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Pest control procedures manual
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John Page
1 Pest control procedures manual Rodents May 2009
2 Contents Introduction Mice within dwellings Method of treatment First visit Infestation not present Uncertain conclusion Infestation confirmed If premises are free from excessive alternative food sources Decide on method of treatment Second or subsequent visits If baits have been taken Baits not taken but other signs of infestation present Completion Block Treatments First visit Infestation not present Uncertain conclusion Infestation confirmed If premises are free from excessive alternative food sources Decide on method of treatment Second or subsequent visits If baits have been taken Baits not taken but other signs of infestation present Completion Rats within dwellings Method of treatment First visit Infestation not present Uncertain conclusion Live rat in property Options to consider Catch and kill Trapping Poison baits Infestation confirmed If premises are free from excessive alternative food sources Decide on method of treatment Second or subsequent visits If baits have been taken Baits not taken but other signs of infestation present Completion Block treatments First visit Infestation not present Uncertain conclusion Infestation confirmed If premises are free from excessive alternative food sources Decide on method of treatment Second or subsequent visits If baits have been taken Baits not taken but other signs of infestation present Completion Rats on open land Environmental assessments What and where the rodent problems are? Protected species that may be present in or near the treatment site What alternative environmental measures would be appropriate? What is the risk to non-target species that have been identified? What is the treatment designed to achieve and how will success be measured? What is expected from the client? What follow up measures are required? First visit Second or subsequent visits Completion Rat treatment in privately owned drains and sewers Introduction Health and Safety Initial Survey Control Completion Disposal of rodenticides and rodent bodies Legal background Methodology: excess, out of date, obsolete unusable stock Methodology: rodent bodies Storage of rodenticides Useful addresses
3 Introduction The control of rats and mice presents a daily challenge to the pest control industry, as public and private sector technicians alike must provide an effective service whilst being able to meet ever increasing safety controls and customer expectations. The need for safe, effective and efficient treatments is paramount and this manual aims to provide the standard by which such treatments should be completed. This manual is therefore intentionally prescriptive, but it does not intend to dictate the methods by which pest control technicians organise their work if the same level of service and safety is achieved - for example, the use of computerised records or ISO accredited quality systems. It is hoped that by clearly stating the minimum requirements that a pest control technician should take into account when conducting any rodent treatment, consistent standards can be achieved throughout the industry that will allow it to develop and improve for the future. 3
4 1.0 Mice - within dwellings An infestation of mice can develop very quickly both vertically and horizontally in a building due to their ability to move through very small spaces and holes in a constant search for food and shelter. Mice are recognised as potential carriers of many diseases presenting a risk to human health, as well as causing damage to property and stock. 1.1 Method of treatment First visit Confirm the existence of any infestation/ activity by completing a full site survey of the whole premises and identify signs of current mice activity fresh droppings, footprints, gnawing, smear marks, odour, damage to food cartons etc. Sufficient details must be taken to ensure accurate records can be made, noting the areas where evidence of an infestation/ activity has been found and possible entry points. Based on the evidence from the survey, confirm the distribution of any infestation/ activity and record the details. Details of contributory factors should also be recorded, including damage to structure, poor house keeping or poor standards of hygiene. Advise the occupier of health risks due to mice being present (food contamination etc.) Infestation not present Explain to the occupier that there is no evidence of an infestation/activity and reassure the occupier that a revisit can be arranged if any complaint reoccurs. As a minimum, the following details must (v) (vi) Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed (taking account of accessibility of areas, for example designated confined spaces) The result of the survey confirming that an infestation/activity was not identified Any other information that may be of relevance (standard of hygiene, proofing, activity in adjacent properties etc) Close down the job making such comments on the job sheet or electronic record Uncertain conclusion If there is no evidence of any infestation/ activity and either the occupier will not accept the situation, or there are reasons to believe that there may be mice (entering from an adjoining property), then lay strategically placed non-toxic baits. Occupiers must be shown the locations of the non-toxic baits and informed that children and pets are not allowed access to these baits. Note: it is recommended that the occupier be advised of the difference between an infestation (breeding population) and a casual intruder (one off occurrence). Provide information and advice to the occupier on improving standards of hygiene, housekeeping and proofing requirements. 4 Inform the occupier that a revisit will be made within two to three weeks.
5 (v) (vi) (vii) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed The evidence of infestation/activity, including any contributory factors The reasons for non-treatment Any other information that may be of relevance Report circumstances to relevant supervisor/ manager. Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed (v) The evidence of potential infestation/ activity (vi) The location, amount and type of non-toxic bait used (including suitable diagram) (vii) Any other information that may be of relevance Infestation confirmed Evaluate hygiene/housekeeping and proofing standards and identify alternative food sources and waste retention areas. Where significant quantities of food are open and available to rodents no treatment should be commenced. Occupiers should be informed that a further appointment could be made as soon as the standards of hygiene and housekeeping have been improved. Tact and diplomacy are required to explain that rodents will not take toxic baits if other food sources are readily available. If necessary, show the occupier examples of poor practice (for example, presence of cat/dog food as a potential source of attraction for mice). However, this approach may not always be required where the pest control technician assesses the risk from alternative food sources to be minimal and the occupier s cooperation has been obtained. Where necessary, adherence to appropriate health and safety procedures must be ensured to avoid potentially aggressive confrontations. Notes will need to be comprehensive in describing reasons for the non-treatment and explanations provided. Consideration of the need for enforcement action is required if conditions do not improve sufficiently to permit an effective treatment. Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) If premises are free from excessive alternative food sources Identify any likely entry points including: Gaps under external doors Gaps around water, drainage, gas or electricity services Damaged air vents Any other points that allow access from the exterior to the interior of the building The pest control technician shall adopt a risk based approach, based on the information gathered on-site, as to whether any openings or gaps within the property should be sealed before or at the end of a treatment programme. Accordingly, bring all defects to the attention of the occupier and ask for remedial works to be carried out. Explain to the occupier the works that are required to be carried out to exclude mice from the property. If the local authority or other client organisation manages the property, written details of any recommendations for proofing or repair must be provided to the appropriate office for action. All advice on proofing is to be provided by the pest control technician or supervisor Decide on method of treatment If an existing treatment is, or has been carried out, in the premises by another pest control company, the pest control technician will not commence any treatment until the occupier gives firm assurance that the other contract has been terminated and all baits previously laid are removed or authority is given for their removal. Before any treatment is applied a full written on-site risk assessment must be carried out to provide the correct health and safety information. As a minimum, the risk assessment should take into account the presence of young children, pets and elderly/ infirmed individuals. Based upon the on-site risk assessment, the pest control technician may consider the use of traps, which should be located accordingly. Traps can be baited using fruit, vegetables, chocolate or other suitable foodstuff obtained from the occupier and placed safely on the trap. The implications of the use of traps 5
6 should be explained to the occupier and arrangements made to call the next day to inspect the trap, or request the occupier to notify immediately if it is noticed that a mouse is caught on the trap. Bait preparations, which are known to work in the area, should be used as a matter of routine. The experience of the pest control technician is fundamental in determining which baits should be used. The placement of many small baits will be preferred to a few large baits. Bait stations may be placed in close proximity to each other to good effect. Sufficient quantities of bait should be placed so as to ensure that sufficient bait remains until the next scheduled visit (based upon the manufacturer s label requirements). Not more than one type of rodenticide bait (where the active ingredient is taken as the defining pesticide type) should be laid in any premises at any time; however formulations can be varied depending upon the characteristics of the site. Baits must be laid in accordance with manufacturer s label requirements and will always be protected from ready access by children and pets, using lockable stations if appropriate. Explain the nature of the treatment and any specific safety requirements to the occupier. Occupiers must be shown the locations of the baits and informed that children and pets are not allowed access to these baits. Provide an appropriately annotated (safety data sheet) advice sheet to the occupier highlighting the premises address, the date, what product has been used and what action to take in cases of an emergency including contact telephone number. Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed (v) The evidence of infestation/activity, including any contributory factors (vi) Relevant site information including the presence of young children, pets and elderly infirmed people (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used (including suitable diagram) (viii) Any other information that may be of relevance Estimate timing of the next visit and inform the occupier accordingly. This will generally be within seven days dependent upon the level of activity and manufacturer s label requirements. Identify any adjacent premises either immediately above or below or immediately to either side which may be at risk of infestation. Where possible, contact and survey at risk premises horizontally and vertically adjacent immediately, including any common parts. If this is not possible due to time or other constraints record details of property numbers, street or block to identify them for future survey and treatment as necessary Second or subsequent visits Carry out a survey of the whole premises for evidence of mouse activity and make a suitable record. Confirm infestation/activity by visual examination of all baiting points and any other evidence such as mouse droppings, mouse urine stains or gnaw/teeth marks/ chewing on packaging and foodstuffs. Observe the amount of takes of the rodenticide and make a suitable record, for example. N/T - No Take, P/T - Part Take and C/T - Complete Take. Re-evaluate hygiene and housekeeping standards within the premises. Re-examine previously identified means of mouse access to the property to confirm whether proofing works have been carried out. If substantial changes have occurred that could affect the safety and/or success of the treatment, a new on-site risk assessment should be completed. Additionally, if a different pest control technician attends the premises, a record must be kept as to whether the pest control technician agrees with the existing on-site risk assessment. Where the pest control technician disagrees with the assessment, a new on-site risk assessment must be completed and any discrepancies reported to the supervisor/manager If baits have been taken Replenish baiting points as appropriate, however block baits can be rotated or loose bait evened out to provide a fresh surface for the next visit. Lay additional baiting stations as indicated by any new signs of activity. Where possible, old bait stations should be reused in order to increase the opportunity of mice using the bait station through the smell of other mice. A record must be kept of all rodenticide used when replenishing baiting points or providing additional bait stations. Sufficient quantities of bait should be placed so as to ensure that there is bait remaining at the time of the next visit. Where bait 6
7 consumption is high, it will be necessary to increase the frequency of visits to ensure that this is achieved. (If infestation is due to field mice rather than house mice, baits may be hoarded rather than eaten.) Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Any changes in the premises that could affect the safety or success of the treatment (completing a new on-site risk assessment if necessary) (v) The evidence that the infestation/ activity still exists (vi) The number of takes observed and the amount of new rodenticide used (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used for any new bait stations (including amendments to the baiting diagram) (viii) The nature of any proofing works carried out or still outstanding (ix) Any other information that may be of relevance Explain nature of treatment, hygiene/ housekeeping requirements and any safety requirements to the occupier. Estimate timing of the next visit and inform the occupier accordingly. This will generally be within seven days dependent upon the level of activity and manufacturer s label requirements Baits not taken but other signs of infestation present On first and second revisits, inspect and refresh baits (where necessary) and note any findings to prove the presence of mice. The pest control technician must be certain that no evidence of activity is present in any part of the property After the second revisit using a single bait type, where no bait takes have been observed, the pest control technician should remove all baits from the premises and re-bait using an alternative preparation using the same pattern as above. Examine bait placement points and re-evaluate their efficacy. (Relatively small distances can alter the level of bait takes from a baiting point.) Record the changes to the baiting regime on each occasion. Issue a new rodenticide safety data sheet/advice sheet to the occupier and update the on-site risk assessment. Ensure that horizontally and vertically adjacent premises have been identified for a survey. Continue substituting alternative formulations using the same method above until an acceptable alternative is found and baits are taken. More than one type of toxic bait must not be used in any premises at the same time (where the active ingredient is taken as the defining pesticide type, however formulations can be varied depending upon the characteristics of the site) except by prior approval of an appropriate senior pest control technician. Where all bait preparations have been tried and no takes are recorded, the matter must be referred to an appropriate senior pest control technician for consideration of alternative control methods. Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Any changes in the premises that could affect the safety or success of the treatment (completing a new on-site risk assessment if necessary) (v) The evidence that the infestation/ activity still exists (vi) The number of takes observed and the amount of new rodenticide used (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used for any new bait stations (including amendments to the baiting diagram) (viii) The nature of any proofing works carried out or still outstanding (ix) Any other information that may be of relevance Having provided the owner suitable opportunity to remedy the defects, and if the remedial work remains uncompleted, local authorities have the power to serve a legal notice on the owner to ensure that the appropriate repairs are completed as soon as possible. The tenure of the property has implications for these responsibilities, particularly as proofing works may not be the responsibility of the individual occupier Completion When all bait takes cease completely and no further signs of infestation/activity are noted remove all accessible bait and bait materials from the premises and return to the depot for authorised disposal. All rodent bodies and redundant rodenticide should only be disposed of as detailed in Section 5.0, pg 28. Explain the situation to the occupier and restate any outstanding preventative works, proofing or hygiene/housekeeping issues that require attention. 7
8 Close down the job and maintain suitable permanent record of all notes, on-site risk assessments, bait location records, copy letters and other relevant documents. 1.2 Block treatments First visit If request for service centres on a single dwelling within a larger block of dwellings (for example, flats or terraced housing) confirm the existence of any infestation/activity in initial dwelling by completing a full survey of the whole premises and identify signs of current mouse activity fresh droppings, footprints, gnawing, smear marks, odour, damage to food cartons etc. Sufficient details must be taken to ensure accurate records can be made, noting the areas where evidence of an infestation/activity has been confirmed. Care should be taken to examine all areas of the property including communal halls, lofts, bins stores, garages etc. In addition, the external of the property as a whole should be examined to obtain any evidence of activity outlined above. Based on the evidence from the survey confirm the distribution of any infestation/activity and record the details. Details of contributory factors should also be recorded, including damage to structure, poor house keeping or poor standards of hygiene. Advise the occupier(s) of health risks due to mice being present (food contamination etc). The pest control technician must consider the property as a whole, and not individual dwellings, when making any assessment. Depending upon the size and nature of the property and the extent of any infestation/ activity, consideration should be given to obtaining senior pest control technician involvement as a number of agencies may need to be involved in the treatment to secure control from the outset. Such agencies may include environmental health officers, housing officers or representatives of any other client organisation who manages the property and representatives of the occupants of the property Infestation not present The pest control technician must be certain that no evidence of activity is present in any part of the property. Where conclusions are uncertain, follow the advice given in the next section. Explain to the occupiers that there is no evidence of an infestation/activity and reassure the occupiers that a revisit can be arranged if any complaint reoccurs. As a minimum, the following details must be recorded: Details of each individual dwelling within the property (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Details of all areas surveyed (vii) The result of the survey confirming that an infestation/activity was not identified (viii) Any other information that may be of relevance Close down the job making such comments on the job sheet or electronic record Uncertain conclusion Ensure all dwellings and communal areas outlined above have been surveyed including those that adjoin the original source of the complaint to identify any signs of activity. If there is no evidence of any infestation/ activity and either the occupier(s) will not accept the situation, or there are reasons to believe that there may be mice (entering from an adjoining dwelling or other area), then lay strategically placed non-toxic baits and/ or tracking board/dust plates. Occupiers must be shown the locations of the non-toxic baits/ tracking plates and informed that children and pets are not allowed access to these baits. Note: it is recommended that the occupier(s) be advised of the difference between an infestation (breeding population) and a casual intruder (one off occurrence). Provide information and advice to the occupiers on improving standards of hygiene, housekeeping and proofing requirements. If no signs of activity are found, inform all occupiers that a revisit will be made within two to three weeks as a precaution. (v) (vi) (vii) Details of each individual dwelling within the property (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Details of all areas surveyed (including any dwellings where access was denied) The evidence of potential infestation /activity The location, amount and type of non-toxic bait used (including suitable diagram) Any other information that may be of relevance Infestation confirmed Evaluate hygiene/housekeeping and proofing standards and identify alternative food sources and waste retention areas. Where significant quantities of food are open and available to rodents no treatment should be commenced. Occupiers should be informed that a further appointment could be made as soon as the standards of hygiene and housekeeping have been improved. Tact and diplomacy are required to explain that rodents will not take toxic baits if other food sources are readily available. If necessary, show the occupier examples of poor practice (for example, presence of cat/dog food as a potential source of attraction for mice). 8
9 However, this approach may not always be required where the pest control technician assesses the risk from alternative food sources to be minimal and the occupier s cooperation has been obtained. Where necessary, adherence to appropriate health and safety procedures must be ensured to avoid potentially aggressive confrontations. Notes will need to be comprehensive in describing reasons for the non-treatment and explanations provided. Consideration of the need for enforcement action is required if conditions do not improve sufficiently to permit an effective treatment for the entire block of dwellings. Therefore a coordinated approach of treatment and enforcement is required. works that are required to be carried out to exclude mice from the property. If the local authority or other client organisation manages the property, written details of any recommendations for proofing or repair must be provided to the appropriate office for action. All advice on proofing is to be provided by the pest control technician or supervisor Decide on method of treatment If an existing treatment is, or has been carried (v) (vi) (vii) Details of each individual dwelling and/ or common parts (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Details of all areas surveyed The evidence of potential infestation/ activity The location, amount and type of non-toxic bait used (including suitable diagram) Any other information that may be of relevance Report circumstances to relevant supervisor/ manager If premises are free from excessive alternative food sources The pest control technician must consider the property as a whole, and not individual dwellings when formulating the treatment strategy. Identify any likely entry