text:
Results of the 2019 school audits
Part 3: Schools in financial difficulty
Report on the results of the 2019 school audits
Part 1: Completing the school audits
Part 2: What did our audit reports say?
Part 4: Matters we identified during our audits
Appendix: Update on progress with our previous recommendations
Uncompleted school audits
Part 3: Schools in financial difficulty Results of the 2019 school audits. https://oag.parliament.nz/2020/school-audits/part3.htm https://oag.parliament.nz/@@site-logo/logo.png
Results of the 2019 school audits.
In this Part, we report on the financial health of schools, those schools considered to be in financial difficulty, and why schools get into financial difficulty.
The data provided in this Part is based on the financial information collected by the Ministry as at 14 October. At this time, the Ministry's database had financial information for 2020 schools.
What we mean by financial difficulty
Most schools are financially sound. However, each year, we identify some schools that we consider to be in financial difficulty.
When we issue our audit report we are required to consider whether the school can continue as a "going concern'" for the next 12 months. This means that the school has sufficient resources to continue to pay its bills for the next 12 months.
When carrying out our "going concern" assessment we look for indicators of financial difficulty. One such indicator is when a school has a "working capital deficit". This means that, at that point in time, the school needs to pay out more funds in the next 12 months than it has available. Although a school will receive further funding in that period, a school might find it difficult to pay bills as they fall due, depending on the timing of that funding.
A school with an overdraft or low levels of available cash is another sign of potential financial difficulty. As we are considering the 12-month period from the signing of the audit report, we will also consider the school's performance and any relevant matters in the period since the year end.
The financial health of schools
At 31 December 2019, the average cash balances5 of all schools was about $287,700 (2018: $281,800). Individual school balances ranged from owing cash of $65,800 to having cash of $6.8 million (2018: owing cash of $20,500 to having cash of $7.1 million). Schools held an average of about $354,300 (2018: $339,200) of investments in longer-term deposits, the maximum being $10.6 million. However, almost a third of schools had no investments.
When reviewing a school's financial position, it is important to consider a school's available cash. By looking at this we can determine whether a school is in a position to continue paying its bills when they are due.
Schools often hold funds on behalf of third parties, including the Ministry for capital projects the school is managing, payments collected from international students for homestay providers, or on behalf of other schools in "cluster"-type arrangements, such as transport networks. If funds held for third parties are excluded, the average cash and investment balances of schools were $568,700. Individual schools range from owing $49,300 to having $10.7 million. Figure 5 shows the levels of school-owned cash and investments held by schools.
Levels of school-owned cash and investments held by schools
The graph shows the number of schools with different levels of school-owned cash and investments. About 5% of schools have school-owned cash and investments of less than $50,000, with nine of these schools having negative balances. Another 10% of schools have balances between $51,000 and $100,000.
Source: The Ministry of Education's school financial information database.
As well as cash held for others, cash and investments might be earmarked for a particular purpose, such as a future building project or school trip, or the school might have outstanding bills. This is why we also consider a school's working capital position (its available funds less the amounts due in the next 12 months) when considering whether a school is in financial difficulty.
In considering the seriousness of the financial difficulty, we usually look at the size of a school's working capital deficit against its operations grant. Although many schools receive additional revenue, this is often through donations, fundraising, or other locally sourced revenue, so it is discretionary. For most schools, the operations grant is the only guaranteed source of income.
At 31 December 2019, we identified 85 (2018: 88) schools with a working capital deficit. Of these:
53 (2018: 55) schools had a working capital deficit between 0% and 10% of the operations grant;
20 (2018: 22) schools had a working capital deficit between 10% and 20% of the operations grant; and
12 (2018: 11) schools had a working capital deficit more than 20% of the operations grant.
Figure 6 shows that decile rating does not affect whether schools are in financial difficulty. It also shows relatively similar results between years, with the higher decile schools (decile 6 and above) showing small increases in schools with working capital deficits in 2019.
Schools with working capital deficits at 31 December 2019, by decile
There are 85 schools with working capital deficits across all deciles. There are 12 schools with working capital deficits greater than 20% of their operations grant, which could indicate serious financial difficulty.
Schools with working capital deficits at 31 December 2019
(2018 figures in brackets)
Schools with working capital deficits greater than 20% of operations grant
Decile 1 9 (9) 1 (2)
Decile 2 10 (14) 2 (2)
Decile 3 9 (10) 3 (0)
Decile 6 11 (9) 3 (1)
Decile 10 10 (9) 1 (1)
Total 85 (88) 12 (11)
The effect of Covid-19 on school finances
As part of our audit, we need to consider subsequent events (see paragraph 2.2). As explained in Part 2, Covid-19 was a significant subsequent event. Because this did not affect the transactions or financial position recorded by the school as at 31 December, no adjustments were needed to school financial statements. However, auditors did need to consider the effect of Covid-19 and the associated disruptions on the school to determine whether it would affect their audit opinion. This included whether it would change the auditor's view of the ability of the school to meet its obligations.
Although schools were closed during Alert Level 4 – and many remained closed once the country moved to Alert Level 3 – the Ministry continued to fund schools. It also provided additional Covid-19-related funding. As a result, we concluded that most schools would not be adversely affected financially by Covid-19.
For schools that usually raise a lot of their revenue locally through donations, fundraising, and international students, we expected to see a significant reduction in revenue. With the closure of the borders, some international students were not able to travel to New Zealand and many that had arrived went home early. The changes in alert levels also made it difficult for schools to organise and hold many of the activities that they usually carry out to raise funds.
The ability of schools to manage a significant drop in revenue depends on their financial situation. However, schools did receive some additional funding in 2020, which would have mitigated against some of the loss of revenue. $20 million of international student transition funding was provided to those schools with international students. This was also the first year of the Donations Scheme, which gave decile 1 to 7 schools an additional $150 per student if they did not request donations. We discuss these further in paragraphs 3.37 and 3.40.
We take all these factors into account when considering whether the school is, or could be, in financial difficulty. However, the international student transition funding was not announced until the end of July when many of our audits would already have been completed.
Schools considered to be in serious financial difficulty
When we have assessed that a school is in financial difficulty, we ask the Ministry whether it will continue to support the school. If the Ministry confirms that it will continue to support the school, the school can complete its financial statements as a "going concern". This means that the school can continue to operate and meet its financial obligations in the near future. If we consider a school's financial difficulty to be serious, we draw attention to it in the school's audit report.
Figure 7 shows 38 schools needed letters of support from the Ministry to confirm that they were a "going concern" for the 2019 school audits (2018: 36 schools). We referred to serious financial difficulty in 18 of those schools' audit reports.
Te Ra School, an integrated school, received a letter of support from its proprietor. The proprietor agreed to provide financial support to the school. We drew attention to this in our audit report.
Schools that needed letters of support in 2019 to confirm they were a "going concern"
Of the 38 schools that needed a letter of support from the Ministry to confirm they were a "going concern", nine schools also had a letter of support in 2018, and seven schools needed a letter of support in 2018 and earlier.
Schools that needed a letter of support in 2019
Schools that needed a letter of support in 2019 and 2018
Schools that needed a letter of support in 2019, 2018, and earlier
Centennial Park School Bathgate Park School Albany Junior High School
Dalefield School Burnside Primary School Cambridge East School
Greerton Village School Green Island School Kadimah School
Howick College Halfway Bush School Mangere Bridge School
Kaihu Valley School Nelson College Omanaia School
Kaikorai Valley College Ōhoka School Tai Tapu School
Kavanagh College Our Lady Star of the Sea School (Christchurch) Waitaki Boys' High School
Kerikeri High School Pukemiro School
Logan Park High School Westown School
Mercury Bay Area School
Meremere School
Nelson Christian Academy
Northcote College
Ponsonby Primary School
Rangikura School
Raphael House Rudolf Steiner Area School
Taranaki Diocesan School (Stratford)
Tauhara Primary School
Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Ngati Ruanui
View Hill School
Wairau Intermediate
Waitara Central School
Source: Information taken from school financial statements and the Office of the Auditor-General's audit reports.
We also identified that Nelson College and Pukemiro School for the 2018 year, and Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Rawhiti Roa for the 2017 year, needed letters of support from the Ministry for previous year audits completed since we last reported.
The number of schools in financial difficulty remains about the same each year (about 40 schools), but they are not always the same schools. Of those schools identified in our report last year, only 14 required a letter of support again this year, with seven needing a letter of support for the past three years or more. Of the remainder, 16 are no longer considered to be in financial difficulty, and the audits of four of the schools are not yet complete.
The potential effects of Covid-19 did not result in significantly more schools being considered to be in financial difficulty. However, this might be different when we complete our 2020 school audits.
Why do schools get into financial difficulty?
Many schools rely on raising funds locally to provide additional funding. In 2019, schools received a total of $499 million of locally raised funds (excluding revenue from international students and hostels). These funds can be from donations, grants, parent contributions for curriculum recoveries or activities, trading revenue, fundraising, and other revenue such as rent for school houses and revenue from use of the school hall. In most cases, these types of revenue are discretionary. Parents and others can choose whether to give donations to the school or support their fundraising efforts.
Some schools also raise funds from international students and hostels – a total of $153 million and $33 million, respectively, in 2019.
For most schools, it can be difficult to suddenly reduce spending if funds that the school is expecting do not eventuate. This is particularly the case when the funding is used for staffing or other expenditure to which the school is already committed. A reduction in funding can occur if the school has a sudden drop in the number of children attending a school (school roll), or because it is unable to raise funds locally, as has been the case this year due to the restrictions brought about by Covid-19.
Staffing levels
Each school is given an entitlement of teachers that the Ministry will fund. The entitlement is based on the size of the school roll. If a school has more teachers than its allocation, it has to either pay them directly from its own funds, or it will exceed its staffing entitlement and have to repay the Ministry for the additional staffing costs incurred. The amount of overuse is recovered from the operations grant the school receives in the following years.
Schools might get into financial difficulty if they do not actively monitor their staffing entitlements or employ teachers in excess of their entitlement. This can happen if the school's roll has dropped and the school does not reduce the number of teachers accordingly. This might be a conscious decision by the school board, which could choose to keep staff on because they expect that the school roll will increase again. However, if the decision to overstaff is maintained for too long this might affect the financial sustainability of the school.
All schools pay non-teaching staff from their operations grant. Schools can also choose to use their operations grant and other funding for additional teachers. As explained above, a school operations grant is its only guaranteed source of funding. If a school uses a large percentage of its operations grant to pay staff, it will need other sources of funding to meet its other operational costs. When schools are unable to generate revenue from other sources as they anticipate, they might have to spend their cash reserves or find themselves in financial difficulty.
More than two-thirds of the schools we identified as being in financial difficulty for 2019 use the equivalent of more than 70% of their operations grant to pay staff (overall, an average of 89%). This was higher than the average for all schools that use the equivalent of 68% of their operations grant to pay staff.
Figure 8 shows salaries funded by schools as a percentage of their operations grant, by decile. The results are similar for all deciles. However, deciles 9 and 10 have more schools funding salaries that are equivalent to more than 100% of their operations grant. Two-thirds of these schools are funding salaries equivalent to up to 120% of their operations grant.
Payments to board-funded staff as a percentage of the school's operations grant, by decile
The table shows the percentage schools in each decile use their operations grant to fund staffing costs. The percentage reflects the payments for board-funded staff in relation to the schools' operations grant. The table shows the number of schools in each category.
Percentage of operations grant schools use to pay staff
100% +
Number of schools
Decile 1 1 21 80 67 20 6 195
Decile 3 4 14 72 76 26 13 205
Decile 4 4 9 57 81 34 9 194
Decile 10 1 11 57 75 40 31 215
Total 18 141 621 783 312 145 2020*
* Number of schools entered into the Ministry's database of schools' financial statements, as at October 2020.
Source: The Ministry of Education's financial information database.
About half of the schools that use the equivalent of more than 100% of their operations grant to pay staff have international students. We have identified only seven of these schools as being in financial difficulty. The 24 schools that are funding salaries equivalent to more than 150% of their operations grant are mostly state-integrated schools or special education schools that receive additional funding for staff.
Revenue from international students
For 2019, 5116 (2018: 551) schools received revenue from international students. This totalled $153 million for the year. Figures published by the Ministry show a total of 22,895 international students attended New Zealand schools during 2019, 5225 at primary or intermediate schools and 17,700 at secondary, composite, or special schools.7
Although schools will incur additional costs for the international students, these are small in relation to the fees charged. For this reason, most schools report a large surplus on this type of revenue. In 2019, the total surplus recorded by schools was $81 million, an average of $158,033 for each school. Figure 9 shows that more higher decile schools have international students and the average surplus those schools are making on international education is higher than the lower decile schools.
Revenue and surplus from international students by decile
The table shows the total revenue and surplus recorded by schools in each decile. More higher decile schools have international students and the average surplus recorded by higher decile schools from international education is higher.
Revenue from international students $m
Surplus from international students $m
Average surplus per school
Decile 1 3 0.2 0.1 41
Decile 2 17 1.4 0.8 48
Decile 6 53 11.7 5.6 106
Decile 7 75 23.1 11.1 148
Decile 10 93 28.9 18.6 200
Total 511 153.2 80.8 158
We reported last year on the risks of relying heavily on revenue from international students. Those concerns have been realised in 2020 with the closure of New Zealand's borders. For most schools with international students, the revenue from those students was equivalent to less than 10% of the school's total expenditure (excluding teachers' salaries and notional rents, which are funded directly by the Ministry). However, we identified that for 2019 the revenue for 42 schools was equivalent to more than 20% of the school's total expenditure (excluding teachers' salaries and notional rents). The school that recorded the highest percentage had international student revenue representing 49% of its total expenditure.
The drop in revenue for 2020 for those schools with international students, which will most likely continue into 2021, could have a significant effect if the schools are unable to reduce their expenditure. This will be partly mitigated by $20 million of international student transition funding announced at the end of July as part of a recovery plan for international education, which was allocated to schools that have international students. This funding was not intended to replace missing revenue but to ensure that staff could be retained to provide pastoral care to those students still in New Zealand and help schools to transition to a future reduction in revenue from this source.
Reliance on other locally raised funds
Another likely effect of the Covid-19 pandemic is a reduction in locally raised funds. Because of school closures and uncertainties about holding large gatherings, many fundraising events have been cancelled or put on hold. The economic impact of Covid-19 and the associated uncertainties could also mean that parents and communities may be less willing or able to contribute towards school activities and events, as they may have been in the past.
Figure 10 shows that the total amount of funds raised locally by schools, $499 million (excluding international student and hostel revenue), differs between deciles.
Total locally raised funds collected in 2019, by decile
The table shows the total locally raised funds recorded in school financial statements for each decile. The locally raised funds collected by decile 9 and 10 schools is significantly higher than the other deciles.
The impact of a possible reduction in locally raised funds will be mitigated, in part, for those decile 1 to 7 schools that opted into the Donations Scheme. This scheme gives the schools additional funding of $150 for each student if the school agrees not to ask parents for donations, except for overnight trips such as school camps. For 2020, 92% of decile 1 to 7 schools opted into the scheme.
The schools that opted into the scheme collected $36 million in donations in 2019. If we compare the donations collected in 2019 with the expected extra funding based on the school's roll for those schools, we estimate that for 75% of schools the additional funding will compensate for the loss of donations, based on previous experience. However, we are aware that schools often record some donations and contributions from payments as "activities" revenue in their financial statements, so this analysis might not have taken into account all parent donations received by the schools.
Whether schools that have relied heavily on locally raised funds, including international student revenue, will get into financial difficulty will depend on the strength of their financial position – that is, whether they have cash reserves they can use, and whether they can put plans in place to reduce spending. Our analysis identified that many schools have healthy cash and investment balances, although these schools might be holding these funds for a particular purpose. It is important that schools budget carefully and take action to reduce their spending if they need to. There is still uncertainty and schools might not be able to rely on the funding sources they have in the past, particularly the international student market.
5: This includes funds held in school bank accounts and on term deposit for three months or less.
6: Schools with international student revenue according to the Ministry of Education's information database as at 14 October 2020. The Export Education Levy: Full-year statistics 2019 on the Education Counts website states that 635 schools provided education to international students in 2019. The 635 includes all New Zealand schools, including privately funded schools.
7: Export Education Levy: Full-year statistics 2019. Figures include all New Zealand schools.
Summary PDF (957KB, 1 pages)
Media kit (14 items)
Annual audit highlights


