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Seventh Chapter:
The Zionist Movement
"The Workers of Zion" in Bobruisk
by Mikhel Margolin
Translated by Odelia Alroy
A. Poale-Zion of Bobruisk (Youth)
The youth organization "Poale-Zion" [Workers of Zion] in Bobruisk numbered several hundred young boys and girls between 15 and 18 years old—an excellent group who were eager to learn whatever was taught in the self-educational clubs. Elihu Naiman, who was the leader of the organization, stuffed the material used for overshoes, was an intelligent worker, a good speaker and he was good at organizing the youth, but when it came to political activities, the director was the "private committee" which was waiting for instruction. The organization was divided into groups which would meet separately several times a week except for Shabbos, when there would be general meetings. During the winter the meetings would take place in homes, in summer in the field or forest, outside the city. It was nice to see how the young people would go to the meeting places after lunch on Shabbos, on the other side of the Berezina, among the hay fields. They would get to the river, rent small boats, for 5-6 people and row across the river -and then they would first go a few verst on foot until they reached the spot. They sat in a circle, some would lean against the trees and the meeting would begin. Between speeches there would often be singing. They would sing softly as is fitting for groups that do their work secretly. They were Jewish songs, revolutionary songs by Avrom Reisen and H.D. Nomberg. Reisen's song was very popular:
"Roar, roar harsh winds
Now is your season.
The winter will not last long
Summer isn't far."
It is understood that we interpreted the song as we wanted: Now is the time of harsh winds—
arrests, deportations, hard labor but summer is not far—the revolution is coming. Just the same, there was little concern with revolution in the first days of "Poale Zion." The main work consisted of spreading the ideas of Labor Zionism.
B. Elections for the Zionist Congress
At the time of elections for one of the Zionist Congresses a fight broke out between two candidates—Levkovitch and Elihu Naiman. Both wanted to go to the Congress and both were deserving—at the same time as that issue, another question came up: will the Poale Zion of Bobruisk be allowed to vote or not? Levkovitch's side argued that they wouldn't —they were too young and they would not be allowed to go to the ballot box. Elihu Naiman and his backers argued the other way, that the Bobruisk Poale Zion would be given the right to vote. Both Levkovitch and Naiman were understandably not so concerned with the good of the "Poale-Zion" of Bobruisk. It was known that the "Poale Zion" of Bobruisk would vote for Naiman.
C. General Poale-Zion
The General Poale-Zion considered itself as one of the strongest Jewish labor organizations in Russia. It had its dedicated activists-workers and intellectuals. The Bobruisk branch—about three or four hundred members—was divided into independent groups of ten members in each group. At the illegal meetings of the groups which devoted themselves to education, they studied economics, cultural history and Jewish history. If anything stuck to the students from all the learning, I'm doubtful. Tired after a full day's work and dragging around in the exchange in the evening, they had little strength to concentrate on the lessons. But to prepare some twenty odd residences for all the groups, and we had to change locations each week, because we were afraid of being caught-and preparing some twenty odd teachers was enough hard work and required much effort and exertion. I remember that in the winter days, dressed in a white jacket and boots, with a stick in hand, I was running around looking for locations. Only in the house of Moshke Miliniki and his two sisters, the bakers, did we have a steady meeting place. Aside from that, we had to run around from one teacher to another, giving them the addresses of the meeting places and the lesson plans of the students in each group. All had to be done secretly-we must not fail.
After an entire day tramping through the Bobruisk mud, I would return home in the evening and fall asleep exhausted.
D. Putting together the Secret Committee
The self-education group scheduled secret meetings, which were appropriate for the individual groups. From the leaders of the secret meetings they would put together the secret committee.
It was one of the hardest assignments. The electors were not allowed to know who had been elected. First they would select a trustee as head of the committee, who was in fact the leader of the organization. Every "secret meeting" sent a representative to the electors. The elections were held in the following manner: each elector wrote the name of a party member who he recommends as a member of the secret committee on a piece of paper and gave the paper to the trustee. That way the trustee was the only one who knew, by the papers, who was elected to the committee. The members, who participated in the secret meetings, didn't even know who was selected from their ranks as electors, because the selections were made in this way. The participants in the secret—meetings wrote the names of the candidates who they proposed on notes and secretly gave them to the trustee, who would tally the votes, and according to the count, write down who was in the group of electors.
At that time, when Yankel Paritsher—a student—was the trustee, it happened that a friend at the time of the voting of the secret committee, didn't write his name on a note, leaving it to Yankel to decide on a candidate in the committee. I was the youngest member—just a boy—and for the first time I felt lost among the older members, active party members, workers and students.
E. The Exchange
The larger the organization, the more important it was, the bigger part of the main street it occupied. The "Bund" which was at Muraviavska St., was the largest in Bobruisk. It stretched from Belinsky's porcelain business until the Turkish bakery, noisy and lively. The other side of the street, from Barash's Pharmacy until the end was occupied by the "Poale-Zion." Later it transferred to Shosi St. The exchange was the vital nerve, the pulse of each party. This was the place of discussion, meeting, debating about ideas and work conflicts and sometimes getting even with whomever one needed to. An organized group was always there, ready for whatever.
People walked back and forth, up and down, in the area of their exchange, talking, screaming, droning and it seemed that the street was swarming in one bi beehive. And if a Poale-Zionist wandered into a Bundish exchange or in reverse, he'd be surrounded by a group who would try to convince him, loudly with quotations from books and speeches, which one had never seen or read, that his party is correct and the others not.
And if it would happen that the Bundist couldn't counter the Poale-Zionist, he'd let out with a proven weapon. Even Nardov himself couldn't find a difference between these points and so forth, which was enough so that the "enemy" would give in.
The exchange was also popular with the police. They knew each one and they knew to which group he belonged and they guaranteed that there would be no getting lost.
F. Illegal Meetings
Because of the constant lurking danger by the Czarist spies, we had to conduct all party business in secret and all meetings were organized quite stealthily. That wasn't easy. To organize and conduct general meetings with the participation of a hundred people, or an assembly of two parties (often between the Bund and Poale-Zion) in order to discuss a joint activity or a discussion of ordinary problems the organizers needed to show professional talent, not only for secrecy, also security and stealth. The most important was to choose such a house for the meeting, which had many exits and was in a labyrinth of streets. Such houses are most often in the outskirts, the poorest part of town. There in a carpenters shop, which met the requirements the general meetings would take place.
For security, we would begin the meetings by telling the people that if there should be a slip, they shouldn't be afraid and get into a panic, but each should say that he came accidentally, because someone had invited him, but he didn't know what for.
The person who took upon himself the responsibility for everyone was Chaim K. I remember that I was jealous, that he was given the privilege to be the sacrifice for everyone. Once I asked Chaim to give me the responsibility to be the scapegoat. He looked at me with sad, fatherly eyes and said: "Wait Mikhailke, your day will come. You will bear the burden of responsibility. Meanwhile it's too soon for you."
Aside from the shops, we would also hold meetings in the barracks. That was the good idea of some of our members who lived near the barracks and saw how they empty out, when the soldiers leave for maneuvers in the summer. The members decided to use these empty barracks for Poale-Zion meetings. In order to make them more secure, we would station patrols the entire way from the barracks to the police stations. There were quite a few couples in the organization. It was not secret and they would stroll in the streets and enjoy each other—each couple had a pair of boards and in the event of danger, a show of police or soldiers on the way to the barracks was enough for a couple to start clapping the boards, and as quick as an eye blink the signals went form one couple to another until it reached the meeting. Upon hearing, the people assembled would disperse orderly in the streets, and when the police arrived, there was no trace of the meeting. More than one discovery by the police was averted on account of our loving couples, who the police never suspected were guarding the illegal meeting.
G. Meetings in the Forest
In summer we would move our meetings beyond the town into the forests. Some members would locate a suitable place in a nearby wood, which we could approach from various sides. Shabbos , after lunch, we would leave the town on the pretense of strolling in the woods. The guards would climb the trees and suing binoculars watch in the direction of the town. Once, in the midst of a meeting, the guards sent an alarm that police and soldiers are approaching the wood.
Those at the meeting then decided not to disperse and not to spread out into the forest via the secret passageways and paths, as usual in such an event, but instead in an organized fashion to oppose the police and set tows—the girls in the middle—armed with sticks we set out back to town, opposite the oncoming police. Some of the intellectuals who were with us, proposed running away, because they would have suffered more by an arrest than the rest. Btu they relented. We approached the police and the police approached us. We were almost ready for a war to break out…suddenly to our great amazement, the police turned their backs on us and marched into town. What was the reason for their going back remained a mystery. On the way, the police beat two members and arrested several others. In town, the news had already spread, that the meeting was uncovered and they awaited us in chains. When they saw us coming with a police guard, healthy and lively, they rejoiced. The pair arrested were freed the next morning.
In general, very few meetings fell through. If not for the spies, the police would never have traced our secret work.
H. Fighting Groups
The fighting groups, a decided group in the organization, had its own laws and discipline. Not everyone was deserving of being taken into this very secret group, which carried out one of the most important functions in the activities of the organization.
The fighting groups would capture members arrested by the police; while they were being transported, get even with strikebreakers and "teach" the bosses.
I remember a piece "of work" by the fighting group, during a strike by the pharmacists. All the pharmacy owners gave into the demands of the strikers, except one, a Pole. It was a beautiful evening, the sun had not yet set, but the street was empty. My friends and I were wandering about the exchange. Suddenly a member of our group, Reuvke, came over to us and whispered a secret to each of us that we should leave here as quickly as possible. In a while we heard the shatter of glass—that had been done by Reuvke and his friends, breaking the windows of the Poles pharmacy. By the time the police master and the Cossacks came, there was no trace of Reuvke and his gang.
The police master was angry, cursed, but it didn't help. The perpetrators weren't caught.
The pharmacist after this episode was no longer stubborn and gave into the demands of the strikers.
I. The Self Defense Organization