points including: Gaps under external doors Gaps around water, drainage, gas or electricity services Damaged air vents Any other points that allow access from the exterior to the interior of the building The pest control technician shall adopt a risk based approach, based on the information gathered on-site, as to whether any openings or gaps within the property should be sealed before or at the end of a treatment programme. Dependent upon the size and nature of the property, significant detailed notes (including photography) will be required, and consideration should be given to allocating sufficient resources to implement the treatment strategy. Accordingly, bring all defects to the attention of the occupier and ask for remedial works to be carried out. Explain to the occupier the out, in any part of the premises by another pest control company, the pest control technician will not commence any treatment until the individual occupier and/or landlord gives firm assurance that the other contract has been terminated and all baits previously laid are removed or authority is given for their removal. Before, any treatment is applied a full written on-site risk assessment must be carried out to provide the correct health and safety information. As a minimum, the risk assessment should take into account the presence of young children, pets, elderly/ infirmed individuals and other non-target species. Based upon the on-site risk assessment, the pest control technician may consider the use of traps, which should be located accordingly. Traps can be baited using fruit, vegetables, chocolate or other suitable foodstuff obtained from the occupier and placed safely on the trap. The implications of the use of traps should be explained to the occupier(s) and arrangements made to call the next day to inspect the trap, or request the occupier to notify immediately if it is noticed that a mouse is caught on the trap. Bait preparations, which are known to work in the area, should be used as a matter of routine. The experience of the pest control technician is fundamental in determining which baits should be used. The placement of many small baits will be preferred to a few large baits. Bait stations may be placed in close proximity to each 9
10 other to good effect. Sufficient quantities of bait should be placed so as to ensure that sufficient bait remains until the next scheduled visit (based upon the manufacturer s label requirements). Not more than one type of rodenticide bait (where the active ingredient is taken as the defining pesticide type) should be laid in any premises at any time; however formulations can be varied depending upon the characteristics of the site. Baits must be laid in accordance with manufacturer label requirements and will always be protected from ready access by children and pets, using lockable stations if appropriate. (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used (including suitable diagram) of each dwelling and communal area(s) (viii) Any other information that may be of relevance Estimate timing of the next visit and inform the occupier(s) accordingly. This will generally be within seven days dependent upon the level of activity and manufacturer s label requirements Second or subsequent visits Carry out a survey of the whole premises (including each dwelling and common parts) for evidence of mouse activity and make a suitable record. 10 Explain the nature of the treatment and any specific safety requirements to each occupier. Provide an appropriately annotated (safety data sheet), advice sheet to each occupier highlighting the premises address date, what product has been used and what action to take in cases of an emergency, including contact telephone number. (v) (vi) Details of each individual dwelling and/ or common parts(including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Details of all areas surveyed The evidence of infestation/activity, including any contributory factors Relevant site information including the presence of young children, pets and elderly infirmed people Confirm infestation/activity by visual examination of all baiting points and any other evidence such as mouse droppings, mouse urine stains or gnaw/teeth marks/ chewing of packaging and foodstuffs. Observe the amount of takes of the rodenticide and make a suitable record, for example. N/T - No Take, P/T - Part Take and C/T - Complete Take. Re-evaluate hygiene and housekeeping standards within the entire premises (including each dwelling and common parts). Re-examine previously identified means of access to the whole of the property to confirm whether proofing works have been carried out. If substantial changes have occurred that could affect the safety and/or success of the treatment, a new on-site risk assessment should be completed. Additionally, if a different pest control technician attends the premises, a record must be kept as to whether the pest control technician agrees with the Baits must be laid in accordance with manufacturer instructions and will always be protected from ready access by children and pets
11 existing on-site risk assessment. Where the pest control technician disagrees with the assessment, a new on-site risk assessment must be completed and any discrepancies reported to the supervisor/manager If baits have been taken Replenish baiting points as appropriate, however block baits can be rotated or loose bait evened out to provide a fresh surface for the next visit. Lay additional baiting stations as indicated by any new signs of activity. Where possible, old bait stations should be reused in order to increase the opportunity of mice using the bait station through the smell of other mice. A record must be kept of all rodenticide used when replenishing baiting points or providing additional bait stations. Sufficient quantities of bait should be placed so as to ensure that there is bait remaining at the time of the next visit. Where bait consumption is high, it will be necessary to increase the frequency of visits to ensure that this is achieved. (If infestation is due to field mice rather than house mice, baits may be hoarded rather than eaten.) (v) (vi) Details of each individual dwelling and/ or common parts (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Any changes in the premises that could affect the safety or success of the treatment (completing a new on-site risk assessment if necessary) The evidence that the infestation/ activity still exists The number of takes observed and the amount of new rodenticide used (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used for any new bait stations (including amendments to the baiting diagram) (viii) The nature of any proofing works carried (ix) out or still outstanding Any other information that may be of relevance Explain nature of treatment, hygiene/ housekeeping requirements and any safety requirements to the occupier(s). Estimate timing of the next visit and inform the occupier accordingly. This will generally be within seven days dependent upon the level of activity and manufacturer s label requirements Baits not taken but other signs of infestation present On first and second revisits, inspect and refresh baits (where necessary) and note any findings to prove the presence of mice. Mouse activity throughout a block of dwellings is likely to be significant and therefore any incidents where rodenticide is not being taken, but evidence of activity still exists should be dealt with seriously. After the second revisit using a single bait type, where no bait takes have been observed, the pest control technician should remove all baits from the entire of the premises and re-bait using an alternative preparation using the same pattern as above or a combination where this is appropriate for the premises type (suitable senior pest control technician approval should be sought.) Examine bait placement points and re-evaluate their efficacy. (Relatively small distances can alter the level of bait takes from a baiting point). Record the change of bait on each occasion. Issue a new rodenticide safety data sheet/ advice sheet to each occupier and update the on-site risk assessment. Continue substituting alternative formulations using the same method above until an acceptable alternative is found and baits are taken. A senior pest control technician should decide upon the bait used throughout the entire property (including each dwelling and common parts) and be advised of any requests to change the formulations if control is not achieved. (v) (vi) Details of each dwelling and/or common parts (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Any changes in the premises that could affect the safety or success of the treatment (completing a new on-site risk assessment if necessary) The evidence that the infestation/ activity still exists The number of takes observed and the amount of new rodenticide used (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used for any new bait stations (including amendments to the baiting diagram) (viii) The nature of any proofing works carried (ix) out or still outstanding Any other information that may be of relevance Having provided the owner suitable opportunity to remedy the defects, and if the work remains uncompleted, Local Authorities have the power to serve a legal notice on the owner to ensure that the appropriate repairs are completed as soon as possible. 11
