ! Thank you very much for your visits and comments.
Sam Allen
One of the best blogs I have read about Hampi. I have recently been to Hampi, after going through your page. It was very helpful. Thanks.
Good to know that it helped. Thanks for your comments and have a great day !
Every traveler's dream land indeed. Thanks for putting together such a wonderful write-up on Hampi. Amazing photos as well
Thanks very much for your visit. Please keep in touch.
SUBHASH HEGDE
The best write-up about Hampi, seen so far. Enough information to publish a book. Kudos to you !
Thanks for the comments. Please keep following.
Nishanth
Thanks Gopan for the information.I have been to Hampi but its good to see few spots that i have missed.I loved your pics and the description.A great read.
Thanks very much for your comments. Good to know that you liked the page. Please do visit again. Let's explore this great country together.
Romina Campostrini
Hi, my name is Romina, i ve come across your blog and really liked your photos!!! I ve been staying in Hampi for few years now and there r some rocks you have taken a photo of that i ve never seen, don't know where it is but would really like to see.. Anyway.. Your photos are really amazing!!i am very impressed!!
Thank you very much for your valuable comments. You are really lucky to live there in Hampi.
Balu menon
beautiful and informative
Thanks very much. Please do visit again whenever you get free time.


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Prof. Dr. Emma Wetter Slack
Emma is a British/Swiss scientist who trained in Cambridge, London, Hamilton (Onatario) and Bern before joining the ETH Zürich as an Ambizione fellow. She is fascinated by how the immune system works in the context of complex microbial communities, and in applying both wet-lab and computational biology approaches to these problems.
Elisa Cappio Barazzone
Elisa obtained her BSc degree in Biological Sciences from the University of Turin and her MSc degree in Molecular Biosciences from the University of Heidelberg. She then joined Emma's group for her PhD, working on a Botnar Research Centre for Child Health project aimed at developing microbiota engineering tools for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism.
Milad Radiom
Milad received his PhD in Chemical Engineering from Virginia Tech, and thereafter was working as a researcher in University of Geneva, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Université de Paris. He has now joined the laboratory for food immunology to investigate the biophysics of antibody-bacterial glycan interactions. His research interests are in soft condensed matter, interfaces and biophysics with particular attention to mechanical forces and surface interactions in synthetic and biological systems.
Selma Aslani
Selma studied Health Sciences and Technology and joined the Food Immunology group for her 2nd Research Project & Master's Thesis. After her graduation she worked as a Research Associate in the pharmaceutical industry. Now she re-joined the lab as a technical specialist for oral vaccine production.
Dr. Yagmur George Turgay
Yagmur studied biochemistry in Frankfurt, Germany, before completing his PhD at the Institute of Biochemistry at ETH Zürich. After having worked in a biotech company developing glycodesigned antibodies, he joined Emma's lab as a senior scientist. In his current role he is interested in modalities of antibody-glycan interactions for the development of oral vaccines.
Giorgia Greter
Giorgia is a Swiss/Italian PhD student who completed her studies in New York and Zurich before beginning her doctoral studies at ETH Zürich. She is interested in microbial population dynamics and metabolism in the gut, and is working on developing lab and model-based techniques to evaluate these complex relationships.
Dr. Noëmi Rebecca Meier
Noëmi is a scientist who has worked in infectious disease research in Switzerland and abroad before joining ETH Zürich as a project manager. In her current role she is supporting the Microbiota Engineering project to facilitate research activities across this multi-investigator project.
Swapan Preet
Swapan studied Biotechnology at the University of Milan-Bicocca and did her ERASMUS internship at the Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, where she worked as a research assistant before joining Emma Slack's lab as a PhD student. She is working on a NCCR project where she will investigate the role of intestinal antibodies in controlling the non-E.coli components of simplified microbiota.
Erica Faccin
Research Technician & Laboratory Manager
Erica Faccin studied Biological Sciences at the "Università Statale degli Studi di Milano (IT)" and joined the Slack lab as Laboratory Technician and Laboratory Manager.
Suwannee Ganguillet
After completing a Bachelor in Biology at the University of Lausanne, Suwannee continued her studies at ETH Zurich, where she joined the Food Immunology group for her Master's Thesis. After briefly exploring the industry-side of research on the microbiota in a pharmaceutical company, she is now back in the lab to conduct her Ph.D.
Louise Larsson
Louise completed her M.Sc. in Biotechnology at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden before moving to Switzerland in September 2020 to pursue her PhD. As a part of the Microbiota Engineering Project, she aims to develop tools for precise engineering of the gut microflora.
Dr. Tim Keys
Junior Group Leader
Tim studied in Brisbane and worked at the Institute for Glycomics on the Gold Coast (Australia) and the Hannover Medical School (Germany) before joining the Institute of Microbiology at the ETH Zürich. His research projects cover the intersections of protein biochemistry, enzyme engineering, microbial glycan biosynthesis and synthetic biology. In 2020, Tim will join the Food Immunology lab as junior group leader.
Dr. Markus Arnoldini
Markus wants to understand how the ecology of the gut microbiota and host physiology influence each other, and how we can use this understanding to improve health outcomes. He trained at ETH Zürich and UC San Diego in evolutionary microbiology/quantitative biology.
Ronja Rappold
Ronja is a doctoral student at ETH Zürich and works at the interplay of biomechanics and gastrointestinal physiology. She is applying state of the art imaging techniques to investigate the influence of gastrointestinal diseases on the mechanical properties of the surrounding gut tissue.
Jackie Raïssa Ndem
Jackie is a French Scientist who studied in Tours, France (BSc, Maitrise) and in Pennsylavania, USA (MSc). She joined the Food Immunology group in 2019 to pursue her PhD where she is working on in silico models to retrieve and predict surface glycan variations on Enterobacteria.
Daria Künzli
Daria is a Master student in Microbiology and Immunology at ETH Zürich. She joined the group for a semester project in September 2020. The project focuses on the spatial distribution of a model microbiota in the mouse gut.
Verena Lentsch
Verena studied Molecular Biology at the University of Salzburg and joined the lab as a PhD Student. Her project focuses on combining engineered bacterial competitors and vaccination to eliminate antimicrobial-resistance gene-reservoirs.
Daniel Alexander Hoces Burga
Daniel is a Peruvian-Swiss physician who, fascinated by the complexity of the immune system, moved to Switzerland to train as a scientist. After completing his M.Sc. in Immunology at UZH, he joined the group of Emma Slack at ETH Zürich as a doctoral student in 2017; where he now explores the interaction between gut microbiota, immunity and host metabolism.
Dr. Kathrin Moor
Sara Berent
Naomi Dünki
Claudia Moresi
Tobias Geiser
Bachelor Student
Dr. Corina Matthew
Basak Corak
Laboratory for Food Immunology
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Book your Christmas party now at Café Nineteen, at Burstwick Country Golf, just 10 minutes from Hull. For parties of more than 30 who book the Christmas Menu, we will give you the full restaurant to yourselves at no extra cost.
We are also hosting a Christmas Party Night in our restaurant with live entertainment on Saturday 1st, 8th & 15th December, you can book your places this night for just £23.95.
Call 01964 670112 to see what dates we still have free for private parties and we'll ensure you have a night to remember.


