text:
package im.vector.fragments;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ExpandableListView;

import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
import org.matrix.androidsdk.MXSession;
import org.matrix.androidsdk.core.Log;
import org.matrix.androidsdk.core.MXPatterns;
import org.matrix.androidsdk.fragments.MatrixMessageListFragment;
import org.matrix.androidsdk.listeners.MXEventListener;
import org.matrix.androidsdk.rest.model.Event;
import org.matrix.androidsdk.rest.model.User;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import butterknife.BindView;
import im.vector.Matrix;
import im.vector.R;
import im.vector.activity.VectorBaseSearchActivity;
import im.vector.activity.VectorMemberDetailsActivity;
import im.vector.adapters.ParticipantAdapterItem;
import im.vector.adapters.VectorParticipantsAdapter;
import im.vector.contacts.Contact;
import im.vector.contacts.ContactsManager;
import im.vector.util.VectorUtils;

public class VectorSearchPeopleListFragment extends VectorBaseFragment {

    private static final String ARG_MATRIX_ID = "VectorSearchPeopleListFragment.ARG_MATRIX_ID";
    private static final String ARG_LAYOUT_ID = "VectorSearchPeopleListFragment.ARG_LAYOUT_ID";

    // the session
    private MXSession mSession;
    @BindView(R.id.search_people_list)
    ExpandableListView mPeopleListView;
    private VectorParticipantsAdapter mAdapter;

    // contacts manager listener
    // detect if a contact is a matrix user
    private final ContactsManager.ContactsManagerListener mContactsListener = new ContactsManager.ContactsManagerListener() {
        @Override
        public void onRefresh() {
            if (null != getActivity()) {
                getActivity().runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        if (getActivity() instanceof VectorBaseSearchActivity.IVectorSearchActivity) {
                            ((VectorBaseSearchActivity.IVectorSearchActivity) getActivity()).refreshSearch();
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onContactPresenceUpdate(final Contact contact, final String matrixId) {
        }

        @Override
        public void onPIDsUpdate() {
            if (null != getActivity()) {
                getActivity().runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        mAdapter.onPIdsUpdate();
                    }
                });
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onIdentityServerTermsNotSigned(String token) {
            Log.w("VectorSearchPeopleListFragment", "onIdentityServerTermsNotSigned()");
        }

        @Override
        public void onNoIdentityServerDefined() {

        }
    };

    // refresh the presence asap
    private final MXEventListener mEventsListener = new MXEventListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPresenceUpdate(final Event event, final User user) {
            if (null != getActivity()) {
                getActivity().runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        Map<Integer, List<Integer>> visibleChildViews = VectorUtils.getVisibleChildViews(mPeopleListView, mAdapter);

                        for (Integer groupPosition : visibleChildViews.keySet()) {
                            List<Integer> childPositions = visibleChildViews.get(groupPosition);

                            for (Integer childPosition : childPositions) {
                                Object item = mAdapter.getChild(groupPosition, childPosition);

                                if (item instanceof ParticipantAdapterItem) {
                                    ParticipantAdapterItem participantAdapterItem = (ParticipantAdapterItem) item;

                                    if (TextUtils.equals(user.user_id, participantAdapterItem.mUserId)) {
                                        mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    };

    /**
     * Static constructor
     *
     * @param matrixId the matrix id
     * @return a VectorSearchPeopleListFragment instance
     */
    public static VectorSearchPeopleListFragment newInstance(String matrixId, int layoutResId) {
        VectorSearchPeopleListFragment f = new VectorSearchPeopleListFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putInt(ARG_LAYOUT_ID, layoutResId);
        args.putString(ARG_MATRIX_ID, matrixId);
        f.setArguments(args);
        return f;
    }

    @Override
    public int getLayoutResId() {
        Bundle args = getArguments();

        return args.getInt(ARG_LAYOUT_ID);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NotNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);

        Bundle args = getArguments();

        String matrixId = args.getString(ARG_MATRIX_ID);
        mSession = Matrix.getInstance(getActivity()).getSession(matrixId);

        if ((null == mSession) || !mSession.isAlive()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Must have valid default MXSession.");
        }

        // the chevron is managed in the header view
        mPeopleListView.setGroupIndicator(null);
        mAdapter = new VectorParticipantsAdapter(getActivity(),
                R.layout.adapter_item_vector_add_participants,
                R.layout.adapter_item_vector_people_header,
                mSession, null, false);
        mPeopleListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);

        mPeopleListView.setOnChildClickListener(new ExpandableListView.OnChildClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onChildClick(ExpandableListView parent, View v, int groupPosition, int childPosition, long id) {
                Object child = mAdapter.getChild(groupPosition, childPosition);

                if (child instanceof ParticipantAdapterItem && ((ParticipantAdapterItem) child).mIsValid) {
                    ParticipantAdapterItem item = (ParticipantAdapterItem) child;

                    Intent startRoomInfoIntent = new Intent(getActivity(), VectorMemberDetailsActivity.class);
                    startRoomInfoIntent.putExtra(VectorMemberDetailsActivity.EXTRA_MEMBER_ID, item.mUserId);

                    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(item.mAvatarUrl)) {
                        startRoomInfoIntent.putExtra(VectorMemberDetailsActivity.EXTRA_MEMBER_AVATAR_URL, item.mAvatarUrl);
                    }

                    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(item.mDisplayName)) {
                        startRoomInfoIntent.putExtra(VectorMemberDetailsActivity.EXTRA_MEMBER_DISPLAY_NAME, item.mDisplayName);
                    }

                    startRoomInfoIntent.putExtra(VectorMemberDetailsActivity.EXTRA_MATRIX_ID, mSession.getCredentials().userId);
                    startActivity(startRoomInfoIntent);
                }

                return true;
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * @return true if the local search is ready to start.
     */
    public boolean isReady() {
        return ContactsManager.getInstance().didPopulateLocalContacts() && mAdapter.isKnownMembersInitialized();
    }

    /**
     * Search a pattern in the room
     *
     * @param pattern                the pattern to search
     * @param onSearchResultListener the result listener
     */
    public void searchPattern(final String pattern, final MatrixMessageListFragment.OnSearchResultListener onSearchResultListener) {
        if (null == mPeopleListView) {
            return;
        }

        // wait that the local contacts are populated
        if (!ContactsManager.getInstance().didPopulateLocalContacts()) {
            mAdapter.reset();
            return;
        }

        ParticipantAdapterItem firstEntry = null;
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(pattern)) {
            // test if the pattern is a valid email or matrix id
            boolean isValid = android.util.Patterns.EMAIL_ADDRESS.matcher(pattern).matches()
                    || MXPatterns.isUserId(pattern);
            firstEntry = new ParticipantAdapterItem(pattern, null, pattern, isValid);
        }

        mAdapter.setSearchedPattern(pattern, firstEntry, new VectorParticipantsAdapter.OnParticipantsSearchListener() {
            @Override
            public void onSearchEnd(final int count) {
                if (!isAdded()) {
                    return;
                }

                mPeopleListView.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        mPeopleListView.setVisibility((count == 0 && !TextUtils.isEmpty(pattern)) ? View.INVISIBLE : View.VISIBLE);
                        onSearchResultListener.onSearchSucceed(count);
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        mSession.getDataHandler().removeListener(mEventsListener);
        ContactsManager.getInstance().removeListener(mContactsListener);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        mSession.getDataHandler().addListener(mEventsListener);
        ContactsManager.getInstance().addListener(mContactsListener);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Whether performing on a track or field with your team-mates, participating in sports can be an exhilarating and rewarding achievement. Many people participate in sport for the love of fitness, a drive to compete, or simply to finish a distance race, anyone who is active in sports strives to care for their body.
Many people seek massage therapy regularly to help them perform their best and reach their personal goals.
Many sports and fitness enthusiasts rely on regular massage as an important part of their health and training routine. This is because an area of chronic tension can impair performance and even lead to injury when stressed. Massage using sports specific techniques can assist with relieving tight and restricted areas preventing the onset of chronic pain and restricted movement.
Massage will relieve stresses that may impair your body alignment and assist in effective muscle and joint function throughout your body.
Click on your Sports Discipline to find out more.
Sports massage for cyclists includes treatment of neck shoulder tightness, hip pain and balancing between hamstrings and quadriceps muscle groups. Regular sports massage keeps you on the bike and aids your recovery, as you increase your kilometres. How do professional cyclists manage to ride the tour: "they have massage every day", have a sports massage treatment from one of our expert massage team who massage from elite cyclists through to casual riders.
Regular sports massage keeps you on the bike and aids your recovery, as you increase your kilometres. How do professional cyclists manage to ride the tour: "they have massage every day", have a sports massage treatment from one of our expert massage team who massage from elite cyclists through to casual riders.
Sports massage for golfers, want to improve that swing unable to move with ease through your stroke, keep your body well tuned and have a regular sports massage to optimise your game of golf.
Sports massage for swimmers whether your preparing for an open water swim, triathlon or a major swim meet, keep your body well tuned and have a regular sports massage to optimise your training and recovery.
Sports massage for triathletes whether your preparing for your first triathlon or competing for the worlds, keep your body well tuned and have a regular sports massage to optimise your training and recovery. Sports massage offers a balance for your body as you train for 3 disciplines swimming riding and running.
Sports massage for basketball players, make sure you keep yourself in tune and reduce time on the bench by having a regular massage through your season.
Sports massage for hockey players, make sure you keep yourself in tune and reduce time on the bench by having a regular massage through your season.
Sports massage for runners whether your preparing for a marathon or a fun run, keep your body well tuned and have a regular sports massage to optimise your training and recovery.
Sports massage for footballers, make sure you keep yourself in tune and reduce time on the bench by having a regular massage through your season.