The self-defense, as opposed to the fighting groups, was a broad based organization. Nevertheless, the fighting groups were the heart, the foundation of the self-defense. The Bobruisker organization was armed with a few old guns and small bombs, which were never used. The bombs were stored in the Slobodka Talmud Torah in the attic. A spy told the police the spot and the gendarme came especially from Minsk to uncover the arsenal.
Fortunately, the fighting groups had removed them the day before—indeed just one day before—no more, they had taken them to another spot and the gendarme was disappointed.
What happened was that at first they went straight to the attic where they found nothing and so they tore apart the walls, destroying the whole roof. But the bombs weren't there. They left Bobruisk angrily.
We, the youth of the self-defense group, would get up each morning before daybreak and would travel far beyond the town to learn how to shoot the old guns. We would gather in the hayfields where no one saw us and we would set up a board and take aim at it or a tree. Bentche Rachlin was our teacher. Where he learned how to shoot, no one knew.
It seemed like a child's game, but we took it seriously and diligently learned how to shoot. The force that led us to organize ourselves in a self-defense group was the Kishinev pogrom, which shook us all to the depths of our souls. Different rumors spread about the destruction of the community, one worse than the next. We felt a shame and a sorrow that we had not opposed the pogrom makers, that we allowed ourselves to be slaughtered like sheep. We very much wanted to get even with those who made the pogrom—kill them and show that we can fight. And when a short time after the pogrom, Chaim Nachman Bialik published a poem that made a strong impressing. Bialik accused us, the young people of cowardice in sticking out our necks to the executioner. Bialik's poem worked better than one hundred agitators—it woke in us national self-worth and urged us to fight for our lives. It also had a strong effect on the citizens. They began to treat us with respect and were drawn to us. The saw a point to us, and the wealthy began to support the fund for self-defense.
J. Zubatovshtshina
The Zubatovshchina movement got its name from its founder, Polkovnik [Colonel] Zubatov, who was chief of the Moscow police force. His plan to form a new workers organization, which would fight for economic rights again the exploiters, was a well thoughts out plan to diver the working masses from the political battle against Czarism and to snare the workers in the police net. Outwardly the movement seemed to be innocent and logical. Indeed many workers, devoted and honest activists, turned to this group.
Zubatov promised his followers: help from the government, improvement in the economic situation of the workers, help for the strikers in their battle for better working conditions. He only demanded that the battle carry only an economic character, that is, halting the political battle against Czarism. Then the movement would get all the privileges of a legal organization.
The Bund came out with a warning not to be taken in, led a thorough discussion with the supporters of the new workers movement. But it didn't help. They were dazzled by the first well-organized aims.
In Bobruisk the union of clerks—a few hundred people—joined the Zubatovtze side and they immediately declared a strike. It was a shame to see how the leaders of the strike rode around with the police master in one wagon, protected by the police and they carry on a strike.
The police kept their word. They supported the strikers. Members of the revolutionary parties looked at this spectacle with disappointment and gritted their teeth. The strike was led with a heavy hand, with terror. At Belinsky's porcelain business, they broke several cartons of porcelain and the police stood by silently.
At the end it came to pass as it had to—as had been planned. When the strikers began to win in the economic battle, the police stopped the incendiary acts and went to the side of the bosses and then there was a conflict between the Zubatovtzes and the police. The strike was over and there were arrests. Who the activist were, the Czarist agents now knew…. The organization fell apart and a number of the members came over to us, the Poale-Zion, and some to the Bund.
K. The First Demonstration
The committee of the Poale-Zion party decided to organize a protest demonstration on the anniversary of the Kishinev pogrom. All the members of the Poale-Zion were requested to come to the big shul on Shosi on Shabbos morning and to pretend that they came to pray. After prayers, when the congregation would start to leave for home, they would lock the door and not let anyone out. One of our comrades would go up on the stage (bimah) and talk about the Kishinev pogrom. After the speech, we would go onto the street, on the Shosi, and demonstrate. The town was sunken in mud and the Shosi was the only place where it was possible to have a demonstration.
The plan was carried out just as it had been thought out. At about 10-11, the comrades started to gather in the shul. Those praying wondered why so many young people had come to pray and took pleasure in that. The crowd was in a holiday mood. When they were finished with their prayers and wanted to leave, some strong young men blocked the exit and asked the people to wait—and by the time they looked around, one of our comrades was already on the stage, rapped the lectern for the quiet and began his talk. He talked about the Kishinev pogrom, about self-defense, mentioned Bialik's poem and the crowd was confused, not knowing what was happening. Some were angry; some were pleased by the antics. After the speech, the doors were opened and we went out first, planted ourselves on the Shosi, unfurled the flags and started singing, as we march onto the street. We went in set rows and the crowd around us grew bigger and bigger, encouraged us, clapped "Bravo." We were smeared with mud, from our heads to our toes, and like agitated devils, we marched through the street. Several comrades took guns out of their pockets and began shooting in the air, in order to liven things up, and it was lively. That is how we marched for a half hour. Suddenly from nowhere, Cossacks appeared and began to beat us with whips, chasing us into courtyards and we fled. Comrades hid wherever they could: in courtyards, over fences and they scattered in all corners. There were no arrests that I can remember. We only were very frightened.
That was the only demonstration I took part in. I ran home. Old man Rendel already knew everything and when I came home sweaty and tired and caked with mud, Rendel came over to me. Not harshly, not punishingly, but fatherly, even with humor. First, he decided that I should change my clothes, freshen up, clean the mud off my boots and calm down—today he is not letting me out of the house. I can do whatever I want: lie down or go to work. And if the police come to ask for me, he'll say that I'm sleeping or working. I listed. How I listened!
The demonstration was wonderful. Everyone talked about it. Everyone like the idea of meeting in shul, locking the door and not letting the congregants go home—that worked. The police were annoyed: an unheard of scandal—to pull it off right under their noses and to have a demonstration with flags, with song and even shooting and no one caught in the middle of the day.
In the evening, the "Bund" organized a demonstration on Muriavoskva St., but it wasn't successful. Only a few people participated in the demonstration and the effect was small. Understandably, we teased with the Bund and threw it up to them, that they couldn't organize a demonstration….
L. The Opposition
Every party had an opposition. It was enough for a few dissatisfied people to get together—and there was an opposition. And the opposition would be organized with all the details of a proper organization: with its own committees, its own meetings and its own leaders. It was in short; an organization with in an organization. At that time I participated in the opposition of the Bobruisk, Poale-Zion. It is understood, we also had demands. The requests were very "original" no more, no less.: "Down with the white collars and cuffs." We couldn't think of anything smarter, so that was the issue. In reality, the reason was because of other things, pure and simple. We went about pompous, unhappy and with complaints for the committee: "What do you mean, such work is going on and we, the poor masses, don't know about it." When there was no important news, "no revolutions are carried out silently." It never even occurred to us….life was always secretive and that led us to think that something was always brewing….. Something was always happening that they are not telling us about and we wanted to know it all. We didn't want anything kept from us. Curiosity raged and the thirst for secrets was great. In truth, the committee people didn't have secrets—and their replies, their swearing that they have nothing to tell worked like oil on fire. The more they answered, the less they were believed, and the more they answered. In short, our opposition grew. We had the majority of the organization. We would hold separate meetings. We had a separate committee—and the main point—we also developed a conspiracy. And when the opposition group declared, down with the white collar and cuffs, it was an opposition within an opposition. …In a word, our committee began to negotiate with the committee of the organization. In truth, we didn't even know what to negotiate about. But it was an opposition, we tried to negotiate, evening after evening we had meetings, which lasted a long time. Eliezer Shine was the leader of the committee, a loyal Jew, a scholar, but with all his learning, he accomplished little. His opposition was as strong as iron, and there was nothing to be done. I remember certain evenings when we had long discussions and fiery debates and didn't resolve anything, so we began to demand there be a vote as to whether we should maintain the opposition or give it up. There were comrades, who thought we should give up the opposition and make peace with the committee. So we voted and it came out that the majority wanted to retain the opposition, in no way to abandon it. After the election, when Eliezer Shine saw that he had lost, he asked for an opportunity to say a few words, before he pared from us. It is understood that his request was granted. He began quietly, soothingly and at the same time he was punishing. His words are etched into my mind "As you know—he began—I am a strong believer in the Torah—all that Moshe, our teacher, wrote in the holy Torah, is right and clever. There are no extra words. There is no thought, which is incorrect. But I have one though that I can't get rid of. How each of you knows there are more fools than wise men. Sometimes, you have to direct a clever man when there are fools all around. When voting, you have to side with the minority that is the cleverer. Why our teacher Moshe sided with the majority is a mystery for me. I don't begin to understand why one should follow the majority "what the fools say" and he finished as quietly as he had begun.
A queer mood settled over everyone. The room was quiet. No one spoke, as though
Eliezer had given us a sharp blow, which made us mute. In the few minutes of quiet, we thought it over. I came to myself first, the leader of the opposition…. Ashamed, I went over to Shine and extended my hand, a sign that I give in—no more opposition! Others followed my example. There were those who were unhappy with our stand, screaming that we had spoiled it for them, but it didn't help. The opposition was broken.
M. The First Proclamation
I remember until today how they brought me the first proclamation, a single copy and told me that I should print a hundred copies to distribute among my friends—That was a proclamation from Yekaterinoslav.
How to print several hundred copies, I had no idea? After a long search, I found that one needs a hectograph. We were afraid to buy one so it came out that we would make a hectograph ourselves. We went to a friend, who studied with the pharmacist, and asked him to teach us to make a hectograph. He knew a bit and he learned a bit from the pharmacist or others and in short, he gave us the instructions for putting together the hectograph. First, we went to a tinsmith and put together the tin materials, next we bought gelatin; and other materials. We bought everything in a different place, in order not to arouse any suspicion. And, we made a hectograph, which worked very well. We got a bottle of special gold ink and some new feathers and we took to our work. Like religious Jews at the last prayer on Yom Kippur, we trembled before our holy work. We worked with special paper, decorated the top of the proclamation and began printing. We printed and put the printed pages all over the room so they wouldn't stick to each other and smear. We were almost done with our work and we felt so good: the first proclamation done with our own hands.
