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Democracy & constitution • Briefings • Featured
Written by	Sir Peter Marshall
As he steps down after five years as President of the European Council, it is clear Donald Tusk still has no understanding as to why the UK voted to leave the EU. The yawning gap between the central institutions and the peoples of the member countries grows ever wider. The Remainers in this country either can't or won't say what "remaining" would mean for us in practice. They should be ceaselessly challenged on the point.
Post Segments
Donald Tusks' message for us
The Referendum shock
The dreadful EU Guidelines
The EU at its worst
And the House of Commons at its worst
The return of near-normalcy and the ebb-tide of the Remainers
Back to the people
Donald Tusk, the immensely likeable, Anglophile, former Polish Prime Minister, who in his younger days, as a disciple of Lech Walesa, helped welcome Mrs Thatcher to Gdansk shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall, is stepping down after five years as President of the European Council.
On November 13, at the College of Europe in Bruges, he delivered a deliciously profound, concise and witty farewell speech. It has received in this country nothing like the attention which it deserves. The speech illustrates to perfection why we just do not belong any more on the inside to what the EU has become; and why we should revert to our default position in relation to any elaborate continental construct: namely close and friendly co-operation from outside – "semi-detached", as Clement Attlee so aptly put it.
Donald Tusk's message was threefold:
the EU we now have fully equates with what we think of as "Europe", both in its great and diverse self and in its impact on, and relations with, other continents;
it must be defended against anything which threatens its "unity", whether from the outside or the inside. Four such threats are mentioned: the Kremlin, pressures within the Eurozone, migration and Brexit; and
the UK has no worthwhile future outside the EU.
The notion at (i) is illusory. As Schuman and Monnet were well aware, the European Project would never have got off the ground, had it not been for generous American and Canadian support for European post was recovery and protection in the form of NATO.
They were equally well aware of the need for continuing US support. The 70th anniversary next year of the Schuman Declaration, coinciding as it does with the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II and of the launch of the United Nations, will be a salutary reminder of the realities.
France of the Fourth Republic had no hang-ups about the scale and scope of US power. As from 1958, France of de Gaulle's Fifth Republic has had plenty of them, and they are by no means extinguished.
As regards (ii), inward looking preoccupation with the safeguarding of it own "unity" against a host of threats indicates a vulnerability which is a far cry from what Schuman and Monnet envisaged as the "indispensable" role of "an organised and living Europe"; "audacious"; and making "creative efforts proportionate to the dangers which threaten world peace".
We see in the Tusk speech the fell influence of those same bureaucratic and dessicating trends which over the years have eroded the "community spirit", l'esprit communautaire, which Schuman and Monnet recognised as the essential complement to l'acquis communutaire, the ever-growing body of community law and process.
Tusk emphasises the role of the EU as one of the "occupiers of the main battlefield", along with the United States and China (Russia, oddly, is not mentioned in this category) from which the UK would naturally exclude itself by leaving the EU. But you can't be a great player on the world scene if your first priority is to protect your own unity against threats, be they internal or external.
As for (iii), our continental neighbours have been prone to underestimate us for at least the last four hundred years, eg the Armada in 1588, and – within my lifetime – in the dark days of 1940-41. One should hesitate before offering any overall explanation for this phenomenon; but we could be said to be slow both to recognise dangers which beset us, and to organise appropriate reaction to counter them. The result of the 2016 Referendum is a spectacular case in point.
In announcing the Referendum, and arguing in favour of remaining in the EU, David Cameron said "Whatever the British people decide, I will make it work to the best f my abilities". He in fact resigned immediately the result was known.
The national administrative apparatus, having made no contingency plans worth the name, had to start effectively from scratch, under the uncertain direction of a new prime minister sadly lacking in not a few of the qualities necessary to master a very demanding situation, and whose heart was never really in the job.
The period of nine months which elapsed after the Referendum before Mrs May "triggered" the withdrawal process with her letter of March 29, 2017 to Donald, Tusk bore an eerie resemblance to the "phoney war" of 1939-40. It undoubtedly had the effect of strengthening the conviction of a great part of the Establishment that the result of the Referendum was "wrong", and should be reversed.
Mrs May's letter of March 29 2017 was eminently forthcoming, open-minded and constructive. The response, in the shape of the Guidelines adopted on April 29 , 2017, by the "European Council (Art 50)", i.e. without the UK, was appalling: in its negative introspection and general perversity, it is without precedent in the annals of democratic multilateral negotiation.
Any hope that the negotiations could be conducted in a positive-sum spirit was extinguished on that day.
A deal at any price in the face of an EU brick wall
The prospects for a mutually acceptable outcome, never very bright, dwindled notably during the course of the laborious process required by the EU Guidelines, as and in spite of Mrs May's increasingly desperate efforts to find accommodation. The earlier slogan "a bad deal is worse than no deal" weakened de facto into "a deal at any price": namely the Withdrawal Agreement, foolishly accepted by the UK side in November 2018. At this point the House of Commons made it clear that they were not having any. The impasse was inescapable.
As part of her forlorn quest, Mrs May sought two extensions of the negotiating period. The European Council agreed, subject to a proviso as unhelpful and obstructive as the Guidelines. The second sentence of the conclusions of the Special European Council (Art 50) on April 10 reads as follows: "They (the EU27 leaders) agreed to an extension (until October 31) to allow for the ratification of the withdrawal agreement" (in bold).
That means that, having seen a British Prime Minister sacrifice herself in a vain attempt to satisfy their obduracy, our partners nevertheless continued to insist that there was no alternative to our embracing unchanged the inequitable, illogical and illegal Withdrawal Agreement, although it had already been rejected three times by the House of Commons.
Without apparently realising it, the EU had painted themselves into a corner.
Unless the UK weakened, and agreed to what it had thrice rejected, the terms of Article 50 dictated that "the treaties would cease to apply" to us after October 31. that is, we would be ejected: we would be "crashed out". (i.e. we would not ourselves "crash out". If the notion of "crashing out" is introduced into the debate, the Passive, rather than the Active, Voice applies.) That is not what our partners wanted.
Although it was an article of faith among them that the UK would suffer more than they would from a no-deal departure, the realisation was dawning on them (a) that this would not deter Mrs May's most likely successor from leaving without a deal if necessary; and (b) in fact the EU could ill afford such an outcome. Someone had to come to their rescue.
By the time Boris Johnson entered No 10 Downing Street on July 24, the House of Commons, under the sway of the least impartial and most histrionic Speaker of modern times, had plumbed new depths of discord, unseemliness and bitterness.
The Remainers, in spite of having undertaken in their vast majority, at the time of the 2017 election, to respect the verdict of the 2016 Referendum, now appeared in their true colours. Their first priority was to stop "the catastrophe" of a no-deal outcome on October 31. They resorted to the grotesque device of the Benn Act, which obliged the Prime Minister to seek, by means of a letter in specified terms to the President of the European Council, a three months' extension in the absence of an agreement being reached by October 19.
By mid-October however, a sense of proportion was beginning to return to our national perceptions. Enough was enough. One cannot go on shouting "Fire!" indefinitely. It starts to lack credibility. It became clearer day by day that the worst was not happening. A "catastrophic" no-deal seemed less and less likely.
The Prime Minister did the supposedly impossible by re-opening the Withdrawal Agreement, and ensuring the removal of the backstop. Even the House of Commons showed itself ready to consider the revised deal which he had secured. MPs also recognised that a general election could no longer be delayed. It was called for December 12.
One of the great Remainer slogans for months past has been "let the people decide" ,i.e. "now that they know better, they will vote the way we want them to", via a "confirmatory" vote, or a "people's vote" or a second referendum. The general election campaign is impressing on them that that is a miscalculation. As a result, the Remainers appear to be flying around in ever-decreasing circles.
The voters are not stupid. They know perfectly well that the antics of the last Parliament were much more in pursuit of the interests of Remainers than out of respect for the verdict of the 2016 referendum. Their overwhelming desire is to be rid of Brexit, and move on to deal with all the other pressing issues which we face. "Get Brexit done" is a far more attractive watchword.
And we should never cease to demand from Remainers exactly what "remain" means to them—something that in their frequent media appearances they are rarely if ever asked. The fact of the matter is no-one knows. The Remainers are either trying to hide the truth from us, or trying to hide from it themselves. Either way they are playing us false. The European Court of Justice says only that if we revoked our notification to withdraw, the terms of our membership would be unchanged, as regards its status as a member state. Much else would be at the pleasure of the other member states.
Peter Marshall is a leading expert on multilateral diplomacy. After a career in the British Diplomatic Service, he became Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General.
Labour's Leave Deal
Brexit looks Safe for the Time Being
Sir Peter Marshall
Sir Peter Marshall, formerly of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, served as Assistant Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, and also worked with Jean Monnet, one of the founding fathers of European integration.
Unreasonable Pressures on the DUP
Supreme Court against the people


Arquitectura de museos / Justin Henderson ; tr. Clara Pagani.
by Henderson, Justin | Pagani, Clara, 1941-.
Material type: Book Publisher: [S.l. : s.n., 199-?]Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: TRADUCCIONES Caja 4] (1).


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'Animals' And 'Black Pond' Producer Sarah Brocklehurst Launches UK Studio; Blink Studios To Adapt Charlene Carr's 'Hold My Girl'; RTL Germany Greenlights 'Top Dog' Season Two; Hulu Picks Up TF1's 'Rebecca' – Global Briefs
NYC Mayor: 8 Dead, 12-Plus Hurt As Truck Barrels Down Manhattan Bike Path In "Act Of Terror"; Police Shoot & Arrest Driver – Update
By Lisa de Moraes, Erik Pedersen
Refresh for updates: A 29-year-old man is in custody after a terrifying incident in Lower Manhattan in which a rented truck drove down a major bike path for about 20 blocks and struck several people. New York Mayor Bill de Blasio said at a news conference that at least eight people are dead and more than a dozen hurt.
"It's a very painful day in our city," de Blasio said. "Based on the information we have at this moment, this is was an act of terror — and a particularly coward act of terror." If it is confirmed as a terrorist attack, it would be the first to claim lives in New York City since September 11, 2001.