B efore he retired as the Belmont Education Association president at the end of last school year, Bob Antonellis said that establishing Professional Learning Teams in his district had been a lot of work.
In Belmont, teachers join a PLT each year that is organized by grade level, subject matter or common interest. The school schedule includes dedicated time for teams to work on initiatives to improve teaching and learning in areas of their own choosing.
In May of each year, PLT members present their projects and findings to their colleagues at a conference that resembles a student science fair. The high school field house is set up with tables and poster-board displays around the perimeter of the room, allowing participants to check out each other's work. Breakout sessions are offered, during which a small number of teams present their projects in greater depth.
Teachers approached during last year's conference on May 22 were generally enthusiastic about the experience. Janice Darias, assistant superintendent in charge of Belmont's PLT program, said that in a survey she administers each year after the conference, a high percentage express support for this form of PD.
"The research shows that bringing in somebody for a one-day PD activity is not effective," Darias said. Under the old model, the speaker "may or may not address a particular need of a particular teacher," she said.
teachers should be doing," he said.
a long day in the classroom, he said.
The next year, the district and the BEA negotiated a schedule change. The school day is extended by about 15 minutes four days of the week, but students are dismissed an hour early every Wednesday. That extra hour has proven invaluable for giving teachers time during the workday for PLTs, department meetings, curriculum development and other district priorities.
Darias said that the new schedule is symbolically important.
"It says that the work we do together as colleagues is important work and should be part of the school day, not an extra," she said.
The teachers presenting their projects last May were eager to share their findings with others.
"My overall impression of the use of iPads is that it's a huge success," said team member Jennifer Mathews.
iPads are to be used effectively.
brought us together as a school.
assistant superintendent in charge of the district's PLT program.
going to make — those kinds of things," she said.
choose to read a "real" book or read one on the iPad.


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Zoom H4N - The Best value?
Two Sennheiser G2's in the same range?
Azden SGM1X - too sensitive?


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There are a variety of waterproofing systems available, designed to comply with BS8102 : 2009 The Code of Practice for 'The Protection of Below Ground Structures against Water from the Ground.
We are able to offer advice and provide specifications for structural waterproofing works in order that conversion of a cellar to a dry habitable area can be achieved.
Many older properties can be affected by rising damp and all of our surveyors can determine the source and extent of any dampness issues present.
There are a number of insects, mainly beetles, which are able to use wood as a food source and some of them can cause serious damage to timber within buildings.
The identification of decay or fungal growth within buildings can be undertaken by one of our surveyors , who are all qualified to CSRT standard.
Condensation is particularly common in homes which are poorly heated and poorly insulated and tends to be more common during the colder winter months.


Sales of Anne Arundel County luxury properties priced $1.5 million or more have risen dramatically this spring, with more total homes sold and homes selling more quickly than they did in spring 2015.
Owners seeking to sell such properties must have unique, feature-filled homes or be able to offer a great price, however. Otherwise, heavy competition in the county's luxury home market will easily thwart their efforts to sell.
Year-to-date luxury home sales figures published by Metropolitan Regional Information Systems (MRIS) show that 17 Anne Arundel County luxury homes priced $1.5 million or more sold through May 17 – an increase of 41 percent over the same period last year.
Moreover, these homes sold 20 percent more quickly, on average, than they did last spring. The average number of days on market for the luxury properties sold this year is 161 days, as opposed to 202 days for homes during the same period in spring 2015.
Anne Arundel County's luxury home sellers should do all they can to sell their homes in the first six months they are on the market. After 180 days, MRIS figures show, the chances of finding a buyer for such homes become very remote.
For example, on May 17 there were 109 Anne Arundel County homes for sale priced $1.5 million or more. Of those properties, thirty-eight had been on the market for nine months or more, and twenty-four had been on the market for a year or more.
Through the same period in 2015, 12 luxury homes were sold. Five of those homes had been on the market six months or less.
The main hurdle facing the county's luxury home sellers is the current overabundance of for-sale luxury inventory. At the current absorption rate of 3.75 sales a month, there is a 29-month supply of county homes priced $1.5 million or more.
As of May 17, there were 21 county properties priced $1.5 million or more that were under contract and headed for closing.


The Arts Management program teaches students the executive leadership skills they need to succeed in nonprofit visual and performing arts management.
Anika Kwinana presenting her capstone project to current students, faculty, and area arts leaders. All Arts Management students are required to complete a capstone, which is an opportunity to deepen, expand and demonstrate mastery of one area of arts management. Kwinana's "Beyond a Seat at the Table: Diversity in Arts Organizations before the Arts" was awarded Capstone of the Year for 2018.
The Mason Arts Management Program offers an undergraduate minor, an accelerated master's program in partnership with School of Art, School of Music and School of Theater, an MA in Arts Management and a dual MA in arts management and art history.
The minor in Arts Management is open to all College of Visual and Performing Arts majors, as well as art history majors. Classes cover research, writing, arts marketing, public relations, grant writing, fundraising, critical analysis, and non-profit financial skills. Mason alumni are leaders in nonprofit performing and visual arts organizations.
The College of Visual and Performing Arts offers several options for our undergraduate students to start working on their Master's degree while they're completing their Bachelor's.
The field of visual and performing arts offers many career paths that rely on a strong foundation in one or more art forms and require specific knowledge and skills in administration and management. The minor in arts management is open to all College of Visual and Performing Arts majors, as well as art history majors. All other students must complete 9 credits of arts-related course work to be eligible for this minor.
To declare a minor, please contact Aries Wilson.
Sarah Coffin, an Arts Management graduate student, speaks about her independent study project, "The Empty House Studio" at the Edison Place Gallery in Washington, D.C.
Email us or call us: 703-993-8926. Visit us at Metropolitan Building, Arlington campus, 3434 N. Washington Blvd, Room 5064, Arlington, VA 22201.


Alex Ng and his team at AD Imaging have been fantastic for us. They format and produce all of our training materials and deliver great quality in record time…despite our habitual tight deadlines!
Amit, Fayaz and the team at Axon have been amazing…they chased every last detail of a complicated migration at weekends and late nights and have been a superb resource and partner for us. AXON CONSULTING was established in 2002 and is a fully integrated IT and Website Consulting, IT Soulutions firm with their HQ in Singapore and associate offices in Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam and India.
Larry has been our invaluable eyes and ears on the financial side of things, looking after our accounts at TYC and Issential. Larry is an outstanding accountant, never leaves a stone unturned or an issue unresolved and has given us an extremely solid base to build our business. He also advises us on all our tax and compliance related issues. Glowhub provides business advisory services to SMEs, as well as accounting, corporate secretarial and personal tax services.
Ronald and his team at WorkElves have helped us to bring the right disciplines to all of our bookkeeping processes and facilitated our migration to Xero. Ronald has also provides us with great advice on how to manage the complexities of growing the business and as a certified coach as well, he understands where we are heading. WorkElves specialises in helping clients with back-end operations, combining technology and productivity methods, to create virtual workspaces that enable business owners in Singapore to overcome labour and cost challenges.
Khalid has been the brains behind our website. He has taken our very raw ideas and used his great graphic and web design talents to transform them into this website that we are very proud of! He is incredibly good at what he does, always very patient with us, quick to turn things round and a partner we are very pleased to be working with!


Jordan Thompson's giant-killing run at the ATP Tour's Miami Open has continued with a third-round win over Bulgarian star Grigor Dimitrov.
The world No.77 beat the 24th seed 7-5 7-5 to advance to the last 16, having already dispatched 10th seed Karen Khachanov in the previous round.
Thompson and Dimitrov, who was playing in only his second tournament of the season because of a right shoulder problem, traded breaks in both sets.
But the Sydney native won the important points when they mattered most.
He broke Dimitrov on the 12th game of both sets to seal his best performance at a Masters 1000 event.
The successive wins over Khachanov and Dimitrov mark the first time Thompson has beaten two seeds at any ATP tournament.
The 24-year-old, who has won seven second-tier Challenger titles, is set to rise at least 10 places in the rankings.
Thompson will play big-serving Kevin Anderson for a spot in the quarter-finals after the South African sixth seed conquered Portugal's Joao Sousa 6-4 7-6 (8-6).
Roger Federer was forced to battle early before he overcame Serbia's Filip Krajinovic 7-5 6-3 to reach the fourth round.
Serb Krajinovic broke Federer to jump into an early 2-1 lead in the first set and it looked like an upset could be in the works against the 20-time grand slam champion.
But momentum swung in the fourth-seeded Federer's direction when he blasted a cross-court forehand winner to break Krajinovic's serve to take the closely fought first set.
The 37-year-old Swiss coasted after that thanks to an overpowering serve and finished the match with 14 aces.
Next up for three-time Miami champion Federer is a clash with either American qualifier Reilly Opelka or Russian Daniil Medvedev.


text:
Q: Detecting programmatically whether an app is installed on iPhone I am in this situation where I have to display a button which says "Open myApp" (if myApp is installed on the device) or it says "Download myApp" (if myApp is not installed on the device) in an iphone app. To do this, I need to detect whether an app (with a known custom URL) has been installed on the device. How can I do this? Thanks in advance.