An Easy Guide When Looking Out For The Right Double Glazed Windows And Doors.
There are times one right aspires to get the right deal of the company providing the glazed windows. At such a time, you need to note that several companies are in place and from them; you need to shop for the best deal that can offer you the best. If you are keen all through, it can be an easy task for you to settle for the right options of the company providing you with the double glazed windows and doors. You also need to save enough time that you can use to carry on your research on the best deal.
One thing you need to note is that you can have an online search anytime you are in need of the best providers of the double glazed windows and doors. For more info on Doors and Windows, click Ecovue. Most of the companies operate with an online and with them; you need to go through them reading through them. Here, you will encounter positive reviews and negative reviews. These are good guidelines, and you will be sure of getting the best results. If there is any site that you will encounter with positive reviews, you need to note that having them in place can be one best thing you can have in place. Any of the companies providing the double glazed doors and windows having negative reviews need to be eliminated at all times.
Take your time and learn more about the reputation that the providers have. There are those that have a positive one, and thus, they are referred to be reputable, and on the other hand, there are the options that are not reputable. To learn more about Doors and Windows, visit double glazed windows. Whenever you come across these options, you need to note that any of the companies that are found to be reputable need to be your choice. Any of the providers of the double glazed windows and doors that are not reputable need to be eliminated in all cases.
Take note of the experience that the providers of the double glazed windows and doors. There are the providers that you will come along having a short time experience and others have a long time experience. With these choices, you need to note that the one with a long time experience needs to be your choice. If you encounter any option of the provider having a short time experience, you need to do away with them, and you will be sure of settling for the best results at all times. Learn more from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMuInwDT4ao.


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HHS Issues Final Rule on Essential Benefits
The Dept. of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a final rule that implements five key consumer protections from the Affordable Care Act:
• Guaranteed Availability – Nearly all health insurance companies offering coverage to individuals and employers must sell health insurance policies to all consumers. No one can be denied health insurance because of a current or previous illness.
• Fair Health Insurance Premiums – Health insurance companies that offer coverage to individuals and small employers will only be allowed to vary premiums based on age, tobacco use, family size, and geography. Factors that are no longer permitted in 2014 include health status, past insurance claims, gender, occupation, how long an individual has held a policy, or size of the small employer.
• Guaranteed Renewability – Health insurance companies will no longer be able to refuse to renew coverage because an individual or an employee has become sick.
• Single Risk Pool – Health insurance companies will no longer be able to charge higher premiums by moving higher-cost enrollees into separate risk pools. Insurers must maintain a single statewide risk pool for the individual market and single statewide risk pool for the small group market.
• Catastrophic Plans – Young adults and people for whom coverage would otherwise be unaffordable will have access to a catastrophic plan in the individual market. Catastrophic plans will generally have lower premiums, protect against high out-of-pocket costs, and cover recommended preventive services without cost sharing.
For more information visit: http://cciio.cms.gov/resources/factsheets/marketreforms-2-22-2013.html
America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) issued a statement warning that the imposition of richer benefit packages will result in less affordable coverage for small employers, individuals and families by forcing them to buy up to coverage they may not want or need. AHIP noted that Jonathan Gruber, a prominent health economist and policy expert, says that a 10% rise in the cost of the Essential Health Benefits package would increase the federal government's cost by 14.5%, or $67 billion, and reduce the rate of the insured by 4.5%, or 1.5 million, through 2019.
Many state departments of insurance and state exchange boards have begun requesting formal actuarial and economic forecasts of the effect of the ACA insurance reforms on their state. These independent studies have found that some provisions, including the Essential-Health Benefits and actuarial value requirements, will result in higher premiums.
AHIP is also concerned that the ACA requires the HHS Secretary to ensure that benefits under the Essential Health Benefits package be equal to what's provided under a "typical employer plan." While the term "typical employer plan" is not explicitly defined in the statute, it is vitally important for the benefit package be comparable to benefits purchased by small employers since small businesses and individuals will be the primary customers of exchange plan coverage.
AHIP notes that research has shown that workers and families who get health insurance coverage in the individual and small group markets are especially price sensitive. They tend to pay a larger share of the premium. A benefit package that's modeled after coverage offered by very large employers would significantly increase premiums for small employers and families, thereby making coverage less affordable.
Under the ACA, most individuals will be required to have insurance at least equal to the "bronze" level of coverage. There is evidence to suggest that the minimum actuarial value of 60% may exceed the average value of a policy in a state's market, particularly for individually purchased plans. For example, the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the average actuarial value of health insurance in the individual market ranges from 55%to 60%.
Also, researchers have found that the average actuarial value for non-group policies purchased in California was 55% (with a range of 32% to 85%. The California Healthcare Foundation has found that 62% of the 32 individual market plans available in Los Angeles County had actuarial values below the 60% minimum required under the ACA.
AHIP says that lowering the actuarial value for bronze coverage to 55% or 50% could help avoid disruptions in coverage and ensure that premiums stay affordable, especially for price-sensitive, younger individuals who get coverage in the non-group market. Also, policies that help ensure that younger, healthier subscribers remain in the marketplace can help promote a more stable risk pool and make coverage more affordable for everyone.
The ACA establishes limits on deductibles for health insurance plans in the small group market at $2,000 for individuals and $4,000 for families—effective January 1, 2014. In order to meet these new limits, many small group plans, particularly high-deductible/HSA plans, would have to lower deductibles substantially, thereby increasing the cost of coverage. By requiring many plans to lower deductibles, these caps could price many small employers out of the market and limit access to affordable coverage options for small business workers and their families. These caps could be especially problematic for small business employees who enroll in high-deductible/HSA plans—where the average deductible for single coverage ($2,814 in 2010) already exceeds the ACA limits. Eliminating these caps on deductibles can help ensure that affordable health insurance options are available to workers and their families and that small businesses can continue to offer coverage to their employees.
The ACA states that the HHS Secretary "may" include the amount of the annual employer HSA contributions toward the actuarial value calculation. However, in a bulletin issued in February 2012, HHS declared its intention to only include a portion of employer HSA contributions when determining actuarial value. AHIP says that including employer HSA contributions in the actuarial value calculation significantly increases the likelihood that HSA plans will be able to meet the minimum requirement and will help ensure that consumers continue to have access to high-quality, affordable coverage.
AHIP notes that total enrollment in HSA/HDHPs has grown to 13.5 million people (increasing by 2.2 million over the past year alone). Counting all employer contributions toward the HSA/HDHP actuarial value would help ensure that these affordable products remain available to businesses and their workers.
AHIP offers the following recommendations:
• Make the scope of the Essential Health Benefits comparable to the scope of benefits provided under a typical plan purchased by small businesses.
• Lower the minimum actuarial value for health insurance coverage under the ACA to ensure availability of affordable health insurance options and avoid disruptions in coverage.
• Eliminate caps on deductibles in the small group market to ensure affordability of coverage for small businesses and families.
• Require that all employer contributions toward employees' health savings accounts (HSAs) are considered when determining a plan's actuarial value.
For more information, visit www.ahip.org.
Filed Under: Employer Benefits, General Health, Men's Health, Reform, Wellness, Women's Health Tagged With: Ahip, Essential Benefits, final rule, HHS


