From its formation in 1924 to its takeover in 1940, Britain's Imperial Airways forged a network of long-distance air routes around the world that knitted the British Empire together by air for the first time and paved the way for a new age of aeromobility. While transport historians have long recognised the importance of these early services to the administration of Empire and the future development of international civil aviation, the unique spatialities of Imperial Airways' services have received scant geographical attention. By charting the expansion of Imperial's international route network in the 1920s and 1930s, this paper provides an insight into the formation and operation of a global aerial network that helped usher in a new era of globalisation.
Britain 's Imperial Airways was formed on 31 st March 1924 and charged with developing air routes to British colonies and interests in Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the Far East, and Australia (Veale 1945; Porter 1991). Operating as a privately owned monopoly, albeit one subsidised by the British Government, Imperial expanded quickly. By 1938, the company was flying nearly 25,000 route miles and offering eight flights a week to Egypt, five to India, three each to East Africa, Malaya, and Australia, and two each to South Africa and Hong Kong (Finch 1938). Yet despite Imperial Airways' leading role in the formation of early global air routes, the British were initially quite reluctant aviators and though Wilbur and Orville Wright had performed the world's first heavier-than-air powered flight at Kill Devil Hills, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in December 1903, the British Government and scientific establishments were sceptical of their claims and dismissed the existence and future potential of powered flight (Grant 2003).
The French, meanwhile, were more enthusiastic and, in July 1909, Louis Bleriot became the first man to fly the English Channel. However, his pioneering flight inadvertently raised some difficult geopolitical questions concerning the rights of aircraft from one state to use the airspace above another. As Dargon (1919 p146) noted, 'whereas other vehicles…are compelled to keep to existing tracks, aircraft are free to manoeuvre in space and can rapidly and easily surmount all obstacles which have hitherto constituted effective barriers to other forms of locomotion'. According a representative of the Parisian Aerial League, "Before five years are out, England will have ceased to be an island" (cited in Sampson 1984 p23). This new vulnerability to aerial attack alarmed the British Government and, as aircraft threatened the integrity of their national borders, individual states felt compelled to defend themselves against uninvited or hostile 'winged visitors' though a collection of hastily formulated aerial legislation (Brittin and Watson 1972).
Providing a pilot took off, flew within a state's navigable airspace and landed within its national borders there was no problem, but the challenge international services posed to the territorial integrity of individual states produced one of the longest and most acrimonious debates in aeronautical politics, with each nation-state seeking to cede as little and seize control of as much airspace as possible, manipulating international agreements governing economic regulation for their own commercial advantage, while seeking to maintain control over their borders for reasons of defence and national security (Petzinger 1995). Tentative attempts at airspace regulation had occurred in 1900, but the first coherent attempt to bring international aviation under unified control occurred at Paris in 1910, but the mutually incompatible visions held by the representatives of different aerial nations meant that unanimous agreement on the use and regulation of airspace was not forthcoming. The British delegation vehemently opposed French and German proposals for complete freedom of the air and argued that airspace was capable of private dominion and ownership (Veale 1945; Cheng 1962).
In 1911, the British Aerial Navigation Act declared that all of Britain 's airspace, including that of her colonies and dominions, was sovereign territory and therefore inviolable (Butler 2001). This assertion of aerial sovereignty frustrated French and German attempts to begin flights over British territory and gave the British valuable time in which to bring their own air industry up to continental European standards. The idea of an Imperial air route came into being on September 9 th 1911, when, to commemorate the coronation of King George V, an experimental airmail service was flown from Heston aerodrome to Windsor Castle (Salt 1930).
At the outbreak of war in 1914, it was not thought that aircraft would play a significant role in the conflict but, four years later, Britain possessed the largest aircraft manufacturing industry in the world. With a glut of serviceable aircraft and trained aircrew becoming available after the Armistice, a number of demobbed pilots organised themselves into airlines to begin operating on a commercial basis. However, despite the enthusiasm of a few entrepreneurs, the British Government did not see the potential for civil aviation, and civilian flying was not authorised until 1919.
In April that year, a proving flight was made between Heston and Le Bourget aerodrome near Paris, and on 25 th August 1919, an aircraft belonging to the British company, Air Transport and Travel (AT&T), left Hounslow for Le Bourget on what was the world's first scheduled international passenger service (Davies 1964). Vigorous cross-Channel competition began in earnest between British, French, Belgian and Dutch carriers later that year but, unlike their continental competitors, British companies received no state subsidy or support, with the then Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, famously declaring that "civil aviation must fly by itself" (cited in McCormack 1989 p377).
Such expressions of parsimony hindered the growth of the fledgling British airline industry and many pioneering carriers soon declared bankruptcy. In 1921, in an effort to highlight the unequal regulatory environment, Britain 's Handley-Page Transport and Instone Air Line suspended operations on the London-Paris route (Instone 1938). The strike forced a change of Government policy and, with the promise of state support, services were resumed within a month on a mutually cooperative basis (Walters 1979). Yet despite the injection of state subsidies, both carriers struggled to become viable commercial enterprises, as inclement weather over the Channel often disrupted flights and forced passengers to travel by train or ship (ibid. 1979).
By the end of the First World War, Britain 's empire had attained unprecedented geographical size. The nearest point was 1500 miles away from Britain, and the furthest some 12,000 miles away and linking these territories by air became increasingly important following the destruction of Britain 's maritime fleet during the war. The revolution in air transport regulation after the 1919 Versailles Treaty enhanced prospects for a more closely-bonded British empire, and the realisation that air travel could 'liberate the empire from the fetters of its geography' (James 1994 p438) caused the British to combine air sovereignty, which would protect their domestic industry, with a liberal formula that would facilitate the expansion of British air services overseas (Millichap 2000; Butler 2001). The new Secretary of State for Air, Sir Samuel Hoare, enthusiastically embraced aviation's imperial potential and formulated a futuristic vision of a British 'Empire of the Air', in which distance, that 'great enemy of imperial solidarity', was conquered (McCormack 1989 p378). "In the creation of air routes", Hoare said, "I saw…the chance of uniting the scattered countries of the Empire and the Commonwealth" (cited in Sampson 1984 p28).
Supportive politicians and aviators gave impassioned speeches as to the importance of developing a long-haul empire air service (Grahame-White 1919; Salt 1930), for it was believed 'the nation that controls the air will control the earth' (Lowell Thomas 1927 cited in Gordon 2004 p74).
In a bid to stress aviation's utility to the development, maintenance, and policing of empire, many daring aeronautical events were staged for public consumption. In 1919, Sir Ross Smith flew from London to Australia and declared that his epic 20-day fight had helped 'bind closer the outposts of empire through the trails of the skies' (James 1994 p438). Sir Alan Cobham undertook long-distance flights to Australia and South Africa (Cobham 1926a, 1926b), and in 1924, he flew a publicity flight to Africa because 'it was thought…that by flying to Africa in one day, a great impression would be created in the public mind which would draw attention to the aeroplane as a reliable and practical means of progression' (Cobham 1925 p297). However, the infrastructure, finance, and expertise did not yet exist to enable these feats to be replicated on a regular basis.
By 1922, the remaining British passenger airlines were in serious financial difficulties and a Civil Air Transport Subsidies Committee, or 'Hambling Committee', was appointed in 1923 to investigate the feasibility of nationalisation. In a report dated 15 th February 1923, the Committee suggested that in order to facilitate the formation of an imperial air network it would be necessary to purchase and amalgamate the four surviving independent British airlines; British Marine Air Navigation, Daimler Airways, Handley Page Transport, and Instone Airlines (Davies 1964). Accordingly, on 3 rd December 1923, the British Air Council signed an agreement with the promoters of a new airline, the 'Imperial Air Transport Company'. To finance the operation, 'Imperial Airways' was awarded a £1 million subsidy payable over 10 years and assumed the assets of the four existing companies, which comprised 13 old military aircraft and 1760 miles of cross-Channel routes (Champion 1956; Walters 1979). The new national airline, the 'chosen instrument' of British imperial air policy, began flying to a limited range of European destinations, including Paris and Cologne, in 1924 (Salt 1930).
On January 7th 1927, Imperial Airways assumed responsibility for the 1,100 mile Cairo to Baghdad airmail route that had been operated by the Royal Air Force since 1921. The new commercial service was initially run at fortnightly intervals and took a little over three days to complete (Salt 1930). This route was subsequently expanded east, first to Karachi in April 1929 and then Jodhpur and Delhi, in what was British India, eight months later, and passengers were accepted in addition to the mail (Pirie 2004). Services to Calcutta, Rangoon, and Singapore were inaugurated in 1933, and flights to Hong Kong were started the following year. A subsidised 'Empire Air Mail Scheme' began operating between London and Australia in December 1934, and passengers were carried from early 1935 (Edmonds 1999). At the time, the 12,722 miles from London to Brisbane represented the longest air route in the world and took over 10 days to complete (Finch 1938). At this time, Imperial's only long-haul rival was the Dutch carrier KLM who competed with Imperial on certain Middle Eastern sectors that formed part of their Amsterdam-Batavia route (Davies 1964).
In addition to expanding east, Imperial Airways was also heading south. In 1918, the Baird Committee, reporting to Lloyd George, had advocated the inauguration of a Cairo to Cape Town air service (McCormack 1989). The route was surveyed in 1919, but financial and operational difficulties meant that scheduled services did not begin until the early 1930s. The first section of the route, from Cairo to Khartoum, was opened in 1931, and in January 1932, a regular service from London to Cape Town was inaugurated. This ran weekly, routing via Paris, Brindisi, Alexandria, Cairo and Khartoum, and linked up the 'red route' of British colonies in Africa on the way, fulfilling Cecil Rhodes' dream of a Cape to Cairo route, albeit by air as opposed to rail, and generating a rush for passengers and routes that was not unlike the 'scramble' for territory in the late 19th century (Brown 1932; McCormack 1976). By 1936, almost every 'sizeable' town in British Africa, including Kano and Accra in the west, had an air service (Pirie 2004).
By the middle of the decade, Imperial flew over fifty-nine thousand miles of interconnecting airways and linked over five hundred airfields around the world (Gordon 2004). Yet while performing a valuable political function in extending a "sphere of influence" over smaller nations (Crouch 2003 p11), the services were expensive and a test of endurance for aircrew and passengers alike (Brown 1932). In the mid-1930s, a journey from London to Cape Town took nearly four days and was accomplished in 33 separate stages, involving six changes of aircraft and requiring intermediate stops at (among other places) Tripoli, Cairo, Khartoum, Nairobi, Bulawayo, and Johannesburg (Salt 1930). Nevertheless, this represented a substantial reduction in conventional journey times and passengers reportedly considered the journey itself to be an adventure (Frater 1986).
Despite the speed with which new services were inaugurated, the operational difficulties pilots encountered were considerable. As W F Willis, the official charged with finding suitable landing grounds in Southern Sudan in the early 1920s remarked, "Climatic and atmospheric conditions in equatorial Africa are most unfavourable for flying; sand-storms…travelling at a terrific speed, more dense than the thickest London fog and changing the whole face of the ground, occur frequently…electric storms are particularly violent…[and]…terrific "bumps" are encountered owing to the high hills, extreme heat, and sudden changes of temperature between night and day" (cited in Brown 1932 p364). Passengers were frequently roused at 5am or earlier so the aircraft could be airborne before the sun rose too high in the sky and created large thermal currents (Frater 1986). The local topography also presented unique challenges with respect to wayfinding and navigation. In the Middle East, convoys of motor vehicles were dispatched to dig trenches in the sand to aid navigation and demarcate landing grounds (Blake 1923), while a network of 12 Marconi wireless stations were erected down the spine of Africa to prevent aircrew from getting lost (Brown 1932). Despite these visual and technological aids, sparsely populated terrain was overflown with trepidation, as emergency teams could take several days to locate and reach a downed aircraft, by which time the occupants could have succumbed to exhaustion, thirst, heat stroke, or tropical disease, or been attacked by wild animals or hostile tribesmen (Frater 1986).
Practical difficulties aside, the development of this global aerial network was vitally important in maintaining contact with the colonies and promoting Britain's 'worldliness' and technological capability. As Lissitzyn (1942 p56) noted, 'the possession of well-developed air transport, especially…international traffic, is a factor enhancing the prestige of a nation at home, in its colonies and abroad. The very existence of such air transport seems to indicate that the nation is progressive, efficient and highly civilised, and that it is contributing its share to the progress of mankind'. However, some Middle Eastern and African peoples did not appreciate being overflown and 'taking pot-shots at passing airlines [became] the custom for rifle-toting tribesmen who had no desire to enjoy the 'benefits' of an alien civilisation' (Walters 1979 p19).
Such danger apparently only served to reinforce the notion that flying was a modern and exciting way to travel and, by 1934, aviation was sufficiently popular for Bradshaw's of London to publish the first in a series of monthly International Air Guides that provided timetables of all the world's scheduled air services. By this time, the 8458-mile journey from London to Singapore cost £180 and was achieved in eight days courtesy of intermediate stops at Paris, Brindisi, Athens, Alexandra, Cairo, Gaza, Baghdad, Basra, Kuwait, Bahrein [sic], Sharjah, Gwadar, Karachi, Jodhpur, Delhi, Cawnpore, Allahabad, Calcutta, Akgats, Rangoon, Bangkok, and Alor Star (Sampson 1984). All food, accommodation, and hotel transfers (where applicable) were included in the price, and advertisements stressed the civility of flight (London 2007). According to Pirie (2004), some 46,330 people used Imperial Airways' empire air services between 1930 and 1939, and records suggest that the majority of passengers were high-ranking military or colonial officials or wealthy members of the British aristocracy who did much to disseminate British culture and British political ideology around the world (Frater 1986).
Imperial's policy of focusing on long-haul air services meant that they neglected their European network. While Sir Samuel Hoare remained convinced 'that the future of British civil aviation lay in the long-distance Empire routes, and not in the short joy-rides between the capitals of Europe' (cited in Frater 1986 p214), the vice-President of the newly formed pilot's union BALPA complained that 'Imperial Airways' service in Europe…is the laughing stock of the world' (cited in Sampson 1984 p30). Routes to Berlin and Amsterdam had been abandoned in the mid-1920s, and by the mid-1930s, Imperial operated only two intra-European services: London-Paris (with a summer-only extension to Zurich) and London-Brussels-Cologne (Davies 1964). Continental carriers meanwhile were proving to be astute competitors, and though not able to match Imperial's extensive international services, focused their attention on developing a dense network of intra-European services (ibid. 1964).
In 1935, the Government-appointed Cadman Committee produced a scathing report of Imperial Airways operations, criticising its poor staff relations, its obsolete equipment, and its failure to develop European services (Sampson 1984). As the aviation historian R.E.G. Davies remarked, 'in the eyes of Imperial Airways the continent of Europe seemed to amount to about five miles around the Eiffel Tower and a few lake resorts in Switzerland' (1964 p59). The Cadman Committee thus recommended that overseas routes should be split in two, with Imperial operating long-haul empire air routes and the responsibility for developing intra-European services be delegated to a new carrier, the original British Airways. This division, however, was never satisfactory. In 1936, with British Airways flying to Scandinavia, Berlin, Warsaw, Budapest, Brussels, and Paris, Imperial Airways was still serving Frankfurt, Zurich and Paris.
While Imperial only served a limited range of European destinations, their global network was among the most extensive in the world. Crucial to its success was the provision of refuelling and maintenance facilities en route. Owing to the relatively slow speeds and limited range of Imperial's passenger aircraft, emergency landing grounds and passenger rest houses had to be constructed at regular intervals. Some of these landing grounds were upgraded military airbases, while others were entirely new constructions. The airstrip and rest house in the desert oasis of Rutbah Wells in the Syrian Desert was specially built for Imperial Airways by the Iraqi Government and defended against hostile tribes by armed infantry. One passenger wrote of the 'unforgettable experience of arriving at the most desolate and extraordinary hostelry in the world', while another remarked on 'the absurdity of coming down [in the morning] to an English ham and egg breakfast in the middle of the desert' (cited in Frater 1986 p85). While Rutbah Wells and others like it were rest stops, where passengers were not expected to embark or disembark, archival evidence shows some intermediate airports did generate (albeit modest) levels of local traffic. Of the six passengers on a flight from Salisbury to Johannesburg in January 1937, one had boarded at Alexandria, one at Cairo, one at Khartoum, one at Nairobi, and two at Salisbury (Pirie 2004 p74). Likewise, on the Kisumu-Durban route in the mid-1930s, 'almost a third of paying passengers who boarded at Mozambican stops flew…internally to other Mozambican stops' (ibid. 2004 p76).
Given the linear nature of the air routes that radiated out from London, the necessity of regular stops, and the extent of British global geopolitical influence, global air centrality in the 1930s was held by Egypt and Palestine. Owing to its geographical location, Cairo became one of the busiest airports in the world, and all Imperial Airways aircraft, whether destined for Europe, Africa, or Asia, converged on the Egyptian capital. Back then, the pattern of world cities (as measured by air passenger numbers) was radically different to today, with Cairo, Khartoum, Gaza, Baghdad, Basra, Gwadar, Karachi, and Rangoon emerging as key nodes in a developing global air network. As well as operating long-haul empire air services, the British were also responsible for helping establish local airlines that ferried passengers and cargo to and from the main trunk services (Davies 1964). As longer-range aircraft were introduced, the relative importance of these airports diminished and new destinations gained prominence, but their early association with civil aviation had a lasting legacy. In the 1980s, all but two of the 35 airfields used by Imperial Airways on their London to Australia services (Gaza and Rutbah Wells) were still in use by scheduled passenger services (Frater 1986).
In November 1938 the British Government put forward proposals to merge Imperial Airways and British Airways into one state-owned corporation. On August 4 th 1939, Royal Assent was given to a Bill that sought to create a new carrier, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). The Act came into force on 24 th November 1939, and BOAC officially assumed the assets of Imperial and British Airways on 1 st April 1940, for £2.66m and £260,000 respectively (Davies 1964).
The mid-1920s and 1930s are often nostalgically referred to as the 'Golden Age' of British civil aviation. In its sixteen years of operation, Britain 's Imperial Airways developed and promoted long-haul aviation as a viable means of long-distance travel and formulated and maintained a global aerial network that ushered in a new era of post-war globalisation and mass aeromobility. Though criticised as being the product of an imperial power in decline (Ewer 2007), Imperial Airways established both the material and cultural foundations on which post-war civilian aviation would flourish and thus its importance must not be underestimated.
Brown S A (1932) The South and East African Year Book and Guide for 1932 38 th Issue London, Sampson Low, Marston and Co. Ltd.
Cobham A (1925) Skyways London Nisbet & Co. Ltd.
Cobham A (1926a) Australia and Back London A & C Black Ltd.
Cobham A (1926b) My Flight to the Cape and Back London, A & C Black Ltd.
Cole D H (1950) Imperial Military Geography 10 th Ed. London, Sifton Praed and Co.
Crouch T D (2003) Wings A History of Aviation from Kites to the Space Age New York, W W Norton and Co.