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Euconocephalus acuminatus är en insektsart som först beskrevs av Johan Christian Fabricius 1775.  Euconocephalus acuminatus ingår i släktet Euconocephalus och familjen vårtbitare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Noter

Vårtbitare
acuminatus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ah, it's a change of seasons – cooler weather, pumpkin spice and falling leaves (or if you are in the Southern Hemisphere like me – things are warming up and new life abounds!). Our Suite Bloggers are sharing their favorite Autumn themed posts this week.
These were our 3 top performing posts from our last linkup which was all about Back to School.


If you wish to ensure that damaged locks are fixed professionally, then our Demarest, New Jersey locksmiths, is the right option. Don't just call any locksmith to repair your locks. Call those who canprofessionally fixthemsuccessfully. Aside from repairing, damaged locks, you can also depend on our Locksmiths in Demarest, NJ in installing, new locks. So, whenever you lose your car keys or you can't find your door keys, call our Emergency Locksmiths in Demarest, New Jersey and we will give you new ones instantly. Our professionals are professional and they are not naive with regards to fixing or unlocking office safes. Contact us today and the next thing you will see within 10 minutes is our team of experts waiting to repair your locks. You can also make the most of our 24 hour Locksmiths in Demarest to fix damaged or broken locks within 24 hours.
When you are running on a tight budget, then contacting Cheap Locksmiths in Demarest, NJ is the perfect option. We deal in installing and repairing pool gates locks, magnetic locks, decorative locks and master locks. Our locksmith services also include changing, installing and repairing all door accessories and hardware. We also provide emergency lockout services for home, offices or vehicles. We do our jobs professionally. Let our locksmiths manage your locks professionally today.


text:
Q: How to use shared preferences to save checkBoxes selection in Recycler View? I used checkBox in Recycler View , While checkBox is selected ArrayList favorite is filled up with new Item from ArrayList list_items according to position , when click on favorite button the Recycler View is filled with ArrayList favorite but selection of checkBoxes is gone , and when onBackPressed is selected Recycler View appear filled with ArrayList list_items without selected checkBoxes , I tried shared preferences to solve this and also keep checkBoxes selection if I close the app but didn't succeed
    class RecyclerView_dAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {

private List<List_Item> list_items;
private ArrayList favorite = new ArrayList();
private List<List_Item> favorite_itemes = new ArrayList<>();
private Context context;

RecyclerView_dAdapter(List<List_Item> list_Item, Context context) {
list_items = list_Item;
this.context = context;
}

@Override
public RecyclerView_dAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.row_item, parent, false);
return new ViewHolder(v);
}

@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(final RecyclerView_dAdapter.ViewHolder holder, final int position) {
final List_Item current = list_items.get(position);
final String name = current.getName();
holder.TextName.setText(name);

 holder.TextName.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(context, Show_Team_Activity.class);
        intent.putExtra("Team_num", name);
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }
});
holder.favorite_checkBox.setChecked(favorite_itemes.contains(current));
holder.setItemClickListener(new ItemClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(View v, int pos) {
        CheckBox chk = (CheckBox) v;
        if (chk.isChecked()) {
           favorite_itemes.add(list_items.get(pos));
            chk.setChecked(true);
        } else if (!chk.isChecked()) {
            favorite_itemes.remove(list_items.get(pos));
            chk.setChecked(false);
        }
    }
});

}
ArrayList favorite_array(){
for (int i = 0; i < favorite_itemes.size(); i++){
    favorite.add(favorite_itemes.get(i));
}return favorite;
}

@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return list_items.size();
}

class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder implements View.OnClickListener {
private TextView TextName;
private CheckBox favorite_checkBox;
ItemClickListener itemClickListener;
ViewHolder(View view) {
    super(view);
    TextName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView_rowitem);
    favorite_checkBox = (CheckBox) view.findViewById(R.id.favorite_checkBox);
   favorite_checkBox.setOnClickListener(this);
}
public void setItemClickListener(ItemClickListener ic) {
    this.itemClickListener = ic;
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
    this.itemClickListener.onItemClick(v, getLayoutPosition());
}
}
 }

A: Use these steps:
1. Convert your favourite_items to as JSONArray and convert it to a string

*Store the String in SharedPreferences

*In the on create retrieve the Shared preferences, convert it back to JSON Array and then to the ArrayList

*Traverse if the ArrayList contains the current check box, mark it as selected.
Have alook at this https://stackoverflow.com/a/10238647/2555419

A:
Managing two lists inside a RecyclerAdpater is somehow a bad approach

anyway, could you post your List_Item class?
without knowing your data model structure we won't be able to give any suggestions, however we can still expect how it looks like :

*

*If your List_Item has an id, you can store it to a favourite SharedPreferences and check later if it contains this id.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Heavy metals contamination of soil is one of the most alarming concerns in the debate about food security and food safety all over the world because it determines the possible composition of food and feeds at the root level of the food chain. Simultaneously, plants are important components of the ecosystem as they transfer elements from abiotic and biotic environments. The primary sources of elements from the environment to plants are air, water, and soil. The aim of this study was to determine the accumulation levels of trace toxic heavy metals in soils and plant samples in the garden of the Al-Nadwa-Riyadh area. Lead and cadmium were measured in the soil and plants by graphite atomic absorption spectrometry, while arsenic and mercury were measured using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Plant samples were digested by 8 ml of nitric acid followed by 2 ml hydrogen peroxide, while soil samples were digested by 6 ml concentrated nitric acid followed by 2 ml hydrofluoric acid and 2 ml hydrogen peroxide. In soil samples, results presented here showed that levels of lead were within the set of all standards, while cadmium exceeds the limits of FAO and EC standards. Arsenic was found to be above the FAO standard but within the set of all other standards. On the contrary, mercury was investigated far above all the set standards. All levels of the heavy metals in all plant samples were below the maximum permissible limit standard values of FAO/WHO, except mercury. The results demonstrated that mean content of Hg uptake by the plants was higher than the contents of each trace metals under test.