This article was originally published by Acentrus Specialty.
Specialty pharmacy remains a growth and patient care opportunity for large health systems (ie, academic medical centers, integrated delivery networks, and community-based hospitals). Not only can they improve care and enhance continuity of care to the patients they serve, but also increase revenue streams and satisfaction among patients and physicians while reducing the risk in a value-based reimbursement model.
Operating a specialty pharmacy is a great benefit to a health system that adopts it early, while those who wait are going to face higher risks and have a lower probability of success.
While third-party pharmacies fulfill delivery of specialty medications to patients, they reduce the ability of physicians to easily monitor and track the patient's health, making it harder to offer the highest possible quality of care. Where this becomes especially important is continuity of care and management of adverse effects or new symptoms.
Without the benefit of real-time transparency that a shared electronic health record (EHR) provides, it becomes more difficult to manage and intervene in patient care complications and prevent a readmission or visit to the emergency department.
Working through a health system specialty pharmacy may not always feel the most comfortable to patients, as many associate hospitals are critical care settings. Although it may feel more familiar to go to an offsite specialty pharmacy, it's not always easier for patients.
With physicians and pharmacists working together through an on-site pharmacy, they can provide education and management of medication while proactively adjusting treatment based on adverse effects and focus on increasing adherence.
Integrated specialty pharmacies at health systems give physicians and the multidisciplinary care team of pharmacists and nurses better access to their patients' records. This allows them to better manage and monitor their patients' compliance and persistence of use for prescribed medication. The ability to impact adherence of patients saves health systems money and results in healthier patients with fewer medication-related complications.
Health systems and hospitals are now seeing their profitability directly tied to patient outcomes due to the transition from fee-for-service to value-based reimbursement. Transferring the pharmaceutical care of patients to commercial specialty pharmacies gives up control over the total care of a patient, which increases the risk to the health system.
If a patient sent to an outside specialty pharmacy does not adhere to their medication regimen and is readmitted to the health system, then the cost for the interventional care comes without any additional reimbursement to the health system. This also results in reduced quality of care for the patient.
Health systems moving to a fee-for-value model and accountable care organizations (ACOs) are in alignment with payers around financial incentives. Outside specialty pharmacies, organizations incentivized to fill the most prescriptions possible, are not aligned with this system. Specifically, this makes the health system and ACOs responsible for any difference in allocated cost from capitation or reimbursements if the outside specialty pharmacy charges more than allocated for the medication.
Establishing an in-house specialty pharmacy is a win-win for health systems because it provides greater control over managing the patient. Adherence and the impact on readmission are vital to the health systems viability in a value-based care model.


For my most recent writing class (I've kind of become addicted to them) our assignment was to write a perfect first sentence to start our novels. I, of course, thought "Psh, one sentence, that's so easy! I could do this in my sleep." According to our professor, this first sentence is our "hook" and the most important sentence in the entire project.
Okay, so he put a little more pressure on us, but really, this assignment was a cake walk.
I immediately grabbed a piece of paper and jotted down a few sentences, and I thought "Ta-da! I'm done. Easy-peasy." The next morning I actually looked at what I had written for my opening line. . . . . . and winced.
It wasn't that the opening I wrote was that bad, it's just that it's so generic. Really the hook I wrote could work for any book, and that's the problem. It doesn't really grab the reader. It doesn't hint at the story to come. It's not even that interesting.
Wow, now that I see it all typed out, it looks even worse.
The funny thing is, I always thought I knew exactly how to write an opening line. I actually thought I was pretty good at writing hooks. But, now that I've been properly taught out to write an opening line, I can't do it. Now everything I write for the hook just looks boring, or childish, or cliché.
Is there such a thing as un-teaching yourself to write?
This entry was posted in A writer's life and tagged author, book, classes, e-book, new book, novel, writer, writing. Bookmark the permalink.


The 1940 Grand National was the 99th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 5 April 1940.
Thirty horses ran in the steeplechase, which was won by Bogskar, a 25/1 shot ridden by Royal Air Force sergeant Mervyn Jones. MacMoffat finished in second place, Gold Arrow was third, and Symaethis fourth.
It was the last true Aintree Grand National before a five-year break due to World War II.
This list of sports fixtures or results is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
This page was last edited on 3 January 2018, at 23:27 (UTC).