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ROCK BAND THE SIMPLE RADICALS RELEASES A NEW ROCKABILLY ROCKABILITY SONG "LET'S SEE WHAT YOU GOT"
By Wendy D. Johnson on	 November 16, 2021 Music band
John Malkin Guitar / Vocals, John Griffin Lead Guitar
Song featured on multiple Spotify playlists, including top TikTok songs of 2021
NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES, Nov. 16, 2021 /EINPresswire.com/ – Chicago-based rock band The Simple Radicals released their latest song called "Let's See What You Got", which features a rockabilly sound thrilling that will even make ZZ Top fans envy. To further amplify the energy and dynamics, the song has been used as a soundtrack for sports-themed videos, including wrestlers performing amazing moves and jaw-dropping antennae.
The song is available on Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube, and the group's website www.thesimpleradicals.com. It has been featured on several Spotify playlists including Rock Workout 2021, Best TikTok Songs 2021, and Gaming Rock & Hits.
The song has already made its way to Melbourne, Australia where it garners the attention and enthusiasm of the Down Under.
"Let's See What You Got" was recorded at Griffin Audio Media Studio in Grayslake, IL and Factory Underground Studio in Norwalk, CT.
The song is another sequel to their album "New Revolution" which featured the release of their lyrical video "New Revolution", which ironically foreshadowed some of the political and social turmoil the country is experiencing today.
About simple radicals
Inspired by the sounds of Pearl Jam, Foo Fighters, Tom Petty, Green Day and Cheap Trick, Chicago-based rock band The Simple Radicals capture the passion and energy of their collective musical experience to create rock 'n' roll pure and visceral – poignant, heartfelt, topical and straightforward. The group has been invited to present at SXSW and perform at music festivals alongside groups such as Jefferson Starship, Puddle of Mudd, Molly Hatchet, Blackfoot and Blue Oyster Cult.
Benedict Lowe, Head of Advertising and Marketing
Simple radicals
Visit us on social networks:
Let's see what you got
November 16, 2021, 19:36 GMT
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Colombian sports correspondent Julieth Gonzalez Theran was doing her job, reporting on the World Cup for DW Espanol ahead of the Russia-Saudi Arabia soccer match, when a man walked up to her, grabbed her breast, and kissed her cheek. The camera was rolling, though, and because Gonzalez Theran is a professional, she continued her report as the man scampered off. She did not offer a finger-pointing lesson in the definition of assault or even a swift kick to the shin.
It's part of a larger pattern of harassment of sports reporters who happen to be female. ESPN reporter Erin Andrews has been harassed by fans, tennis player Maxime Hamou was banned from the French Open after forcibly kissing a female reporter during a live TV interview, and in March, a group of 52 Brazilian reporters launched a campaign showcasing incidents of being kissed and groped by fans and athletes. We can at least all agree that this doesn't happen to Bob Costas—and it shouldn't happen to anyone.
A DW reporter was sexually harassed while covering the #WorldCup. @JULIETHCGT was kissed, groped by a man while reporting from Moscow.
The incident can be seen here (00:13).