Officials said some of the injured are in critical condition, but none has life-threatening injuries.
"This is a tragedy of the greatest magnitude," NYPD Commissioner James O'Neill said. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo reassured the public that there is no ongoing threat and told locals to "be New Yorkers."
FBI agents have taken the lead on the investigation and are treating the incident as terrorism. Officials confirmed witnesses accounts that the driver was yelling "Allahu akbar" — "God is great" in Arabic.
Police identified the suspect as Sayfullo Habibullaevic Saipov, an Uzbekistan national who came to the U.S. in 2010, has a green card, took mail in Paterson, NJ, and carried a driver's license issued in Tampa, FL. A senior law enforcement official told CNN that the suspect left a note in the truck claiming that he was acting in the name of ISIS, but no group has claimed responsibility.
#HappeningNow: @NYCMayor, @NYPDONeill, @fdny, @NewYorkFBI & @NYGovCuomo updating New Yorkers on incident in Lower Manhattan today. pic.twitter.com/lJnfhsf41f
— NYPD NEWS (@NYPDnews) October 31, 2017
NYPD tweeted that the truck ultimately struck a school bus. Two men were injured on the bus; two or three children also were aboard, but police did not say whether they were hurt. NBC News is reporting that the bus was deliberately targeted. Local schools were in lockdown, including nearby Stuyvesant High.
Officials said tonight's Halloween parade in Manhattan will go on as scheduled but with an increased security presence.
"Unfortunately driving into a crowd is the new normal," CNN's Jake Tapper said.
Authorities said the rented Home Depot truck started going wrong way on the bike path that runs along the Hudson River, starting at Houston Street and continued for about 20 blocks to Chambers Street near the World Trade Center, striking bicyclists and pedestrians. The driver then exited the truck with what police said were a paintball gun and a pellet gun and was shot in the abdomen by police. The person survived and was taken to Bellevue Hospital.
Out on the West Coast, the Los Angeles Police Department said in a statement today:
On a day when Angelenos should be thrilled to cheer on our hometown Dodgers in Game 6 of the World Series, that excitement is dampened by an act of terrorism in New York City.
We are closely monitoring the situation on the east coast and communicating with NYPD and our Federal Law Enforcement partners, and at this point there is no nexus to Los Angeles.
Tonight we have a heightened sense of awareness for the potential of terrorist acts, however it is our priority to ensure the safety and security of anyone attending high profile events in the city and had already planned on a highly visible LAPD presence at the game tonight.
It is important to remember the eyes and ears of our community can make the biggest impact, if you see something say something.
Netflix's International Film VP Talks European Film Push

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Guardian: A new antitrust frontier – the issue closing partisan divides in the name of policing big tech
Read on The Guardian
The new head of a congressional antitrust panel has vowed to take on big technology companies that "threaten our democracy", the latest sign of a growing cross-party Washington consensus that Silicon Valley has grown too powerful.
Democratic congressman David Cicilline is set to spearhead efforts to check the influence of Amazon, Facebook, Google and other "big tech" firms, a rare bipartisan cause that unites figures such as Donald Trump, senators Lindsey Graham and Elizabeth Warren and congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, albeit for wildly divergent reasons.
"We need to have a serious conversation about the dominance of these platforms," Cicilline, who will serve as chairman of the House judiciary committee's antitrust, commercial and administrative law subcommittee, said in a statement made available to the Guardian. "There's no question that these new gatekeepers have the incentive and ability to harm the competitive process, undermine innovation, and threaten our democracy."
After a swath of privacy and data manipulation debacles over the past few years, the utopian vision of Silicon Valley companies in California has been shattered and their "move fast and break things" mantra has lost much of its charm. The star players are facing demands for greater accountability and transparency. America is playing catch-up with the European Union whose competition commissioner, Margrethe Vestager, has ordered Apple and Amazon to pay back taxes, fined Facebook over its acquisition of WhatsApp and imposed billions of dollars' worth of antitrust penalties on Google.
In the US, executives from Facebook, Google and Twitter have now all testified before Congress during the past year. Tim Cook, the chief executive of Apple, has called on Congress to pass comprehensive privacy legislation to protect consumers. In the meantime, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is reportedly close to finishing a privacy investigation into Facebook, which could lead to a major fine.
See the rest of Matt Stoller's work


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PFI activists frustrated after ban: Karnataka CM Bommai on "Join CFI" posters
| Published on: Dec 6, 2022
ANI Photo | PFI activists frustrated after ban: Karnataka CM Bommai on "Join CFI" posters
After "Join CFI" posters were seen in Shivamogga, Karnataka Chief Minister Basavraj Bommai on Monday said after the ban, the frustrated Popular Front of India activists indulged in graffiti.
Speaking to reporters here, Bommai said, "The police have already initiated action against those who have put up the posters of 'Join PFI' in Shivamogga and stern action will be taken against the guilty. After the ban, the frustrated PFI activists indulged in graffiti. It will be condemned in the strongest words. It is not correct on their part to do this to create confusion in society."
A suo motu case was registered in Karnataka after wall writings (graffiti) of "Join CFI" (Campus Front of India), a subsidiary student wing of the banned organization PFI were seen in several parts of Shiralakoppa town of Shivamogga district.
According to Superintendent of Police GK Mithun Kumar, the case was registered on Sunday at Shiralakoppa Police Station of Shikaripura Taluk after the "Join CFI" graffiti was found in at least nine places in the town. Search for the accused is underway.
On November 28, the graffiti were seen during police patrol and was immediately removed.
The Superintendent of Police says that "Join PFI" paintings are most likely to have been painted before the formal ban of PFI (Popular Front of India).
In September, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) imposed a ban on the radical outfit and its affiliates for five years for having "terror links". Along with PFI, the ban has been imposed on Rehab India Foundation, Campus Front of India, All India Imams Council, National Confederation of Human Rights Organization, National Women's Front, Junior Front, Empower India Foundation, and Rehab Foundation as an "unlawful association".
As per the inputs received by both the National Investigation Agency (NIA) as well as the Enforcement Directorate (ED), "the PFI has been raising and collecting substantial funds from abroad in a well-organized and structured manner".
It also came to the knowledge of the Central agencies that the "PFI was raising funds abroad and their transfer to India through clandestine and illegal channels".
The PFI was launched in Kerala in 2006 after merging three Muslim organizations.
Home » Nation & Beyond » PFI activists frustrated after ban: Karnataka CM Bommai on "Join CFI" posters
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G20 Presidency honour for India, all political parties are stakeholders: PM Modi at all-party meeting


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> Celebrity News
John Torode reportedly moves in with former MasterChef winner Lisa Faulkner
April 01, 2015 - 12:15 BST hellomagazine.com John Torode reportedly moves in with former MasterChef winner Lisa Faulkner
Former Celebrity Masterchef winner Lisa Faulkner has reportedly moved in with John Torode, five years after she met the presenter on the BBC cooking show. Australian chef John was spotted taking his belongings from his Clapham base last week to Lisa's North London home, where the 43-year-old lives with her daughter Billie, from her marriage to EastEnders actor Chris Hoghill.
Love was certainly on the menu – the pair were seen enjoying a romantic kiss at the threshold as John moved in. Former Holby City actress Lisa, 43, took the masterchef trophy in 2010 and said the win had "totally changed my life". She has since carved out a career as a celebrity chef, releasing cookery books and hosting cooking programmes.
John has reportedly moved in with girlfriend Lisa Faulkner
John, 49, separated from his former wife Jessica, the mother of his two children, in 2011 and was granted a divorce last year. Shortly after John and Jessica went their separate ways, Lisa divorced her husband, and he moved out of the London home they shared.
John and Lisa have been together two-and-a-half-years, having stepped out in public for the first time in January 2013.
"John and I were friends," Lisa told the Daily Mail in 2013. "Neither of us thought of it as anything else until... I don't know how things change, but something does.
"He asked me on a date. We went out for dinner. Then it was slightly different," she added. "I'm really, really happy. John and I are having such a nice time but we're taking things slowly. There are lots of other people to consider."
"When I met John he was a judge on a show I loved and I was petrified of him," she said. "He was brilliant and gave us all tips so you didn't want to let him down.
"John and I always got on, but I never thought about me and him."
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EU seeks more powers over national car regulations after VW scandal
By Alissa de Carbonnel
BRUSSELS (Reuters) - The European Union sought sweeping powers over national car regulations on Wednesday, aiming to prevent a repeat of Volkswagen's emissions test cheating scandal and sparking a tough debate as governments and industry resist change.
A VW sign is seen outside a Volkswagen dealership in London, Britain November 5, 2015. REUTERS/Suzanne Plunkett
Under the proposed new rules, Brussels would be able to demand spot checks on vehicles, order recalls and impose penalties on carmakers of up to 30,000 euros ($32,600) per vehicle for failure to comply with environmental laws if no fine is being imposed by the member state.
The new plans would also authorize individual EU member states to recall cars in violation of regulations but approved by other members of the bloc, encouraging peer review.
The planned legislation is the strongest EU response yet to German carmaker Volkswagen's admission in September that it used software to cheat U.S. diesel admissions tests - a scandal that has shone a light on the EU's lax vehicle regulations.
"We have to make sure that it never happens again," European Commission Vice-President Jyrki Katainen said.
Under existing rules on vehicle or "type" approval, Germany's KBA authority alone has the power to both approve new Volkswagen VOWG_p.DE cars and to revoke those licenses, though the vehicles can be sold across the EU single market.
So far, no EU national authority has imposed a penalty on Volkswagen, even though it has said that about 8.5 million of the 11 million vehicles fitted with banned software are in the region.
Critics view this as a sign of collusion between governments and the auto industry, a major source of jobs and exports in the bloc's biggest economies of Germany and France.
If the new legislation is approved by EU states and the European Parliament, future breaches would result in possible multi-billion-euro costs for manufacturers.
"It will be attacked heavily by the member states because it boils down to giving away sovereignty to Brussels," Green member of parliament Bas Eickhout said.
COZY TIES?
The reform seeks to introduce a funding pool from which testing agencies are paid, with the aim of breaking any cozy relationships between carmakers and the laboratories they hire to test new vehicles.