Suddenly— we were disheartened! We were discovered! On the oven, which was divided from our room by only half, a wall, sat the landladies daughter, her head stuck into our room and she is looking at what we are doing. My speech stopped from fear. What had happened! And the little girl winked impishly with her dark eyes and laughed. From fear I was unable to speak. I imagined what kind of fate I would have from my landlady! I'd at least have to find another room.
The landlady had an idea that we were up to something illegal. Our tiptoeing about, locking the room, hushing, had brought out the thought, and she sent her daughter to see what we were doing.
She gave us a lecture, punished us for going in such a direction: "You'll get caught in the end. And what will happen then? do you think they will pinch your cheek or pat hour head? What if your father and mother knew! They would…. meanwhile, I'll ask you to clean out this stuff. There must be no trace left."
I obeyed—. I was happy that I got away with only a bit of fright. I was ready for a scandal. I thought she would throw my things out the street and that I'd have to look for another place to spend the night. It came out better than I thought it would. I got a lecture, heard the woman's big mouth, gathered my proclamations and all was quiet—just as though nothing happened.
N. Herzl's Death
Workers left their work, storekeepers closed their shops and everyone ran into the street. No one could sit in one spot, alone with their sorrow. They didn't want to believe that it was true. They ran to the Dobkins, to Yitzhok Isaac Estrin—one to another to ask, to be sure if it's true. No one wanted to believe it. Herzl died and the people cried. There was no way to console them in their sorrow. The crown had been torn from their head.
After 3 days they decided to hold a service in Bobruisk in which the whole town would participate. But where would we find such a risky place to hold the whole town? In the cemetery on the outskirts there was an empty field and on that field they would hold the service. It was announced in the synagogues that everyone should come to the field where they could pay tribute to the great Herzl. And that is what happened. That day the whole town gathered on the field. Everyone went. Old and young, man and wife, school children in set lines in a sorrowful procession. Even the poor women, the beggars from the outskirts, wrote a sign of mourning on a piece of torn sheet, tacked to two poles.
In the midst of the memorial demonstration a friend came and warned me that the Bundists had come to the service and they wanted to demonstrate. I didn't want to believe it. That could lead to a bloody fight. I went to look for the leaders of the Bund. I found Nomke from Paritch and appealed to him, telling him this was not the place for a demonstration, but he answered me curtly "That's how it is going to be." I went looking for other activists. I went to other friends, asking them not to provide, but it didn't help. The members of "Poale Zion" were also looking for a fight, like the Bundists. At the end of the service the Zionist leaders decided that since there was such a crowd at a Jewish gathering, we should say a blessing for the Czar. As soon as the Bundists heard Nicolai, they began to scream from all corners of the field in agitated voices: "Down with the Czar," "Let there be freedom," and other slogans of that sort. And before I left that tumult, I saw them beating up one another, the Poale-Zion and the Bund. The police had a chance to get involved in restoring order—and they hit both sides.
There were some curious developments at the time of this tragic incident. I remember how a member of the Poale-Zion was fighting with someone from the Bund and a policeman ran over to separate them. The Bundist stopped fighting and started screaming in the policeman's ear, loudly "Down with the Czar, Up for freedom." The policeman, a friendly man, thought it was funny and started to laugh: "You are a fool—he said to the Bundist—why are you yelling at me "Down with the Czar." Go to Petersburg and yell and if you accomplish anything in Petersburg, and change things there, things will be different. Don't be silly, go home, he appealed to the fighters. But it didn't help. They keep fighting and how they fought!
That is how the memorial for the great leader Dr. Herzl ended. The story of blessings the Czar angered everyone. A few people, wanted to ingratiate themselves with the authorities and that led to the fight. A few people were arrested and as usual in such instances, everything was done to free them, whether they were Bundists or Poale-Zion.
O. The Soviet Socialist Movement
The Soviet Socialist Movement, from its first beginnings, began little by little. Almost unnoticed, it began to spread its influence over the ranks of the Poale-Zion organization.
The ideas and territorialism found a way to all branches of bosses, citizens and workers.
The Poale Zion movement was for the most part swallowed up by Soviet Socialists, except perhaps in south Russia where the head of the organization was. Ber Borochov was the only bright star of the group. When the intellectuals, Syrkin and Yakov Leshchinsky at the head, stood up to the SS. they took the territorial stand. In Bobruisk there developed a lively activity in the SS.
I had a friend, Davidke Fialkov, from Pinsk. One day I began to notice that my friend seems to have a secret that he is hiding from me. Until we both met at a meeting of the newly forms SS. We then laughed at each other about our conspiracy.
P. After the Revolution
I returned to Bobruisk, returned to the exchange. Again among old friends, everything the same, but nothing the same. Things were quieter—not what it had been. The noisy, turbulent life of a year and a half ago had disappeared. A large number of the comrades were swept up in the storm of emigration and left for big, rich America. The emigration wrecked the ranks of the organization. The best comrades left, fled—the ranks thinned. After the first great enthusiasm, there was a lull. The failure of the revolution was felt by all the revolutionary parties. The Poale Zion" movement still had momentum—but it was the momentum of inertia, from the strength which had been amassed in the good years. But the decline was beginning to be apparent. Boys and girls began to carry fiddles and mandolins, played music and looked for places to dance. The hot rivalry between the Bundists and Soviet Socialists eased. The exchanges became sparser; they had thrown off the pack of idealism; life became empty.
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Party ties important to Vietnam, China
Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee Nguyen Xuan Thang was hosted by Chen Xi, Politburo member and Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Head of the CPC Central Committee's Organisation Department in Beijing on May 29.
VNA Tuesday, May 29, 2018 20:40
Party delegation visits China's Guangdong province
Monday, May 28, 2018 18:41
Marxism bears eternal value for world and Vietnam revolution
Friday, May 04, 2018 16:41
Party's theoretical council talks building of capable cadres
Saturday, March 03, 2018 15:18
Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee Nguyen Xuan Thang delivers a speech at a seminar on Karl Marx's ideology in the 21st Century and the future of socialism in the world in China. (Photo: VNA)
Beijing (VNA) – Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee Nguyen Xuan Thang was hosted by Chen Xi, Politburo member and Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Head of the CPC Central Committee's Organisation Department in Beijing on May 29.
Speaking at the meeting, Chen, also President of the Central Party School, expressed his delight at the strong development of the Vietnam-China relations in recent years.
The Party and Government of China attach great importance to the ties with Vietnam and want to work with the Party, State and people of Vietnam to further consolidate and expand the partnership between the two Parties and States, he said.
He expected the two sides will continue increasing exchange of high-level visits, reinforcing political trust and fostering cooperation in multiple fields, people-to-people exchange and ties between the two Parties in the time ahead.
Thang, for his part, congratulated China on the success of the 19th CPC National Congress in 2017 and voiced his belief that under the leadership of the CPC and General Secretary Xi Jinping, the people of China will inevitably accomplish goals and tasks set forth by the congress.
He highly spoke of the progress seen in the relations between the two Parties and States in recent times, saying the Party, Government and people of Vietnam always treasure and wish to develop a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership with China.
He expected the two sides will continue well implementing agreements and common perceptions reached by the two countries' top leaders and enhance the effectiveness of their cooperation in all fields.
Thang, who is also Chairman of the Central Theoretical Council and Director of the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, has been on a visit to China.
He has joined representatives from 62 communist, workers and left-wing parties of other countries in a seminar on Karl Marx's ideology in the 21st Century and the future of socialism in the world.
He has met with Huang Kunming, head of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee; Xie Chuntao, Vice President of the Central Party School to learn about the key contents of the 19th CPC National Congress. -VNA
Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee Nguyen Xuan Thang Chen Xi CPC Central Committee's Organisation Department Central Party School Vietnam-China relations 19th CPC National Congress Karl Marx's ideology future of socialism in the world China latest news on Vietnam Vietnam news Vietnam Vietnam news agency Vietnamplus
The Ministry of National Defence on January 28 handed over the President's decisions to seven officers who will be sent to the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA), a mission established by the UN Security Council in 2011 for peacekeeping in Sudan.
Party chief pays tribute to late leaders
Spring COVID-19 vaccination campaign to start on January 29
Vietnam maintains socio-economic recovery in January: Official
The Government's regular meeting on January 28 reviewed drastic and timely actions taken by the National Assembly, the Government and the Prime Minister, which have positively impacted socio-economic development in the first month of this year, heard a press conference later on the same day.
PM chairs Government's January regular meeting
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh chaired a regular Government meeting on January 28 to assess the socio-economic development situation in January, put forward tasks for February and the following months, and draft a Government Resolution on a socio-economic recovery and development programme.
NA leader pays pre-Tet visits to Hanoi Capital High Command, Mobile Police High Command
Chairman of the National Assembly Vuong Dinh Hue on January 27 paid pre-Tet visits to the Hanoi Capital High Command and the Mobile Police High Command as the Lunar New Year (Tet) Festival is approaching.
Vietnam, UK forge cooperation in various fields
The UK's Minister for Investment Lord Gerry Grimstone has expressed his interest in trade and investment promotion between Vietnam and the UK to open the door for goods and services of the two countries.
Vietnam, Azerbaijan agree to enhance defence ties
Deputy Minister of National Defence Sen. Lieut. Gen. Hoang Xuan Chien hosted a reception for Azerbaijani Ambassador to Vietnam Anar Imanov on January 26, during which they agreed to boost cooperation in increasing the exchange of delegations and meetings at all levels and training, so as to strengthen bilateral defence ties in line with the response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Well maintained bungalow in the well established community of Marlborough. Numerous upgrades including newer shingles ,soffits ,downspouts, hot water tank, front entry & exterior door, newer flooring (laminate, carpet and lino), all three bathrooms renovated including tubs-tub enclosure ,flooring and toilets,freshly painted on the main level in neutral colors.. Three bedrooms on main with a spacious master including a 2 piece ensuite. Large kitchen with ample cupboard space (recently painted). Appreciate your L shaped dining room, living room and a living room featuring cozy fireplace. Several windows allow plenty of natural sunlight. Lower level offers an illegal suite (not approved by City of Calgary ). There is a separate entrance as well as outdoor space, common laundry and storage. Enjoy the evening sun in your south facing garden area, front yard and on patio in back yard which includes a storage shed and parking for 3!Easy access to schools(next door)Marlborough Mall, transit, LRT & downtown.


