Often I am asked what I am following and finding in the travel space. Here are a few trending stories, travel deals and "follow-worthy" social media accounts circling the web in family travel.
Have you heard about the mom from Iowa who decided to leave her four young children at home while she went on holiday to Germany? It seems as though the mom of four had no one to watch her children during her trip abroad so she left her younger children aged 6 and 7 in the care of her 12-year-old twins. The day after she departed, local authorities were called to do a welfare check at the home address and found the four children left unattended. While the Department of Human Services intervened, the police were able to get in contact with the mother and demanded she return home. Once she arrived back in the U.S. she was arrested and sent to jail, awaiting trial. You can read more on this story here.
Southwest credit cards are at 60k bonuses right now making Companion Pass even easier to obtain. We would like to use it again to travel to Aruba. (We don't sell credit cards on LiveAndLetsFly but we will let readers know what we come across if the offers are truly exceptional – this is close to exceptional.) I am still on the fence about whether or not to time this right and go for it. The struggle is in holding out long enough to earn all of the qualifying points in 2018 but I speculate that the bonuses will be pulled before this is a possibility. I also only have two 5/24 slots left with Chase so I am locked out at that point for nearly a year with them.
If you are thinking about getting the card there are plenty of publicly available links, I might recommend going through a fellow blogger on Boarding Area though I'm not going to link one here.
Scandinavian Airlines is currently running a promotion in which children between age 2-11 traveling with an adult, pay only the taxes and fees to travel roundtrip between the U.S. and Scandinavia. The catch here is you must book by October 5th for travel dates between November 1st and May 31st 2018. Each adult ticket booked allows up to 8 children for this flight deal. You can check out more on this promotion here.
Check out these "follow worthy" accounts on Instagram for your daily dose of family travel inspiration and beautiful captures.
2. @Jetsettingkids– An Australian family travel writer who covers all things FUN with kids and travel.
3. @TheJourn – More on the luxury side, this new travel themed account curates some of the most beautiful photos from around the world and shares them on one account.
I came across this video regarding common myths of traveling with children and of course I wholeheartedly agree with the debunking of these myths. I have touched on this topic briefly in the past with these tips for traveling in premium cabins with kids and frequently made comments to traveling parents. We've chosen not to let these myths stop us from sharing the world with our daughter through our travels and I hope you will find these links and this video as encouragement to do the same.
What are some of your favorite travel Instagram accounts and stories from the last week in family travel?


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Q: Unable to fetch the New branch in Eclipse Git Remote Tracking for one machine I have an Eclipse Project which is maintained in git. After the first commit, yesterday I added new files directly to the master branch (which I later realized was wrong, and should have created a local branch). Today I tried to create a local branch on two machines and tried to push the codes on the respective machines.
STEPS:

*

*Created a new branch in git

*Eclipse - Git repository - Fetch from Upstream - added the new branch

*Switched to the new branch
and checked out

*Making new changes to the code

On one machine I could go through these steps smoothly. I am getting stuck on the other machine at #2. I am unable to find the Fetch from Upstream option. I only see Fetch from origin, and when I click on that, system prompts "No ref to fetch".

A: In that case, revert to command-line, and check on both machine:
cd /path/to/repo
git config -l

Try and compare in both the remote and branch section like:
remote.origin.url=https://gitlab.com/<user>/<project>
remote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
branch.master.remote=origin
branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master

By setting them identical between the two machines repositories, you should then be able to switch back to Eclipse and see the same options again.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
var path = require('path'),
rootPath = path.normalize(__dirname + '/../..');

module.exports = {
	root: rootPath,
	port: process.env.PORT || 3000,
	modelsDir : rootPath + '/app/models'
    // db: process.env.MONGOHQ_URL
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I started working in a fast paced and competitive industry when I was five years old, kickstarting my professional life as a young actor in Vancouver. My natural ability to understand and easily relate to people proved useful as an actor and in my later career in sales. I balance my intimate knowledge of Vancouver's real estate market with an effortless charm and unwavering determination that gives me a competitive edge when showing your home or negotiating on your behalf.
Before working with Engel & Völkers, you could have found me circumnavigating the world on a barquentine tall ship, ziplining through the forests of Vancouver Island, and beginning my day with a workout in Coal Harbour. Growing up in Vancouver and traveling to over twenty different countries has allowed me to truly appreciate the beauty and splendor that this city has to offer.
As a Real Estate Agent, I focus my efforts primarily Downtown and in East Vancouver, where I continually analyze the local markets and provide monthly statistical updates which are available to you on my website. My approach is based on honest and open communication, professional integrity, and a disciplined work ethic, all of which is guided by up-to-date market research.
I look forward to putting my penchant for action and results to work for you along with Engel & Völkers' internationally renowned marketing program to ensure that buying or selling real estate is a smooth and rewarding experience.


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Madeline Yale Wynne
Date: American artist and author, 1847–1918
Biography: Born in Newport, New York, Wynne studied art at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Art Students League in New York. She followed her brother Julian Yale to Chicago, where the family hosted a salon and she developed a reputation as a jewelry maker. While there, she turned to writing, publishing work in Atlantic Monthly, Harper's Monthly, and Home Beautiful in the 1890s. Wynne spent her summers in New England with Annie Cabot Putnam. A founder and leader of the Deerfield Society of Arts and Crafts, Wynne was active in the art community around Deerfield, Massachusetts.
The Little Room and Other Stories by Madelene Yale Wynne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Why not keep your healthy fitness goals, drop body fat and have a delicious salad!
Most dressing and marinades have flaws.
We wanted to create a great tasting dressing that could also be used as a marinade and help individuals consume some of the healthiest nutrients that nourishes their body.


Homework Policy In Elementary School: Is It Necessary?
There has been a huge controversy over whether or not elementary school children should have homework. The debate is about whether or not it is necessary in their education and whether or not it is helping the student or just giving them some busy work to help determine grades.
The main reason why teachers ask students to do homework in any grade is to give them some practice problems so that they can complete the work themselves. When a student sees the problem or information presented and hears about it, they only retain about half of that information. It isn't until they have to apply it that the information turns to knowledge. This is not a debated topic. The debate is between whether the student should be doing the work at home or whether it should be incorporated into their day.
When a student is asked to do the homework at home, they have already been in school for eight hours. They may only have a few hours before their parents expect them to go to bed. They also may not have a support system to show them how to do the problems correctly. It has been several decades since most parents had to do many of the things that their children have to do for homework. If the student is practicing the concepts incorrectly, there is really no good in them doing the problems at home.
There is a "new math" that is taught now. The teachers expect the students to complete the problems using the "new math" concepts however this is hard for the parents who were never taught the concepts to help their children. This makes it really hard for students to really benefit from doing the work at home.
If the homework is incorporated into their day, the students will not only get a break from school when they get home to play and be a kid, but they will get more out of the homework. They will have their teacher there to walk through the problems with them and they can learn the concepts correctly. Overall, this will make sure that the work is serving the purpose. Perfect practice makes perfect performance.
Homework in elementary school is not necessary if it has to be done at home. If it is busy work, then it is not necessary. Incorporate it into their school day so that they are sure to have the proper support to complete the assignment and turn the information into correct knowledge.


The sun is rising earlier, setting later, and slowly the temperature is starting to climb. But that also means that it's time to get down and dirty with some spring cleaning. For some this can be daunting, and for others a cathartic experience to remove the clutter from their lives. We have some great tips to help make your spring cleaning an easy and simple process.
Draw up a schedule and break up your cleaning into easy to manage portions – by breaking it up over several days you won't tire yourself out and the process can become more enjoyable.
Tackle your cleaning one room at a time – by tackling one room at a time you can give it all your attention, for example, in your bedroom you can take the time to organise your closet and get rid of things you don't wear or need.
Get everything you need before you start cleaning to avoid having to stop.
Create multiple piles of items as you go through your house, one for storage, one for charity and a rubbish pile for the things you want to throw out.
The kitchen and bathroom are probably the worst places to clean as the steam from cooking and hot showers can make the dirt and grime more difficult to remove. There are plenty of tricks and clever products that will make this arduous task a lot easier.
Lemon cleans stainless steel – Simply halve a lemon and use it to scrub away those annoying streaks and marks.
Steam clean your microwave – Mix two tablespoons of white vinegar and a few drops of a scented essential oil of your choice with water and place this in the microwave on a high temperature for five minutes. Not only will it remove those tough stains and food build up, it will smell great too.
Organise your refrigerator – Place a lazy Susan in your fridge for bottles, jars and containers, to make it easier to get to the items that you want, and keep your fridge organised. Plastic containers are also a great way to keep your food fresh, and make it easy to see what you have in stock.
Steam marks and water stains can be laborious to clean, and with so many products required for daily grooming, your bathroom is bound to look untidy unless you create clever storage solutions. Look out for storage products to ensure everything is kept neat, while being easily accessible.
Get rid of water stains and product build up – Tumble Dryer sheets are great for removing product build up on glass shower doors.
Keep your bathroom smelling fresh – Add a few drops of your favourite essential oil inside your toilet paper roll for a constant, pleasant smell.
Deep clean your shower head – Regularly fill a sandwich bag with baking soda and vinegar and tie this around your shower head. Let this soak overnight to loosen dirt and grime and use an old toothbrush to scrub it clean.
For most people, storage is an issue. Either there is not enough storage space at home, or drawers and cupboards are untidy, and things are difficult to find. But there are a few simple steps you can follow to make sure that your bedroom cupboards, laundry cupboard and even your sitting room are neat, and that everything has a proper place.
The great thing about storage, is you can choose whether you want to make it a feature of the room, or if you want it hidden. And when it comes to your wardrobe, vacuum packing the clothes is a great way to clear up some space.


