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Setting up OpenCV with Python 3

Things change. Half an year ago, I was happy with running OpenCV
    on Python 2. But not anymore. As hard as it is for me to admit, it
    is time to switch to Python 3. So here is my supposedly easy to
    follow tutorial on setting up OpenCV on Python 3.

Prerequisites

First of all, get the latest package listings from the repository.
    If you are on fedora, you can safely skip this. If you are on Debian,
    do the following.

		$ sudo apt-get update

Lets make sure Python 3 and its dev libs are installed. If on
    Debian, run

		$ sudo apt-get install python3 python3-dev

If you are on fedora,

		$ sudo dnf install python3 python3-devel

Now, let us install the python package manager, more commonly
	called pip. On Debian, you would want to do this,

		sudo apt-get install python3-pip

On fedora, you can do

		$ sudo dnf install python3-pip

Now we can proceed to install VirtualEnv.

Virtualenv is a container inside which you can set a Python
	environment complete with libraries which is independent from the
	rest of the system. Setting up Virtualenv is worth it, as it allows
	us to maintain multiple versions of libraries parallely without
	conflicts.

On fedora, do

		$ sudo dnf install python3-virtualenv

If you are on Debian, do

		$ sudo apt-get install python3-venv

Once installed, go to someplace where you want to keep the files
	for your project. Create a directory for the same and initialize a
	virtualenv inside the directory. It can be done as follows

		$ mkdir opencv

		$ cd opencv

		$ python3 -m venv .

To make a virtualenv work for us, we need to activate it.
	This is done by calling the activate script.

		$ source bin/activate

Once this is properly done, your prompt should change to
	something that resembles

		(opencv) $

That should do it. Let us install the libraries.

Installing the libraries

Now we address the elephant in the room. Let us setup OpenCV and
	some of the essential packages to make it work for us.

		$ pip install opencv-contrib-python # the OpenCV package

		$ pip install imutils               # convinience functions

		$ pip install matplotlib            # easily plot the resultant images

		$ pip install jupyter               # easy, powerful programming environment

		$ pip install numpy                 # for managing all those image arrays

Let's code!

If you want an easy to use programming environment for learning
	OpenCV, you just installed it. We are ofcourse, talking about Jupyter
	Notebook. To start, do

(opencv) $ jupyter notebook

As always, once you are done coding, you can quit by presssing
	"Ctrl + C", then deactivate Virtualenv by running "deactivate"
	command