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Drunk History and Corporate Return in January; Jim Gaffigan Returns with Comedy Central Special
Comedy Central's Drunk History and Corporate are both back with new episodes beginning Tuesday, January 15 at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT and 10:30 p.m. ET/PT respectively. Celebrating its 6th season premiere, Drunk History devotes a full episode to an Are You Afraid Of The Dark parody around Mary Shelley's creation of Frankenstein. The episode features A-list talent including, Evan Rachel Wood as Mary, Seth Rogen as Dr. Frankenstein, Elijah Wood as Percy Shelley, Jack McBrayer as Lord Byron and Will Ferrell as Frankenstein's Monster. The episode is narrated by Rich Fulcher.
Season two of the critically-acclaimed Corporate will feature its own lineup of star-studded guests with Kyra Sedgwick, Elizabeth Perkins, Kristen Schaal, Sasheer Zamata, Baron Vaughn and Andy Richter. Corporate stars series' creators/writers/executive producers Matt Ingebretson and Jake Weisman as two Junior Executives-in-Training at Hampton DeVille, a heartless, corporate hell-hole led by tyrannical CEO Christian DeVille (Lance Reddick) and his top lieutenants, sycophants John and Kate (Adam Lustick and Anne Dudek). As Matt and Jake navigate an ever-revolving series of disasters their only ally is Grace (Aparna Nancherla), a Hampton DeVille Human Resources rep who is beleaguered by both her job and her exhausting relationship with the very needy Matt and Jake. As previously announced, Comedy Central will debut the final season of Broad City on Thursday, January 24 at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT, followed by the series premiere of Comedy Central's brand new, half-hour scripted series The Other Two.
In more Comedy Central news, Jim Gaffigan is back on Comedy Central on Friday, November 23 at 11:00 p.m. ET/PT in the network debut of Jim Gaffigan: Noble Ape, a special 90 minute event. In Noble Ape, Gaffigan gets personal as he discusses the medical crisis that hit his wife and family this year, which almost led to his retirement. Using his signature everyman humor to deal with the unthinkable, Gaffigan proves why the Wall Street Journal called him the "king of clean comedy." Noble Ape was recorded live at the Wilbur Theatre in Boston, MA after a sold out North American Tour of theaters and arenas. A Comedy Dynamics original, it premiered on July 13 in theaters and on demand. Leading up to the on-air premiere, cc.com and the CC App will feature preview clips from the special. On Saturday, November 24, the full special will be available to stream in the CC App and on CC.com. Fans can follow Gaffigan on Twitter at @JimGaffigan and Comedy Central Stand-Up at @standup to join the social conversation around #NobleApe.
Labels: Comedy Central, Corporate, Drunk History, The Jim Gaffigan Show
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Underneath the Mask – Beth Kinderman – Yeah, Filk!
I haven't posted in ages, and I feel bad about that. Have a Star War!
"Underneath the Mask," by Beth Kinderman. I got to sing with Beth at Marscon this year, she's great. Anyone who ends up at a convention in the Midwest somewhere, I strongly advise looking for her.
Sung by Beth Kinderman, featuring Justin Hartley on drums and Dave Stagner on electric guitar and synths.


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Ultraglow is the original bronzing powder, used by leading professional make-up artists. Traditionally, the product's identity has been based on designs inspired by the sun reflecting its core qualities and use. We were asked to evolve the identity to add excitement to the brand and highlight its superior quality and performance.
Create an identity that evolves the existing design heritage for a new generation of consumers.
Position Ultraglow as the leading brand in its sector, endorsed by professionals.
Build preference for the brand and increase share.
Develop packaging that would stand out in retail outlets.
Develop an evolutionary identity that was fresh, but reflected the brand's heritage.
Create a design inspired by overlapping sun rings.
Utilise elegant line work and a metallic bronze palette to highlight the product's superior quality.
Print in metallic bronze to reflect the product's core qualities.


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Let's Make The DIA The Next Thing We Demolish Downtown
While the Downtown Investment Authority is officially tasked with building up Downtown, in recent months it has taken to tearing it down instead. If Jacksonville ever wants to see a thriving downtown, something drastic needs to change at the DIA.
J.D. McGregor
The Downtown Investment Authority has been in the news lately, due to the revelation that the anonymous scorecards its board used to select former City Council president Lori Boyer as the organization's new head violated the state's sunshine law. This snafu was finally resolved with a new vote, but it was just the latest in a series of mistakes and controversies that have plagued the DIA recently. With the DIA plowing forward with bad plans to turn buildings into ever more grass fields, it raises the question: is it time to blow up the DIA too?
The DIA was founded in 2012 by then-mayor Alvin Brown. Perhaps Brown's most significant accomplishment as mayor, it was the first city agency tasked exclusively with reviving downtown since the former Downtown Development Authority was effectively eliminated in 2006. The core idea of the DIA is that the agency could speed up the approvals process and execute long-term plans transcending mayoral administrations and city councils - something many of Jacksonville's peers have adopted.
The DIA has had a number of accomplishments, but the chief criticism about it has always been that it is not independent enough. It has limited funding and its decisions are beholden to the city budget process, meaning the mayor and City Council hold a lot of sway over its decisions. Expert analysis and long-term decision making take a back seat to the prerogatives of the sitting leadership.
This might not be a bad arrangement if Downtown was already on the right track, or if Jacksonville's political leadership made consistently decent decisions about Downtown. Unfortunately, neither of those things is the case today.
The DIA did have some measure of continuity between administrations under its first CEO, Aundra Wallace, who served under both mayors Alvin Brown and Lenny Curry. But from the time Wallace departed in October 2018 until Lori Boyer took over in July, Brian Hughes, Curry's chief of staff and now his Chief Administrative Officer, served as interim CEO of the DIA. His selection removed any pretense that the DIA had some independence from the mayor's office.
Hughes is by all accounts a brilliant man and effective campaign strategist with an expansive and impressive resume. However, his considerable experience has not been in the areas of downtown development, administration, or frankly Jacksonville - he moved to town only in January 2018, to take the chief of staff position. Making matters worse, the DIA's humorously bad staff page currently shows that the DIA is down to only three employees: the CEO (fittingly, the website still has Brian Hughes in the role), operations manager Guy Parola, and an executive assistant. And it shows: since October 2018, the DIA has spearheaded some of the worst decisions in Downtown Jacksonville's recent history.
Yes, this is what the DIA's website actually looks like.