A: To check app is install in device or not
1) In info.plist add LSApplicationQueriesSchemes as below example

2) and in URL Types

3) Now to check app is install or not
- (IBAction)openAppPressed:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSString *urlString = @"XYZAPP://";
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];

    if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:url]) {
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
    }
    else {
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"itunes link for download app"]];
    }
}

A: UPDATED 8th January 2014 - 3 things you can do
I actually had to do this for a client again. They wanted users to be able to open their second app from the main app if it had been installed.
This is my finding. Use the canOpenURL method to check if an app is installed or/and then use the openURL method to

*

*Open the application installed on the iOS device

*Take the user to the app store directly pointing them to the app/your list of developer apps

*Take them to a website instead

All code samples available for each scenario
//Find out if the application has been installed on the iOS device
- (BOOL)isMyAppInstalled {
    return [[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"nameOfMyApp:"]];
}

- (IBAction)openOrDownloadApp {
    //This will return true if the app is installed on the iOS device
    if ([self myAppIsInstalled]){
        //Opens the application
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"nameOfMyApp:"]];
    }
    else { //App is not installed so do one of following:

        //1. Take the user to the apple store so they can download the app
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"itms://itunes.com/apps/nameOfMyApp"]];

        //OR

        //2. Take the user to a list of applications from a developer
        //or company exclude all punctuation and space characters.
        //for example 'Pavan's Apps'
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"itms://itunes.com/apps/PavansApps"]];

        //OR

        //3. Take your users to a website instead, with maybe instructions/information
         [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.pavan.com/WhyTheHellDidTheAppNotOpen_what_now.html"]];

    }
}

Choose one option, I've just spoiled you with choice. Choose one that fits your requirements.
In my case I had to use all three options in different areas of the program.

A: If the URL scheme for your app is "myapp:", then
BOOL myAppInstalled = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"myapp:"]];

(Requires iOS 3.0.)

A: You can add a simple meta tag in the head of any page that needs this app-sniffing.
For more info, go here:
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/PromotingAppswithAppBanners/PromotingAppswithAppBanners.html

A: For those using canOpenURL it is always safe to migrate from this to openURL:options:completionHandler:
NSString *urlString = @"XYZAPP://";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url options:@{} completionHandler:^(BOOL success) {
        if (!success) {
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:appStoreUrl options:@{} completionHandler:nil];
        }
}];

because that doesn't require you to declare the scheme ahead of time.
canOpenURL which is deprecated already has some odd limitations because Twitter used it to detect hundreds of apps long ago.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » Place » Sumatran Tigers Conservation – Programs and Efforts
Sumatran Tigers Conservation – Programs and Efforts
by Corrimited April 7, 2017
The Sumatran Tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a subspecies of tiger that are regarded as the last of its kind to ever existed in Indonesia.
Two of its relatives, the Balinese tiger and the Javan tiger had been lost of any existence trail in the nature upon where they live.
On the other hand, Bali tiger was declared extinct since the 1940s while its relative Java Tiger was declared non existence since the 1980s.
In the late 1970s, the population of Sumatran tigers are believed to range from about 1,000 individuals, then decreased to about 400-500 individuals in the early 1990s.
Indonesia Orangutan
Endangered Animals in Indonesia
Population Decreased
Based on data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (2007), the current estimate of the tiger population in eight areas that had been identified from the existing 18 district only about 250 individual tigers, while in 10 other regions the have not been analyzed yet. But experts believe the population of the Sumatran tiger is no more bigger than the estimate of the 1990s.
See also: Deforestation in Indonesia
Now the world is again reminded of the importance of the role of the King of the Jungle with the International Tiger Day which falls annually on 29 July. This is the fifth year since the International Tiger Day celebration set on November 23, 2010 in St. Petersburg, Russia.
In the St. Petersburg Declaration on Tiger Conservation, they made a mutual agreement that the world will seek to doubly increase the existing wild population in 2022. An important role in the ecosystem for the tiger were clearly stated in the declaration, that this predator is one important indicator of a healthy ecosystem.
Destruction of ecosystems not only resulted in the extinction of tigers, but also the loss of biodiversity. Indonesia is included as one of the countries that signed the Declaration on Tiger Conservation in St. Petersburg, Russia in 2010. In fact, the Ministry of Forestry in 2007 and had made a Conservation Action Plan valid until 2017.
Sumatran tiger has the body relatively small compared to all the sub-species of tiger alive today.
Adult males may have a height up to 60 cm and a length from head to toe reaches 260 cm and weighing up to 160 kg. Tigers has an average length of 199 cm and weighing up to 92 kg. Sumatran tiger has the darkest color of skin among other tigers, its from reddish yellow to dark orange.
Sumatran tigers are on the brink of annihilation due to habitat loss that went uncontrolled, reduced number of prey species, and illegal hunting. A 2008 report released by TRAFFIC – a program of the WWF and the World Conservation agencies, IUCN, for the wildlife trade watchdog – found a flourishing illegal markets and also the open domestic market trade in Sumatran tiger body parts.
In the study TRAFFIC revealed that at least 60 tigers have been hunted each year in the period 1997- 2003. Decisive action taken to stop poaching and illegal trade of tigers must be done in Sumatra.
Sumatran tiger population is only about 500 that are currently living in the segments of mountainous rain forest, lowland forests, and wet lands. Most of this area is threatened by forest burning for agriculture and commercial plantations, as well as encroachment by logging and road construction.
Due to the fact of the loss of their forestry habitat, tigers are bound to enter a location near to people's home and thus are often butchered or taken as pets because they strayed into the rural areas or as a result of accidentally encountering with humans population.
See also: Indonesia Wildlife
Riau Province is home to a third of the entire population of the Sumatran tiger. Unfortunately, although they are already protected by law, the tiger population has declined by 75% in the last 25 years. In 2008, approximately 195 Sumatran tigers left in the wild province of Riau.
Largest Mosque in Indonesia
Most Expensive Universities in Indonesia
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Conservation by Local Government
Although there are action plans and agreements between countries, the reported death of Sumatran tigers continue to flood the media. Including conflicts with farmers in Jambi for the past two years at the expense of 46 tigers, as well as "mismanagement" at the Surabaya Zoo which eventually also make the tigers there to perished.
To determine what should be done in order to save Sumatran tigers from extinction, first we need to update the data and information about the tigers that need to be done, such as:
What is the status and distribution of the latest Sumatran Tiger?
How many current population?
What and how the current threat level?
What has been and can be done for current government stakeholders to save the tigers?
These questions must be answered to make an appropriate action to save the Sumatran tiger. Ensuring the Sumatran tiger population is not easy as it requires specific methods and equipment, including using camera traps. To observe the tiger, camera traps is installed in place of the tiger population habitat.
Tigers live in forest lowland tropical rain area. However, the tiger habitats are disappearing along with the reduced forest area to the entire island of Sumatra due to conversion of forest to oil palm plantations, commercial plantation development, settlements, roads that cut through the forest area and for other purposes. The condition causes the tiger habitat to become fragmented thus causing conflict with people.
Communities Efforts
The government, universities, research institutions, and NGOs, in fact can not remain silent to prevent the extinction of the Sumatran Tiger. Habitat protection and monitoring populations of tigers intensively continued in some pockets of the population that are a priority in Sumatra, especially conservation areas that provide a vital habitat of the Sumatran Tiger
See also Indonesian National Flower
The Tropical Forest Conservation Action for Sumatra, which is a program of collaboration between the Government of Indonesia and the Government of the United States in the conservation of the Tropical Forests in Sumatra is to encourage the strengthening of support and active involvement of the public, government and private sector in order for tigers to remain exist in nature.
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This Foundation along with partners are working in the field to identify at least five important things that must be done to achieve the target of increasing the population of Sumatran tigers, as declared in St. Petersburg, namely:
1) Protection and restoration of the area that serves as an habitat and corridors between habitats; including conducting patrol for forest protection and rehabilitation of degraded area collaboratively by the Government together with the Private and Public sectors.
2) Structuring the habitat location that are more attentive to environmental aspects, including the evaluation of Spatial Planning, Land Use Plan and Local Development Plan.
3) Protection and intensive monitoring of the population, including anti-smuggling patrols done by rangers and community and population monitoring using scientific principles.
4) Handling of Conflicts between tiger and human, for example by strengthening human resources (people and government) in dealing with the conflict, increasing habitat restoration efforts for Tiger, Sumatran tiger translocation of conflict-prone areas to safer areas.
5) Increased public awareness and strengthening the effectiveness of law enforcement.
Conservation by WWF (WorldWide Foundation)
Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is one of six sub-species of tigers that still survive to this day and is included in the classification of critically endangered species. Based on 2004 data, the population of tigers in the wild is only about 400 individuals only. As the primary predator in the food chain, tiger maintain populations of wild prey that is under control, so that the balance between prey and vegetation that they eat can be maintained.
Sumatran tiger face two types of risks to their existence: threatens by the illegal trade in body parts where they are bought and sold at high auction places on the black market for traditional medicine, jewelry, and decorations and they are losing their native breeding grounds due to the high rate of deforestation.
Initiatives by WWF
Indonesian WWF is cooperating with the Indonesian government, including the relevants party that intimidates tiger habitat, local communities and conservationist organizations to keep Sumatran tigers from elimination. Then, there are several activities from WWF to protect Sumatran tigers, such as:
In 2006, the Indonesian government declared a critical region, Tesho Nillo, as a National Conservation Park to provide a better habitat location for the complete existence of this type of Tiger.
In 2011, At the Tiger Summit in South Africa, , Indonesia and 13 other countries that protect tigers committed to a goal of ambitious species conservationist ever made namely TX2. The purpose is to add large number of tigers until the end of 2022, the year of the Tiger next.
See also Indonesian Mythology
Indonesian National Tiger Recovery Program is now part of the global objectives. Then it encompass six Sumatran tiger priority landscape: Ulumasen, Kampar-Kerumutan, Bukit Tigapuluh, Kerinci Seblat, Bukit Balai South Rejang, and Bukit Barisan Selatan.
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WWF is currently initiating fundamentals research on Sumatran tigers in Sumatra, installing hidden camera to tracked wild animals numbers, distribution and habitat to analyze wildlife location in need of protection. WWF also founding groups that work to reduce human-tiger encounter in surrounding area and registering anti-poaching units. WWF Indonesia is proud to be an important part of TX2.
[accordion]
[toggle title="Other Indonesia Facts"]
Indonesian People
Indonesia Jamu
Indonesian Heritage
Dayak Tribe
Indonesian Martial Arts
Indonesian Education System
Indonesian Traditional Transportation
Indonesia Military Power
Indonesian Women Rights
Indonesia Language
Gamelan Facts
Indonesian Landmarks
Bali Tribes
Indonesian Politics
Indonesian Democracy
Indonesian Heroes
Indonesian Lifestyle
[/accordion]
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History of Bandung City – Facts and Development
Tenun: Indonesian Ikat Fabric – Kinds and Art of Weaving Threads
8 Most Iconic & Popular Temple In Bali
9 Bali Most Popular Tourist Destination That Mindblowing...
8 Indonesian Cities With Polluted Air
8 Indonesian Cities with the Cleanest Air from...
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Experience the Beauty from the Darkest Tragedy in...
Take a Note, This is The Best Time...
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5 Breathtaking National Parks in Indonesia You Should...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Houston Astros defeated the LA Dodgers in game 7 of the World Series to cap off an epic victory, winning 5-1 and earning their first ever World Series win. The team immediately dedicated the title to the Hurricane Harvey victims and it's their first title in their 56 year franchise history.
Furthermore, MVP of the series George Springer equalled the all time record of home runs in a World Series, by hitting his 5th HR on Wednesday night, putting him down in the history books for good. Springer also captured 29 total bases, which is the most any player has done in a post season series.
Additionally, this series surpassed the home run record in any World Series of 7 games, with the Astros and Dodgers combining a total of 25 home runs, beating the previous record of 21 home runs set by the Anaheim Angels and San Francisco Giants in 2002.
A parade is now scheduled for Friday in Houston to celebrate the Houston Astros first World Series win, and you can expect big patriotic crowds, which is what sport is really all about: Patriotism. After all, baseball is "America's favorate pastime". You won't see any of these players taking a knee. During the series, Houston Astros players wore "H Strong" (Houston Strong) logos on their jerseys and Houston Astros owner, Jim Crane said, "This one is for Houston back there at home and the region" in commemoration of all the destruction and victims of Hurricane Harvey which hit Houston hard, 3 months ago.
It was George Springer's early home run which gave the Astros an early 5-0 lead, then A.J. Hinch pulled starting pitcher Lance McCullers Jr. after he curve balled and outted his fourth batter in the game, which prompted the coach to bring in a bull pen parade of new pitchers who managed to keep the LA Dodgers from hitting any real comeback, with only one consolation run to speak of.
In their 56th season, the Astros came away as champions with a great team spirit and determination, adding to Texas' other successes in sports, and adding another trophy in the cabinet from MLB, to sit next to the one's they got at the Super Bowl, NHL, NBA and in women's basketball. Carlos Correa, the Houston Astros shortstop proposed to his girlfriend, Daneilla Rodriguez after the World Series win, and she accepted.
Here below, you can see how all the key moments unfolded for the historic Houston Astros victory. Enjoy!
That won the MLB World Series for the Houston Astros. Could the "gods of sports" be telling us something with yet another patriotic team and city winning a major championship? Who knows? After all, the New England Patriots deservedly won last years Super Bowl, so is this some form of modern day sports karma? Again, who knows?
We will just have to wait and see who wins the next Super Bowl in the new year, as well as the NBA finals to really find out and confirm this sort of thing. Should be an interesting phenomenon if it plays out in that way.
The Houston Astros come out as deserved winners overall, after a disappointing final display from the LA Dodgers last night who were outplayed on every ball, strike, and base. One gambler reportedly made $14 million on the series, by predicting the correct winner in all 7 games of the series. That's big win, and no doubt he'll be feeling just as epic as the Astros today.