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Q: Converting failure rates between periods I'm trying to figure out how to convert an annual failure rate between periods.  Assume failures are uniform and independent.
I know that the quick, back-of-the-envelope way is simply to divide the annual failure rate (let's call it $a$) by the number of periods in a year (call it $p$) to get the failure rate for that period (call it $a_p$).  However, that's not exactly correct.
No matter how I subdivide the year, I should get the same failure rate for a 1 year period.  My intuition says that the likelihood of one failure in a year is therefore equal to the likelihood of a failure in the first period, or the likelihood of no failure in the first period and a failure in the second period, or the likelihood of no failures in the first two periods and a failure in the third period, etc.
$$a = \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}a_p(1-a_p)^k=1-(1-a_p)^p$$
Is my intuition on this correct?

A: The quick answer is the right one (divide the total by the number of periods).  You should expect deviations from the mean.  The relative size of the deviations gets smaller as the number of samples increases.  This latter fact is the law of large numbers.  But the law does not say that the sample mean ever necessarily equals the expectation for the distribution.
It's difficult to discuss where intuition fails, but it looks to me that you are either confusing the distribution of samples with the model, or are confusing the discrete and continuous uniform distributions.  The uniform continuous distribution has the property that proportional subintervals have the same "rate".
Uniform distribution, Expected value and standard deviation for proportion of observations in a subintervall


One of the most difficult matters that must be handled in divorce is property division. When a marriage is dissolved, each spouse wants to keep what is theirs and receive a fair division or all marital property. This process can often become complex when the spouses have extensive assets or complex portfolios. Stocks, bonds, and other such assets are supposed to be fairly distributed in divorce, but without a skilled and aggressive divorce lawyer by your side, you could lose what is rightfully yours when you end your marriage.
Fourth Street Law, LLC puts the best interests of each client first. We truly care for you and your case, and we can go the extra mile to ensure that you receive a fair portion of your marital property in a divorce. The law requires that all joint property be equally distributed when a marriage is dissolved, but many divorces result in unfair distribution. Our legal team can fight tirelessly to get the best possible results for your case. We also work with highly skilled experts who can assist with your case in order to get results.
Act quickly if you are facing divorce and have a complex portfolio, assets, property, or a business that you need to protect. Fourth Street Law, LLC can work tirelessly to ensure that your marital property is correctly disclosed, inventoried, and that you receive an equal division of that property in your divorce. We can also fight to ensure that your separate property is protected from distribution. At Fourth Street Law, LLC, our desire is to put you at ease so that you can focus on getting your life back to normal.


Trying to decide if chiropractic is right for you? There are a lot of misconceptions and unknown health benefits that accompany regular chiropractic care. Find out more by visiting our chiropractic page.


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Ahhhh, the holidaze. You've decorated, baked, cleaned, shopped, attended parties, and given of yourself tirelessly. Your loved one's Christmas gifts have all been lovingly selected, wrapped and distributed by you, and opened by them, and that is such a relief, isn't it? But now it's time to treat YOURSELF in order to rejuvenate after the holiday hubbub. Rewarding yourself isn't selfish, it's crucial to your well-being. Buying a few little luxuries of your own will not only boost your mood, and provide motivation in the coming months but it will also give you more fuel to provide for the others in your life as we head into 2018. Don't worry, you don't need to search these items out, either, because we've compiled a few of our favorite after-Christmas gifts you can give yourself.
First up, you'll be needing the perfect NYE dress! Our pick? This strappy, sequined slip dress from Target. Available for less than $25, this sparkly dress will solve that age-old question of "what am I gonna wear?" with ease!!! Universally flattering, this stunner can be worn with bare legs and arms for all out glam, or you could layer it over black tights and add a fuzzy cardi for a more covered up but still fancy version.
Complete your New Year's Eve look with a modern "wow" statement in the form of these sapphire blue crushed velvet booties! These bold heels will work with dresses or pants (even jeans) for so many fun looks. You will get so much wear out of these guys. AND, you deserve them!!!
And, add some rose gold dangle earrings for less than $10, for added sparkle and pizzazz. We love the vintage vibe of these ornate cutout danglers! They'll be wearable long past your NYE celebrations!
And, of course, you'll be needing a few indulgent baths with candles to get you through the winter. (Most women list a candlelit bubble bath as the most relaxing treat of all.) We got you!
For your candle, we suggest an absolute extravagance. Diptyque's Baies Candle , a sumptuous scent composed of blackcurrant leaves and roses, comes in a gorgeous glass container. Heck we even love the box. This is a Parisian luxury candle that you will savor every time you light it.
Go ahead and spoil yourself! You matter! You deserve it! You yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe, deserve your love and affection!


