On Monday December 3rd 2018, the 50kg ESA Education Office satellite ESEO was launched by Space-X on the Spaceflight SSO-A SmallSat Express mission.
ESEO – In a similar manner to JY1SAT, the official confirmation has not been received, but the best TLEs are currently 2018-99AL / 43792. The 9k6 downlink signal on 437.00MHz is quite strong and reports and recordings are welcomed. Please continue to check the https://www.esa.int/Education/ESEO website for the latest updates from ESA. We can confirm that the AMSAT payload with a downlink on 145.985 MHz has not yet been activated and that DK3WN and EA4GPZ, working with other collaborators, have developed a decoder for the 437.00 MHz downlink signals. It is hoped that a UI, to show the actual telemetry values, will also be available soon.
With some luck………… Monday December 3rd will see two more satellites carrying FUNcube payloads launched into orbit.
With that launch, JY1Sat and ESEO will join FUNcube-1 (A0-73) and Nayif-1 (EO-88).
The FUNcube team have been busy, not only designing and implementing the payloads, but also working on the Telemetry Dashboards and the Data Warehouse.
Each satellite has a dedicated dashboard and we have created a one page summary (FUNcube Dashboard Summary v1) of those dashboards, their current version number and a dedicated download link.
These dashboards are under continual development and the next planned development is to create a single dashboard that will service all FUNcube Telemetry payloads simultaneously. Keep a look out for further news on this unified dashboard in 2019.
All telemety received via the dashboards is forwarded to the central data warehouse, providing you have registered for an account. This has been a very successful part of the FUNcube project as it has allowed for worldwide data collection by amateurs and for all the data to be available to download and used for educational purposes.
With the pending launch of two additional satellites, some changes where required to allow this data capture to continue in an efficient manner. The data warehouse has a new user interface and all satellite data can be assessed with one URL – http://data.amsat-uk.org . Once at the new user interface, simply select the satellite you are interested in, and all the usual telemetry will be available along with the list of current data providers to the database for that satellite.
Both the dashboards and the data warehouse are under continual development, so be sure to check back for updates.
The FUNcube team is very grateful to all radio amateurs worldwide for their continued support and we encourage you all to join in with the reception of JY1Sat and ESEO telemetry upon a successful launch this Sunday.
The ESEO microsatellite includes a FUNcube payload which will provide similar telemetry to its predecessors but will have a more powerful transmitter and thus be even easier to hear. For amateurs, this payload will also provide a single channel L/V transponder for FM. These downlinks will be transmitted on 145.895 MHz and the FM transponder uplink will be on 1263.5 MHz with a 67Hz PLL tone required.
A new Dashboard has been developed for this mission and is available for download here.
The new Dashboard will operate in exactly the same manner as those developed for previous missions and general set-up information can be downloaded here.
We expect that the FUNcube telemetry transmitter will become operational after the launch and subsequent to the completion of initial de-tumbling of the spacecraft.
Thanks for your valuable support for this mission!


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The Globalist Footprint Declaration - Their Foundational Plan
The gradual rise in the Earth's average temperature thought to be caused by additional heat being trapped in the atmosphere by a buildup of greenhouse gases. Scientists say the change in climate brought on by global warming could cause flooding from melting ice caps, more severe storms and droughts. The theory is still hotly disputed by some groups, including some Republicans in Congress who don't believe global warming has been proven as a threat.
GREENHOUSE GASES
Chemicals that trap the sun's heat near the Earth like a blanket. These chemicals include methane and carbon dioxide. Supporters of climate change legislation blame carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels for global warming.
A measure of the impact of human activities on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases they produce, measured in units of carbon dioxide.
Paying to make up for carbon emissions. Websites are now dedicated to allowing consumers to pay to have trees planted or contribute to a wind farm to make up for the carbon dioxide emitted when they drive or take a flight. A more formal, albeit unregulated, global voluntary carbon market also exists in which companies can buy verified emissions reductions to reduce their carbon footprint. The recession hurt demand for these offsets, which currently trade between $3 and $11 a tonne, but prices and demand are starting to improve.
CAP AND TRADE
A system that sets limits on harmful emissions, giving allowances to affected industries within these limits, or caps. Companies with emissions below the cap could sell their extra allowances to bigger polluters on a new financial market exchange. The Obama administration and Democrats in Congress support the system, but Republicans argue it would push more manufacturing abroad and raise energy prices.
CARBON PERMITS
Used in a cap and trade system, they bestow on their owner the legal right to emit greenhouse gases. Climate legislation in the Senate has outlined a plan for distributing the permits.
A policy that would tax fossil fuels based on their carbon content. It would be used to encourage the use of more clean energy sources. The corporate world has shown some support for this policy tool, but it has made little progress in getting into legislation.
Location of an international summit to be held in December on climate change. The hope is for this United Nations summit to bring about a legally binding agreement on how to reduce the world's carbon emissions. But the United Nations recently lowered expectations for a climate deal at the meeting, saying it was preparing for post-Copenhagen talks. The United States is pushing to make gains on its own climate legislation before the meeting as U.S. leadership is considered vital to global talks.
Short for Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, which sets binding targets for emissions of greenhouse gases that spur global warming. The United States never ratified the agreement, which called for developed countries to cut emissions by an average of 5.2 percent below what they were in 1990, saying it was unfair to exempt developing countries like China and India. The agreement expires in 2012. The world is looking to talks in Copenhagen to build on this agreement.
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
A part of Kyoto that allowed developed countries to invest in projects, or offsets, that reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries. Its key point is that it allows for emission reductions that would not otherwise have been possible.
The UN Plot to Confiscate Civilian Weapons - Weapons Control, your Choices and your Responsibilities
FAIR USE NOTICE: Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit
for Research and Educational Purposes. Menu is at the Top, Sitemap is Here.
Front-line New World Order Whistle Blowers - Learn the Faces
Free Book in PDF - Steps Toward the Mark of the Beast
Informational Video's from Behind the New World Order
Links & References
NWO Exposé
Clinton is a globalist and he promotes multi-polarity, the doctrine where no country such as the USA, should be allowed to gain advantage over others. Clinton and his wife Hillary are deep into the New World Order.
Blavatsky was a theosophist with close relations to Freemasonry, her theosophical system of thought was often referred to as: the Occult Science, the Ascended Master Teachings and Agni Yoga.
Harding was a man who could not say "no" to his friends. In fact, his father once told him that it was good that he had not been born "a gal," or else he would have been "in the family way all the time."
The Constitution was drafted to work in a free nation with borders and without our borders, the definition of the area of coverage to the freedoms and rights protected by the Constitution are gone forever.
The Federal Reserve Banking system is the Jetter Cup for the United States of America. Designed to work well with the nations monetary system, it has the power to skim the cream off the top or milk the sheep dry.
Many who've endured implanted microchip removal says it requires painstaking surgery that is difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. The big problem is locating the microchip under the skin.
Calvin Coolidge, nicknamed Silent Cal was considered the Calm before the Storm - the Roaring 20's. He opposed American entry into the League of Nations, but supported the United States joining the World Court.
A Constitutional Republic protects individual rights, a democracy is simply a theory of power: what the majority wants, the majority gets. The Constitution was ordained to restrain governmental power.
With the stroke of a pen, Kennedy declared that the privately owned Federal Reserve Bank would soon be out of business. On 11 22, 1963, as his car drove slowly past cheering crowds in Dallas, shots rang out.
Wondering what's going on with our world today? You're under the influence of a controlled Media propaganda campain promoting Political, Economic and Religious structures of the New World Order system.
The history of Fiat Money, by it's very design is one of failure, every fiat currency since the Romans in the first century has ended in devaluation and collapse by letting the printing presses run wild.
When the World Bank and the IMF lend money to debtor nations, the money comes with strings attached whereby opening their economies to penetration by foreign corporations, all using tax-payer money.
Corrie Ten Boom, a Famous lady who knew about the persecutions under Tyranny. While living in Holland during WW2 she used her home as a sanctuary and smuggled the persecuted out of her nation to freedom.
There's two trains on a collision course, a Humanistic, Atheistic, Socialist system which takes the place of God, assuming the role of provider and Globally controlling the actions of mankind, and The Creator of the Universe.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Архангельське () — село у Сосновському районі Челябінської області Російської Федерації.

Входить до складу муніципального утворення Архангельське сільське поселення. Населення становить 919 осіб (2017).

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Від січня 1924 року належить до Сосновського району Челябінської області (спочатку Челябінського району).

Згідно із законом від 9 липня 2004 року органом місцевого самоврядування є Архангельське сільське поселення.

Населення

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Села Челябінської області

Населені пункти Сосновського району (Челябінська область)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This post was originally set out to be published during IndieAthon last month, but due to circumstances you'll be able to read it now! Charles Harris is best-selling author and award-winning writer-director for cinema, BBC and Channel 4. His debut satirical thriller novel The Breaking of Liam Glass has been an genre best-seller and finalist for a Wishing Shelf Book Award for fiction. It also breaks many of the rules.
Whatever you set out to do in indie publishing or self-publishing, there'll be people who are only too keen to tell you the rules. Yet, history is full of people who've broken the rules and succeeded brilliantly. Who wore the wrong clothes so well that they became the right clothes. Or served strange-tasting food and won Michelin stars for it. How do they get away with it?
I promised you a recommendation post for IndieAthon so here I am. I've asked some of my blogger friends for their favourites and their recommendations so a big thank you to everyone who has send me their recommendations! Without any further ado, let's start the recommendations!