Under the new plan, the EU executive would be able to fine or suspend the licenses of testing bodies it deemed too lax.
Brussels is also trying to close a loophole whereby testing for toxic nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollutants is held in artificial rather than real road conditions. But that legislation faces opposition in the European Parliament because the current proposal would still allow emissions that are more than twice the level of official limits.
Critics say the plans were watered down after some of the EU's 28 member states sought to protect their car industries.
The new reforms will likely meet resistance from nations such as Britain, which generally opposes taking powers away from national authorities, and Germany, with its large car industry.
"By launching a power grab with a new army of EU clipboard inspectors, the European Commission is undermining its own objective," said Daniel Dalton, a British conservative member of the European Parliament.
The proposals stop short of creating an independent EU-wide regulator along the lines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which uncovered Volkswagen's wrongdoing.
In a direct attempt to guard against a repeat, however, they mandate automakers to provide access to software protocols.
Acknowledging the need for some changes to the current system, German Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt told the Handelsblatt newspaper: "We need optimised type approval rules to be applied the same way in Europe."
"We do not need a new European authority," he added.
Dobrindt said his ministry had plans to boost the independence of technical testing services from automakers.
So-called "defeat device" software to manipulate emissions tests has been illegal in the EU since 2007. Nevertheless, the European Commission's own research showed that NOx pollution by vehicles on the road was four times higher than in tests.
In the push for transparency, the proposals call for each new vehicle to come with a certificate citing levels of toxic NOx emissions.
"For years consumers have been unable to rely on carmakers' official fuel consumption figures," said Monique Goyens, head of the European Consumer Organisation. "The Commission plans are a big step in the right direction."
Altering carbon dioxide emissions in cars can also be achieved through a variety of engineering tricks to cut fuel usage, such as switching off air conditioning and improving aerodynamics by removing wing mirrors and taping up doors.
Reporting by Mark Potter


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reverse {
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  01: black, white;
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We've all been there, we get a call from our client, customer, project manager or colleague at 630 in the morning stating that the portal is down. Typically this is done in such a manner that involves a terse conversation asking how long you've known the system was down and when you were going to alert other folks… Granted dependent on the systems monitoring software in your system you may or may not have received an alert. In my case you're dreaming of a white sandy beach and wondering why there's a ringing noise coming from the handle of Patron in your hand.
1 – Network Systems – did a network administrator change the VLAN or network route that the SharePoint products and technologies platform rides on top of to something that passes directly into a firewall that drops every frame trying to pass through? did a cable get gnawed through by an animal? did someone unplug the RJ45 altogether leaving your system not responding at all?
4 – Active Directory – did the service accounts running the SharePoint platform suddenly get changed such that their passwords expire after being told they were set never to expire? the accounts themselves are expired somehow? they were enabled for smartcard interactive login (which effectively scrambles the password to 256 random bits)? the service principal name (SPN) associated with a URI for Kerberos to work was removed?
5 – Group Policy – did the Network administrator controlling all of the domain policy suddenly get a zero day exploit update tossed on their plate that's rated "Critical" by an Information Awareness Manager or Information Systems Security Officer? Did they push the patch without alerting you the IT Pro that's watching over the health and welfare of your system? Or did someone perhaps just remove different policies assigned to OUs and decide to make an über-policy that trumps everything without checking what the RSOP was?
Rather than drone on regarding several other buckets I check, I'd say that on average those are the five that I check first… More often than not I find that the 5th is typically what happens where the resultant set of policy sets a policy such that either client systems accessing the SharePoint portal are no longer capable of integrating as they were meant to ("Hey where'd my SharePoint Sites in Word go?") or such that the Windows Server operating system hosting SharePoint now has a setting that causes certain components to cease to operate (always fun when a network admin changes a system to disable loopback checking in turn killing search crawling, right?).
This is definitely one of my favorite cloud apps out there that assists in quick and easy searchable and filterable results to track down the GPO that's the troublemaker to remediate issues. Give it a spin around the block and you'll find that it's quite helpful to have in your back pocket.


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Neve Campbell plays a small-town cop with scary secrets in Lifetime's "An Amish Murder"
January 1, 2013 Lori Acken Drama, Magazine Archive, Movies, TV News & Program Updates 1
With her fresh-scrubbed beauty and natural self-possession, actress Neve Campbell makes a believable ex-Amish heroine in Lifetime's new original film, An Amish Murder.
The twisty mystery, based on Linda Castillo's best-selling novel Sworn to Silence, features the Party of Five favorite as Kate Burkholder, an Amish exile from tiny Painter's Mill, Ohio, who comes back home as its chief of police and finds herself embroiled in a gruesome serial murder case that dredges up horrific memories from her youth. Joined by a visiting detective (Rookie Blue's Noam Jenkins) with demons of his own, Burkholder finds it increasingly difficult to separate the personal from the professional in tracking down a killer she thought could never strike again.
The film is the first project in a development deal Campbell recently signed with Lifetime — and one she says she was drawn to for the chance to delve deeper into a culture she finds fascinating for its focus on family and self-contained calm in a country full of chaos.
"There's something especially interesting about the Amish community today, because if you think about the recession, they probably weren't affected," says Campbell, who mastered serviceable Pennsylvania Dutch and logged hours racing around in the Canadian cold while five months pregnant with son Caspian for the role. "They're self-sufficient and everything that they do is within their own community. They're not dependent on the outside world; not dependent on electricity or oil or those kinds of things. And there is something really beautiful about their love of family and their respect for their faith."
Speaking of family, Campbell took advantage of her dual role as executive producer to suggest one particular actor to play Kate Burkholder's brother Jacob, a practicing Amish who struggles with having to shun his sister when she desperately needs his help. Jacob is played by Campbell's own brother, Christian (Big Love).
"This is the first time we're playing brother and sister, so that was fun!" Campbell chuckles. "There was the brother character in the project, so when I spoke to Lifetime about it, I said, 'Well it would seem obvious — I actually have a brother and he's an actor. A successful actor!' They were very pleased to get him, so it worked out well."
Directed by Maggie and Jake Gyllenhaal's dad, Stephen, An Amish Murder also features The Walking Dead's IronE Singleton and C. Thomas Howell (Southland, E.T.) as Campbell's fellow cops.
An Amish Murder premieres Sunday, Jan. 6 at 9pm on Lifetime.
Images: Lifetime
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About Lori Acken	1195 Articles
Lori just hasn't been the same since "thirtysomething" and "Northern Exposure" went off the air.
Walking Dead New Year's Eve marathon
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Larry The Cable Guy Explores The Uniqueness Of American Life
February 6, 2011 Jeff Pfeiffer Magazine Archive, Reality TV Comments Off on Larry The Cable Guy Explores The Uniqueness Of American Life
Having gone from a pig farm in Nebraska to become one of the most popular and successful comedians in the country, Larry the Cable Guy (born Dan Whitney) knows all about the potential and power of the American dream. "This is the greatest country in the world," he says during our interview. And that passion he has for our nation and its possibilities is what he hopes people will get out of his new History series Only in America. Well, that and a few laughs along the way, of course. "It's a comedy show," says Larry. "I want it to […]
Adam Richman seeks out America's best sandwich
May 30, 2012 Lori Acken Family, Food TV, Interview, Lifestyle, Magazine Archive, Reality TV, TV News & Program Updates Comments Off on Adam Richman seeks out America's best sandwich
Adam Richman's face is mere inches away from a toaster oven in the bustling kitchen of Kroll's West, the 70-year-old, go-to food spot for Green Bay Packer fans and "butter burger" lovers that sits in the shadow of the legendary Lambeau Field. But it's not the burger he's after on this late April afternoon — it's the beloved Wisconsin eatery's prime rib sandwich, a beefy monstrosity accented with a mélange of peppers and onions and a cup of rich au jus. As Cheryl Dorner, the folksy restaurant's charming manager — and Richman's costar for this segment of his new Travel […]
Lifetime will re-air Amanda Knox movie with updates
October 5, 2011 Lori Acken Movies, News & Current Events, TV News & Program Updates Comments Off on Lifetime will re-air Amanda Knox movie with updates
In light of Amanda Knox' successful bid for acquittal for the murder of her roommate — and her subsequent return home to Seattle — Lifetime Networks will re-air their controversial made-for-TV film Amanda Knox: Murder On Trial In Italy with text updates to reflect the retrial and Knox' turn of fortune. The film, which stars Hayden Panettiere as Knox and Marcia Gay Harden as her mother, will air on Lifetime Movie Network Thursday at 10pm and Friday at 2am, and on Lifetime Network at 10pm on Saturday, Oct. 8. Even before it's February premiere, the film faced fierce opposition from […]


List of links on the forum that can help aid with problems. Please feel free to add to the list.
Put the code into the 'find' option ("ctrl"/"apple" + "F") to skip to section.
Thats all one human can do, please add to the list, post below or pm me.
Add anything thats of use or is frequently asked.
Last edited by cribble on Tue May 01, 2007 9:39 pm, edited 14 times in total.
Also can someone help me scan the website for more useful info. More on walk cycles, drawing tools, layer tools, BONES (especially) - most of these areas aren't my expertise, nor do i know what's been asked alot... so help would be greatful.
Also sticky this in both how do i and this forum once finished. I don't think anyone reads the FAQ.
Might consider if there if these might be of interest. There are lots of forums where the members do a good job of digging up links. For example the one above, while about game design, does have some good links to writing articles I liked.
This should definitely be a sticky!!!!
If I make this sticky will cribble still be able to add to it and edit the first post?
I will give it a shot. Cribble, just let me know if this messes up your ability to make changes to the original post.
I can still edit the post fine.
When i get back on Monday, i'll try and put the time into compiling the resources again. It'll take a while, but in the mean time, if people can post up any links, with their related sections, i will put them in the post (moderated, of course).
I'll have a youtube version up soon cribble. I'd like to see this thread become a comprehensive index of information for Anime Studio users. We really need this.
tiny update - thanks darthfurby and toonertime.
oh, someone also needs to delete the replies with the links after i announce an update.