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Hosanna Fukuzawa
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Apr 30, 2022 23 min read Articles
Chapter 4: Othering and Uniting: The Death Management of Japan [Excerpt from Terrified, Insecure, and Dying]
Othering and Uniting: The Death Management of Japan
For 2,000 years, Japan is the only country that has been one nation, in one place, using one language, with one ethnic group, under one emperor. It's a great place. I'd love to hear if there is proof that claims otherwise — Taro Aso, Japanese Politician
In the previous chapter, we looked at how the presence of the "other" pushed one group into derogating and annihilating, unable to deal with their own death anxiety due to an absolute view of the world. This chapter will explore people who assimilate "others" in the face of an existential threat to calm their rampant death anxiety. Moreover, through this case of Imperial Japan, we will observe how this tide of conquest and colonialism not only fails to deal with death anxiety, but leads to the need for constant expansion and assimilation.
What makes Japan a unique case in world history is that for thousands of years, the inhabitants of the island constantly "othered" themselves from one another and claimed separate identities and worldviews. However, in a rapid wake of external threats, all of these diverse groups were hastily assimilated and unified into a nation we now call Japan. To this day, as seen through the opening quote from Japanese politician Taro Aso, this narrative of Japan being a homogenous nation continues to exist.
Not only is this idea of "homogeneity" untrue, it continues to cause much suffering, harm, and discrimination to those who are in fact different.
JAPANESE DIVERSITY AND ON SCHISMOGENESIS
Let's begin by exploring the diversity of Japan, as I suspect not many readers know how truly diverse the island nation is. It is important to note here that I am suggesting a diversity on almost every front of how we categorize our societies. From ethnicity, race, gender, religion, political structure, sustenance, and more. Let's begin with the group you are most familiar with and who have become the "face" of the Japanese: the Wajin.
The Wajin: Not Chinese, then what? And on why Soccer vs Football is such a big deal (it's really not)
The group I am calling "Wajin" are the people you would imagine when thinking of a Japanese person. This group is thought to have first emerged from the mixing of rice farmers who emigrated onto the southern end of Japan and the earlier inhabitants of the island who arrived about 15,000 years ago. The rice farmers are thought to have begun arriving 3,3000~2,300 years ago who mixed, fought, and interacted with the people who were already living on the island. The initial inhabitants are called the Jōmon, who lived by foraging and small scale agriculture, but with the introduction of rice farming the population on the Japanese island bloomed greatly.
Alongside the arrival of agricultural practices, we begin to see clear signs of social hierarchy emerging such as great tombs and accumulation of wealth in one area. Most of the Wajin at this time were concentrated down south, growing from individual tribes and clans into larger social structures such as kingdoms. Jumping forward to the 6th and 7th century a powerful kingdom unified under an emperor, called the Yamato kingdom, consolidates its power. These Wajin groups borrowed largely from the Chinese, learning from their political, religious, and social structures such as the implementation of Buddhism.
However, this inflow of foreign influence did not go without opposition. Although some Wajin were accepting of the Chinese way, many were cautious about openly welcoming in such alien ideas and structures. Rampant debates, conflicts, and even wars emerged from disagreements about what religion to follow or how to structure their social hierarchy. The main reason for such debate was the need for the Wajin people to create a unique identity separate from that of the Chinese, and simply borrowing from their ideas defeats this purpose. This process is called "schismogenesis," coined by anthropologist Gregory Bateson. To get a better grip on what this process is, let's go on a short tangent and explore the difference between Football and Soccer.
When I first arrived in the United States, I distinctly remember an episode that occurred at a small worn-down Mexican restaurant. I sat there with my teammates after practice, listening to a growingly intense argument on whether to call our sport "soccer" or "football". One side — consisting of Europeans and South Americans — were passionately making a case that the original name of the game is football. They added: "Mate! We play with our feet, so it only makes sense to call it football". The other side — consisting of North American players — argued that the sport needed to be called "soccer" so as not to confuse it with "football" that uses an egg-shaped ball. They said, "when in Rome, people, just use our language." So, which side is correct? Or is there even a right answer? Turns out to answer this, we have to learn about an odd cultural phenomenon called "schismogenesis"
The word schismogenesis literally means "the creation of division," and was applied to how different social groups deliberately choose to "other" themselves from their neighbors. This is fundamentally an identity creation project, such as when siblings refuse to wear the same clothes. The division between using the terms "football" or "soccer" to refer to the same sport was born through this process of schismogenesis.
The sport we call football/soccer for the majority of its history was not clearly defined by international rules and organizations as it is today. Originating in England, there was great regional variation where some people played the game with a large group, while others played with a predetermined limit to the number of people on the field. Moreover, some only used their hands, others used their feet, and some used both. However, as the game gained popularity and different schools or villages wanted to play against the team on the other side of the river, a set of rules needed to be established before this was possible. So beginning in the early 19th century, different groups began to pen down set rules on how to play this famous game. But a conflict emerged. Some groups made rules that permitted the use of hands, while another group made rules that did not allow the use of hands. So as to settle this dispute, the two groups split.
In 1871, various teams and groups who used their hands came together and established the Rugby Football Union, calling their game "rugger" and later "rugby" or "football". The other group who used their feet came together as the Association Football (later as the Football Association), and called their sport "soccer" — derived from the word as-soc-iation. This is where things become international.
Through colonial activities, this sport had become popularized and was played on almost every corner of the globe, including the United States. Well into the late 20th century, both England and the United States used the word "soccer" to refer to the variation where we only use feet. However, in the 1980s, the National American Soccer League (NASL) gained much prominence and even threatened the "original" English soccer leagues. Dr. Szymanski at the University of Michigan observes that the British stopped using the word in reaction to this threat of success. Moreover, the Americans derogated soccer into "a sport for patsies, for fakers — for women" (Markovits 2010:208), and consecrated their identity into their "own" sport now called "American Football".
Like this, from things as obscure as a sport that has the same origin, we attempt to differentiate ourselves from those who we consider "others" or rivals to solidify a group identity.
Now, how does this all connect to the early Wajin groups of the 7th century? It is because they did exactly the same thing.
One of the main reasons the Chinese expanded their influence to the Japanese archipelago is due to the incredible growth they experienced. Often dubbed the "Golden Age," through this incredible growth in technology and literature, China soon became the most populous nation in the world at the time. This period, ruled by the Tang Dynasty, was so much farther developed than the Wajin the Chinese called them the "Barbarians of the East." Although the Wajin quickly borrowed much of the Tang Dynasty's ways — such as creating their capital based on the capital of China — they also needed to create their own identity, choosing to diverge based on their collective symbol.
As the Chinese consolidated its influence and power, they began to use the beautiful plum blossom as a symbol of unification. The plum blossom also grows across the Japanese archipelago, but the Wajin did not borrow this from the Chinese. Instead, the Wajin decided to use the cherry blossom as their symbol for unification. A quick Google search will show how minute the difference is between the cherry and plum blossom. One emphasized difference is that the cherry blossom has a split petal, while the plum blossoms do not. Although many won't notice this difference at first, it was crucial for the creation of the Wajin identity in contrast to the powerful Chinese.
This identity around the cherry blossom that was created in reaction to the "plum blossom people" continues to this day; going to see and picnicking under cherry blossom trees are a crucial part of the Japanese culture. As such, the Wajin engaged in what Gregory Bateson called "symmetrical schismogenesis," which emerges from a competitive differentiation of social groups (also seen in the "othering" of soccer and football). But the Wajin also began to engage in another form of schismogenesis called "complementary schismogenesis.
Complementary schismogenesis occurs when categorically unequal people engage in a process of "othering", often at the cost of those who have less power or influence. We observed a good example of this in the upbringing of Napoleon when he isolated himself from his French peers. They emphasized the lesser Corsican "other" in contrast to the dominant French — although Napoleon eventually became "greater".
In the case of the Wajin, they did this internally through the creation of the caste system. Largely influenced by Confucian philosophy and Buddhist dogmas, the Wajin established a 4 tier caste system: the nobility, the warrior (i.e Samurai), the farmers, and the merchants.
However, as in most caste systems, there is also an "outcaste" group. Throughout centuries, these people took on various names such as Eta, Hinin (translates to non-human), or more recently as Burakumin.
This outcaste group was given the role of initially dealing with death (such as cleansing rituals to ward off bad spirits or dead animals) and then later to embody the idea of death entirely. Not only did their jobs involve death (such as executing people, burying the dead, or creating animal products), the Burakumin were ostracized and "othered" as an untouchable group. This presence of another who embodies the idea of death can also help in managing death anxiety.
Ernest Becker called this "transference," in which we transfer the idea of death to something imaginable, tangible, and most importantly, conquerable. Historically death has been transferred to symbols or ideas such as the devil, sin, poverty, disease, primitiveness, purposelessness, and as seen through the case of the Wajin, to other human beings. We are able to manage our death anxiety and become a "hero" by defying, curing, or conquering this "other" who has become the equal to death.
In such ways, the Wajin created their own identity through the means of "othering" themselves both externally (the Chinese) and internally (caste system). However, it was not only the Wajin who looked to assert their distinct identity on the Japanese archipelago, there were many more.
Othering in Times of Unity: The Ambiguity of the Matsumae
While the Wajin were focused down south for much of their history — creating kingdoms and stories that maintained their unique identity — there was a distinct group to the northeast of the Wajin called "Emishi." This term, which can literally translate to "Shrimp Barbarian," was a derogatory term used to refer to the northern inhabitants of mainland Japan by the Wajin.
The Emishi are considered to be people who are genetically and ethnically closely related to the earlier inhabitants of Japan before the rice farmers began mixing. These people are often depicted to look distinctly different from the Wajin, notably being more hairy. They also intermixed and fought with the rice farmers and subsequently the Wajin, but they maintained their distinct identity from the Wajin.
Unlike their Wajin counterparts down south, the Emishi clans did not unify under a single political entity until the 11th century, when a powerful half Wajin, half Emishi warrior came to prominence. Although the main island of Japan (the one that looks like a sausage) entered a time of relative political stability as the north and south "unified", it soon gave way to nearly 2 centuries of war and turmoil.
Around the time the Emishi clans were becoming united up north, the Wajin societies were becoming increasingly wealthy and began to bargain for greater control over their peripheral areas. The emperor of the Wajin was losing influence, and became a symbolic figure who gave power to generals called the "shogun" (think of the Pope blessing a European king). Moreover, as trade with China (now the Ming Dynasty) became more affluent and local lords (called daimyo) were able to gain more wealth, even the shogun began to lose their grip over land and people.
These daimyos came into conflict with each other, especially as earthquakes, famines, or political struggles left their people destitute and hungry. As seen in the first chapter, this is when raiding and conquest become viable options for survival. Such conflicts and economic turmoil erupted into a large scale war in the mid 16th century, triggering what historians call the "Sengoku Jidai" (Warring States Period). A power vacuum ensued and every local lord or clan began to seek to grab more power and land through conquest. Each small group "othered" themselves as the better, more powerful, and righteous ruler of their neighbor.
Of course, the northern Emishi (now largely a 'mixed race' group of Emishi and Wajin) were swept up in this turmoil that lasted well into the beginning of the 17th century. However, with the introduction fo firearms from Portuguese imports, the entire balance of fighting shifted. In a quick succession of wars, the entire island came under the power of Tokugawa Ieyasu — a powerful general who establishes the Tokugawa shogunate.
Having come out of 200 years of constant political and social turmoil, the new leaders of the island eagerly attempted to stabilize the various clans. They did so powerfully by stamping out anyone who may cause trouble, and famously banned Christianity from being practiced or preached. Moreover, the Tokugawa shogunate cautiously monitored trade with foreign entities — especially those of European origin. The later end of the Warring States Period is famously called the "Unification Period of Japan." Now, you may imagine that Japan as a "nation" had emerged from this, but that is far from the truth. The state of the island at this point is a diverse array of independent political, social, and cultural groups being unified under the grip of a powerful leader. To see this, let's look at one of these groups, who were unique to in the way that they continued to assert their difference all the way until Japan actually became a "nation."
A "nation" is defined as "a territorially bounded sovereign polity that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation" (Britannica). What is key in the idea of a nation is that the citizens of the nation believe that they belong in any area within their boundaries. For example, Californias will believe they belong in New York, or people from Moscow can feel "at home" on the island of Sakhalin, and so on. So now, did the newly unified clans of Japan feel they belonged in land on the other side of the island? Not at all. Each clan that had been fighting each other for 200 years still felt as foreign to each other as France is to Italy.
The Matsumae domain is one great example of this, as although they pledged their loyalty to the Tokugawa shogunate, they staunchly sought to maintain their autonomy and unique identity.
The Matsumae family, who were initially a "secondary" family in terms of political presence, came to great power during the years of the unification of Japan. Through bouts of savvy negotiations and successful war contributions, the Matsumae were elevated to take control of the northern most end of mainland Japan.
As mentioned briefly above, the new Tokugawa shogunate was eager to maintain stability on the island and were direly cautious of foreign invasions from their northern and southernmost borders. In accordance with these worries, the Matsumae were tasked with two duties: protect and oversee trade on the northern border.
When you look at a map of Japan today, a large diamond shaped island on the northern end is incorporated as Japanese land. However, at this point in the history of the island, this area was considered foreign land. Moreover, anything north of the Matsumae domain was such a mystery, that it brewed much fear and caution from many of the leaders of the main island. Protecting this border was perceived as such an important task that the Matsumae were exempt from many of the obligations other domains had to perform for the Tokugawa shogunate. Some of these tasks were a heavy tax called the kokudaka and a brutal system called sankin-kotai. Sankin-kotai was a system in which local lords were forced to live in the capital (called Edo) every other year. In addition, the family of the lords was required to live in the capital, essentially held captive as hostages. This was a system imposed to maintain the stability of the island and discourage revolts to disturb the "peace". The Matsumae was exempt from both of these requirements due to the perceived threat of the northern mysteries and dangers, and the importance the Tokugawa felt to maintain this new era of peace. But the question is — was there really a threat?
The people who inhabited the land north of the Matsumae are now called "Ainu", and will be the focus of the next section. Simply put, at this point in history, the Ainu were peaceful groups of people that posed and intended no threat to the Tokugawa borders. In reality, the northern threat was almost entirely made up. The threat came from the imagination of the Tokugawa leaders, who reminisced about the barbaric northern people that fought off the mighty Mongols and their own Wajin predecessors more than 300 years ago. The Matsumae took advantage of this fear, by depicted the inhabitants to the north of their land as aggressive and barbaric beings, needing the control and "iron fist" of the Matsumae to keep them in check.
In fact, the Matsumae knew how little of a threat the Ainu posed to the Tokugawa regime and peace. We can infer this by the army the Matsumae held to "protect" the northern border. Typically, you would imagine that a group whose main role is to protect a border will have a large military ready for combat.
Instead, the Matsumae had no military at all. They only held a small group of warrior class aristocrats and even banned all of their citizens (who consisted mainly of merchants to trade with the Ainu) from holding any weapons. If there was any form of invasion, the Matsumae were the last people you would want to defend your borders. So then, why did the Matsumae build their power and legitimacy on such lies? For economic hegemony and again, schismogenesis.