It's half term this week but this is the first school holiday of the year where it doesn't really affect us anymore. Hubby no longer has the holidays off and we're managing childcare with the help of our Parents. I work in a school but all year round so although the roads are much quieter with no school run and the phones are much quieter, there's still plenty of work to do.
This weekend we were away for a few days in St Anne's on Sea (I'll be sharing photographs later in the week) and so we booked an online food shop to arrive late on Sunday night. We always run out of fresh food towards the end of the week and as we were away we didn't get any more fresh food in.
This week we'll be eating on plan as usual. I made a huge batch of Scotch Broth soup for work lunches this week and it used up the last of the carrots, onions and celery which always look a bit sorry for themselves at the end of the week but are absolutely perfect for soups. I love being able to use up food and not see it go to waste, I always feel like we're throwing good money away if we have to bin stuff.
Here is what's on the menu this week..
We need to get the recipe books out again for next weekend as we seem to be eating the same type of meals. I love getting the books out and rediscovering all the meals we can enjoy on SW. I've got the new SW magazine for inspiration too. Definitely going to have a look and make a list of meals we want to try and cook again.
I recommend trying the SW chilli beef noodles. Were easy to make and tasted like a take away.


I became obsessed with oils in 2014 when I was looking for the Holy Grail of health. I gargled them, used them on my skin and hair, cooked with them and drank them. I kept them in the car, the home, when I travelled. I extolled their virtues to anyone who would listen. I bought a $300 glass diffuser at half price from a friend. I was hooked.
First it was Young Living, then I progressed to doTERRA's modern, upbeat branding. It didn't hurt that many friends I respected and admired were either selling these oils or setting up oil parties. It didn't hurt that both companies tout themselves as pure, eco-conscious and worthy.
The appetite for essential oils, particularly among middle-class women and in the emerging Asian markets, has skyrocketed in the last five years in Australia, the UK and the US. The leader in the MLM (multi-level marketing) game is doTERRA, with Young Living coming a close second. Combined, they rake in more than a billion dollars in sales worldwide.
Essential oils aren't the only craze going around. Find out more about the woman who turned her placenta into edible chocolates or why newly married couples are choosing to spend their honeymoons alone.
The history of both companies unfolds in parallel, which is not surprising when both originally were the same company. Both are based in Utah and were embroiled in legal battles with each other since the founders of doTERRA left Young Living in 2007. In July 2018, Young Living paid doTerra $1.8 million in legal fees.
"Less than $1 a month"
The murkiness of the vendetta has clouded their labour and marketing practices. With both companies, I always felt I was spending more money each month than I wanted, buying oils I didn't need, just to get the ones I did. The oils I actually wanted were insanely expensive. I would never have paid those crazy prices in a shop. I hated the complex, Byzantine system of points and rewards and deadlines. I hated letting down my friends when I didn't buy often enough. I just wanted to buy an oil and be done with it.
I have friends who have become evangelical about essential oils. From stay-at-home mums to lawyers to yoga teachers, they've become MLM machines, flooding social media feeds and setting up stalls at kid's parties. They're building 'downlines', vying to be the seller on top who gets a cut from the newbies down the hierarchy. The 'wellness advocate' at the bottom of the heap struggles, recruiting more hapless friends. It ruins trust in friendships and taints the product itself. And it's all for so little reward: 92 percent of Young Living distributors make less than $1 a month according to the company's own income disclosure statement.
Essential oils are highly concentrated, volatile substances. A million petals are used to make one ounce of rose oil. 150 pounds of flowers are used to make one pound of lavender oil. These undiluted oils we rub on our children's feet or make them gargle when they're sick (I've done this) are potent as drugs. Lavender and tea-tree are claimed to be hormone disruptors, bringing on early puberty in boys and girls.
Certain oils can be harmful to pets. Some oils are contaminated with GMOs, pesticides and endocrine-disrupting phthalates, chemicals used to make plastic pliable. Oils are not the same as ingesting herbs and flowers in a tincture or syrup or tea. They can be dangerous. Thyme, citrus, eucalyptus, oregano and clove oil can damage your microbiome, destroying the good bacteria in the gut as well as the bad.
doTERRA has coined a phrase, 'certified pure therapeutic grade', which they use liberally when marketing their products, but what does this actually mean? I used to think it meant sustainable and organic. I wanted to believe this. Yet Young Living and doTERRA undertake their own testing in-house, not independently. Their oils are not certified organic. The country of origin is not provided on the packaging or on their websites. Less than one percent of Young Living oils are sourced from farms they own.
So, where are our oils are coming from? Just because they're packaged beautifully and are expensive doesn't mean that poor labour conditions and ecological destruction aren't part of the mix. Rosewood and spikenard, for example, are impossible to harvest and produce sustainably. Frankincense is sourced from Somaliland, where the increasing levels of demand have created a cycle of over-harvesting which places the survival of trees and farmers themselves in jeopardy.
Essential oils can be safe, powerful and pleasurable, but only when used correctly and in small amounts.
In case you're wondering, yes, I do have one bottle of oil left in my home. It's my favourite, frankincense, from a little herbal emporium in Northern NSW. It's not a product of deforestation and it's organic.
I diffuse it sometimes and it does smell heavenly.


