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Category Archives: Election Reform
SB1108 Signed Into Law, Removes Presidential Electors From The Ballot
May 2, 2016 by zachary
With the Libertarian Party now an officially recognized party in Oklahoma and more to come in the future, the ballots could become a crowded place if Oklahoma, one of only 5 states, continues to list all 7 Presidential Electors alongside the President and Vice President candidates they represent on the ballot. That has changed now that SB1108 passed both houses of the Legislature and was signed by Governor Fallin.
This November, when you go to the ballot, the only names that will appear at the top of the ticket will be the nominees for President and Vice President from the Republican, Democratic and Libertarian parties along with the any Independent or Unofficial Party candidates for President and Vice President, assuming they can actually meet Oklahoma's still extremely harsh petitioning requirements for those ticket lines.
If voters wish to know who the Presidential Electors are, that information will be made available at the voting booth, but we at OBAR seriously doubt that information will be in high demand. So now, the only items that will seriously increase the length of the ballot will be the state questions which look to be increasing in number on a daily basis thanks to the State Legislature and not initiative petitions.
Posted in Election Reform | Tagged Presidential Electors, SB1108 | Leave a comment |
Representative Perryman wants Voters To Register Fingerprints And Facial Recognition
February 1, 2016 by zachary
We are in luck this year. There is only one truly bad bill this year. While a couple of bills might be questionable, none have truly been as bad as Representative Perryman's latest bill. HB2592 would require all people registering to vote, or updating their registration to register their fingerprints and facial recognition scan with the state.
The bill argues that this is a good thing because it will allow voters to use their fingerprints instead of a photo ID when voting. This unfortunately would cause a lot of problems with voters. It could discourage a lot of people from registering who are uncomfortable with the government taking their fingerprints or facial scans. This is compounded by the fact that these fingerprints and facial scans will be open to law enforcement.
It is unclear what Perryman hopes to accomplish with this bill. This goes well beyond the idea of protecting elections from fraud that came with the Voter ID law that was passed in 2010.
What else is troubling, is that Perryman introduced some arguably great bills this session. Why would he introduce this one along with them?
Of all the bills introduced this session, this is the only one that we will be directly advocating against.
Posted in Election Reform | Tagged HB2592, Representative Perryman | Leave a comment |
New Bill Would Have All Elections Conducted By Mail In 2020
In several states, people are allowed to vote by mail, and some states require mail-only ballots. Representative Perryman has introduced HB2588 which would require all elections after 2020 to be conducted by mail.
Under this bill, county election boards will be required to send all registered voters a ballot between 20 and 14 days before the election. Voters will then have 4 days to complete and return the ballot either in person or through the mail in the required identification envelope, which voters are required to sign.
While voters can already request an absentee ballot and submit that by mail, they currently have to apply and provide a reason for the request. Under this bill, there will be no reason to have an absentee process as everyone will get a mail in ballot.
This bill will give voters an easier time voting at their leisure. It is safe to argue that voting by mail is much easier than in person voting, even with a 60 day early voting period, as Rep. Perryman's other bill would require.
New Bill Would Extend Early Voting To 60 Days Before Election
Oklahoma is currently not very friendly to potential voters who cannot make it to the polls on election day. While we do have a period of early voting, it is only for a few days on the week before the election. While this is good, it does not meet the needs of many potential voters.
In order to make elections more friendly for many more voters, Representative Perryman has introduced HB2589 which will not only increase the time a voter may vote early, but increase the number of places they can do so.
If this bill were to pass, voters will have 60 days prior to an election to submit an absentee ballot. They can also do this any day Monday through Saturday. On top of this, the bill will allow all county election boards to designate other locations for early voting along side the county office.
A full sixty days prior to the election will greatly expand the potential for a greater number of people to vote and result in elections that more closely reflect the will of voters in the state.
New Bills Will Increase Number Of People Eligible To Register To Vote
Over the last few years, Republicans in the State Legislature seemed to have been on a warpath to reduce the number of people registering to vote. The introduction of VoterID was a cornerstone of that ideal. So we never expected to see what we have here. This year, three bills have been introduced that would greatly increase the number of people eligible to register to vote.
The first bill, introduced by Senator Holt, will allow for early registration for potential voters 16 and 17 years of age. SB999 will allow anyone 16 or 17 years old, who will not turn 18 before the next election, to preregister to vote. Upon turning 18, the Election Board will automatically register these people as voters. This bill will likely result in many more young people registering to vote and increase the likelihood they will participate in future elections.
The next two bills, SB1042 by Senator Matthews and HB2277 by Representative Goodwin, would restore voting rights to all felons after they complete their sentences. While the two bills go about this change in different ways, they both will result in one of the largest legally disenfranchised groups of potential voters having that right restored to them.
All three of these bills are positive steps in making Oklahoma a much more voter friendly state and will result in not just more people being registered to vote, but also more people participating in elections.
Posted in Election Reform | Tagged HB2277, Representative Goodwin, SB1042, SB999, Senator Holt, Senator Matthews | Leave a comment |
Senator Justice Introduces Bill To Remove Electors From The Ballot
Oklahoma is one of only five states that still lists the electors for president on the ballot along with the candidates for president and vice president. There is no reason to list this information as voters do not vote on the electors, but rather on the candidate those electors have sworn to represent. While the information is something that should be documented and made available for those voters that want the information, most voters just don't care.
After last year's decrease in signatures for new party petitions, Oklahoma will see an increase in political parties, and thus candidates for President, on the ballot. With more candidates on the ballot, it is conceivable that a large portion of the ballot will be dedicated to something that most voters do not care about and is not needed. This will make the ballot confusing for many voters.
To fix this, Senator Justice has introduced SB1108 which removes the names of Presidential electors from the ballot and requires that those names be made available on printed material near the voting booths for those who want the information.
This is a good bill in that it solves one of the problems that make the ballot long and confusing. It also has a high likelihood of advancing this year as Senator Justice is the Chair of the Senate Rules Committee. We hope that the Senate and the House will pass this bill this year so that the elections will be cleaner and easier for Oklahoma voters.
Posted in Election Reform | Tagged SB1108, Senator Justice | Leave a comment |
Ethics Commission Says New Rules Do Not Violate Colorado Ruling
September 8, 2014 by zachary
Back in January, we wrote about a ruling out of the 10th Circuit that determined that Colorado's campaign finance laws were unconstitutional because they allowed candidates for major parties to raise more funds than their minor party and Independent competition. At the same time, Oklahoma was considering campaign finance reforms that we felt could be in violation of that ruling.
During this past legislative session, the Legislature passed a campaign finance reform bill that allows for the State Ethics Commission the ability to write its own rules with only a simple approval from the Legislature. Now that the bill has passed and the session is over, the new rules go into effect for the 2016 elections.
We had asked the Ethics Commission about whether they took that ruling into account when drafting the rules, but were told the ruling came after they drafted them. So they told us that they would review the ruling and announce their opinion at a later meeting. It was in the July meeting that they determined the new rules do not violate the 10th Circuit ruling. (PDF)
General Counsel Frazier discussed Riddle v Hickenlooper, a 10th Circuit Court of Appeals ruling regarding disparate contribution limits in Colorado. Frazier explained that Commission staff had analyzed this ruling, and that it would not impact the Commission's recently promulgated campaign finance rules.
We have requested a copy of the Commission's findings but have not heard back from the Ethics Commission. Frazier is no longer employed by the Commission and we have not been able to get in touch with her replacement.
It is our opinion that these rules, while not violating the letter of the ruling, do violate the spirit of the ruling. By allowing some candidates to raise more money than others, the playing field is stacked in favor of major party candidates over their competition.
The fact remains that if these rules remain unchanged before the 2016 elections, we will likely see a challenge to the rules and they will more than likely be ruled unconstitutional just as Colorado's rules were.
Posted in Election Reform | Tagged Campaign Finance, Ethics Commission, Political Contributions | Leave a comment |
National Popular Vote Bill Passes OK Senate On Bi-Partisan Lines; Concerns Over Lobbyist Activity Raised
February 18, 2014 by zachary
Last week, the Oklahoma Senate passed SB906, the National Popular Vote Bill, on a bi-partisan vote of 28-18. All 12 of Oklahoma's Democratic Senators voted for the bill and 18 Republican Senators voted against it.
This bill would change the way Oklahoma assigns its seven electoral votes from the current popular Oklahoma vote getting all votes, to a system in which the winner of the national popular vote gets all of Oklahoma's electoral votes. This proposal has its supporters and its detractors with many concerns raised. We highlighted a few of those concerns last year when this bill was introduced. In that article we wrote:
The truth is that yes, Oklahoma would be further marginalized by Presidential candidates in the event of a national popular vote. However, that wouldn't be changing much from the current situation. As NewsOK states, Oklahoma has been pretty much a Presidential flyover state since the 60s.
We further wrote of a better alternative, that of proportional allocating of electoral votes based on the percentage of voted earned by each candidate.
However, there is a different concern raised by some members of the House, that of the amount of lobbying taking place to get this bill passed. Representative Jason Murphey recently wrote about the tremendous lobbying effort from out of state interests who want this bill passed. He wrote about how those lobbyists are taking Oklahoma Legislators on all expense paid trips to resorts in order to get them to vote for the bill.
To this end, the national popular vote group invaded Oklahoma with a high powered team of very sophisticated lobbyists. They wisely kept the issue under the radar and away from the eyes of the public while aggressively trying to convince legislators by using a series of convoluted logic for why this proposal would benefit conservatives.
They financed a series of out-of-state junkets to various vacation sites where they explained this logic against an exotic backdrop of recreational events.
Having succeeded in the Senate, they are preparing to go on the offensive in the House. On March 20, they will finance an all-expenses-paid junket to St. Croix. In this exotic venue, far away from the eyes of the public, they will attempt to convince Oklahoma House members to vote for the bill. Just a few days after they return to the mainland, House members will vote on the proposal.
These all expense paid trips were further confirmed with a letter published by Batesline. In this article it was confirmed that Fair Vote, a 501(c)(3) organization is behind these trips.
This lobbying effort calls into serious question the ability of the Oklahoma Legislature to make decisions based on the will of the people. If those Senators who voted for this proposal did so because of the free vacation they were given rather than because the people of Oklahoma want to see it passed, then they are not doing their jobs.
If the way Oklahoma allocates its electoral votes is to change, it should be done by the will of the people not by the will of out of state lobbyists buying legislators all expense paid vacations. We will continue to watch these developments and the further progress of this bill.
Posted in Current Events, Election Reform | Tagged Lobbyists, SB906 | Leave a comment |
More People Can Vote In Certain Primaries If New Legislation Is Passed
Oklahoma currently operates under a closed primary system. In this system, only members of a qualified party can vote in that party's primary, unless that party allows for Independent voters to vote in it. Under this system, many elections are barred from a majority of voters because only a single party has candidates running for office. In the 2012 election, there were sixteen House and four Senate seats whose only opposition was in the primary election.
This will change for the better if legislation introduced this year passes and is signed into law.
Representative Jeannie McDaniel, Democrat District 78, has introduced HB2551 and Senator Larry Boggs, Republican District 7, has introduced SB1578. Both bills open up primary elections to members of other parties and to Independent voters if the only candidates for a seat are on a single party's primary ballot.
If a recognized political party has two or more nominees for an office, no other recognized political party has a nominee for the office, and no person registered as an Independent pursuant to Section 4-112 of this title is a candidate for the office, all registered voters eligible to vote for that office, regardless of whether the voters are registered as members of the recognized political party having candidates for the office, are registered as members of another recognized political party, or are registered as Independents, shall be allowed to vote in the Primary Election and, if a Runoff Primary Election is necessary, in the Runoff Primary Election.
This is a great step in the direction of ensuring that Oklahoma's elections are fair and open to all voters. We will be watching the progress of these bills very carefully this election.
Posted in Election Reform | Tagged HB2551, Primary Elections, SB1578 | 1 Comment |
Proposed Ethics Commission Change To Political Contributions Would Harm Independents And Create Lopsided Elections
December 19, 2013 by zachary
Earlier this week, Lee Slater, executive director of the Oklahoma Ethics Commission, introduced a proposal to reform Oklahoma's political contribution laws, particularly those regulating how much individuals and families can donate to campaigns. His reasoning is that the current laws are punitive toward families.
I believe that family limit to be unconstitutional. I believe that it discriminates against a married person as opposed to a single person.
The current campaign contribution limits, found in Rule 257:10-1-1 of the Oklahoma Statutes, reads as follows:
No person or family may contribute more than five thousand dollars ($5,000) to a candidate for state office or to a candidate committee authorized by such a candidate to accept contributions or make expenditures on his behalf during a campaign as defined in Chapter 1, Section 2 and as provided in Paragraphs (4) and (5) of this subsection. No candidate or candidate committee shall knowingly accept a contribution in excess of five thousand dollars ($5,000) from a person or family during a campaign.
Under the current law, A married couple would only be able to donate a combined $5,000 to a particular candidate, yet their unmarried friends could donate a combine $10,000 to a different campaign. We agree that this language is especially punitive toward those who are married. However, Mr. Slater's proposal goes much further than simply striking the phrase "or family" from the statute.
Under Mr. Slater's proposal, the $5,000 contribution limit would also change. Current law limits the individual or family contributions to $5,000 for the entirety of the campaign. Which means from the moment the candidate registers intent with the Ethics Commission to the election, you cannot give that candidate more than $5,000. Slater's proposal changes that limit to a $2,600 limit per election. This means that you can donate up to $2,600 to a candidate for the primary election, another $2,600 for the run-off primary, and another $2,600 for the general election but only if that candidate would appear on the ballot in those elections. Those who do not appear on a primary ballot because they ran unopposed in their party would be limited to only $2,600 per contributor for the entire campaign.
For an illustration of why this isn't a good idea, I compiled a list of elections from the 2012 election season that would have had lopsided contributions if this proposal had been in place in 2012.
In the State Senate District 15 race, Rob Standridge (R) appeared on the ballot for all three qualifying elections while his November competition, Claudia Griffith (D), appeared only on the November Ballot. This placed Standridge at an advantage of $5,200 per contributor over Griffith.
In the State Senate District 43 race, Corey Brooks (R) appeared on the ballot for all three qualifying elections while his November competition, Mike Fullerton (D), appeared only on the November Ballot. This placed Brooks at an advantage of $5,200 per contributor over Fullerton.
In the State House District 14race, Jerry Rains (D) appeared on the ballot for all three qualifying elections while his November competition, Arthur Hulbert (R), appeared only on the November Ballot. This placed Standridge at an advantage of $5,200 per contributor over Griffith.
In the State House District 88 race, Kay Floyd (D) appeared on the ballot for all three qualifying elections while her November competition, Aaron Kaspereit (R), appeared only on the primary and November ballots. This placed Floyd at an advantage of $2,600 per contributor over Kaspereit.
State Senate Districts 7, 11, 39, and 41 all had one candidate who appeared in a primary against a candidate who ran unopposed in his or her party. Those candidates who were in a primary had a $2,600 advantage over their opponents.
State House Districts 3, 22, 23, 26, 27, 32, 36, 37, 45, 51, 60, 71, 86, and 101 all had one candidate who appeared in a primary against a candidate who ran unopposed in his or her party. Those candidates who were in a primary had a $2,600 advantage over their opponents.
As can be seen from these races, this proposal would create some very lopsided races throughout the state. It is hard to see how that would benefit the people of Oklahoma.
What is especially appalling in this proposal is the punitive nature of it toward Independent candidates. While both Democratic and Republican candidates have access to primary ballots, and thus the extra funds available by appearing on those, Independent candidates are by law restricted only to the November election. Which means there is no possible way an Independent candidate could receive more than $2,600 per contributor while her opposition has a potential $7,800 per contributor.
As the law currently stands, a simple compromise of striking the phrase "or family" would be greatly improved and fix what Slater feels is unconstitutional. There is no need to introduce changes to the contribution limits that would unfairly restrict the ability of Independent candidates to raise money and which would also created lopsided races throughout Oklahoma. We hope that Oklahoma's lawmakers would also see this major flaw and avoid that particular change.
Posted in Election Reform | Tagged Ethics Commission, Political Contributions | 3 Comments |