The holiday season is still upon us with the last few days of 2016 left to soak up. We had a wonderful Christmas holiday up north full of family and much needed R&R. We are still undecided on our New Year's plans which also means I am undecided on what to wear. It all depends on the atmosphere and location, but this look is at the top of my list of options! Equal parts festive and comfortable- the perfect combination!
This silky slip can also be dressed up by swapping the chunky knit sweater for a faux fur coat – an ultra glam New Year's look! I love the soft blush color, but the silver is stunning too (both on sale!). These velvet heels and this pair of statement earrings would complete the look perfectly! How do you plan to ring in 2017- a cozy night in or a fancy night out?


Since the LePage administration is so concerned about obesity, I'm surprised such a waiver isn't high on the list of priorities — especially considering adult obesity in Maine is a much bigger problem than childhood obesity.
The LePage administration would do well to obsess about hunger in Maine as much as they obsess about controlling people's choices.
Knowing something is unhealthy is one thing; stopping it is a different issue entirely.
LePage doesn't care what we think about the asset test, so why is he even asking us?
Mainers are concerned about neighbors losing jobs in the recent flurry of announced mill closures. LePage, on the other hand, wants to prevent people from getting help to feed their families.
It's important to remember this program is about combating hunger, not making LePage feel better about what he thinks he sees.


If you think that you could make a good use of such shapes, sizes and designs, feel free to do it. Actually, there are many customers who have managed to do it before you and they do not regret their choices. How about you and your preferences when it comes to such designs?
Console table with 2 side cabinets and 2 drawers for storing needed stuff. Construction is made of wood and reinforced with solid supports. Neutral design for each place as needed.
An antique sideboard buffet, which is a solid piece made of top quality oak wood with no veneer. Built with great precision and attention to details, it will serve you for a lifetime. A beautiful accent of every room.
Solid wooden server with an attractive oak finish. It offers a horizontal plate rack located over rectangular top. It also features three short and one long drawer and three compartments in the lowest area.
This solid, wooden desk represents a typical mission style. Simple construction, yet very practical and neat. The use of solid oak wood guarantees high-quality and sustainability for years.
This beautiful dining serves combines elegant design with functionality. The furniture is hand constructed of solid oak and will last many years. The server features multiple storage drawers and shelves hidden behind panel doors. Ideal solution for kitchen, dining room or even a restaurant.
Rough, primitive style, lots of drawers, mirror hidden inside - this mission oak server can for sure provide versatility and plenty of functions to wherever it is set in. If you appreciate fair woodwork, you can't miss it.
Heavy mission oak server featuring a beveled glass mirror and shelf incorporated into a backsplash. Double door cabinet comes with two drawers above. A dependable mirrored buffet server for traditional interiors.
A casual dining server which is suitable for bars and kitchens. It is constructed from solid wood that makes it sturdy and durable. It features two spacious drawers with full extensions to keep small yet necessary items.
This piece of furniture is a solid, attractive and spacious server. It is created for use in dining rooms. It has got six drawers and two compartments that assure quite large storage space. The server is 66 inches wide x 21 inches deep x 43 inches high.
This beauty of a server sports the mission styled design and comes with the kiln-dried hardwood structure as well as the 12-step finish with mild distressing, all creating a truly visually appealing piece.
Mission Oak Server,! Beautiful! Antique! W/Mirror! 3 Drawers & Cabinet! Very Sweet!!! Rare Find!!! Arts & Crafts Period. ***Has It's Key!!!*** DoveTailed Drawers!
Beautiful detailing, antique sideboard, server and buffet made from Oak will add a sense of timeless class in your home. It is multifunctional can be used as a cabinet or a exquisite looking home bar.
Traditional style, capacious server with functional removable top. The centre panel features wine rack. Side doors with storage cabinet behind them are equipped in round knobs made of brushed silvery metal.
Smart designe of this buffet allows to show a wine collection in practical and stylish way - wine storage panels are removable. This buffet is fully made of solid hardwood with dark brown veneer finish.
Traditional kitchen buffet. This functional table has a durable wooden construction and attractive brown oak finish. The buffet features spacious storage drawers, an open bottom shelf and a sturdy top, which is perfect for food preparation.
This buffet server cabinet comes with the most elegant and classy-looking antique oak finish, while the design allows for plenty of functionality, offering a place to hold your china and wine bottles neatly.
This type of product plays a functional and decorative role. It is a pub server that is very functional in home bars or living rooms. The product is made of solid hardwood and it includes many storage drawers and compartments.


Build the Dream: STEM Conference is a FREE fun and inspiring conference geared towards increasing the participation, retention and advancement of the number of young Latinas in science, technology, engineering, and math. Young Latina girls and a parent or mentor meet with engineers and scientists who live and work in their own communities, serve as role models at the conference, and as possible future mentors. They will share details about their career, answer questions, and give you a little taste of daily life in their workplace. The girls will also have a tour of Fermilab, the most advanced high energy physics laboratory in the world.
Students wishing to participate must be a Latina in middle school thru high school and must be accompanied by an adult.
Please click on the 'More Information' tab below to direct you to the registration form.


The Resource Pacific Coast (U.S.) -- History | Anecdotes.
1 Items that share the Concept Pacific Coast (U.S.) -- History | Anecdotes.
Context of Pacific Coast (U.S.) -- History | Anecdotes.
Data Citation of the Concept Pacific Coast (U.S.) -- History | Anecdotes.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
describe('ng-terminal-example.command.implementations', function () {

    beforeEach(module('ng-terminal-example.command.implementations', function ($provide) {
        $provide.value('$ga',function(){});
    }));

    var broker = null;

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        it('Clean execution', function () {

            var session = {
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                commands: []
            };

            broker.execute(session, "version");
            expect(session.output.length).toEqual(1);
            expect(session.output[0].text[0]).toEqual('Version 0.1 Beta');
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    });
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My coffee in the morning .
Days spent getting coffee with my daughter.
The honest sincere talks with my son.
The way my husbands face lights up when he laughs and smiles.
Weekend backroad rides in the country with my husband.
The late night talks or laughs with my daughter about random things.
The sunsets at night through my window.
Enjoying sitting on our deck staring at the stars .
Wishing on a shooting star .
Author windsofchange18Posted on February 21, 2019 February 22, 2019 Tags cherish it, family, life, little things, love, memories, moments, what matters20 Comments on The Little Things..
Credits to Pexels photo : Since my son graduated from high school in June , it's been a crazy time . Summer spent with him doing his thing ,running with friends .. working .. but there was more bonfires and family parties since he would be heading off to Basic training in the fall. The memories of high school already fading . And the new changes starting with now both kids adults and living their life. I started to settle in with the quietness , less of my sons friends being around less of him being around as well as my daughter. More time spent with my hubby , more weekends spent taking a drive getting coffee , watching movies with takeouts with him or quiet moments while he slept on the couch and I actually enjoying a book. . Redoing certain parts of our home repainting .. changing the decor . It was time. So all good with this change . Then yesterday as I drove through town getting my errands done I noticed no one at the school .I need to go by to get to the Post Office, some kids walking through town , then it dawned on me …February vacation even though I have read blog post with the talk of vacation it just didn't phase me .
First February vacation childless! and just another week for me. Loved Feb Vacation ..kids having sleepovers making sure there was a ton of food (snacks ) in the house, movies the kids would have piled up to watch ,blankets and pillows all laid out on our living room floor in front of the Tv , the Xbox out ready to hookup to the tv , board games , ready, yeah for us it pretty much was staying home and doing things here late nights. oh there was days sledding and even nighttime sledding with the yard lit up ..till they were cold and soaked so hot chocolate for everyone. Then settling in the living room and as my hubby and I laid in bed the sounds of giggling from the girls jumping and laughing from the boys till silents took over ..with them finally falling asleep .It's a bittersweet thought as I was laying in bed thinking about it ..especially with the house being so quiet and I in bed earlier then midnight if kids were here. This is the moments when life slaps you in the face and you realize how far you come and how much time as gone by… kind of a awakening how fast life really fly's by.. I miss them but life has to move on keep moving forward.and I guess that's why the memories we make are so important. So make a lot of them . Enjoy the time …even if there are times the kids have you wanting to scream 🙂 oh I remember those days and can actually laugh because even now with my son being 18 and listening to what his plans are when he gets home in a couple of weeks makes me feel that the screaming , rolling of my eyes time are not over just yet.. the good thing I can walk away if need be and let him figure it out .. hopefully 🙄lol!
Author windsofchange18Posted on February 20, 2019 March 8, 2019 Tags changes, enjoy, family, life, love, memories, moment, thinking, time12 Comments on Changes..
The day seems to fly by now with the sun settlings earlier captured a nice photo of the sun setting and then the darkness followed shortly after. . The day went as plan errand to the post office . Then cleaned around the house for a bit until my daughter asked if I wanted to go with her to get her studs on her car at the garage and grab a coffee at our many coffee stops in town. We both ordered a pumpkin spice flavor coffee. After she went with a friend for a bit and I started supper for my hubby and I . Very easy (hahaha) fish stick , mashed potatoes with gravy and a veggie defiantly easy .tomorrow I think meatloaf. After supper was done and cleaned up my daughter arrived home and as my hubby was catching the nightly news her and I sat at the kitchen table chatting and laughing , always the best chats around the kitchen table if my son was home he would be sitting there as well. Something about a certain place in your house that is a comforting setting for good chats and memorable moments. I believe this started with my mom we had the best chats around my family home growing up . I will always remember those times growing up seeing my parents with their coffee in hand chatting away and laughing and then when I grew up I joined in . Nice memory. ❤ after the time flew by and my daughter was ready to go settle down in her place . My hubby and I settled too and enjoyed our favorite show well one of them .. Seal Team . Show is over house is quiet except for the sound of my hubby sleeping away as I think I will now . First need to say my nightly prayers and send a prayer my sons way that I'm thinking of him .and then I can get some sleep a bit earlier tonight.
Author windsofchange18Posted on November 8, 2018 November 9, 2018 Tags chats around the table, childhood, earlier night, famiily, laughing moments, memories, Prayers, sunsets1 Comment on Ahh night ..
Now that everything has calmed down , The high school days have come to an end. Graduation has come been celebrated and enjoyed … BUT now I have all those photos of football games ,track meets ,color day dress up day graduation ,so on so on .. filling up my phone . Now it's. time for some projects I believe will or should keep me busy for awhile … taking the photos off my phone printing them organizing them in categories in a memory photo book for my son . Hopefully I will be able to finish it before I do one for a National Guard album , that one will be sm I will not be able to fill with much , at least I can capture some things for him for a keepsake.
Then I've discovered the interest of creating a Fairy garden for my own project . My mother in-law has one and I found it interesting so I thought I would try creating one , bought a few pieces so far now to do this as well, then there is my house needs we are thinking of giving the kitchen a makeover ..well over due I guess I have enough to keep me busy .. and my phone will be happy to have all the photos off as well I will keep some on it so I can enjoy . Hmmm I may need a lot of coffee while I'm doing all this., I would say wine but then nothing will get done .. wine for me is for just plain relaxing next to a bonfire or on a cold cozy day inside , coffee will keep me focused🙂 I will post when I get things started and done , this will take a bit but a happy good kind if busy .
Friday late afternoon started out warm but as the evening came it became chilly , once again at my sons high school for the D2″s championships have begun , my son did well not his best but then again according to our local paper but I believe 2nd place in his relay is nothing to judge about . These are athletes from all the counties around us ,the best of the best competing and after the day before being up at 4 to be at his Army National Guard medial exam he did well . He has a lot on his mind and being his last D2 meet and on his home track is emotional as well. He has ran this track for 4 Year's now and I know how much he will miss all of this. Now I know my husband will he just loves watching them . I do too but let's just say the cold is hard to take .. even thought it's May it was freezing last night sitting on those bleachers are rough not very comfortable and so by 9:30 after being there at 4 ,5and 1/2 hrs was enough. Getting home and eating which we hadn't yet I was following asleep just getting a couple of slices of pizza in .hahaha I finally gave up and settle into bed under my electric blanket. My son had came home a bit after us and was so tired just headed to his bedroom and fell into bed and said can't do a shower we let him be and let him just get some sleep. I know though that he laid there thinking about how this was his last meet on his home turf ., Because he is a lot like me and thinks a lot .. especially about moments.
Today was a rainy day and busy but that's for another day …as I look at the clock I think it's time to call it a day . Still a bit tired from last night. so Goodnight everyone.
Author windsofchange18Posted on May 20, 2018 May 21, 2018 Tags lasts, life, meets, memories, moments, running, thinkingLeave a comment on Another last ..