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The Peculiarity of Seventh-Day Adventism #1
Ben Carson, former Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at John Hopkins Hospital, and the subject of the film Gifted Hands, is running as a Republican candidate for the 2016 Presidential race. Carson credits his Seventh-Day Adventist upbringing, guided by his single mother, as one of the main factors in his success as a brain surgeon and bringing his family out of poverty (photo credit: cnn.com)
What is a Seventh-Day Adventist? To most people who know anything about them, Seventh-Day Adventists are those who go to church on Saturdays, instead of Sundays, and who have a pretty strict diet. Until recently, evangelical and mainline Christians have tended to view Seventh-Day Adventism as some type of strange sect or "cult." But attitudes have been changing over the years.
I have not followed the political race for President much this fall. But what I have noticed is a large number of evangelical Christians have come out as strong supporters of Republican candidate Ben Carson. What is surprising about the Ben Carson phenomenon among evangelicals is that he is a Seventh-Day Adventist.
It was primarily through the influence of Baptist theologian and cult expert, Walter Martin, that evangelical Christians started to rethink attitudes towards Seventh-Day Adventism, as far back as the 1950s. In The Kingdom of the Cults, Walter Martin observes that there have been signs of change within the movement (p. 535):
It should be carefully remembered that the Adventism of today is different in not a few places from the Adventism of 1844, and with that change the necessity of new evaluation comes naturally…It is my conviction that one cannot be a true Jehovah's Witness, Mormon, Christian Scientist, etc., and be a Christian in the biblical sense of the term; but it is perfectly possible to be a Seventh-Day Adventist and be a true follower of Jesus Christ despite certain heterodox concepts.
Not everyone agrees with Walter Martin's assessment. Some still view Seventh-Day Adventists to be "outside of the camp." But the general trend appears to be that Seventh-Day Adventists are "within the camp" of evangelicalism, even though they do possess some quirky beliefs.
So, how did Seventh-Day Adventism start, how did it get branded as being heretical, and then how has the movement become cautiously accepted today by other Christians as being relatively OKAY? No matter where you come down on Seventh-Day Adventism, the story of it all is quite peculiar.
William Miller and The Adventist Movements of the 19th Century
The whole Seventh-Day Adventist impulse has a number of different sources. But as a movement within the church, it would not have gone anywhere if it had not been for William Miller, (1782-1849), a young man of intellectual and spiritual curiosity growing up in a Baptist home in the newly formed United States. An avid reader, Miller, showed a great interest in books, having access to private libraries near his home in New York state. His dad needed him to work on the farm, so Miller would often stay up late at night, stealing away somewhere with a light to read his books. Miller's dad caught him once reading and beat him severely, in hopes that his son would give up the books and focus more on farming. But this only encouraged Miller to try harder to please his father, while still finding creative ways run off and read those books.
William Miller (1782-1849). Leader of the first Adventist movement, that eventually led to the Great Disappointment of 1844 (credit: Wikapedia).
As a young man, Miller left his Baptist upbringing behind and embraced Deism, as many of his friends who lent him books were Deist intellectuals. But when William Miller served in the army during the War of 1812, he had an experience that challenged his Deistic views. His American unit at the Battle of Plattsburgh was badly outnumbered by the British, but surprisingly the Americans prevailed. At the time, Miller did not know that the British had their supply lines cut off, which gave favor to the Americans. But Miller saw the American victory as a sign from God, that He truly does intervene in the affairs of men, thus undermining Miller's confidence in Deistic beliefs.
After the war, Miller returned home, but he was still very conflicted about faith. Oddly, while still holding tentatively to his Deistic beliefs, Miller was asked one Sunday to read the printed sermon at the local Baptist church. Apparently, Miller was quite an accomplished public speaker and since the Baptist preachers were so bad, the church felt that they could make a decent compromise and have the Deist Miller read the Baptist sermons to them. Miller accepted the offer. After a few Sundays of doing this, Miller was himself deeply moved by one of the sermons he read in that Baptist church.
Miller was convinced of his experience with the God of the Bible. However, his intellectual obstacles to the Bible prompted by his readings of Deistic philosophy, still stood in the way. He resolved to the read the Bible, with no aid from commentaries or any other reference material, writing this in his memoir, William Miller's Apology and Defence:
…in the fall of 1816, I was conversing with a friend respecting my hope of a glorious eternity though the merits and intercessions of the Savior, and he asked me how I knew there was a Savior? I replied that He was revealed in the Bible. He then asked me how I knew the Bible was true? and advanced my former deistical arguments on the inconsistencies, the contradictions, and the mysticisms in which I had claimed it was shrouded. I replied that if the Bible was the word of God, every thing contained therein might be understood, and all its parts be made to harmonize; and I said to him that if he would give me time, I would harmonize all these apparent contradictions, to my own satisfaction, or I would be a Deist still.
Over two years, William Miller went verse-by-verse, starting in Genesis and working his way through the entire Bible, only moving onto the next verse, comparing Scripture with Scripture, until he was satisfied with an explanation. He was able to finally resolve these "apparent contradictions" and whole heartedly embrace the Christian faith. His list of things he learned would prove to be quite consistent with the beliefs of most other Christians…. except when it came to biblical prophecy.
William Miller was a stickler for detail. Miller embraced an historicist approach to biblical prophecy, seeing that much of what was discussed prophetically in Scripture has been fulfilled over the past few thousand years of Jewish and Christian history, still with some future expectations in mind. Miller also followed the "day-year" principle, based on his reading of Numbers 14:34 and Ezekiel 4:5-6, whereby a "day" in the Bible with respect to prophecy could be understood best as actually signifying a "year."
For example, the number of 1260 days in the Bible appears have a place in the historicist scheme. Ancient Roman Emperor Justinian recognized that the Pope in Rome was the head of all of the Christian churches and that the power of the last Arian king was driven out of Rome in the year 538 A.D. Fast forward to 1798 A.D, when the Roman pontiff was captured by Napoleon's forces, taken into France, where the pope died soon thereafter. If you do the math, that means that the undisputed authority of the Roman Catholic papacy lasted from 538 to 1798, a period of 1260 years, which fits within this reading of the Bible (well, at least that is what folks like William Miller thought… not very Roman Catholic-friendly, were they?).
Found this prophecy chart to help show all of the main events of the historicist interpretation shared by William Miller.
But the real kicker in Miller's view of the end times was when he supposedly figured out the meaning of Daniel 8:13 (KJV):
And he said unto me, Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.
Miller believed these 2,300 days, associated with this great vision of the prophet Daniel known by the King James Version in Daniel 8:26 as "the vision of the evening and the morning" (note: singular), to be actually 2,300 years. But when do you start counting the years from? This is where Daniel 9:24-27, the favorite passage of J. N. Darby's dispensationalism, comes into play. This is pretty complicated, but Miller saw that the 70 weeks of Daniel 9:24-27 began with a decree by King Artaxerses to rebuild the temple (Ezra 7:1-27), in the year 457 B.C.
Fast forward that up 2,300 years and you get the magic year of 1843.
So what does the "the sanctuary be cleansed" mean, from Daniel 8:13? For Miller, this signified the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, a few mere few decades away from when Miller made his discovery.
At first, Miller was very unsure of himself regarding this discovery. Had he interpreted everything correctly? What if he was wrong? After a few years of sitting on his doubts, he decided to test his interpretation with some friends. After all, he reasoned, what if he was right? What if he was right and he had failed to warn everyone of the true date of this biblical prophecy? Would not God hold him accountable for keeping silent? So, Miller spoke out.
As Miller expected, many ridiculed his ideas. But Miller was a very persuasive rhetorician. A number of folks became convinced of his views. So Miller went on the speaking circuit, where he was able to present his case before thousands of people over the next few decades. Different publishing societies began to produce pamphlets by the thousands promoting Miller's date-setting ideas. By the eve of 1843, Miller's views became quite controversial in America. Many of those who were persuaded made the journey to Miller's farm to wait for Jesus to come back in 1843.
Well, just in case you have not figured out what actually happened: Jesus did not come back in 1843. Miller and his followers were a bit confused by this. But perhaps they were off by year. So, they recalculated for 1844 (October 22, 1844, to be precise).
1844 came and went and, as you probably guessed, Jesus did not come back.
This became what is known in American history as the Great Disappointment. As one Millerite follower put it, as quoted by Seventh-Day Adventist historian George Knight (found on Wikipedia):
I waited all Tuesday [October 22] and dear Jesus did not come;– I waited all the forenoon of Wednesday, and was well in body as I ever was, but after 12 o'clock I began to feel faint, and before dark I needed someone to help me up to my chamber, as my natural strength was leaving me very fast, and I lay prostrate for 2 days without any pain– sick with disappointment.
Disappointment and Division
Now, I have to say that all of this is really bizarre. But then it is probably no more bizarre than Hal Lindsay's theories about the coming of the Rapture in the 1980s, other Rapture theories, or the recent Blood Moon craze. Folks like Hal Lindsay, John Hagee, and Mark Blitz needed to tell us about what might be coming, to avoid blame just in case something did happen and they never said anything about it (Well, I will let you think about that one… I am not so convinced… I still think that such prophecy date-setting warnings, even the most benign ones, merely open the faith to unnecessary ridicule).
Miller and his followers were probably very sincere in their anticipation of Christ's coming. The enthusiasm over the Miller predictions probably did inspire many people to rethink their priorities and refocus their attention on what really mattered, seeking the things of God as opposed to things of this world.
When William Miller read Matthew 24:36, where Jesus talks about "concerning that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only," it appears that he just brushed off the objection that even Jesus does not know the time of His Second Coming. Furthermore, even Daniel was confused as to the meaning of the 2,300 "evening and morning" prophecy in Daniel 8:27. For a man who seemed attuned by his previous Deistic convictions to detect possible Bible "inconsistencies, contradictions, and mysticisms," you might have thought that he would exercised a bit more caution when it came to the area of Bible prophecy.
Well, I have to credit William Miller with one thing. He did admit after the 1844 disappointment that he was wrong. Most folks just went home and started over. But some of Miller's other followers were not convinced of the total error. Perhaps, it was just Miller's timing for the Second Coming event that was wrong. Or perhaps, was Miller's timing right but the event being predicted was wrong? These type of questions divided the confused Adventist movement. Different ideas were discussed, and groups were divided following this or that theory.
One early story in the Adventist movement at this stage illustrates the problem well, that I learned from Matthew Lucio's Adventist History podcast. A group of Adventists were meeting to try to discuss some of these issues regarding the failure of Miller's prophecy and what it all meant. Could it be related to a wrong understanding about the Millennium? Did it have something to do with the 144,000 mentioned in Revelation 7:3-8? No agreement could be reached that would satisfy everyone. Someone at the meeting suggested they should just table the discussion for now and simply gather together and celebrate the Lord's Supper. Surely, this would unify those present! But someone raised an objection that the Lord's Supper was merely an extension of the Jewish Passover and should only be celebrated once a year….Talk about division!
Seventh-Day Adventism and the Fatigue of Denominational Division
Seventh-Day Adventist and Presidential candidate Ben Carson, in an October 28, 2015 interview, made a general comment lamenting the denominationalism spirit evident in a lot of evangelical Christianity today:
The reason that there are like 4,000 denominations is that people have looked at this and said, 'Let's interpret it this way. Let's interpret it that way. Sometimes they get caught up in that and forget about the real purpose of Christian faith.
No matter what someone's politics are, this type of weariness over endless disputes about doctrine, while still having a clear focus on Jesus Christ, resonates with many evangelical Christians today. But it also reminds me of the type of confusion experienced by Ben Carson's Seventh-Day Adventist forefathers in the wake of the post-1844 Adventist movement (or movements, to be exact).
This chaotic situation after 1844 was eventually where a woman named Ellen G. White comes into the picture. Ellen G. White was one of those people who stayed up many nights on Miller's farm waiting for Jesus to return, only to do a lot of soul-searching and Scripture-searching to figure out what went wrong afterwards. Her story is remarkable in that her influence reinvigorated a splintered movement and redefined its purpose and focus.
We will examine Ellen G. White and her seminal influence in defining what would eventually become Seventh-Day Adventism in the next blog post.
This entry was posted on Tuesday, November 3rd, 2015 at 6:32 pm	and tagged with seventh day adventism and posted in Topics.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
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2 responses to "The Peculiarity of Seventh-Day Adventism #1"
Christianity Today did a two part interview of Ben Carson about his views on the Christian faith. As you can see, Carson is an interesting hybrid-mix of classic Seventh Day Adventist distinctives and historically orthodox evangelical views:
http://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2016/january/faith-of-candidates-interview-with-ben-carson.html
http://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2016/january/faith-of-candidates-interview-with-ben-carson-part-2.html
Documentary about William Miller:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
/* global it */

'use strict';

var assert = require('assert');
var MissingMiddlewareError = require('./');

it('should have nice message', function () {
	var error = new MissingMiddlewareError('cookie-parser');
	assert.ok(/^cookie-parser/.test(error.message));
	assert.ok(/app\.use\(require\('cookie-parser'\)\(\)\);/.test(error.message));
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
local path = ...
path = path[1]

if path then
	if not fs.exists(path) then
		if fs.mkdir(path) then
			print("Created directory "..path)
		else
			print("Could not create directory "..path)
		end
	else
		print(path.." already exists")
	end
else
	print("Must specify path (see help mkdir)")
end


Labour risked a fresh split on immigration as shadow Brexit secretary Sir Keir Starmer insisted that changes to European Union free movement rules must form part of the negotiations for quitting the bloc.
Sir Keir acknowledged that scrapping the cherished EU principle of free movement of labour would make it harder to maintain tariff-free access to the prized single market.
But he said the issue could not be ignored if the bitter divides caused by the EU referendum campaign are to be healed.
Promising a "bold and ambitious" response, Sir Keir said the rules must change.
"The status quo is not an option," he said. "Labour recognises that without the hard work and skill of migrants our public services, our businesses and our economy would suffer. But we have also always been the party that values strong, cohesive communities.
"It was striking that the referendum results showed the areas in the country with the highest levels of immigration voted most strongly to Remain. But the areas with the highest pace of change voted most strongly to Leave.
But he acknowledged that demanding reforms to free movement rules would make securing single market access harder because the EU regards them as indivisible.
"This is not to pretend that arguing for changes to freedom of movement will not make a deal on single market access harder. It will.
His comments came just days after shadow home secretary Diane Abbott, who speaks for Labour on immigration, said the UK could not "dump" free movement and stay in the single market.
If the Government loses its Supreme Court challenge and Prime Minister Theresa May is forced to get the backing of MPs to trigger Article 50, Sir Keir said Labour would seek to amend the legislation to prevent a "hard Brexit".
That would mean ensuring "continued tariff-free access" to the EU and avoiding extra bureaucratic burdens.
He insisted that there was no consensus among MPs for a hard Brexit and said Labour had already started consulting parliamentary experts about potential amendments.
But he denied that attempting to change the legislation would delay the Brexit process and prevent the Prime Minister from meeting her timetable of triggering Article 50 by the end of March 2017.