First, the Matsumae had much to gain by keeping the northern border a mystery. By becoming the "experts" of the northern land and people, they also gained a monopoly over all the trade with the Ainu people. The Ainu provided valuable resources such as animal products, lumber, and even traded goods from mainland China into Japan. In addition to this, the Matsumae were exempt from the obligation of cultivating rice. This was largely undesirable for many northern domains as the climate was harsher and made rice cultivation exceedingly difficult.
Second, and possibly more important to the Matsumae, this ambiguous status they maintained with the Tokugawa allowed them to feel independent from the rest. As seen in the case of the Wajin, the Matsumae also identified themselves through "othering." This unique identity most likely stemmed from their categorical difference of a strong Emishi influence.
For example in 1618, Jeronimo de Angelis, a Portuguese missionary to Japan, met with many of the feudal lords of the Tokugawa shogunate. When he met with Matsumae Yoshihiro, the missionary records that the Matsumae boasted how they were not part of the Tokugawa. This perception of otherness continued well into the Tokugawa era, as almost 200 years later, a Matsumae lord is recorded to have continuously asserted their otherness and their land as "foreign" to Japan (Walker 2001:41).
In such ways, although the island of Japan was "unified" under a powerful leader, groups such as the Matsumae went to extended efforts to maintain their autonomy and "foreignness".
The Intentionally Forgotten Others: the Ainu and Ryukyu Islanders
Throughout all of this Wajin and Emishi history, there are more distinct groups who thrived on the land we now consider to be Japanese. Notable among them are the Ainu and Ryukyu Islanders, two groups who lived in the northern and southernmost edges of modern Japanese land. Let's begin with the Ainu.
Today, the Ainu are recognized as the Indigenous group to northern Japan, yet we know that these people have lived on the northern end of Honshu, Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka for about 13,000 years (the latter three are now Russian territory). However "Ainu" is a blanket term used to categorize and homogenize the diverse culture, language, and customs that were erased from history during the Japanese colonial era.
The descendants of the Ainu themselves took on the name of "Ainu" in the 20th century as a way to assert their identity in a world that continued to marginalize them. Historically, most Ainu groups lived in small villages and spoke a distinct language from the Japanese. It is estimated that there are about 19 various languages these peoples used, now clumped together as a single Ainu language with differing dialects. The diversity of the Ainu goes beyond the language into sustenance practices and even religious beliefs. Some groups farmed, others bred horses, while certain groups relied largely on foraging. Notably, the Ainu also have a distinct "look" from the Wajin and many early anthropologists/ethnographers thought they had a European heritage.
The other unique group lived down south, notably on the famous island of Okinawa. These people — often referred to as "Ryukyu Islanders," derived from the Ryukyu Kingdom that emerged on these islands — are also culturally and ethnically distinct from that of the Wajin. Similar to the Wajin treatment of the Emishi and Ainu, the Ryukyu people were often depicted as barbaric and lesser than themselves. Regardless, for hundreds of years the people who inhabited these islands staunchly asserted their own identity and autonomy in the face of major foreign powers such as the Wajin, Koreans, and Chinese.
The Ainu and Ryukyuans maintained their autonomy well into the 19th century, alongside many other Wajin domains under the siege of the Tokugawa regime. Each group told their own stories and found a place to belong in this mortal world separately. However, a sudden and immense existential threat towered over the Japanese, breaking the relative peace that existed for the past 250 years.
THE BLACK SHIPS AND DREAMING OF PEACE THROUGH CONQUEST
By the end of the 18th century, the internal workings of the Tokugawa regime began to weaken. Reminiscent of the thermodynamic principle of entropy, the once stable island was entering into a state of chaos. People were becoming increasingly irritated about the powerful grip and strict hierarchy of the shogunate. Groups wanted to become independent and gain autonomy. However, much more consequentially for the Tokugawa regime, external threats ripped apart their illusion of peace, unity, and immortality.
The first great threat was the Opium War, erupting in 1839. The Opium War was a conflict between China (now the Qing Dynasty) and Britain, in which the British ended up claiming Hong Kong as their own in 1842. This greatly startled the Wajin, as China was a powerful nation they idealized in many ways. As aristocrats and intellectuals began speculating on what had happened in China, the second major threat quickly came. In 1853, Commodore Matthew C. Perry from the U.S. Navy arrived at the coast of Tokugawa's capital to make an ultimatum. Perry had come in massive black warships, far more powerful than anything Japan had at that time (in fact, residents of Japan were still using the firearms they got from Portugal 200 years ago). The commodore put forward two options for the Tokugawa: open to trade with the "west," or get attacked by the powerful warships the Wajin had no chance fighting against. The Tokugawa yielded to the powers of the United States in order to survive, but this decision erupted into more internal dysfunction and chaos. The 250 years of unity was instantly broken up into various groups; some wished to learn from the west, others greatly opposed the ceding to the Americans, while some merely looked to consolidate their own power in midst of such chaos.
The islanders needed a new story to tell themselves if they were to stand a chance against the new western threats. For the entirety of their history they were involved in a complex process of schismogenesis to maintain their unique identity from each other; now being threatened to all be squandered by powerful black ships and superior technology. The complete breakdown of what managed their death anxiety and provided them with meaning was imminent.
The New Immortality Story: Reviving the Emperor and the Japanese Enlightenment
Those who rose to power in this time were a group of young aristocrats backed by the support of the long-neglected Yamato emperor. Their goal — similar to that of Napoleon's — was not to accommodate to the new powers but to quickly industrialize, westernize, and withstand the powers that so threaten them. They chose the slogan "Fukoku kyohei," which translates to "Rich country, Powerful army," to propel the island forward into an industrialized powerhouse. This was a complex process that first needed to establish a sense of "nationhood," something that was greatly lacking in the minds of the people who lived on the Japanese islands. They needed to essentially undo the millennia deep processes of schismogenesis.
This "revolution" of the island is called the "Meiji Restoration," which coupled many of the western ideas of progress with uniquely "Wajin" symbols and identities such as their emperor or cherry blossoms. As it may be inferred from this, it was the southern Wajin who quickly consolidated their power and looked to create a new nation called Japan.
The term "Meiji" — which became synonymous with this period of Japan and the name of the newly appointed emperor — translates to "enlightened rule". As suggested by this, the Meiji Restoration can be seen as the Japanese Enlightenment period, where the entire island was swept up by industrialization, expansion of scientific thought, and most importantly, doing away with their "primitive" past.
By this time in most western thought, the idea of progress measured through various developmental stages of human societies was accepted as the truth. Like the 4 stages Turgot proposed, the new Meiji regime saw their Tokugawa past as being "lesser" then the industrial and commercial economy they were attempting to create. But there was a significant problem: most of the people living on the Japanese islands were still "stuck" in Tokugawa times. There was no sense of unity and many local domains still asserted their opposition to the Meiji government.
In a telling episode of how diverse the people were, a young girl from the countryside travelled to Tokyo, but when she overheard the conversations of people there, she "mistook the language she heard… as French" (Caprio 2009:66). As such, if people within the island had trouble merely understanding with each other, how were they to construct a nation that could withstand the powers of the United States or Britain? They needed to assimilate the diverse peoples.
Through an incredible investment into media propaganda and educational reforms, the Meiji government rapidly spread the new ideal of a unified nation. They clearly distinguished between what was considered "civilized" and "primitive". Everything from what to eat, wear, drink, and even read, the government attempted to control. But most important to this effort was to create a new story that unified the people from the northern tip of Japan down to the south; to unify those who spoke and thought such different thoughts that were as foreign to each other as a French individual.
To accomplish this, the Meiji government reinstated the heir of the Wajin emperor back to power. Alongside the propaganda and educational reforms of what is "civilized", they also reintroduced long forgotten myths of the emperor and his god-like status. The emperor was called the "Tenno" (literally "Heavenly Emperor") and claimed to be the direct descendant of the Shinto sun goddess Amaterasu. In accordance with historic records of the Wajin, they preached how the emperor was a living god and that all people on the Japanese island are descendants of him.
This reintroduction of the emperor accomplished two things: to unify the diverse groups on the island into a single "race" and to provide a new story of immortality. By associating themselves with the living god, all Japanese citizens were now able to gain a sense of immortality and death transcendence. Yet problems still remained for the Japanese: their borders were now truly in danger.
Creating Peace through Conquest
Soon after the Meiji Restoration, the new government prepared a group of diplomats to travel the western world and learn their ways. This was called the Iwakura Mission, which was dispatched in 1871 and traveled to the United States and much of Europe. The journal entries and reports from this travel provide us with great insight into how the new Meiji government learned to view the world, and the role they must play as the only yellow nation to protect themselves from the invasion of the white ones.
Although the travel inspired many renovations to the social structure of Japan, one of the main influences was on Japan's colonial activity. It is no exaggeration to say that the Japanese learned and copied the colonial, assimilation, and expansion strategies from the western nations they closely observed during this mission. The historian of the trip, Kume Kunitake, had some insights he shared during their trip through England. Historian Mark Caprio (2009) summarizes his observations:
Pondering the question of why civilized countries continued to prepare for war, Kume wrote that civilized people must retain standing armies not because they have yet to emerge from barbarism but because barbarian people relish battle (63).
Caprio further comments on Kume's insights:
To achieve internal security, the state must guide its people to "be at peace with one another, [to] work hard at productive enterprises, [to] be imbued with the spirit of patriotism and [to] regard it as shameful to submit to another country." The state must also secure its periphery: "A country which was threatened by no enemies on land or sea on any side and had no need of an unproductive army to maintain domestic peace would be a happy land indeed." (ibid).
The basic idea was that if there are no enemies, "domestic peace" would be achieved. It is necessary for the peace and safety of the nation to "secure its periphery," a.k.a colonize, assimilate, or annihilate others. Taking this to heart, the Meiji government annexed the peripheral islands of Hokkaido and Ryukyu Islands — inhabited by the Ainu and the Ryukyuans — to assimilate them as they were simultaneously assimilating people on the main island.
In this way, the new anxiety buffering story was cultivated through the example of the west. They looked to rid of all death reminding "others" through assimilation (and often resulted in attempted annihilation), while creating a hero system rooted in the idea of the divine emperor and powerful economy.
Yet applying this learned ideology of "peace" through conquest has not and did not work as smoothly as many Japanese aristocrats believed. Different perceptions of the world will always exist, often in opposition to the hero system coercively pushed upon another. In this way, Japan attempted to undo the incredibly complex identities cultivated through means of schismogenesis, only to create more reason for those to "other" themselves. The Ainu, Burakumin, Ryukyuans, Koreans, Taiwanese, Chinese, and many more who were subject to the Japanese/Wajin assimilation policies resisted and fought back.
Yet such opposition would have threatened the newly born, fragile worldview, so the Japanese clamped down even more, pushing their narrative of the world, meaning of life, and their definition of death onto others. Soon, assimilation gave way to annihilation; this resulted in the horrid warcrimes of the Nanking Massacre, Kamikaze suicide bombers, and the thousands of deaths that emerged from this hastily constructed cultural story.
This reactionary defense of the Japanese in response to the western threats gave way to the new narrative of a homogenous Japan. But to assume that this had ended with the Second World War is far from the truth. The nation has held on to this story; mitigating death anxiety for some, while derogating and marginalizing others.
Remnants of the Homogenous Dream
As seen in the opening quote, many Japanese politicians and citizens continue to assert and dream of being a homogenous nation. Although Imperial Japan ceded many of their colonies after being defeated in World War 2, the island nation still claims Hokkaido and the Ryukyu Islands as their own. It was only recently that the Japanese government acknowledged the Ainu as an Indigenous group, while largely ignoring the Ryukyuan's unique culture and history. Moreover, many people who originate from Imperial Japan's colonies remain on the nation. They are continuously subject to much ostracism, but the Korean Diaspora are among those who suffer the most.
After the war, Koreans who were forcefully brought to Japan lost their official citizenship. Until today, descendants of these forced laborers to Imperial Japan cannot gain full citizenship. Rampant discrimination ensued, and for a while, 50% of all Koreans in Japan were unemployed. Koreans in Japan continue to have higher suicide rates than their Japanese counterparts, as well as being treated unequally from schools or employers (Kim 2021). Such incidents of discrimination and marginalization are shared among other minority groups such as the Ainu or Ryukyuans; unfortunately these stories are brushed under the white sheets of "homogeneity".
Japan continues to deny their colonial past and actions, while maintaining the myth of homogeneity that emerged during this time.
The nation of Japan was born through a defensive response to imminent existential threat posed by the technological superiority of the west. Because of the long standing history of "othering", a new story of unity and death transcendence needed to be strung together. Coupling ideas from their new western examples and utilizing their own stories (such as the emperor or cherry blossoms), the Japanese created a story of continuous expansion and assimilation.
However this story was unable to achieve its goal, as the idea of "a country which was threatened by no enemies on land or sea on any side and had no need of an unproductive army to maintain domestic peace would be a happy land indeed"serves no real answer to the fundamental question. Moreover, this idea was almost counterintuitive to the immortality system they created through the image of the divine emperor. If only the Japanese were descendants of the emperor, how in the world could they truly assimilate those who are different such as the Ainu or Koreans?
The continued insistence of the Japanese people in adhering to this cultural worldview is not only marginalizing and making their minority groups suffer, but is also taking a toll on their own.
Suicide, gruesome work hours, unhappy relationships, extreme social isolation, and game/porn/alcohol addiction are only a few of the many problems the Japanese face today. All of these problems have been understood to be due to a lack of meaning and belonging in peoples lives. With this inadequate cultural buffer of death, people must distract themselves with the menial or succumb to the immobilizing terror of their own mortality. The ontological fear hides behind the noisy streets of "techno-super world" Japan, only to come and haunt those who can not remain distracted.
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Ainu Ethnogenesis and State Evasion (12th-17th Centuries)
This paper was published in The Asia Pacific Journal: Japan Focus on July 1st 2022, also available as a PDF
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The Soviet Union, the "Tartars," and Wayne State University
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Hosanna Fukuzawa © 2023
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text:
In 1264 Feb 23, Ralph de Bakepuz was granted, by Henry III, (In year 48 of his reign) a Royal licence to crenellate Ceddre (Cheddar Manor of Ralph Bakepuz)
Licence for Ralph de Bakepuz and his heirs to enclose his house of Ceddre, co. Somerset, with a wall of stone and lime, and to crenellate it at their will. (CPR)
Granted at Canterbury.
This house can not have been the Cheddar palace but some other manor in the parish; there seem to have been four altogether. Unfortunately the presence of the palace has rather overwhelmed the historical and archaeological record of the manor and Gatehouse has not identified Ralph's manor.
If a sub manor and if Ralph was a younger son then confirmation of ownership may be the prime reason for the licence.
Lyte, H.C. Maxwell (ed), 1910, Calendar of Patent Rolls (1258-66) p. 382 online copy
Ralph de Bakepuz
Ralph does appear as a witness on several of the Charters issued by Henry III (Maitland), which means he was either a courtier and/or a government clerk. The Bakepuz family date to the Conquest, a Ralph (de Bacquepuis) is recorded as an under-tenant of Henry de Ferrers for a few manors (but not Cheddar) in Domesday. From what little biographical detail there is this Ralph seems to have been a younger son and did not inherit the Bakepuz properties, of which the caput seems to be Kingston Bagpuize, Berkshire (VCH Berks. Vol. 4)
Biographical source include;
Maitland, F. W., 1893, 'History from the Charter Roll' The English Historical Review Vol. 8 p. 726-33