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Posts Tagged 'comedy'
Goof #2 Cover Revealed
New Worlds Comics will be released. In the meantime, here's a taste of the Goof #2 cover. Enjoy!
'Oops' is the key word here.
Tags:comedy, cover, Goof, New Worlds Comics, superhero, superheroes
Posted in comics, English | Leave a Comment »
New Worlds Comics is launching next month. As we get closer, I'm going to release more and more information.
Here's our first teaser, the cover of our first title, Goof:
Goofiest. Superhero. Ever.
Posted in comics, New Worlds Comics | Leave a Comment »
'Tickling Butterflies' – Little Soldier Blue
Tickling Butterflies is an epic fantasy, containing 128 fairy tales that together create one huge story.
Here's the story so far. The story continues:
Little Soldier Blue
(Containing the ghastly story of a perfect soldier.)
Little Soldier Blue hated the army. But it was also clear to him that he needed a job. It was clear to him because his parents had made it clear to him that he needed a job. His father, Big Soldier Blue, and his mother, Big Soldier Wife, both expected him to go into the army. Big Soldier Blue came from a long line of soldiers, and Big Soldier Wife came from a long line of soldier wives.
By a strange coincidence, on Little Soldier Blue's eighteenth birthday, Prince Charming the Fifth rode into town and gathered all eighteen year olds and suggested they join the prince's army. The prince offered money, and Little Soldier Blue accepted, even though he was not sure that it was the right job for him.
On the first day, all soldiers were given uniforms and a magic silver box.
All soldiers put their feelings inside the magic silver box. But Little Soldier Blue held on to his feelings and his box remained empty.
Prince Charming the Fifth did not rely on the boxes to gain his soldiers' loyalty. During his trial of fire, he had conceived the perfect plan to gain his soldiers' loyalty. The prince knew, as all royalty does, that the feeling of anger makes a person certain that he is right and equally certain that the person making him angry is wrong. The angrier the person, the more certain he is that he is right, and the more certain he is that the other person is wrong.
And so, the prince's training consisted of making his soldiers angry.
With each passing day, Little Soldier Blue became angrier. With each passing day, all soldiers around him became angrier.
With each passing week, Little Soldier Blue became certain that he was right. With each passing week, all the soldiers around him were certain that they were right.
And during all that time, Prince Charming the Fifth was the angriest of them all, and therefore everyone agreed with him that he was right. His anger connected with everyone else's. Everyone agreed with him that he should be king. The more right and more righteous and more angry the soldiers became, the more certain they were that King John the Ugly should be killed.
Within a month, Little Soldier blue was mighty angry, and he felt better about being in the army, and he knew that King John the Cute should die. And he was surrounded by soldiers who felt exactly the same feelings all the time.
Prince Charming the Fifth had also learned, during his trial of fire, that soldiers must care for their fellow soldiers before they cared for their families.
And so, at the end of every night, the soldiers played games in which one of them was being rescued by the others. And after a month, the soldiers felt as tight as a family. For the first time in his life, Little Soldier Blue felt that he had a family that approves of what and who he is, a family that understands him, a family that shares his anger. Little Soldier Blue was loyal to his new family and felt certain that he would willingly lay down his life for all his soldier friends.
The third lesson Prince Charming the Fifth had learned in his trial of fire, was that his army needed to be desperate for his approval. He wanted to make sure that his loyal army would be truly loyal, and wanted the soldiers to be loyal because they sought his approval.
And so for every day for an entire month, Prince Charming the Fifth made sure that he told each and every soldier three times that he was not good enough, and one time that he was getting slightly better. So it was for every soldier. So it was all the time.
In that way, Little Soldier Blue felt he was improving, but also felt that he was never good enough for Prince Charming the Fifth. And yet, with each good word from the prince, he became more loyal, and tried even harder to get the prince's praise. He wanted Prince Charming the Fifth to tell him how good he was. After a month, it was the most important thing he wanted. It was equally as important as killing King John the Cute.
Little Soldier Blue knew that if he killed King John the Cute, the prince would tell him that he was a perfect soldier and would love him greatly.
And so, after three months of training, Little Soldier Blue became the perfect soldier. Then, to make Prince Charming the Fifth even happier, he opened his box, locked his emotions in it, then threw it away.
This has been the ghastly story containing exact details of how Little Soldier Blue became the perfect soldier. This has also been the unpleasant tale in which Shadowy Death stood silently and in the shadows, allowing Prince Charming the Fifth to create an impressive army.
(To be continued on Thursday…)
Tags:comedy, English, fairy tales, fantasy, Online Book, Serialized Novel, Tickling Butterflies
Posted in English, Fantasy, Online Novel, Serialized Novel | Leave a Comment »
'Tickling Butterflies' – Death and the Minister
Here's the story so far. We are in the middle:
Death and the Minister
(Containing the fearsome story of Death and the minister.)
Once, during the time of King John the Cute's journey to the Land of No Respect, Death returned to the king's palace. Upon his last visit, he took King Charming the Fourth's soul. Upon this visit, he headed for Minister Vazir's room.
It was the middle of the night, and only Minister Vazir was awake.
Death entered his room, and Minister Vazir's mouth fell open.
"I am Death," said Death.
In spite of the fact that Minister Vazir had put all his fears in a box, what little specks of emotion remained of his fears caused his heart to race. "I am Minister Vazir," he said. "Have you come for me?"
"Not today," said Death. "I seek King John the Cute."
"King John the Cute," said Minister Vazir, trying to breathe steadily, "is on a quest at the Land of No Respect at the moment. Do you seek to claim his soul?"
"Not at present," said Death. "I seek him in another matter."
"Well… As I said…" Minister Vazir slowly regained his breath. "He is out for a few days at least. Why… Why… Why do you seek him?"
"I seek his help."
"Why… Why… Why does Death seek the king's help?"
Death hesitated for a minute and sixty one seconds. Then, deciding on telling the truth, he raised his amputated right arm. "A mysterious being has taken my arm. I can no longer claim anyone's soul, while he can claim the souls of anyone he wishes."
"You can… You can… You can no longer take anyone's souls?" Minister Vazir could not take his eyes off the amputated arm.
"My arm is stolen. I cannot take souls. I must see the king."
"Well… the king will be out for many days…"
"Very well, then," Death said. "I shall wait for him."
Minister Vazir considered the situation. "Perhaps it is best, Death, that while you wait, you will wait in my room, away from others' eyes, so as not to create a panic."
Death sat down on Minister Vazir's chair. "I will await the king here."
Minister Vazir considered the situation further. When he had told King John the Cute his story about how he had put his great fears in a silver box, he had promised the king that he would open the silver box and put his fears back in his body. But he had not done so since their conversation. Perhaps this was the perfect opportunity to do so? He would put back his fears in his body, and face his fear of Death, which surely must be the worst, without there ever being a danger of Death claiming his soul.
While Death waited, Minister Vazir opened the box and put his fears back in his body.
While Death waited, Minister Vazir felt his fears fully.
With Death in the room for fourteen days and fourteen nights, Minister Vazir learned to overcome his fears and to live with Death.
This has been the fearsome story of how Minister Vazir put his fears back in his body and learned to overcome them.
(To be continued on Tuesday…)
'Tickling Butterflies' – The Last Rule and Regulation
Tickling Butterflies is an epic fantasy, containing 128 fairy tales that together create one huge story. Here's the story so far. We are in the middle:
The Last Rule and Regulation
(Containing the daring tale of an heroic escape from the Land of No Respect.)
Once upon a time, during his quest to save the Land of All Legends, King John the Cute had travelled to the mysterious Land of No Respect. There, he met a sad man in the mountains who told him great truths which had been gained at a terrible price.
That sad man's name was Benjamin Miller, an orphan from another land. Once he had finished his tale, King John the Cute came to his feet.
"Surely your realize," the king told Benjamin Miller, "that your story has not yet come to the end."
"My story is over," said Benjamin Miller. "It is simply that I cannot die."
"Benjamin Miller, I am on a quest to find hidden truths about the Land of All Legends, to discover its secrets, and to save as many lives as possible. Perhaps I will save yours. I promise you here and now that I will do my best to help you find a way home."
"There is no use," said Benjamin Miller. "I have given up that hope centuries ago. Do not waste your time."
"You have told me great things, to which I must give quite a lot of thought. But you have also given me hints as to where to proceed. If the Original Monster travels between my land and your original land, then we must find him. We must learn what he knows, we must learn the secrets of that other land, we must learn the secrets of the Original Monster, and we will use our knowledge to help you get back to your own land."
"I have tried. For decades. The Original Monster is elusive beyond words."
"I am the king. I have more resources than you have ever had."
"You will not find him. You will not be able to bring me back to my world. The mirror has shown me the truth."
"The mirror has shown you that someone is writing stories about you," King John the Cute corrected him. "But it has not shown you that you will never return to your home."
Benjamin Miller thought about that statement. "That is true," he said, surprised.
"Come, let us leave the island together and return to the palace, where I can continue my quest."
Benjamin Miller took a step back. "No, no. You do not understand. We can never leave this place."
"Because of the last rule and regulation of the Land of No Respect. I have been here for centuries, and I have learned all the rules. And the twentieth and last rule and regulation states clearly that you will always achieve the opposite of what you really want. I wanted to leave, and so I have been here for all these years. Ochi wanted to kill the doctors, and so he was killed himself. That is how the Land of No Respect works, and its rules and regulations are magically enforced on this island."
King John the Cute considered this statement for one minute and eleven seconds. Then he took a deep breath and exclaimed, "I am the king of the Land of All Legends, and I decree that the rules and regulations of the Land of No Respect will have no hold on me or my friends!"
The king's voice echoed through the island. Through the glasses with the magnifying qualities, Benjamin Miller could see that everyone in town had stopped and looked around, searching for the source of the voice.
"Chariot!" King John the Cute's voice boomed across the land. "Come to the top of the mountain! We must leave immediately!"
For a long minute, Benjamin Miller looked around, afraid that something might happen to stop their escape. But then a cloud peered in through the caves.
"At your service, my king," said the cloud.
"Come," said King John the Cute. The king took Benjamin Miller's hand, and helped him climb aboard Chariot.
At the king's orders, Chariot rose into the sky and quickly floated away in the direction of Capital City and the palace. Soon, the island of the Land of No Respect was a dot in the ocean. And soon after that it could no longer be seen over the horizon.
This has been the daring tale of an heroic escape from the Land of No Respect. This has also been the splendid story of the first time John the Cute, the boy from Bambooville, truly felt like a king.
(To be continued on Sunday…)
Posted in English, Fantasy, Online Novel, Serialized Novel | 2 Comments »
'Tickling Butterflies' – The Laughter Fashions
The Laughter Fashions
(Containing the century-spanning tale of laughable fashions.)
Sadness struck me upon learning the truth, Benjamin Miller began the end of his story. My despair was deeper than it had ever been. I had no hope. Everything I had desired was gone. I would never see my parents. I would never return to my world. I had become another story in the Land of All Legends.
Upon exiting the Fun House Mirror wagon, I had enough strength to ask the guardian about where Sylvia had gone. But once he said he did not know, all strength left me.
The guardian brought me to the town. They looked at my despair and could not cope with someone who was extremely not funny and did not laugh at anything.
At the end of long discussions, they came up with a solution. They put me here in the mountain, and dug caves that, with the aid of glasses of magnifying qualities, looked into every part of the Land of No Respect. That way, sitting here, I could see everything that was going on on the island: so many funny things, so many ridiculous things, so many silly things. They hoped that with the centuries it would improve my mood.
I have been sitting here for almost five hundred and fifty years with sadness in my heart, and only the funny creatures of the Land of No Respect keeping my sadness slightly above great despair.
During all those years, every day that I have spent here, someone came and gave me food and water and slapped my face with five pies of whipped cream.
Over the centuries, I have seen creatures come and go, observed fashions appear with great excitement and disappear in disrepute. I have seen the island ruled by an incompetent police force that constantly bumped into each other. I have seen decades of ridiculous clothing fashions, meant to be funny rather than useful or appealing. I have seen decades in which the fashion was to make fun of anything that had just been said, simply by mimicking it. I have seen decades in which the style had been to throw things on one another. I have seen decades in which the fashion was to insult each other quietly and with clever words and to never touch. I have seen decades in which pooping was considered the greatest invention of modern times. I have seen decades upon decades of silliness, wackiness, zaniness, and ridiculousness. And that silliness, as much as it caused me pain, has also saved my sanity.
And that is the story of the happiest land in the Land of All Legends: the Land of No Respect. And it is also the story of the saddest man in the Land of All Legends: Benjamin Miller. And now, King John the Cute, you know my story in its entirety.
'Tickling Butterflies' – Benjamin Miller and the Magic Mirror
Tickling Butterflies is an epic fantasy, containing 128 fairy tales that together create one huge story. Here's the story so far. We are about to go off the road:
Benjamin Miller and the Magic Mirror
(Containing a mirror-image tale of the previous story.)
After Sylvia vanished from sight forever in the mirror, Benjamin Miller continued with his story, the view in the mirror changed. Since I was looking at the mirror, the Fun House Mirror had now decided to show me my own truth.
I saw a man sitting over a desk, writing in a notebook. The man was overweight and bald and old. His few hairs were brown, and his eyes were sharp green. He was writing words upon words on a yellow notebook. Already, the notebook was half filled with what must be the work of months and months.
I leaned in, and looked over his shoulder, careful not to touch the mirror and fall into it.
He was just finishing a sentence, and without trying to read, I saw my own name, 'Benjamin Miller'. I began to read the sentence he had just finished writing. This was it:
"My name is Benjamin Miller," began Benjamin Miller, "and I was not born in the Land of All Legends. I was born… somewhere else.
Suddenly, the man with the green eyes was tired. He put his pen aside, and leaned back. Then, with a gesture, he closed the notebook, turning back all the pages. This allowed me to see the first page. There it clearly said, in great big block letters:
TICKLING BUTTERFLIES
GUY HASSON
And it was at that time, at that moment, that I understood the truth about myself.
I was born in another place, a three dimensional world that is not at all the Land of All Legends. I was born in a world where stories are told to children, but I ended up in a land where those stories lived and died. But now… after almost a hundred and fifty years in the Land of All Legends, I had become a story myself! I had become a story that someone else is telling! Someone in my world is writing stories about me! Parents in my world are telling stories about me to children, just as I was told stories about Snow White!
The image in the mirror vanished, and I fell to my knees.
I knew then that I would never find my way home. I knew it, clear as any truth, that I was bound to stay as a story in the Land of All Legends for the rest of my life. And I knew that since I could not die of old age, I would remain a story forever!
For a moment, Benjamin Miller coughed.
"Excuse me, King John the Cute. I must clear my throat."
King John the Cute sat silently and waited until Benjamin Miller cleared his throat. In the meantime, thoughts of other lands, of stories, of writers, and of children listening to stories filled the king's mind. Was this the secret of the Land of All Legends? Did King Charming the Fifth know about any of it? Was something coming over from this other land, causing great harm to the Land of All Legends? Was the other land the cause of the Land of All Legends' sickness? Was King John the Cute part of a story written by someone who had never seen him? Was King John the Cute a two-dimensional character in a story? If he was, what did that mean?
King John the Cute had only begun to consider these things, when Benjamin Miller finished clearing his throat and began the end of his tale.
Posted in English, Online Novel, Serialized Novel | Leave a Comment »
'Tickling Butterflies' – Sylvia Fo and the Magic Mirror
Sylvia Fo and the Magic Mirror
(Containing the reflective tale of a magic mirror.)
I chased Sylvia around the mountain, Benjamin Miller explained to King John the Cute. As Benjamin Miller told his tale, the king noticed that Benjamin Miller's face, already filled with seven hundred years of sadness, became sadder.
I found Sylvia standing outside a wagon. Near the wagon was a strange man.
"I am the guardian of the Fun House Mirror," the strange man was telling Sylvia.
"Does the Fun House Mirror provide a way out of the island?" Sylvia asked him, even as I slowly approached them.
"That depends on how you look at it," answered the guardian. "The mirror changes the way you look at things. It shows you who you are, as others see you. It shows you how different you are. If you have a long nose, then it shows your long nose in a way that allows you to see it as others do."
"What good is it?" I asked. By now, I was standing near Sylvia.
"It allows you to laugh at yourself," the guardian said simply.
"Can it get me out of here?"
"That depends on how you look at it," replied the guardian.
"Let's see how I look at it, then." Sylvia's temper ran so hot, that she had no patience and no cool judgment.
She disappeared inside the wagon before I could suggest anything else.
Within two seconds, I heard her scream in dread.
I leapt into the wagon, and saw her standing next to a large mirror, holding her face in terror. "What is it, Sylvia? What did you see?"
"I am three dimensional," she shouted. "While everyone in this land is two dimensional! I have depth! I'm a real person! Everyone around me is a character made of cardboard! That is what I saw! And that is the truth!"
I did not understand what she was saying.
"I can't stand this place!" Sylvia began to run in a small circle around me. "This entire land is awful! This is a prison! This entire land is a prison!"
Then, surprisingly, she jumped into the mirror, and ran and ran until she disappeared from sight.
I was afraid to jump in after her. Later, I told the guardian what had happened and asked him where Sylvia was. He said he did not know. He said the mirror shows everyone his and her own truth, and leads a path to the realization of that truth.
Nonetheless, in the roughly five hundred and fifty years that have passed since, King John the Cute, I have never seen Sylvia Fo again. Not in all that time. I believe she is dead.
But that is not the whole story, King John the Cute, for once Sylvia had vanished from sight inside the mirror, the view in the mirror changed, and I saw the image in the mirror change to reflect my truth.
But I have to stop for a moment and breathe. I have not spoken so much in five hundred and fifty years.
Benjamin Miller paused to take a breath, and King John the Cute waited, his eyes aglow, ready to hear the end of the story.
'Tickling Butterflies' – The Smarty Pants Competition
If you're just joining us, here's the story so far.
Tickling Butterflies is an epic fantasy, containing 128 fairy tales that together create one huge story. We are in the middle:
The Smarty Pants Competition
(Containing the laughable account of how laughter accounts for intelligence.)
Filled with sadness and pain, Benjamin Miller continued to tell his sad tale, Sylvia and I wanted to find a way out of the Land of No Respect.
We needed a boat, since the doctors had caused ours to sink.
In town, the whipped-creamed streets were filled with people. We noticed that the people who were alone seemed strange in some way. Some had long noses. Other had long necks. Other had big stomachs. Every man and woman who was single had some kind of feature that made him or her stand out among the rest.
But the couples, they were even stranger than the single people. Couples in the Land of No Respect seemed to be opposites. A man twice as tall as a building would be with a woman as short as a thimble. A man as fat as a house would be with a woman as thin as a candle. A man with a big head and small chest would be with a woman with a small head and a big chest.
Everywhere we looked, we saw couples that seemed complete opposites of each other. And everyone was headed in one direction, outside of town.
"What is going on?" I asked someone. "Where is everyone going?"
"We're going to the theater," he answered. "The Smarty Pants Competition is starting in thirty minutes."
We asked him what he meant. Although he couldn't believe that we had never heard of it, he told us the story of the Smarty Pants Competition.
"On the third day of the third week of every month," he said, "we hold a competition for everyone in town to see who is the smartest one amongst us. We hold that competition in the theater. This is how it goes: We put three of our funniest people on stage. Each, in his turn, tells a very funny story. The audience laughs. Whoever laughs first the most times during all three funny stories is the winner of the Smarty Pants Competition and is declared the smartest person in town."
"But why do you think laughing makes you smart?" asked Sylvia.
The man looked at Sylvia with utter disbelief. "Laughing does not make you smart," he said. "Laughing first… Laughing first means you're smart. Whoever laughs first understood the joke first. Whoever laughs second, understood the joke second, and so on. Whoever laughs last was the slowest to understand the joke."
"Ah," Sylvia said. She was beginning to understand. "But wait… this is a land of no respect. Does the winner get respect?"
"Oh, no," the man said. "Once the competition is over and the winner feels good about himself, everyone comes up to him, and makes fun of how smart he is. That is the Land of No Respect!"
Sylvia's body began to shake. "You're all crazy! You are all horrible! This is a crazy and horrible place!"
Before I could put my hand on her shoulder, she began to run in the other direction: out of town and somewhere behind the mountain.
I climbed after her, as fast as I could, but she was running as if she was not running on whipped cream.
This has been the beginning of a disquieting story, King John the Cute, of Sylvia's madness, a madness that would soon lead to tragedy.
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'Tickling Butterflies' – The Tickle Tick
The Tickle Tick
(Containing the grave tale of a grieving duo and a Tickle Tick.)
We buried Ochi, Benjamin Miller continued his tale while King John the Cute listened in fascination, at the foot of the mountain. Sylvia and I stood over his grave. We had a lost a friend we had known for decades, and sadness had struck us deeply. It had all been so unnecessary, which made the sadness worse.
And yet, for all our sadness, we could not cry.
Sylvia was the first to suggest that perhaps we cannot cry because it wouldn't be funny if we cried. Perhaps the rules and regulations of the Land of No Respect had already taken effect on us.
"That is quite true," said a small voice.
We looked around, and saw a tiny black creature, smaller than a fly, stand on top of the stone we had put over Ochi's grave.
"Who are you?" Sylvia said.
"I am the Tickle Tick," said the Tickle Tick. "And you are quite right. You cannot cry for your friend right now, because your crying would not be funny. The rules and regulations of the Land of No Respect work on all who walk here. Still, perhaps I can help."
"Help? How?" Sylvia asked.
The Tickle Tick flew from the stone, landed on Sylvia's neck, then slid down under her clothes. Suddenly, Sylvia began to laugh.
"Stop!" Sylvia laughed. "What are you doing!"
"I'm tickling you," came the Tickle Tick's voice from inside her shirt. "I'm making you feel better!"
"Stop!" Sylvia was rolling on the ground laughing. "Stop! I don't want to feel better!"
"Everyone wants to feel better," came the voice from inside her clothes.
Sylvia was laughing and laughing, rolling on the ground. "Stop! Stop! I don't want to laugh!"
"Everyone wants to laugh," the muffled voice said.
"I don't want to laugh!" shouted Sylvia. "I want to cry!" And she shrieked so hard that the Tickle Tick stopped and climbed back out from under her clothes.
"What about you?" the Tickle Tick looked at me.
"Same as her," I said.
"You two are very strange people," said the Tickle Tick. "What do you truly want, then? How can I help you?"
"Maybe you know something about this place," I said. "We don't understand how such a place could exist."
"Hmmmf," said the Tickle Tick. "I do not know anything about how the magic of the place works, but I do know how this place came to be. Shall I tell you that story?"
"Sure," I said.
"Yes, thanks," said Sylvia, who was slowly sitting up.
"This is a story I have heard," began the Tickle Tick, "from my father who heard it from his father, and so on all the way back to the first Tickle Tick that ever lived. And he heard this story from the island itself."
Once upon a time, the Tickle Tick told the tale, all the funny and strange creatures in all the land and continents and seas decided that they wanted to live together, in one place. That way, they would be with their own kind, with people who knew how to laugh, who would laugh with them, but not people who laughed at them.
But all the places in all the Land of All Legends were already occupied. There were people living at every large patch of land. The exception was ten small islands in the Slapstick Ocean. The islands were relatively small, and they were all lonely, because all the creatures that had lived on them had moved to the land and to the Big Cities.
All ten islands volunteered to be the home for the funny creatures, but only one could be chosen.
To decide which island was the best one for the job, a competition began. All the creatures would spend one day on each of the islands, and see which island is best.
And so, on the first day of the competition, the creatures stepped upon the shores of the first island. There, they threw pies at each other, slapped, fell, tried to get all the creatures into one room, and generally had fun. Within two hours, the island was laughing so hard, that he was shaking, and all the creatures fell into the water.
On the second day, the creatures tried the second island. Within two hours, that island was also laughing so hard that he threw all creatures into the water.
And so it continued, with all islands. All ten islands laughed too hard, and so none of the islands could be suitable for the creatures to create the Land of No Respect.
Then the creatures noticed that there was another island, a rather small and shy island, with a tall mountain at the center of him, that no one had noticed. No one had noticed him, because the other islands had forgotten he was there. When he was young, they had always made fun of him and his mountain for being so different, that he had grown shy.
The funny creatures tried to live on that island. And although that island wanted to laugh, he knew how to hold his emotions and not to shake with laughter.
Sometimes, during certain days of the year that something makes the island almost lose control with laughter, the top of the mountain shakes back and forth. But that is not dangerous, that is just funny. And so it was declared that the eleventh island would be the island upon which the Land of No Respect would be built.
The remaining ten islands, angry and miffed, swam to another part of the ocean, leaving the island and the Land of No Respect alone in the middle of the Slapstick Ocean.
And so, once the island had become the Land of No Respect, the first Tickle Tick was born. My grandfathers have been tickling people since before you two were born.
And I am glad that although I have not made you happy with laughter, I have made you less sad, if only for a few minutes.
"Thank you for your story, little Tickle Tick," Sylvia said.
"Yes. Thank you," I said.
Sylvia and I looked at each other. We knew that we needed to find a way off the island. But at least we had learned that listening to stories, just like laughing, sometimes takes our sadness away, if only for a short while.
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Far too many people live a life that is characterized by mediocrity, dissatisfaction and a nagging feeling, that there has to be more than just paying bills, spending 8+ hours in a grey office and finishing off the day watching Netflix. The intrinsic motivation is usually pretty low, they function more than they live and do what they are supposed to do. And before they know it, it's too late and they sigh a melancholic "oh, I wish I´d have…" or a sad "why didn't I…" into heaven. Sounds familiar? It doesn´t have to be that way, and with this article I´d like to remind you of one very important fact: Life is just too colourful, beautiful and – above all – short not to take advantage of every single day to its full extent. And the best day to start is today. The best time is now.
Focus on opportunities. Develop your personality.
Of course, if you make the deliberate choice to live a meaningful life, you will reach the border of your comfort zone sooner or later. You will fall down and it will be hard to get up on your feet again. But in the end, it's never the mistakes, the struggles or the failures that we regret. It is always the things we have dreamed of, but we have not dared to put into practice.
From personal experience and my daily work with organizations, companies and leaders around the world, I know that it often only takes one big change idea to spark that inner fire and start taking the necessary action. And it would mean a lot to me, if you would use the following list with 99 big change ideas to gain clarity, focus and a lot of inspiration. The only thing you need to do? Read, reflect and implement. Sounds easy, but it isn't, because the 99 change ideas are actually more of a philosophy than one of those typical lists from the Internet. May you experience many magic moments while implementing them.
And one last remark at the end…if you have enjoyed reading (and hopefully implementing) the 99 big change ideas, then please share them with your friends and especially with the people you think will benefit the most from them.
Also, please leave a comment below and let me know what you think and/or if you´d add some other ideas.