Boating access to Sydney's Middle Harbour has been significantly improved following a $385,000 upgrade of facilities at Tunks Park, Cammeray.
The newly upgraded facilities were opened last month by Minister for Ports and Waterways, Paul McLeay, along with North Sydney Council Mayor, Genia McCaffery.
The project involved replacing an old pontoon and jetty with a new concrete floating pontoon and gangway which provides disability access. The step at one end of the pontoon is said to give greater access for passive craft like kayaks and canoes, and the new facilities will also reduce waiting times during launch and retrieval as well as ease ramp congestion.
McLeay said the upgraded facility was fully funded by NSW Maritime under the Better Boating Program.
"I am very pleased to officially open this new and improved facility for the benefit of local residents and visitors who enjoy recreational boating on Middle Harbour," he said during the ceremony. "These improved resources will provide greater community access to our stunning harbour."
McLeay added that NSW Maritime has provided more than $25 million in grants supporting more than 470 projects across NSW since 1998.
"These grants are about planning for the future and making sure the community has safe access to facilities which help them get out and about on our waterways," McLeay said.
Visit www.maritime.nsw.gov.au/cv/infra_grants.html for more information.


text:
Palmarès

Bob

Europei
 2 medaglie:
 2 bronzi (bob a quattro ad Altenberg 2012; bob a quattro a Innsbruck 2013).

Coppa del Mondo
 7 podi (tutti nel bob a quattro):
 1 vittoria;
 1 secondo posto;
 5 terzi posti.

Coppa del Mondo - vittorie

Coppa Europa
 3 podi (tutti nel bob a quattro):
 1 vittoria;
 1 secondo posto;
 1 terzo posto.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


Buzzed driving is considered operating a vehicle with a blood alcohol content (BAC) of .01% to .07% – under the legal limit in most states. Although it is not illegal, buzzed driving is just as dangerous as drunk driving.
In Arizona and every other U.S. state, the legal limit to drive after drinking is a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 percent. That limit is set by individual states, and it took 21 years for all states to lower the legal alcohol concentration to the current limit. Now, safety experts are questioning whether .08 is low enough.
One recent study found that drivers who were "minimally buzzed" or "buzzed" were often to blame for fatal accidents. The term "minimally buzzed" includes drivers who had a BAC of .01, which is well within the legal limit. Researchers examined more than 570,000 fatal accidents between 1994 and 2011. The results: Drinking and driving with any alcohol in the body is dangerous and leads to more severe accidents.
The study focused on drivers with a BAC between .01 and .07 percent. The results showed that drivers with a BAC of .01 percent are 46 percent more likely to be blamed for car crashes than the other drivers involved in the collisions. The higher the BAC, the more often the drivers are blamed.
The lead author of the study, a sociologist at the University of California San Diego, says the results show that no blood alcohol content is low enough to be safe for driving. He thinks the legal BAC in the U.S. showed be lowered, based on the study results.
The National Transportation Safety Board agrees with the lead author's position. Last May – months before the study results were published – the federal agency recommended that states lower the legal BAC for driving. It suggests lowering the BAC to .05. According to the NTSB, at .05, some drivers have problems with depth perception. Cognitive abilities are impaired at .07. Changing the standard to .05 could save almost 1,000 lives a year, according to the agency.
In 2015, alcohol impairment was a factor in nearly one-third of all traffic-related deaths in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That's 10,265 people! In Arizona, state traffic statistics show there were 232 alcohol-related fatalities in 2016, a 13.8% decrease from the year prior. Twenty-four percent of all traffic fatalities in the United States were alcohol-related.
The NTSB recommendation was criticized by groups representing the restaurant industry. But the founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) also spoke out against lowered BACs. The founder, who is no longer with the organization, told news outlets that she sees high-BAC drunk driving and distracted driving as bigger problems.
Regardless of whether lowering the BAC to .05 is the answer, it's clear that drinking and driving continues to be a major factor in fatal car accidents in Arizona and throughout the U.S. If you have lost a loved one in an alcohol-related motor vehicle accident, an experienced attorney can advise you on your options for filing a wrongful death claim that can provide money damages and help hold drunk drivers accountable.
The Phoenix personal injury attorneys at Knapp & Roberts have years of experience representing victims of drunk driving accidents and families of wrongful death victims. With over 50 years of combined experience, the award-winning attorneys of Knapp & Roberts stop at nothing to make sure their clients get the compensation they need and deserve.


text:
Q: How do you bring up the window showing Tasks? There's a window that shows Tasks -- it may be called the "reminder window".  It usually shows up when I log in, but somehow it got closed.  How do you bring this window up?
The Window
I'll describe this window in more detail, just in case I'm giving it the wrong name.
There's a report available (on the Reports tab) called Tasks & Appointments that shows all my open tasks.  The window I'm looking for is an abbreviated version of that report, showing just the type of task, the due date, and how many days it's overdue, along with a button to dismiss the task.
This window is a standalone pop-up window, meaning that you can drag it out of the way so you can work with the main Salesforce app in your browser.
This window normally pops up when I log in, but doesn't now.  Somehow I must have closed it.
What I've Tried
I've tried poking around in the Tasks & Appointments report to see if there's an option to pop up a window summary of it, but I haven't found anything.
I've searched on Google -- the only advice I found was to log out and log back in.  I tried logging out and back in, but the window doesn't come back up.
My browser's pop-up blocker is disabled, so that isn't stopping it.
In my Salesforce settings for activity reminders, "trigger alert when reminder comes due" is checked.  The "open a test reminder" button on that screen brings up a sample reminder window properly.
How can I bring this summary of Tasks window back up?

A: It could be your personal settings.

*

*Go to where your name is in the top right corner of the screen

*Click on your name and select "My Settings"

*Click on "Calendars and Reminders"

*Make sure that "Trigger alert when reminder comes due" and check any other applicable settings.

A: Given the pretty useful answers and suggestions brought up so far I can only think of one thing left; you have currently no open activities

A: Typically when this happens it is the browser settings.

*

*In Chrome you would go to Settings>Advanced Settings>Privacy>Content Settings>Pop Up Blocker

*Click on "Manage Exceptions"

*Add Salesforce to your exceptions.
This would also be the place where you could see if you blocked it by accident. Sometime the browser will ask if you want to accept popups for a site and once you click on "no" the popup doesn't happen anymore. You can change it from block to allow.


What fried goodies will you sample this year?
CORN DOG OR COTTON CANDY: There used to be a day when fair goers were satisfied with their special treat. Oh, it might be a corn dog or it might be cotton candy. And then, somewhere along the way, maybe a decade or two ago, culinary experimenters began to dip butter in batter and fry it and wrap bacon around other things that may or may not contain bacon and, we imagine, even somehow combine corn dogs and cotton candy. (Actually, that sounds kind of good, the sweet and the salty.) So now when we go to the fair it isn't so much "where's my favorite treat?" as "what offbeat dishes will I be brave enough to sample?" And you know what? That's a-ok, since fairs have long been about showing off ingenuity and people's talents and best tries. With that in mind we tuck in our bib and prepare to peruse the food list of the California State Fair, which makes its annual debut on Thursday, July 12 in Sacramento.
ON THE MENU: Yep, all of the classics'll be sizzling in various booths, but if you do indeed want to change it up, deep-fried cheese curds and a grilled Caesar Salad -- uh, exclamation points !!! -- should perform the change up for you quite nicely. And new stuff? That includes 17-inch cow's rib with a 24-ounce steak atop it -- it is called the Big Beef Rib, which is just about as straightforward a name as we need -- as well as a pork chop on a stick. There's also a new deep-fried red velvet cake and, yep, that comes with frosting. Sweet petunias that sounds like something magical. For more on fair food, click. For more on the fair itself, click. The California State Fair wraps up on July 29.