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Viana Homes Pvt. Ltd. presents to you the first ever gated community with 220 deluxe , MN flats at Tadepalli.
Spacious living area, well-ventilated apartments and beautifully designed landscape gardens radiate microcosm of happy living. Every apartment resonates with practical and urban-style landscape design. Our gated community, vibes-out peaceful environ, with the Krishna river flowing nearby and lush greenery around. With world-class medical facility like Manipal hospital, our community is easily accessible to every facility, close to Guntur-Vijayawada highway.
Your Dream is Our Reality!
We propagate Health and Fitness. For healthy lifestyle, our Poojitha Waterfront comes with well designed un-matched space for Clubhouse. It also holds state-of-the-art Yoga Studio, Gymnasium, Water-pool, Indoor-games enclave & Library that help you will kick-start your day or end in complete relaxation.
For cultural activities, our multipurpose hall is well-equipped. In a modernized metropolitan lifestyle, live your dreams & accomplish your ambitions.
Your Health is Our Wealth!
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Your Concern is Our Passion!
© 2016. VIANA HOMES PRIVATE LIMITED. All Rights Reserved.


Just a short post as still unpacking from the weekend - oh it was amazing, everything we had spent months planning - perfect (well, not quite perfect, no Joe and no dress). Haven't even had a chance to edit the photos yet!
The visits? I think I visited around 450, left comments on about 80%. The other 20%, tbh they didn't 'tick my box' and I don't mean that in a negative way, just a fact. Not everybody likes everything - I'm sure there was plenty of people that landed on my page and swiftly moved on! Found some new blogs that really clicked and now following via blogger - google+ or twitter. Loving the many options.
Visitors. Now I know we don't visit just to get visit back, but that is supposed to be part of it right? Hmmmmmm, enough said.
I did notice a huge decrease in the number of comments the last week - not sure if that was because I was mega stressed and not putting the time in, or whether there's a general apathy towards the end of the month?
On being a minion. TBH it didn't feel a whole lot different as I was visiting and mostly making comments anyway. The only difference was forwarding the info to my master LOL! I checked my allotted numbers every 3-4 days and every single time found some that had stopped or not even started.
Overall I loved taking part. In my last post I apologised for lack of input at the end - will make sure next year I don't plan any major events! If this is your first visit, this post should explain why we were so busy!
That you were a Minion on top of it all impresses me. That was a lot to take on.
There were those who didn't visit or follow back. I think by the last week, people just start getting tired.
Overall, glad you had a good time and that the weekend went of without any major problems!
I'm sorry you didn't get your dress in time and I look forward to seeing the pictures!
I really enjoyed all your posts, though I have to admit, I don't think I actually left a comment (as I follow your blog already so tend to view it through Bloglovin' which doesn't like me commenting from my phone). It was a wonderful theme to pick to share the build up to your day.
It was a very busy Challenge, and your help as an AZTech was more than a little appreciated. It's been a busy time for you, but reading all those posts during the journey has been so much fun for the rest of us. Wishing you a wonderful May and fantabulous summer!
Congrats! Susanne on finishing the challenge and for being a minion. This event has grown so large that it takes a very large team to pull it off.
You managed to do what I had planned but didn't have the chance to do: schedule ahead of time. Thanks for dropping by Life & Faith in Caneyhead during the challenge.