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Britain: Antibiotic-Resistant Diseases Pose 'Apocalyptic' Threat
January 25, 2013 by John
from The Guardian:
Britain's most senior medical adviser has warned MPs that the rise in drug-resistant diseases could trigger a national emergency comparable to a catastrophic terrorist attack, pandemic flu or major coastal flooding.
Dame Sally Davies, the chief medical officer, said the threat from infections that are resistant to frontline antibiotics was so serious that the issue should be added to the government's national risk register of civil emergencies.
She described what she called an "apocalyptic scenario" where people going for simple operations in 20 years' time die of routine infections "because we have run out of antibiotics".
The register was established in 2008 to advise the public and businesses on national emergencies that Britain could face in the next five years. The highest priority risks on the latest register include a deadly flu outbreak, catastrophic terrorist attacks, and major flooding on the scale of 1953, the last occasion on which a national emergency was declared in the UK.
Speaking to MPs on the Commons science and technology committee, Davies said she would ask the Cabinet Office to add antibiotic resistance to the national risk register in the light of an annual report on infectious disease she will publish in March.
Davies declined to elaborate on the report, but said its publication would coincide with a government strategy to promote more responsible use of antibiotics among doctors and the clinical professions. "We need to get our act together in this country," she told the committee.
She told the Guardian: ""There are few public health issues of potentially greater importance for society than antibiotic resistance. It means we are at increasing risk of developing infections that cannot be treated – but resistance can be managed.
"That is why we will be publishing a new cross-government strategy and action plan to tackle this issue in early spring."
The issue of drug resistance is as old as antibiotics themselves, and arises when drugs knock out susceptible infections, leaving hardier, resilient strains behind. The survivors then multiply, and over time can become unstoppable with frontline medicines. Some of the best known are so-called hospital superbugs such as MRSA that are at the root of outbreaks among patients.
"In the past, most people haven't worried because we've always had new antibiotics to turn to," said Alan Johnson, consultant clinical scientist at the Health Protection Agency. "What has changed is that the development pipeline is running dry. We don't have new antibiotics that we can rely on in the immediate future or in the longer term."
Changes in modern medicine have exacerbated the problem by making patients more susceptible to infections. For example, cancer treatments weaken the immune system, and the use of catheters increases the chances of bugs entering the bloodstream.
"We are becoming increasingly reliant on antibiotics in a whole range of areas of medicine. If we don't have new antibiotics to deal with the problems of resistance we see, we are going to be in serious trouble," Johnson added.
The supply of new antibiotics has dried up for several reasons, but a major one is that drugs companies see greater profits in medicines that treat chronic conditions, such as heart disease, which patients must take for years or even decades. "There is a broken market model for making new antibiotics," Davies told the MPs.
Davies has met senior officials at the World Health Organisation and her counterparts in other countries to develop a strategy to tackle antibiotic resistance globally.
Drug resistance is emerging in diseases across the board. Davies said 80% of gonorrhea was now resistant to the frontline antibiotic tetracycline, and infections were rising in young and middle-aged people. Multi-drug resistant TB was also a major threat, she said.
Another worrying trend is the rise in infections that are resistant to powerful antibiotics called carbapenems, which doctors rely on to tackle the most serious infections. Resistant bugs carry a gene variant that allows them to destroy the drug. What concerns some scientists is that the gene variant can spread freely between different kinds of bacteria, said Johnson.
Bacteria resistant to carbapenems were first detected in the UK in 2003, when three cases were reported. The numbers remained low until 2007, but have since leapt to 333 in 2010, with 217 cases in the first six months of 2011, according to the latest figures from the HPA.
Posted in Current Events, Discerning the Times, Perplexity, prophetic, Signs of The Times | Leave a Comment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Of the approximately 140 different penalties that the IRS has to choose from, the failure-to-file penalty (FTF) is one of the harshest and most common. The IRS assess a penalty each month a tax return is not filed. This penalty is 10 times more than the failure to pay penalty and is intended to discourage those who owe taxes from hiding from the IRS and encourage them to come forward, file their taxes and work with the IRS to pay back the taxes they owe, even if they're unable to pay in full.
The penalty begins calculating the day after the tax return filing due date. The typical due date for filing a tax return is April 15th if an extension has not been made. If an extension has been filed for and accepted before the April 15th due date, then the adjusted due date is October 15th. If you have requested an extension to file and did not pay at least 90% of the taxes you owe by April 15th, you will be charged the failure-to-pay penalty for the time period between April 15th and October 15th in which you still have not paid. If your balance remains unpaid and unfiled after the October 15th deadline, the penalty will kick in.
FTF Penalty, Due Date April 15th: A 5% penalty will begin to accrue on April 16th. The penalty is calculated based on the original amount of taxes owed; additional penalties and interest are not taken into account. The maximum penalty for failing to file by the due date is 25%, which is reached within 5 months, or September 16th of the same year after the due date. If the taxes are not filed within 60 days of the due date then the minimum penalty will be the lesser of $135 or 100% of the unpaid tax amount.
FTF Penalty, Due Date October 15th: A 5% penalty will begin to accrue on October 16th. The penalty is calculated based on the original amount of taxes owed. The maximum that the penalty can be is 25% of the original tax amount owed. It is important to note that if you do not pay 90% of your taxes by April 15th, you will be charged a failure-to-pay penalty of .5% for any dates that your taxes remain unpaid between April 16th and October 15th, and when the failure-to-file penalty kicks in on October 16th, you will pay the combined penalty, which is 4.5% for the FTF penalty and .5% for the failure to pay penalty. If you still have not paid your tax bill by the time this combined penalty maxes out at 25%, you will continue to be charged the failure-to-pay penalty of .5%.
The IRS has the power to reduce or eliminate the penalties charged against you – a process known as tax penalty abatement. In fact, approximately 33% of all penalties that the IRS charges are later removed. It is difficult to have penalties removed for more than one year as you will need to have "reasonable cause," which in this case means that you have a valid excuse for not filing your taxes on time. The IRS does offer first time abatements for the FTF, failure to pay and the failure to deposit penalties, but again this is for one year generally. The IRS accepts a broad range of excuses and evaluates each one on a case-by-case basis when it comes to including more than one year.
There are a number of ways to file for penalty abatement and if you have been charged a significant amount of money in penalties, it is worth your while to look into whether or not you qualify. The IRS understands that certain circumstances arise to keep taxpayers from complying with the tax filing and payment deadlines. Penalties are automatically charged to anyone who is non-compliant but can be removed fairly easily with reasonable cause.
If you were hit with this penalty there is a possibility that you can get this penalty removed if you have "reasonable cause" for not filing and not paying on time.
You will not always be hit with this penalty if you file taxes late. Depending on your situation, you may not actually be hit with any penalty. Know what type of penalty will hit you depending on your unique situation.
Haven't paid your taxes when they were due? There are a variety of penalties you may be charged depending upon your situation.
If you underpaid your taxes through the year you may be hit with an underpayment penalty with interest. Understand how IRS interest rates are determined, which are applicable to you, and what you can do to lessen them.
General information about IRS penalties, what the common IRS penalties are and what can be done to reduce the penalties that you've been charged with.
Tax evasion can lead to fines up to 500K with imprisonment up to 5 years. Learn what tax evasion is and the various penalties that can be associated with it.
You can significantly reduce the amount of penalties being charged to your account by simply entering into a payment plan with the IRS. Here is a guide on picking the best payment plan for your situation.