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text:
Top – 100
ESL Tips
PR and Media
St. Gallen Travel Guide
Photo by janmaybach on Pixabay // CC0
As Swiss cities go, visitors often fail to notice St. Gallen. But that doesn't mean you should do the same, as this destination has much to offer. From a UNESCO World Heritage Site to amazing bratwursts, there is much to see, do, and eat here.
Begin your time in St. Gallen by paying a visit to Kathedrale St. Gallen. Since the 8th century, this cathedral served as an abbey for the Roman Catholic church. Specifically, it was a Carolingian monastery (and a rather large one at that).
So in 1983, UNESCO granted the church World Heritage status. Once you step inside, you'll understand immediately – everywhere, you'll find amazing Baroque design elements. Throughout, you'll find liberal amounts of gold leaf, which adds to this attraction's splendour. Best of all, this attraction is free of charge – an amazing break, given how pricey Switzerland is.
Within Kathedrale St. Gallen, you'll stumble across Stiftsbibliothek – a fantastic attraction in its own right. But in the 10th century, it almost got wiped out when the church caught fire. Miraculously, the library survived, giving present-day visitors a window on the distant past.
In these stacks, you'll find over 160,000 works. And amazingly, the library allows visitors to pull most of them off the shelves. To properly appreciate this place, but an audio guide when you arrive at the cathedral.
Check out some of Switzerland's most decorative fabrics at Textile Museum St. Gallen. In this institution, you'll find over 30,000 pieces of embroideries and textile art. Many come from Eastern Switzerland, but you'll also find items from elsewhere in Europe and even Ancient Egypt.
Admission to the St. Gallen Textile Museum will set adults back 12 CHF (13.50 USD). While that may sound steep, students get a discount and the ticket itself is made of cloth!
Feel like taking in a show? See what's playing at Theater St. Gallen. Here, you can catch plays, operas, and other performing arts acts. On average, 390 productions happen here per year, so chances are good that you'll find something interesting happening here.
If the weather isn't cooperating, spend some time inside Naturmuseum St. Gallen. As the name suggests, this institution is a natural history museum. Within, you'll find exhibits that teach visitors about the geology and animal life of the area.
These include models of common creatures, like lynx and wolves. But the biggest model of all is a reconstructed skeleton of the mighty Edmontosaurus. Like the Textile Museum, admittance costs 12 CHF (13.50 USD) for adults. But children up to 16, if adults accompany them, can get in free of charge.
If you have a green thumb, be sure to make room for the St. Gallen Botanical Garden in your itinerary. For over a century, this indoor/outdoor garden complex has brought an entire world of flora to Switzerland. In all, you'll find 8,000 different species here.
That sum includes tropical and arid plants, as greenhouses provide a biome that ensures their survival. Like Kathedrale St. Gallen, there is no admission charge to this attraction, making it attractive to those on a budget.
Want to check out some animals while in St. Gallen? Drop by Wildpark Peter & Paul during your visit. Throughout this wildlife park, you'll find deer, wildcats, wild boars, and other animals in generous enclosures.
To walk through this park's network of parks, give yourself 2-3 hours. And if you're smarting at the thought of how much this will cost, don't. This attraction does not charge an admission fee, so it's a great spot for budget travellers.
Love art and people-watching? Combine your passions with a visit to Roter Platz. The term translates literally to "Red Square" in English. It makes sense – its creators covered this public space entirely in red. That includes benches and tables, making it a wild place to photograph.
At lunch, find a restaurant or street stall that sells St. Galler Bratwurst. Its crafters make this popular sausage using two types of meat – veal and pork. Then, before casing the mixture into pig intestines, they add seasonings like cardamom, coriander, and white pepper. The result is a flavourful sausage that will have you lamenting the last bite you take.
When dinner rolls around, try to find a place that serves Capuns. These are dumplings that feature dried meat at the centre of Spätzle dough and a chard leaf. Cooks then boil these pockets of flavour in gravy, and before serving, garnish them with grated cheese – yum!
As you eat your Capuns, have them with a few slices of St. Galler Brot. This is a dark/darkish bread that pairs best with fresh butter and a hearty meal. So, be sure to track some down while you're in St. Gallen.
0 replies on "St. Gallen"
© 2021 Nomadic Samuel.


When it comes to homemade Indian dinners I'm never content with just one dish. Usually I'll spend a whole afternoon preparing an Indian feast, using every pot and pan in the kitchen (knowing my husband will happily wash up in return for a hearty meal). Until recently these feasts typically comprised a hero meat dish complimented by a vegetarian curry, dhal or dhokla. But, since limiting my meat consumption to once weekly my Indian cooking is 100% vegetarian. As a result I'm hugely appreciating why so many people in India don't eat meat. That's because Indian cooking turns ordinary vegetables into extraordinary creations. Take this curry for example – it transforms spinach into a mouth-watering spice infused creamy gravy.
This recipe is easy and quick to prepare, is packed full of greens and is high in protein thanks to the cheese. It comes from Rick Steins India cookbook. There he calls it sag paneer, and it's similar to the popular palak paneer. Sag is the broad name for a variety of leaf based greens and palak is the Hindi word for spinach. Both dishes have a spice infused green gravy and are dotted with cubes of paneer cheese. But instead of cubes of paneer I prefer to mix through creamy quark – this brings the spinach and cheese together with an even consistency. That's why I've called my dish Spinach/Palak quark curry. It's delicious paired with roti, naan or rice, or alongside a whole roasted cauliflower.
Before I dive into the ingredients I wanted to share a couple of tips for this recipe (they apply to many Indian curries). First blend the garlic, ginger and onion base into a paste and cook it in coconut oil or ghee to start the curry. This paste method produces more flavour than cooking finely chopped onion, garlic and ginger. Second make your own garam masala instead of buying it from a store. Garam masala is a spice blend that brings flavour, aroma and warmth to Indian food. It's easy to make at home with basic Indian spices and keeps fresh for a month. You can see how to make it here.
Blend the onion, ginger and garlic in a hand blender until you have a smooth paste.
Heat the oil in a large saucepan and once hot add the paste. Cook for a 4-5 minutes.
Add the chilli powder, turmeric and garam masala and cook for another couple of minutes.
Add the roughly chopped spinach to the pan, cover and allow to wilt for a few minutes.
Turn off the heat and gently blitz the spinach into a rough pesto like consistency (with a hand blender).
Stir through the salt and quark and cook for 5-10 minutes on a low heat. Add a splash of water to loosen as needed.
I'd love to hear – what's your top Indian vegetarian curry?
Tags: curry, palak, paneer, quark, sag, spinach. Bookmark the permalink.
I love palak paneer! have never tried making it though. The ingredients are a lot simpler/common than I would have thought!
Thanks Zoya – glad you like the recipe – and yes if you like palak paneer you should give this a go, its very easy!