Thanks - and continue adding everyone.
i have wrote sometime ago a walk tutorial in spanish. maybe it could be here.
I'm in cribble's resources area!!
Thanks for stick it here cribble!
Or download the same book as a series of PDF files.
Last edited by human on Sat Aug 04, 2007 12:58 am, edited 1 time in total.


The vertebrate limb bud arises from lateral plate mesoderm and its overlying ectoderm. Despite progress regarding the genetic requirements for limb development, morphogenetic mechanisms that generate early outgrowth remain relatively undefined. We show by live imaging and lineage tracing in different vertebrate models that the lateral plate contributes mesoderm to the early limb bud through directional cell movement. The direction of cell motion, longitudinal cell axes and bias in cell division planes lie largely parallel to one another along the rostrocaudal (head-tail) axis in lateral plate mesoderm. Transition of these parameters from a rostrocaudal to a mediolateral (outward from the body wall) orientation accompanies early limb bud outgrowth. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Wnt5a acts as a chemoattractant in the emerging limb bud where it contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is likely to underlie the oriented cell behaviours.
The earliest morphological sign of vertebrate limb formation is an apparent thickening of the lateral plate mesoderm. Forelimb initiation occurs at a stage of development when roughly half of the somites have been laid down, while the rostrocaudal axis of the embryo, including the lateral plate, continues to elongate. Initially, the limb ridge is elongated and grossly symmetrical in the rostrocaudal axis (which corresponds to the anteroposterior axis of the limb). During the first day of outward (proximal to distal) growth, the limb bud acquires a stereotypical shape that is broader posteriorly than anteriorly and is relatively narrow in the dorsoventral axis. Some of the key molecular requirements for limb initiation and early outgrowth have been identified, and include T-box transcription factors (Agarwal et al., 2003; Ahn et al., 2002; Minguillon et al., 2005; Naiche and Papaioannou, 2003) and signalling by fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) (Min et al., 1998; Sekine et al., 1999). By contrast, the cellular dynamics and tissue mechanisms underlying formation of the initial limb ridge and remodelling of the early limb bud are not well understood.
Several cellular mechanisms that might underlie limb initiation have been proposed. Previous analysis in the chick demonstrated that the limb-forming region of the lateral plate mesoderm maintains a high proliferative rate, while that of the trunk region diminishes during early limb outgrowth (Searls and Janners, 1971). However, at least for the established limb bud, differential proliferation cannot fully explain outgrowth. Computer simulation of limb bud growth, based solely on the regional distribution of cell proliferation found in the bud (Fernández-Terán et al., 2006), fails to predict the generation of an appropriately shaped elongating limb bud, but rather predicts the generation of a relatively spherical morphology (Boehm et al., 2010). Therefore, anisotropic or oriented cell behaviours might contribute to limb bud outgrowth and the generation of its stereotypical shape.
Evidence for the presence of cell movement in the limb bud is found in both mouse and zebrafish models. In mature mouse limb buds at embryonic day (E) 11.0, four-dimensional time-lapse imaging revealed outward, rotatory movement of the surface ectoderm (Boot et al., 2008), although these studies were not at cellular resolution and neither mesoderm nor early stages were assessed. Lateral plate mesoderm cells lacking tbx5 in zebrafish (Ahn et al., 2002) fail to enter the pectoral fin bud. Furthermore, Fgfr1 mutant cells in mouse embryo chimaeras fail to populate the limb, in contrast to wild-type (WT) cells, which do (Ciruna et al., 1997; Saxton et al., 2000). It has also been shown that Fgf4, which is secreted by the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), can act as a chemoattractant (Li and Muneoka, 1999). An intriguing alternative mechanism is that Fgf might function to increase the liquid-like cohesiveness of mesoderm in the limb field (Damon et al., 2008; Heintzelman et al., 1978). This might cause the limb field to phase separate from the adjacent lateral plate mesoderm. In isolation, this property would cause the limb field mesoderm to be engulfed by the lateral plate. However, the lateral plate exhibits a unique active-rebound response that promotes limb bulging (Damon et al., 2008). Micromass culture data suggest that differential adhesiveness is an important mechanism that underlies the segregation of cells in the mature limb bud into proximodistal domains (Barna and Niswander, 2007).
Another signalling molecule that might contribute to cell movement during limb outgrowth is Wnt5a. The Wnt5a gene is expressed in the elongating tail bud and in the early ventral limb bud ectoderm, then shortly thereafter in the distal limb bud ectoderm and mesoderm, among other areas of outgrowth (Gavin et al., 1990; Yamaguchi et al., 1999). Mouse embryos lacking Wnt5a exhibit shortened rostrocaudal body axes and limbs (Yamaguchi et al., 1999). Wnt5a is able to cause directional cell movement in vitro by reorienting the cytoskeleton in response to a chemokine gradient (Witze et al., 2008). It is conceivable that a similar mechanism might contribute to limb bud outgrowth in addition to the known positive effect of Wnt5a on mesoderm proliferation (Yamaguchi et al., 1999).
By contrast, it has been suggested that cell movement is a feature of limb formation only in lower vertebrates, and not in mouse or chick (Rallis et al., 2003). However, a direct survey of individual cell behaviours during early limb outgrowth in the mouse or chick has not previously been undertaken. The possibility that orientated cell division occurs during limb bud outgrowth has been addressed, although not systematically tested (Hornbruch and Wolpert, 1970). Here we utilise genetic, live-imaging and lineage-tracing techniques to directly survey the movements, shapes and division planes of mesodermal cells in mouse, chick and zebrafish embryos to define the morphogenetic mechanisms that generate the early limb bud and address whether equivalent cell behaviours drive this event across vertebrates. Our studies reveal the directional movement of mesoderm into the early limb bud, as well as spatially distinct biases in cell shape and cell division plane between the lateral plate and limb bud across species. A transition of these largely parallel parameters accompanies, and is likely to contribute to, early outgrowth of the bud. Cell polarity, which is partially conferred by Wnt5a, is likely to underlie these oriented cell behaviours.
CAG::H2B-EGFP (Hadjantonakis and Papaioannou, 2004) and CAG::myr-Venus (Rhee et al., 2006) transgenic mouse lines were used, and crossed with Wnt5a–/– mutants (Yamaguchi et al., 1999). E9.25-9.5 embryos [corresponding to late Theiler stage 14 (18-20 somites) to stage 15 (21-25 somites); Bard et al., 1998] were dissected and decapitated in DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum. For live imaging, embryos were submerged just below the surface of optimised media (see Results) containing 25% DMEM and 75% rat serum. Cheese cloth or fragments of 1% agarose were used to position the lateral plate mesoderm and early limb bud directly against a coverslip at the bottom of a metallic confocal well, such that the entire depth of the tissue under study could be visualised. Time-lapse imaging experiments were performed for periods of up to 3 hours in a humidified chamber at 37°C in 5% CO2. The presence of pyknotic nuclei disqualified live-imaging experiments from analysis.
Two transgenic zebrafish lines, h2af/z:gfp (Pauls et al., 2001) and βactin:hras-egfp (Cooper et al., 2005), were used. Embryos were cultured using Mesab (tricaine, Sigma) anaesthetic in egg water at 28°C for up to 3 hours in air. Some zebrafish embryos were cultured in egg water in the presence of 4 μM latrunculin A or its carrier 0.1% DMSO.
Laser-scanning confocal data were acquired using a Zeiss LSM 510 META microscope system and a LiveCell culture chamber (Neue Biosciences). GFP and Venus fluorophores were excited using a 488 nm argon laser. For three-dimensional time-lapse experiments, a high frequency of mitoses and a lack of pyknotic nuclei in every acquired z-stack, as visualised directly with the aid of the CAG::H2B-EGFP and h2af/z:gfp reporters, confirmed good tissue health (Plusa et al., 2008). During the stages investigated in this study, there is normally little to no apoptosis in the mouse limb bud (Fernández-Terán et al., 2006). Therefore, the presence of any pyknotic nuclei disqualified data sets from analysis. Confocal images were acquired as z-stacks of xy images taken at 2-5 μm z intervals.
We focused on the two-dimensional coronal plane that is composed of the proximodistal (defined here as the x-axis) and rostrocaudal (or anteroposterior, defined as the y-axis) axes and did not record data in the dorsoventral (z) axis, as resolution along this axis is poor with current instrumentation and optimal acquisition for maintaining sample viability.
Chick embryos at Hamburger and Hamilton stage (HH) 15-17 were exposed through a window in the shell. Hand-pulled glass needles were used to deliver small spots of DiI to the lateral plate mesoderm. Embryos were photographed using a Leica MZ16 F stereomicroscope to document the position of the dye, and then cultured in ovo at 39°C until HH 20 prior to being rephotographed.
Zebrafish embryos were injected at the one-cell stage with DMNB-FITC for ubiquitous distribution and allowed to develop in the dark until 16 hours post-fertilisation (hpf). Cells in the lateral plate were then labelled through photo-activation of the FITC with a 365 nm laser focused through a 20× objective on a compound microscope. Embryos were allowed to develop until 28 hpf and were then immunostained against FITC to amplify the signal.
Acrylic beads were soaked for 1 hour in Wnt5a (1 mg/ml), Fgf8 (1 mg/ml), sonic hedgehog (Shh) (1 mg/ml), retinoic acid (RA) (10 μg/ml) (Helms et al., 1994), or carrier (PBS; DMSO for RA). HH 16 chick embryos were accessed in ovo through a window. The ectoderm overlying the lateral plate mesoderm was incised just enough to allow implantation of an acrylic bead into the mesoderm. Small spots of DiI were placed within 200 μm rostral and caudal to the bead for optimal sensitivity based on the findings of a previous chemotaxis assay (Li and Muneoka, 1999). Distance was measured directly from captured images using the scale bar. Embryos were photographed using a Leica MZ16 F stereomicroscope to document the position of the dye relative to the bead and then cultured in ovo at 39°C until HH 20, prior to being rephotographed. Maintenance of separation between the bead and the DiI was taken to imply a lack of chemoattraction, as was seen with all carrier-soaked beads. Approximation of previously separated DiI to the bead in the form of a contiguous streak was taken to imply chemoattraction of mesoderm to the bead.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV; DaVis, LaVision, Göttingen, Germany) was used to determine bulk tissue motion based on the trajectory of fluorescent nuclei over successive time-lapse frames in two dimensions.