Searching IndustryNet for Fiber Optic Modems, servicing Oklahoma (OK).
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The Eltham is a beautiful looking designer bed frame upholstered in sumptuous grey velvet. With it's buttoned headboard handy storage ottoman and will look perfect in both contemporary and traditional style bedrooms. The storage ottoman features 2 gas lift mechanisms that enable a very easy lifting of the frame, to reveal a large under bed storage area. Perfect for storing bedding or personal possessions. The bed also benefits from a sprung slatted base for ultimate comfort and to maintain your mattress in the best possible condition.


Initially proposed in the year 2006, the heavy lift Chinook helicopter that can deftly transport artillery guns in peaks will finally be introduced into the Indian Air Force next week. Also, four of the 15 choppers to be bought will be commissioned on March 25 despite escalated tensions with rivals Pakistan.
The heavy lift helicopters which sport a killer look will join Indian Army's battle potentials as they can transport soldiers and the newly inducted M777 Howitzer guns to altitudes in mortal combat locations.
Another big information is that the CH-47 Chinook is an American helicopter manufactured by Boeing and India splashed a $3 billion (estimated at Rs 20,600 crore at today's exchange rate) deal in 2015.
IAF had earlier been using the Mi-26 heavy-lift helicopters since 1987, but now it needed a replacement.
As a result, introducing these helicopters will uplift India's capabilities considering the requirement of quick transportation of troops in higher altitudes along the Line of Control and the China frontier along with artillery guns.
It should be noted that the first batch of the four helicopters will be based in Chandigarh. The CAG also raised some questions on the preference of Chinook since its parameters were a bit lower than the Mi26.
"Audit noted that though the existing Mi-26 helicopters were to be replaced with new HLH, the parameters formulated for procurement were much lower. The max payload capacity was reduced to 11000 kgs as against the 20000 kgs of Mi 26 helicopters.
Seating capacity was also reduced to 45 troops as against the 82 troops of Mi-26 helicopters. The max underslung load was reduced to 10,000 kgs as against the underslung load capacity of 20,000 kgs of Mi-26 helicopter," the CAG stated in its report.
The other batch of Chinook helicopters is expected to be delivered by March 2020 permitting India to deploy them both for Pakistan and China operations.


Industrial safety specialist, Castell, has launched a 72- page product catalogue for its main product range of trapped key interlocks, which are typically used with machine guarding and in the switchgear industry. The catalogue is designed to facilitate understanding and selection of products and systems.
There are three factors to consider when designing a trapped key interlocking system: the power source being isolated; the number of access points there are; and the type of access required.
The layout of the catalogue reflects this selection process, enabling customers to choose the right safety system or products according to their specific requirements.
In addition, an application example is provided for each product to clarify its functions and uses.


We at Promessa are glad to announce our first official Promessa Ambassador. We have received interest from all around the world, but it is no surprise to us that the first ambassador comes from the US and the State of California. The interest from North America is very high, with the West Coast states having most followers.
The Promessa Ambassador program was developed to help spread correct information around Promessa's ecological and environmentally friendly burial and cremation option; promession®. Promessa HQ daily receives multiple contacts through email or phone, with questions and requests for further information. Queries can be from businesses, governments, journalists, academia/students or individuals. In addition, we know there are many more interested in learning about promession, but because Promessa is a Swedish company, the barrier to contact us might be too high. By having local and native ambassadors around the world, we believe it will be easier for interested parties to contact the ambassador instead of the Swedish HQ.
A Promessa Ambassador participates in the same Promessa Masterclass Education Program as Partners, in order to have the same understanding of all aspects related to promession. The Ambassador is also assigned a mentor at Promessa, that s/he can contact for any follow up questions. In addition to further education and interesting studies, the Ambassador also receives the latest information about the company. On our webpage the Ambassador will be listed on a separate "Ambassador" page, where visitors can see who they are, and how to contact the one closest to them.


Girls Inc. of Jacksonville hosts a Daddy Daughter Dance from 6 to 10 p.m. Saturday, Nov. 13, at the Renaissance Resort at the World Golf Village.
Girls Inc. wants 500 fathers and daughters at the fall dance, which is $80 per father/daughter couple and $30 for additional daughters, including dinner and dessert, music, photographs, silent auction and raffle prizes.
Girls Inc.'s Spring Daddy Daughter Dance last year raised more than $37,000 for the agency to support its after-school, summer and outreach programming for girls aged five to 18 in Northeast Florida.
The agency's spring dance is set for 6 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 5, at the Hyatt Regency Riverfront Hotel in downtown Jacksonville.
For more information, visit girlsincjax.org/news/dance.


I struggled a few days in searching for my 2017 word. I wanted it just right! I wanted something that would cause my mind to go into motion, and in a positive direction when I heard the word. I pondered the word "potential" for a few days and I looked strongly at the word "purpose." Both of which are mighty fine words and I still consider them to be sub points. But when pursuit came into my head it stirred up the imagery of chasing God's plan, seeking His will in the direction of my life. Most of the time in scripture, if not all the time, pursuit is used in the form of "pursuing the enemy, as to overtake them." I've felt like that's been me for the most of my life, with my focus being on my enemy's pursuit of me. Feeling I was about to be overcome; always on the brink of destruction. That's a frustrating life to lead. It always wears me out!
So for 2017 I'm pursuing God. And the great thing about that is He's pursuing me back! He's not running from me, He's running toward me. The pursuit is in seeking the next step of God's plan.
Thus saith the Lord, which maketh a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty waters; Which bringeth forth the chariot and horse, the army and the power; they shall lie down together, they shall not rise: they are extinct, they are quenched as tow. Remember ye not the former things, neither consider the things of old. Behold, I will do a new thing; now it shall spring forth; shall ye not know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert.
That new thing! That's what I'm pursuing. Isaiah spoke to Israel about the flight out of Egypt, a time that they were being pursued and God drowned the enemy in the sea. For me, I want the enemy drowned in the sea of forgetfulness never to rise again or be remembered. 2017 is unchartered territories, it may be wilderness, rivers or dessert. But God will make the way if I seek His will for my life.
I'm in pursuit of purpose to reach my full potential in the Lord Jesus Christ. He, Who pursued me through the Holy Spirit, He Who erased my past and cast my sins as far as the east is from the west.
Pursuit doesn't have to be your word for the year for it to be your plan action. I found the following quote in a recent study that said "Allowing God's plan shouldn't create more pressure, but rather lessen the burden to figure things out." I love that! If I stop looking backward, or steering forward, the pressure is off me for direction. Pursuing will hopefully look more like train ride. I just need to get on board and let the Engineer do the work. When it comes to a stop; get out, do the job at hand and then get back on board for the next adventure.
All aboard! 2017 is just ahead!