Hex uses a lattice roll in place of the traditional piano roll. This enables unfamiliar microtonal scales to be intuitively visualized, and their tuning to be dynamically manipulated. The light buttons/lanes can be thought of as generalized "diatonic" notes, and the dark buttons/lanes as generalized "chromatic" notes.
1 – The hexagonal lattice represents the available notes, similar to a piano roll.
2 – Drag the tuning slider to transform the lattice and change the tuning.
3 – Click the tuning value, which displays the precise tuning in cents, to enter any exact value.
4 – Double-click in the envelope to insert a new node for automating changes to the tuning and lattice shear.
5 – The sequencer displays the notes of a sequence. Click inside a note lane and drag to the right to create a new note. Click and drag on top of a note to adjust its velocity, or on the right of a note to adjust its length.
This entry was posted in Free Audio Music Soft and tagged Dynamic Tonality, MIDI, MIDI Sequencer, MIDI Step Sequencer. Bookmark the permalink.


Following a short break since last weekend's Red Bull Indianapolis Grand Prix, the 2013 Moto2 Championship got underway Friday with the first practices for the Czech Republic Grand Prix at Brno.
And setting the pace in the second free practice was Marc VDS Racing Team's Mike Kallio. He led the way from Italtrans Racing Team's Takaaki Nakagami and Tuenti HP 40's Pol Espargaro, although it was Espargaro's morning time that established the overall pace for the day.
Recovering from a crash in the morning, Nakagami looked set to go quickest in the afternoon, only for Kallio to top the timesheets with his last effort.
As the Finn led the way, Nakagami and Espargaro were separated by fractions while Indianapolis winner Tito Rabat (Tuenti HP 40) and Johann Zarco (Came Iodaracing Project) rounded out the top five. It was a relatively quiet day for Redding, ending proceedings eighth, but title rival Espargaro set the fastest overall lap time with 2'03.125 in the morning.
A selection of riders hit trouble during the day, not least Thai Honda PTT Gresini Moto2's Thitipong Warokorn who suffered a non-displaced fracture of his right fibula after crashing in the first session; the Thai rookie was able to continue in the afternoon. Three riders would crash in the afternoon: Axel Pons (Tuenti HP 40), Alex de Angelis (NGM Mobile Forward Racing) and Dani Rivas (Blusens Avintia).


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
David Pastrnak
Position: RW Weight: 194 Birthplace: Havirov, Czech Republic
Game Logs 2019-2020
Date Opp Result G A Pts +/- PIM SOG SPct. PP PPA SHG SHA GWG TOI
10/03 @ Dal W 2-1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 16:47
10/05 @ Ari W 1-0 0 0 0 1 2 3 - 0 0 0 0 0 16:10
10/08 @ VGK W 4-3 1 2 3 1 0 6 16.7% 0 1 0 0 0 19:26
10/10 @ Col L 2-4 1 1 2 0 0 5 20.0% 0 0 0 0 0 21:59
10/12 NJ W 3-0 0 1 1 1 0 2 - 0 0 0 0 0 16:07
10/14 Anh W 4-2 4 0 4 1 2 5 80.0% 2 0 0 0 1 16:13
10/17 TB L-SO 3-4 2 1 3 0 0 4 50.0% 2 1 0 0 0 21:34
10/19 @ Tor OTL 3-4 1 1 2 0 0 2 50.0% 0 1 0 0 0 24:10
10/22 Tor W 4-2 1 1 2 1 0 5 20.0% 1 0 0 0 0 18:10
10/26 StL W 3-0 1 0 1 0 0 3 33.3% 1 0 0 0 1 17:33
10/27 @ NYR W 7-4 0 5 5 4 2 2 - 0 0 0 0 0 16:02
10/29 SJ W 5-1 1 0 1 0 0 3 33.3% 1 0 0 0 0 14:58
11/02 Ott W 5-2 1 2 3 0 0 3 33.3% 1 1 0 0 0 16:56
11/04 Pit W 6-4 1 1 2 1 0 5 20.0% 0 0 0 0 0 20:34
11/05 @ Mon L 4-5 1 0 1 -2 2 4 25.0% 1 0 0 0 0 21:22
11/08 @ Det L 2-4 0 0 0 -2 4 5 - 0 0 0 0 0 23:38
11/10 Phi L-SO 2-3 0 0 0 1 2 4 - 0 0 0 0 0 21:58
11/12 Fla L-SO 4-5 1 0 1 0 0 8 12.5% 0 0 0 0 0 21:55
11/15 @ Tor W 4-2 0 0 0 0 2 3 - 0 0 0 0 0 17:41
11/16 Was L-SO 2-3 1 0 1 0 2 5 20.0% 0 0 0 0 0 22:58
11/19 @ NJ W 5-1 2 0 2 1 0 6 33.3% 1 0 0 0 1 16:45
11/21 Buf W 3-2 1 1 2 1 0 7 14.3% 1 0 0 0 1 20:02
11/23 Min W 5-4 0 0 0 1 0 4 - 0 0 0 0 0 17:46
11/26 @ Mon W 8-1 3 0 3 1 0 4 75.0% 1 0 0 0 1 16:00
11/27 @ Ott W 2-1 0 0 0 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 0 0 19:41
11/29 NYR W 3-2 1 1 2 2 0 5 20.0% 0 0 0 0 0 21:42
12/01 Mon W 3-1 1 0 1 0 0 3 33.3% 0 0 0 0 0 20:37
12/03 Car W 2-0 0 1 1 1 2 3 - 0 0 0 0 0 18:59
12/05 Chi OTL 3-4 0 0 0 -1 4 2 - 0 0 0 0 0 19:59
12/07 Col L 1-4 0 0 0 -1 0 3 - 0 0 0 0 0 18:43
12/09 @ Ott L 2-5 0 2 2 -1 2 5 - 0 1 0 0 0 22:05
12/11 @ Was L 2-3 1 0 1 1 0 4 25.0% 0 0 0 0 0 21:16
12/12 @ TB L 2-3 0 0 0 0 0 3 - 0 0 0 0 0 20:13
12/14 @ Fla W 4-2 2 0 2 1 0 6 33.3% 1 0 0 0 1 16:42
12/17 LA OTL 3-4 0 1 1 0 0 3 - 0 1 0 0 0 20:50
12/19 NYI L-SO 2-3 0 1 1 -1 0 3 - 0 1 0 0 0 23:52
12/21 Nsh OTL 3-4 0 1 1 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 0 0 21:47
12/23 Was W 7-3 0 3 3 2 2 1 - 0 1 0 0 0 18:30
12/27 @ Buf W 3-0 0 2 2 1 2 2 - 0 1 0 0 0 17:20
12/31 @ NJ L-SO 2-3 0 1 1 -1 0 9 - 0 1 0 0 0 21:06
01/02 Cls OTL 1-2 1 0 1 -1 0 5 20.0% 1 0 0 0 0 19:58
01/04 Edm L 1-4 1 0 1 -1 0 5 20.0% 1 0 0 0 0 22:22
01/07 @ Nsh W 6-2 1 0 1 1 0 3 33.3% 0 0 0 0 0 15:25
01/09 Wpg W 5-4 3 0 3 2 0 5 60.0% 1 0 0 0 0 20:34
01/11 @ NYI W 3-2 0 0 0 0 0 5 - 0 0 0 0 0 21:14
01/13 @ Phi L-SO 5-6 1 0 1 0 0 3 33.3% 0 0 0 0 0 18:58
01/14 @ Cls L 0-3 0 0 0 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 0 0 19:35
01/16 Pit W 4-1 0 2 2 1 0 3 - 0 0 0 0 0 20:02
01/19 @ Pit L 3-4 1 1 2 0 0 5 20.0% 0 0 0 0 0 20:44
01/21 VGK W 3-2 0 0 0 0 0 4 - 0 0 0 0 0 21:38