The vitality of our democracy is being sapped by a rising tide of political spending and a pervasive emphasis on money in the political process. Our political system has taken on the character of a permanent campaign in which elected officials are engaged in a continual chase for campaign dollars and interest groups raise and spend increasingly large sums to gain policy influence. The result is a political environment in which electoral concerns are predominant in policy deliberations and the need for campaign money too often shapes policy actions. Such a system does not serve the best interests of the nation or the business community.


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L_TmpV2 entry with project "ICU Infection Audit"
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If you have read my post regarding Gerry's Grill Plus Balibago's opening, you would know about these other two brands that are part of that concept store. Yakitori Binchotan & Ramen Sora are popular restaurants in Japan which were brought closer to us to taste authentic Jap cuisine.
Having been from Japan's food capital which is Sapporo, Yakitori Binchotan and Ramen Sora promise to offer high quality, flavor riched, authentic Japanese food straight on our plates.
I already tasted some from their menu and the taste of Tsukune had hunt me eversince that I vowed to go back there and take Mark with me. And that moment was today.
It is Father's day and though Mark isn't really a dad yet, we still put the occasion to use and off we go.
We both wanted to try the Ramen (of course!!!) and settled with a regular Shoyu Ramen which costs P305. It's large enough that two persons can share with it. Their house specialty is the Miso Ramen but I chose this because I already tasted the Miso one back in December.
We are rice babies that's why we have a plate of a Pork Fried rice. If only the aircon wasn't directly above us, the rice could have stayed hot for a longer time. Instead, it became dry towards the end of our meal. I think a plate costs P175, good for two.
Then Mark ordered this fried combination maki of salmon and tuna. I'm sorry I don't remember how much it is but it's only under P200 for 5pcs. I enjoyed this dish and its spiciness is just right and has a kick to it.
Let's head over my two favorite dishes shall we?
The first reason why I wanted to go back to the restaurant is their Gyoza. I loooovvvveee the Gyoza! I can't emphasize how much I want to eat it everyday! 5pcs of this meal costs P175 pesos. If you want 10pcs, it costs around P300…not sure of its exact amount.
And of course the second and the last reason was their Tsukune. It was love at first bite back on the opening day and tasting it again was falling all over again! A tsukune is a Japanese chicken meatball which is mostly cooked Yakitori style and often covered with sweet soy. Just thinking about it makes me crave for it again after a couple of hours eating them! Each stick costs P65.
All in all, our dining experience is quite an eventful one. Mark said everything was delicious and coming from a guy who's too picky when it comes to foreign cuisine, that is something. Everything in our dinner table is s favorite. Although their service is pleasant, I felt kinda disappointed on how many times I have to follow up for our Tsukune and when it came after almost half an hour, it was the wrong kind of dish. The place isn't on its full wing by that time…but I guess things like that happen. At least I enjoyed my dinner (for the most part of it). And oh, I love their Green Mango Shake too!
I would recommend the restaurant for those who love Japanese food and those who want to try something new. The place is nice and the food is delicious, you won't regret it.
Yakitori Binchotan and Ramen Sora is located at McArthur Hi-way Balibago, Angeles City near Pagcor, infront of Azurro Hotel.


The comparison table below shows you a range of information on forty-five low fare airlines flying across North Africa, the Persian Gulf Region, the Levant and Turkey - any of which will help you save money if you are travelling on a budget.
Which countries does each Middle East low fare airline fly to?
In which Middle Eastern states is each budget airline based?
Which budget airlines in the Middle East fly to Europe & Asia?
To see lists of budget airlines categorised under each country in the Middle East, try our Middle East & North Africa Low Cost Airlines by Country index.
Click the name of the low cost airline you want to fly with to see which countries that airline serves.
Click on any country listed beneath an airline for more information about routes - or go directly to the airline's website.
Bold countries in each country list indicate where each no-frills airline is based and from where it has the most connections.


text:
Jacques Bertrand, dit Jean Markale, né le 23 mai 1928 dans le  de Paris et mort le 23 novembre 2008 à Auray, est un écrivain, poète, conteur et conférencier français. Sa notoriété repose principalement sur la diffusion à plus d'un million d'exemplaires de son livre La Femme Celte, traduit en plus de vingt langues à la suite de l'engouement suscité en 1986 par la version anglaise.

Biographie

Dans son enfance, sa grand-mère bretonne l'initie aux contes et légendes locales et suscite ainsi  une véritable passion pour la culture bretonne.

En 1949, il rencontre André Breton et participe activement à la découverte passionnée par le mouvement surréaliste de cette époque, de l'art celtique comme du cycle arthurien. En 1956, il fera paraître aux éditions G. Fall une anthologie, Les grands bardes gallois, précédé d'un petit texte d'André Breton intitulé Braise au trépied de Keridwen, qui présente un Markale déjà indissociable de la matière de Bretagne : .

Il commence sa carrière comme professeur de lettres à Paris. Il enseigne notamment dans les années 1970 à l'école Massillon, quai des Célestins, dans le  de Paris. Érudit en littérature médiévale, il captive ses élèves à travers les récits de Chrétien de Troyes et conte tous les mystères de Brocéliande. En parallèle, il entreprend d'étudier et de raconter le cycle arthurien et, au fil du temps, il se spécialise dans l'histoire et les littératures celtiques. Ayant quitté l'enseignement, il se consacre entièrement à son œuvre.
Il s'installe alors en Bretagne, à Pluvigner (Morbihan), où il vivra avec sa seconde épouse, Môn Rigole-Markale, jusqu'à la fin de sa vie. Il contribuera beaucoup à la découverte de la forêt de Brocéliande et des légendes qui y sont attachées en participant à de nombreuses conférences et en organisant un spectacle théâtral centré sur le personnage de Merlin, dans le lieu naturel du « Miroir aux Fées ».

Il a publié de nombreux livres sur la civilisation celtique. En particulier, il s'est intéressé à la place de la femme dans le monde celte et le cycle du Graal. Ses premiers ouvrages étaient principalement destinés à un public d'érudits. Il a par la suite vulgarisé son approche afin de permettre à d'autres personnes de se familiariser avec son sujet.

Il prendra parfois une position différente de celle du monde académique sur certaines questions historiques. Par exemple son opinion sur le sujet de la localisation d'Alésia dans Vercingétorix :

Une biographie de Jean Markale est parue en 2012 aux Éditions Les Oiseaux de Papier, écrite par Jacky Ealet, avec un avant-propos de Môn Rigole-Markale, contenant de nombreuses photographies et documents inédits : Jean Markale, la quête de l'Autre Monde.

Critiques

Les ouvrages de Jean Markale ont fait l'objet de vives critiques dans les milieux universitaires. En 1971, Christian-Joseph Guyonvarc'h, spécialiste du monde celtique et ancien membre de l'unité SS dénommée Bezen Perrot, publie une recension particulièrement cinglante de trois livres de Jean Markale  déplorant l'accueil favorable qu'ils ont reçu dans la presse généraliste et accusant leur auteur d'être totalement incompétent dans les domaines de la linguistique, de l'histoire et de la culture celtiques, voire de se moquer de son propre lectorat. En 1978, il revient sur L'Épopée celtique en Bretagne, écrivant à propos de cet ouvrage :

De même, dans son compte rendu du livre Les Celtes et la civilisation celtique. Mythe et histoire, Michel Meslin parle d'une « abondance de simplifications outrancières », d'une « ignorance même des méthodes les plus élémentaires de l'histoire des religions » et de « multiples erreurs matérielles », classant le livre parmi les « plaidoyers pseudo-scientifiques ».

Les éditions Sand ont été condamnées en 1990 dans une affaire de plagiat pour avoir, en 1989, fait reparaître sous la signature de Jean Markale le Guide de la Bretagne Mystérieuse, publié vingt ans plus tôt par Gwenc'hlan Le Scouëzec chez Tchou (appartenant aux éditions Sand), qui avait déjà édité l'original dans la même collection.

Influence
 Son livre L'Épopée celtique d'Irlande a inspiré le groupe Manau pour leur album Panique Celtique.
 Le cycle du Graal a inspiré une part importante de l'œuvre du peintre Jean-Marie Martin.

Ouvrages

Le Cycle du Graal
 La Naissance du roi Arthur  - Le Cycle du Graal T1.
 Les Chevaliers de la Table ronde  - Le Cycle du Graal T2.
 Lancelot du lac  - Le Cycle du Graal T3.
 La Fée Morgane  - Le Cycle du Graal T4.
 Gauvain et les chemins d'Avalon  - Le Cycle du Graal T5.
 Perceval le Gallois  - Le Cycle du Graal T6.
 Galaad et le roi pêcheur  - Le Cycle du Graal T7.
 La Mort du roi Arthur  - Le Cycle du Graal T8.

La Grande Épopée des Celtes
 Les Conquérants de l'île verte.
 Les Compagnons de la branche rouge.
 Le Héros aux cent combats.
 Les Triomphes du roi errant.
 Les Seigneurs de la brume.