There's this magical thing that happens when you slice up a loaf of challah: yeasty cumulus clouds fill the board! The braided kosher egg bread is so beautifully golden and perfect for french toast that it makes any cloudy day feel sunny. Since I had the eggs blown out from my little seasonal decorating project, I made my Orangina French Toast and decided to share the recipe here.
I went through a phase a while back using fizzy beverages in my cooking (Limonata, Jarritos, Ginger Ale, you name it). In my head it perks up anything; who knows if something really is happening there. I may just like the excuse to purchase single soda bottles, add a portion to the recipe, and finish drinking it while cooking (if you cook with wine, you know what I am talking about). The first time I had Orangina was at the rooftop cafe of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. Needless to say, it was a good day.
Since Christmas, I have been keeping my new recipes and cards in the book in the first picture: a gift from my brother-in-law's folks! I will treasure it till the cows come home.
Whisk together first four ingredients. Soak challah in mix for several minutes. Sprinkle with zest and splash with Orangina. Melt one tablespoon of butter (sub oil or use bacon drippings) in skillet. Fry orange clouds over medium heat until golden. Dust with powdered sugar, fruit, or your fav. light amber syrup. Buongiorno!
I miss Orangina! The first time I had it was in the south of France on a high school trip with my French class. So refreshingly delicious. I miss it.
I hear you! I gasped out loud when I saw it at the local grocery store here. P.S. I would looove to visit the south of France before I die. How wonderful!
I was able to visit when I was in the Navy. Kinda not the same..but still nice.
This looks tasty and what a fun idea-cumulus clouds! Have to remember this one.
This looks like a great version of my favorite breakfast food! Can't wait to try it.
let me know the opinion of the jury!
you're welcome. hope you have the chance to try it out for yourself!
Many thanks. Breakfast tomorrow: checked off the "to plan" list!
wow, that looks great. My kids would love it. Thanks for the recipe.
Ooh, I'll have to try that!
I always make French toast, I never even thought of using orange flavours. Looks and sounds delicious! I'm looking forward to Sunday brunch already!
I don't even know what Orangina is!! Off to Google it so I can make these.
Looks good… Thanks for the recipe!
Looks excellent! I've been trying to think of something special to make my mom on Mother's Day…I think these'll be perfect.
yes, and pretty simple. hope you have a great time together.
FABUOUS!! Definitely putting this on the list for a Sunday breakfast!
Such a creative idea. Love it!
really impressive! I make a good cook but a sad baker…sorta kinda jealous. congrats of making Freshly Pressed!
This looks amazing! I may just have to run out to the grocery store to jazz up breakfast in the morning!
Wow! They absolutely do look like clouds. Delicious, edible clouds. Great photos too, thanks for sharing.
Rocking recipe! I just introduced my daughter to Orangina the other day – I shall make this recipe soon and I hope it tastes as exquisite as you have beheld it in your wonderful writing!
Nice idea and great presentation. We loved Orangina growing up and visiting France every year (from the UK) and now my kids love it too. Don't think I can get it on my Carribean island though, but will check.
Hi, cute post! Does the fizz in the Orangina do anything for the french toast batter? Make it lighter?
not really sure, but I like the taste!
mmm. orangina! I can almost taste that french toast, those pics are mouthwatering!
This looks seriously delicious! And that recipe book is the most attractive inanimate object I think I've seen in a long time 😉 Congratulations too on your amazing food photography: it's such a challenging medium. Fantastic post – will definitely be trying this, thanks!
I know! Megan, the inside pages are so colorful too. Hope you enjoy the French Toast.
GREAT IDEA! i love it and can't wait to give this recipe a try!
Awww.. I love clouds, and I love your cloud-shaped toast more! Thanks for sharing. The post really makes my day sunny! 🙂 Keep up the good work!
thank you, and more sunny days to you.
I like mine with butter and nutella!
Orangina is the BEST! I'm trying this… can't wait.
Oh man. My mouth is watering. Congratulations on being Freshly Pressed!
My mouth is watering lol I shall make this for breakfast sometime!
Novel idea! I liked Orangina for about two weeks in 1993. It's a bit of a mystery where it was before and after those two weeks. Now, if you can concoct something with Royal Crown and Virgin Cola, I'd be curious.
I'm going to bed right now so I can wake up early and make some of your great challah french toast. Great photos.
Mmm… can't wait to try it!
Simply divine and mouth-watering. Thank you for sharing this!
So cute and I ALWAYS want french toast!
Yay. What fun and creative recipe. I love orange zest and have not used it with French toast. Glad to have found your blog.
Looks delicious – I think the cloud shapes make a delightful presentation…I love everything about France and can't wait to go back. Will check back to see more of your blog soon.
thank you! I hope to visit France someday myself.
I just saw a similar idea the other day – first time I even thought of using challah for French toast because it's quite the opposite to French toast I know – soft. Looked really moorish though, and this extra twist on it that you've added…clouds…wonderful! Love the orange idea too! Thanks for sharing!
get thee to a grocery 🙂 happy saturday to you.
Reblogged this on Summer's Blog.
This is wonderful! Once in a desperate attempt for a mimosa, I tried using Orangina. It was an all around failure, so it's great to see an actual recipe for that orange-y goodness.
Such a cute idea! Thanks for sharing and congrats on FP!
Looks amazing. Beautiful photos, too.
How I love Orangina and French Toast! Great post and congrats on FP!
I'm a bit of a french toast fiend, orange is a clever new flavor to add.
Taste must be delicious.. brioches?
Another reason to love french toast!
Those look so cute and delicious. It really would feel like a sunny morning if you ate them with those golden brown eggs. Nom nom nom!
Ah, man, seeing that maple syrup drenched over that orange French toast, my mouth is watering.
YUMMY!!! I love challah bread and making french toast with it is delicious!!!
Love anything with Orangina. Thank you for sharing this!!!
you're welcome, Jan. thanks for popping by my blog!
Looks really nice, great idea!
Yummmm! I've never had french toast with orange peel in it but it seems like some zest would be really delicious. Great post.
Yummy! I love oranges and an orange flavoured french toast is definitely worth a try! I can't wait to try them in my kitchen.. Thanks for sharing 🙂 we don't get orangina here but any orange flavoured soda should do right?
orange soda would be great!
Wonderful presentation. I will have to enjoy some for breakfast this morning.
Beautiful pics and the toast looks so yummy!
The first time I encountered Orangina was at a sidewalk cafe in Paris. Everytime I see Orangina, it brings back memories – love it! Thanks for sharing this memory.
sidewalk cafe in Paris sounds lovely, lovely.
I love french toast and love orangina so this sounds and looks delicious 🙂 Thank you for the great idea.
you're welcome – hope you have fun with it.
Love, love, love this blog and your writing style! That french toast has my stomach growling terrible now. Just stopping by to say hi. Would love if you visited my Advice Column http://askjanegold.wordpress.com – Just getting started up today!
Hi Jane Gold! thanks for stopping by. best wishes in your new venture!
Wow, these look like some pretty epic recipes! Seem like great summer dishes, thanks!
Perfect way to start a Sunday morning!
What a great idea! I'm totally making myself a loaf of challah tonight. My kids will die when they see this.
hope the kids liked it!
Boo. I only had multigrain flour so I didn't make the challah. But I will! And when I do, they'll love it.
ohhhh.. I can't wait to veganize this recipe…this looks SOOOO good!!
awesome. please leave a comment one you've transformed the recipe so I can link back for the vegan world!
Adorable! Love it 🙂 I've been needing some new recipes for work, and this one looks like it'd be a fun alternative to our normal French Toast! Thanks for sharing!
I love to bake, and make french toast quite often… never thought of making it with challah bread… love the shape it makes! But, isn't it too soft? Does it get soggy? I've also never thought to use bubbly drinks in baking.. but I'm totally gonna try it! We can get Orangina, even here in Idaho, lol.
Hello, Idaho! The challah is normally a few days old, so it's not too soft. If it's fresh, I might toast it before soaking it in the liquid mixture. I suppose it's possible to get soggy, so just gauge how much liquid you are putting on the bread.
Oh.. and by-the-by…. we never-ever use maple syrup on our french toast. We put butter, then powdered sugar (which partly melts into the butter and partly gets crunchy, sort of hard to explain) then cinnamon on top. It's fantastic! It's the only way I like to eat it! I've tried syrup but don't care for it (on pancakes, sure!) My family has always done it this way… does anyone else?
I love cinnamon on top!
I only learnt what french toast was a few days ago so I will definitely be trying this out! YUM!
THIS IS AMAZINNGG. YOU MUST SEE THIS MY PRECIOUS READERS!
Dear lord, Orangina AND french toast? Two of my favorite things, kill me now!
stay alive! eat orangina french toast!
Would you mind posting that cloud pic with the knife to the Cloud Appreciation Society blog?
I have been thinking of a cookie recipe with some pop lately… please share when you come up with something!
banana bread makes yummy french toast!
Challah makes the best french toast! Love the clouds! Congratulations on being Freshly Pressed.
I agree… in any flavor variety!
What a FANTASTIC idea!!! Orangina! Thank you! That will definitely be on this weekend's list.
you're welcome…. the weekend's a-comin'!
looks a little too good!
This looks so cool! I really want to try it! My friend loves to bake I'll have to give her the recipe!
Words cannot express how much I love the fact that this bread slices into the shapes of clouds! I love it.
Looks and sounds good! Never would have thought to use Orangina like that. Same with challah.
I will absolutely have to make this recipe. I make my own challah and add orange zest to the dough, can't wait to try this one of these weekends.
your challah sounds delicious. especially as cinnamon toast!
What a neat idea! Do you make your own challah? I like Orangina too…never thought of cooking with it! What does the "fizz" do when you cook it? Congratulations on being Freshly Pressed!
I don't make my own challah, but I would like to!
Good Evening: I didn't have Orangina, but fresh-squeezed OJ worked very well, and these are sensational topped with sliced strawberries and powdered sugar. Thanks!
Oh wow, this is very original. I imagine the orange zest and cinnamon make an interesting pair. The fresh, distinct citric flavor of orange and the light smokiness of the cinnamon should prove to be a pleasant breakfast. Yay for Challah bread!
MMMMM. Well I have my saturday brunch all figured out. Yum!
Oh my….Orangina….sounds divine! I have to make the Challah myself, but when I do will definitely make this! Yuuuuummmmyyyyy!
They look so good! I'm from Italy, so I can found Orangina everywhere, but I never found a recipe with it that was this good!
love this!! i have to make this. looks yummy!
looks yummy! nice way to enjoy your first Orangina. i love your photos!
I will for shore be practicing these for when my son is big enough to eat solids! how cute.
Reblogged this on Open Kitchen.
These are adorable! I couldn't agree more that challah makes for some bomb-diggity French toast. The orange and cloves are a fantastic touch. Well done!
What a great idea. I'll have to try that. I've used Texas Toast which makes deliciously thick french toast but I love that yours look like happy little clouds!
I love this recipe and the way you show, thanks for share, beautiful!