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Eatery & Saloon
Man arrested for getting violent
Thread starter Jazzy
"A man was arrested after allegedly becoming violent because he was dissatisfied with the cheese content of a toastie made by his long-suffering wife.
James DePaola, 55, flew into a fit of rage when his spouse Michele made him a toastie with three slices of cheese after he'd requested two slices, according to Athens-Clarke County Police.
The couple's 12-year-old daughter called the police from a mobile claiming her father had hit her mum and pulled the house phone off the wall. He later admitted destroying the phone.
It's also said DePaola was screaming at his wife so ferociously about the cheese toastie he was spitting in her face.
He has a history of violent behaviour and has previously been served with a restraining order.
Michele told police, in Clarke County, Georgia, that it had been a while since DePaola had been violent towards her, though he's frequently verbally abusive ad aggressive.
DePaola was charged with obstruction of a 911 call and criminal damage to a property while trespassing."
Reactions: APS
Kid B
A clue there in 'long-suffering wife' I think.
Totally no excuse for this behaviour, at best he could have just been cheesed off.
DrLeftover
"I'm different. Let this not upset you" Paracelsus
And she'll probably take him back after he cries and says he's sorry and that he's changed.
And then, in a couple of years, we'll be reading how he killed her over a bowl of popcorn.


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Heracleum kingdoni är en flockblommig växtart som beskrevs av H.Wolff. Heracleum kingdoni ingår i släktet lokor, och familjen flockblommiga växter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Nathan F. Alleman is an Assistant Professor in Educational Administration in the Higher Education and Student Affairs program at Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798.
Formal and informal partnerships between rural schools and their communities can provide a wide range of supports for all students, but particularly those from low-income families. In this analysis of six small rural school districts in Virginia we show how the broad participation of community groups and individuals supports academic achievement as well as preparation and aspirations for postsecondary education. Results demonstrate that school-community partnerships provide multiple points of contact for students that buttress the efforts of school personnel by extended educational opportunities outside the classroom and by meeting the needs of low-income students when parents and teachers are unable to do so.
Apostal, R., & Bilden, J. (1991). Educational and occupational aspirations of rural high school students. Journal of Career Development, 18(2), 153-160.
Attinasi, L. C. Jr. (1989). Getting in: Mexican Americans' perceptions of university attendance and implications for freshman year persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 60, 247-277.
Battistich, V., Solomon, D., Kim, D., Watson, M. & Schaps, E. (1995). Schools as communities, poverty levels of student populations, and students' attitudes, motives, and performance: A multilevel analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 627–658.
Bauch, P. A. (2001). School-community partnerships in rural schools: Leadership, renewal, and a sense of place. Peabody Journal of Education, 76(2), 2004-221.
Beaulieu, L., & Israel, G. D. (2005). It's more than just schools: How families and communities promote student achievement. In L. Beaulieu & R. Gibbs (Eds.), The role of education: Promoting the economic and social vitality of rural America (pp. 44-55). Mississippi State University, MS: Southern Rural Development Center.
Cabrera, A. F., & La Nasa, S. M. (2001). On the path to college: Three critical tasks facing America's disadvantaged. Research in Higher Education, 42(2), 119-149.
Carr P. J. & Kefalas, M. J. (2009). Hollowing out the middle: The rural brain drain and what it means for America. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Chance, E. W., Work, J., & Larchick, R. (1992). Creating an effective rural school district: A case study. Paper presented at the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration National Conference. Terre Haute, Indiana, August, 1992.
Chenoweth, E., & Galliher, R. V. (2004). Factors influencing college aspirations of rural West Virginia high school students. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 19(2), 1-14.
Combs, L., & Bailey, G. (1992). Exemplary school-community partnerships: Successful programs. Rural Educator, 13(3), 8-13.
Corbett, M. (2007). Learning to leave: The irony of schooling in a coastal community. Black Point, Nova Scotia: Fernwood.
Donaldson, G. A. (1986). Do you need to leave home to grow up? The rural adolescent's dilemma. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 3(3), 121-125.
Decker, L. E. & Decker, V. A. (2003). Home, school, and community partnerships. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Demi, M A., Coleman-Jensen, A., & Snyder, A. R. (2010). The rural context and post-secondary school enrollment: An ecological systems approach. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 25(7), 2-26.
Gibbs, R. M. & Cromartie, J. B. (1994). Rural youth outmigration: How big is the problem and for whom? Rural Development Perspectives, 10(1), 9-16.
Griffin, D., Hutchins, B. C., & Meece, J. L. (2010). Where do rural high school students go to find information about their futures? Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(2), 172-181.
Howley, C. (1996). Compounding disadvantage: Consolidation and the effects of school and district size on student achievement in West Virginia. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 12, 25-32.
Irvin, M. J., Farmer, T. W., Leung, M-C, Thompson, J. H., & Hutchins, B. C. (2010). School, community, and church activities: Relationship to academic achievement of low-income African American early adolescents in the rural deep south. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 25(4), 1-21.
Israel, G. D., Beaulieu, L. J., & Hartless, G. (2001). The influence of family and community social capital on educational achievement. Rural Sociology, 66(1), 43-68.
Isernhagen, J. C. (2010). TeamMates: Providing emotional and academic support in rural schools. Rural Educator, 32(1), 29-36.
Khattri, N., Riley, K.W., & Kane, M. B. (1997). Students at risk in poor, rural areas: A review of the research. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 13, 79–100.
Lee, V. E., & Burkam, D. T. (2003). Dropping out of high school: The role of school organization and structure. American Educational Research Journal, 40(2), 353-393.
Lerner, R.M. (1995). America's youth in crisis: Challenges and options for programs and policies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Libertoff, K. (1980). Natural helping networks in rural youth and family services. Journal of Rural Community Psychology, 1(1), 4-18.
Lyson, T. A. (2002). What does a school mean to a community? Assessing the social economic benefits of schools to rural villages in New York. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 17(3), 131-137.
McDonough, P. M., Gildersleeve, R. E., & Jarsky, K. M. (2010). The golden cage of rural college access: How higher education can respond to the rural Life. In K. A. Schafft & A.Y. Jackson (Eds.), Rural education for the twenty-first Century: Identity, place, and community in a globalizing world (pp. 191-209). University Park, PA: Penn State Press.
McGrath, D. J., Swisher, R. R., Elder Jr., G. H., & Conger, R. D. (2001). Breaking new ground: Diverse routes to college in rural America. Rural Sociology, 66(2), 244-267.
Petrin, R., Schafft, K., & Meece, J. (2012). Educational sorting and residential aspirations among rural high school students: What are the contributions of schools and educators to the rural brain drain? Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association annual meeting, April 2012, Vancouver, BC.
Regnerus, M. D., & Elder Jr., G. H. (2003). Staying on track in school: Religious influences in high- and low-risk settings. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(4), 633-649.
Roscigno, V. J., & Crowley, M. L. (2001). Rurality, institutional disadvantage, and achievement/attainment. Rural Sociology, 66(2), 268-292.
Sanders, M. G. (2006). Building school-community partnerships: Collaboration for student success. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Sherman. J. & Sage, R. (2011). Sending off all your good treasures: Rural schools, brain-drain, and community survival in the wake of economic collapse. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 26(11). Retrieved from http://jrre.psu.edu/articles/26-11.pdf.
Stanton-Salazar, R. D., & Spina, S. U. (2003). Informal mentors and role models in the lives of urban Mexican-origin adolscents. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34(3), 231-254.
Stockard, J., & M. Mayberry. (1992). Effective educational environments. Newbury Park, CA: Corwin.
Wright, K., Stegelin, D. A., & Hartle, L. (2007). Building family, school, and community partnerships (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.


text:
package com.devoxx.control;

import com.gluonhq.charm.glisten.control.ProgressIndicator;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.scene.control.ContentDisplay;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;

/**
 * A label with a ProgressIndicator as placeholder is shown
 * until the text property is updated to a non-null value.
 */
public class DataLabel extends Label {

    public DataLabel() {
        getStyleClass().add("data-label");
        setGraphic(new ProgressIndicator());
        setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.GRAPHIC_ONLY);
        textProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<String>() {
            @Override
            public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends String> o, String ov, String nv) {
                if (nv != null) {
                    DataLabel.this.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.LEFT);
                    DataLabel.this.setGraphic(null);
                    textProperty().removeListener(this);
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Mitgliedskirchen
Eine weltweite Gemeinschaft von Kirchen auf der Suche nach Einheit, gemeinsamem Zeugnis und Dienst
Sie sind hier: Startseite / Mitgliedskirchen / Naher Osten / Zypern
Ökumenische Organisationen und Räte
ÖRK-Mitgliedskirchen mit Hauptsitz in Zypern
Kirche von Zypern
ÖRK-Mitgliedskirchen vertreten in Zypern
Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland
Kirche von Norwegen
Kirche von Schweden
Bischöfliche Kirche in Jerusalem und dem Mittleren Osten
Armenische Apostolische Kirche (Kilikien)
Anm.: Die Liste der in den einzelnen Ländern vertretenen Kirchen wird noch bearbeitet.
Cyprus is an independent republic since 1960. The constitution divided the population into two ethnic communities, Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot. In 1963 tensions began to develop which resulted in a rebellion led by the Turkish Cypriot leaders. A United Nations peacekeeping force was established in 1964. In 1974, after a coup d'état staged by the ruling military junta of Greece, Turkey invaded the northern part of the island. As a result, 142,000 Greek Cypriots and 55,000 Turkish Cypriots were displaced, and another 20,000 Greek Cypriots enclaved in the area were gradually forced to leave. In 1983 the Turkish occupied area was unilaterally declared an independent "state", recognized by Turkey only. UN-led direct talks between the two sides resumed in 1999. In 2002 the UN presented a plan for a comprehensive settlement. After further negotiations it was submitted to the people of Cyprus in two simultaneous referenda in 2005. The Greek Cypriots rejected it, the Turkish Cypriots voted in favour. Cyprus was admitted as a member of the European Union in 2005, but without achieving the goal of unity. In the event of a solution, which is still hoped for by all Greek and Turkish Cypriots, there is a provision for the admission of the Turkish-occupied part of the island. The Church of Cyprus is the majority church. There is an Armenian Apostolic Church which is part of the Holy See of Cilicia. The Anglican community belongs to the Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East. Latin and Maronite Catholic churches, and several small Protestant and Pentecostal churches are also present in Cyprus.
ÖRK-Mitgliedskirchen und Kirchenräte: Profile ökumenischer Beziehungen
© 2019 Ökumenischer Rat der Kirchen


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Randy de Puniet (born 14 February 1981) is a road racer of motorcycles from France. He competed in Grands Prix racing between 1998 and 2014, where he achieved five wins in the 250cc class. He also competed in the Superbike World Championship during the 2015 season with little success. He currently competes in the MotoE World Cup, aboard an Energica Ego Corsa.