text:
Q: Scrapy crawl and downloading particular Type files I'm very new to this, My Task is : Let me tell what exactly I need, I want to scrapy to search and download for some contract which TYPE is EX-10.1, EX-10.2, etc., upto EX-10.99. Contracts available in .htm format and txt format.
1. How to scrap the links and download.
2. How to filter the file types and download.
Scrapy wants to go through this path and download, Path : url->Enter into  each CIK links -> search and Download the EX-10 Type files.
My code
import urlparse

from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.spiders import BaseSpider
class legco(BaseSpider):
name = "sec_gov"

allowed_domains = ["www.sec.gov", "search.usa.gov", "secsearch.sec.gov"]
start_urls = ["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?company=&match=&CIK=&filenum=&State=&Country=&SIC=2834&owner=exclude&Find=Find+Companies&action=getcompany"]

#extract search results
def parse(self, response):
for link in response.xpath('//div[@id="seriesDiv"]//table[@class="tableFile2"]/a/@href').extract():
    req = Request(url = link, callback = self.parse_page)
    yield req

def parse(self, response):
base_url = 'http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar'
for a in response.xpath('//a[@href]/@href'):
    link = a.extract()
    if link.endswith('.htm'):
        link = urlparse.urljoin(base_url, link)
        yield Request(link, callback = self.save_pdf)

def save_pdf(self, response):
path = response.url.split('/')[-1]
with open(path, 'wb') as f:
    f.write(response.body)

What changes I have to do? Can anyone help me with this Issue please. Thank you in Advance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
George Zarkadakis
The official blog of author George Zarkadakis
The Island Survival Guide
Archipelago Republic
End of the East
The Secrets of the Lands Without
Noetics
In Our Own Image
A ubiquitous form of energy which could save the planet, an archaeologist in search for Atlantis, a biologist studying an endemic lizard whose skin excretes hallucinogens, an Australian tycoon and an ex-computer programmer, merge into a frantic adventure of idealism and deceit.
Early one summer, Vassili, the main hero, arrives at Irekoussa, a rocky island in the Aegean Sea, to meet up with his old school friend Serius. Upon arrival he is met by a beautiful young woman named Sonja, who informs him that Serius' father had a stroke the day before and so Serius had to leave in haste for Athens. She invites Vassili to stay with her till Serius' return. Through her, Vassili will become acquainted with Nico Kaloyanni, an Argentinean of Irekoussian decent, who has returned to his ancestors' island to carry on with his late father's research on Aggelokastro. Vassili will learn more about Aggelokastro ("the castle of angels") -and its demise by the Ottoman admiral Kemal Reis in 1474 -, as well as its founder Laonikos Kantzis, a student of the 15-century Neo-Platonist philosopher Pletho. The citizens of the last bastion of the Byzantine Empire were not Christians but a strange brand of Zoroastrianism, Mithraism and Paganism.
Meanwhile, Serius' father passes away. Pete Megalokonomou, another Irekoussean immigrant, from Melbourne, returns to the island of his ancestors with a plan to acquire Aggelokastro and transform it into an "archaeological tourist resort".
Vassili, having fallen in love with Sonja, will find himself entangled into a feud that has its roots in the fatal visit of Irekoussa of Ernesto Malipiero, an emissary of Lorenzo Medici the Magnificent, who travelled in Irekoussa in 1474 in order to obtain "maps and books" for the Medici Platonic Academy in Florence. By reading through the travel chronicle of the Italian he discovers that along with him travelled a certain captain Colon – alias Christopher Colombus -who was particularly keen to obtain a map. Sonja will invite Vassili to a ceremony at Aggelokastro where Nico unleashes the power of son luminescence, the secret weapon of the Plethonians. Atlantis, the maps of Piri Reis (nephew of Kemal Reis), the discovery of America, the Aztec myths, will come into focus and take on a new perspective.
Irekoussa will be re-born like Aphrodite from the froth and everything will seem to have changed.
Greece: Kedros (1999)
Zarkadakis succeeds in creating a climate by placing his renaissance heroes in motion, or when he throws his modern heroes into the whirl of time. He is very apt in using the interchanging of the plot in the various time frames, as well as in the organization of their mutual penetration into the climax of his story….
(ELEFTHEROTYPIA)
Zarkadakis is back, with an ambitious novel and a complex plot, which hides multiple surprises…
(TO VIMA)
A multilevel Greek novel which, we are glad to see in the bookstore windows, as well as our own bookshelves.
(MIRROR)
The writing will satisfy the most demanding reader and the plot will take you into a magical world.
(ACTION)
The universe of the novel manages to combine successfully the past and the present, involving a lot of soul-searching, historical fact, exotic beauties, digital wanderings and original erotic metaphor.
(STATUS)
Zarkadakis story-telling is vibrant and flexible…a pleasure to read. (TA NEA)
Great achievement! Congratulations @haya2e_jaxa Our horizons as a species are so much broader now... #SolarSystem… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 5 days ago
RT @TEDxThess: How can we protect our democracy? @zarkadakis argues that citizen assemblies may be the way to reclaim our decision making p… 1 week ago
Follow @zarkadakis
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All Companies at some point in their trading life will replace equipment that requires updating or upgrading. Leasing these items means that upfront payment in full is not required, this helps cash flow and enables you to budget accurately over a fixed period for the use and cost of the asset whilst obtaining the best tax benefits for your business. The Leasing of Assets has been the favoured route of businesses for a number of years and is still the best way to obtain new equipment for your business today.
Equipment Leasing gives you the opportunity to regularly update your assets for a fixed monthly cost, it in turn allows for accurate forecasting and improved cash flow. In the current economic climate it makes sound business sense to minimise your risk and keep money in the company.
One last benefit that most companies over look is by Leasing your Equipment from Thames Valley Leasing you are opening another line of funding. Too many times businesses have relied on their bank for lending and become fully committed very quickly. If funds are required for the short term to stabilise business accounts, banks have declined to assist due to its exposure to the customer. This has become even more prevalent over the last 12 months with Bank Managers being heavily audited, some clients have had business loans recalled or re structured, this can be catastrophic for small to medium sized business that have relied too much on a bank relationship for all their purchases.
For a free consultation or if you require any further assistance on Equipment Leasing please call our team on 01344 206223.


Described as what "jazz would look like if put into human form," HOWL is a wild physical work that takes the text of Allen Ginsberg's revolutionary poem and matches it with four restless and visionary young men. Opening with the immortal line, "I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness," HOWL imagines Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Neal Cassady, and Carl Solomon – to whom the poem is dedicated, as well as the ghost of Naomi Ginsberg – Allen's mother, and sets them to life using the poem as guide.
HOWL is a play about men and madness in America.


Physician reviewed Prevacid OTC patient information - includes Prevacid OTC description, dosage and directions.
Prevacid official prescribing information for healthcare professionals. Includes: indications, dosage, adverse reactions, pharmacology and more.
Find a comprehensive guide to possible side effects including common and rare side effects when taking Prevacid (Lansoprazole) for healthcare professionals and consumers.


This is a one of a kind hat made using 100% upcycled sweater and t-shirt. It is made in the Ragga style and features the "Double Circle" applique on the right side. The main body of the hat in a red, magenta and grey striped sweater and the band is in solid red t-shirt.