Although I don't comment. I enjoy what you post for us and have missed them in your recent absence. Have the happiest of New Years.
beautiful picture, and a lot less martian than those pictures of red australia... I was missing your posts ! have a wonderful new year.
Great post and great picture! This just reminded me to add you to my blogroll :) Happy new year!


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Scientists continue search for life on Caribbean Sea floor
MASSACHUSETTS (CMC) — A team of oceanographers and astrobiologists in the United States is continuing their "systematic" exploration of one of the deepest points in the Caribbean Sea, searching for life in extreme seafloor environments.
According to Dr Chris German, of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, the scientists are using the hybrid underwater robotic vehicle Nereus in extending their investigations throughout the depths of the Mid-Cayman Rise, which reaches to more than 6,500 metres deep.
German said the month-long study area, also known as the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, is "one of earth's deepest and slowest-spreading mid-ocean ridges" regions where two of earth's tectonic plates are ripped apart and new material wells up from the earth's interior.
"There, our scientists will be searching for and sampling new hydrothermal vent systems' natural, seafloor plumbing systems, where cold seawater circulates down into the hot, freshly formed oceanic crust releasing heat and mineral-rich fluids at the seafloor that support complex ecosystems of exotic organisms," he said in a statement.
By exploring this "extreme and previously un-investigated section of the earth's deep seafloor," German said the research seeks to "extend our understanding of the limits in terms of extreme environments to which life can exist on earth".
In addition, he said the study is aimed at understanding how geologic processes might generate the pre-biotic materials believed to have been an "essential precursor to life on earth, and to help prepare for future efoorts to explore for life on other planets.
German said Robotic Vehicle Falkor will also support a "broad variety of scientific operations during the two legs of this cruise,' including multi-beam mapping.
"Our scientists and engineers have played a part in many of the discoveries that form the modern understanding of the ocean and how it interacts with other parts of the planet, including human society," he said.
Source: http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/