Career
Born in Maisons-Laffitte, Yvelines, de Puniet was French 125cc champion in 1998, moving up to the world championship a year later. In  he moved up to the 250cc World Championship. He earned two podium finishes in  to earn a factory Aprilia ride for . He took his first win in Catalunya, coming 4th overall with 3 wins. In  he was third with a single win, spending  with on an Aprilia run by former world champion, Jorge Martínez and his Aspar Team.

 was his first season in MotoGP, for the Kawasaki factory team, where he remained for . He took his first front-row start at the 2007 Catalan Grand Prix, and finished a career-best fifth. Up until Donington, he started all but one other race on the third row. He started fourth and finished second at Motegi in the wet.

LCR Honda announced on 24 August 2007 that de Puniet would ride for them in 2008 and 2009. He suffered a fractured ankle in a midseason testing crash in . He ultimately remained with LCR for 2010, despite being linked to the French Tech 3 squad. He had been in contention for a Tech 3 ride for 2011, but team boss Herve Poncharal denied this link.

He enjoyed a strong run of form midseason in 2010, including consecutive front row starts at Silverstone and Assen. He was running fifth in the championship before breaking his leg in a crash at the Sachsenring. He missed the race at Laguna Seca before returning at Brno, where he finished tenth.

In spite of the promise he showed on the Honda before his injury, De Puniet raced for Pramac Racing in .
After a disappointing year on the satellite Ducati De Puniet joined the Power Electronics Aspar team for , a 'Claiming Rules Team' running a modified Aprilia RSV4 known as the ART.

For 2014, De Puniet was not racing, instead concentrating on development and testing on the Suzuki 2015 MotoGP machine. He hoped to receive a wild card ride during 2014, and did so at the final race in Valencia, retiring from the race.

In 2021, De Puniet competed in the FIM Endurance World Championship with Moto Ain.

Career statistics

Grand Prix motorcycle racing

By season

By class

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Superbike World Championship

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Commitment
De Puniet is a member of the 'Champions for Peace' club, a group of more than 90 famous elite created by Peace and Sport, a Monaco-based international organization placed under the High Patronage of H.S.H Prince Albert II.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
People from Maisons-Laffitte
Kawasaki Motors Racing MotoGP riders
125cc World Championship riders
250cc World Championship riders
French motorcycle racers
Superbike World Championship riders
Suzuki MotoGP riders
Pramac Racing MotoGP riders
Aspar Racing Team MotoGP riders
LCR Team MotoGP riders
Sportspeople from Yvelines
MotoGP World Championship riders
MotoE World Cup riders


I couldn't have said it better myself, so if you're interested, go there (after reading here, of course).
Start local (local bookstores, schools, libraries, etc.).
Also, if you don't have a book published (yet), it's never too early to start beefing up on your mad marketing skills so there's no fainting or panic on your book release day.


Although the scoreline was surprising, the result shouldn't have been. Much to my surprise, all four Fox Sports studio team members picked Mexico to win despite the fact that Chile rank higher in the FIFA World rankings and have arguably been the best team in the tournament. Was this political correctness? Corporate pandering to a significant part of its market? Or did the studio commenters get carried away in the emotion of the moment?
One rationalization for the picks — Mexico were on a year-long winning streak. When will commentators and analysts realize the 'hot hand bias' or 'momentum' fallacy? Streaks — either winning or losing — make a good story but they are talking points, and talking points don't win matches. We overvalue those streaks but the fact is that if you're on a long streak the chances are good its going to end sooner rather than later. There's at least as much rationality in selecting a team to "lose" because they are on a winning streak which statistically is going to end. The concept of momentum has very little predictive value, generally.
Another rationalization for the Mexico picks was that they had the advantage of fantastic and overwhelming support. Again this is an advantage that is also over-rated. Fan advantage can indeed be a huge plus if you're playing well and are winning. However, if you're not playing well and losing, a massive fan turnout can quickly turn into an albatross around the collective neck. Even if fans stick with their team, the players themselves have to cope with the feeling that they are being humiliated and letting their massive fan base down when they get hammered. And frankly, for most of the second half Mexico players looked understandably forlorn and defeated.
Mexico will surely recover from this thrashing as they are a good team but this performance was as ugly as…..well, just plain ugly. Chile won hands down.
Howard Rankin is a freelance writer who writes about neuroscience, psychology, business and sports. He helped Barrett Murphy write Barefoot Bloodied and Bruised: The amazing story of Louisiana six-man football and is the co-author with Orwell Moore and Tammy Moore Harrison of Breaking the Press: The incredible story of the All-American Red Heads.


text:
Le.com and Jia Yueting Are Fined 481 Million Yuan ($73 Million) for Financial Fraud
Categories: Industry Lucia Si Posted on April 13, 2021 April 14, 2021
(Source: AFP)
On Monday, Chinese streaming video service Le.com reported that the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) had fined the company 240 million yuan ($37 million) for a financial fraud running from 2007 to 2016. Jia Yueting, the co-founder and head of Le.com, was also fined 241 million yuan ($36.8 million).
The investigation found that the documents related to the IPO application and the annual reports from 2010 to 2016 submitted by Le.com were suspected to be false. In addition, the company failed to disclose related transactions and the guarantee for companies such as Le.com Holding Ltd. as required by the law. The non-public offering of shares of Le.com in 2016 constituted a fraudulent issue.
Le.com, a once-popular website providing low-cost videos to customers, made its debut on China's NASDAQ-style board, ChiNext, in August 2010. However, due to a funding problem in 2016, the company reduced the staff, while Jia himself went to the US on the grounds that he planned to raise funds for Faraday Future, one of subsidy of Le.com specialized in the production of electric vehicles.
In July 2020, Jia announced on Weibo that his personal bankruptcy reorganization process had finally been completed in the United States and he no longer owned equities in Faraday Future. Le.com was delisted from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in May last year, with a total market value of 718 million yuan ($110 million).
SEE ALSO: Jia Yueting No Longer Owns Equity in FF, Apologizes For Downfall of Leshi
Although the details of Le.com's fraud have not been disclosed, its length has shocked observers. The reason why Le.com's bill has been set according to the old securities law is that the fraud happened before 2016, the year when the new securities law took effect.
Le.com was already controversial when it went public. At that time, the company lagged behind other domestic video websites in terms of run time, user scale and market share. But it was the first to be listed at the A-share Market while its peers were experiencing big losses.
With the soaring stock prices of A-share Internet firms after 2014, its highest market value reached more than 160 billion yuan ($24 billion), exceeding Huaxia Bank on the mainboard market. Therefore, its financial statement was widely questioned.
Faraday Future, the company Jia also devoted himself to, submitted S4 listing documents to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on April 5, stressing that its list is expected to be finished in May. The firm will deliver its first batch of vehicles in 2022 and more than 450,000 units by 2025, according to the listing document.
Chen Xuefeng, a former executive of Chery Jaguar LandRover Automotive Co., Ltd., serves as the CEO of Faraday Future China and is responsible for operations ranging from project implementation and production strategy to localized product development and user experience.
Tags: China Securities Regulatory Commission | fraud | Jia Yueting | Le.com | Streaming Platform | video streaming platform