Motorpoint stars Ed Clancy and Andy Tennant will ride for Rapha-Condor-Sharp in 2011.
It has since become known that the Motorpoint team will continue for next season, with an increased budget.
"Ed is a rider we've had our eye on for a long time, but he's tremendously loyal and so it wasn't really possible to progress that discussion until it became apparent that his former team was unlikely to continue next year," team manager John Herety said.
A world omnium champion and Olympic gold medallist on the track, Clancy was also crowned national circuit race champion in June. Both he and Tennant are in the current Great Britain pursuit team which will be competing at the European championships in Poland this week.
On the road, both also played key roles in Motorpoint's succesful Tour Series campaign this year.
"I think in the short term we can provide Ed with a stable environment that compliments and supports his commitment to GB cycling. In the long term I think we can provide the setting in which Ed develops into the type of road rider he's indicated he wants to become in the future," Herety said.
With the signing of James McCallum announced last month, Rapha-Condor-Sharp look to be in a strong position for next season, despite the recent retirement of Premier Calendar winner Chris Newton.


text:
The Old McHenry County Courthouse, the majestic anchor of the bustling Historic Woodstock Square, was erected in 1857, designed by John Mills Van Osdel, chief architect of Chicago's Palmer House. The building was joined by the accompanying Sheriff's House & Jail in 1887, and issued landmark status by the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. After a new government center was built in 1972, local residents purchased the historic buildings and established an art gallery, studios, restaurant and museum space, including the former Chester Gould/Dick Tracy Museum. By 2011 it was clear the buildings' growing repair and restoration needs were cost-prohibitive for continued private ownership, and the buildings were transferred to City of Woodstock. A professional assessment of the buildings' condition was conducted and an outline of essential repairs, and estimated costs, was provided.
The City has invested over $1 million in a new roof, dome, stairs and structural repairs, to stabilize the buildings. Estimates on remaining work, required to ensure building safety and effect build-out for future tenants, range from $5-7 million. Please consider a donation to our "Windows to Our History" campaign. Window replacement is a key component of the restoration process as it will stabilize the building, preventing further deterioration from weather damage. Donations will be recognized with a plaque on the FOTOC wall. Please support FOTOC's efforts to establish a sustainable public usage of this grand historic structure.
NOTE: Please email the name(s) as you would like them to appear on the plaque to Sue.FOTOC@mail.com after completing payment.
Judge level of Windows to Our History Donation at $2,500
Attorney level of Windows to Our History Donation at $1,000
Bailiff level of Windows to Our History Donation at $500
Jury level of Windows to Our History Donation at $100.00
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The Friends of the Old Courthouse board meets once a month. If you are interested in attending a meeting or joining the board, please contact Julie Miller or Sue Stelford.Like this:Like Loading...


Corporate America, and banks in particular, are trying to patent blockhain technologies. Bank of America has applied for more than 20 patents related blockchain technology, as far back as 2014. Those patent applications have recently published, thus making them public. Bank of America's foray into the blockchain patent space raises many concerns for the numerous startups crowding into this technology: Can the bank really patent this stuff? Will that mean no one else can do blockchain without paying a license to Bank of America?
Since the 1970's, Alice and Bob have held court as the notorious archetypes in the field of cryptography and complex computational transactions. For years, they have aided in the explanation of complicated network transactions, and in 2008, they were called upon in Satoshi Nakamoto's paper that established the groundwork for blockchain. Alice's and Bob's notoriety has recently resurfaced in the scores of articles explaining blockchain to experts and laymen alike.
Yet, in the world of patents, a different Alice looms large. She has become a worthy contender who must be taken seriously in the development of an IP strategy for any blockchain startup. In June 2014, the United States Supreme Court issued a case titled, Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank, which has significantly changed the patent landscape.
While the Supreme Court's opinion in the Alice case was paradigm-shifting, more important has been the case's application by district courts throughout the country in the wake of the Alice decision. District courts pounced upon Alice to begin invalidating scores of patents that just a few years ago would have survived litigation. Suddenly, any patent that smacked of software or is applied on general purpose computers is suddenly susceptible to invalidation under Alice.
There are at least two cases from the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the authoritative appellate court for patent cases) that have provided guidance on which patents fall into Alice's trap and which do not. In Ultramercial v. Hulu, the patent was directed a process of offering copyrighted material on a webpage in exchange for viewing a selected advertisement. The Court held that the patent was directed to the abstract idea of showing advertisements before delivering free content (or using advertisements as a form of currency). The patent was held invalid.
In another case, DDR Holdings v. Hotels.com, the patents were directed to creating composite web pages that combined visual elements of a host (such as the look and feel of the page) with content from a merchant (product information from a third-party). The court held that the patents were not directed to an abstract idea simply implemented on a computer, but instead solved a technological problem that made computers function better. In this case, the patents were held to be valid.
More risky may be patents that take the existing blockchain technology and come up with a new use for it. These patents are less likely to solve precise problems arising in the realm of blockchain technology. In this case, careful patent drafting that is mindful of the pitfalls of Alice, Ultramercial and DDR, will be necessary to secure patents that will actually be useful down the road when the patents need to be put to work.
transfer the quantity of cryptocurrency to the electronic payment service.
While this claim may appear to be very detailed, it may fall on the wrong side of Alice, DDR and Ultramercial. Specifically, it describes a system for processing a payment using general purpose computer equipment, where the only purported difference from the billions of electronics transfers occurring before this patent is that it is directed to a "cryptocurrency" transaction. Arguably, this patent would potentially preclude all cryptocurrency transactions without a license, and it arguably does not solve a specific problem arising within the context of blockchain technology.
Indeed, the Patent Office has twice rejected all pending claims under § 101 as ineligible under Alice. The Examiner asserted that all claims are directed to the abstract idea of transferring currencies in a manner that relates to a "fundamental economic principle" without significantly more. BOA has responded with an argument under DDR Holdings, arguing that, "the claims at issue here are necessarily rooted in computer network technology because they address a problem that only arises in the realm of information security in a computer network, which is necessarily rooted in computer network technology." BOA has cited additional caselaw, including the recent McRo decision, as a basis for allowing its patents over Alice, but those arguments have not yet prevails.
It remains to be seen whether BOA will succeed in acquiring a healthy portfolio of blockchain patents. But the back and forth with the Patent Office to date illustrates how difficult, and formidable, a task it has proven to be get past Alice.


In reading through the Marine rosters, I noticed that one of the Marines is nicknamed "Rook". I assume that's meant to be the same character Lance Henriksen will voice in the new game? Infestation even drops not-so-subtle hints that Rook is an android.
I'm the droid you're looking for.
Yes, Rook is most probably going to be an android.
So this time, the crew knows that an android is with them?
I use logic, I use it to make everything canon.
Doubt it, according to the roster none of Rook's comrades know anything about him that would indicate that.
EDIT: Can people use spoiler tags please? I still haven't played the game.
EDIT: Oh you mean Infestation? Sorry, I thought this was about Colonial Marines.
Bishop and Rook are both chess pieces.
Dude. It's not a country song. It's a cowboy song.
Page created in 0.055 seconds with 30 queries.