Aries – ruling planet in your 11th house – make use of enhanced personal magnetism to charm a fascinating stranger. You're entering a brand new cycle and can impress others with your originality, daring and flair for dramatic presentations. Advertising and publishing plans can now be unveiled.
Taurus – ruling planet in your 9th house – you become more free and easy, ready to take a chance. Travel or higher education is in the spot light. You'll be eager to learn and a Sagittarian type is ready to tell all. Money-making ideas will be proposed. A new value system becomes very important.
Gemini – ruling planet in your 7th house – you realize it's time to put ideas down on paper, formulate plans and seal agreements. Count on hard work to carry you through. A solid citizen with an excellent reputation gives you the boost you need. Your words will be crisp and effective. The lucky number is 7.
Cancer – Saturn in your your 6th house – nothing happens half-way; be prepared for a special gift, pat on the back and advice from one at the top. Make long-range commitments now about job training and business travel. Your professional status is about to improve. Capricorn and Cancer people are involved.
Leo – ruling planet in your 4th house – the family gathers to celebrate a sentimental occasion. It's a good month to enjoy gourmet food and flowers and to beautify your home. Much of the burden of planning and carrying out an event is on your shoulders. Perform duties with love; Libra will help. Number 6 is a winner.
Virgo – ruling planet in your 4th house – you'll receive the financial help you need for a major purchase. Improvements in your home are likely to be a major concern. Go over plans for beautification, addition of space, or other such projects. The happiness of those you love is involved in today's scenario.
Libra – ruling planet in your 4th house – the accent is on creativity, youngsters and entertainment on a grand scale. Someone in your care can be helped to see his or her true potential. Put aside pettiness and old grudges. You can have greater influence in formulating the future. Aries and Libra people are on the scene.
Scorpio – ruling planet in your 3rd house – a change of routine proves stimulating. Many phone calls, much clever conversation and brief visits adds spice to your month. An exciting development takes place in romance. You'll hear words that could alter your life. Listen to Gemini and Virgo.
Sagittarius – ruling planet in your 10th house – an older person inspires you to start on a new path. Don't dwell merely on dreams and wishes; your imagination may be working overtime. Show compassion to someone confined to a home or hospital. A Pisces plays a key role.
Capricorn – ruling planet in your 12th house – be willing to take a secondary role in research and development of ideas. You need to learn from one with more experience. Follow the rules; keep emotions out of the picture. Your earning capacity can improve from new skills learned. A Cancer friend plays a role.
Aquarius – ruling planet in your 11th house – a partner, mate or associate is testing your willingness to lend a helping hand. Be conscientious; show that no duty is too tedious for you to attempt. You'll be rewarded with greater trust. The situation could be a stepping stone to a richer, fuller future.
Pisces – ruling planet in your 8th house – a relationship heats up. You'll make a serious decision where your future is concerned. Your office will be the scene of a festive celebration. You attract those who can help you in a big prestigious project. A speculative venture is favored. So is number 8.


Prep: 1. Place coconut cream, bowl, and electric mixer beaters in the refrigerator (if you remember, do this up to 24 hours in advance, the longer the better - especially for the coconut cream). 2. Zest and juice limes. Make: 1. Mix a third of the milk with the cornstarch to make a slurry. 2. Heat remaining milk, lime juice, zest, and agave over medium high heat, stirring frequently, until steaming but not quite simmering. 3. Whisk in cornstarch and milk mixture, increase heat slightly and stir constantly until it begins to thicken, 10-15 minutes. 4. Place pudding mixture in the refrigerator to cool completely (placing it in a shallow baking dish will speed up the cooling) 5. When the pudding mixture is totally cool, remove the chilled bowl and beaters from the refrigerator and beat the cold coconut cream until soft peaks form. (If desired, flavor with sugar and vanilla.) 6. Fold the coconut cream into the cooled pudding, pour into individual serving bowls, and return to the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes to set.


I'm not gay, I just really love rainbows. World Rainbow Gathering 2014, Hungary.
One way of keeping others out of your way is to bring a yield sign with you.
Starting on November 3rd 2011, for the next 552 days I was sleeping on an inflatable bed in an empty bedsitter, but had the best view in Belgrade.
PVC inflatable toys, discounted frog princes, available in six different colors.


text:
doink-chan ( doinkies) wrote in aramatheydidnt,
doink-chan
doinkies
Mood: excited
Preview clip of AKB48's "UZA" PV from Mezamashi TV!
Today the Fuji TV morning news show Mezamashi TV aired a clip of the PV for AKB48's upcoming single UZA.
The PV is directed by Joseph Kahn, who also directed the PV of AKB's previous single Gingham Check. This PV puts emphasis on the dancing, and unlike previous AKB48 PVs it will not have any drama scenes.
The UZA single comes out Oct. 31.
Tags: akb48, idols, pv, super kawaii
Hey! Say! JUMP - FOREVER Audio Short Version
source I CAN'T WAIT FOR THEIR NEW ALBUM. THIS SONG IS AMAZING AND I CAN'T WAIT TO SEE THE PV FOR IT. FIERCE HSJ!!
Ryusei Fujii of Johnny's WEST exposed for sexual assault and underage drinking/smoking!? (Bunshun)
Johnny's WEST member Ryusei Fujii (20) reportedly brought a 20-something woman from Osaka into a hotel, demanded her to drink alcohol, and…
Johnny's West's Fujii Ryuusei Faces Allegations of Underaged Drinking and Sexual Violence- BIG EDIT
Johnny's West's Fujii Ryuusei Faces Allegations of Underaged Drinking and Sexual Violence; May Possibly Withdraw from Group It has been reported…


A 4mm blade stock knife of full tang construction and a contoured, positive feel to the handle. The birds head pommel and swelling to the belly of the grip make it an easier knife to control when used for heavier duty work. It's drop point Scandinavian grind blade has a cutting edge that extends almost all the way to the handle scales, giving maximum mechanical advantage when cutting with that part of the blade. The blade is also no longer than the width of the average hand for the same reason. Supplied in a, hand made scabbard that has the option to include a firesteel if you wish, it makes a perfect knife to accompany you on extended back country travels.


This small Queenslander in Holland Park was in desperate need of renovation. The family had a baby on the way and only 2 awkward bedrooms, one of which was not legal height. So a lift and build under was the simplistic solution to double the floor space without extending back into the difficult rear yard.
A new carport also gave protection for 2 cars rather than eating up valuable internal space with a garage. The design of this carport is minimal and modern as to not compete with the existing house or clash with the feature window above. A flat profile clad in the same weatherboard as the rest of the house allows it to blend in seamlessly and has no gap between it and the house as to protect the family completely from weather when heading from car to inside the house.


You need information - but how do you get at it?
As a professional working in today's competitive world, you'll be very aware of the importance of concise and relevant information to the decision-making and planning process. Yet it's surprising how many people still rely on "gut feel" rather than hard fact because they don't have the information they really need.
Most organisations possess large amounts of archive data which contains strategically valuable knowledge. The problem is, how do you get at the bits you're interested in without having to wade through reams of computer printouts; spending hours rekeying data or asking an overworked IT department to commit valuable time and money in producing special reports?
Monarch - simple but effective!
Monarch is a unique and easy-to-use data access and analysis software tool which provides you with a fast, convenient way of exploiting corporate information. Routine tasks which take days, can be finished in hours.
The data most people need is already found in reports. Just download a report file (it doesn't matter how, when or where it was created) and input it into Monarch where it is displayed as live data on your screen. Select the data you want to extract; explore and manipulate it and create your own custom report! No more wading through reams of computer printouts; spending hours rekeying data or asking your IT department to produce special reports.
Monarch can display reports on screen with the same look and feel as hard copy print outs - you can zoom, scroll, page, jump and even turn on a greenbar display. Once you have utilised filter commands to extract pertinent data, you can create custom reports, including charts and graphs, in a variety of formats and send formatted data to your spreadsheet, database and other desktop applications.
Examples of how Monarch can help . . .
A payroll administrator uses Monarch to pull medical insurance data out of payroll reports. Monarch lets the administrator organise the data to create new reports showing total contributions for each employee.
A webmaster uses Monarch to analyse log flies produced on an organisation's web servers, e-mail servers and proxy servers.
Use Monarch to extract data from SAP R/3 sales reports for analysis in Microsoft Excel. Open multiple monthly sales reports in a single Monarch session, analyse the data together (i.e. trending analysis etc.) and export the combined data to Excel as well.
IT managers welcome Monarch because it leverages the corporate investment in legacy systems. Just as important, demand for custom reports will dramatically drop cutting project backlog and freeing up programming resources.
There are over 500,000 people using Monarch throughout the world in organisations large and small, in accounting, manufacturing, healthcare, banking, government agencies and more.


Well Furnir Company, Our Outdoor Rattan Daybed is second to none.
The covered outdoor loveseat provides plenty of space for two and the canopy protects you from the sun. Whether reading a book, daydreaming or spending some quality time with your partner, the canopy daybed is the ideal piece of outdoor furniture to do all that and more. The covered outdoor loveseat quickly converts into a seating set with coffee table when desired. It consists of a 2-piece daybed with a comfortable high density cushion and a coffee table with glass top that can be conveniently stored away under the unit. Let Well Furnir outdoor furniture turn your patio into a backyard oasis.
We are your one source for full series of rattan garden furniture.
I would like to know how much two of these wicker daybeds cost including shipping to Palm Desert CA, USA 92260?
I would like to import. Can you please tell me the price for 5 x above.
We've responsed to your mail. Please check your mail for more quotation.


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text:
import bus from 'bus'
import dom from 'virtual-element'

export const PlayerControls = { name: 'PlayerControls' }

/**
 * Game Status Component
 */
PlayerControls.render = function render ({props}) {
  const {events} = props

  function handleQuit () {
    bus.emit(events.client.quitGame)
  }

  return dom('div', {class: 'PlayerControls'}, [
    dom('button', {class: 'Button', onClick: handleQuit}, 'Leave Game')
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export default PlayerControls


text:
Bolton upon Dearne is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England, in the part of the Dearne Valley through which the River Dearne passes. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is approximately  east of Barnsley,  west of Doncaster and  north of Rotherham.

History

Bolton upon Dearne was an ancient parish. It was recorded in the Domesday Book as part of the Manor of Bolton-upon-Dearne with Goldthorpe which was owned by Roger de Busli.