Paraffin-embedded sections were stained against GM130 (Golga2), a Golgi matrix protein, and counterstained with the nuclear marker DAPI. The angle, from 0-359°, at which the Golgi lay with respect to the centre of the nucleus was measured for individual cells using the rostrocaudal embryo axis as the 0/180° line of reference. Confocal microscopy was used to obtain multiple z-stacks through the entire specimen under investigation. The nucleus-Golgi angles were measured for all cells while avoiding duplication by selecting z-stacks separated by one cell diameter. Measurements were grouped into twelve segments of 30° and were represented on a polar plot.
Time-lapse movies of CAG::H2B-EGFP and h2af/z:gfp transgenic mouse and zebrafish limb buds imaged in the coronal plane were inspected frame-by-frame using Volocity software (Improvision). Confocal z-stacks, together encompassing the entire depth of the tissue under study, were assessed individually. Care was taken not to record duplicate mitoses on adjacent z-stacks by ensuring that they were separated by one cell depth. Two regions were analysed separately: lateral plate mesoderm medial to where the limb bud protrudes beyond the trunk, and the limb bud lateral to that line. Tracing paper was used to draw a line precisely representing the metaphase-to-telophase transition of every single mitosis identified. Angles of these lines were measured from 0-180° using a compass with reference to the rostrocaudal axis of the embryo as derived from low-magnification images, with 0 representing the rostral end. The planes of cell division were grouped into six segments of 30° and were represented on a polar plot with segments shaded symmetrically about the centre. Segment length was used to denote the proportion of divisions within that range. This methodology is capable of detecting a bias in cell division along the rostrocaudal and proximodistal axes, but not the dorsoventral axis.
To characterise cell movements during early limb bud outgrowth, we first established a system facilitating the ex utero development of intact lateral plate and early limb bud mesoderm in which those tissues could be live imaged. Transgenic CAG::H2B-EGFP mouse embryos (Hadjantonakis and Papaioannou, 2004) were used because localisation of the H2B-GFP fusion reporter to chromatin facilitates the visualisation of nuclei during all phases of the cell cycle, such that cells can be segmented and individually tracked in four dimensions (three-dimensional time-lapse). We optimised 3-hour static culture conditions of decapitated E9.0-9.5 (18-25 somites) mouse embryos by testing various media and rat serum concentrations. Using the quality of extracted ribosomal RNA bands as a readout, we determined that in a 5% CO2 environment maintained at 37°C, 75% rat serum supplemented with DMEM provided optimal ex utero development of static samples in a chamber resting on the microscope stage (see Fig. S1A in the supplementary material). We confirmed that short-term culture under these conditions did not result in increased cell death as assessed by LysoTracker Red staining (see Fig. S1B in the supplementary material), nor in dysmorphology of the limb bud (see Fig. S1C in the supplementary material). Using this formulation coupled with rapid dissection and short-term (up to 3 hours) time-lapse imaging experiments, pyknotic nuclei (a sign of cell necrosis, see Materials and methods) were rarely observed in CAG::H2B-EGFP transgenic tissues during live-image data acquisition.
As forelimb and hindlimb development might be subject to distinct kinetics, we chose to focus our studies on the forelimb. During Theiler stage 14 (∼E9.0-9.25, 18-20 somites) the prospective mouse forelimb field appears as a barely perceptible thickening of lateral plate mesoderm between somites 8 and 12. Live imaging at this site revealed tissue movement in a rostral-to-caudal direction relative to somite boundaries (n=8 embryos studied) (Fig. 1A; see Movie 1 in the supplementary material). This finding explains previous fate-mapping (Chaube, 1959) and Tbx5 gene expression (Agarwal et al., 2003; Ahn et al., 2002; Zhao et al., 2009) studies that suggest a caudal progression of the prospective forelimb-forming region of the lateral plate mesoderm relative to the somites, prior to overt limb morphogenesis.
At Theiler stage 15 (∼E9.25-9.5, 21-25 somites), lateral plate mesoderm was seen entering the early forelimb bud at an oblique angle from rostral positions (Fig. 1B,C), and laterally from more central positions relative to the limb bud (Fig. 1D; see Movie 2 in the supplementary material). The relative velocity of movement gradually increased from proximal to distal within the bud (Fig. 1D,E). This finding suggests that velocity is additive within the bud, and that the substrate for movements is the neighbouring cells themselves. Movement into the limb bud from caudal positions relative to the bud was not observed. Rather, tissue in the posterior aspect of the limb bud demonstrated rotational movement, such that cells at the posterior edge moved slightly back towards the embryo (n=10) (Fig. 1E; see Movie 2 in the supplementary material). This pattern of movement is partially analogous to the rotational motion of later limb ectoderm (Boot et al., 2008) and to polonaise movements that occur during primitive streak formation (Cui et al., 2005; Voiculescu et al., 2007), suggesting that rotation of tissue commonly accompanies longitudinal growth during development. In summary, these data indicate that lateral plate mesoderm cells migrate into the early mouse limb bud, and do so primarily from rostral and lateral positions (Fig. 1F).
Mesoderm trajectories during mouse early limb outgrowth. For vector velocity fields (VVFs), longer arrow length and red end of the spectrum correlate with higher relative velocity within a given experiment. (A) VVF of lateral plate mesoderm adjacent to somites 8-12 of a CAG::H2B-EGFP transgenic embryo at late Theiler stage 14 (E9.0-9.25, 18-20 somites), just prior to limb outgrowth. Rostral-to-caudal tissue movement relative to a stationary somite boundary (asterisk) is evident. Inset depicts field of view. (B) Dorsal view of early forelimb buds of a Theiler stage 15 (E9.25-9.5, 21-25 somites) wild-type (WT) embryo. The inset and arrow depict the direction of view; the orange line indicates the margin of the right-hand side lateral plate mesoderm. The hindlimb bud is beyond the field of view. The boxed regions indicate the field of view in C-E. (C) VVF of the anterior margin of a early WT limb bud at Theiler stage 15. Mesoderm moves obliquely from lateral plate mesoderm (lpm) toward the limb bud (lb). (D,E) Separate z-stacks of a Theiler stage 15 WT forelimb bud. Within the early limb bud, mesoderm moves in a posterodistal direction. Tissue near the posterior margin rotates in a proximal direction. (F) Schematic depiction of regional tissue vectors during early limb outgrowth. (G) Lateral plate mesoderm of Wnt5a–/–;CAG::H2B-EGFPTg/+ at Theiler stage 14 lacks the coordinated movement seen in the WT embryo (A). Asterisk overlies somite. (H) The long-body axis and lateral plate mesoderm of a Wnt5a–/–;CAG::H2B-EGFPTg/+ embryo at Theiler stage 15 are shortened as compared with the WT embryo (B). The orange outline delineates the truncated lateral plate mesoderm and the hindlimb bud (*), which is in abnormally close proximity to the forelimb bud. (H′) Expression ofTbx4 by in situ hybridisation confirms that the bulge close to the forelimb is indeed the hindlimb. The forelimb (boxed region) is shown in I. (I) Tissue movement into the early Wnt5a–/–;CAG::H2B-EGFPTg/+ limb bud is evident, albeit at a lower velocity, compared with WT embryos (see text).
Wnt5a has been implicated in the regulation of cell polarity and directional cell movement in a number of contexts, including the morphogenesis of early mesoderm (Sweetman et al., 2008; Witze et al., 2008). Wnt5a mutant mice exhibit severe shortening of the body axis and limbs (Yamaguchi et al., 1999). To determine whether this mutant phenotype might be due, in part, to a cell migration defect, we used the CAG::H2B-GFP reporter to live image Wnt5a–/– embryos. At Theiler stage 14, lateral plate mesoderm cells of Wnt5a–/– embryos lacked the rostral-to-caudal movement seen in WT littermates (n=5) (Fig. 1G; see Movie 3 in the supplementary material). At Theiler stage 15, a corresponding shortening of the lateral plate mesoderm (and entire long-body axis) was clearly evident (Fig. 1H). This shortening is underscored by the unusual proximity of the hindlimb bud field (as identified by expression of Tbx4, a specific marker of the hindlimb) to the forelimb (Fig. 1H′). Cells in the early Wnt5a–/– forelimb bud moved with a vector comparable to that of WT littermates, albeit at a reduced velocity (Fig. 1I; see Movie 4 in the supplementary material). The mean velocity of randomly selected cells individually traced frame-by-frame from z-stacks midway through the dorsoventral axis for 1.5 hours in WT embryos was 20.2 μm/hour (s.d.=2.6), compared with 10.8 μm/hour (s.d.=2.3) in the mutants, (P<0.0001, n=20 cells traced in three embryos each). Therefore, these data suggest that Wnt5a is necessary to maintain the normal velocity of mesoderm cell movements.
Regional lineage of chick lateral plate mesoderm during early wing bud outgrowth. Merged bright-field and fluorescent images. (A,A′) Chick embryo labelled with spots of DiI (orange) at HH 16 (26-28 somites) at the start of wing bud outgrowth and cultured in ovo. The rostral-most spots on the left side are adjacent to somites 17/18. (B,B′) In the same embryo at HH 20, DiI-labelled tissue has become displaced into the wing bud. Streaks of DiI suggest caudal-lateral oblique movement of mesoderm into the anterior wing bud from a rostral position. (C-D′) Lineage tracing in another embryo with images taken before (C,C′) and after (D,D′) culture in ovo. DiI spots adjacent to somites 19/20 at HH 16/17 (C,C′) were displaced in a linear fashion by HH 20, heading directly lateral (D,D′). These findings are consistent with the movements observed in the mouse embryo, as shown in Fig. 1. (E-H) Pre- and post-culture images showing that chemoattraction of DiI-labelled mesoderm is not apparent toward a bead (arrowheads) soaked in PBS (E,F), but is apparent toward a bead soaked in Wnt5a protein in PBS (G,H).