12 The tenure of the property has implications for these responsibilities, particularly as proofing works may not be the responsibility of the individual occupier. For local authorities, consideration should be given to Part 1 of the Housing Act 2004 or Part III of the Environmental Protection Act This may therefore require liaison with the appropriate officer within the local authority who has responsibility for housing conditions. Explain the situation to the occupier and restate any outstanding preventative remedial works, proofing or hygiene/housekeeping issues that require attention. Close down the job and maintain suitable permanent record of all notes, on-site risk assessments, bait location records, copy letters and other relevant documents Completion When all bait takes cease completely and no further signs of infestation/activity are noted remove all accessible bait and bait materials from the premises and return to the depot for authorised disposal. All rodent bodies and redundant rodenticide should only be disposed of as detailed in Section 5.0, pg
13 2.0 Rats - within dwellings Of all pests that infest domestic premises, rats cause greater damage and distress than any other pest. They are frequently known to gnaw through plumbing and electrical cabling, doors and frames and even structural timbers, which coupled with their known disease carrying capabilities, makes them a high priority for treatment for the occupiers of all residential properties Infestation not present Explain to the occupier that there is no evidence of an infestation/activity and reassure the occupier that a revisit can be arranged if any complaint reoccurs. As a minimum, the following details must be recorded: 2.1 Method of treatment First visit Confirm the existence of any infestation/ activity by completing a full site survey of the whole premises and identify signs of current rat activity fresh droppings, footprints, gnawing, smear marks, odour, damage to food cartons etc. Sufficient details must be taken to ensure accurate records can be made, noting the areas where evidence of an infestation/ activity has been found and possible entry points. (v) (vi) Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed (taking account of accessibility of areas, for example designated confined spaces) The result of the survey confirming that an infestation/activity was not identified Any other information that may be of relevance (standard of hygiene, proofing, activity in adjacent properties etc) Based on the evidence from the survey confirm the distribution of any infestation/activity and record the details. Details of contributory factors should also be recorded, including damage to structure, poor house keeping or poor standards of hygiene. Advise the occupier of health risks due to rats being present (food contamination etc.). Close down the job making such comments on the job sheet or electronic record Uncertain conclusion If there is no evidence of any infestation/ activity and either the occupier will not accept the situation, or there are reasons to believe that there may be rats (entering from an adjoining property) then lay strategically placed non-toxic baits. Occupiers must be shown the locations of the non-toxic baits and informed that children and pets are not allowed access to these baits. Note: it is 13
14 14 advisable that the occupier be advised of the difference between an infestation (breeding population) and a casual intruder (one off occurrence). Provide information and advice to the occupier on improving standards of hygiene, housekeeping and proofing requirements. Inform the occupier that a revisit will be made within one to two weeks. Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed (v) The evidence of potential infestation/ activity (vi) The location, amount and type of non-toxic bait used (including suitable diagram) (vii) Any other information that may be of relevance 2.2 Live rat in property Options to consider Advise occupier of options, which are: Catch and kill Trapping Placement of rodenticide baits Pest control technicians may attempt to physically catch and kill the rat if it is running around freely and causing distress. Trapping, which would result in a dead rat being retained in the trap used, will require the occupier to contact the Pest control technician for collection and disposal of the dead animal. Placement of rodenticide baits could result in the death of the rat within the structure of the building, creating an unpleasant odour for some time (seven to 10 days, or longer). The pest control technician must determine the best method of treatment Catch and kill This method is potentially dangerous from a health and safety perspective and great care must be taken not to run into or fall over furniture/static objects or damage furniture in the heat of the chase. Furthermore, to ensure the rat is killed outright with the first blow, the pest control technician must be competent to use this method humanely and safely. The use of an air pistol to despatch live rats may also be used where it is considered safe to do so. All pest control technicians must be competent and trained in the use of air weapons and a thorough risk assessment completed. No other person must be present in the same room when the air pistol is used. The air pistol is only to be used when the pest control technician has satisfied themselves that the rat has been cornered and a close up shot can be taken. Safety glasses must be worn during this operation. Alternatively, the rat could be chased into a live trap and then taken outside of the property (for example, a garden or yard area) to be despatched with an air pistol. Clean any blood spillage from surfaces using wipes and disinfectants and dispose of safely. All dead rats should be disposed of as detailed in Section 5.0, pg 28., using protective gloves. Advise and show the occupier any necessary proofing works to prevent future infestation/ activity. Examine the areas from which rats may have entered the building to see if further treatment is required. If the pest control technician is satisfied that the captured rat was the only rat in the property, close down the job and maintain suitable permanent record of all notes, on-site risk assessments and other relevant documents. If the pest control technician believes further rats may be present, the source of the activity should be determined and the matter referred to a supervisor/manager for determination of further treatment. Close down the job and maintain suitable permanent record of all notes, on-site risk assessments, bait location records, copy letters and other relevant documents Trapping First visit More than one trap should be employed where suitable locations can be identified for placement. Bait the traps using fruit, vegetables, chocolate or other suitable foodstuff obtained from the occupier and place safely on the trap. Ensure that the trap is set with the kill platform at right angles to the wall. This will allow rats to approach the trap from either side.