		(opencv) $ deactivate


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The AICP Show is One-Click away with Source
by shots on 11th December 2019
The AICP Show, one of the industry's leading creative and executional benchmarks, has announced an ongoing partnership with Source which sees the One-Click entry system incorporated into the competition's entry process, making selecting and submitting work as easy as pressing a button.
AICP has announced a partnership with Source, sister company to shots, which will allow entrants to utilise the innovative Source One-Click entry system for entering The AICP Show: The Art & Technique of the Commercial. The Source One-Click system will also work when entering The AICP Next Awards and the AICP Post Awards as well.
The One-Click system allows members of Source to quickly and easily transfer work that already exists on the platform to the AICP entry portal, saving huge amounts of time and effort.
Source members wishing to enter any of the AICP Awards competitions will eliminate the file-uploading and credit-filling elements associated with all such events by authenticating with Source credentials on the AICP entry portal. That will reveal your library of work and allow you to choose the relevant piece(s) of work and all associated credits that you wish to upload for entry to the AICP Awards with one simple click.
We're always looking for ways to make the experience of entering our Awards competitions more efficient and user-friendly. Partnering with Source on the One-Click initiative is a big step in that direction.
If you're not already a member of Source and would like access to explore over 500,000 spots, people and companies in the world's most comprehensive advertising database, then score a free trial by emailing sourcecreative@extremereach.com quoting #OneClickAICP.
Above: James Straker [left], MD of Source and shots, and Matt Miller, CEO of AICP.
"We're always looking for ways to make the experience of entering our Awards competitions more efficient and user-friendly," says AICP CEO Matt Miller. "Partnering with Source on the One-Click initiative is a big step in that direction, for companies that choose to use it.
"We appreciate the time and effort our partners put into linking their platform with our entry site, and are eager to see how it makes the entry process flow with greater ease. "
"Incorporating the One-Click system into AICP's submission process is a perfect marriage between the two platforms," added James Straker, Managing Director of Source and shots.
"The breadth of credit information and high-resolution footage found in Source makes the whole process so simple you won't want to go back."
The winning work at both The AICP Show and the AICP Next Awards will be presented at gala celebrations scheduled for AICP Week in New York in June of 2020, while the winners of the AICP Post Awards will be presented in May of 2020, also in New York.
For more information on entry details and dates, please visit their website at aicp.com or their entry portal at aicpawards.awardcore.com.
Iris names Harriet Shurville as agency's first Chief People Officer
In a newly created role for the agency, will sit on the London Board.
Varsity joins Stept Studios
The comedy partnership formed by Ben McManus and John Marsico began when they were a mere seven years old.
Michael Lenic joins Moxie Pictures as executive producer
Lenic joins Moxie with a wealth of experience in the production and agency worlds.
Waves Director Trey Edwards Shults signs to Academy
The acclaimed director of 2020 release Waves joins Academy for representation in the UK and Europe.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CROZIER-Beverly J., 84. Visitation 5 p.m., wake service 6 p.m., both April 21 at the funeral home. Funeral Mass 10:30 a.m., April 22 at St. Pius X Church. Entombment Calvary Cemetery. Preceded in death by brother, Robert Lacy. Survived by husband, John "Scot" Crozier; children and spouses, Steve and Jennifer Crozier, Mark Crozier, Michael and Patti Crozier, Anne and Tony Sechser, and Colleen and Mitch Johnson; 12 grandchildren; brother, John "Jack" Lacy; nieces; nephews; friends. Memorials to Duchesne Academy of the Sacred Heart, Mount Michael Benedictine School or Sacred Heart CUES.
Read more about CROZIER-Beverly J.
COCHRANE-Robert E. "Bob," 76. Visitation 4 p.m., wake service 6:30 p.m., both April 21 at the funeral home. Funeral Mass 10 a.m., April 22 at Ss. Peter and Paul Church. Interment Hillcrest Cemetery. Survived by wife, Beverly S.; sons and daughter-in-law, Robert L., and George and Michaela; daughter and son-in-law, Colleen and Kevin Gour; four grandchildren; great-grandson.
Read more about COCHRANE-Robert E. "Bob,"
CARNAZZO-Lyssa A. (Milone), 53. Funeral Mass April 21 at St. Bernadette Church., Bellevue. Private entombment Calvary Mausoleum. Survived by husband, Thomas J. Carnazzo; daughters, Melyssa Doerr and Anna Carnazzo; parents, Jesse S. and Jeraldine M. Milone; brothers and sisters-in-law, Mark and Stephanie Milone, and Joe and Kelly Milone; sisters and brothers-in-law, Deedee and Dan Miller, and Sandi and Bill Bader. Memorials to St. Bernadette School.
DREIER-Richard Paul, 90. Visitation 6 p.m., vigil service 7 p.m., both April 22 at the funeral home. Funeral Mass 10:30 a.m., April 23 at St. Leo the Great Church. Interment St. Mary Magdalene Cemetery. Preceded in death by parents, Eddie and Jeanette Dreier; brothers, Eddie Jr., John, Robert, George, Louis and David Dreier; sisters, Eleanor Jelinek and Mary Ann Dreier.
METZ-Gwanetha Hamilton, 101. Visitation 3 p.m., wake service 7 p.m., both April 21 at the funeral home. Funeral Mass 10 a.m., April 22 at St. Margaret Mary Church. Interment Calvary Cemetery. Preceded in death by husband, Roman A. Metz; sister, Mary Flynn; brothers, Father Philip A. Hamilton, James R. Hamilton and Joseph V. Hamilton. Survived by children and spouses, Gwanetha and Jerry Neff, Greeley, Colo., Mary Rae and Armand Gibbons, Katherine Trenolone, Dr. Philip and Dianne Metz, Wilmington, N.C., Anthony and Diane Metz, Stephanie O'Keefe, Dr.
MORTON-Richard E., 82. Visitation 5 p.m., vigil service 7 p.m., both April 21 at the funeral home. Funeral Mass 10:30 a.m., April 22 at St. Gerald Church. Interment Hillcrest Memorial Park. Survived by wife, Carmen M. Morton; daughter and son-in-law, Toni and Jerry Wakin; son, Richard Lucero; four grandchildren; four great-grandchildren.
Read more about MORTON-Richard E.
PANKERS-Ronald Lee, 72. Visitation 5 p.m., vigil service 7 p.m., both April 22 at the funeral home. Funeral Mass 10:30 a.m., April 23 at St. John Vianney Church. Preceded in death by wife, Jane; daughters, Becky and Shelly. Survived by wife, Patricia J. Pankers; children and spouses, Laura Pankers, Sara and John McColligan, David Pankers, Michael Aparo, Victoria and Daniel Morrissey; three brothers; sister; nine grandchildren; great-grandchild; nieces; nephews. Memorials to the family.
SKARDA-Rita A., 82. No service held. Burial St. John Cemetery, Bellevue. Preceded in death by husband, Clarence. Survived by daughters, Denise and Deborah Skarda; son, Bradley Skarda; brother, Wesley "Bud" Mori; granddaughter; nieces; nephews.
Read more about SKARDA-Rita A.
VON DORN-Shirley A., 48. Visitation 5 p.m., vigil service 7 p.m., both April 21 at the funeral home. Funeral Mass 10 a.m., April 22 at St. Columbkille Church, Papillion. Interment St. John Cemetery, Bellevue. Preceded in death by father, Thomas. Survived by mother, Shirley; brother and sister-in-law, Thomas and Christine; sister, Jean Marie; nieces; aunts; uncles; cousins; friends. Memorials to Masses.
Read more about VON DORN-Shirley A.
Third-graders at St. Bernard School in Omaha gather around an icon replica of Poland's Black Madonna April 11 as part of a global-pro-life tour of the icon. Students at the school received prayer cards and touched the icon with their cards.