text:
Home All posts Fred Snodgrass
Fred Snodgrass
Fred Snodgrass : biography
October 18, 1887 – April 5, 1974
Frederick Carlisle "Snow" Snodgrass (October 19, 1887 – April 5, 1974) was an American center fielder in Major League baseball from 1908 to 1916 for the New York Giants and the Boston Braves. He played under manager John McGraw and with some of the game's early greats, including Christy Mathewson. He is best known for dropping a key fly ball in the 1912 World Series.
Snodgrass hit a career high .321 in 1910, his first full season with the Giants. From 1911-1913, he played in three consecutive World Series, but the Giants lost all three. In the second, the 1912 Series, Snodgrass committed one of the most famous errors in baseball history. In the 10th inning of the deciding game, Snodgrass, who was among the National League's best outfielders, dropped a routine fly ball that put the tying run on second base. He proceeded to make a spectacular game-saving catch on the next play, but the Sox went on to score two runs in the inning to win the series.
Snodgrass before a game of the 1911 World SeriesGiants manager John McGraw was not among those who blamed Snodgrass for the loss. In his book My Thirty Years in the Game, McGraw remarked, "Often I have been asked what I did to Fred Snodgrass after he dropped that fly ball in the World Series of 1912…I will tell you exactly what I did: I raised his salary $1,000." Just the same, the error became known as "Snodgrass's Muff" and also, the "$30,000 Muff."
Part way through the 1915 season, with his batting average below .200, New York released Snodgrass. He subsequently signed with the Boston Braves. The next year, 1916, was his last. Despite hitting .249 for the Braves that season, he retired from the game.
In the early 1960s, a half-century after his infamous dropped ball, Snodgrass recounted the error in an interview with author Lawrence Ritter. The interview was included in Ritter's renowned baseball book The Glory of Their Times, which featured oral accounts by 26 of the game's oldest surviving players.
Personal life and death
Snodgrass was born in Ventura, California, the son of Andrew Jackson Snodgrass and his wife Addie (McCoy). While playing for the Giants, he lived with his wife Josephine (Vickers) in New York City. After leaving the Braves, he returned to California, where the couple had two daughters, Eleanor in 1917 and Elizabeth in 1921.
Snodgrass attended St. Vincent's College in Los Angeles before joining the Giants. Later, he became a successful banker and was a popular city councilman and mayor in Oxnard, the largest city in his native Ventura County. His error in the 1912 World Series, however, remained with him to the end. When he died on April 5, 1974, his obituary in the New York Times was headlined "Fred Snodgrass, 86, Dead; Ball Player Muffed 1912 Fly."
Snodgrass was buried in Ventura's Ivy Lawn Memorial Park. His wife Josephine died on January 1, 1983.
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text:
Patient Story
Myasthenia Gravis FAQs
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body.
The name myasthenia gravis, which is Latin and Greek in origin, literally means "grave muscle weakness."
With current therapies, however, most cases of myasthenia gravis are not as "grave" as the name implies. In fact, for the majority of individuals with myasthenia gravis, life expectancy is not lessened by the disorder.
The hallmark of myasthenia gravis is muscle weakness that increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. Certain muscles such as those that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often, but not always, involved in the disorder. The muscles that control breathing and neck and limb movements may also be affected.
***This information is reprinted with permission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, a part of the National Institutes of Health.***
What causes myasthenia gravis?
Toggle accordion item
Myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. It occurs when normal communication between the nerve and muscle is interrupted at the neuromuscular junction - the place where nerve cells connect with the muscles they control. Normally when impulses travel down the nerve, the nerve endings release a neurotransmitter substance called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine travels through the neuromuscular junction and binds to acetylcholine receptors which are activated and generate a muscle contraction.
In myasthenia gravis, antibodies block, alter, or destroy the receptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction which prevents muscle contraction from occurring. These antibodies are produced by the body's own immune system. Thus, myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease because the immune system - which normally protects the body from foreign organisms - mistakenly attacks itself.
What is the role of the thymus gland in myasthenia gravis?
The thymus gland, which lies in the upper chest area beneath the breastbone, plays an important role in the development of the immune system in early life. Its cells form a part of the body's normal immune system. The gland is somewhat large in infants, grows gradually until puberty, and then gets smaller and is replaced by fat with age. In adults with myasthenia gravis, the thymus gland is abnormal. It contains certain clusters of immune cells indicative of lymphoid hyperplasia - a condition usually found only in the spleen and lymph nodes during an active immune response. Some individuals with myasthenia gravis develop thymomas or tumors of the thymus gland. Generally thymomas are benign, but they can become malignant.
The relationship between the thymus gland and myasthenia gravis is not yet fully understood. Scientists believe the thymus gland may give incorrect instructions to developing immune cells, ultimately resulting in autoimmunity and the production of the acetylcholine receptor antibodies, thereby setting the stage for the attack on neuromuscular transmission.
What are the symptoms of myasthenia gravis?
Although myasthenia gravis may affect any voluntary muscle, muscles that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, and swallowing are most frequently affected. The onset of the disorder may be sudden. Symptoms often are not immediately recognized as myasthenia gravis.
In most cases, the first noticeable symptom is weakness of the eye muscles. In others, difficulty in swallowing and slurred speech may be the first signs. The degree of muscle weakness involved in myasthenia gravis varies greatly among patients, ranging from a localized form, limited to eye muscles (ocular myasthenia), to a severe or generalized form in which many muscles - sometimes including those that control breathing - are affected. Symptoms, which vary in type and severity, may include a drooping of one or both eyelids (ptosis), blurred or double vision (diplopia) due to weakness of the muscles that control eye movements, unstable or waddling gait, weakness in arms, hands, fingers, legs, and neck, a change in facial expression, difficulty in swallowing and shortness of breath, and impaired speech (dysarthria).
Who gets myasthenia gravis?
Myasthenia gravis occurs in all ethnic groups and both genders. It most commonly affects young adult women (under 40) and older men (over 60), but it can occur at any age.
In neonatal myasthenia, the fetus may acquire immune proteins (antibodies) from a mother affected with myasthenia gravis. Generally, cases of neonatal myasthenia gravis are transient (temporary) and the child's symptoms usually disappear within 2-3 months after birth. Other children develop myasthenia gravis indistinguishable from adults. Myasthenia gravis in juveniles is common.
Myasthenia gravis is not directly inherited nor is it contagious. Occasionally, the disease may occur in more than one member of the same family. Rarely, children may show signs of congenital myasthenia or congenital myasthenic syndrome. These are not autoimmune disorders, but are caused by defective genes that produce proteins in the acetylcholine receptor or in acetylcholinesterase.
How is myasthenia gravis diagnosed?
Unfortunately, a delay in diagnosis of one or two years is not unusual in cases of myasthenia gravis. Because weakness is a common symptom of many other disorders, the diagnosis is often missed in people who experience mild weakness or in those individuals whose weakness is restricted to only a few muscles.
The first steps of diagnosing myasthenia gravis include a review of the individual's medical history, and physical and neurological examinations. The signs a physician must look for are impairment of eye movements or muscle weakness without any changes in the individual's ability to feel things. If the doctor suspects myasthenia gravis,several tests are available to confirm the diagnosis.
A special blood test can detect the presence of immune molecules or acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Most patients with myasthenia gravis have abnormally elevated levels of these antibodies. However, antibodies may not be detected in patients with only ocular forms of the disease.
Another test is called the edrophonium test. This approach requires the intravenous administration of edrophonium chloride or Tensilon(r), a drug that blocks the degradation (breakdown) of acetylcholine and temporarily increases the levels of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. In people with myasthenia gravis involving the eye muscles, edrophonium chloride will briefly relieve weakness. Other methods to confirm the diagnosis include a version of nerve conduction study which tests for specific muscle "fatigue" by repetitive nerve stimulation. This test records weakening muscle responses when the nerves are repetitively stimulated. Repetitive stimulation of a nerve during a nerve conduction study may demonstrate decrements of the muscle action potential due to impaired nerve-to-muscle transmission.
A different test called single fiber electromyography (EMG), in which single muscle fibers are stimulated by electrical impulses, can also detect impaired nerve-to-muscle transmission. EMG measures the electrical potential of muscle cells. Muscle fibers in myasthenia gravis, as well as other neuromuscular disorders, do not respond as well to repeated electrical stimulation compared to muscles from normal individuals. Computed tomography (CT) may be used to identify an abnormal thymus gland or the presence of a thymoma.
A special examination called pulmonary function testing - which measures breathing strength - helps to predict whether respiration may fail and lead to a myasthenic crisis.
How is myasthenia gravis treated?
Today, myasthenia gravis can be controlled. There are several therapies available to help reduce and improve muscle weakness. Medications used to treat the disorder include anticholinesterase agents such as neostigmine and pyridostigmine, which help improve neuromuscular transmission and increase muscle strength. Immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine may also be used. These medications improve muscle strength by suppressing the production of abnormal antibodies. They must be used with careful medical followup because they may cause major side effects.
Thymectomy, the surgical removal of the thymus gland (which often is abnormal in myasthenia gravis patients), reduces symptoms in more than 70 percent of patients without thymoma and may cure some individuals, possibly by re-balancing the immune system. Other therapies used to treat myasthenia gravis include plasmapheresis, a procedure in which abnormal antibodies are removed from the blood, and high-dose intravenous immune globulin, which temporarily modifies the immune system and provides the body with normal antibodies from donated blood. These therapies may be used to help individuals during especially difficult periods of weakness. A neurologist will determine which treatment option is best for each individual depending on the severity of the weakness, which muscles are affected, and the individual's age and other associated medical problems.
What are myasthenic crises?
A myasthenic crisis occurs when the muscles that control breathing weaken to the point that ventilation is inadequate, creating a medical emergency and requiring a respirator for assisted ventilation. In patients whose respiratory muscles are weak, crises - which generally call for immediate medical attention - may be triggered by infection, fever, an adverse reaction to medication, or emotional stress.
What is the prognosis?
With treatment, the outlook for most patients with myasthenia gravis is bright: they will have significant improvement of their muscle weakness and they can expect to lead normal or nearly normal lives. Some cases of myasthenia gravis may go into remission temporarily and muscle weakness may disappear completely so that medications can be discontinued. Stable, long-lasting complete remissions are the goal of thymectomy. In a few cases, the severe weakness of myasthenia gravis may cause a crisis (respiratory failure), which requires immediate emergency medical care. (see above).
What research is being done?
Within the Federal Government, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), one of the Federal Government's National Institutes of Health (NIH), has primary responsibility for conducting and supporting research on myasthenia gravis.
Much has been learned about myasthenia gravis in recent years. Technological advances have led to more timely and accurate diagnosis, and new and enhanced therapies have improved management of the disorder. Much knowledge has been gained about the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction, the fundamental aspects of the thymus gland and of autoimmunity, and the disorder itself. Despite these advances, however, there is still much to learn. The ultimate goal of myasthenia gravis research is to increase scientific understanding of the disorder. Researchers are seeking to learn what causes the autoimmune response in myasthenia gravis, and to better define the relationship between the thymus gland and myasthenia gravis.
Today's myasthenia gravis research includes a broad spectrum of studies conducted and supported by NINDS. NINDS scientists are evaluating new and improving current treatments for the disorder. One such study is testing the efficacy of intravenous immune globulin in patients with myasthenia gravis. The goal of the study is to determine whether this treatment safely improves muscle strength. Another study seeks further understanding of the molecular basis of synaptic transmission in the nervous system. The objective of this study is to expand current knowledge of the function of receptors and to apply this knowledge to the treatment of myasthenia gravis.