Factors affecting the utilisation of electronic medical records system in information system was introduced. Adu (Deputy Registrar, UEW-. Professional Academic Help, starting.99 per page, high quality. This thesis reports..
Pakistan And Terrorism: An Outline: Introduction: the meaning of terrorism, pakistan and Terrorism, politics, religion and Terrorism. We are not trying to control this monster seriously. La coleccin de pantalones..
it is analysis, how much is summary, and how much of it is your opinion. However, most likely that youll be using. If the" is more than 3 lines long, indent 10 spaces from the left margin when you type the poem. If you use a" from a poem. MLA style recommended by Modern Language Association. Shortly, youll get accurate.
Though your subjective opinion does play a significant part, a review must still maintain certain objective standards. MLA citation generator creating bibliography page is fast and easy. Dont risk your academic performance, citing sources is no longer a challenging task. It has a range of formatting features as well as rules for in-text citations arrangement. The object of a comparison and contrast essay is to explore and expose the similarities and dissimilarities between two or more ideas or things. Persuasive essays require citation. Learn From Our Innovative Blog, our blog features current and innovative topics to keep you up to speed on citing and writing.


It was a great day to support pro bono work in Hillsborough County Saturday at the Hillsborough County Bar Association's 5K Pro Bono River Run and Judicial Pig Roast. James Hoyer Law Firm attorneys Jesse Hoyer and Sean Estes, along with paralegal Jan Brown, turned out for the event, dressed as super heroes to take on the challenge.
Jan Brown is the Pro Bono Chair for the Tampa Bay Paralegal Association, whose theme was "Paralegal Power." TBPA's booth with a looming Spiderman took 2nd place in the Best Pig Sty competition. Jesse Hoyer placed 3rd in the 5K run in her age group.
The event's main purpose is to promote and support pro bono legal services in Hillsborough County. Local judges, attorneys, law students, and paralegals participate by pledging pro bono hours and/or contributing to pro bono projects.