In the early 18th century Barnsley attorney William Henry Marsden Esquire of Burntwood Hall bought the Manor of Bolton on Dearne with Goldthorpe with over 1,000 acres (4 km2) of land for £10,000. Bolton upon Dearne and Goldthorpe are recorded in the 1761–1767 Inclosure Awards. The Marsden family continued to hold the manor until 1815.

Bolton upon Dearne became part of Doncaster Rural District under the Local Government Act 1894 until 1899, when it became a separate urban district. Bolton upon Dearne Urban District was abolished in 1937 under a County Review Order, becoming part of the large Dearne Urban District, along with Thurnscoe and part of Barnburgh parish. At the 2011 Census the village in the Dearne South Ward of the Barnsley Metropolitan Council had a population of 6,744.

The village is served by Bolton-on-Dearne railway station.

There are three primary schools in the village: Carrfield School, Heather Garth Primary School and Lacewood. The main secondary school in the area is Astrea Academy Dearne, which caters for around 1,200 pupils aged 11 to 16 years.

The Church of St Andrew the Apostle is on the corner of High Street and Angel Street. It was a 10th-century church with alterations made throughout the centuries. There is a Methodist Church on Furlong Road founded in 1832. There was a Roman Catholic church on Station Road, but this closed in the late 1980s, and became an electrical goods shop.

Sport
Two football teams from the village have competed in the FA Cup: Bolton Athletic F.C. and Bolton United F.C.

Notable people
George Unwin, sergeant pilot during the Battle of Britain, later wing commander

See also
Listed buildings in Dearne South

References

External links
The Inclosure Awards of 1761-67 for Bolton on Dearne with Goldthorpe.

Villages in South Yorkshire
Geography of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Un delineante (dibujante técnico o cadista, en algunos países en referencia a las siglas CAD) es un profesional proyectista encargado de la elaboración de planos técnicos utilizados en trabajos de arquitectura o ingeniería.

El trabajo del delineante consiste en elaborar planos que muestren directrices visuales sobre cómo construir un producto o estructura. Estos planos incluyen detalles técnicos y especificar dimensiones, materiales y procedimientos. Los delineantes representan la información gráfica elaborada previamente por ingenieros, topógrafos, arquitectos o científicos mediante dibujos, bocetos, especificaciones y cálculos.

Visión general
Si bien el uso del dibujo técnico en profesiones como la ingeniería o la arquitectura es tan antiguo como estas áreas y es consecuencia natural de su especialización, la elaboración de planos técnicos era asumida por los propios arquitectos o ingenieros, o bien por aprendices de estas profesiones, pero no constituía una profesión en sí misma. La delineación técnica surge como una aplicación de la geometría euclidiana, que en sus inicios y hasta antes de la aparición del diseño asistido por computadora, la metodología BIM o la tecnología XR, se realizaba con ayuda de instrumentos de medición como la regla, la escuadra, el cartabón, el compás, etc., y se trazaban con elementos como el tiralíneas, el estilógrafo, etcétera.

Especialidades
Las principales especialidades del delineante son:
 Delineante aeronáutico: elabora planos de ingeniería con detalles y especificaciones usadas en la elaboración de aviones, misiles y partes relacionadas.
 Delineante de arquitectura: elabora planos arquitectónicos y estructurales de edificios y otras construcciones. Pueden especializarse en tipos de estructuras, como comerciales o residenciales, o en materiales o elementos constructivos específicos, como concreto armado, mampostería, estructuras metálicas, etc.
 Delineante de ingeniería: es el encargado de realizar planos estructurales o topográficos para la construcción de proyectos de ingeniería civil, tales como edificios, puentes, autopistas, ductos, controles de inundaciones o acueductos.
 Delineante eléctrico: es quien realiza esquemas y planos de instalaciones eléctricas usados por quienes levantan, instalan o reparan equipos eléctricos cableado en centros de comunicaciones, plantas eléctricas y sistemas de distribución de energía.
 Delineante electrónico: dibuja diagramas de cableado, circuitos impresos y esquemas usados en la fabricación, instalación y reparación de componentes y aparatos electrónicos
 Delineante de ingeniería mecánica
 Delineante de ingeniería naval
 Delineante de cartografía

El delineante en España

Los primeros estudios de Delineación, se establecieron en tiempos de Felipe II, con la creación en 1583 de la Academia de Matemáticas y Delineación (antecedente de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales) y Juan de Herrera se convierte en su primer director al haber sido delineante en 1562 y conocedor del funcionamiento de diferentes máquinas.

A partir de la segunda década del siglo XX Leonor Ferrer Girabau, primera mujer delineante en España, abrió su propia escuela con el nombre de Academia de delineación para señoritas en Barcelona.

Regulación
La regulación inicial de la profesión de Delineante tiene sus orígenes en la llamada Agrupación Sindical de Delineantes Españoles (en adelante ASDE), dentro del Sindicato Nacional de Actividades Diversas al amparo de la Ley 26, de enero de 1940. El ejercicio de la profesión estaba tutelado por la Organización Sindical que imperaba en la época preconstitucional, regida por el entonces Ministro de Relaciones Sindicales. Todo ello al amparo de Ley Orgánica del Estado de 10 de enero de 1967 y por la Ley Sindical 2/1971, de 16 de febrero. Para el ejercicio regular de la actividad profesional y con el fin de evitar el intrusismo profesional, que por el grado de especialización que el ejercicio de la misma exigía, orientada al servicio de la técnica, se precisaba estar sindicado en la ASDE, estando en posesión o en condiciones de obtener el título profesional de Delineante, expedido por la propia ASDE, en una de las categorías de proyectista, superior de primera o de segunda.

Actualmente la profesión de DELINEANTE es regulada -ejercicio sujeto a normativa legal-, titulada -requiere título oficial para acceso y ejercicio- y colegiada -requiere colegiación obligatoria-  y habilita al DELINEANTE para su ejercicio, debiendo estar en posesión de un título que habilite para ello, dentro la correspondiente Área de Especialidad Profesional, y no debe ser ejercida por otros titulados.

Por tanto, es requisito indispensable para el ejercicio de la profesión Delineante, Diseñador Técnico y Técnico Superior en Proyectos, la incorporación al Colegio Profesional de Delineantes y Diseñadores Técnicos, los cuales están representados por el Consejo General de los Colegios Profesionales de Delineantes de España, en cuyo ámbito tenga establecido el domicilio profesional, único o principal.

Ejercer la profesión de Delineante por quienes no cumplen con el requisito de titulación y colegiación comporta intrusismo profesional, así como a quienes les encubren, amparen o toleren dicha práctica de actividad de intrusismo.

Competencias
Siendo profesionales legalmente capacitados para dirigir y redactar proyectos menores, levantar planos y  realizar diseños técnicos, y para desarrollar unos y otros en los términos preestablecidos y según los datos y condiciones técnicas exigibles. Les corresponde a los Delineantes las siguientes competencias profesionales:

a) Las reconocidas a los Delineantes en las Reglamentaciones de Trabajo, Ordenanzas Laborales y Convenios Colectivos, que se entenderán referidas a las actividades por cuenta ajena, como por cuenta propia.

b) Las asignadas a la profesión de Delineante a las definiciones de la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo, a las establecidas y a las que se establezcan en el futuro.

c) La realización de planos, informes, dictámenes, valoraciones, peritajes y otros trabajos de conformidad con lo previsto en el Real Decreto 3306/1978, siempre y cuando estén comprendidas dentro de la técnica de sus respectivas titulaciones y no sean de competencia exclusiva de otros técnicos de igual o superior nivel.

El delineante ejerce una profesión regulada en España en aplicación del Real Decreto 1837/2008 que incorpora al ordenamiento jurídico español la Directiva 2005/36/CE relativa al reconocimiento de las cualificaciones profesionales que dan acceso al ejercicio de las profesiones o actividades que están sujetas al reconocimiento por las autoridades académicas de los Estados Miembros de la Unión Europea.

El delineante en Europa y profesiones afines
 : Maestro Constructor
 : Graduado en Diseño en Arquitectura o en Diseño de Construcción
 : Constructor o Arquitecto Constructor
 : Técnico de Construcción
 : BTS du Bâtiment
 : Maestro Constructor
 : Geómetra
 : Constructor Civil o Agente Técnico de Arquitectura e Engenharia.
 : Tasador de Edificios
 : Experto en Construcción
 : Diseñador Técnico Constructor
 : Diseñador Técnico.

El delineante en América
En algunos países de América Latina, la profesión del delineante está ampliamente difundida, y suele estar considerada como profesión auxiliar de ramas como la arquitectura o la ingeniería.

Colombia
En Colombia, existe el Consejo Profesional Nacional de Arquitectura y sus Profesiones Auxiliares, que establece las normas técnicas necesarias para los delineantes de arquitectura.

Costa Rica
En Costa Rica, la Asociación de Profesionales en Dibujo de Arquitectura e Ingeniería (APRODAI) alberga dentro de su organización a los dibujantes arquitectónicos y dibujantes técnicos del país.

Puerto Rico
En el Caribe, existe el Colegio de Delineantes de Puerto Rico.