Description: As a Deli Production Team Member, you are responsible for the preparation of select grab-and-go and special order products. You will follow production card specifications, ensuring all food is prepared appropriately. You will monitor sales of products, making thoughtful adjustments to your production in order to drive profitable sales. You will maintain a clean and organized work area in accordance with food safety guidelines. * Must be at least 18 years of age or older. Welcoming and helpful attitude toward guests and other team members. Able to learn and adapt to current technology needs. Able to think quickly on the spot to answer guest questions. Flexible work schedule (e.g., nights, weekends and holidays) and regular attendance necessary. * Target merchandise discount. Competitive pay. Flexible scheduling.


text:
SEI Headquarters,
Sweden,
UN Environment Director: We do not have the time to waste!
Science has an important role to play in the transition to a sustainable society. But more cooperation is needed and decision-makers have to act more quickly on research results. Those were the main messages at an international sustainability conference hosted by the three main Stockholm universities and Stockholm Environment Institute.
Climate : Climate policy
Health : Well-being
"Science is like a canary in a coal mine. The time between the canary warning us and us reacting is too long," said UNEP Director Inger Andersen. Photo: Jens Olof Lasthein / Stockholm University .
On 1 June, in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the first environmental conference of the UN, Stockholm University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Environment Institute held a one-day conference at Albano campus that focused on how scientists and academia, through research and education, could support sustainable transformations for a better future.
The conference "Sustainable planet, sustainable health – how science-based solutions can drive transformative change" boasted a distinguished international speaker- and panelist lineup, including His Excellency Dr. Moghweetsi E.K Masisi, President of the Republic of Botwana and the Under-Secretary General of the United Nations Inger Andersen, as well as representatives from academia, NGOs, student associations and the industry. The event was hybrid with approximately 400 participants at the venue and attendees from around the world participated and interacted online.
"Yes, we hear you!"
Razmus Nyström and Melinda Kinnaman from The Royal Dramatic Theatre of Sweden (Dramaten) performed parts of the play "We Hear You—A Climate Archive". Photo: Jens Olof Lasthein / Stockholm University .
At the opening, two actors from The Royal Dramatic Theatre of Sweden (Dramaten) performed parts of the play "We Hear You—A Climate Archive" with texts by the Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg among others. The play was Inspired by Thunberg's famous quote "Can you hear me?" taken from her address to members of the British Parliament on 23 April 2019, formed the core of the performance.
The play was followed by an opening plenary session where the presidents of the three host universities and Deputy Director of Stockholm Environment Institute Åsa Persson responded to Thunberg's question. Their response was "Yes, we hear you!" On side note, Åsa Persson admitted that Thunberg's words made her uncomfortable.
Stockholm Trio for Sustainable Actions
The university presidents and SEI head of research Åsa Persson together with the moderators Noura Berrouba and Annika Dopping. Photo: Jens Olof Lasthein / Stockholm University .
Then the three presidents proceeded with the launch of a joint Stockholm initiative for sustainable actions at Karolinska Institutet, the KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University called "Stockholm Trio for Sustainable Actions." The ambition underlying this initiative is for Stockholm to become a hub for world-class science in sustainability. Read article "Joint Stockholm initiative for sustainable actions" .
The university presidents stressed that universities have a responsibility to act in accordance with the global development goals. They also pinpointed that the three universities have complementary research and expertise that create opportunities to influence society through what is taught to students and through established collaborations with external societal actors.
Need for a new green revolution
Arunabha Ghosh, Founder and CEO, Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) in India. Photo: Jens Olof Lasthein / Stockholm University .
The first keynote speaker of the opening plenary was Dr Arunabha Ghosh, Founder and CEO, Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) in India. He began by showcasing the work of Svante Arrhenius, Nobel laureate and professor at Stockholm University, who was as one of the first researchers to describe the greenhouse effect in the late 19th century. Since then, science has helped us understand how human activities impact climate and the environment as well as showing us how to overcome problems. Dr Ghosh gave several examples on how to roll out renewable energy across India and the work his team has done to develop a map of climate risk prone areas in India. His message on how we can achieve transformative change was that we need a new green revolution whereby harmony with nature will guide our investments on energy that are most effective.
Demographic dividend in Africa
Nyovani Madiset from Malawi talked about the demographic dividend in Africa. Photo: Jens Olof Lasthein / Stockholm University .
Dr Nyovani Madise, Director of Development Policy and Head of Malawi Office, African Institute for Development Policy, talked about the demographic dividend in Africa. High fertility rate, rapid population growth and an inability to build proper infrastructure cause societal problems and environmental degradation. Dr Madise gave examples of projects in several African countries aimed to overcome those problems. Her call to action included five important points: reduce child mortality/support family planning, improve skills for youth, promote gender equality, create an enabling economic environment and protect the environment.
Climate change has had huge effects on health
Andy Haines, Professor of Environmental Change and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, gave a talk by link from London entitled "Health in the Anthropocene." He listed challenges for research and action, like complex systems, delayed effects and policy silos. He also showed that climate change already has had huge effects on health. One example is that more than 35 percent of total deaths between 1990-2018 are attributed to human induced climate change, according to data from 43 countries.
Besides climate change, there are several interconnected factors putting pressure on the environment, like loss of biodiversity, overfishing and others. Professor Haines argued that we have to rely more on nature based solutions, like keeping and restoring ecosystems. He also stressed that there are enormous opportunities for science to take part in the sustainable transformation process.
Important to engage youth in the transformation
Dr Mokgweetsi E.K Masisi, President of the Republic of Botswana. Photo: Jens Olof Lasthein / Stockholm University .
Next keynote speaker, His Excellency Dr Mokgweetsi E.K Masisi, President of the Republic of Botswana, gave several examples of how science have helped dealing with societal problems, like fighting several diseases, such as the ongoing Covid19 pandemic. His Excellency also emphasized the importance of engaging youth in sustainable transformation and the role of partnerships: "Partnerships make the world a better place. Young people are a wonderful resource to be harnessed."
In the panel discussion that followed, His Excellency President Mokgweetsi E.K Masisi was joined by Teruo Fujii, Professor and President of University of Tokyo, and Noura Berrouba, President of the National Council of Swedish Youth Organisations. Noura Berrouba stated young people support science. "We see the scientific community as our ally." She called for more platforms where young people can connect with the scientific community. His Excellency President Mokgweetsi E.K Masisi emphasized the need for enhanced connection with academia in the transformation process. At University of Tokyo dialogue is considered a core value, said President Teruo Fujii and added that there is a need to involve more people in the dialogue between science and society. When asked for advice on how academia should act in the transformation, Noura Berrouba responded: "Be an ally to us, as we are an ally to you. Let there be dialogue."
Sustainability and profitability go hand in hand
Henrik Henriksson, CEO at H2 Green Steel, a new company building a green steel plant. Photo: Jens Olof Lasthein / Stockholm University
Henrik Henriksson delivered the industry perspective on the transformation to sustainability. He is former CEO of the vehicle manufacturing giant Scania and now leads H2 Green Steel as its CEO, a new company building a green steel plant in northern Sweden. His take on how the industry sector can transform was that sustainability and profitability go hand in hand and that companies today have to build sustainability into their core values. He added that science is necessary as the basis for transformation and that companies must operate with society and the planet in mind.
"We do not have the time to waste"
Inger Andersen, Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme UNEP, attended the conference in-between sessions at the Stockholm+50 conference and meetings with prime ministers and other dignitaries. She delivered a passionate speech on how science has transformed our lives and how we, in turn, must transform it to help us tackle the planetary triple crises, namely climate change, nature and biodiversity loss, and air pollution. "Science has delivered much for humankind but we also have to be aware of problems created by science, and that there is need for swift responses. Science is like a canary in a coalmine. The time between the canary warning us and us reacting is too long," she said.
According to Inger Andersen, we must use science and technology wisely. There is also a need to make science accessible (open science) and improve the science-policy interface. She stressed the importance for transdisciplinarity and collaboration with other parts of society. For science to support a sustainable transformation, Inger Andersen said there is need to narrow the timeline between science and action and to ensure that solutions work in harmony with nature. "We do not have the time to waste," she cautioned.
Young generation as agents of change
The conference took place at the new Campus Albano at Stockholm University. Photo: Jens Olof Lasthein / Stockholm University .
A panel consisting of students from the three universities and Henrik Henriksson discussed future leadership models and how academia can support sustainable transformation. An issue raised during the discussion was that of insufficient interaction between disciplines. Students asked for more guidance from the universities about how they could widen the scope of their studies with the help of other complementary disciplines.
Henrik Henriksson called for better interaction between academia and industry. He added that students today expect companies to have a sustainability action plan in order to become attractive. "If you have company core values rooted in the 1940s, you are not attractive as an employer," said Henriksson.
The panel stressed that the young generation can be the agents of change. Ossian Ahlkvist from the Student Union of KTH summarized this as follows: "We have to remember that we can change the world – and we have to act!"
During the day there were four parallel sessions:
Parallel session 1: Accelerating the transition to sustainable production and consumption
Parallel session 2: Transformation towards sustainable and healthy food systems
Read article from this session Amid new crises, a sustainable diet is still possible
Parallel session 3: Acceleration, Accountability & Agency. Find the recording of the parallel session that SEI hosted here.
Parallel Session 4: Governing sustainability transformations
All photos: Jens Olof Lasthein
Text: Per Larsson/Stella Papadopoulou
This article was written by Per Larsson and Stella Papadopoulou and originally published on Stockholm University's website .
Video: Stockholm University / YouTube .
Åsa Persson
Research Director and Deputy Director
@Perssonasa
Stockholm+50 SEI education
Building partnerships to advance the blue economy
Stockholm+50 Scientific and Youth Report