text:
Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells
Enas M. Younes, Ashim Gurung, Behzad Bahrami, E. M. El-Maghraby, Quinn Qiao
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
Electron transport layer (ETL) plays a major role in determining performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [6, 6]-phenyl C61butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) has been the preferred choice as the ETL in inverted PSCs. However, it has some drawbacks including current leakage, low mobility, and difficulty in full coverage of the perovskite layer with rough surface, resulting in charge recombination losses, charge leakage pathways and inefficient charge transfer at the perovskite/ETL, thus contributing to lower device efficiency and stability. For the first time, we introduce a simple strategy of implementing double-layered (DL) PC61BM as ETL to address the aforementioned challenges. The use of DL PC61BM particularly resulted in reinforced morphology of the ETL with reduced pin-holes and surface roughness compared to the single-layer (SL) PC61BM. This yielded increased electrical conductivity of the PC61BM, suppressed charge recombination, and facilitated higher number of charge generation, transfer/collection at the perovskite/PC61BM interface. Consequently, the DL PC61BM-based PSC delivered a considerable increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 18.06%, which is much higher than the SL-based pristine PSC with 14.20%. Furthermore, the transition to DL from SL PC61BM exhibited longer ambient stability of the PSCs. This work can be easily adopted for other perovskite compositions.
Organic Electronics
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106391
Double-layered (DL) PCBM
Power conversion efficiency
Recombination
10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106391
Dive into the research topics of 'Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Perovskite solar cells Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Electron Transport Engineering & Materials Science 98%
esters Physics & Astronomy 70%
Esters Engineering & Materials Science 67%
phenyls Physics & Astronomy 67%
Acids Engineering & Materials Science 56%
acids Physics & Astronomy 55%
Methyl Ester Chemical Compounds 54%
Younes, E. M., Gurung, A., Bahrami, B., El-Maghraby, E. M., & Qiao, Q. (2022). Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells. Organic Electronics, 100, [106391]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106391
Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells. / Younes, Enas M.; Gurung, Ashim; Bahrami, Behzad et al.
In: Organic Electronics, Vol. 100, 106391, 01.2022.
Younes, EM, Gurung, A, Bahrami, B, El-Maghraby, EM & Qiao, Q 2022, 'Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells', Organic Electronics, vol. 100, 106391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106391
Younes EM, Gurung A, Bahrami B, El-Maghraby EM, Qiao Q. Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells. Organic Electronics. 2022 Jan;100:106391. doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106391
Younes, Enas M. ; Gurung, Ashim ; Bahrami, Behzad et al. / Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells. In: Organic Electronics. 2022 ; Vol. 100.
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title = "Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells",
abstract = "Electron transport layer (ETL) plays a major role in determining performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [6, 6]-phenyl C61butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) has been the preferred choice as the ETL in inverted PSCs. However, it has some drawbacks including current leakage, low mobility, and difficulty in full coverage of the perovskite layer with rough surface, resulting in charge recombination losses, charge leakage pathways and inefficient charge transfer at the perovskite/ETL, thus contributing to lower device efficiency and stability. For the first time, we introduce a simple strategy of implementing double-layered (DL) PC61BM as ETL to address the aforementioned challenges. The use of DL PC61BM particularly resulted in reinforced morphology of the ETL with reduced pin-holes and surface roughness compared to the single-layer (SL) PC61BM. This yielded increased electrical conductivity of the PC61BM, suppressed charge recombination, and facilitated higher number of charge generation, transfer/collection at the perovskite/PC61BM interface. Consequently, the DL PC61BM-based PSC delivered a considerable increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 18.06%, which is much higher than the SL-based pristine PSC with 14.20%. Furthermore, the transition to DL from SL PC61BM exhibited longer ambient stability of the PSCs. This work can be easily adopted for other perovskite compositions.",
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note = "Funding Information: This work has been supported by USAID/U.S. - Egypt Science and Technology Joint Fund (NAS Subaward 2000007144 ). The researcher [Enas M. Younes] is funded by a full scholarship [SAB 2241] from the Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt . This work is derived from the Subject Data supported in whole or part by NAS and USAID, and any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the paper are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or NAS. Funding Information: This work has been supported by USAID/U.S. - Egypt Science and Technology Joint Fund (NAS Subaward 2000007144). The researcher [Enas M. Younes] is funded by a full scholarship [SAB 2241] from the Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt. This work is derived from the Subject Data supported in whole or part by NAS and USAID, and any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the paper are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or NAS. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",
doi = "10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106391",
journal = "Organic Electronics",
T1 - Highly efficient electron transport based on double-layered PC61BM in inverted perovskite solar cells
AU - Younes, Enas M.
AU - Gurung, Ashim
AU - Bahrami, Behzad
AU - El-Maghraby, E. M.
AU - Qiao, Quinn
N1 - Funding Information: This work has been supported by USAID/U.S. - Egypt Science and Technology Joint Fund (NAS Subaward 2000007144 ). The researcher [Enas M. Younes] is funded by a full scholarship [SAB 2241] from the Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt . This work is derived from the Subject Data supported in whole or part by NAS and USAID, and any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the paper are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or NAS. Funding Information: This work has been supported by USAID/U.S. - Egypt Science and Technology Joint Fund (NAS Subaward 2000007144). The researcher [Enas M. Younes] is funded by a full scholarship [SAB 2241] from the Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt. This work is derived from the Subject Data supported in whole or part by NAS and USAID, and any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the paper are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or NAS. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
N2 - Electron transport layer (ETL) plays a major role in determining performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [6, 6]-phenyl C61butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) has been the preferred choice as the ETL in inverted PSCs. However, it has some drawbacks including current leakage, low mobility, and difficulty in full coverage of the perovskite layer with rough surface, resulting in charge recombination losses, charge leakage pathways and inefficient charge transfer at the perovskite/ETL, thus contributing to lower device efficiency and stability. For the first time, we introduce a simple strategy of implementing double-layered (DL) PC61BM as ETL to address the aforementioned challenges. The use of DL PC61BM particularly resulted in reinforced morphology of the ETL with reduced pin-holes and surface roughness compared to the single-layer (SL) PC61BM. This yielded increased electrical conductivity of the PC61BM, suppressed charge recombination, and facilitated higher number of charge generation, transfer/collection at the perovskite/PC61BM interface. Consequently, the DL PC61BM-based PSC delivered a considerable increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 18.06%, which is much higher than the SL-based pristine PSC with 14.20%. Furthermore, the transition to DL from SL PC61BM exhibited longer ambient stability of the PSCs. This work can be easily adopted for other perovskite compositions.
AB - Electron transport layer (ETL) plays a major role in determining performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [6, 6]-phenyl C61butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) has been the preferred choice as the ETL in inverted PSCs. However, it has some drawbacks including current leakage, low mobility, and difficulty in full coverage of the perovskite layer with rough surface, resulting in charge recombination losses, charge leakage pathways and inefficient charge transfer at the perovskite/ETL, thus contributing to lower device efficiency and stability. For the first time, we introduce a simple strategy of implementing double-layered (DL) PC61BM as ETL to address the aforementioned challenges. The use of DL PC61BM particularly resulted in reinforced morphology of the ETL with reduced pin-holes and surface roughness compared to the single-layer (SL) PC61BM. This yielded increased electrical conductivity of the PC61BM, suppressed charge recombination, and facilitated higher number of charge generation, transfer/collection at the perovskite/PC61BM interface. Consequently, the DL PC61BM-based PSC delivered a considerable increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 18.06%, which is much higher than the SL-based pristine PSC with 14.20%. Furthermore, the transition to DL from SL PC61BM exhibited longer ambient stability of the PSCs. This work can be easily adopted for other perovskite compositions.
KW - Double-layered (DL) PCBM
KW - Perovskite solar cell
KW - Power conversion efficiency
KW - Recombination
KW - Stability
U2 - 10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106391
DO - 10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106391
JO - Organic Electronics
JF - Organic Electronics


What a fantastic way to ring in the New Year!! I had such a great time celebrating with Bari and Justin. These guys know how to party!!
You can check out their entire slideshow here.
I was able to work with some of my favorite vendors on this wedding and also meet some new ones! I highly recommend everyone of them. It was a great team to work with.
AMAZING!! Fantastic work, as usual Janae! I wish I could have put you in my pocket and taken you to Hawaii to shoot our wedding!


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I have helped immigrants enter and remain in the U.S. for over 15 years. We have always set attorney fees as a flat fee and offered payment plans. I know the value of family, businesses, and friends when we get those approval notices. And Federal Immigration Law is a very complex field of the law.
We utilize Value Based Fees more commonly known as a "flat fee" or "fixed fee" – because of many advantages to our clients and ourselves. What I appreciate is the fairness: If you have an easy case, your case will cost less than if you have a complex matter. And you don't pay the entire fee up front so you have some security. This website has sample attorney service agreements for each practice area that we have delivered to immigrants and their families based on fixed fees.
We also do something most immigration attorneys will never do: Discuss fees during the 10 Minute Free Telephone Consultation! We can usually quote you a fee range over the phone so you can determine if legal representation is something you can afford.
We pride ourselves in our Integrity Refund – if we break a promise to you, we will pay you $100. We also pride ourselves with our Performance Guarantee – if you are not satisfied because of errors, omissions or poor customer service, we will refund all of your fee to you provided you have not breached our agreement and you provide us a request in writing.
Why do we use Value Based Fees?
PREDICTABILITY: Our clients appreciate knowing how much the legal fees will be in their matter. It provides clients who wonder "what is immigration law" and "what does an immigration lawyer actually do" to trust that their case will not become a huge unexpected financial burden. Our contracts spell out the scope of our services in great detail so our agreements with our clients become clear. Of course there are times when unexpected events arise, and we will discuss extra legal services and create a new contract if necessary.
COMPARE WITH OTHER ATTORNEYS: Our contracts provide an easy way to compare our services with other attorneys and shop for the best immigration lawyer available to perform your work. This is impossible to do based on a lawyer who charges an hourly rate.
IMPROVES CLIENT RELATIONS: IVA understands the client's perspective on lawyers and hourly legal rates: The longer it takes, the more money the lawyer makes! So there is a disincentive to prepare cases quickly with hourly fee agreements. Also, clients are more reluctant to call attorneys when the "clock is running" and the result is that the attorneys may miss out on important information. IVA strongly believes that our great results in immigration court, USCIS interviews and U.S. Embassy appointments is because we spend a lot of time listening to our clients, and our clients tell us everything!! This extra information results in a better case for you…..and for us as well!
EASIER FOR THE ATTORNEYS: The Value Based Fee allows us to not have to watch the clock for every minute we spend on a case (although we do keep track of our time!) and allows us the freedom to do whatever it takes to prepare the best case possible. We focus on winning the case for the client and preserving our good reputation before USCIS, Immigration Judges, ICE agents, and Embassies.
CINA is the DBA for Community of Immigration & Naturalization Attorneys, PC a professional corporation registered in the State of Colorado.
TESTIMONIAL: Immigration is and can be a gamble, as to whether you gain long term entry (either through a visa or citizenship) into this country. Attorneys cost money, but it is worth the cost. For that payment, your chances of gaining residency/citizenship inside the U.S. greatly increases. With an attorney they take your responsibilities, concerns, worries, and fears off of you and fight these battles for you. You don't have to worry about making a mistake on a form/paperwork and jeopardizing your request for a visa/residency/citizenship. Your immigration and freedom is not something to take lightly. Attorneys go to school and educate themselves in this through extensive studying. They are professionals, This is their job. their life and because of this it ensures victory for you when you let them take the lead. But unfortunately, all attorneys are not equal.
Mark C. Daly should be the very first attorney that you talk to over the phone, email/chat with over the internet or see in person. The first attorney to communicate with. Mark is a very down to earth person. There is no ego. He is positive, friendly, warm, welcoming, makes you feel at ease – makes you happy -fun to be around during what is supposed to feel like a stressful situation. Mark is very likeable, confident, accessible, optimistic, friendly. He is very smart, educated and knows / mastered his area of law.
Schedule Your 10 Minute Free Telephone Consultation/$250 Needs Assessment/$549 Document and Form Review Appointment.
Call or email now for a free 10 minute legal consultation. We also provide needs assessments via telephone or skype and have rush services. Mark C. Daly, President of IVA, a licensed immigration attorney with over 20 years of experience in U.S. Federal Immigration Law.