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text:
The need for Oromo nationalists' unity to end Tigrayan genocide of Oromo people
Published by Falmata on 2016-04-20
By Leenjiso Horo
The Oromo people have united more than ever before from width and breath of Oromia to end the colonial occupation in order to restore their full national sovereignty and independence. In unity, they have raised their flag over Oromia. This is done with so much sacrifice in the lives of their youths, children, men and women, aged and young. The objective of this struggle is to establish a free, sovereign, independent democratic republic of Oromia.
Going forward by looking back: the rise of the Oromo people in unity
Today, the Oromo people have united more than ever before bypassing the divided Oromo political organizations. What is unequivocally clear is that our people have shown what the unity is to those who have failed to understand the national unity and its importance. They have united from east to west; from south to north and the center. The cities, towns, villages and the countryside across Oromia are all united into a single whole against the enemy as one nation; as one people. The fact is, the world is forced to see this upsurge of our people against the Tigrayan fascist regime in central, southern, northern, eastern and western regions of Oromia rising like a tsunami, like a mighty storm, like a hurricane that no power on earth, how great it is, can stop it. Indeed, in unity, our people are trembling the enemy from its foundation.
History has shown time and again that no enemy has ever defeated the united Oromo people in any battlefield and has never been. It is only the Oromo people that can defeat themselves by being not united. But the Oromo people have never failed to unite. Looking back in history, Menelik II of Abyssinia did not defeat Oromo. But, it was the Oromo leadership that defeated itself by failing to unite to fight together. Hence, Oromia has been occupied because of the Oromo political leaders' disunity. Again, TPLF has never defeated the Oromo people. It was the Oromo political leadership that defeated itself by its failure to unite and fight the enemy. Throughout the history of their occupation to date, the Oromo people as a collective people have never failed to unite and never accepted or recognized or legitimized Ethiopian authority over Oromia. The Oromo people regard it illegal and illegitimate colonial administration. Hence since occupation to-date, it was the Oromo leadership that accepted the authority and legitimacy of Ethiopian colonial rulers. It is the Oromo leadership that failed the Oromo people.
Since occupation to-date, the Oromo political leadership has continued seeking alliance with outside powers. It looks to external forces, to aliens, for any problem, instead of looking to their own people. The plain truth is, the leadership tends to listen to outside powers rather than the Oromo people. This is still going on. When the external powers tell them to lay down arms, they lay down. When they are told to abandon armed struggle, they abandon. When they are told to encamp the liberation army, they encamp. These are facts. The encampment of the OLA in 1992, the formation of AFD in 2006 and now the formation of PAFD in 2015 are all the examples and results of looking for and listening to the external powers rather than to the Oromo people. They are still repeating this vicious circle that began a century ago. In truth, we can never get away from the question of why the Oromo political leadership since the last quarter of 19th-century to-date tends to listen to outside forces rather than listening to their own people. The reason is simple, if one follows the pattern. The Oromo political leadership stands at crossroads between outside powers and the Oromo people. The external powers have tremendous influence over this leadership more than the Oromo nationalists and the Oromo people. This has become the major obstacle, especially at this junction of national liberation struggle. No national leadership to lead the struggle. Worshipping external powers is not a character of national leadership.
Having tired of this incompetence of the leadership, now the Oromo people have taken their destiny on their hands. They have taken the leadership of this struggle. So, the struggle goes on. Now, the leadership has to decide whether it is willing to walk by their people the long, difficult and hard road to freedom and independence or remain tied to external powers through the umbilical cord of sugar-coated negotiation or "Transitional government of Ethiopia" which are euphuism to maintain the territorial integrity of Ethiopia. The real problem is this, the Oromo nationalists and the Oromo people, have failed to remove such leadership from the position of leadership. That is, we have failed to learn lessons of history. To put in the Russian historian Vasily Kyluchesky words: "History teaches nothing; it only punishes for not learning its lessons." Indeed, what is clear is that we have completely failed to learn lesson of history. And for this, history is punishing us. The time is long overdue to learn our lessons of history. It is time to listen to the Oromo people instead of external powers. Now, our people are risen to the occasion to fight the enemy in order to restore their lost sovereignty and independence. It is time for the Oromo political organizations to unite and join their people in the battlefield for the national liberation and independence. Right persons must be elected to a right positon. As it is clear by now, the election of Dawud Ibsa in 1999 to lead the OLF and the Oromo struggle was a mistake of epic proportions and will undoubtedly be viewed as one of the biggest political mistakes in the history of Oromia. His leadership is a total failure. His leadership completely failed the OLF as an organization, as evidenced by the formation of then AFD in 2006 and now PAFD in 2015; by abandonment of the objective of the OLF; by engineering the splits after splits of the OLF; by burning down the bridge of unification that was built in Berlin Agreement in June 2014, by his absence from the country, the Oromo Liberation Army, and struggle since he assumed the position of chairmanship of the OLF and by his leadership's unresponsiveness to the ravage and destruction of Oromia and its people by the Tigran fascist rime.
Now, it is time for the Oromo patriotic forces, nationalists, and revolutionaries to unite unconditionally to stand with their people and fight along with them to restore independence and sovereignty, end the legacy of colonial occupation and colonial military presence, and build a unified democratic revolutionary national leadership. In this unity, we have only one mission: Independence of Oromia. It is a monolithic objective goal that our people have been pursuing for over a century. Oromia being a colonized country, this objective goal is incontrovertible, indisputable, and inviolable. The Oromo patriotic forces and the nationalists need to join the struggle at this historic juncture which our people are going through as a unifying national force, expressing their higher national interests, national desire and embodying in practice national unity for national sovereignty and independence.
Our forms of struggle: Nonviolence unarmed struggle and armed struggle
In our struggle we have two forms of struggles. One is non-violence unarmed struggle. This is a legal and peaceful forms of struggle in claiming for liberation from colonial and foreign domination. Another form of struggle is armed struggle. This is a right to use force in the struggle for liberation from colonial and foreign domination. In the war of national liberation struggle both nonviolence resistance and armed struggle can go on simultaneously. One does not contradict the other. For over a century, the world has been told to believe that the Oromo do not exist except Ethiopians. Now, the Oromo people in turn unanimously telling the same world; listen, we do exist. We are Oromo in the Horn of Africa. Our country is Oromia not Ethiopia. We are the majority in the Horn of Africa. It is us, Oromo who are arrested, tortured, killed, maimed, disappeared, and evicted from our land by the successive Ethiopian empire rulers. Now, Oromo are telling the world both through non-violent unarmed liberation resistance and armed liberation struggle. The world communities are now beginning to listen to them.
The problem has been raised by the Oromo pro Ethiopian empire democratization or pro establishment of "Transitional government of empire of Ethiopia." This group say independence through "democratization" of Ethiopian empire. This is a false claim. Empire has never been democratized nor federalized nor has transitional government ever formed with the creators of an empire. This group argues in the era of globalization armed struggle is made obsolete and internationally has no acceptance. This is again a false claim. What is true is that armed struggle for liberation is also internationally recognized legal form of struggle for the people's under foreign occupation. Here is a quote from United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/33/24 of 29 November 1978:
UN "Reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples' for independence, territorial integrity, national unity and liberation from colonial and foreign domination and foreign occupation by all available means, particularly armed struggle;"
Again, the General Assembly Resolution A/RES/3246 (XXIX) of 29 November 1974 also states as:
UN "Reaffirms the legitimacy of the peoples' struggle for liberation form colonial and foreign domination and alien subjugation by all available means, including armed struggle "
Mahatma Gandhi, the symbol of nonviolent struggle and a person who led India to independence through non-violent struggle supported an armed struggle in the absence of favorable condition. Here his words: "I do believe that where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence. … I would rather have India resort to arms in order to defend her honour than that she would, in a cowardly manner, become or remain a helpless witness to her own dishonour" (emphasis added).
Again, Gandhi had to say this in regard to submission to enemy:
"Though violence is not lawful, when it is offered in self-defence or for the defence of the defenceless, it is an act of bravery far better than cowardly submission. The latter [submission] befits neither man nor woman. Under violence, there are many stages and varieties of bravery. Every man must judge this for himself. No other person can or has the right" (Emphasis added).
Hence, armed struggle from non-violent standpoint and from the international community point of view is legal and supported. It is, therefore, clear that armed struggle is permissible and legal form of struggle supported by both non-violent groups and international community. Hence, it is time to join either non-violent unarmed national liberation struggle or the armed national liberation struggle. Take responsibility to join either of them instead of screaming in vain about establishing "transitional government of Ethiopia."