Rainbow's 320 series of In-line chlorinators are designed for permanent installation in the return line of pools or spas. Plumbs into 2 inch or 1.5 inch PVC pipe. Includes threaded and slip 2" x 1.5" reducers to fit either size. Use only slow dissolving Trichlor or Bromine tablets and sticks. The 320 Rainbow chemical feeder includes lid lubricant, additional hose and heavy duty control valve. The Rainbow Automatic Chlorinator is NSF listed.


This is a very nice set of 6 RED tail light assemblies to simulate the popular 1959 caddy. Six complete 1959 Caddy light assemblies that come with the lenses, bezels, mounting plates, wire pigtails & #1157 bulb. These can be used for stop, tail and signals. The dimensions are shown in the photo.


Huttpex 2007 was a New Zealand Post sponsored National Stamp Exhibition held at the Lower Hutt Town Hall Complex between 31 August and 2 September 2007.
Fédération Internationale de Philatélie (FIP) qualifying classes at the exhibition included: Postal History, Aerophilately, Thematic, Revenues, Maximaphily and Youth. As well as the stamp classes there were a number of postcard exhibits.
Non-FIP qualifying classes included: Polar, First Day Cover (first time at a New Zealand National Stamp Exhibition), Cinderella and Youth Development.
These stamps remained on sale until 30 August 2008.


Nov 29, 2004· ment of Myanmar," the spokesperson said, but declined to give further infor- ... the online rumour-mill is still a pow- erful force. One Muslim man, Ko Zaw Min Tun from the education centre Tip Top, blamed some extremists for ... cushioned insoles .
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Con acted with tbe mill is a team ttcire, Grist Mil, Store, eight Dwelling Homes, Battu, Mill and other buildin-s. A'so an excT i lent Farm ot ab'ut one hundred acres, which will ba aoid r wt'tj the mil s or separate',> For 'urstter partijulari *ppiv ' toC K KING Tr ssorer.
Full text of "Practical Electronics 1968 April"
Kodi Archive and Support File APK MS-DOS Community Software IPA Software Vintage Software CD-ROM Software. Console Living Room. Software Sites Tucows Software Library CD-ROM Software Library CD-ROM Images Shareware CD-ROMs Apple Computer ZX Spectrum. ... Full text of "Practical Electronics 1968 April"
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New Here - Thanks for the Support View Thread Posted by Lizbeth D. on 2/01/06 at 15:30 It's hard to track down all the replies to my postings because of this particular forum format, so I'd just like to post a collective thank-you.
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Full text of "Johnston High School Yearbook 1995"
Aug 11, 2005· Oh, you're quite welcome. Newsgroups do tend to go a bit stale over time and need an infusion of new blood. That had also happened to soc.history.medieval.
Full text of "Practical Electronics 1966 August"
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The F/W collection of Estelle Yomeda is dedicated to the famous french actress, Arletty, icon of a parisian style. I have already come many times to her pretty boutique but I can't make a decision. I think you know what I mean.
Estelle Yomeda, 4 rue de Normandie 75003 Paris, Tuesday to Saturday, from 11:30 am to 19:30 pm.


text:
The Natural History of Chocolate Being a Distinct and Particular Account of the Cocoa-Tree, its Growth and Culture, and the Preparation, Excellent Properties, and Medicinal Vertues of its Fruit By: D. Quélus
Transcriber's note:
Spelling is inconsistent and has been neither modernised nor corrected.
In the original, footnotes are marked with lower case letters, numbers, or asterisks. In this transcription, the asterisks have been replaced by the number of the page on which the footnote appears.
Contractions (such as atq; for atque) have not been expanded.
THE Natural HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE:
A Distinct and Particular Account of the COCOA TREE, its Growth and Culture, and the Preparation, Excellent Properties, and Medicinal Vertues of its Fruit.
Wherein the Errors of those who have wrote upon this Subject are discover'd; the Best Way of Making CHOCOLATE is explain'd; and several Uncommon MEDICINES drawn from it, are communicated.
Translated from the last EDITION of the French , By R. BROOKES, M. D.
The SECOND EDITION.
Printed for J. ROBERTS, near the Oxford Arms in Warwick Lane . M DCC.XXX.
If the Merit of a Natural History depends upon the Truth of the Facts which are brought to support it, then an unprejudiced Eye Witness is more proper to write it, than any other Person; and I dare even flatter myself, that this will not be disagreeable to the Publick notwithstanding its Resemblance to the particular Treatises of Colmenero [1], Dufour [2], and several others who have wrote upon the same Subject. Upon examination, so great a Difference will appear, that no one can justly accuse me of having borrow'd any thing from these Writers.
This small Treatise is nothing but the Substance and Result of the Observations that I made in the American Islands , during the fifteen Years which I was obliged to stay there, upon the account of his Majesty's Service. The great Trade they drive there in Chocolate , excited my Curiosity to examine more strictly than ordinary into its Origin, Culture, Properties, and Uses. I was not a little surprized when I every day discover'd, as to the Nature of the Plant, and the Customs of the Country, a great Number of Facts contrary to the Ideas, and Prejudices, for which the Writers on this Subject have given room.
For this reason, I resolved to examine every thing myself, and to represent nothing but as it really was in Nature, to advance nothing but what I had experienced, and even to doubt of the Experiments themselves, till I had repeated them with the utmost Exactness. Without these Precautions, there can be no great Dependance on the greatest Part of the Facts, which are produced by those who write upon any Historical Matter from Memorandums; which, from the Nature of the Subject, they cannot fully comprehend.
As for my Reasonings upon the Nature, Vertues, and Uses of Chocolate, perhaps they may be suspected by some People, because they relate to an Art which I do not profess; but let that be as it will, the Facts upon which they are founded are certain, and every one is at liberty to make what other Inferences they like best.
As there are several Names of Plants, and Terms of Art used in those Countries, which I have been obliged to make use of, and which it was necessary to explain somewhat at large, that they might be rightly understood; rather than make frequent Digressions, and interrupt the Discourse, I have thought fit to number these Terms, and to explain them at the End of this Treatise: the Reader must therefore look forward for those Remarks under their particular Numbers.
[1] De Chocolatâ Indâ.
[2] Du Thé, du Caffe, & du Chocolat.
The First PART.
Chap. I. The Description of the Cocao Tree . Pag. 2
Chap. II. Of the Choice and Disposition of the Place to plant a Nursery. 10
Chap. III. Of the Method of Planting a Nursery, and of its Cultivation, till the Fruit comes to Maturity. 16
Chap... Continue reading book >>
Wikipedia – D. Quélus
Wikipedia – The Natural History of Chocolate Being a Distinct and Particular Account of the Cocoa-Tree, its Growth and Culture, and the Preparation, Excellent Properties, and Medicinal Vertues of its Fruit


Fun and entertainment is not always a demand of children, infact people of every age group like to get fun in their life. Dubai a rich province of United Arab Emirates is a good place to get all time of fun altogether. Here you will find lots of things that can enhance your happiness. Dubai has lots of entertainment option and this is the reason people like to spend their vacations here. In present scenario we can say that it is the most happening city of world. Apart from shopping this place is good for purchasing Gold too.
The Automotive High School in New York City is the first school to join The Great Race – a Global Collaborative Classrooms Project. Two staff members, Joe Ferrari and Tommy Cassino, are also serving as members of The Great Race Advisory Board.