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Sector Report
POWERGEN Asia Co-located with Asian Utility Week, DistribuTECH Asia & SolarVision
Singapore International Energy Week 2019
Asian Power Awards 2019
IPP, PROJECT | Danielle Isaac, Indonesia
Gas to fire Eastern Indonesia's power plans
15 planned gas receiving and bulk-breaking stations are expected to fuel 2.5GW of gas-fired power.
State power utility PLN and other gas companies are looking to procure facilities for breaking liquefied natural gas (LNG) and distributing it to Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and other islands in Eastern Indonesia.
Indonesian gas company PT Energi Nusantara Merah Putih (ENMP) is developing an LNG bulk-breaking terminal on the regency of Bantaeng, which would be the first of its kind in Eastern Indonesia. The firm is banking on the growing electricity demand brought about by four nickel smelters being developed in the region and its status as a Special Economic Zone.
"In 2019, there will be 1.5GW of existing capacity across Eastern Indonesia that will need 101.7 billion cubic feet a day of gas. By 2025, it will be 2.5GW thanks to planned projects or projects in execution as we speak," said Bret Mattes, vice president for gas of ENMP's consultant Numada, at the Asian Power Utility Forum in Jakarta.
In order to hit this capacity forecast, there are 15 planned receiving stations in Eastern Indonesia that will be supplied by LNG liquefaction plants. But despite the bloated pipeline, PLN and gas companies have to first resolve the existing issue of duel fuel generators, which are not fully serving their purpose.
"Those facilities will need that amount of gas (101.7 billion cubic feet a day), if they were being run on gas," Mattes said. "They can run on gas or diesel. To date, they haven't generated a single electron using gas," he added.
Low utilisation capacity
The existing generator sets have low utilisation capacity, which is currently below the typical 80%. "The daily low curves are up and down, and it makes it difficult to average more than 50% in most of the areas where these plants are located. The areas served have limited purchasing power," Mattes added.
Moreover, Mattes said that there's a "cynical view" that PLN may have an incentive not to grow its business in Eastern Indonesia if the tariff that they're receiving is below the cost. "Because they're using diesel, they're always losing money. There's no incentive to take the capacity factor up to be more efficient or to use the grid more efficiently," he added.
The levelised cost of power using diesel is about 60 cents per kWh. "It's losing vast amounts of money on this deal," Mattes said.
However, Mattes argued that PLN can raise the utilisation capacity to 80%. Continuous and reliable power will release pent-up demand for electricity, he said. "Demand must be shifted from diesel gensets in the newly served areas in order to realize PLN's strategy."
In order to meet this demand growth, Indonesia has to move away from gensets. Mattes laid out potential infrastructure that can be built across Eastern Indonesia in the coming years. He raised the possibility of using receiving stations for plants with over 50MW capacity, which could have one to four storage tanks of 2,000-5,000 sqm of gas. "Small-scale regasification is relatively cheap and efficient," he said.
Delivering to these stations will require small vessels served by Floating Storage Regasification Units (FSRU). "A typical purpose-built LNG vessel for eastern Indonesia might have 2x5,000 sqm and 2x4,000 sqm for a total capacity of 18,000 sqm," Mattes said.
With these facilities, Mattes said that the total cost across the LNG supply chain could be fall within the range of 9.8-16.8 cents/kWh, with illustrative fuel costs at 7.6-13 cents/kWh. "In Java, that would be an extremely onerous fuel cost, but keep in mind that the fuel cost that PLN is invoking at the moment for that 2.5GW of power is more like to 50 cents. In order of magnitude, different," he added.
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in the year's six seasons, and each new today.
Discursive and direct, this shows the celebratory element of the chapbook, which is dedicated to "good friends" from "Dunbar" and relishes aspects of life there.
As a consequence, it's worth highlighting two words that very much define the collection. The year's six seasons is made up of 35 pages of verse, in which "here" is mentioned no fewer than twelve times, while "home" crops up on eight occasions. However, this statistic doesn't mean Will's poetry is repetitive. Instead, he's implicitly exploring the different perspectives and ramifications of these two words, "each new today", as in the above-mentioned quote.
I can call it anything; or nothing – just the wind.
I'm sitting it out, sheltered, at peace.
This extract sees the poet purposely overreaching as he seeks impossible definitions that are beyond language. Nevertheless, this isn't carried out with any sense of anguish. It's a celebration of the awe of belonging, of place, of anchoring, which leaves him "at peace".
Colin Will's The year's six seasons is a collection that portrays a specific location, the "here" and "home" of Dunbar. Even so, it manages to reach beyond that one place and encourages the reader to reflect on what a sense of belonging entails. Life bursts out of it on every page.
by gene's prediction of light-time.
on the barren beds of March.
for the spring of a lifetime.
Colin Will also achieves the feat of objectively editing/publishing his own book to produce something that feels and looks complete. I can't say there is a single poem in this book that I will remember forever, but the book itself - the fullness of it - is memorable indeed.
As someone whose entire life has been spent in parts of the world which have been known to offer four seasons in one day, the promise of having the year's six seasons explored through poetry naturally appeals to me.
Via the twenty-four poems neatly packed between the covers of this pamphlet, Colin Will takes us on a journey from Yuletide to Yuletide in and around Dunbar, where he has spent most of the twenty first century.
before the heart of cold.
The flora and fauna encountered are not just painted with beautiful sensitivity, they serve the depiction of the poet's (and the hemisphere's) journey through the year. Sites of special seasonal interest are also significant. Amisfield Walled Garden, The Old Man of Bilsdean, Edin's Hall Broch and St Baldred's Tower are all places I've never visited. Reading this pamphlet gave me not only an awareness of them, but a sense of what it's like to be there, a keenly experienced and vividly portrayed personal engagement with place.
In the end, changing seasons, beautiful creatures and beautiful places don't necessarily make for beautiful poetry. What makes the poetry in this collection beautiful is the personal and perceptive ways in which this changing background is seen and felt. It would be easy for a seasonal journey through most Scottish years to be a little bleak, but The Year's six seasons leaves an overall impression of warmth – the warmth of the people and other creatures encountered on the way, and the warmth with which they are received by a sensitive and generous poet.


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OBITUARY Completes Writing New Album
Panagiotis Karagiannidis November 3, 2013
Florida death metallers OBITUARY have completed the songwriting process for their next album, tentatively due in early 2014. The band states; "We will take our time, trim the fat and focus on making these bass boys as bad-ass as possible. We can't be more excited how they are turning out and are so ready to start recording them! You guys will be so proud of us when you hear it. The old Florida rednecks pulled one out of the bag and created a sick record! Fast, slow, mid-tempo groove, gut-wrenching and heavy as all get out!! Can't wait for you to hear it!"
OBITUARY kicked off a short East Coast tour in early October with a pair of back-to-back shows at Saint Vitus Bar before flattening nine more venues through October 20.
Having been holed up in their own Redneck Studios the last few months penning the follow-up to 2009's punishing "Darkest Day" full-length (2009), OBITUARY's recent shows served as a temporary writing break.
The as-yet-untitled full-length will be recorded with the Kickstarter funding help of their legion of dedicated fans around the globe. The campaign was rooted in an honest desire to produce the next record on the band's own terms.
"We've been creating death metal since 1984," the band commented. "It's who we are…it's in our blood.
"If there's one thing that we've learned touring all these years, it's that OBITUARY fans are among the most loyal and supportive motherfuckers in the world!
"We've been trying to find better ways to engage with and give back to our fans.
"Over the past couple of years, we've streamed concerts live from around the globe, given away tons of merch packages and dozens of all-access backstage passes. It's inspiring to see and share in your excitement about OBITUARY, and the inspiration that provides keeps us going. This is about putting our trust, our music, our career, and our new album in fans' hands! We want to make music for the people who still come out to shows, still sport our gear, and still have a 'Slowly We Rot' cassette in their car."
OBITUARY Drummer: 'Florida Is The King Of What Happened With Death Metal On The Planet'
Manos Spanos October 27, 2012
OBITUARY Preparing To Hit The Road, Enter The Studio
Manos Spanos September 7, 2013
Obituary – Darkest Day
Panagiotis Karagiannidis September 14, 2009
OBITUARY To Record New Album In November
Manos Spanos August 9, 2013
OBITUARY To Perform First Three Albums During Live Pay-Per-Event
Manos Spanos May 31, 2013
OBITUARY Releases 'Violence' Animated Music Video
Manos Spanos June 15, 2015


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Our high-performance Cessna 172 is the perfect match for pilots desiring to take the next step up in their training. The extra horsepower and constant-speed propeller make this a great cross-country choice for renters, and the IFR Garmin 430 GPS provide an excellent platform for instrument training. Our scenic flights are generally flown in this airplane.
The Husky is manufactured in Afton Wyoming, just 62 miles south of Driggs. A well-known backcountry plane, the Husky is our tailwheel trainer. While the Husky is available for dual instruction, it is not authorized for solo rental flights.