In front of our own eyes, our country is seized, raped and lands are taken in the name just development, which gave no recognition to our people but recognition only to the right of might. Under this condition, Our people are put under the atrocious sufferings, being persecuted for political convictions and evicted from their lands and exposed to poverty, hunger and starvation. Hence, under this irredeemably evil and demonic fascist regime our people life is made worse than death itself. Who will ever forget the shootings which killed so many of Oromo youths, children, elderly, men and women? Who will ever forget the slaughter of unborn in the wombs of their mothers with the mothers? Who will ever forget the concentration camps into which are mercilessly thrown hundreds of thousands Oromo nationals who rejected and no longer wished to submit to the Tigrayan fascist regime of injustice, dehumanization, oppression and exploitation used as a tool of its domination? Who will ever forget the eviction of over two million Oromo nationals from their own lands so as to distribute their lands among the Tigrayan new settlers and other aliens? The fact is, this Tigrayan fascist regime is conducting a twin wars: a war of robbery and a war of genocide-the secret wars against Oromia and the Oromo people. Hence, under this fascist regime Oromia is in danger as a country so Oromo are in danger as a people. We must stop these wars. We can only stop them in unity. It is only the Oromo nationalists' unity to stop this twin wars of robbery and genocide. This unity is also the key to the success of the Oromo struggle for liberation. Here, Stewart Parnell's call to the Irish nationalists in 1879 for their unity is still valid and applicable to the Oromo nationalists. His words read: "It is no use relying on the external power….You must only rely upon your own determination….Help yourselves by standing together…strengthen those amongst yourselves who are weak…, band yourselves together, organize yourselves…fight and you must win." Hence, the Oromo struggle needs the unity of Oromo patriotic, nationalists, and revolutionary forces to intensify armed struggle to liberate Oromia. In this case, Napoleon Bonaparte has to say this: 'That which has been overthrown by force can be re-established only by force." History has proven this to be true. Hence, the overthrown sovereignty and independence of Oromia by force, can only be restored by force.
Alliance formation with non-Oromo political organizations
Alliance formation involves organizations that have similar interests; similar or shared beliefs. That is, it is the organizations which share common beliefs or goals that form alliances. Historically alliances are formed in reaction to a foreign threat, increasingly, nations and organizations use alliances as proactive tools to overcome the threats against them.
The formation of PAFD contradicts this criterion. The goal of the OLF is not to establish "Transitional government of Ethiopia" with a fascist regime that is committing genocide against the Oromo people. PAFD's interest and goal is to from "Transitional government of Ethiopia. Hence, the Oromo people and the OLF do not have a shared belief with PAFD as with AFD before it. Hence, it is time to forget about AFD and PAFD. This is unprincipled alliance and it must be dissolved or withdrawn from. We do not see any nationality or nation in the Ethiopian empire that firmly, unconditionally and openly standing with the Oromo people as the Oromo are under genocide and as Oromo youths, children, men and women and as Oromo women with babies at their arms have been murdered and as the unborn children in their mothers' wombs with their mothers have been slaughtered. Here what is clear is, while the Oromo people are facing this danger, we do not see nations and nationalities in the Ethiopian empire standing should-to-should in mourning, sympathy, solidarity, and friendship with the Oromo people carrying placards in the streets echoing: "We Are All Oromo", and "This is a genocide on all of us." We do not see such a solidarity. There is no organized or spontaneous opposition to this genocide against the Oromo people from nations and nationalities in the Ethiopian empire. Instead of showing solidarity with the Oromo people, they called upon the genocidist fascist regime to "establish Transitional government of Ethiopia." It is not long ago, to forget the attacks on Paris and New York. When Paris was attack on November 13, 2015, the whole world communities stood in solidarity with the people of France saying "We are all French!, We are Parisians!", "This is an attack on all of us!" Again in September 11, 2001, when New York was attacked, the world communities stood with America people echoing "We all are Americans!", "We all are New Yorkers!" "This is an attack on all of us!" But in the case of Oromo genocide by the Tigrayan regime, let alone the world communities at large but even those nations and nationalities who live side by side with Oromo people, sharing the Oromo resources including living in Oromia among the Oromo people did not show such solidarity. The sad thing is all of them called upon the fascist rime that has been committing genocide on the Oromo people to form "Transitional government of Ethiopia" with. The saddest of all sad is, there are some Oromo political leaders who have joined in calling upon the genocidist of their people to establish "Transitional government of Ethiopia" with.
Let me make it clear in regard to alliance. The OLF does not oppose alliance as such. It has a long fraternal relationship with the colonized nations and nationalities. So, in principle the OLF supports forming alliance with them. At the same time, it believes that alliance must grow out of struggle. With this, it supports a voluntary and honest alliance of the peoples of the empire that have similar political objective with the Oromo people but not for establishing "Transitional government of Ethiopia." The saddest and standing fact is this, PAFD called upon the genocidist regime to form "Transitional government of Ethiopia" with. Hence, there is no utility for the OLF to be members of PAFD. The question is as to what is the moral story of forming alliance with the organizations whose political interest is to establish "Transitional government of empire" which contradicts the objective of the Oromo struggle. This is clearly not in interest of the Oromo people and of the OLF. Hence, such a call for the formation of "Transitional government of Ethiopia" is incompatible and in contradiction with the political objective of the OLF. On the contrary to the PAFD's political positon, here is what the OLF political program has to say in Oromo language (Oromiffaa):
V. Sagantaa Qabsoo (A. Akeeka Siyaasaa): Hundeen akeeka qabsoo kanaa mirga hiree murteeffannaa ummata Oromoo argamsiisuuf sirna Impaayera Itoophiyaa diiguudhaan, Oromia kolonii, hacuuccaa fi saaminsa jelaa bilisa baasuun mootummaa walaba Oromia dhaabee iggitii itti godhuu dha. Kunis kan mirkanaawu mirga qabutti dhimma bahee ummatni Oromoo mootummaa walaba isaa labsachuu yookaan ummatoota biraa wajjin tokkummaa politiikaa haaraa ijaarrachuuf murtii kennatuun ta'a (Political Program of 1998, V. Sagantaa Qabsoo, A. Akeeka Siyaasaa).
Roughly translated as: The fundamental objective of this struggle is the realization of the right of national self-determination for the Oromo people by dismantling the Ethiopian empire system, by liberating Oromia from colonization, oppression, and exploitation and by establishing and guarantying the independent state of Oromia. This can only be realized when the Oromo nation uses its right in declaring its own independent government of Oromia, or decide to establish a new political unity with other nations (author's translation).
In the end, it is time for the Oromo patriotic forces, nationalists and revolutionaries to immediately unite to dismantle the genocidal fascist Tigrayan colonialist regime. Without doubt, the united forces of the Oromo nationals can defeat and eliminate this predatory, murderous and barbarous fascist TPLF from Oromia without outside help. Today, as it is clear to all, the Tigrayan fascist regime is threatening the very existence of Oromo as a nation and Oromia as an integral country. In order to avert this, it is time for the Oromo political organizations to urgently and immediately unite to save their people from annihilation and their country from disintegration. It is no secret that the Oromo have no friends. They have no body on their side except themselves. For this, in this war of national liberation struggle of ours, we have to rely mainly on our own efforts. Our struggle is based on self-reliance- reliance on our own efforts, on our own human and natural resources, on the creative power of the Oromo nationalists, patriotic forces, and revolutionaries and of the entire Oromo nation. The Oromo people are a great, patriotic, and heroic people. They do not pin their hopes on the lackeys of the colonial regime for liberation and independence. Therefore, the time has come to recognize the false prophets of federalization of empire- those leaders of disunity, rattle shaking, and the political unfit leaders with split tongues. Empire federalization or empire democratization or establishing "Transitional government of Ethiopia" are not the solution to the Oromo problem. In fact, they are new schemes in which unsuspecting victims are influenced to accept as a solution. Primarily, these schemes are ideologies directly aimed at the neutralization, disruption, misdirection and/or division of the Oromo nationalists, revolutionaries, patriotic forces and the Oromo people in order to maintain Ethiopian empire. Those Oromo nationals who have been misled to walk on these dishonorable footsteps of those preachers of empire federalization or empire democratization or establishing "Transitional government of Ethiopia" or with whatever their mask is labeled with, should reject to walk on these roads. For to walk on such dishonorable footsteps of those preachers would be to dishonor the memories of fallen Oromo heroes and heroines in this war of national liberation struggle. On the contrary, in our unity, we honor the glorious history of our freedom fighters who had fallen in this war of national liberation struggle. Today, because of them, we stand tall and proud. The Oromo people are united in the remembrance of those heroes and heroines who fought with determination, grace, faithful, diligence, courage and bravery to liberate Oromia. In unity, our people are displaying their inherently unstoppable great power. It is, therefore, time for all Oromo nationals to follow the suit. Here, unity must be based on clear objective goal and clear mission. That is, unity must be based on the total independence of Oromia.
Oromia Shall Be Free!
Categories: Guest Opinion
ldnfXIm · 2016-07-07 at 11:21
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Affiliate Links Through all the tumult and the strife,I hear that music ringing;Walabummaa echoes in my soul:Nothing can stop me from singing. When tyrants tremble sick with fearAnd hear their death knells ringing,When WBO rejoices Read more…
Liberating The Land and Resources for The Development of Oromia
By: Itana Gammada April 18, 2019 Introduction A nation cannot survive, let alone develop and prosper, without having full control over its land, resources and the capacity to direct those resources towards economic development. An Read more…
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The couple met while co-starring in 2015's "Fantastic Four"
Jamie Bell and Kate Mara attend Prada Presents 'Past Forward' by David O. Russell premiere at Hauser Wirth & Schimmel on November 15, 2016 in Los Angeles, California.
The Invisible Woman is off the market.
Kate Mara and Jamie Bell, who co-starred in 2015's "Fantastic Four," tied the knot over the weekend after dating for over two years.
Mara took to Instagram to share a photo from the wedding, featuring her smooching her new husband in the middle of blurry lights and smoke. She captioned the artistic photo, "Nuptials."
Bell shared the same photo with the caption, "Mr. and Mrs. B."
Mara and Bell first fueled dating rumors at the Met Gala in May 2015 when they were spotted holding hands as they made their way into a private after-party. That September, they were photographed getting cozy on a beach in Malibu.
The famous couple have since attended many celebrity events together, including the H&M Womenswear Fall/Winter 2016/2017 show at Paris Fashion Week, the 2016 Met Gala, and the Hollywood premiere of the actress' movie, Man Down, in November.
Though rumors circulated their engagement the year before, they didn't officially get engaged until January, which Mara confirmed in a photo on Twitter.
Bell was previously married to "Westworld" star Evan Rachel Wood for two years. They divorced in 2014, almost a year after welcoming their son.