15 Explain the nature of the treatment to the occupier and stress the hazards of contact with the trap, especially if children or pets are present. Advise the occupier as to any necessary proofing requirements to prevent further infestation/activity by showing the occupier the issues concerned. Arrange to call the next day to inspect the trap, or request the occupier to notify immediately if it is noticed that a rat is caught on the trap. Revisit the same day of notification to remove the rat. Second visit Inspect the trap for evidence of rat interference with bait or trap. If no catch has occurred re-bait and reset the trap if necessary. Consider relocating the trap/s. Re-survey the whole premises for further evidence of infestation/activity and note any signs of new movement or damage. Advise the occupier of the situation and restate safety and/or proofing advice as required. Arrange to call next day to inspect the trap. Third visit Inspect the trap for signs of activity. If no evidence of rodent activity at the trap can be found re-survey the whole of the property for evidence of infestation/activity. If no evidence of activity is found within the property, advise the occupier as to any necessary proofing requirements to prevent further infestation/activity by showing the occupier the issues concerned. Close down the job and maintain suitable permanent record of all notes, on-site risk assessments, bait location records, copy letters and other relevant documents. When there are obvious signs of an active rat infestation, advise the occupier to consider the use of poison baits and reinforce proofing recommendations. 2.3 Poison baits Infestation confirmed Evaluate hygiene/housekeeping and proofing standards and identify alternative food sources and waste retention areas. Where significant quantities of food are open and available to rodents no treatment should be commenced. Occupiers should be informed that a further appointment could be made as soon as the standards of hygiene and housekeeping have been improved. Tact and diplomacy are required to explain that rodents will not take toxic baits if other food sources are readily available. If necessary, show the occupier examples of poor practice. However, this approach may not always be required where the pest control technician assesses the risk from alternative food sources to be minimal and the occupier s cooperation has been obtained. Where necessary, adherence to appropriate health and safety procedures must be ensured to avoid potentially aggressive confrontations. Notes will need to be comprehensive in describing reasons for the non-treatment and explanations provided. Consideration of the need for enforcement action is required if conditions do not improve sufficiently to permit an effective treatment. (v) (vi) (vii) Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed The evidence of infestation/activity, including any contributory factors The reasons for non-treatment Any other information that may be of relevance Report circumstances to relevant supervisor/ manager If premises are free from excessive alternative food sources Identify any likely entry points including: Gaps under external doors Gaps around water, drainage, gas or electricity services Damaged air vents Any other points that allow access from the exterior to the interior of the building The pest control technician shall adopt a risk based approach, based on the information gathered on-site, as to whether any openings or gaps within the property should be sealed before or at the end of a treatment programme. Accordingly, bring all defects to the attention of the occupier and ask for remedial works to be carried out. Explain to the occupier the works that are required to be carried out to exclude rats from the property. If the local authority or other client organisation manages the property, written details of any recommendations for proofing or repair must be provided to the appropriate office for action. All advice on proofing is to be provided by the pest control technician or supervisor Decide on method of treatment If an existing treatment is, or has been carried out, in the premises by another pest control company, the pest control technician will not commence any treatment until the occupier gives firm assurance that the other contract has been terminated and all baits previously laid are removed or authority is given for their removal. 15
16 16 Before, any treatment is applied a full written on-site risk assessment must be carried out to provide the correct health and safety information. As a minimum, the risk assessment should take into account the presence of young children, pets and elderly/ infirmed individuals. Bait preparations, which are known to work in the area, should be used as a matter of routine. The experience of the pest control technician is fundamental in determining which baits should be used. Bait stations should be located where evidence of rat activity has been observed. Sufficient quantities of bait should be placed so as to ensure that bait remains until the next scheduled visit. Not more than one type of rodenticide bait (where the active ingredient is taken as the defining pesticide type) should be laid in any premises at any time; however formulations can be varied depending upon the characteristics of the site. Baits must be laid in accordance with manufacturer s label requirements and will always be protected from ready access by children and pets, using lockable stations if appropriate. Explain the nature of the treatment and any specific safety requirements to the occupier. Occupiers must be shown the locations of the baits and informed that children and pets are not allowed access to these baits. Provide an appropriately annotated (safety data sheet) advice sheet to the occupier highlighting the premises address, the date, what product has been used and what action to take in cases of an emergency including a contact telephone number. Neophobia should be explained to the occupier to account for the time taken for the treatment to be effective. As a minimum, the following information must Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed (v) The evidence of infestation/activity, including any contributory factors (vi) Relevant site information including the presence of young children, pets and elderly infirmed people (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used (including suitable diagram) (viii) Any other information that may be of relevance Estimate timing of the next visit and inform the occupier accordingly. This will generally be within seven days dependent upon the level of activity and manufacturer s label requirements. Advise the occupier as to the risk of smells being generated from dead carcasses and the possibility of these smells persisting for a period of time (seven to 10 days, or longer) Second or subsequent visits Carry out a survey of the whole premises for evidence of rat activity and make a suitable record. Confirm infestation/activity by visual examination of all baiting points and any other evidence such as droppings, footprints, smear marks or gnaw/teeth marks/chewing on packaging and foodstuffs. Observe the amount of takes of the rodenticide and make a suitable record, for example. N/T - No Take, P/T - Part Take and C/T - Complete Take. Re-evaluate hygiene and housekeeping standards within the premises. Re-examine previously identified routes of entry to the property to confirm whether proofing works have been carried out. If substantial changes have occurred that could affect the safety and/or success of the treatment, a new on-site risk assessment should be completed. Additionally, if a different pest control technician attends the premises, a record must be kept as to whether the pest control technician agrees with the existing on-site risk assessment. Where the pest control technician disagrees with the assessment, a new on-site risk assessment must be completed and any discrepancies reported to the supervisor/manager If baits have been taken Replenish baiting points as appropriate, however block baits can be rotated or loose bait evened out to provide a fresh surface for the next visit. Lay additional baiting stations as indicated by any new signs of activity. A record must be kept of all rodenticide used when replenishing baiting points or providing additional bait stations. Sufficient quantities of bait should be placed so as to ensure that there is bait remaining at the time of the next visit. Where bait consumption is high, it will be necessary to increase the frequency of visits to ensure that this is achieved. As a minimum, the following information must Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Any changes in the premises that could affect the safety or success of the treatment (completing a new on-site risk assessment if necessary)