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Spike in number of Palestinian civilians killed near Gaza perimeter fence
Amneh Qdeih, 57, a resident of the town of Khuza'ah, was killed on Friday, 28 February 2014. She died of a gunshot wound to her abdomen fired at her when she approached Gaza's perimeter fence. Her relatives told B'Tselem field researcher Khaled al-'Azayzeh that Qdeih, who was mentally ill, had been at a family wedding in the town of Khuza'ah, not far from the perimeter fence in the southeastern Gaza Strip. She did not return home with the rest her family, and when they realized she was missing, they began searching for her. At around 10:00 PM, her family heard gunshots, saw the light flares in the sky and noticed an ICRC jeep near the fence. At around 6:00 AM, they found Qdeih's body close to the perimeter fence, directly across from an Israeli military watchtower. Qdeih had sustained a gunshot wound to her abdomen. It is not clear whether she was killed instantaneously or bled to death for hours. The IDF Spokesperson told Israeli daily Haaretz that an IDF force fired at a person who was approaching the perimeter fence in the southern Gaza Strip and did not heed their calls to halt. The unit reported it had a confirmed hit on the target. The IDF Spokesperson did not explain why Qdeih was not given medical treatment that might have saved her life.
This is the fifth incident in the last three months in which Gaza residents who were not taking part in hostilities were killed by Israeli security forces near the perimeter fence. The civilians were shot when they were near the perimeter fence, on its Palestinian side. From late January 2013 to mid-December 2013 only one Palestinian was killed near the fence. The man was attempting to enter Israel without a permit when he was shot.
Since mid-December 2013, the number of live-fire casualties near the fence has been on the rise. In the ten weeks from 20 December 2013 to date, B'Tselem field researcher Muhammad Sabah has documented the injury of 55 individuals near the fence: 43 were injured by live fire; 10 by rubber-coated metal bullets; and two were hit in the head by a teargas canister. Figures published by OCHA also indicate that since mid-December there has been a sharp increase in the number of incidents in which civilian were injured by live gunfire near the Gaza perimeter fence. In all recent cases of civilian Palestinian fatalities near the Gaza perimeter fence, military officials were quoted in the media as saying that shots were fired at the individuals for being inside the off-limits zone or for sabotaging the fence.
On Friday, 20 December 2013, 'Odeh Hamad, 27, was shot while scrap-collecting metal and plastic at the Beit Hanoun garbage dump. According to B'Tselem's inquiries, Hamad was struck in the head by a live bullet at around 3:20 PM, while he was cutting the barbed wire fence which parallels the perimeter fence. His brother, Radad Hamad, told B'Tselem that they had heard neither warnings nor shots fired in the air prior to the shooting. Additional gunshots were then fired from the military tower located about 400 meters away, and Radad Hamad suffered a gunshot wound to his arm. 'Odeh Hamad was taken to the hospital in Beit Hanoun where he was pronounced dead. The IDF spokesperson said, "[O]n Friday, at midday, several suspects came close to the perimeter fence, within the area to which entry is prohibited, and sabotaged the fence barrier several times. The troops on site repeatedly tried to distance them, but as the sabotage continued, the force carried out suspect arrest procedure, during which one of the suspects was injured".
On Thursday, 2 January 2014, 'Adnan Abu Khater, 16, was walking with several other youths in an area close to perimeter fence, east of Jabalya. Abu Khater was shot in the abdomen by soldiers and died of his wounds the next day. According to military officials quoted in Israeli daily Haaretz, the youths had attempted to sabotage the perimeter fence, and therefore one of them was shot in the leg.
On Friday, 24 January 2014, Bilal 'Aweidah, 19, of Beit Lahiya in the northern Gaza Strip, was shot and killed several meters away from the perimeter fence. The area where 'Aweidah was shot is considered basically trouble-free and many civilians use it recreationally. According to B'Tselem's inquiries, 'Aweidah was taking strolling there with some friends. They approached the fence and, with their cellular phones, photographed one another near it, (see photos: link 1, link 2, link 3). When the young men came near a surveillance camera mounted on the perimeter fence, a single shot was fired at them from the nearby military watchtower. The bullet struck 'Aweidah in the chest. He was taken to Kamal 'Adwan Hospital in Beith Lahiya, where he was pronounced dead. According to military officials quoted in the news section of Israeli website Ynet, "In the early afternoon, dozens of Palestinians congregated in the restricted access area near the perimeter fence in the northern Gaza Strip and sabotaged it. The military states that in the course of attempts to distance the crowd, two suspects were struck by IDF gunfire. The IDF will not allow any harm to the perimeter fence, to the security of the State of Israel or to its citizens".
On Thursday, 13 February 2014, Ibrahim Mansur, 35, of Gaza City, was shot at a spot about 100 meters away from the perimeter fence, east of Gaza City. Mansur was collecting sand and gravel along with several other people at the time he was shot. According to B'Tselem's inquiries, at around 2:30 PM, several shots were fired at the group from a nearby military watchtower. Mansur was struck in the head, and another man suffered a minor leg injury. Both were taken to a-Shifaa Hospital, Gaza City. Mansur was pronounced dead shortly thereafter. According to a report in Israeli daily Haaretz, military officials said that the soldiers shot at Palestinians who had approached the perimeter fence in the northern Gaza Strip. The military claimed that the Palestinians tried to sabotage the fence and had entered the restricted access area.
The military refuses to publish the open-fire regulations issued to soldiers and as a result B'Tselem cannot know what regulations the soldiers follow. However, the official military responses in the media raise concerns that these regulations permit the use of live fire even in cases which pose no mortal danger to members of the security forces: in all of the above-cited cases, military officials said the soldiers resorted to gunfire because Palestinians had entered a restricted area and attempted to sabotage the fence.
Yet this explanation cannot constitute justification for the use of live fire. If there is a directive that permits live gunfire in these situations, it is unlawful. Clearly Israeli security forces have both the right and the duty to protect the border area and prevent actions directed against Israeli civilians, including unlawful attempts to cross the border into Israeli territory or plant explosives by the fence. Nonetheless, security forces may not achieve these goals by harming people who pose no threat to anyone.
Notwithstanding the military's classification of the area near the perimeter fence as no-go zones, Gaza residents use the area for a variety of patently civilian needs: work-related, recreational walks and demonstrations. In recent months, mostly on Fridays, many young people have been frequenting the area east of Jabalya Refugee Camp. Some take walks. Others rest. Some sell drinks and snacks. Others throw stones at the perimeter fence or try to hang Palestinian flags on it or burn tires. In a number of cases, young men lobbed Molotov cocktails at the fence and at the soldiers patrolling it. View B'Tselem photoblog on the topic
Given this reality, the security establishment cannot regard this area exclusively as a combat zone nor can it consider any person found there a security threat. The military must institute open-fire regulations that take this reality into account. The military must also instruct the troops that the use of live fire is absolutely prohibited for the purpose of getting Palestinian civilians who pose no threat to anyone to back away from the areas near the perimeter fence. In addition, the military must provide the units stationed along the fence with the appropriate gear and means for dealing with demonstrations or gatherings that are civilian in nature. However, so long as the youths do not pose any danger and do not attempt to sabotage the fence, these measures must not be used against them. Where there are clear grounds to suspect that the fence has been compromised or sabotaged, soldiers may use less lethal means, only using live fire in a cases of imminent mortal danger.
B'Tselem has contacted the MAG Corps, demanding it launch criminal investigations into the deaths of the five civilians.
B'Tselem photo blog: Stones and snacks under fire, February 2014
Fatal gunfire near Gaza perimeter fence garbage dump: Soldiers shoot 'Odeh Hamad who was scrap-collecting; 4 scrap-collecting civilians injured in last 18 months, 3 Feb 2014
More on the Gaza Strip
On unlawful gunfire against protesters in the Return Marches in Gaza
Residents without Status
Firing on Israeli towns
Death Penalty Under Hamas Control
Fatalities during Operation Protective Edge - Interactive system
All updates on operation Protective Edge
Whitewash Protocol: The So-Called Investigation of Operation Protective Edge
All updates on operation Pillar of Defense
Blog by Israeli human rights organizations during "Cast Lead Operation"
More on the open-fire policy
Background the use of firearms
The Military Law Enforcement System
Data on Fatalities
Israeli security forces fatally shoot Muhammad Shaqurah although he was endangering no one, shortly after he pulled on a bit of wire he attached to the Gaza fence
Israeli forces kill 3 Palestinians, including a paramedic, during 'Return March' protests east of Rafah, 10 Aug. 2018
In 6 months of Gaza protests, Israeli forces fatally shoot 31 Palestinian minors


While Apple last year released a 12 inch MacBook are beautiful, but M core processor performance is really not how and only one USB type-C interface, in case no extended couldn't even while USB devices, while charging. HP today announced the launch of the new Spectre Notebook HP, there are 12 inch MacBook temperament, but also abandoned many of the problems of MacBook.
This notebook is the core i5/i7 processor, M core and non weak. This high-end notebook products in HP seems very special, even LOGO seems very aura.
There are innovative hybrid battery split, so that the device is thinner, becoming the world's most thin notebook (thickness of 10.4mm), but still able to adhere to the maximum length of about 9.5 hours of life. Full HD IPS side to side display, using Corelle gorilla glass, excellent visual angle.
Foreign media editor after use this Spectre, but also on the praise, mainly lies in its design and moving. The pivot section of this note is indeed very beautiful, and it feels as if it is still very durable, as it does not exist in the visual sense.
Of course, in order to ultra-thin, notebook or removed part of high-end, contemporary windows laptop are some characteristics, such as HP spectre not deformation of the, and there is no using the touch screen, this is a pure notebook. In addition, there is no upgrade configuration space, RAM 8GB is the only choice of memory. In the design of many hardware, such as NVMe SSD, and the base of the fit degree is very good.
But the spectre using core processor i5/i7 the point than the cooling system of the 12 inch MacBook tough a lot, which is stuffed with Intel. So in the performance, Spectre Notebook HP is able to do a lot of functions, the connection of lightning, external Ethernet interface, video output and other lights, and even the output 4K video, no problem.
So what about the price? This notebook can be directly from HP's book, in the United States since April 25, can also be book from best buy, subscribers can get preferential, 1169.99 dollars (about RMB 7575 yuan). Spectre Notebook HP since May 22nd officially on sale, the price of $1249.99 (about 8093 yuan).
If you a lot of money, can also take a look at the following is devoted by the artist to design a special version of the spectre, the midnight blue version designed by tord Boontje, full Gold Edition designed by Jess Hannah, two looks very beautiful, and the font on the keyboard is through custom. The two special edition of the Spectre will be in the Mandela Foundation Nelson foundation auction.


Florian carried out a semester thesis project during the spring term 2012. Florian rejoined the Quantum Device Lab in October 2013 to complete a Master's thesis (MSc ETH Physics). After his graduation he started to work with us as a Research Assistant. Florian has left our group in November 2014 to start a PhD thesis in the group of Leo Di Carlo in Delft.