To cross-validate our directional movement findings from the mouse embryo, we studied tissue displacements in the chick embryo by lineage tracing. The chick wing bud arises from lateral plate mesoderm adjacent to somites 18-22 at HH 16 (26-28 somites total) (Chaube, 1959). HH 15-17 chick embryos were labelled with DiI and cultured in ovo at 39°C until HH 20 (40-43 somites). Lateral plate mesoderm labelled in the rostral portion of the wing bud-forming region, adjacent to somites 17 and 18, left a trail of dye entering the early wing bud in a caudal and lateral direction (n=10) (Fig. 2A,B). Mesoderm that was labelled more centrally and inferiorly, adjacent to somites 19-21, resulted in a more directly lateral trail of DiI entering the bud (n=6) (Fig. 2C,D). Tissue caudal to somite 21 was not found to enter the wing bud, but rather became displaced just caudal to the bud (n=7; data not shown). The linear displacement of dye that we observed, as opposed to the displacement of intact spots, could result from a number of mechanisms, including directed cell migration and oriented cell division. Nonetheless, the pattern of mesoderm movement into the early wing bud, however, was similar to that of the mouse limb bud.
To identify candidate molecules that might function to draw mesoderm into the early limb field, we performed chemotaxis assays in chick embryos. We tested Wnt5a, Fgf8, sonic hedgehog (Shh) and retinoic acid (RA). Wnt5a is expressed in the early ectoderm and distal mesenchyme of the nascent limb bud (Gavin et al., 1990), whereas Fgf8 is expressed by the AER (Crossley and Martin, 1995). Shh is expressed in the posterior limb bud mesoderm (Riddle et al., 1993), and RA is expressed in lateral plate mesoderm prior to, and during, limb initiation, and is necessary for forelimb induction (Zhao et al., 2009). Acrylic beads were soaked in protein or carrier for 1 hour prior to implantation into HH 16 chick embryo lateral plate mesoderm. Spots of DiI were placed rostral and caudal within 200 μm of the bead for optimal sensitivity of the assay (Li and Muneoka, 1999), and the position of these spots relative to the bead was documented. Following overnight incubation in ovo, the position and configuration of the DiI relative to the bead was again documented. Beads soaked in Wnt5a, but not PBS, frequently became surrounded by DiI that was contiguous with the previously distinct spot of dye (P=0.04, Fisher's exact test) (Table 1, Fig. 2E-H). Neither carrier alone, nor any of the other proteins tested, exhibited evidence of chemotaxis. These data suggest that Wnt5a acts as a chemoattractant of mesoderm. Our observations are consistent with similar findings in the developing mouse palate (He et al., 2008).
We extended our tissue movement analyses to zebrafish (Danio rerio) to establish whether the early mechanisms of budding are conserved despite the divergent structural features of the mature limb and fin. The zebrafish pectoral fin bud becomes morphologically distinct from lateral plate mesoderm adjacent to somites 2 and 3 at 24 hpf (26 somites). To localise the region of the lateral plate mesoderm that gives rise to the pectoral fin bud, we performed lineage tracing. Ubiquitously distributed, but non-emitting fluorescein (DMNB-FITC), was uncaged in lateral plate mesoderm adjacent to specific somites using a focused laser at 18 hpf (18 somites), prior to fin initiation (Fig. 3A). Embryos developed until 28 hpf (30 somites) and were then immunostained against FITC. We found that cells labelled in the lateral plate adjacent to somites 1-4, but not those adjacent to somite 5, contributed to the mature pectoral fin bud (Fig. 3B,D). For validation of our lineage-tracing method, we performed the same experiment in the presence of morpholinos against tbx5 that are known to produce deficient pectoral fins. As expected (Ahn et al., 2002), mesoderm in these embryos that was labelled adjacent to somites 1-4 became scattered, rather than focused, in the limb bud (Fig. 3C). Our lineage-tracing observations suggest that lateral plate mesoderm condenses during formation of the pectoral fin (Fig. 3E). In contrast to the mouse embryo, in which primarily rostral lateral plate tissue migrates into the limb bud, zebrafish lateral plate tissue migrates from both rostral and caudal positions to enter the early bud.
Lineage and movement of mesoderm during early pectoral fin development in zebrafish. (A) Fluorescein uncaged in the lateral plate mesoderm (arrow) at 16 hpf (18 somites). (B) By 28 hpf (30 somites), in the same embryo as in A, focal fluorescence is found in the early fin bud (arrow). (C) In tbx5 morpholino (MO) knockdown embryos, a fin bud fails to form and labelled tissue becomes scattered throughout the mesoderm (arrow). (D) Summary of lateral plate lineage-tracing experiments. Mesoderm adjacent to somites 1 to 4, but not 5, contributes to the pectoral fin bud. (E) Since the pectoral fin bud arises adjacent to somites 2 and 3, we infer that lateral plate mesoderm condenses during fin initiation. (F,F′) Field of view (boxed) and position of a maturing pectoral fin bud at 44 hpf (arrowhead), positioned as in G-I. (G) VVF of an h2af/z:gfp transgenic embryo at 44 hpf. (H) Schematic representation of tissue movements in the maturing (35-45 hpf) fin bud. The movements are comparable to those of the mouse limb bud, taking into account the different orientation of the two buds with respect to the embryo body. (I) VVF of a 44 hpf embryo treated with 4 μM latrunculin A. Tissue motion is halted (but not with 0.1% DMSO carrier) as demonstrated by the lack of arrows under PIV analysis.
To assess cell movements in the more mature pectoral fin bud, but prior to cartilaginous condensation, we live imaged h2af/z:gfp (Pauls et al., 2001) transgenic zebrafish embryos. With the embryo in the sagittal plane, views of the broad two-dimensional proximodistal-anteroposterior surface of the pectoral fin bud, comparable to those of the mouse forelimb bud, were achieved (Fig. 3F,F′). Limited cell movements were seen between 28 and 40 hpf (see Movie 5 in the supplementary material). From 40 to 45 hpf, fin mesoderm cells could be seen to move in a rotatory fashion, from proximal-anterior to distal-posterior (n=16) (Fig. 3G; see Movie 6 in the supplementary material). This movement was analogous to those in the mouse limb bud at Theiler stage 15 (Fig. 3H), taking into account the different orientation of the limb and fin buds. Tissue motion was abolished in the presence of 4 μM latrunculin A, but not 0.1% DMSO carrier (n=4) (Fig. 3I; see Movie 7 in the supplementary material), indicating that actin-based mechanisms are required for cell movement.
Having shown that the movement of cells is regionally distinct in the forelimb-forming region of each organism, we sought to establish whether mesoderm cells in these regions exhibit a distinct shape and orientation. We performed live imaging of CAG::myr-Venus transgenic mice (Rhee et al., 2006) and βactin:hras-egfp (Cooper et al., 2005) transgenic zebrafish. These transgenic reporters illuminate the cell perimeter, avoiding potential artefactual changes in cell morphology that might be associated with tissue fixation. Multiple z-stacks encompassing the entire depth of the relevant tissue were taken in the coronal plane. By imaging multiple planes and identifying the distinct morphological characteristics of the single-cell layer of ectoderm (Fig. 4), we ensured that only mesoderm was analysed. Regional differences in mesoderm cell shape were identified in both mouse and zebrafish. Mouse lateral plate mesoderm cells at Theiler stage 14 (n=11) and those just medial to the early limb bud at Theiler stage 15 (n=9) displayed elongated shapes that ran parallel to the rostrocaudal axis of the embryo body (Fig. 4A,C). However, in Wnt5a–/– mutants, elongated cell shapes were not apparent at either stage (n=7 and 4, respectively) (Fig. 4B,D). WT (n=9) and Wnt5a–/– mutant (n=9) limb bud cells lateral to the trunk at Theiler stage 15 exhibited isotropic shapes without a longitudinal bias (Fig. 4A-F). Little to no intervening space between cells was evident by live imaging (Fig. 4A-F).
To test whether mesoderm cells exhibit polarity that corresponds to their direction of movement, we determined the location of the Golgi apparatus relative to the nucleus. The Golgi apparatus is commonly located near the leading edge of a motile cell (Nabi, 1999). At Theiler stage 14 (20 somites), we identified a caudal and lateral bias in the position of the Golgi in WT mesoderm cells (n=3) (Fig. 4G,I). However, in Wnt5a–/– mutant mesoderm, this bias was not apparent (n=3, P<0.05, χ2 test) (Fig. 4H,J). These findings correlate with the direction of mesoderm movement in WT embryos as well as with the diminished movements seen in Wnt5a–/– mutants, and suggest that cell polarity is required for directed cell movements.
In zebrafish, lateral plate cells at the base of the pectoral fin bud also exhibited a longitudinal bias parallel to the rostrocaudal axis of the embryo (n=6) (Fig. 4K). Most of the cells within the fin bud were isotropic between 35 and 45 hpf, as in the mouse bud, but cells at the proximal-anterior portion of the 40-45 hpf fin bud displayed a distinctive mediolateral longitudinal orientation, parallel to the proximodistal axis of the fin bud and perpendicular to the rostrocaudal embryo axis (n=10) (Fig. 4L,M). Silencing of the βactin:hras-egfp transgene resulted in mosaic reporter expression and facilitated the visualisation of individual cell morphologies. We observed actin-rich protrusions pointing posterodistally from the distal end of the elongated cells (Fig. 4K,M). These protrusions were likely to be filopodia, localised to the leading edge of cells and extending in the direction of movement.
Our data revealed parallels between cell orientation and the direction of tissue movement. A transition of cell behaviours is likely to involve active remodelling of the cytoskeleton because filopodia and Golgi localise to the leading side of mesoderm cells and latrunculin treatment impairs cell movement. The lack of apparent intercellular matrix seen by live imaging supports the proposal that the substrate upon which motion occurs is the cells themselves. Cell division might therefore be capable of influencing tissue motion.