The Grumpy Ecologist: When is a dry wetland good?
waterfowl, as well as passage waders, and hopefully the odd scarcity or two.
attract good birds - but not every year.
And then a look at progress on Ouse Fen. At around 500 hectares when completed, the Hanson-RSPB wetland project at Ouse Fen is set to become the UK's largest reedbed after gravel is extracted. However much of this needs to be imagined at the moment as only the early phases are in place. The photograph above shows the latest phase being landformed. The vehicle on the right is at the bottom of a channel through the future reedbed, the bulldozer is levelling out the base of the reedbed that will eventually be 70 cm under water.
Birds were thin on the ground today; 14 Little Egrets, a Garganey, a Ruff, 2 Hobby, 4 Turtle Doves and a handful of Teal were the highlights.
I realise it's a bit violent and against the orthodoxy but I've often wondered if ploughing parts of these scrapes (from a light harrowing to get a few annual weeds going through to a deep ploughing + harrowing to get some nutrients back into circulation) wouldn't be more effective than the supposed remineralization that takes place when the marshes are left to dry out in summer. The Grumpy Ecologist is old enough to remember the productivity of the back-filled pit sites in the Lee Valley (seed wise) and I can assure you that Italian scrapes (both grazed and ungrazed) that dry out pretty well completely on an near-annual remain close-to-crap compared with the initial boom year or two.
Completely agree with you Touty, more disturbance would be good. However, many sites become scared of the views of visitors (including birders). Despite your comments on Italian scrapes, I think many European countries manage these temporary wetlands better than we do.


text:
By Ranchsauce Albums, Audio, Reviews March 26, 2011
Phutureprimitive – Kinetik Review
Artwork by Android Jones
Three years back, while I was a sophomore in college, I began to build up a large collection of digital music. After amassing my first double-digit gigabyte Itunes library, I realized that the sky – or my laptop's 160 GB memory – was the limit. It was around this time that I discovered the wonder of large external hard drives. Saul Castegnello of HeadzWillRoll.com had graciously allowed me to transfer all of the music I did not already have from his external to mine. Classic Dubstep, Garage and Drum n Bass quickly became part of my everyday. I had been put on the fast track to popular and soon-to-be-popular names in electronic music. To this day, the album that I feel is my most fortunate acquisition in that extraordinary swap of beats is Phutureprimitive's first, Sub Conscious (2004).
Phutureprimitive's (Rain) sound was completely new to me, and Sub Conscious remains one of the most influential albums in my life. It has been a part of every DJ set I have played, no matter the setting or circumstance. Phutureprimivtive's sound connects with our primal impulses while indulging our yearning for the technological.. It was released while I was still a hoodrat in high school, with no idea what a "beat" even was. Since discovering it, I have been waiting for so long for Rain to reach out to the public, produce new music, and integrate a live band dynamic. In the past year he has done all of those things.
Now he's released his long-awaited sophomore LP Kinetik March 15th via his own imprint, Native Harmonix. On Kinetik, Rain explores a heavier, bass-centric sound that adds raw energy to the meticulously detailed tracks this trusted producer is known for.
"This album is a reflection of the times we are living in … hard and aggressive, lush and beautiful, kinetic, frenetic, distorted, ever changing … but with each passing moment, a chance to move through life and make it a better place than we found it." ~Rain
Download your copy of Phutureprimitive's Kinetik here:
Phutureprimitive.bandcamp.com/album/kinetik
Or purchase securely at the following locations:
Kinetik is more future, less primitive. His gnarly tribal demeanor growls over thicker, more driving beats. On "Xotica", tasteful, heavy womps and breaks mesh with sensual vocal sounds. This is bass music with mind-bending production, a smarter heavy sound than some of the music you'd go stomp it out to at a Hard NYC event. "High Rez" is a great example of this synthesis of styles as he lays down thick bass progressions followed by more light-hearted and airy parts.
His music is singular and unique in its approach: Lush melodies drift across intricate rhythms, groove heavy beats and warm, fuzzy bass lines. Often exploring a dark and dense palette, he also manages to convey a sense of tranquility and beauty, engaging the listener into hypnotic movement and often escalating toward a physical experience. Conceived and produced in a digital environment, the music manages to convey more humanity and organic warmth than typically found in an often cold and sterile genre. Shimmering with cinematic qualities, he speaks to both the mind and body.
On "Disappear", you hear a song fit for a very moving scene in a movie. A low, truncated undertone moves inconspicuously beneath the waning and buzzing sounds. A tranquil voice reminds us that "Every moment is made to disappear," and pleads "So pull me under, drag me over. Never let me go." Rain has tapped into his humanity on this album, speaking directly to people. The music has a special energy pumping through it, Kinetik energy.
In support of this release, he embarks on a 24-show tour across North America with fellow sonic mastermind Ott.
Kinetik will be available for download through phutureptimitive.bandcamp.com, as well as at all major online retailers and limited physical copies will be available on the tour. See the dates below..
Phutureprimitive.com
Phutureprimitive.bandcamp.com
Myspace.com/phutureprimitive
Press Inquiries and Radio Requests:
ian@autonomousmusic.org
Tour Dates w/ OTT:
March 11, 2011: Agave – Avon, CO
March 12, 2011: three20touth – Breckenridge, CO
March 13, 2011: Ghost Ranch Saloon – Steamboat Springs, CO
March 15, 2011: George's Majestic – Fayetteville, AR
March 16, 2011: Bottleneck – Lawrence, KS
March 17, 2011: 2720 – St Louis, MO
March 18, 2011: Majestic Live – Madison, WI
March 19, 2011: Kinetic Playground – Chicago, IL
March 20, 2011: The Loft @ Barfly – Minneapolis, MN
March 23, 2011: Soundlab – Buffalo, NY
March 24, 2011: Middle East Downstairs – Cambridge, MA
March 25, 2011: Canal Club – Richmond, VA
March 26, 2011: Public Assembly – Brooklyn, NY
March 27, 2011: Castaways – Ithaca, NY
March 30, 2011: Proud Larry's – Oxford, MS
March 31, 2011: The Hookah – New Orleans, LA
April 1, 2011: Limelight – Nashville, TN
April 2, 2011: Newby's – Memphis, TN
April 3, 2011: King Plow Arts Center – Atlanta, GA
April 6, 2011: Ukiah Brewing Co. – Ukiah, CA
April 7, 2011: Red Fox Tavern – Eureka, CA
April 8, 2011: 103 Harriet – San Francisco, CA
April 9, 2011: Refuge – Portland, OR
KineticNative HarmonixOttPhutureprimitiveRain
Ranchsauce
Editor-in-Chief / Co-Founder / Social Media Manger of LostinSound.org Gonzo. Mayor of Rage. Cowboy. Openminded. Nightowl. Constant Talker. Lover of this great community we find ourselves a part of. Ranch Poems/Rants/Essays can be found at www.ranchsauce.wordpress.com
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Mr. Bill – Artist Spotlight + Mixes
"This project is based around evocation, I like to write music that excites the ear…


text:
Home Tags Posts tagged with "Mariame McIntosh Robinson"
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Interview with Ms. Mariame McIntosh Robinson, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Ms. Arlene Williams, Vice President, Personal and Business Banking, First Global Bank Limited
by Prashant June 16, 2020
The Caribbean island country of Jamaica is a top draw for tourists seeking a tropical paradise, but it also hosts a stable and growing economy serviced by a dynamic banking sector. Driving the digital transformation is First Global Bank, which has served Jamaican communities ably for the past 50 years. In our interview, President and CEO Mariame McIntosh Robinson and Vice President Arlene Williams describe FGB's vision, values and latest innovations.
Interview with Ms. Mariame McIntosh Robinson, President and CEO, and Mr. Norman Thompson, Vice President Corporate Banking, of First Global Bank
First Global Bank is living up to its name by being the first to introduce a number of banking breakthroughs in Jamaica. True to its mission statement, FGB seeks to empower people to get ahead in life and business. International Banker spoke with its president and CEO, Mariame McIntosh Robinson, and vice president of corporate banking, Norman Thompson, to learn more about what this forward-looking bank is up to these days.