What time MORADABAD DELHI PASSENGER depart from DELHI Railway Station?
MORADABAD DELHI PASSENGER (54056) departs from DELHI Railway Station at 10:00.
How much time MORADABAD DELHI PASSENGER take to reach MORADABAD Railway Station?
MORADABAD DELHI PASSENGER reach on day 1 to MORADABAD Railway Station. The arrival time of MORADABAD DELHI PASSENGER at MORADABAD Railway Station is 15:20.
MORADABAD DELHI PASSENGER covers 161 km to reach MORADABAD Railway Station at average speed of 31 km/hr. MORADABAD DELHI PASSENGER passes through 26 stations.


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ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
Essai Tax. Hyménomyc. (Lons-le-Saunier) 119 (1900)

#### Original name
Clavaria palmata Pers., 1797

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


KE101, a nonprofit corporation, is a fun program for children in elementary grade levels K through 12th that focuses on Science Technology Engineering Arts Math (STEAM) education. It provides children with sequential workshops during after-school programs, enrichment classes and summer camps that build upon each other and can be used with real-world applications in architecture, engineering, and project management of the built environment.
Give your child a glimpse of many career options with Club KE101. They are provided through camps, home-school and after-school programs in Santa Barbara, Santa Ynez, Los Olivos, and The Bay Area in California. Academics are taught by Irene Rinta, with a BS in Architecture, studies in Project Management, and with over 20 years of professional experience in the industry.
Our camp academics are taught by professionals and experts in the architecture and engineering industry and often attended by guest architects, engineers, interior designers, builders and business owners that care very much about children's education and have raised accomplished children themselves. Through collaboration, we carefully pick subjects and activities to best convey the concept and yet make it interesting and fun, making it the best camp your child will ever attend.
Hi Irene, Your presentation was just great! Thank you so much for sharing your expertise and passion. The students were captivated and you stimulated new interest and curiosity. Thank you for your kindness and generosity in sharing your time and talent.