Regional differences in cell shape during early limb bud outgrowth. (A-F) Theiler stage 15 (21-25 somites) CAG::myr-Venus transgenic mouse embryos imaged live using a confocal microscope. Rostral positions are towards the top of the images. Somites, which contain cells of distinctive shape for comparison, are indicated by asterisks (A,B). WT lateral plate mesoderm (lpm) cells adjacent to the early limb bud are oriented longitudinally, parallel to the rostrocaudal axis of the embryo. This is observed as longitudinal streaking adjacent to the somites in A, and anteromedial to the early limb bud in C. Cells within the early WT limb bud (lb) are isotropic (A,C,E). By contrast, cells in Wnt5a–/– littermates (B,D,F) are isotropic in both the lateral plate and the limb bud. This finding correlates with the shortening and relative lack of tissue movement observed in Wnt5a–/– lateral plate mesoderm. (G,H) GM130 (Golga2) stain (green) highlights the location of the Golgi relative to nuclei (DAPI, blue). In Theiler stage 14 embryos (20 somites), Golgi are commonly found caudal and lateral to corresponding nuclei in the WT forelimb mesoderm field (arrows), but not in Wnt5a–/– mutants. Since Golgi are found at the leading edge of motile cells, these data correlate well with the direction of tissue motion in WT embryos, and the lack of movement of Wnt5a–/– mesoderm demonstrated in Fig. 1. (I,J) Polar plots summarising Golgi angle in relation to the nuclear centre, with embryonic reference marks as shown. (K-M) Separate z-stacks of a live βactin:hras-egfp transgenic zebrafish fin bud at 42 hpf. Lpm cells at the base of the fin bud (blue arrowhead, K) are elongated, parallel to the rostrocaudal axis of the embryo. Most cells in the fin bud are isotropic. However, cells in the proximal-anterior region of the fin bud are elongated, with an anteroproximal-to-posterodistal long axis, parallel to their direction of movement (red arrowhead, L). Some of these cells exhibit protrusions at their posterodistal tip (white arrowheads, K,M). ecto, ectoderm; lpm, lateral plate mesoderm; lb, limb bud; fb, fin bud.
We sought to integrate data on cell division planes with our other findings. Time-lapse images of CAG::H2B-EGFP and h2af/z:gfp transgenic mouse and zebrafish buds, respectively, captured in the coronal plane were inspected frame by frame. Analysis of individual z-stacks facilitated the identification of mitotic planes (see Movie 8 in the supplementary material). The angle of the metaphase-to-telophase transition of every mitosis identified throughout a given specimen was measured with respect to the rostrocaudal axis (Fig. 5A).
In both mouse and zebrafish embryos, we found evidence for spatially distinct preferences in cell division planes. In lateral plate mesoderm at Theiler stage 14, the preferred plane of division was parallel to the rostrocaudal axis of the embryo (n=2 embryos, 61 mitotic angles measured; Fig. 5B). This bias was similar in lateral plate tissue medial to the early limb bud at Theiler stage 15 (n=2, 66 mitoses; Fig. 5C). In the early bud itself, a bias in the plane of cell division was identified perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo (n=2, 224 mitoses; Fig. 5D). The distribution of division planes was significantly different between WT lateral plate mesoderm and limb bud (P=0.007, χ2 test). Cell division planes in Wnt5a mutant lateral plate mesoderm lacked the distinct orientation bias of WT embryos (n=2, 50 mitoses, P=0.05; Fig. 5E). However, in the Wnt5a mutant limb bud, there remained evidence of a bias in division plane largely perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo, similar to that of WT embryos (n=2, 59 mitoses, P=0.9; Fig. 5F).
Zebrafish embryos demonstrated similarities in cell division planes to mouse embryos. At 35 hpf, lateral plate mesoderm cells divided with a bias similar to that of mice (n=2, 24 mitoses; Fig. 5G), whereas fin bud cell divisions were more strikingly biased perpendicular to the embryo long axis (n=2, 30 mitoses, P=0.02; Fig. 5H). By 44 hpf, a preferred plane of cell division was no longer apparent in the lateral plate as compared with 35 hpf embryos (n=2, 20 mitoses, P=0.3; Fig. 5I). A cell division bias did persist in the 44 hpf fin bud, where it was comparable to that of 35 hpf embryos (n=2, 70 mitoses, P=0.6; Fig. 5J). Collectively, these data indicate that distinct preferences in cell division plane occur between lateral plate mesoderm and the early limb bud.
We have investigated the individual cell behaviours driving the tissue-scale morphogenetic mechanisms by which the vertebrate limb bud arises. Our findings challenge the notion that cell movement is a feature of only lower vertebrate early limb outgrowth (Rallis et al., 2003). Our data explain the previously observed caudal displacement of lateral plate mesoderm (Chaube, 1959) and of the Tbx5 expression domain that marks the forelimb field prior to initiation (Agarwal et al., 2003; Zhao et al., 2009). Importantly, cell motion and division planes are reoriented during early limb outgrowth. Taken together with previous fate mapping of the later limb bud (Saunders, 1948; Vargesson et al., 1997) and genetic studies (Hasson et al., 2007; Naiche and Papaioannou, 2007; Ros et al., 1996), our results suggest that limb initiation and subsequent outgrowth represent distinct lateral plate-dependent and -independent phases of development.
Evidence for regionally localised oriented cell division during early limb development in mouse and zebrafish. (A) Method of measuring cell division angle. h2af/z:gfp transgenic zebrafish chromatin undergoing mitosis (arrowheads) is visualised on successive frames. The angle of a line joining the daughter chromatin centres at telophase is measured with reference to the longitudinal axis of the lateral plate mesoderm (fourth frame down). The level at which the limb bud protruded beyond the lateral plate was selected as the boundary between these two regions on every individual z-stack (long white line, fourth frame down). Every mitotic angle visualised on all z-stacks, together encompassing the entire limb bud, was measured over the whole duration of each time-lapse experiment. (B-J) Polar plot representations of cell division planes in which the rostrocaudal axis is defined at 0/180°, and the lateral and future distal axis of the limb bud is defined at 90°. The proportion of cell divisions in each 30° segment is represented by the length of the segment. (B) During mouse Theiler stage 14 (18 somites), lateral plate mesoderm adjacent to somites 8-12 exhibits a preferential plane of cell division that is parallel to the rostrocaudal embryo axis. At Theiler stage 15 (21-25 somites), although the same preferential plane of division is found in the lateral plate (C), cells in the early limb bud exhibit a different orientation of division that is perpendicular to the rostrocaudal axis, but parallel to the direction of bud outgrowth (D). In Wnt5a–/– mutants, orientation of cell division in the lateral plate is less apparent (E), although some orientation in the limb bud is evident (F). This finding correlates with the severe shortening and lack of tissue movement in the lateral plate mesoderm of Wnt5a–/– mutants, whereas budding of the limbs takes place with evident cell movement, as seen in Fig. 1. In zebrafish at 35 hpf, the orientation of cell division is similar to that of the mouse embryo (G), although more pronounced in the limb bud (H). By 44 hpf, orientation of cell division in the lateral plate is lost (I), while it persists in the fin bud (J).
Our comparative analyses reveal that cell movement occurs similarly in the mouse and chick. Mesoderm movement also occurs during early fin outgrowth, albeit in a different pattern that later becomes analogous to that of the mouse. Our data confirm that the apparent condensation of the tbx5 expression domain during zebrafish pectoral fin initiation (Ahn et al., 2002) is secondary to cell movement, rather than to the loss and gain of expression among different cell populations. Differences in tissue movement during early forelimb outgrowth between the mouse and zebrafish might be attributable to differences in the position of the limb bud relative to the active site of rostrocaudal axis elongation at the tail end. In zebrafish, the posterior growing end of the embryo is, in relative terms, further away from the pectoral fin field, and the lateral plate mesoderm adjacent to the pectoral fin bud does not exhibit caudal-ward motion. The pre-existing caudal-ward vector adjacent to the mouse forelimb field is likely to influence cell movements into the early bud.
An active transition of cell polarity might provide the necessary coordinate behaviour that underlies initial bud outgrowth. We found that the oriented migration and division of mesoderm cells are linked. Disruption of cell polarity in the Wnt5a mouse mutants simultaneously resulted in the loss of longitudinal cell organisation, of oriented cell division and of directional movement. Although multiple forces, such as oriented cell division and directional cell movement, are likely to contribute to limb budding, these Wnt5a mutant data suggest that all such behaviours result from positional polarity possessed by mesoderm cells.
Our data are consistent with a model in which Wnt5a is involved both in establishing mesodermal cell orientation and in signalling the transition of cell polarity that is necessary to generate a limb bud. Expression of Wnt5a in the elongating tail bud is likely to contribute to the orientation of cells in the lateral plate mesoderm. By virtue of a new expression domain in the nascent limb field (Gavin et al., 1990), Wnt5a is likely to provide a repolarisation cue for mesodermal cells to move toward the new Wnt5a source. There are likely to be redundant factors contributing to this transition, as the limb bud was not as strongly affected as the lateral plate mesoderm in the absence of Wnt5a. A subset of the numerous Wnt and Frizzled genes that are expressed in the limb bud (Summerhurst et al., 2008) might perform this function, among other candidates.
Although the mechanism linking cell polarity with directional movement through cytoskeletal changes in response to Wnt5a has been explored in depth (Witze et al., 2008), the relationship of oriented division to directional movement remains unclear. We speculate that cell division generates a force that is capable of influencing the direction of movement of neighbouring cells in early mesoderm, where they are closely apposed. Although Fgf8 was not found to be a chemoattractant in our assay, it is likely to facilitate the entry of cells into the nascent limb bud by rendering the limb field mesoderm more fluid in nature (Damon et al., 2008) and by promoting cell survival (Sun et al., 2002). Directional movement and increased rates of proliferation also explain why the limb field, which exhibits higher tissue cohesiveness, is not engulfed by the lateral plate mesoderm. Our data therefore suggest that multiple mechanisms contribute to early limb bud outgrowth. Improvements in our ability to visualise and measure physical forces in living embryos will facilitate further dissection of the nature and complexity of the morphogenetic mechanisms that generate the limb bud.