Gold Medal Products' #2488SR Pop About Popper addresses two common challenges in the rental market: ease of transport and inadequate power. This special version of the Super 88 has acrylic front and side panels in place of heavier glass. The side panels also have convenient handholds that provide a natural place to lift and carry the popper. The doors are 50 percent thicker and cannot lift off accidentally. Gold Medal also includes cord-wrap brackets for the power cord. The 2488SR has exclusive Energy Management Control that ensures the popper gets a steady 120v regardless of the receptacle voltage.
The SICO Pacer is designed to take the work out of setup, tear-down and trips to storage. These tables fold and roll quickly and easily into storage and back into action the minute you need them. Because SICO Pacer tables store on their own built-in wheels, their tops are not subjected to the constant punishment that conventional folding tables endure. The exceptionally attractive high-pressure laminate top and Armor-Edge also give facilities the option of eliminating linen or skirting. With faster turns and linens as an option, not a requirement, labor is reduced and savings increased.
For as little as $5,000 and a half a basketball court, you can have a Freshpark skatepark just like those used in the top pro skate tours. This durable line of weatherproof, foldable ramps is easy to assemble, move and store. With layouts scaled for any budget, they're perfect for recreation departments, community organizations, schools and summer camps.
BCI Burke's Circuit Play® builds muscles while challenging minds and transforms the concept of play. Circuit Play is an innovative play system that promotes physical strength, stamina, balance and agility while expanding self-esteem and creativity. Design layouts use play components placed in a circuit to encourage children to challenge themselves and their friends. No decks are required of this playground-meets-obstacle-course because all events are at ground level. Circuit Play encourages multiple paths of play and the creation of stimulating games to captivate children ages 5 to 12. Variations of design and layout are extensive.
The Aqua Series Fractional Aerator is complete with two interchangeable spray patterns and is designed with the small pond owner's needs in mind. Ready to install right out of the box, Aqua Series provides both aesthetic appeal and aeration, taking care of your water quality management needs.
Newstripe's all new Dirt Doctor JrTM infield groomer has been designed specifically to be pulled by four-wheel-drive utility vehicles or compact tractors. It shares the same great features and rugged durability of the original Dirt Doctor but weighs in at just under 600 pounds. Dirt Doctor Jr replaces three separate implements in one convenient unit. It can plow, pulverize, drag, compact and finish-drag a 4-foot-wide path in one pass. The three-position reversible harrow teeth, four-position pulverizer bar and wheels are quickly and easily adjusted without tools. The optional 6-foot finish drag with reversible lead bar can be detached and used as a separate pull-behind drag for between-inning touch-ups.
Cretors and Company's Echols line of high-speed ice shavers are ideal for the amusement and entertainment industries and an attractive and highly efficient primary element in the making of snow cones. Cretors' high-speed ice shavers, which fit securely on display cases or a counter stand, feature heavy-duty cast-aluminum construction for years of reliable use. The machines can shave up to 500 pounds of ice per hour, and for operator convenience, the shaver can use ice in sizes ranging from small cubes to 4.5-inch chunks. The Echols line is available with either gas or battery power.
The perfect screen solution to upgrade your club to digital-broadcast-ready personal screen entertainment. The AXS15HD displays a super-sharp high-definition picture with rich color and dynamic contrast. The built-in digital ASTC/QAM tuner receives and decodes off-air and unscrambled digital signals directly, so that you may be able to view high-definition programming without an additional set-up box. The AXS15HD screens can be positioned in front of cardio exercise equipment or used with manufacturer-attached mounts. With the AXSTV screen controller, all your members need to do is plug in their headphones and select their preferred program.


Emmanuelle Riva, Jean- Louis Trintignant, Isabelle Huppert.
A powerful film, one of the best, if not the best of 2012. It won the Golden Palm at Cannes, 2012, and a BAFTA, Golden Globe and Oscar for best foreign language film.
In the letter to the Corinthians, St Paul describes love as patient and kind, not jealous, conceited or proud, not selfish, irritable or ill-mannered, it does not keep a record of wrongs, love never gives up. This is the kind of love/amour that we see in this film. And it is most admirable, a love that has lasted for decades, has changed from initial Romance to mature companionship and parenting, to the demands of old age, illness and impending death.
Writer-director, Michael Haneke, an Austrian film-maker whose films are often made in France and in French, as is this film. He has won several awards from Ecumenical Juries at film festivals, Code Inconnu, Cache, The White Ribbon. The latter won the SIGNIS (World Catholic Association for Communication) prize for a European film in 2009. Amour won for 2012.
The acting is extraordinary – and that sounds like an understatement. Jean-Louis? Trintignant, a veteran French star, best known around the world for A Man and a Woman, was 81 when he made this film. Emmanuelle Riva, who is known for Hiroshima, Mon Amour (1959) was 84. The performances are so naturalistic, realistic, that we feel we are watching real people in actual situations rather than watching acting.
Basically, this is a story of age, of illness and caregiving. We see the gradual stages of decline, stroke and its consequences. We see the helplessness of the wife, her attempts to communicate, the pain and sadness of her suffering. We see the constant and meticulous attention of her husband, day after day, his weariness but his persevering until it becomes too unbearable for her and for him.
Apart from attendance at a concert at the opening of the film, the action is confined to the apartment of the couple. There are some visitors, especially their daughter, played by Isabelle Huppert, who lives abroad and does not seem to understand age or what is really happening to her parents and how that has to play out day by day.
The wife was a piano teacher which leads to several musical interludes which allow some moments for the audience to sit back before they respond again to the plight of the couple.
Perhaps the action may seem remote for younger audiences, but for most, it will be a moving experience, some appreciating better what caregiving constantly requires, others knowing that this future is possible for all of us.
1.	The impact of the film? For older audiences, midlife audiences, younger? Depending on lived experience? Caring for older people? A film for understanding, appreciation?
2.	The acclaim and the awards?
3.	The work of the director, Austrian perspective, working in France? The cast, age, experience, sensitivity?
4.	The confined situation, audiences sharing the experience of Georges, of Anne? The performances being so real?
5.	The introduction? Anne's death, laid out, the police breaking into the apartment, its being sealed? The importance of this for the whole film, the audience knowing the ultimate fact? Watching what led up to this?
6.	The couple, the years together, the developing love, taking each other for granted? At the concert? The long shot, the audience watching the concert audience, finding Georges and Anne? Their enjoying the concert? The aftermath? The meeting and discussion, congratulations to her student?
it? The range of musical interludes throughout the film, the pianist and his performance?
8.	Anne as the focus of the story? The performance by Emmanuelle Riva, an ordinary but special woman, at the concert, her socializing, the details of life at home, comfortable, the meals, shopping, talk, sharing?
9.	The stroke at the table, her losing awareness? Georges and his talking? Her silence? The water, the tap, his concern, her not believing him? Continuing the conversation, her puzzle? The book of photographs, her gaze, the audience seeing their life together?
10.	Georges and Jean- Louis Trintignant, alert, doing the shopping, helping with the house, the caring for Anne?
11.	Eva, her life, marriage, the visit, her attitude? Unfaithful husband, putting up with him, her son and his absence, the music? Her concern? Sitting and talking with her father? The later visit, her husband and their discussions about care for her mother while failing to understand or see what Georges was doing and the effect on him? The next visit, Georges locking the door, pretending to be in the toilet, his apology, Eva going in to see her mother, her grief? Being upset for herself, not for him? The final sequence, her coming into the empty house, the ordinariness of the scene that the audience was left with?
12.	Anne's deterioration, hospital, her paralysis, the detail of care that she needed, washing, falling out of bed, food, drink? Her moods, tantrums, irritable, Georges hitting her?
13.	Georges, meticulous in taking care, the time spent with his wife? His own feelings, physical limitations, mental exhaustion? His emotions?
15.	Anne, weaker and, Georges tending to her, the sudden impulse, smothering her?
16.	His sealing at the apartment, his own fate?