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(From left to right) MrMiSocki comic-inspired socks, S'ip by S'well stainless steel water bottles, "Game of Thrones" greeting cards, "Batman: The Animated Series" Blu-ray disc set, and "Game of Thrones" dragon egg candles photographed in the Dallas Morning News Studio on Monday, Nov. 26, 2018.
Shaban Athuman/Staff Photographer
Dawn M. Burkes, Britton Peele and Chris Vognar
Here's the pop-culture gift guide you need to make hearts warm this holiday
Nov. 29, 2018 2:28pm
With Dawn M. Burkes
The holiday season calls for gifts to loved ones. And is there a better way to show your love than by giving them something they love? (We'll wait.)
Here are some especially thoughtful gifts for those who love pop culture.
Is there a gamer in your life who deserves a gift? Well, the Kano Harry Potter Coding Kit, Nintendo Poke Ball Plus, Wonder Forge Disney Villainous strategy board game, and a PlayStation console could top the list.
Wonder Forge Disney Villainous strategy board game
A PlayStation game console
Kano Harry Potter Coding Kit
A Nintendo Poke Ball Plus
For the young magician who wants to code ... Kano Harry Potter Coding Kit: Swish and flick, then assign the proper number values so that the sparks you create glow the right shade of red. Coding is a valuable skill for children to learn, and gamifying the education through the magic of a Harry Potter wand is surprisingly effective. Using an approachable program available on computers and tablets, kids (and adults) can program a physical wand to make magic happen on their screen. $99.99 — B.P.
Video games to buy kids, teens and adults this holiday season
For the nostalgic '90s video game fan ... PlayStation Classic: Taking a cue from Nintendo's holiday hits over the last couple of years, Sony is looking to cash in on nostalgia with the PlayStation Classic. Featuring 20 games from the '90s, this miniature console has the power to keep you occupied for dozens of hours. While the list of titles isn't the cream of the crop (in fact, it's missing some huge hits you might have played growing up), it's got several powerhouses including Metal Gear Solid, Final Fantasy VII and Resident Evil: Director's Cut. $99.99. — B.P.
For the Disney bad guy at heart... Villainous: Why should good guys have all the fun? This new card game lets you take control of a classic Disney animated villain (such as Maleficent, Captain Hook and Jafar) in a competition to see which of the two to six players can be the baddest baddie of them all. Each villain has a different goal and can take advantage of different strategies, leaving you with a lot of different ways to get a leg up on your frenemies. $39.99 — B.P.
For the one who has to catch 'em all ... Pokemon Let's Go! with Poke Ball Plus: It's been a minute since Pokemon Go hit mobile phones and took over the world, but pocket monster popularity has been going steady since the series debuted in the mid-'90s. Pokemon Let's Go! on the Nintendo Switch hits you from both angles: Not only is it a remake of the original Pokemon adventure (back when the flavors were Red, Blue and Yellow), it also uses the capture mechanics of the immensely popular Go. The optional Poke Ball accessory takes things a step further by letting you feel as if you're actually throwing a ball to capture Pokemon, and it doubles as an accessory for Go. It comes in two versions: Pikachu and Eevee. $99.99 (or $59.99 for just the game). — B.P.
Looking for love? Here it is: (From bottom to the top) "The Kinks Are The Village Green Preservation Society" vinyl set, "Ingmar Bergman's Cinema The Criterion Collection," "Contact High: A Visual History of Hip-Hop," "Houston Rap Tapes," "The History of Gangster Rap" and "Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers" Blu-ray disc set.
Books "Contact High: A Visual History of Hip-Hop," "Houston Rap Tapes," and "The History of Gangster Rap"
"Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers" Blu-ray disc set
"The Kinks Are The Village Green Preservation Society" vinyl set
"Ingmar Bergman's Cinema, The Criterion Collection"
For the cinephile with an existentialist streak ... Ingmar Bergman's Cinema: The Criterion Collection has long been a worthy home for Bergman films on DVD and Blu-ray. This time, they've outdone themselves with a 30-disc Blu-ray set that includes several restorations (including a 4K restoration of his most iconic film, The Seventh Seal). The set comes with copious extras and a gorgeous book full of essays, including a few by Bergman biographer Peter Cowie, who also consulted on the project. It's all enough to keep a Bergman fan inside for a cold, dark winter of the soul. $299.95 list price; $239.96 from criterion.com. — C.V.
For the ironical British Invasion nostalgist ... The Kinks are the Village Green Preservation Society (50th-anniversary deluxe box set): Amid brutal turbulence in the band and in the outside world, the Kinks released this fond, folky but still serrated songwriting gem. Not particularly appreciated when it came out, it has grown in stature significantly in the ensuing half-century. This is a Rolls-Royce of a reissue, including stereo and mono LPs, a 2018 stereo remaster, five CDs of previously unreleased tracks and alternate versions, a hardback book and a bunch of nifty original album artwork and memorabilia. All that and a happy ending: Thanks to the reissue, the album just went gold for the first time. $156.98 list price. — C.V.
For the history-hungry hip-hop head ... Contact High; Houston Rap Tapes; The History of Gangster Rap: These are boom times for books about hip-hop, an art form that has matured to the point of claiming its own history. These are three to keep your head nodding. Vikki Tobak's Contact High ($40, Clarkson Potter) is a unique visual chronicle, featuring contact sheets from some of the most notable photo shoots in hip-hop history. Lance Scott Walker's Houston Rap Tapes ($29.95, University of Texas Press) provides an oral history of the H-Town scene, including interviews with luminaries including Scarface and Paul Wall. And Soren Baker's The History of Gangster Rap ($24.99, Abrams Image) traces the arc of hip-hop's best-selling subgenre, from its Philadelphia roots with Schooly D to the current reign of Kendrick Lamar. — C.V.
For anyone who wonders when women started making movies ... Pioneers: First Women Filmmakers: Continuing its excavation and restoration of classic silent cinema, Kino Classics has teamed up with the Library of Congress to present this Blu-ray collection of more than 50 features, shorts and classics made by women who worked alongside the likes of D.W. Griffith and Cecil B. DeMille. You'll find the earliest surviving film from Alice Guy-Blache, the stop-motion wizardry of Lois Webber and a collection of ethnographic films by author Zora Neale Hurston. As the set's executive producer Illeana Douglas writes in the foreword to the accompanying booklet, "This collection reminds us that we have too often been reading film history books written by men, curating the films of men." List price $99.95; $74.96 at kinolorber.com. — C.V.
MrMiSocki comic-inspired socks
"Batman: The Complete Animated Series" Blu-ray disc set
S'ip by S'well stainless steel water bottles featuring the houses of Harry Potter and the Justice League's Big Three
A "Game of Thrones" greeting card
"Game of Thrones" dragon egg candles
For fans of stories from the fringe and haters of cold feet ... MrMiSocki: Everyone needs socks. If you have to wear them, they might as well entertain you. Enter MrMisocki Volume 2.2. It's a sock subscription service with a backstory that comes in the form of a limited edition comic book with each set you get. A sock goes missing and ends up down a rabbit hole doing laundry suds with the sock mafia while trying to stay raveled. Oh, and the socks themselves are seamless. When you buy a pair, the company gifts a pair to someone who needs them. $15 and up, per pair; subscribe for $15 every three months. mrmisocki.com. — D.M.B.
For those who want to get this birthday party started right ... Batman: The Animated Series: Comics titan DC is stepping into Batman's 80th year in a big way with a "deluxe limited edition" of the seminal early '90s animated television series, remastered for the first time. They're so extra: The set also comes with three mini-figures, Batman, Harley Quinn and Joker, and movies Mask of the Phantasm (fantastic) and Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero. Fans can find a lot to disagree about in the Bat universe — yes, DC really held a fan phone poll that killed off Jason Todd's Robin — but most hold this particular treatment of the titular hero as the best ever, animated or live-action. Kevin Conroy as Batman. Forever. SRP: $112.99. — D.M.B.
For those who don't want to see a good thing end ... everything Game of Thrones: The HBO drama doesn't have to end when they say it does. It can, and will, live on in all sorts of paraphernalia, including socks, wines, tarot cards and candles. But if you want to have a dragon's egg of your very own, Insight Luminaries comes to the rescue with candles in the shape of Daenerys' unhatched babies at $24.99 for a set of three. And then PopCraft has amazing, handmade pop-up greeting cards that are almost too beautiful for these words and definitely won't be stuck in a dusty old drawer ($10-$18). Oh, and the beauty that is Monopoly: Game of Thrones, complete with a card that plays the theme song, will have you buying one for posterity and one for playing while you watch the prequel starring Naomi Watts. — D.M.B.
For those who want to stay stylishly hydrated while showing their true colors ... S'ip by S'well collection: Even superheroes and magicians need to drink water (I'm looking at you, Aquaman). Sadly, the King of the Seven Seas is not represented, but popular water bottle maker S'well has new partnerships with the Justice League and Harry Potter (who always looks thirsty, I guess, because he's always running). Collectors' items? Or thirst quenchers? You decide. $19.99. sipbyswell.com and other retailers. — D.M.B.
#Reality TV
#Pop of Color
#Pop Culture
#Celebrities