Autres livres
 Aliénor d'Aquitaine, 1979.
 Amour et sexualité chez les Celtes, Editions du Relié français, 2005.
 Amours celtes : sexe et magie, Le Relié poche, 2012.
 Brocéliande et l'énigme du Graal.
 Carnac et l'énigme de l'Atlantide.
 Charlemagne et Roland.
 Chartres et l'énigme des druides, © Pygmalion,1988.
 Chateaubriand au-delà du miroir.
 Contes et légendes des pays celtes.
 Contes de la mort des pays de France, Albin Michel, 1992.
 Contes populaires de Bretagne.
 Contes populaires grivois des pays de France.
 Dolmens et menhirs.
 Druides et chamanes.
 Gisors et l'énigme des Templiers, Paris, Éditions Pygmalion/Gérard Watelet, 1986 .
 Guide spirituel de la forêt de Brocéliande.
 Halloween.
 Histoire secrète de la Bretagne, Albin Michel, 1977.
 Histoire de la France secrète.
 Isabeau de Bavière, 1982.
 L'Amour courtois.
 La Femme celte, Paris, Payot, 1972, 416, .
 La Fille de Merlin.
 La Grande Déesse, Albin Michel, 1997.
 La Tour de Nesle.
 La Tradition celtique en Bretagne armoricaine, 1978.
 Lancelot et la chevalerie arthurienne.
 Le Chêne de la sagesse.
 Le Druidisme. Traditions et dieux des Celtes, Paris, Payot, 1985, 286, .
 Le Mont-Saint-Michel et l'énigme du dragon, © Pygmalion, 1987.
 Le Roi Arthur et la société celtique, Paris, Payot, 1976,  434, .
 Le Christianisme celtique et ses survivances populaires.
 Le Graal, Albin Michel, 1996.
 Le Périple de Saint Colomban.
 Le Tombeau de Merlin.
 L'Énigme des vampires.
 L'Énigme du Saint Graal de Rennes-le-Château à Marie-Madeleine.
 L'Épopée celtique en Bretagne, 1975.
 L'Épopée celtique d'Irlande, 1979.
 Légendes de Bretagne.
 L'Épopée des Gaulois.
 Les Celtes et la civilisation celtique, Paris, Payot, 1969, 494, , , .
 Les Dames du Graal.
 Les Grands Bardes gallois, 1956, (nouvelle édition augmentée en 1976).
 Les Mystères de l'après-vie.
 Les Saints fondateurs de la Bretagne et des pays celtes.
 Les Révoltés de Dieu.
 Mélusine, Albin Michel, 1993.
 Mémoires d'un celte, Albin Michel, 1992.
 Merlin l'Enchanteur ou l'Éternelle quête magique, Albin Michel, 2009.
 Montségur et l'énigme cathare.
 Notre-Dame de la nuit.
 Paroles celtes, Albin Michel, 1996.
 Petite Encyclopédie du graal.
 Pour une rose.
 Rennes-le-Château ou l'énigme de l'or maudit.
 Siegfried ou l'or du Rhin.
 Sites et sanctuaires celtes.
 Vercingétorix.
 L'Homme lesbien, précédé de Tombeau de Merlin ou J. Markale, poète de la celtitude, par Claire Fourier, 2008.
 La Bastille et l'énigme du masque de fer, éditions Pygmallion, 1989.
.

Distinctions
 1976 : prix Calmann-Lévy pour La Tradition celtique en Bretagne armoricaine
 1983 : prix Thérouanne pour Vercingétorix

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1928
Naissance dans le 14e arrondissement de Paris
Écrivain français du XXe siècle
Écrivain français du XXIe siècle
Écrivain français de fantastique
Auteur français de contes
Écrivain breton
Auteur du cycle arthurien
Folkloriste de Bretagne
Collecteur de contes bretons
Nom de plume
Lauréat du prix Broquette-Gonin (littérature)
Décès en novembre 2008
Décès à 80 ans
Décès à Auray
Lauréat du prix Thérouanne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Because our trade prices are so competitive, everyone wants to pay trade prices. To avoid this, we need to identify bona fide trade customers and allow them to log in securely using their own unique password.
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Unlike most other wholesale supplier, there is NO minimum order, but a small premium is built in to the shipping costs of very small orders such as a single reel of ribbon. Most cusrtomers order several reels at a time, so enjoy the best value.


Do you want a dog but not the expense or long term commitment?
Can you give a dog a loving temporary home?
We are seeking supporters on the I.O.W. who would be willing to run a stall at Car Boots to raise much needed funds for rescued animals. Possibly two friends who would be willing to pick up goods from our Gunville shop, price the items and sell. If you can help please phone 01983 522511 .
There are MANY many ways to help Friends of the Animals, these ways all help our rescues ranging from hands on short term fostering to helping in one of our shops.
Please take a look at the lists below and see how you could help.
Can you help Friends of the Animals?
If YOU are free most of the time, have an enclosed garden and want to help a rescued dog.
WE will supply all the bedding, food, equipment, veterinary care etc. and cover your expenses.
All our rescues need feeding so a tin / packet / sachet of pet food donated at one of our collection points or dropped off when were fund raising is ALWAYS welcome.
Collection points are at Pets at Home, Burrfields, Portsmouth.
Pets at Home in Newport on the I.O.W.
Voluntary drivers take animals and their owners to vets, help collect donations and even transport other volunteers to events.
The more voluntary drivers we have – the more we can achieve. We happily pay a mileage rate.
Matching the right animal to the right home is crucial. We are always looking for people to visit potential new homes to assess their suitability for a pet.
We give detailed training and support for this very important task.
Are you a handyman /woman, a builder, a musician, a mechanic? All these talents could help the Sanctuary, our foster homes, our rescues. PAM PALCO has a rare talent. She is a wonderful American artist who's beautiful miniature paintings are much sought after.
She kindly makes donations to the Charity when one of her pieces sells in this country. Pam's paintings (above left) are proof that whatever your ability and wherever you live, you CAN make a difference.
The list of place and things you can do with just a small gift of time is endless!
At a street or store collection, an hour or two's "tin shaking can raise £60. An hour or two in one of our shops can make a real difference and raise £100.
A regular hour or two at the Sanctuary can save a life. A couple of hours of admin work can ensure we have the funds and support to keep going.
A car boot can raise the money for a vital dental operation. A Quiz night at your local pub or club could raise the money to save an animal with pyometre. Arrange for us to come and give a talk to your club or group.
Plan / organise your own event – we will try and support with publicity and items. Hold a raffle at your place of work. We can often help with prizes and advertising.
Register with "Give as you live" to do your on line shopping.
Then as you shop, the stores themselves make a donation to the Charity. It's as simple as that!
Pet Plan will donate 10% of your first premium to the Charity.
We avidly collect out of date and Foreign coins and bank notes.
Every year we are able to raise hundreds of pounds from this one item.
Drop them off to any branch or we may be able to collect.
If, When, you next shop at "Pets at Home" please join "Support Adoption for Pets" – the Charitable arm of Pets at Home.
You will get special offers on YOUR purchases AND you can nominate Friends of the Animals to be your chosen Charity and we will receive a percentage of the amount you spend every time you shop and swipe your card.
If you have kindly made a donation for our the rescues and you pay tax PLEASE complete a "Gift Aid" form by clicking here and sending it to our Head Office.
The Charity will then be able to claim an additional 25% from The Government at NO COST TO YOU!
A £10-00 donation is worth an additional £2-50 when the Charity makes it's claim.
If you are an ebayer, you can choose Friends of the Animals to receive some or all of the proceeds of an items sold "for Charity".
The proportion of the amount you donate will be reflected in the proportion of the final sale costs levied by EBAY.
So, when you're having your next clear out on line please remember our rescued animals.
If you are able to help in any way, please email us in the first instance using the form below, leaving your name, email address and a telephone number as to where we can contact you.


Choosing a car seat is one of the most important things you can do for your child. Their safety is obviously of paramount importance; but everyone has a different budget. Whether it be limited or unlimited, we shouldn't put a price on the safety of our children.
Of course, the type of car we own also has to be considered; not all car seats will fit every car. I own a hatchback and The Husband owns a saloon, so the boys' car seats fit differently in both our cars. But if you are lucky enough to own a convertible, then the following infographic will help you in choosing a car seat for your child.


Westcoast Wholesalers was set up a few years ago, with the sole mean to give only the best in class Laptop Repair or Macbook Repair in Perth Australia. We provide a wide range of Laptop & Macbook Repair Service and tablets repairs, and have enormous involvement in guaranteeing convenient conveyance of each one of our products and services, and help you with the best after sales support and assistance. We also provide Laptop or Mackbook Repair service in Alexander heights, Thornlie and Forest lakes area.
We offer 3 months' warranty on all Laptop Repair in Perth. Actually, we ensure the best Laptop & Macbook Repair Center, as well as give the same at the least expensive rates in whole Perth. Thus, when you hand us over your valuable phones, it would be ideal if you be rest guaranteed that they are in the correct hands.


text:
Home Management Team
Simone Amber
Simone Amber is the co-founder of Fab Lab Connect- to Build, Accelerate & Connect Fab Labs as well as to bring resources to projects from the Fab Lab community in order to take them to the next level. She joined the Fab Foundation board when it was created in 2009 by MIT Professor Neil Gershenfeld.
Her expertise lies deeply in the corporate world of finance, investor relations, corporate social responsibility, stakeholder relations, and employee engagement as experts and mentors. She also works across sectors: Governments, NGOs, international organizations, corporations, academia, and local communities.
She is the architect of a unique, innovative and technology-focused educational program called Schlumberger Excellence in Education Development (SEED):
20 years experience in Education: Founder and CEO of SEED, a standalone corporate social responsibility arm of Schlumberger
Worked closely since 1993 with the MIT Media Lab, originally with Professor Seymour Papert, then with his students and colleagues
Served a network of over 1,000 schools of which 300 in 44 developing countries received grants with the support of employees and volunteers from 115 countries
Focused on issues like water and climate change and provided teacher training around STEM and robotics
Simone graduated from l'Institut d'Etudes Politiques (Paris) and subsequently received her MBA from INSEAD, a European business school. She then moved to New York City. SEED was born out of a deep sense of the increasing interdependence of all people. Simone wanted to create opportunities for youth, especially in the most disadvantaged parts of the world. Education combined with technology made it possible to provide powerful tools, training as well as collaboration with youth from different parts of the world. What better way to give individuals more opportunities and to create more tolerance?
That dream came true and now she wants to support innovators to make their dreams come true through Fab Lab Connect.
Nader Shaterian
Nader Shaterian is the Co-Founder of Fab Lab Connect and Founder/CEO of NPOST Media Group. Advisor and Mentor for Venture Capital Projects in Europe, Iran and the United States for Social Good, Art and Education.
Mechanical Engineer by training, Nader worked in the automotive and aerospace industries for 10 years. After receiving his Masters in Information Systems and Management at UC Berkeley in 1997, he spent 15 years in the Silicon Valley. Excels at building technical teams from the ground up. Held Advisory roles at Cisco, Fujitsu, JP Morgan Chase, Sonic, MARSYS and AT&T.
In 2009 Nader Founded NPOST Media Group which provides inbound and social media marketing for Fortune 500 Companies. Current clients include Dole Food Company.
In 2013 Co-Founded Fab Lab Connect with Simone Amber to provide access to technology for the masses. Partnered with MIT Center for Bits and Atoms to build and manage Fab Labs in France and Ecuador.
Fab Lab VR app is being built and makes it possible for anyone to experience a Fab Lab from anywhere using virtual reality.
Virtual simulation for Cognitive Patient Research at UCLA – Laboratory of Neuromodulation & Neuroimaging
School Fab Lab is a project-based, integrated education program that focuses on digital design, digital fabrication and robotics. The program is delivered through three main components: teacher training, online platform and machines.