Estados Unidos de América
American Design Drafting Association (ADDA)

Referencias

Ocupaciones
Dibujo técnico


I can only imagine what it might be like to attend New York Fashion Week. In my vivid imagination, I am seated in the front row at the Badgley Mischa Fashion Show, my heart is beating so fast with excitement, it seems to be in sync with the loud music blaring. I am seated next to Anna Wintour on my left and Blake Lively on my right, it's like a chic sandwich, with me right in the middle! The smell of Chanel #5 perforates the air.
The Fall 2016 trends did not disappoint. I don't even care that we haven't made it through Spring or Summer yet! All I can think about is Fall Fashion!
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A recent report by the Mental Health Foundation (MHF) showed that we are a nation teetering on the edge of a mental health disaster.
The report found that just 13% of people report living with high levels of good mental health.
Just imagine if that figure related to our physical health – just imagine if only 13% of people reported living with good physical health?
What a shocking statistic that would be.
But should this statistic about our mental health be any less shocking? Can we really thrive as an individual or a nation with such poor mental health?
People tend to think of people with mental health issues as those on medication to deal with clinical depression, anxiety disorders, bi-polar disorder, personality disorders, eating disorders, or even schizophrenia. These are all very serious conditions that affect many people but they are at the extreme end of the scale.
More commonly, people tend to experience mental health problems as stress and anxiety, depression, insomnia, low mood, low concentration, low motivation, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder, Post Natal Depression, phobias, panic attacks, PTSD, low self esteem and low confidence. A far wider range of symptoms that many people put up with without really considering them a mental health issue.
What is the impact of poor mental health?
Last year the Mental Health Taskforce reported that mental health problems represent the largest single cause of disability in the UK. The cost to the economy is estimated at £105 billion a year – roughly the cost of the entire NHS.
Last year 9.9 million working days were lost to stress related issues alone with a huge impact on businesses. But staff don't have to be off sick for stress to impact their performance because stress leads to poor concentration, low motivation and low confidence.
And the impact on us as individuals is that life often ends up being a constant battle to survive each day. We end up surviving and not thriving.
The MHF report undertaken in March 2017 outlines thriving as "the capacity of each of us to feel, think and act in ways that enhances our ability to enjoy life and deal with the challenges we face." Thriving isn't just the absence of a mental health problem, it's about taking it one step further and working towards fulfilling our true potential.
But can we thrive in such stressful times?
We seem to be dealing with increasing levels of pressure and expectation in our daily lives and life has a habit of throwing just one thing too many at us leading to that overwhelming feeling of "how on earth am I going to cope?". Is it really possible for us as individuals to change all of that external pressure so that we can truly thrive?
Of course not, we can't change what goes on around us. After all, so much of what impacts on our lives is out of our control. But we can increase our ability to cope, we can increase our resilience to stressful situations so that they don't lead to mental health issues.
How can I increase my resilience and really start to thrive?
When we are suffering from stress, anxiety, depression or any other mental health issue it can feel overwhelming. The idea of overcoming the problem can seem like a massive mountain to climb. But the good news is that many of the things that increase our mental wellbeing are simple and easy to do. The key activities highlighted in the MHF report were spending time with family and friends, spending time on hobbies, going out for a walk, making plans, setting goals and getting a good night's sleep. Simple activities that make a huge impact on our mental wellbeing.
But sometimes we can't do this by ourselves, sometimes we need help, and this is where hypnotherapy comes in. At Inspired to Change we help people to understand what is going on in their brain and why they are feeling the way they do, an understanding that gives back a feeling of control. We help them to focus on the small steps they can take to start that journey from surviving to thriving and we help to build their resilience so that they can deal and cope with the day to day stresses of our modern lives.
Read the story of one of our clients journey from surviving to thriving here.
Read our Tops Tips to Thriving here.
If you aren't thriving maybe it's time to book your FREE initial consultation with your local Inspired to Change hypnotherapist. Inspired to Change Hypnotherapists are based across the UK in Peterborough, Northamptonshire, Cambridgeshire, Leicestershire, Devon, Norfolk and Kent.


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How nature mends us: an extract from The Wild Remedy by Emma Mitchell
Emma Mitchell has suffered with depression – or as she calls it, 'the grey slug' – for 25 years. In 2003, she moved to the edge of the Cambridgeshire Fens and began to take walks in the countryside around her home, photographing, collecting and drawing as she went. Each walk lifted her mood, proving to be as medicinal as any talking therapy or pharmaceutical.
By Emma Mitchell
I'm not going to mince my words: I suffer from depression and have done for many years. Some days my brain feels as though it is mired in a dark quicksand of negativity; on others, layers of thick greyish cloud seem to descend, weighing down my thoughts and burgling my motivation.
I know that if I do force myself to get up from the sofa, then the gloom can lift a little, and if I step outside and walk in the wood behind our cottage, the dreich thoughts may not leave entirely but they certainly retreat to the wings.
More on wildlife and wellbeing:
How to enjoy nature and stay positive during the coronavirus pandemic
Books on mental health, mindfulness and connecting with nature
Long Read: Wildlife and mental health: how birdwatching saved my life
News (2019): Do we need a Natural Health Service?
For me, taking a daily walk among plants and trees is as medicinal as any talking cure or pharmaceutical. I know this sounds like an advice leaflet from a Victorian sanatorium, but I have realized how beneficial being in a green place can be, even if it is only for five or ten minutes. Simply getting out of the house and seeing the blackthorns and lime tree opposite our cottage induces a response in me that I can only describe as a neuronal sigh of relief: an unseen, silent reaction in the brain that is simultaneously soothing and curative.
Beech leaves illustration. © Emma Mitchell
Of course, I am not the first to have noticed the consolation of walking outdoors. Literature is peppered with references to striding in the countryside as a means of easing melancholy, inspiring creative thought and hastening recovery. The nineteenth-century Danish philosopher, poet and theologian, Søren Kierkegaard, exalted a daily stroll: 'Every day I walk myself into a state of well- being and walk away from every illness; I have walked myself into my best thoughts, and I know of no thought so burdensome that one cannot walk away from it.'
Unfinished sketch of Søren Kierkegaard by his cousin Niels Christian Kierkegaard, c. 1840. © The Royal Library, Denmark, via Flickr
Elizabeth von Arnim wrote one of my favourite novels, The Enchanted April, in the 1920s, and her feelings on walking through the countryside echo my own: 'If you go to a place on anything but your own feet you are taken there too fast, and miss a thousand delicate joys that were waiting for you by the wayside.'
Monument of Elizabeth von Arnim in Buk, Poland. © via Wikimedia, Hoa binh / CC BY-SA
When I walk the half-mile or so from our front door to the entrance of the village wood, follow the mown paths that trail between the trees, seek out the yellow-striped grove snail shells part-hidden in the chalky soil and catch sight of a muntjac deer as it scampers away, the mental relief I felt at seeing that lime tree opposite our cottage is multiplied many-fold.
I become engrossed in every leafy, creeping or flying inhabitant of the wood, and with each detail that draws my attention, with each metre I walk, the incessant clamour of daily concerns seems to become more muffled and the foggy pall of depression begins to disperse.
7-spot ladybird illustration. © Emma Mitchell
What are the biochemical mechanisms by which wild places alleviate depression and improve health in humans?
Further research is beginning to provide tangible clues. Many plant species produce volatile compounds and oils, collectively known as phytoncides, in order to fight infection from viruses and bacteria. Studies from the academic groups that examined the Shinrin-yoku, or 'forest bathing', phenomenon have shown that inhalation of phytoncides triggers some of the same effects on our immune, endocrine (hormonal), circulatory and nervous systems.
These oils do not have to be highly scented to have an effect on our bodies and most aren't. The fresh 'green' smell of a hedgerow in May is a combination of phytoncides from many different plants. We inhale them without realizing it when we spend time in a wild place.
Wood anemones. © Emma Mitchell
We see further clues when we interrogate serotonin levels. Serotonin is a compound that carries signals between nerve cells in our brain, and the levels of this neurotransmitter are diminished in depressed patients. It is not yet clear whether this shift in serotonin is a cause of low mood or one of its effects, and there are certainly other mechanisms in the brain that are involved in the regulation of mood, but there does seem to be a link between serotonin and mood in humans, and interacting with the natural world has been shown to influence serotonin levels.
Indeed, just being outside can make a difference: when sunlight hits the skin or the eye's retina it triggers the release of serotonin, and on brighter days higher levels are released. It is the lower levels of sunshine between November and March that leads to winter depression or Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) in some individuals. I am prone to this form of transient seasonal sadness and it can make the winter months especially challenging.
Wren illustration. © Emma Mitchell
Another, more surprising, way in which interacting with the natural world influences our serotonin levels comes from the soil. When humans come into contact with benign soil bacteria such as Mycobacterium vaccae, proteins from its cell wall trigger a further release of serotonin from a specific group of nerve cells in our brains. So it seems that a bit of weeding can be good for more than just your herbaceous borders.
Finally, when we take some light exercise, such as walking, endorphins are released into the bloodstream. These are neurotransmitters that diminish the sensation of pain and induce a mild euphoria: a gentle, natural high. Combine these with the effects of light from the sun, compounds from the plants and benevolent bacteria from the soil, and it seems that walking in a garden, field or wood is like reaching into an invisible natural medicine cabinet.
Blackberries illustration. © Emma Mitchell
The science is still progressing, and there is clearly much more to discover, but I'm fascinated by the idea that the balance of the chemistry of my brain, and my hormonal and nervous systems, are changing as I linger among trees and plants and that this can impact the tone of my thoughts and my mental health. I have felt the curative effects of my surroundings as I walk in a wild place innumerable times, and it is reassuring to know that there is something I can do to help myself on dark days.
This is an edited extract from The Wild Remedy by Emma Mitchell, published by Michael O'Mara Books.
Main image: Scabious at the edge of a field. © Emma Mitchell
Naturalist and author
Wildlife and mental health: how birdwatching saved my life
When is Mindful Escapes: Breathe, Release, Restore on TV?