17 (v) The evidence that the infestation/ activity still exists (vi) The number of takes observed and the amount of new rodenticide used (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used for any new bait stations (including amendments to the baiting diagram) (viii) The nature of any proofing works carried out or still outstanding (ix) Any other information that may be of relevance Explain nature of treatment, hygiene/ housekeeping requirements and any safety requirements to the occupier. Estimate timing of the next visit and inform the occupier accordingly. This will generally be within seven days dependent upon the level of activity and manufacturer s label requirements Baits not taken but other signs of infestation present On first and second revisits, inspect and refresh baits (where necessary) and note any findings to identify prove the presence of rats. After the second revisit using a single bait type, where no bait takes have been observed, the pest control technician should remove all baits from the entire premises and re-bait using an alternative preparation using the same pattern as above or a combination where this is appropriate for the premises type (suitable senior pest control technician approval should be sought). Examine bait placement points and re evaluate their efficacy. Relatively small distances can alter the level of bait takes from a baiting point. Record the change of bait on each occasion. Issue a new rodenticide safety data sheet/ advice sheet to the occupier and update the on-site risk assessment. Provide information and advice to the occupiers on improving standards of hygiene, housekeeping and proofing requirements Continue substituting alternative formulations using the same method above until an acceptable alternative is found and baits are taken. More than one type of toxic bait must not be used in any premises at the same time except by prior approval of an appropriate senior pest control technician (where the active ingredient is taken as the defining pesticide type. However formulations can be varied depending upon the characteristics of the site). Where all bait preparations have been tried and no takes are recorded, the matter must be referred to an appropriate senior pest control technician for consideration of alternative bait preparations. As a minimum, the following information must Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Any changes in the premises that could affect the safety or success of the treatment (completing a new on-site risk assessment if necessary) (v) The evidence that the infestation/ activity still exists (vi) The number of takes observed and the amount of new rodenticide used (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used for any new bait stations (including amendments to the baiting diagram) (viii) The nature of any proofing works carried out or still outstanding (ix) Any other information that may be of relevance Where activity continues for prolonged periods, consider the potential for hidden methods of entry resulting in rats entering the property for example potential defects in the drainage system. Having provided the owner suitable opportunity to remedy the defects, and if the remedial work remains uncompleted, local authorities have the power to serve a legal notice on the owner to ensure that the appropriate repairs are completed as soon as possible. The tenure of the property has implications for these responsibilities, particularly as proofing works may not be the responsibility of the individual occupier. For local authorities, consideration should be given to Part 1 of the Housing Act 2004 or Part III of the Environmental Protection Act This may therefore require liaison with the appropriate officer within the local authority who has responsibility for housing conditions Completion When all bait takes cease completely and no further signs of infestation/activity are noted remove all accessible bait and bait materials from the premises and return to the depot for authorised disposal. All rodent bodies and redundant rodenticide should only be disposed of as detailed in Section 5.0, pg 28. Explain the situation to the occupier and restate any outstanding preventative works, proofing or hygiene/housekeeping issues that require attention. Close down the job and maintain suitable permanent record of all notes, on-site risk assessments, bait location records, copy letters and other relevant documents. 17
18 2.4 Block treatments First visit If request for service centres on a single dwelling within a larger block of dwellings (i.e. flats or terraced housing) confirm the existence of any infestation/activity in initial dwelling by completing a full survey of the whole premises and identify signs of current rat activity grease smears and scuffs along runs, gnawing damage to woodwork, pipes and cables etc or the presence of rat droppings. Sufficient details must be taken to ensure accurate records can be made, noting the areas where evidence of an infestation/activity has been confirmed. Care should be taken to examine all areas of the property including communal halls, lofts, bins, stores, garages etc. In addition, the external of the property as a whole should be examined to obtain any evidence of activity outlined above. Based on the evidence from the survey confirm the distribution of any infestation/activity and record the details. Details of contributory factors should also be recorded, including damage to structure, poor house keeping or poor standards of hygiene. Advise the occupier(s) of health risks due to rats being present (Weil s disease, food contamination etc.). The pest control technician must consider the property as a whole, and not individual dwellings, when making any assessment. Depending upon the size and nature of the property and the extent of any infestation/ activity, consideration should be given to obtaining senior pest control technician involvement as a number of agencies may need to be involved in the treatment to secure control from the outset. Such agencies may include environmental health officers, housing officers or representatives of any other client organisation who manages the property and representatives of the occupants of the property Infestation not present The pest control technician must be certain that no evidence of activity is present in any part of the property. Where conclusions are uncertain, follow the advice given in the next section. Explain to the occupiers that there is no evidence of an infestation/activity and reassure the occupiers that a revisit can be arranged if any complaint reoccurs. As a minimum, the following details must be recorded: (v) (vi) Details of each individual dwelling within the property (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Details of all areas surveyed The result of the survey confirming that an infestation/activity was not identified Any other information that may be of relevance Close down the job making such comments on the job sheet or electronic record Uncertain conclusion Ensure all dwellings and communal areas outlined above have been surveyed including those that adjoin the original source of the complaint to identify any signs of activity. If there is no evidence of any infestation/ activity and either the occupier will not accept the situation, or there are reasons to believe that there may be rats (entering from an adjoining dwelling or other area) then lay strategically placed non-toxic baits and/ or tracking plates. Occupiers must be shown the locations of the non-toxic baits/tracking plates and informed that children and pets are not allowed access to these baits. Note: it is advisable that the occupier(s) be advised of the difference between an infestation (breeding population) and a casual intruder (one off occurrence). Provide information and advice to the occupiers on improving standards of hygiene, housekeeping and proofing requirements. If no signs of activity are found, inform all occupiers that a revisit will be made within two to three weeks as a precaution. (v) (vi) (vii) Details of each individual dwelling within the property (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Details of all areas surveyed (including any dwellings where access was denied) The evidence of potential infestation/ activity The location, amount and type of non-toxic bait used (including suitable diagram) Any other information that may be of relevance Infestation confirmed Evaluate hygiene/housekeeping and proofing standards and identify alternative food sources and waste retention areas. Where significant quantities of food are open and available to rodents no treatment should be commenced. Occupiers should be informed that a further appointment could be made as soon as the standards of hygiene and housekeeping have been improved. Tact and diplomacy are required to explain that rodents will not take toxic baits if other food sources are readily available. If necessary, show the occupier examples of poor practice. However, this approach may not always be required where the pest control technician assesses the risk from alternative food sources to be minimal and the occupier s cooperation has been obtained. 18