High school diploma or equivalent and a minimum of 2 years of experience training and/or teaching golf in a structured program.
Ability to read and interpret documents such as safety rules, operating and maintenance instructions, and procedure manuals. Ability to write routine reports and correspondence. Ability to communicate effectively.


New Star Soccer 5 is a football simulator developed by New Star Games. It's a football simulator that lets you immerse into a career of professional footballer from its very beginnings. Start your journey as 16-year-old teenager prodigy and earn your right to play in the world's biggest stadiums and Leagues amongst the very best in the game!


Most opposition parties are committed to a coalition and taking the electorate's needs forward, Democratic Alliance (DA) parliamentary leader Lindiwe Mazibuko said on Wednesday.
"Opposition parties are committed to re-aligning politics in South Africa, this is also the sense we get from voters all over the country who want parties to form a coalition," Mazibuko said at an election debate with other political party leaders in Johannesburg.
She said the DA's failed merger with Agang SA had not deterred the party from its goal of winning 30% of the vote nationwide and winning the Gauteng and Northern Cape provinces in the upcoming general elections.
"When we first started talking with [Agang SA] leader Dr Mamphela Ramphele, we had planned to call our party the Democrats," she said.
"We will continue with the plan we had as the DA, even before the merger, as we move towards the elections."
She said a merger with Agang SA would have brought the DA much closer to achieving the 30% vote and having a strong coalition.
Congress of the People (Cope) leader Mosiuoa Lekota said political coalitions were a process.
"You cannot just tell all opposition parties to become one just like that, each of the parties have constituents."
He said the parties all had to first agree on issues to prioritise together with the electorate.
The African Christian Democratic Party, Cope, Freedom Front Plus, Inkatha Freedom Party and the United Christian Democratic Party formed the Collective for Democracy (CD) in December.
The parties said they would work to advance democracy and contest the election with a view to securing enough representation to form a new government.
Lekota said the CD would forge ahead with its plan. He did not believe the DA had a chance of becoming the government without a coalition.


BerlinWood™ Fingerboards was founded by Timo Lieben in 2002 in a time when plastic was the most common fingerboard. Handcrafted 5 ply decks available to everybody distributed by the strongest influence to the scene…Blackriver-Ramps!
After years of promoting fingerboarding hand in hand, these brands made a unique step and grew together in 2009. A more professional production was built in Schwarzenbach and new decks has been developed together with the world-champion Elias Assmuth.
Professional graphics and more shapes added to enlarge the assortment constantly.
Decks are now built by Timo Lieben and the new formed BW production Crew making BerlinWood™ one of rare professional workshops run and lead by fingerboarders.
Mastermind Timo Lieben was the first to manufacture professional wooden fingerboards the way skateboards are made. His formula for success are all the new ideas and innovations he steadily brings to the community like the first bushings and bearings. With a view to take fingerboarding to the next level!
Being interested in all kind of skill toys Timo Lieben started fingerboarding in 1999 and joined Blackriver-Ramps one year later visiting FastFingers3. In the following years he showed true heart by supporting fingerboarding in any way he could.
Influencing the scene with the first bearings and bushings and in 2002 releasing BerlinWood he allways showed new ways. "theDriver" was a given name by Martin Winkler in that time because of all those uncounted events and contests they did together in Timos car.
In 2009 Timo moved from Berlin to Schwarzenbach to work in the new BW production and to be more involved in the daily work that runs Blackriver-Ramps.
Together with Martin Winkler and Thomas Hansen he lives now in a place called "Am Steig" living the dream of fingerboarding… till today!


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Homo luzonensis
A new species of early human is discovered in the Philippines
Homo sapiens was not as lonely as once thought
THE HUMAN SPECIES is a lonely one. Today there are two species of gorilla, two of chimpanzees and a whopping three species of orang-utan, but just one sort of human. It wasn't always so. People are familiar with the idea that Homo sapiens once shared Eurasia with another human, H. neanderthalensis. In 2004 researchers announced to great fanfare that they had found the bones of a third contemporaneous relative, a rather short human species who lived on the Indonesian island of Flores. This became H. floresiensis, and was quickly dubbed the "Hobbit". Then, in 2010, geneticists declared that a single finger bone found in a cave in the Altai Mountains of western Siberia carried a distinct genome which suggested it belonged to a fourth group, the Denisovans.
A new study reveals that the landscape the ancestors of H. sapiens roamed across was even more crowded, until quite recently. It describes an entirely new species of hominin, whose remains were found at the fringes of the ancient world; in South-East Asia, a region that has until quite recently been largely ignored by palaeoanthropologists.
Glimpses of the new species came in 2010, when a collaboration of Philippine, French and Australian researchers announced that they had found a human-like foot bone on Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines. The bone was 67,000 years old, meaning its owner was alive shortly before H. sapiens ventured out of Africa. It was discovered alongside butchered animal bones on an island separated from mainland Asia by a sea. All this pointed to a fairly sophisticated human, capable of creating sharp cutting tools, and quite possibly also able to build and steer a boat or raft (though some argue it may have floated, or swam across to the islands).
The same team, led by Florent Détroit of the Musée de l'Homme in Paris, report in Nature this week that alongside the foot bone they have also found two finger bones, two toe bones and a number of teeth. From these, they have identified at least three individuals with features that indicate that they belonged to a new species of human.
The fossil remains of H. luzonensis are bizarre. The toe bones, for instance, suggest it was adapted to climbing trees as well as walking on two legs—something more typical of distant australopithecine relatives who lived millions of years ago in Africa. The Luzon premolar teeth also look primitive, but the molars are modern and H. sapiens-like. As with the Hobbit, it is likely that these features evolved in H. luzonensis as a result of its island living. Previous studies have shown that when species become isolated, as on an island, unusual features emerge.
How H. luzonensis lived, and whether it ever met with H. sapiens, remains to be seen. The team attempted to extract DNA from the fossils, but were unsuccessful.
More from Science & technology
Viruses hitch lifts on some bacteria, the better to kill others
Animal economics
Balinese temple monkeys are sophisticated thieves
Repurposing drugs
Two arthritis medicines prove effective for covid-19


This piece of work, is prepared in order to act as a reference point for many college students and business professionals; right at the beginning of their corporate journey. The readers will not only have the chance to understand relationships between functions clearly in corporate life, but also increase their awareness about core company reportings, financials and processes. What's more, the social tips provided for corporate life, will help them to refresh their self confidence. The fact that the book is written in English, will help readers not to be lost in plaza jargon, and the readers will have the chance to experience many terminological words in their real sense.
Here is the unique story of Mark Twin that will enable all readers to internalize corporate life from a totally different perspective; an unprecedented genre in literature: A newgraduate, Mark Twin, joinsone of thefamousChocolateCompanies Tbc as an assistantbrandmanager. Withthisfirst step to Tbc, he startstodiscoverthechallenges of working at corporate life. Fortunately, he is immediatelyassignedinto a newproductlaunchprojectby his managerandnewdifficultiesare on thewayforhim. But everychallengebringsitsownopportunity… Will he be abletolearntofindtheanswerstothequestionsbelowandlearntomanagethechallenges of corporate life?
How do thenewbeginnersperceivecorporate life and how does it reallyoperate?
Whatarethecoreresponsibilities of functions/departmentsand how can a newbeginnerlearntomanagetheworkflow?
Whatarethecommoncasesthat a newbeginnermaycomeacross in corporatelife ?
What is theimportanceof networking&stakeholdermanagement in corporate life? How do yourelateyourcase/analysistoyourkeystakeholders?