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text:
An E Ink Monitor Promises to Make Your Work Day Spent Staring at a Screen Easier on Your Eyes
Photo: Waveshare
Even with tablets featuring full-color high-res LCD screens available for less than $100, ereaders, with their black and white electronic paper displays, are more popular than ever because they're as easy on the eyes as real printed paper. So if you stare at a computer all day, maybe it's time to consider an E Ink monitor for at least one of your displays.
That's how the Waveshare EINK-DISP-103 is designed to be used: as a 10.3-inch desktop display that forgoes LCD or OLED technologies for a black and white (16 shades of gray) E Ink display with a resolution of 1872 x 1404 pixels. It's larger than the screens used on the Amazon Kindles and most other ebook readers, but it's definitely not the largest E Ink screen you can get in a device; Sony's DPT-RP1 Digital Paper tablet boasts an electronic paper display measuring 13.3-inches in size.
The E Ink monitor doesn't include touchscreen functionality, but on the side and on its bezel are a collection of small buttons that can be used for adjusting contrast, forcing a full-screen refresh to get rid of artifacts, and switching between display modes. Unlike an ebook reader it's also lacking its own processor or operating system, so it won't do anything until you pass it a signal from another device through its mini HDMI port. The display doesn't even have a backlight or any kind of self-illumination, so if you're working through the night, you'll need to keep the lights on or a lamp nearby.
Example of the monitor's display modes.
One of the drawbacks to E Ink technology has traditionally been its slow refresh rates, which isn't a dealbreaker when simply flipping through the pages of a book, but can be problematic when trying to use the displays as a computer screen. To help improve its performance, the EINK-DISP-103 can switch between three display modes: GC16 which produces the best imagery at the slowest refresh rates, A2 which reduces resolution and grayscale depth for faster screen refreshes, and then A2+ which is a hybrid of both. It's doubtful you'll ever want to try watching YouTube or Netflix movies on this display, but for other daily tasks, like monitoring social media or writing emails, it sounds like it could be a nice backup for your main LCD screen.
What will hamper the adoption of E Ink screens like this isn't the lack of color or the limited refresh rates, it's the price. Waveshare is asking a hefty $540 for this display, which is especially pricey given Sony uses the exact same 10.3-inch E Ink display in its DPT-CP1 Digital Paper tablet which it sells for just $400, but manages to also include stylus functionality, wifi, and a self-contained OS. But the EINK-DISP-103 is a great idea, so here's to hoping someone can make a clone that brings the price down to something a little more reasonable.
ninjagin
Nobody's going back to monochrome. Nooo-body!


text:
Young girl brought to tears by racist remarks made on train
British Transport Police have released CCTV
Nicholas FletcherReporter
Officers believe the man pictured may be able to help their investigation
A young girl was brought to tears on a train travelling though Lincolnshire after she was racially abused by another passenger.
British Transport Police (BTP) have released CCTV after two families were subjected to a verbal assault by a man who boarded a train at Stevenage before getting off in Grantham.
The man sat down next to the families before making racist remarks shortly after he got on the train at 8.52pm on Thursday, August 24.
How you can get £1,000 by helping the police solve crime
It happened on a train which was running from Kings Cross London to Leeds.
Officers would like to speak to the man pictured as they believe he may be able to help them with their investigation into the incident.
If you recognise him, call BTP on 0800 40 50 40 or text 61016, quoting reference 608-220817.


In the European geologic time scale the Mississippian or Pennsylvanian are not recognized as a geologic periods, but in this country we separate these rocks because they have such distinctive records. The Mississippian is known for its Carbonates and the Pennsylvanian for its Coal deposits.
In the Mid-Atlantic, the Mississippian is divided into three portions: a lower portion dominated by clastics (the Pocono, Stage J), a middle Carbonate portion, the Greenbriar group, and a top portion, the Mauch Chunk.
The Pocono is found in the Valley and Ridge, but the Greenbriar Carbonates and Mauch Chunk clastics are only exposed in the Allegheny Plateau and west. The picture at right is of a quarry along Route 33 at the east entrance to Canaan Valley, West Virginia. Below are the resistant Greenbriar Carbonates (reddish), and above them Shales of the Mauch Chunk (brownish), the beginning of the Alleghenian orogeny.
The picture to the right is an outcrop of the Greenbriar along Route 33 east of Elkins West Virginia. (located just about at the eastern end of the four-lane portion of the highway.) Further outcrops are found west down the highway. Notice here that there are some interbedded red Shales (the Taggert), typical of the Greenbriar but up close you could see mega-crossbedded (six plus feet high) oolitic and fossiliferous Carbonate sands.
Good exposures of the Greenbriar are also found along I-64 west of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. These include not only off shore Limestones but also tidal flat Carbonates. An alert traveler will see through this country the numerous sinkholes dissolved into the Carbonates, surface expressions of the caverns also in the region.
Virginia has virtually no record of these Carbonates. It is possible that a good record existed east of the Allegheny front and it has been since eroded, but more likely it never really got this far east, being kept at bay by the land built out by the prograding clastic wedge of the Acadian orogeny. Carbonates have been around for a long time, and we have encountered them in Stage E (tidal Limestones and Dolomites), Stage G (fossil rich Limestones), and Stage I (tidal, again, and fossiliferous Limestones, again). But Carbonates have also evolved through time. We cannot explore this evolution here, but by the Mississippian, Carbonate deposition takes a unique turn in world history before it changes into something different again.
The Mississippian is a period of transition. The transition is both biological and geological and gives the Mississippian a unique character. From a biological perspective the end of the Devonian brought about the second of the five major extinctions. Notice in the Graph the sharp drop in number of fossil families under the arrow labeled "2". Some groups that were common in the past were completely wiped out, while others were severely cut back in number and diversity, never to recover. The Mississippian is the period during which life in general recovers and branches out in new directions. Diversity and abundance are not the same thing, however. It is possible for a group to have many species, but each species has only a few living forms. Very successful groups tend to be both diverse and abundant, and to evolve rapidly. Several Mississippian groups are especially good at the diversity/abundance combination, including echinoderms (crinoids and blastoids), and lacy bryozoans. These groups existed in large numbers in the Mississippian and dominated the fossil record, at least for a time.
From a geological perspective, the Mississippi underwent two major orogenies; at the beginning of the period was the Acadian orogeny and the end of the period was the beginning of the Alleghanian orogeny.
In Virginia and West Virginia the most characteristic Mississippian rocks are in the Greenbriar Formation. The Greenbriar Formation indicates a very warm, shallow, clear, highly agitated sea with an abundance of invertebrate life. Important sediments include Oolites, and coarse crystalline Limestones composed almost completely of crinoidal fossil fragments.
Oolites are tiny spheres of Calcite that look like miniature pearls. The right picture is of the same quarry as the top picture, only here the large block of Limestone in the foreground is almost all Oolites, with a few fossils scattered in. Blocks and pieces like this can be found throughout the quarry, and along Route 33 down the hill where the rest of the Greenbriar is exposed. Oolites form only in very warm, clear shallow water that is highly agitated by waves or tidal currents. The Oolites form in large underwater dunes that continuously shift about on the sea floor. Oolites, while forming, act like individual sand grains but in the Greenbriar are cemented together as a rock.
Other Limestones are made mostly of crinoid fragments, with lacy bryozoans and other fossils mixed in, and are called encrinoidal Limestones. The number of individual crinoid animals required to form some of these Beds is unimaginable. For one Formation in Kentucky it has been estimated 28 x1016 (280,000,000,000,000,000) individual crinoids were required. Among all these crinoids were corals, blastoids, and brachiopods. White Carbonate beach sands and tidal flat deposits were present in eastern outcrops indicating the presence of Shorelines, but how far east into Virginia the shore came is unknown.
No other geologic record exists of what the rest of Virginia was like during deposition of the Greenbriar. It must of had some relief at times since clastics occasionally enter the Greenbriar sea. Yet for the most part Virginia was, again, at the end of the Acadian orogeny, a peneplain, from near its western boundary all the way east to Richmond, and beyond that the Rheic Ocean. At this time the supercontinent Gondwana was closing fast.
These shallow water Carbonates, Oolites and encrinites, are not just found in the Mid-Atlantic region, but were deposited across most of North America during this time, all the way out to the southeast and up through Nevada. The vast extent of these clear water environmental conditions is in sharp contrast to the earlier Chattanooga Shale deposited during the Devonian Acadian orogeny when the epicontinental seas were under the influence of very stagnant conditions across most of the continent.
To the northeast, away from the Craton, Mississippian Carbonates become more and more scarce, and disappear. Instead, clastics prevail almost without interruption from the end of the Acadian to the beginning of the next orogeny. In fact, it is likely that these two orogenies in the northeast run overlap in time. The implication is that no sooner had the Avalon terrane collided, built a mountain range and then mostly eroded, than the supercontinent Gondwana began its collision to start the next orogeny, an event to profoundly rearrange the geologic record of the Mid-Atlantic, the Alleghenian orogeny.