Mairead O'Reilly and Alistair Williams look at the Fundraising Regulator's achievements, and how charities can meet the requirements of its Fundraising Preference Service.
Lawrence Simanowitz and Michael Charalambous explain the impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on reporting data protection breaches, and Mairead O'Reilly summarises the important practical steps to take.
Mindy Jhittay discusses the issue of cyber-fraud and explains how we quickly closed down a rogue webiste featuring some of our lawyers' details.
Leticia Jennings and Ayden Peach look at the reputational implications of a charity getting involved in litigation.
Rachael Chapman and Tesse Akpeki summarise the key requirements of the Charity Governance Code; and Tesse explores options for the governance reviews it recommends.
Sung-Hyui Park explains the different approaches company directors should take for B Corp status.
In our regular client focus, we look at the work of YMCA London South West; and our housing specialist, Neil Lambert, looks at its recent successful refinancing.
Louise Rea explores the recent trends in the protection provided to whistleblowing employees, while Chetal Patel and Shadia El Dardiry discuss the increased responsibilities from the 'hostile environment' for immigration.
Oliver Scutt looks at the importance of having an investment policy, and our tax expert, Bill Lewis, outlines his wishlist for VAT changes post-Brexit.
In our roundups, Alice Faure Walker looks at the new transparency rules to tackle money laundering; Rachel Norman and Alice Faure Walker provide a disclosure for charitable companies; and Emma Knuckey reports on what's new at the Charity Commission.


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Alumni Spotlight: Susannah Black, Jesus' hands and feet in Zambia
2015 alumni Susannah Black is studying nursing at Creighton University and is involved in medical mission work.
BY Chris Loesel
What have you been up to since you graduated from Lutheran High in 2015?
I started nursing school at Creighton University. I've been in the Chamber Choir for 4 out of my 6 semesters. I am also part of the Leadership Team of the Navigators - an on-campus, Christian organization that does bible studies and outreach to the Creighton community.
I am a member of Alpha Phi, a national fraternity, where I hold the position of Interfaith Directory. Basically, this means organizing bible studies and groups to go to various campus activities pertaining to faith, religion, and social justice issues.
I am a member of the Creighton chapter of Partners in Health - an organization that provides health options and care to poorer communities worldwide. Our chapter helps raise money for those efforts.
Currently, I'm in my third year of nursing school, which includes a lot of clinical experience. It's challenging but rewarding work.
Mostly, what I've been up to since I graduated is growing in faith, knowledge, maturity (hopefully), and relationships with my friends and family.
When did you know you wanted to be a nurse and what led you to pursue that path?
The fact that I started in nursing school is actually a happy accident. I made my college and career decisions in an incredibly clueless way that I would never recommend to any high schooler.
I chose Creighton because I didn't hate it (I love it now) and I chose nursing because I knew what it was and didn't hate the thought of becoming a nurse (I also love it now).
Although my decision at the time was not based on actual deliberation, God was - and is - sovereign. He knew what He was doing: putting me in a position where I get to grow and fine-tune skills and show a love for His children.
So, the more appropriate question, I think, is, "What continues to be my motivation for wanting to become a nurse?" My experience in Zambia played a large part of my shift from studying nursing because I didn't hate it to studying nursing because of a true fire and passion for the tough work involved.
Tell us about your mission work in Africa. What have been the biggest challenges and rewards? How did the experience differ from your expectations?
This past summer, I accompanied my academic advisor/mentor/friend, Cindy, to a rural clinic on the campus of an evangelical university in Zambia, where we were a part of a team of nurses, students, and eye surgeons performing cataract surgeries.
Local pastors came and translated for us, built relationships with us and the patients, and witnessed to them about why we were there and who Jesus is. While there, we performed about 60 surgeries and 108 people came to know Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior.
The locals were also able to build relationships with the pastors so they could be invested and grow in their new faith. They learned about resources and churches in their communities to further this growth. It was truly a humbling and heart-altering experience, and I can't wait to go back this summer.
I had the honor of caring for these loving, community-oriented people while they were in a very vulnerable place, in pain, and unable to see. There is such beauty in a raw relationship based on the necessity of mutual trust and the love of Christ.
I also had the joy of being the face many of these people saw for the first time with new sight. Their joy, gratitude, and victorious stories as they rebuilt their lives and began to provide for their families have become part of me. These moments, these little sunshine stories and snippets of glory divine where I get to play a role in bringing the love of Christ to the world is why I have the desire to be a nurse.
The biggest challenge was leaving Zambia and coming back to the US. I had the opportunity to work alongside some of the students at the University while at the clinic, chat with them at meals, and sing with them at bonfires and worship nights. It's crazy how quickly and easily you get to know people that way. It's not something I was expecting. I can say with confidence that some of my best friends are still back in Zambia.
Coming back to the hospitals and patients in America, took a huge gulp of courage because I had to readjust to the differences in cultures.
What did you value most about your time as a student at Lutheran High?
The thing that continues to stand out to me and play out in my life even three years out of high school is the people who chose to take time and emotional energy out of their lives to invest in me as a crazy, needy, sometimes (okay, often) immature high schooler.
It's unbelievable the amount of support that I have received from my teachers and coaches at Lutheran, both then and even now! And this is uncommon in the best way possible. I valued it then, I think, but it is even more evident to me now as I continue to grow in the things they were teaching me.
I was so well-prepared academically for college, but even more than that, I was spiritually prepared.
The special thing about Lutheran is the amount of care the faculty and staff give to the students. They noticed qualities in me that I didn't even realize I had, and they made sure I knew how special and loved I am, and how much my unique skill set matters in the kingdom. They were patient with me. They made me feel valued.
Often times, the seeds they've sown don't bear fruit until a few years down the road, but the work the teachers at Lutheran do for their students - the love and care they show them, the ways they purposefully invest - are so so essential and so so appreciated.
My mom has always told me that sometimes we learn the kind of people we want to be from positive interactions with others, and sometimes we learn the kind of people we don't want to be from negative examples. My experience at Lutheran was of only positive, Christian role models. If I possess qualities of any of the teachers and coaches I got to know in my four years, I will count myself incredibly blessed.
With the gift of hindsight, how has your faith impacted your pursuit/experience of nursing and how has nursing impacted your faith?
Paul calls and convicts us in Romans 12 to offer up ourselves as living sacrifices to the Lord, as vessels with which he can display his character, glory, and love to the world, and that this very act is worship. That's what I get to do as a nurse. I get to step into the hospital or clinic or even just the classroom and worship my Jesus.
As a Jesuit institution, we are often asked to reflect on the Jesuit values in our clinical experiences. I was raised Lutheran, not Catholic, but these assignments and the Jesuit values really do cause me to reflect on the enormity of our God.
I get to see God at work every day. I get to pursue a love of him and a love of his people more. I get to come alongside people and aid them. I get to be a caregiver, not just somebody who looks at physical ailments and works to heal, but who gets to know people as they come to me and show them Jesus. I get to give that glory right back and magnify Him through which all of this is possible and worth it.
Are there any particular Lutheran High teachers, coaches or staff members that significantly impacted or influenced your life?
Too many to count! Is that an appropriate answer?
I had Mr. Stelling my sophomore year for Theology and he picked on me relentlessly. Despite the constant (light-hearted) taunting, Mr. Stelling always had a kind word at the ready. He made sure I never got nervous when I was singing during chapel, and that's a big deal.
Mr. Loesel recognized that I have some semblance of organizational skills and allowed me to help in planning Choir Tour one year. My sophomore year was the first year that Jubilate went on tour and we went to Nebraska. We had a couple hours of free time that we spent at the mall. Five or so of us found a Build-A-Bear, made Mr. Loesel a tiny bear in a tiny tuxedo and a tiny top hat to commemorate the occasion, and affectionately named it Jubi-Bear. Jubi-Bear was ever present at choir events for a few years.
Ms Oates has always been a huge encourager. She lifts people up effortlessly and naturally. She invested in me in many ways, both on the volleyball court and in the classroom. The most important way, though, was how she influenced my personal relationship with Jesus and how I interact with other people.
Mrs. Rogness is just the coolest human being I know. One word that comes to mind is steady. She's consistently her goofy self, she's constantly positive, she's steadfast and faithful. And she cares. Mrs. Rogness cared even when I didn't. And then she made me care, because she cares so much. She even got me to care about Anatomy and Physiology and got me thinking about nursing. She's a friend.
My dad, Mr. Black, taught me more than he realizes. He took a job at Lutheran my junior year, but he gave me space to grow and learn in recognition that it was my school first, which was more than I deserved. Also, I might be biased, but he's quite literally the best teacher on the planet. He cares so much for his students and has their best interest in mind. He is always learning, always growing, always thinking about what he could do next, always coming up with new and amazing ideas.
Mr. Zilm taught me to be brave in trying new things, even when you're really, really terrible at the new things (I played golf for like a hot minute).
Mrs. Davis is very talented, humble, and hard working. I have never met anyone who works as hard as she does and still has the energy to be a friend, a coach, and a mother on top of being a teacher. She has consistently been present for me and both of my sisters as she taught all of us, caring about what's going on in our lives. She's an example to me of what it means to love well and to keep God first in my life.
Mr. Ness manages to somehow be the best, most respected, and most loved principal that ever existed. I didn't think it was possible, but he's living proof. The example of leadership that he sets for the students and teachers at Lutheran High is admirable. Also, his quick wit and his ability to find a pun in everything is astonishing.
Mr. Zoeller showed me that music is always new and Jesus is always cool (ask him about his new hipster-folksy-acoustic liturgy).
Is there any advice you would like to offer to the current and future students of Lutheran High?
Find what you're good at, what you do well, and stick to it. Be brave, be humble, be willing to learn and grow and change, lean on people, help others when you can, and cling to Jesus with everything you got.
Tell us about your Faith Blog.
When we create memories, our brain records the general idea of what happened and how it made us feel, but the details sort of fade away because they are less important.
A few years ago, my little sister Carrie (class of 2017) said that we should start a blog. I don't remember why it came up or where we were, but those are the less important details, and I do remember it made me excited. There's a saying that you should "be an expert in what stirs your affections for Jesus." I want to be an expert in that and that's why I got excited about this blog.
So it's not mine, it's ours. What it has become over the years is thoughts based on life lessons and how we turn to Jesus in the midst of those things. We appreciate vulnerability in our utter humanity and magnifying God as the loving Savior that we so desperately need.
The blog is a form of witness and it helps us be real with each other, to talk through the nitty gritty of the realities of life, to build each other up, and lead each other back to the cross where we get to freely lay down our burdens, our doubts, and our shortcomings at the feet of the one who risked everything to keep us close to himself.
I was hanging out with Carrie at Concordia University earlier this year when she told me she wanted to take me somewhere, and we found ourselves at a little outdoor chapel in the very chilly early morning. There's a wooden cross standing in the middle of the field behind her dorm. She said, "I want to stand at the foot of the cross." So we did.
*all photos posted with permission
LuHi Alumni Spotlight: Alex Bowers starting Pediatrics Residency
Alumni Alex Bowers, 2008 Parker Grad, has been up to a lot since high school, including going to med school and gearing up for his residency in Tacoma, WA.
Alumni Spotlight: Alli Unger Continues Lutheran Teaching Legacy
Alli (Meineke) Unger follows in the footsteps of many great examples and role models before her in her career as a Lutheran School teacher and counselor.
Alumni Spotlight: Karen Riley (DLHS '80) Dean at DU
DLHS grad, class of 1980, Karen Riley shares her story of how she became the Dean of the Morgridge College of Education at Denver University.