This was the best episode of the season for me.
The Lamborghini review that started the episode off was just a classic supercar review. It was great to se it out there, to hear about what made it different from the regular Huracan, and I'm glad it really did end up being quick around the track.
Conversation Street was really good in my book because the bit about the Bentayga special edition was honestly funny, and the crowd participation seemed organic and fun.
The fueling film was actually pretty good for one of the nonsense ones, and I was genuinely impressed by the airport vehicle contraption. Sure they didn't need to specify that the acrobats were Chinese, and that's a little annoying, but all in all, a pretty damn good goof-off film.
SIARPC or whatever it's called -- a good one in my book because both guests had fun, seemed like they were into it, had good car stories. I liked it and I usually don't find it all that great.
okay. now the real conversation. The Lancia Film. It was phenomenal. The combination of thrilling footage from the era and recreations that helped tell the story effectively made this film really special. The story is one of the most exciting in rally history, and it captures a sense of the charisma that I think is missing from car racing nowadays. The homologation anecdote.... incredible. Jeremy told it well, the production was stellar, and it closed out an episode that already had all the right ingredients.
This episode brought me back to what made me love Top Gear. I learned something, I laughed, and I got to look at cars that thrilled me.
The Lancia vs Audi segment that Clarkson did -- sure, Clarkson's "cheating" riffs were on the meh side, but when he goes factual, that's when he really nails it. It's right up there with James' segment on the Ford-Ferrari rivalry from last year.
That ... is what TGT can do that TGMRC can't, because the Matt / Rory / Chris don't have the props to do historical storytelling.
Also, the "long time ago on a car show far far away" bit in Richard's segment ... they're going to have to do more of those, acknowledge their past and their history.
Very good episode, would have been a 9 if not for the refueling segment. Deducted 1 point because of it. So 8/10.
One of the best eps in the series so far IMO. Good humour/chemistry, goofy car stuff, a proper car review, fun guests and informative segment. The true core of what always made TG what it was and why TGT still can feel fresh.
What can I add that hasnt been said already most definately the best episode this season it was Clarkson, Hammond and May doing what they do best.
A good review from Richard Hammond on the Lambourghini.
The refueling was Hammond and May cocking about probably today the weakest part.
Anthony Joshua and Bill Goldberg in Celebrity Face Off was also fun to watch.
Audi versus Lancia as mentioned this sort of thing is done by Jeremy Clarkson so very well and actually seeing the people involved such as Walter Rohrl etc. was a pleasure to see.
Ok... I must say that this is one of greatest and the best episode to this date, of this season of Grand Tour.
The Lambo segment was perfect, great review, not a short review either, exactly like the "old show". Perfect.
Conversation Street, was also very good, again much like the "old show", great topics, but i wish it was a tiny bit longer, but still very good indeed.
The refueling thing, was good enough and well done because it wasn't a big segment, and sure i wouldn't mind watch this type of things if tehy were in small segments. In the end I enjoyed thsi part.
Celeb's: it was alright but I wished that they've done since the start, one guest at the time not two. It would save time for other great segments like the next one.
Audi vs Lancia, was the cherry at the top of the cake. This is one of those moments when the presenters and team, can can pull an astonishing piece of footage. Loved it so much.
Yup. Lancia vs. Audi is going to be classic piece of car history storytelling. Long time since last serious history feature by Clarkson (it was the SAAB one, I suppose, since the Peugeot bit was too... well, you know what I mean).
Never expected Rohrl to be so nicely-introvertish, always imagined him a badass guy since he had the balls to develop the 037, then the updated Quattro and almost all the modern Porsches.
And BTW, why "gas"? Petrol's a liquid!
That Huracan made for a nice review. That carbon/resin mix just makes those panels look very dusty, though. And I was hoping the drag race would be between the new Huracan and an old one, especially after Richard talked about the new ducts. Oh well, we're probably talking a foot or two (for an extra 50k) anyway. The sound it makes, especially during the lap, reminded me of the fury of a Group B Audi Quattro S1 at times, which is a very good thing!
Couldn't they have afforded the Thunderbirds theme for the first refuelling test? Seems clear that's what they were going for. Sounded weird hearing Richard saying "we are pumping gas," but then again, he is American. Loved the Acrogas test! The third test is what I was thinking before I saw it, namely, 'why not Knight Rider style?' Very fun segment overall!
Goldberg? Ok, I guess I'll watch the guest segment this week. Best part was "mysteriously, someone placed a car in front of me at a traffic light."
I'm adding comments as I watch, so WOW, when I mentioned the Quattro earlier, I had no idea I'd see one later on! I guess seeing Walter Rohrl at the beginning should've been a clue, but I forgot about that... Great segment, and not just because I'm a huge rally fan. Loved the part about homologation.
Excellent episode overall, maybe the best episode of TGT yet. Felt very much like the best Top Gear of old. 10/10, which is very rare for me. This is exactly what I've always hoped TGT would be and I finally have a perfect, or near perfect, episode.
I absolutely loved it. Lamborghini segment for well paced. Everything you needed to know was handed to you when you thought about it. Conversation street was fine, CDM was also quite enjoyable. But the crown jewel of this episode and may I boldly say the series, Audio vs Lancia, was just superb. This is what I was looking for throughout this season. All other episodes lacked something, and I could never put my finger on what was missing. Now I know what it was. It was the car passion, that no amount of fooling around and bursting into flames can fake.
When the talked about Lancia "cheating" I laughed, when they talked about dusty, gravel stages, I was worried, and when Walter was describing his dreamlike victory at San Remo, I shed a manly tear, the one reserved for the ending of The Gladiator. Glorious.
I really liked this whole episode and of course the Lancia segment was phenomenal.
Performante review was brilliant! "a lifetime ago, on a car show in a galaxy far, far away" mint AF! I also loved the fact that they used James's own Speciale for the drag race (another reference to TG when they used James's old F430 to race the 458 Italia). The banter they did at the start of the drag race was pretty obvious but its forgivable. I expected the Performante to post a fast lap and it did, but I didn't expect it to beat the 720S. So a little surprise there. My favourite supercar review of this season.
Conversation street was the best of this series. They talked about a lot of cars this time, that was nice! And Alana Spencer .
The refueling film was good, there were some jokes that you could see coming from a mile away but even then it was a decent watch. Celebrity face off wasn't that interesting but Anthony's accident description was epic! "someone placed a car in front of me" LOL.
And then came the Lancia vs Audi film. Easily one of the best films they've done this season. The footage, the history, the interviews, the "loopholes" that Lancia found and the cars themselves, everything was amazing and a pleasure to watch. I was excited when they wanted me to be and anxious when they didn't. That really was what Top Gear did best, and with this film, so does Grand Tour. A little bit of history, a little of bit humor and a lot epic cars. The 037 that Jezza drove was so beautiful! Sad to see they went from making that to ugly family hatchbacks. Anyway, excellent film to end a great episode. 9/10 from me.
9/10 for that last film. It was so brilliant I don't remember what else was in the episode. Fantastic mini-documentary.
Hey, can you explain what a zed is?
The mobile petrol refilling segment seemed a little lacking in their usual quality but the rest was a great episode. I really enjoyed the celebrity bit for a change.
Stellar episode, keep them coming like this!! Conversation street on point. Exactly the kind of conversation we want to hear. I almost feel like GT listened to feedback about more car-related conversation and are hitting the nail on the head. I laughed at Hammond's sarcastic jab at us unscripted complainers with his race with May. Just so you know boys, When we complain about being unscripted, we mean the goofy bits like the car refueling and not things being scripted and planned during supercar reviws! I digress, it was an excellent episode, I can overlook the things I disliked. Take a 10 and bring us back more.
Good episode, probably the best one yet. No "special", just not only solid, but good entertainment from start to finish without cringing.
Even the silly segment with the refueling was good. I liked how they went over-the-top for the failed attempts, but at the same time completely deadpan about it. Same with the Lancia story, it was how they delivered the "renenactments" that made it good. Also, I can never get enough on-board footage of 80's rally drivers channeling their inner Moses parting the sea of spectators.


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text:
Die Liste der Baudenkmäler in der Kommune Kujalleq umfasst alle geschützten Gebäude und Bereiche in der grönländischen Kommune Kujalleq. Für Erklärungen siehe die Liste der Baudenkmäler in Grönland.

Hinweis: Es gibt zahlreiche Unstimmigkeiten zwischen der Liste des Kommunalplans, den erwähnten Gebäuden in de gule bynotater und dem Nationalmuseum. Wegen möglicher Überholtheit der Daten ist der im Kommunalplan gegebene Verweis auf die Lokalpläne der früheren Gemeinde Qaqortoq nicht in die Liste eingepflegt worden. Ebenso werden nur sporadisch in den Gebietsplänen genannte Gebäude wegen offensichtlicher Unvollständigkeit und Fehlerhaftigkeit nicht beachtet und stattdessen nur auf die Liste des Kommunalplans Bezug genommen. Das x in der Spalte Beleg gibt an, dass das jeweilige Gebäude in der Liste erscheint.

Distrikt Qaqortoq

Qaqortoq

Eqalugaarsuit

Qanisartuut

Qassimiut

Saarloq

Distrikt Narsaq

Narsaq

Igaliku

Narsarsuaq

Qassiarsuk

Distrikt Nanortalik

Nanortalik

Aappilattoq

Akuliaruseq

Alluitsoq

Alluitsup Paa

Ammassivik

Narsarmijit

Qallimiut

Weblinks
 Grönlandkarte mit Gebäudenummern. NunaGIS.
 Kommunalplan der Kommune Kujalleq.
 Frühere Liste aller denkmalgeschützten und denkmalwürdigen Gebäude Grönlands. Grönländisches Nationalmuseum und -archiv (archiviert).
 Fredede bygninger og anden kulturarvsbeskyttelse. Grönländisches Nationalmuseum und -archiv.

Einzelnachweise

Kujalleq
Baudenkmaler