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Home» google» Google Storage New Rules – Some Users Gmail, Photos, and Drive may be Deleted
Google Storage New Rules – Some Users Gmail, Photos, and Drive may be Deleted
google, news
Google is switching things around from June 1 and it could have a significant effect on certain users of its well-known Gmail, Photos, and Drive services.
The new terms will essentially permit the US innovation firm to delete individual records stored on Google storage without requiring any permission to do as such.
This emotional update was first reported back in December 2020 with Google emailing users to clarify what the changes will mean for them.
"We are writing to let you know that we recently announced new storage policies for Google Accounts using Gmail, Google Drive (including Google Docs, Sheets, Slides, Drawings, Forms, and Jamboard files) and/or Google Photos that bring us in line with industry practices,"
Google explained in the email seen by some users.
Presently, for any individual who has endless private emails or family photographs stored with Google, this sounds pretty alarming, but hopefully, the impact should be minimal.
Google has gotten these changes to empower it to do some genuine spring cleaning when users stop utilizing these services and don't bother to inform the tech giant.
Prevention for Content Removing Issue from Google Storage
To combat this data issue, Google is presently allowing users two years to sign into their accounts. Any individual who stays away for more than 24 months could then see things vanishing with Google having the option to begin removing content.
"If you're inactive for 2 years (24 months) in Gmail, Drive, or Photos, we may delete the content in the product(s) in which you're inactive. If you exceed your storage limit for 2 years, we may delete your content across Gmail, Drive and Photos,"
the firm said.
Users will get a lot of notice before their family snapshots, Drive documents, and important emails are shipped off to the cycle bin with anybody affected receiving an email to advise them that their content could be taken out so they ought to have a lot of time to get things all together.
Every Google account will still come with 15GB of free storage that is used for Gmail, Photos, and Drive but this is a shared storage space used between all of them. Note that it is not 15GB for each service. So, it is necessary to keep an eye on how much space your photos and files are taking up if you want to continue receiving emails.
Note: the adjustments come into impact from June 1, no content material will be eliminated till at the very least June 1, 2023.


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Lloyd's Register's David Cain presented with the Silver Patent Award
LR's David Cain awarded Silver Patent Award by ASME at OTC 2017 Houston.
David Cain, Principal Engineer DTE Technical Governance at Lloyd's Register, the leading provider of engineering and technology-centric professional services, was awarded the Silver Patent Award by the Petroleum Division of ASME on 01 May at the one of the world's largest oil and gas events - OTC 2017 event in Houston, Texas.
On receiving the award Cain says: "My thanks to ASME for this prestigious award. It has been an incredible journey with ASME over the years and I personally want to thank the ASME committee and its organisation for recognising the importance of technical advancement across oil and gas and the energy industry. I believe the combination of Lloyd's Register and its work with ASME on creating a shared understanding of the critical relationship between compliance and technology is always going to be an important driver for the industry – especially with today's challenges and opportunities with a sustained low oil price environment."
Patents are a major achievement in the career path of a petroleum mechanical engineer. ASME's petroleum division seeks to encourage and recognise engineers holding patents. Each year, the division gives one ASME Petroleum Division member who has received at least 25 U.S. patents, the Silver Patent Award. It is presented at The Annual Dinner at the OTC Houston event.
Cain has achieved more than 35 years delivering projects associated with oil and gas production, intervention, completions, offshore drilling, and military technical solutions, all with a focus on regulations and standards. Cain was responsible for introducing the first API validation document. His work has resulted in 49 US and foreign patents.
71% of oil & gas asset management decisions rely on one data source.
Shell Technology Centre Amsterdam secures facility qualification
16 July 19


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Cruel but Not Unusual
Violence in Canadian Families, 2nd Edition
Edited by Ramona Alaggia & Cathy Vine
Subjects Social Science, Sociology, Family & Relationships, Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Gender Studies, Law, Child Advocacy
Paperback : 9781554588275, 604 pages, October 2012
Paperback : 9780889204034, 536 pages, April 2006
Ebook (EPUB) : 9781554588510, 604 pages, May 2013
Paperback - Unavailable
Kindle (CA) ebook
Excerpt from Cruel but Not Unusual: Violence in Canadian Families, 2nd edition edited by Ramona Alaggia and Cathy Vine
From Chapter Two: Family Violence or Woman Abuse? Putting Gender Back into the Canadian Research Equation by Molly Dragiewicz
Research on violence against women has been among the most scrutinized areas in social science. From the beginning, efforts to empirically document the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of violence against women have been hotly debated (DeKeseredy, 2011; Dragiewicz & DeKeseredy, forthcoming; Minaker & Snider, 2006). Objections that violence against women was rare have given way to acknowledgement that it is more common than once thought. Research on the outcomes of woman abuse has documented the serious ramifications of this type of violence for individual victims and the broader community. However, violence against women was not simply "discovered" by scholars in the 1960s, leading to a progressive growth of the literature. Knowledge production around violence against women has been fiercely contested, and feminist insights in particular have always been met with backlash (Gotell, 2007; Minkaer & Snider, 2006; Randall, 1989; Sinclair, 2003). Research on violence against women has been targeted with claims of politicization, as if other social science research is devoid of political implications. Although the act of delineating the boundaries of any crime is political by definition, violence against women seems to be disproportionately characterized as such.
From Chapter Seven: Violence, Protection, and Empowerment in the Lives of Children and Adults with Disabilities by Richard Sobsey and Sonia A. Sobon
To more meaningfully reduce risk, people with disabilities must become part of the social fabric. In addition, while inclusion can help normalize risk for people with disabilities, normalization at best only reduces excessive risk to the rate experienced by other members of the community. As this goal is approached, reducing risks for people with disabilities typically means reducing the risks for all people and the community as a whole. This suggests that much of our effort toward protecting people with disabilities from violence should be directed toward efforts that reduce risks for all members of society. For example, seeking to reduce patriarchal dominance, and jealous and possessive behaviours, which one study (Brownridge et al. , 2008) found prevalent among male abusers of women with disabilities, would likely benefit society as a whole. When we think of violence against people with disabilities as a violence problem and not a disability problem, it seems obvious that including people with disabilities in our general violence prevention strategies makes sense. This suggests that we need to look for more ways to include people with disabilities in generic prevention programs and focus less on special programs. An added benefit is that people with disabilities can be useful assets to their community crime prevention programs. For example, depending on staffing needs, group homes may be the only houses in a community where people are home during the day or awake late at night. As such, they can be important assets to neighbourhood watch programs. Thus, people with disabilities can become active partners and assets to their community's violence prevention initiatives.
Table of Contents for
Cruel but Not Unusual: Violence in Canadian Families, 2nd edition, edited by Ramona Alaggia and Cathy Vine
Foreword | The Honourable Margaret Norrie McCain
Acknowledgements | Ramona Alaggia and Cathy Vine
INTRODUCTION AND PERSPECTIVES ON VIOLENCE
Introduction | Ramona Alaggia and Cathy Vine
1. Voices of Women from the Margins: Re-examining Violence against Women | Deborah Sinclair
2. Family Violence or Woman Abuse? Putting Gender Back into the Canadian Research Equation | Molly Dragiewicz
3. Is This Violence? Is This Sexual Violence? Recognizing and Defining Violence through Dialogue with French-Speaking Women | Ina Motoi
4. Child Corporal Punishment: Violence, Law, and Rights | Anne McGillivray and Joan E. Durrant
5. Violence, Trauma, and Resilience | Michael Ungar and Bruce D. Perry
MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES AND VIOLENCE
6. Systemic Oppression, Violence, and Healing in Aboriginal Families and Communities | Cyndy Baskin
7. Violence, Protection, and Empowerment in the Lives of Children and Adults with Disabilities | Richard Sobsey and Sonia A. Sobon
8. Dynamics of Partner Abuse in Sexual and Gender Minority Communities | J. Roy Gillis and Shaindl Diamond
9. Domestic Violence and Child Abuse: Issues for Immigrant and Refugee Families | Ramona Alaggia and Sarah Maiter
VIOLENCE ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE
10. Children Abused, Neglected, and Living with Violence: An Overview | Cathy Vine, Nico Trocmé, Bruce MacLaurin, and Barbara Fallon
11. Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence: Integrating Policy, Research, and Practice to Address Children's Mental Health | Angélique Jenney and Ramona Alaggia
12. Whose Failure to Protect? Child Welfare Interventions When Men Abuse Mothers | Susan Strega
13. Rendering Children Invisible: The Forces at Play during Separation and Divorce in the Context of Family Violence | Rachel Birnbaum
14. Violence against Women: A Structural Perspective | Colleen Lundy
15. Identifying, Assessing, and Treating Men Who Abuse and Women Abused by Intimate Partners | Leslie M. Tutty
16. Elder Abuse and Neglect in Canada: An Overview | Lynn McDonald, Julie Dergal, and April Collins
17. Older People Are Subjects, Not Objects: Reconsidering Theory and Practice in Situations of Elder Abuse | Joan Harbison, Pam McKinley, and Donna Pettipas
Conclusion: Building the Future | Ramona Alaggia and Cathy Vine
Violence in families and intimate relationships affects a significant proportion of the population—from very young children to the elderly—with far-reaching and often devastating consequences. Cruel but Not Unusual draws on the expertise of scholars and practitioners to present readers with the latest research and thinking about the history, conditions, and impact of violence in these contexts. For this new edition, chapters have been updated to reflect changes in data and legislation. New chapters include an examination of trauma from a neurobiological perspective; a critical analysis of the "gender symmetry debate," a debate that questions the gendered nature of intimate violence; and an essay on the history and evolution of the women's movement dedicated to addressing violence against women, which advances theoretical developments that remind readers of the breadth of inclusivity that should be at the heart of working in this field.
``Cruel but Not Unusual explores the dynamics and scope of violence in families and its long-term impact on women and children who experience it, as well as our societal response to it. Written for students, academics, and professionals in the field, the book offers new insights, critiques, and ideas to inspire and enhance our understanding and practice. ... A valuable resource for moving us forward. ''
- Lisa Tremblay, Herizons, Fall 2013
The New Race
A Question of Commitment
The Black Prairie Archives
The Next Instalment
What the Oceans Remember
Social Poesis
Beauty in a Box
Children's Literature and Imaginative Geography
Feminist Praxis Revisited