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Q: How to debug function which is getting called throuh validate_and_run() in R? I want to debug functions in ShadowCAT package. https://github.com/Karel-Kroeze/ShadowCAT/tree/master/R
Take any internal functions from this package, they are getting called via validate_and_run() function. If I go though it I am directly presented an output and I am not able to run through each line of the code I am interested in. What I think validate_and_run() creating an environment to call the functions.
For e.g. I am trying to debug shadowcat function from the package using following code:
library(devtools)
install_github("Karel-Kroeze/ShadowCAT")
library(ShadowCAT)
debug(shadowcat)

alpha_beta <- simulate_testbank(model = "GPCM", number_items = 100,
                                number_dimensions = 3, number_itemsteps = 3)
model <- "GPCM"
start_items <- list(type = 'fixed', item_keys = c("item33", "item5", "item23"), n = 3)
stop_test <- list(min_n = 4, max_n = 30, target = c(.1, .1, .1))
estimator <- "maximum_aposteriori"
information_summary <- "posterior_determinant"
prior_form <- "normal"
prior_parameters <- list(mu = c(0, 0, 0), Sigma = diag(3))

# Initial call: get key of first item to adminster
call1 <- shadowcat(answers = NULL, estimate = c(0, 0, 0), variance = as.vector(diag(3) * 25),
                   model = model, alpha = alpha_beta$alpha, beta = alpha_beta$beta,
                   start_items = start_items, stop_test = stop_test,
                   estimator = estimator, information_summary = information_summary,
                   prior_form = prior_form, prior_parameters = prior_parameters)