text:
Employer: University of Potsdam
Job Number:
Application Deadline: Feb 1, 2023
University of Potsdam
Location: Potsdam, Germany
Job Number: 7120934
Posting Date: Jan 11, 2023
This is a two year fixed term research position at the Mathematics Department of the University of Potsdam, Germany, funded by the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) which is available as from April 1st 2023.
The starting date can nevertheless be adjusted for some other date between April 1st and September 30th 2023.
The successful candidate will work with Prof. S. Paycha
https://www.math.uni-potsdam.de/~paycha/paycha/Home.html
The candidate's research topics should touch upon analysis or geometry and have some substantial intersection with at least one of the following topics
-Regularisation techniques
-Renormalisation methods
-Groupoids in mathematical physics
-Pseudo-differential analysis
-Infinite dimensional geometry
-Index theory and anomalies
-Noncommutative geometry and interactions with physics
-Gauge theory
-Combinatorics on cones
The topic of the research project funded by the DFG is
"Renormalisation under the prism of meromorphic functions in several variables",
which touches on various of the above mentioned topics, leaving a lot of flexibility for the research direction the future postdoc would actually like to follow.
Applications should be sent by February 1st 2023 to Sylke Pfeiffer
1) a statement setting out how she or he meets the selection criteria,
2) a curriculum vitae including a list of publications,
3) a statement of research interests,
4) the names and contact details of two referees.
Sylke Pfeiffer
Campus Golm, Haus 9 Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25
Potsdam,Brandenburg
Tel: (+49)3319774017
Please mention you saw this ad on PostdocJobs.com
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text:
Mishima kan syfta på:

Yukio Mishima (1925–1970), japansk författare
Mishima (film) – amerikansk film från 1985 om författaren Yukio Mishima
Mishima (musikgrupp) – en katalansk popgrupp
Mishima, Shizuoka – en stad i Shizuoka prefektur, Japan
Mishima (Osumiöarna) – en kommun i Kagoshima prefektur, Japan
Mishima (ö) – en ö i Hagi stad, Yamaguchi prefektur, Japan
 Mishima (rollspel) – ett tillägg till rollspelet Mutant Chronicles
Heihachi Mishima – en rollfigurer i TV-spelserien Tekken
Jinpachi Mishima – en rollfigurer i TV-spelserien Tekken
Kazuya Mishima – en rollfigurer i TV-spelserien Tekken
5334 Mishima – en asteroid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Now Spago4Q project offers the opportunity to the whole community to access the information available in its build system. It is used to monitor the consistence of the code of the SVN Repository as well as to develop Nightly Builds.
To access the Builder, whose link is available on Spago4Q project website, click here.


Much of the success of any painting project lies within the preparation of your surface. Follow these steps to ensure that your paint job goes smoothly and continues to give you years of enjoyment.
1) Give the surface that's to be painted a good cleaning. Pay special attention to areas that receive exposure to moisture, heavy traffic, cooking splatter and hand oils (around light switches). A phosphate cleaner or eco-friendly alternative like TSPeco should be used and thoroughly rinsed with clean water.
2) Make any necessary repairs to the areas that are to receive paint. This can include the filling and sanding of holes and imperfections using a quality spackle like Dap's Drydex or Dynamic's Dynapatch Pro. Be sure to caulk baseboards and crown mouldings with a paintable caulk such as Dap's Alex Plus Latex Acrylic Caulk with Silicone. Ensure to smooth away caulking while it's still wet.
3) Spot primer-repaired areas or entire surface depending on the surface condition, colour and type of paint previously selected. (See Q&A section for more on this).
4) Your wall is now ready to paint!