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This is why this plant-based burger is not suitable for vegans or vegetarians
Elsje du Toit
After introducing their plant-based version of the Burger King Whopper (available in Ireland and soon in the UK), it came to light that the Rebel Whopper is not suitable for vegetarians or vegans.
More and more people are opting for meat-free or plant-based meals when ordering take-out, but if you're fully committed to keeping it that way, it might be a good idea to always read the list of ingredients before ordering.
Even though the burger is made from soy, it's because of the way it's cooked that it's not suitable for people following a plant-based diet.
The Rebel Whopper
READ MORE: How to eat ethically with this rare Irish beef breed
On the Burger King website, it states in fine print: "The Rebel Whopper patty is meat-free and flame-grilled on our broiler to retain the same flame-grilled taste as our meat burgers. Not suitable for Vegetarians or Vegans."
According to the Irish Independent, the Rebel Whopper is aimed at flexitarians – "people who eat meat but are cutting down on the animal-based food they eat".
Burger King marketing director Katie Evans told the news outlet that the Rebel Whopper is a "game-changer".
"We wanted our first plant-based Whopper to replicate the indulgence and flame-grilled taste of the real thing as closely as possible, and we're thrilled with the result," she said.
"We're delighted to satisfy the demand for this highly-anticipated product and finally bring the Rebel to the UK."
READ MORE: 4 Vegan 'cheeses' worthy of the cheeseboard
Tony Vernelli, international head of communications and marketing at Veganuary, told The Journal, that it doesn't really matter whether a meat-free patty is cooked separately or on the same grill as the meat.
"For all of the important issues that Veganuary – and most vegans – are trying to address through their food choices it makes absolutely no difference (the way of cooking it).
"What does make a big difference to animals and the planet is when non-vegans choose a plant-based menu option, enjoy it and then order it again."
That's why Burger King emphasizes that the Rebel Whopper is aimed at flexitarians.
"(People) who want to reduce their meat consumption for health or environmental reasons, or are considering going vegan," Vernelli told the Irish Independent.
The Rebel Whopper is available in Ireland and the UK.
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