In above shadowcat() function there ane many internal functions written but I do not see they are getting called anywhere in the shadowcat(). My speculation is that it is getting called in validate_and_run() function.
My question is how can I debug those internal functions inside the shadowcat() and see what each variable is storing and what are the inputs of the internal functions when they are getting called?
EDIT 1:
In any usual R function, when one debugs it, you can move your debugging cursor (yellow highlighted line) line by line by clicking on next in RStudio. Also, once you have gone over that line of code , you can see the value of the variable by printing the variable name on console. This I am not able to do in shadowcat() function. Internal function codes are written but they are never called in visible form. I need to see where they are getting called and need to debug through them
Any leads appreciated.
EDIT 2
Main body of the code:
function (answers, estimate, variance, model, alpha, beta, start_items,
    stop_test, estimator, information_summary, prior_form = NULL,
    prior_parameters = NULL, guessing = NULL, eta = NULL, constraints_and_characts = NULL,
    lower_bound = NULL, upper_bound = NULL, safe_eap = FALSE,
    eap_estimation_procedure = "riemannsum")
{
    result <- function() {
        switch_to_maximum_aposteriori <- estimator == "maximum_likelihood" &&
            !is.null(lower_bound) && !is.null(upper_bound)
        estimator <- get_estimator(switch_to_maximum_aposteriori = switch_to_maximum_aposteriori)
        prior_form <- get_prior_form(switch_to_maximum_aposteriori = switch_to_maximum_aposteriori)
        prior_parameters <- get_prior_parameters(switch_to_maximum_aposteriori = switch_to_maximum_aposteriori)
        beta <- get_beta()
        guessing <- get_guessing()
        number_items <- nrow(alpha)
        number_dimensions <- ncol(alpha)
        number_itemsteps_per_item <- number_non_missing_cells_per_row(beta)
        lp_constraints_and_characts <- get_lp_constraints_and_characts(number_items = number_items)
        item_keys <- rownames(alpha)
        item_keys_administered <- names(answers)
        item_keys_available <- get_item_keys_available(item_keys_administered = item_keys_administered,
            item_keys = item_keys)
        attr(estimate, "variance") <- matrix(variance, ncol = number_dimensions)
        estimate <- update_person_estimate(estimate = estimate,
            answers_vector = unlist(answers), item_indices_administered = match(item_keys_administered,
                item_keys), number_dimensions = number_dimensions,
            alpha = alpha, beta = beta, guessing = guessing,
            number_itemsteps_per_item = number_itemsteps_per_item,
            estimator = estimator, prior_form = prior_form, prior_parameters = prior_parameters)
        continue_test <- !terminate_test(number_answers = length(answers),
            estimate = estimate, min_n = stop_test$min_n, max_n = stop_test$max_n,
            variance_target = stop_test$target, cutoffs = stop_test$cutoffs)
        if (continue_test) {
            index_new_item <- get_next_item(start_items = start_items,
                information_summary = information_summary, lp_constraints = lp_constraints_and_characts$lp_constraints,
                lp_characters = lp_constraints_and_characts$lp_chars,
                estimate = estimate, model = model, answers = unlist(answers),
                prior_form = prior_form, prior_parameters = prior_parameters,
                available = match(item_keys_available, item_keys),
                administered = match(item_keys_administered,
                  item_keys), number_items = number_items, number_dimensions = number_dimensions,
                estimator = estimator, alpha = alpha, beta = beta,
                guessing = guessing, number_itemsteps_per_item = number_itemsteps_per_item,
                stop_test = stop_test, eap_estimation_procedure = eap_estimation_procedure)
            key_new_item <- item_keys[index_new_item]
        }
        else {
            key_new_item <- NULL
        }
        list(key_new_item = as.scalar2(key_new_item), continue_test = as.scalar2(continue_test),
            estimate = as.vector(estimate), variance = as.vector(attr(estimate,
                "variance")), answers = answers)
    }
    update_person_estimate <- function(estimate, answers_vector,
        item_indices_administered, number_dimensions, alpha,
        beta, guessing, number_itemsteps_per_item, estimator,
        prior_form, prior_parameters) {
        if (length(answers) > start_items$n)
            estimate_latent_trait(estimate = estimate, answers = answers_vector,
                prior_form = prior_form, prior_parameters = prior_parameters,
                model = model, administered = item_indices_administered,
                number_dimensions = number_dimensions, estimator = estimator,
                alpha = alpha, beta = beta, guessing = guessing,
                number_itemsteps_per_item = number_itemsteps_per_item,
                safe_eap = safe_eap, eap_estimation_procedure = eap_estimation_procedure)
        else estimate
    }
    get_item_keys_available <- function(item_keys_administered,
        item_keys) {
        if (is.null(item_keys_administered))
            item_keys
        else item_keys[-which(item_keys %in% item_keys_administered)]
    }
    get_beta <- function() {
        if (model == "GPCM" && is.null(beta) && !is.null(eta))
            row_cumsum(eta)
        else beta
    }
    get_guessing <- function() {
        if (is.null(guessing))
            matrix(0, nrow = nrow(as.matrix(alpha)), ncol = 1,
                dimnames = list(rownames(alpha), NULL))
        else guessing
    }
    get_estimator <- function(switch_to_maximum_aposteriori) {
        if (switch_to_maximum_aposteriori)
            "maximum_aposteriori"
        else estimator
    }
    get_prior_form <- function(switch_to_maximum_aposteriori) {
        if (switch_to_maximum_aposteriori)
            "uniform"
        else prior_form
    }
    get_prior_parameters <- function(switch_to_maximum_aposteriori) {
        if (switch_to_maximum_aposteriori)
            list(lower_bound = lower_bound, upper_bound = upper_bound)
        else prior_parameters
    }
    get_lp_constraints_and_characts <- function(number_items) {
        if (is.null(constraints_and_characts))
            NULL
        else constraints_lp_format(max_n = stop_test$max_n, number_items = number_items,
            characteristics = constraints_and_characts$characteristics,
            constraints = constraints_and_characts$constraints)
    }
    validate <- function() {
        if (is.null(estimate))
            return(add_error("estimate", "is missing"))
        if (is.null(variance))
            return(add_error("variance", "is missing"))
        if (!is.vector(variance))
            return(add_error("variance", "should be entered as vector"))
        if (sqrt(length(variance)) != round(sqrt(length(variance))))
            return(add_error("variance", "should be a covariance matrix turned into a vector"))
        if (is.null(model))
            return(add_error("model", "is missing"))
        if (is.null(alpha))
            return(add_error("alpha", "is missing"))
        if (is.null(start_items))
            return(add_error("start_items", "is missing"))
        if (is.null(stop_test))
            return(add_error("stop_test", "is missing"))
        if (is.null(estimator))
            return(add_error("estimator", "is missing"))
        if (is.null(information_summary))
            return(add_error("information_summary", "is missing"))
        if (!is.matrix(alpha) || is.null(rownames(alpha)))
            return(add_error("alpha", "should be a matrix with item keys as row names"))
        if (!is.null(beta) && (!is.matrix(beta) || is.null(rownames(beta))))
            return(add_error("beta", "should be a matrix with item keys as row names"))
        if (!is.null(eta) && (!is.matrix(eta) || is.null(rownames(eta))))
            return(add_error("eta", "should be a matrix with item keys as row names"))
        if (!is.null(guessing) && (!is.matrix(guessing) || ncol(guessing) !=
            1 || is.null(rownames(guessing))))
            return(add_error("guessing", "should be a single column matrix with item keys as row names"))
        if (!is.null(start_items$type) && start_items$type ==
            "random_by_dimension" && length(start_items$n_by_dimension) %not_in%
            c(1, length(estimate)))
            return(add_error("start_items", "length of n_by_dimension should be a scalar or vector of the length of estimate"))
        if (!row_names_are_equal(rownames(alpha), list(alpha,
            beta, eta, guessing)))
            add_error("alpha_beta_eta_guessing", "should have equal row names, in same order")
        if (!is.null(beta) && !na_only_end_rows(beta))
            add_error("beta", "can only contain NA at the end of rows, no values allowed after an NA in a row")
        if (!is.null(eta) && !na_only_end_rows(eta))
            add_error("eta", "can only contain NA at the end of rows, no values allowed after an NA in a row")
        if (length(estimate) != ncol(alpha))
            add_error("estimate", "length should be equal to the number of columns of the alpha matrix")
        if (length(estimate)^2 != length(variance))
            add_error("variance", "should have a length equal to the length of estimate squared")
        if (is.null(answers) && !is.positive.definite(matrix(variance,
            ncol = sqrt(length(variance)))))
            add_error("variance", "matrix is not positive definite")
        if (model %not_in% c("3PLM", "GPCM", "SM", "GRM"))
            add_error("model", "of unknown type")
        if (model != "GPCM" && is.null(beta))
            add_error("beta", "is missing")
        if (model == "GPCM" && is.null(beta) && is.null(eta))
            add_error("beta_and_eta", "are both missing; define at least one of them")
        if (model == "GPCM" && !is.null(beta) && !is.null(eta) &&
            !all(row_cumsum(eta) == beta))
            add_error("beta_and_eta", "objects do not match")
        if (estimator != "maximum_likelihood" && is.null(prior_form))
            add_error("prior_form", "is missing")
        if (estimator != "maximum_likelihood" && is.null(prior_parameters))
            add_error("prior_parameters", "is missing")
        if (!is.null(prior_form) && prior_form %not_in% c("normal",
            "uniform"))
            add_error("prior_form", "of unknown type")
        if (!is.null(prior_form) && !is.null(prior_parameters) &&
            prior_form == "uniform" && (is.null(prior_parameters$lower_bound) ||
            is.null(prior_parameters$upper_bound)))
            add_error("prior_form_is_uniform", "so prior_parameters should contain lower_bound and upper_bound")
        if (!is.null(prior_form) && !is.null(prior_parameters) &&
            prior_form == "normal" && (is.null(prior_parameters$mu) ||
            is.null(prior_parameters$Sigma)))
            add_error("prior_form_is_normal", "so prior_parameters should contain mu and Sigma")
        if (!is.null(prior_parameters$mu) && length(prior_parameters$mu) !=
            length(estimate))
            add_error("prior_parameters_mu", "should have same length as estimate")
        if (!is.null(prior_parameters$Sigma) && (!is.matrix(prior_parameters$Sigma) ||
            !all(dim(prior_parameters$Sigma) == c(length(estimate),
                length(estimate))) || !is.positive.definite(prior_parameters$Sigma)))
            add_error("prior_parameters_sigma", "should be a square positive definite matrix, with dimensions equal to the length of estimate")
        if (!is.null(prior_parameters$lower_bound) && !is.null(prior_parameters$upper_bound) &&
            (length(prior_parameters$lower_bound) != length(estimate) ||
                length(prior_parameters$upper_bound) != length(estimate)))
            add_error("prior_parameters_bounds", "should contain lower and upper bound of the same length as estimate")
        if (is.null(stop_test$max_n))
            add_error("stop_test", "contains no max_n")
        if (!is.null(stop_test$max_n) && stop_test$max_n > nrow(alpha))
            add_error("stop_test_max_n", "is larger than the number of items in the item bank")
        if (!is.null(stop_test$max_n) && !is.null(stop_test$cutoffs) &&
            (!is.matrix(stop_test$cutoffs) || nrow(stop_test$cutoffs) <
                stop_test$max_n || ncol(stop_test$cutoffs) !=
                length(estimate) || any(is.na(stop_test$cutoffs))))
            add_error("stop_test_cutoffs", "should be a matrix without missing values, and number of rows equal to max_n and number of columns equal to the number of dimensions")
        if (start_items$n == 0 && information_summary == "posterior_expected_kullback_leibler")
            add_error("start_items", "requires n > 0 for posterior expected kullback leibler information summary")
        if (!is.null(start_items$type) && start_items$type ==
            "random_by_dimension" && length(start_items$n_by_dimension) ==
            length(estimate) && start_items$n != sum(start_items$n_by_dimension))
            add_error("start_items_n", "contains inconsistent information. Total length of start phase and sum of length per dimension do not match (n != sum(n_by_dimension)")
        if (!is.null(start_items$type) && start_items$type ==
            "random_by_dimension" && length(start_items$n_by_dimension) ==
            1 && start_items$n != sum(rep(start_items$n_by_dimension,
            length(estimate))))
            add_error("start_items_n", "contains inconsistent information. Total length of start phase and sum of length per dimension do not match")
        if (!is.null(stop_test$cutoffs) && !is.matrix(stop_test$cutoffs))
            add_error("stop_test", "contains cutoff values in non-matrix format")
        if (!all(names(answers) %in% rownames(alpha)))
            add_error("answers", "contains non-existing key")
        if (estimator %not_in% c("maximum_likelihood", "maximum_aposteriori",
            "expected_aposteriori"))
            add_error("estimator", "of unknown type")
        if (information_summary %not_in% c("determinant", "posterior_determinant",
            "trace", "posterior_trace", "posterior_expected_kullback_leibler"))
            add_error("information_summary", "of unknown type")
        if (estimator == "maximum_likelihood" && information_summary %in%
            c("posterior_determinant", "posterior_trace", "posterior_expected_kullback_leibler"))
            add_error("estimator_is_maximum_likelihood", "so using a posterior information summary makes no sense")
        if (estimator != "maximum_likelihood" && (!is.null(lower_bound) ||
            !is.null(upper_bound)))
            add_error("bounds", "can only be defined if estimator is maximum likelihood")
        if (!is.null(lower_bound) && length(lower_bound) %not_in%
            c(1, length(estimate)))
            add_error("lower_bound", "length of lower bound should be a scalar or vector of the length of estimate")
        if (!is.null(upper_bound) && length(upper_bound) %not_in%
            c(1, length(estimate)))
            add_error("upper_bound", "length of upper bound should be a scalar or vector of the length of estimate")
        if (!no_missing_information(constraints_and_characts$characteristics,
            constraints_and_characts$constraints))
            add_error("constraints_and_characts", "constraints and characteristics should either be defined both or not at all")
        if (!characteristics_correct_format(constraints_and_characts$characteristics,
            number_items = nrow(alpha)))
            add_error("characteristics", "should be a data frame with number of rows equal to the number of items in the item bank")
        if (!constraints_correct_structure(constraints_and_characts$constraints))
            add_error("constraints_structure", "should be a list of length three lists, with elements named 'name', 'op', 'target'")
        if (!constraints_correct_names(constraints_and_characts$constraints,
            constraints_and_characts$characteristics))
            add_error("constraints_name_elements", "should be defined as described in the details section of constraints_lp_format()")
        if (!constraints_correct_operators(constraints_and_characts$constraints))
            add_error("constraints_operator_elements", "should be defined as described in the details section of constraints_lp_format()")
        if (!constraints_correct_targets(constraints_and_characts$constraints))
            add_error("constraints_target_elements", "should be defined as described in the details section of constraints_lp_format()")
    }
    invalid_result <- function() {
        list(errors = errors())
    }
    validate_and_run()
}

EDIT 3
validate_and_run() function:
function ()
{
    .errors <- list()
    add_error <- function(key, value = TRUE) {
        .errors[key] <<- value
    }
    errors <- function() {
        .errors
    }
    validate_and_runner <- function() {
        if (exists("validate", parent.frame(), inherits = FALSE))
            do.call("validate", list(), envir = parent.frame())
        if (exists("test_inner_functions", envir = parent.frame(n = 2),
            inherits = FALSE))
            get("result", parent.frame())
        else if (length(errors()) == 0)
            do.call("result", list(), envir = parent.frame())
        else do.call("invalid_result", list(), envir = parent.frame())
    }
    for (n in ls(environment())) assign(n, get(n, environment()),
        parent.frame())
    do.call("validate_and_runner", list(), envir = parent.frame())
}

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