"Amazing & notable evidence approximately nice Britain" finds the hidden legends, legislation, landscapes, discoveries, adventures and destinations that experience formed Britain's compelling, and every now and then, tumultuous previous. discover how Britain used to be shaped - its geology and weather, the quirky characters and occasions of its historical past and the beginning of British associations, corresponding to public colleges, fish and chips and using at the left hand facet. short, obtainable and pleasing items on a large choice of topics makes it the best ebook to dip in to. the superb and awesome evidence sequence provides fascinating, superb and little-known evidence and tales a couple of wide variety of subject matters that are bound to tell, take up and entertain in equivalent degree.
The writer attracts on clean examine for a brand new interpretation of the particular function of the knight in England in the course of the heart a long time. The knight underwent a technique of evolution from a fixed warrior of modest potential to a big member of the medieval hierarchy, with very important neighborhood administrative features as well as army tasks.
Conquered England argues that Duke William of Normandy's declare to be triumphant Edward the Confessor at the throne of britain profoundly encouraged not just the perform of royal succession, but in addition performed a wide half in making a novel constitution of land tenure, depending on the king. In those basic respects, the test made within the aftermath of the Conquest to illustrate seamless continuity with Anglo-Saxon England severed just about all continuity.
First released in 1926, G. R. Owst's Preaching in Medieval England has remained a seminal paintings relating to English sermons of the interval 1350-1450. In learning a principally missed yet vital element of the medieval non secular adventure, the writer provides significantly to our realizing of the pre-Reformation church.
The tough consultant to London is the final word shuttle consultant to at least one of the worlds most enjoyable towns. In complete colour all through and with dozens of pictures to demonstrate Londons nice constructions, iconic landmarks, and special neighborhoods, this up to date guidebook will express you the simplest the town has to supply, from Olympic Park to markets and museums, connoisseur eating places, and hidden pubs.
This is too remote to be a suitable location for a wind farm but the world's largest wind farm was opened off the coast of Kent in September 2010. The Thanet Wind Farm has 100 wind turbines over an area of 7 square miles in the Thames Estuary. It can generate 300 megawatts of electricity, fifty per cent more than any other wind farm, which is enough to power 240,000 homes. IS THE EARTH FLAT AT EARITH? Much of the Fenland between Cambridge and the Wash lies below sea level and is kept dry by an elaborate system of drainage created in the 17th century.
The legend underwent a further revival with the 19th century artists known as the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, whose romantic images of Arthur and his companions are those which are most familiar. An iron age hill fort at Queen Camel in Somerset has as good a claim as anywhere to be the original Camelot but no table was found there when it was excavated in the 1960s. Wessex Warrior The life and times of Alfred the Great Alfred, who reigned 871–99, is remembered for burning the cakes (for which there is no evidence, as they were eaten anyway) and for defeating the Danes.
From 1955 to 1995 the studios were owned by the BBC which made such 1970s series as Colditz and Porridge there. In 2000 the studios were bought by a new owner and have been used for making such films as the 2002 production of Oscar Wilde's The Importance of being Earnest. The Underground Church Resting place for a poet and a heroine Trebetherick in Cornwall contains the church of St Enodoc which for almost three centuries was submerged in drifting sand except for a portion of the tower. Once a year the rector of the nearby parish of St Miniver would descend through an opening in the tower beneath the bent steeple, accompanied by parishioners, to conduct a service in order to keep the church in use and, importantly, maintain its right to collect tithes.


"The ß-precipitate free AZ31, ß-precipitate rich AZ91 and a few Mg-Y-Zn alloys were studied to understand the dependence of Mg formability on microstructural condition and temperature. Friction stir processing (FSP) was used to refine the grain size and to obtain desirable distribution of precipitates in the matrix. Since Mg alloys exhibit challenges in achieving room temperature formability, superplastic deformation was utilized. This work focused on high strain rate superplasticity (HSRS, ≥10⁻² s⁻¹) which is more attractive for industrial applications as compared to the slower rates of conventional superplasticity.
Thermally stable fine grains and pinning particles at HSRS temperatures were essential for Mg-Al-Zn alloys. AZ31 alloys exhibited strain and strain rate induced abnormal grain growth (AGG) at the HSRS conditions, and therefore did not exhibit superplasticity. Ultrafine grained AZ91 alloy, on the other hand, showed exceptional elongation of 1251% at the HSRS conditions. Twin-roll cast and rolled coarse grained (29µ-140µ) Mg-Y-Zn sheets also exhibited HSRS, making the need for grain refinement processes like FSP unnecessary.
Analysis of the AZ91 HSRS data indicated that the deformation mechanism was grain boundary diffusion controlled grain boundary sliding. Analysis of the HSRS data of coarse Mg-Y-Zn alloys indicated the deformation mechanism to be lattice diffusion controlled solute drag creep (SDC). The promising results of the present work can be potentially used to design new HSRS Mg sheets as well as for optimum use of existing Mg alloys for HSRS applications"--Abstract, page iv.
© 2012 Arun Mohan, All rights reserved.
Mohan, Arun, "Influence of temperature and microstructural modification on formability of magnesium alloys" (2012). Doctoral Dissertations. 48.


text:
Sentencing in Victoria is governed by a combination of legislation (laws made by parliament) and common law (laws made by the courts). Three arms of government are involved in sentencing:
the legislature (parliament)
the judiciary (courts)
the executive (ministers and administrative entities).
Parliament makes the legislation that defines what an offence is and the maximum penalty that can be imposed on someone convicted of the offence.
Courts are independent of parliament. However, courts must interpret and apply laws within the framework that parliament sets.
The executive arm of government includes agencies that run correctional services, such as prisons and youth detention centres. Correctional services also supervise offenders who have been sentenced to community correction orders.
The adult and youth parole boards are also part of the executive arm of government. Parole boards decide whether a person should be released on parole and supervise people who are granted parole. Parole boards are independent of parliament and the courts.
Legislation Relating to Sentencing
The most important piece of legislation affecting sentencing in Victoria is the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic). It sets out:
the purposes and principles of sentencing
the considerations a court must take into account in sentencing
the hierarchy of sentencing options for adults.
Most indictable offences (serious offences) in Victoria are set out in the Crimes Act 1958 (Vic). Most summary offences (less serious offences) are set out in the Summary Offences Act 1966 (Vic). Some offences are set out in other legislation, such as the Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Act 1981 (Vic) and the Road Safety Act 1986 (Vic).
People in Victoria can be charged and tried under both Victorian and Commonwealth laws. Victorian courts can sentence both Victorian and Commonwealth offences.
When sentencing an offender for a Victorian offence, Victorian courts apply the powers they have under:
the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic) when sentencing an adult
the Children, Youth and Families Act 2005 (Vic) when sentencing a child.
When sentencing an offender for a Commonwealth offence, Victorian courts generally apply the powers they have under the Commonwealth Crimes Act 1914 (Cth).
Victorian Legislation
Victorian Acts and other legislation are found on the Victorian Legislation website.
Some key Victorian Acts relating to sentencing matters are:
Children, Youth and Families Act 2005 (Vic)
Confiscation Act 1997 (Vic)
Corrections Act 1986 (Vic)
Crimes (Mental Impairment and Unfitness to be Tried) Act 1997 (Vic)
Crimes Act 1958 (Vic)
Criminal Procedure Act 2009 (Vic)
Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Act 1981 (Vic)
Family Violence Protection Act 2008 (Vic)
Road Safety Act 1986 (Vic)
Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic)
Sex Offenders Registration Act 2004 (Vic)
Summary Offences Act 1966 (Vic).
Information about Commonwealth legislation can be found on the Federal Register of Legislation.