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TenZ replaces Sinatraa on Sentinels for Masters
by Danny Appleford
Tyson "TenZ" Ngo will stand in for Jay "Sinatraa" Won on Sentinels for the upcoming Valorant Champions Tour: Masters event. Sinatraa has been suspended from competitive play after he was accused of sexual abuse by his ex-girlfriend.
Sentinels issued a statement yesterday afternoon stating that they were aware of the situation and would be investigating it internally. Riot Games also announced that they would be launching an investigation of their own. The Valorant developer suspended Sinatraa for the length of the investigation, meaning he won't be able to compete in this weekends Masters event.
We are aware of the current situation regarding Jay "Sinatraa" Won and have launched an investigation internally. While the investigation is pending, he is suspended from the team.
We will provide a further update once the investigation has concluded.
— Sentinels (@Sentinels) March 10, 2021
The suspension happened a day before Masters began on March 11, putting the Sentinels in a tough spot if they still wanted to compete. They've had to replace their star player immediately. Riot Games' Valorant ruleset says that organizations may not substitute in a player that has already played for another team during the VCT. That left very few options for Sentinels to obtain, but TenZ was one of them.
TenZ stepped back from competitive Valorant in January after his team, Cloud9 Blue, failed to perform. He remained under the Cloud9 banner as a content creator and streamer for the organization. Since he stepped back, he has not participated for any team during the Champions Tour.
TenZ will have an immediate impact on the Sentinels
Sinatraa was viewed as one of the most talented players in Overwatch, where he earned the league MVP award in his championship run as a member the San Francisco Shock. That reputation continued when he made the transition to Valorant. TenZ will have a lot of ground to cover in replacing Sinatraa, but he's also one of the most widely-respected players in the scene.
TenZ was the first player to reach Radiant in Valorant when the game launched, helping him earn a spot on the Cloud9 roster. Despite his team's lack of success, TenZ impressed the competitive Valorant scene by outperforming his teammates on Cloud9.
We're happy to announce that @TenZOfficial will be joining Sentinels to compete in Masters Stage 1.
Riot Games issued a statement about TenZ's move to Sentinels, clarifying that they had adjusted the rules for roster lock-in due to the situation. They added that that TenZ's contract is now owned by Sentinels, since players cannot play for two organizations at once.
Sentinels will face off against Luminosity Gaming in the first round of Masters on March 12.
Danny Appleford is an esports journalist for Upcomer that started writing for Daily Esports in 2020. He now specializes in articles surrounding League of Legends, Call of Duty, VALORANT and Halo.


Students from certain countries are required to undergo tuberculosis testing if they are going to stay more than three months.
Haiti, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, and Peru.
Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.
Africa: All countries except Egypt, Mauritius, Comoros, Seychelles and Tunisia.
time give you information about who to contact to undergo the tuberculosis testing.
• The tuberculosis testing is free of charge.
The x-ray is done at Ullevål Hospital, Division of Lung diseases. Please make an appointment by calling the hospital.
Important notice : The x-ray is free, but you MUST cancel no later than 24 hours in advance if you cannot make your appointment. If you do not cancel your appointed time, you will receive a bill of NOK 307 by mail.


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Here's How Americans Should Be Reacting to Johnny Depp's Ant-Trump Rant
In an era in which so many unhinged individuals have proven that they have absolutely no problem turning to violence to make their voices heard, there's been an increasingly fierce debate about where the comedic line ends on edgy jokes surrounding U.S. politicians, particularly President Donald Trump.
This discussion hit a fever pitch last month when comedian Kathy Griffin participated in a disturbing photo shoot that featured her holding a faux bloodied and severed head that resembled Trump. Then, the debate kicked up another notch last week when Rep. Steve Scalise was shot along with a congressional staffer and two Capitol Police officers.
And as concerns over elevated rhetoric in today's political climate continue to swirl, yet another controversy broke out on Thursday night when actor Johnny Depp spoke at a screening for his film "The Libertine" at the Glastonbury Festival in the U.K.
"When was the last time an actor assassinated a president?" Depp said to the crowd, after proclaiming that he believes President Donald Trump "needs help," the Daily Mail reported. "Now, I want to clarify. I'm not an actor. I lie for a living."
There were mixed reactions from the audience, but cheers seemed to shockingly be the most prevalent response. According to the Daily Mail, Depp prefaced his question about assassination by stating, "This is going to be in the press and it'll be horrible, but I like that you're all a part of it."
Naturally, outrage and concern have followed. The Secret Service and the White House are aware of the remarks, with Kellyanne Conway, counselor to Trump, calling Depp a "nut job" in an interview with The Washington Post, warning that his remarks could "easily inflame lunatics who wish to bring harm."
"The joke is no laughing matter," she said. "These things are real."
So, it's clear that there's yet another celebrity who is making a troubling dive into anti-Trump waters. But as the public increasingly learns of Depp's remarks, it's important to remember some key lessons we learned from the Griffin debacle.
The central take-away? Critics of Depp should watch their own tones when reacting.
In the wake of Griffin's anti-Trump antics, I published an op-ed that focused on this very issue, titled, "Here's How America Should've Responded to the Kathy Griffin Debacle." Let's revisit some of its sentiments:
We've created a culture that is absolutely possessed by an insatiable lust for turning people into mere objects. And no, I'm not just talking about rampant sexualization.
I'm speaking more specifically about the troubling penchant that too many of us have for embracing a herd-like mob mentality fueled by profuse anger and unrestrained banter, as we clot together in an amalgam of fury and take to the Internet to collectively lambaste a pointed target.
The recipe is almost always the same: Person A reads or sees something that outrages him or her, he or she turns to social media to spout off, persons B through Z then see it and they, too, start rambling on — and, before you know it, there's a mass of people and media outlets piling on.
Wash. Rinse. Repeat.
But here's the problem. So many of us — myself included — get so ginned up, so frustrated, so disgusted that we take that formula, put it on steroids and begin to take part in an elevated attack on people like Griffin without actually thinking deeper about the root causes or elements that are at play. And before you know it, the person or issue starts trending on Twitter, yielding a few thoughtful reflections sprinkled amid a sea of insane rants and personal attacks.
For all of the benefits that come along with social media — the ability to connect humanity like never before and the power to inform and educate the masses — it also encourages and even rewards our most guttural, self-serving and unrestrained reactions. As a result, too many of us are willing to say things that we would never dream of uttering to a person's face. […]
As Christians (though this should extend to all of humanity), we're commanded to love others, even those who do or say stupid things. Gosh, even our enemies. […]
It's time we think deeper, love harder, pray with more fervently. Sure, commenting on social media is fine, but we're called to watch our words. There's a profound difference between critique — and incessant attacks and excoriation. Let's be better.
Read the rest of the op-ed here. Let's all remember to show some grace in our responses to Depp's rhetoric.


Yes, its true, Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley will be hitting the stage for Groovin in the Park 2018. The 2018 line-up is Trong (that's strong for my non-Caribbeans!) Also sharing the stage with Damian Marley will be the "fireman" Capleton, reggae swooning chart-topper Romain Virgo, Grammy winner Kenny "Babyface" Edmonds and for a highly anticipated return, the set being dubbed "Unfinished Business" Busy Signal is expected have an uncut set to allow his fans to get what they missed out on last year! I'm definitely more than excited for this year's festivities.
Groovin' In The Park is North America's largest annual Reggae and R&B concert. It is a family friendly entertainment event which provides an eclectic array of popular music catering to a very diverse audience from the USA and the Caribbean. Recognizing that many quality out-door park concerts are mostly held in the boroughs of Manhattan (Central Park) and in Brooklyn (Prospect Park) in the summertime, this event which is held at the Roy Wilkins Park in Queens, bring quality entertainment to the borough, so that its residents will have ease of access and also share in the many spin off activities that are associated with the staging of such a premiere concert.Groovin' in the Park has continued to intensify its focus on presenting a cadre of high quality performances coupled with an atmosphere of relaxation and enjoyment for the community in response to their increasing demand for first class entertainment within the tri-borough area of New York. Groovin' in the Park concentrates its efforts at positive developments within the community and view this event as another avenue to respond to one such need.
Groovin' in the Park has become a staple in the annual summer concert calendar. Now, families and concert goers and visitors from around the world plan their vacation around the Groovin' in the Park Concert. This year's event is scheduled for Sunday June 24, 2018 and will feature some of the best combinations in Reggae and R&B artists that fans and families have grown to love.
For tickets and more information, please visit www.groovininthepark.com.
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Rudhart von Konstanz († 28. Februar 1022) war von 1018 bis 1022 Bischof von Konstanz.

Leben
Rudhart war Kapellan Kaiser Heinrichs II. und wurde von diesem im Mai 1018 zum Bischof von Konstanz bestimmt. Er ist erstmals bezeugt als Teilnehmer am Italienzug Heinrichs II. Von Rudhart gibt es urkundliche Erwähnungen nur in der Umgebung des Kaisers. In seiner Amtszeit finden wir erstmals neben den in Konstanz geprägten kaiserlichen Denaren bischöfliche Pfennige.

Literatur

Bischof von Konstanz
Römisch-katholischer Bischof (11. Jahrhundert)
Geboren im 10. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1022
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This perfect end unit will not disappoint. The beautiful hardwood floors throughout the first level and additional upgrades, make this home the easy choice. Large kitchen with ample storage including a pantry, tile back-splash and access to the 1/2 bath. Open living area with slider to the newly stained deck. Upstairs includes all new flooring, master with bathroom/laundry, a full bath and 2 additional rooms. For easy, affordable living schedule an appointment today!


First Appearance: Justice League of America Annual #2 (Oct. 1984): "--The End of the Justice League!"
Justice League of America (vol. 1) #233 (Dec. 1984): "Rebirth One: Gang War"
Justice League of America Annual #2 (Oct. 1984): "--The End of the Justice League!"