We thank Dr Terry P. Yamaguchi for Wnt5a mutant mice; Dr Jacek Topczewski and the late Dr José A. Campos-Ortega for βactin:hras-egfp and h2af/z:gfp transgenic zebrafish lines, respectively; Drs Gail Martin and Didier Stainier for guidance and review of the manuscript; Drs Sean Egan, Chi-chung Hui, Janet Rossant, James Sharpe, Patrick Tam, Rudolph Winklbauer and Yogiro Yamanaka for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by Research Grant 5-FY07-652 from the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation and by a Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America Angela Kuo Young Investigator Award (to S.H.). K.M.V. was supported by an NSF Pre-doctoral fellowship and his work in the Martin and Stainier labs was supported by the NIH. Work in B.G.C.'s laboratory is supported by The Terry Fox Foundation. Work in M.W.'s laboratory is supported by NSERC and CFI. Work in A.-K.H.'s laboratory is supported by the NIH (RO1-HD052115 and RO1-DK084391) and NYSTEM. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months.
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Adam Ford knows exactly how to put you into the "Mood" – @TheOneAdamFord
Adam Ford and LimeLife are slowly but surely making noise with sweet harmonies and establishing their place in the R&B realm. At the age of 16, Adam began singing and established a five man group called RichMan. The group's first performance was in front of the wealthiest audience at the Ft. Lauderdale Boat Show and they loved it. It was evident that this would be a group to be reckoned with. The career of the group was short lived, as they broke up a year later in 2009, and from there, Adam Ford, solo artist, was created.
In late 2015, with the support of LimeLife Miami, an up and coming Entertainment Label, Adam began creating waves in his city. His hit single "Mood" lit the city up and he began touring it throughout colleges and universities. Since than, Adam has also recorded another catchy record titled "Mood", and it has the ladies going crazy with its smooth melody and sexy words.
Adam Ford Audio Florida Fort Lauderdale Mood r&b	2018-02-10
About Blitz
President, E.I.C. & Content Manager for Get Your Buzz Up - Digital Media Specialist For Independent Artists
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3LetterzNuk makes an impressive debut on the 14 track mixtape titled "I'm Back" – @3letterznuk
DMV rapper Goonew teams with producer Sparkheem for the street heavy, "Bricks"
Dirty Da Don is a man of action when it comes to producing a lot …


Each year, the American Society for Public Administration awards Founders' Fellowships. The Fellowships are designed to recognize outstanding students and new professionals in public administration. Selected as part of a competitive review process, the Fellows are selected to present their scholarship during the ASPA Annual Conference. They also receive substantial professional development and networking opportunities, including mentoring by a seasoned scholar or practitioner.
Complimentary registration to the 2015 annual conference.
Tickets to special conference events.
To view a list of the selected Founders' Fellows, click here.
Congratulations to all of the 2015 Fellows!


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Good King Wenceslas
Products in this Issue
Set of 7 Stamps
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Some of our stamp issues are produced in sheets of ten. This enables collectors to obtain cost-effective sheets of each value with the name of the designer, printer and printer's information and 'traf..
The Philatelic Bureau offers a first day cover service in respect of all stamp issues. A set of stamps is affixed to an unaddressed, specially designed envelope and it is cancelled with a special pict..
Wenceslas I, was a descendant of the Premsyl family that rose to power in Bohemia. Known for his generosity to the poor and to the church, he was the Duke of Bohemia from 921 until his assassination in 929 or 935.
Based on the legend of Wenceslas I, English writer John Mason Neale wrote the lyrics to the popular Christmas Carol Good King Wenceslas in collaboration with Thomas Helmore, which first appeared in Carols for Christmas-Tide (1853).
It tells the story of a Bohemian king who is known for his acts of kindness and who braves the harsh weather to give alms to a poor peasant on the Feast of Stephen on 26 December.
Date of Issue 8th November 2017
Designer Keith Robinson
Printer Southern Colour Print
Values 39p, 44p, 59p, 60p, 73p, 80p, 90p
Process Offset Lithography
Stamp Size 40mm deep x 30mm wide
Paper Ritrama Semi-gloss 80 Stamp Paper Adhesive
Sheet 10
Perforation Simulated Perforation
Cylinder A - H


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Sam Alvey vs Gian Villante set for UFC Utica.
Published on Mar 13, 2018 Mar 13, 2018 by Jess Orr
Sam Alvey (32-10, 1NC) called Gian Villante (16-9) out after his last fight, and it looks like he will get his wish.
It will be Alveys second fight at LHW following a knockout of Marcin Prachnio at UFC on Fox 28 in Florida. Prior to making the move to LHW, Alvey fought in the UFC middleweight division, racking up a 8-5 record since signing with the promotion in 2014.
Villante is also coming off a win, taking a split decision over Francimar Barroso at UFC 220 in Boston. A win over Alvey would put him back over .500 in the UFC. A former football and wrestling standout at Hofstra University, Villante was once a promising NFL linebacker prospect, but chose a career in MMA after he became close with NCAA All-American wrestler and future UFC Middleweight Champion Chris Weidman. He has a 6-6 record in the UFC since signing with the promotion in 2013.
The light heavyweight bout is set to take place at #UFC Fight Night 131, scheduled for Friday, June 1 at the Adirondack Bank Center at Utica Memorial Auditorium.
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by Ben Borthwick on May 28, 2020
Xbox Series X promises backwards compatibility will support 'thousands of games' at launch
Tagged in: Microsoft, news, Xbox, Xbox-Series-X
Xbox has declared that Xbox Series X will feature backwards compatibility with "thousands of games" at launch in a new Xbox Wire post today touting the benefits of bringing your existing Xbox library to the upcoming console.
Jason Ronald, Director of Program Management for Xbox Series X, speaks in the post on how one of the goals in designing the new console was to 'empower gamers to play the best versions of games from across four generations of Xbox at the launch of Xbox Series X.' To that end, the same team that managed to bring 500 Xbox 360 games and many original Xbox games to Xbox One brought those same skills to the development of the new console – which required 'more than 100,000 hours of playtesting' (with that number said to be rising to 200,000 by launch) and 'significant innovation in the design of the custom processor as well as the unique design of the Xbox operating system and hypervisor at the heart of our next generation platform'.
To that end, Xbox is promising that 'thousands of games' are already playable on Xbox Series X today – and not only that, but promises that some older games will see technological improvements on the new console, which will reportedly allow the console to automatically add HDR support to games that weren't even developed when HDR was a thing. Other improvements include framerate and resolution upgrades and what's more, is that many of these improvements are apparently at a system level, and won't require any additional input from the game's original developers.
It's all pretty good news for those of us with large Xbox game collections, and the team aren't apparently going to stop there – with the post confirming that the backwards compatibility team will 'continue to listen to feedback from the community on additional titles you would like to see added to the compatibility program.'
Xbox Series X is set to launch later this year, with a still-pretty-vague 'Holiday 2020' window.
(via Xbox Wire)
Power On: The Story of Xbox docuseries available to watch now for free
Xbox's Phil Spencer & PlayStation's Jim Ryan reportedly criticise Activision Blizzard response in wake of Bobby Kotick allegations
Xbox Cloud Gaming now available on Xbox Series X|S and Xbox One consoles
The Faded Glories of God of War
Full NBA 2K16 soundtrack revealed
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Red Rescue Team Cheats for Gameboy Advance
Rulers of Nations: Geo-Political Simulator 2 Cheats for PC
Animal Crossing: New Horizons won't get any more DLC following Happy Home Paradise


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Harry Hallowes: Former squatter's plot of land sold to private bidder at auction
PUBLISHED: 16:40 18 June 2018 | UPDATED: 16:41 18 June 2018
Vicky Munro
The plot that Harry Hallowes owned on Hampstead Heath. Picture: Savills
A half-acre plot of Hampstead Heath was sold to a private buyer for £154,000 in an auction today, adding fuel to conservationists' fears that it could be developed
Harry Hallowes lived in a shack on the Heath for 20 years before gaining the land under squatter's rights
The plot, which is below the private gardens for Athlone House, was auctioned by homelessness charities, Shelter and Centrepoint to raise money. It was bequeathed to them in 2016 on the death of Harry Hallowes, a homeless man awarded squatter's rights to the land after living there for 20 years.
The charities elected for a public auction, rejecting a private offer from City of London Corporation (CoL) and the 121-year-old Heath and Hampstead Society, who wanted to acquire the land to incorporate it back into the surrounding Heath.
CoL's Hampstead Heath management committee chairman Karina Dostalova said: "We are very disappointed that the land has been put up for public auction.
"This land is entirely surrounded by Hampstead Heath which must be protected from the threat of development to safeguard the ecology and unique character of the Heath.
"We will vigorously enforce all legal restrictions possible which are in place to protect Hampstead Heath. Any requests for vehicle access to the land via the Heath, and any applications for underground supplies for power, water and gas will be refused."
Planning laws prevent any development on the plot, meaning it can only legally be used as a garden.
Heath and Hampstead Society chairman Marc Hutchinson said: "There is always a risk that, if the land remains in private hands, it will become subjected to attempted development, contrary to Harry's known wishes and to the detriment of the surrounding Heath."
However, Ms Dostalova added that even legal alterations to the land, such as chopping down the trees, could do ecological damage to wildlife species.
The charity, which spends more than £5m a year to maintain the Heath, said it made its original offer based on independent evaluations.
In a joint statement, the charities said they would put funds raised by the sale directly into the vital work that Harry wanted to be his legacy.
Hampstead Society
London Corporation


The apartment in Denia has 2 bedrooms and has capacity for 4 people. The apartment is charming, is very light, and is 75 m². It has views of the mountain and the garden. The property is located 1 km from the sand beach, 0 m from the city, 0 m from the supermarket. The house is situated in a residential neighborhood in a residential complex.The accommodation is equipped with the following items: garden, garden furniture, fenced garden, terrace, iron, internet (Wi-Fi), hair dryer, childrens area, air conditioning (hot/cold), air-conditioned, communal swimming pool, garage in the same building, 1 TV.In the vitroceramic open plan kitchen, refrigerator, microwave, oven, freezer, washing machine, dishwasher, dishes/cutlery, kitchen utensils, coffee machine, toaster, kettle and juicer are provided.