19 Where necessary, adherence to appropriate health and safety procedures must be ensured to avoid potentially aggressive confrontations. Notes will need to be comprehensive in describing reasons for the non-treatment and explanations provided. Consideration of the need for enforcement action is required if conditions do not improve sufficiently to permit an effective treatment for the entire block of dwellings. Therefore a coordinated approach of treatment and enforcement is required. (v) (vi) (vii) Details of each individual dwelling and/ or common parts (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Details of all areas surveyed The evidence of potential infestation/ activity The location, amount and type of non-toxic bait used (including suitable diagram) Any other information that may be of relevance Report circumstances to relevant supervisor /manager If premises are free from excessive alternative food sources The pest control technician must consider the property as a whole, and not individual dwellings when formulating the treatment strategy. Identify any likely entry points including: Gaps under external doors Gaps around water, drainage, gas or electricity services Damaged air vents Any other points that allow access from the exterior to the interior of the building The pest control technician shall adopt a risk based approach, based on the information gathered on-site, as to whether any openings or gaps within the property should be sealed before or at the end of a treatment programme. Dependent upon the size and nature of the property, significant detailed notes (including photography) will be required, and consideration should be given to allocating sufficient resources to implement the treatment strategy. Accordingly, bring all defects to the attention of the occupier and ask for remedial works to be carried out. Explain to the occupier the works that are required to be carried out to exclude rats from the property. If the local authority or other client organisation manages the property, written details of any recommendations for proofing or repair must be provided to the appropriate office for action. All advice on proofing is to be provided by the pest control technician or Supervisor Decide on method of treatment If an existing treatment is, or has been carried out, in the premises by another pest control company, the pest control technician will not commence any treatment until the occupier gives firm assurance that the other contract has been terminated and all baits previously laid are removed or authority is given for their removal. Before, any treatment is applied a full written on-site risk assessment must be carried out to provide the correct health and safety information. As a minimum, the risk assessment should take into account the presence of young children, pets and elderly/ infirmed individuals. Bait preparations, which are known to work in the area, should be used as a matter of routine. The experience of the pest control technician is fundamental in determining which baits should be used. Bait stations should be located where evidence of rat activity has been observed. Sufficient quantities of bait should be placed so as to ensure that bait remains until the next scheduled visit. Not more than one type of rodenticide bait (where the active ingredient is taken as the defining pesticide type) should be laid in any premises at any time; however formulations can be varied depending upon the characteristics of the site. Baits must be laid in accordance with manufacturer s label requirements and will always be protected from ready access by children and pets, using lockable stations if appropriate. Explain the nature of the treatment and any specific safety requirements to the occupier. Occupiers must be shown the locations of the baits and informed that children and pets are not allowed access to these baits. Provide an appropriately annotated (safety data sheet) advice sheet to the occupier highlighting the premises address, the date, what product has been used and what action to take in cases of an emergency including contact telephone number. Neophobia should be explained to the occupier to account for the time taken for the treatment to be effective. Details of the premises (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who The areas surveyed 19
20 (v) The evidence of infestation/activity, including any contributory factors (vi) Relevant site information including the presence of young children, pets and elderly/infirmed individuals (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used (including suitable diagram) (viii) Any other information that may be of relevance Estimate timing of the next visit and inform the occupier accordingly. This will generally be within seven days dependent upon the level of activity and manufacturer s label requirements. Advise the occupier(s) as to the risk of smells being generated from dead carcasses and the possibility of these smells persisting for a period of time (seven to 10 days, or longer) Second or subsequent visits Carry out a survey of the whole premises (including each dwelling and common parts) for evidence of rat activity and make a suitable record. Confirm infestation/activity by visual examination of all baiting points and any other evidence such as droppings, footprints, urine stains or gnaw/teeth marks/chewing of packaging and foodstuffs. Observe the amount of takes of the rodenticide and make a suitable record, for example. N/T - No Take, P/T - Part Take and C/T - Complete Take. Re-evaluate hygiene and housekeeping standards within the entire premises (including each dwelling and common parts). Re-examine previously identified means of access to the whole of the property to confirm whether proofing works have been carried out. If substantial changes have occurred that could affect the safety and/or success of the treatment, a new on-site risk assessment should be completed. Additionally, if a different pest control technician attends the premises, a record must be kept as to whether the pest control technician agrees with the existing on-site risk assessment. Where the pest control technician disagrees with the assessment, a new on-site risk assessment must be completed and any discrepancies reported to the supervisor/manager If baits have been taken Replenish baiting points as appropriate, however block baits can be rotated or loose bait evened out to provide a fresh surface for the next visit. Lay additional baiting stations as indicated by any new signs of activity. A record must be kept of all rodenticide used when replenishing baiting points or providing additional bait stations. Sufficient quantities of bait should be placed so as to ensure that there is bait remaining at the time of the next visit. Where bait consumption is high, it will be necessary to increase the frequency of visits to ensure that this is achieved. (v) (vi) Details of each individual dwelling and/ or common parts (including any specific job reference) Name of pest control technician who Any changes in the premises that could affect the safety or success of the treatment (completing a new on-site risk assessment if necessary) The evidence that the infestation/ activity still exists The number of takes observed and the amount of new rodenticide used (vii) The location, amount and type of rodenticide used for any new bait stations (including amendments to the baiting diagram) (viii) The nature of any proofing works carried (ix) out or still outstanding Any other information that may be of relevance Explain nature of treatment, hygiene/ housekeeping requirements and any safety requirements to occupier(s). Estimate timing of the next visit and inform the occupier accordingly. This will generally be within seven days dependent upon the level of activity and manufacturer s label requirements Baits not taken but other signs of infestation present On first and second revisits, inspect and refresh baits (where necessary) and note any findings to prove the presence of rats. Rat activity throughout a block of dwellings is likely to be significant and therefore any incidents where rodenticide is not being taken, but evidence of activity still exists should be dealt with seriously. After the second revisit using a single bait type, where no bait takes have been observed, the pest control technician should remove all baits from the entire of the premises and A record must be kept of all rodenticide used when replenishing baiting points or providing additional bait stations 20
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Q: Re-projecting map from GCS-WGS1984 to multiple UTM zone? My study area i.e North Eastern Arabian Sea belongs UTM Q42 and Q43.
How can I re-project the maps from GCS-WGS1984 to UTM in ArcGIS Desktop 10.1?

A: As long as your data layers are already defined as WGS 1984, you should be fine with the following steps:

*

*Open data frame properties (right-click Layers in the table of contents).

*Select the coordinate system tab.

*Under projected coordinate systems, select UTM, then WGS 1984. I honestly can't remember if we had divided the zones into northern and southern hemisphere folders. You're looking for 42N (North) and 42N (North).
Select one and okay all dialogs.
Note: You'll need to pick one or the other. You can 'label' a layout with a grid in using either UTM zone, but the map itself has to be in either 42N or 43N.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lambchop performs Buttons, a track from the band's latest album Mr. M at Carrboro's Friendly Barber Shop. Kurt Wagner puts on one of the most compelling shows you ever did see.
Lambchop headlines the Fletcher Opera Theater on Saturday, Sept. 8 at 12 AM.


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