Improv can very simply be defined as the process of creating art without any prior preparation or planning. While it can apply to a wide variety of topics, usually the term is used to refer to comedic shows whereby performers step up on stage and present material that has not been thought of before but is instead being made in the moment. Usually, performers may start by asking for a suggestion from the audience to both inspire themselves and convince the audience that the show has not been pre-planned.
While there are many forms of improv that exist, the two general categories that can be referred to are Short-form improv and Long-form improv. Long form improv consists of story-based improvisation focused on characters and plot and the comedy usually comes from getting the audience invested in the story and characters being presented. Short-form improv is usually quicker and focuses on structured games or devices around which the scene is to take place.
The most common misconception that exists is that one needs to be funny or witty to be good at improv. This is not only untrue but can actually be detrimental to a show if the improviser tries to focus on making jokes. Anybody is capable of learning the skills needed to do improv such as communication, awareness, and the ability to make connections. As any improviser will tell you, these skills are just as beneficial off stage as they are on it.


We would like to thank you for your interest in registering as a prospective supplier of Abu Dhabi Co-operative Society.
Please note that upon successful completion of the application process, you will receive an email notification on the registered email address. All the approved applications registered through the web portal are updated on the vendor database which is used for sourcing products and services.
NOTE: Documents must be uploaded in original only.
NOTE: The contact person mentioned above is considered as the primary contact for all correspondence relating to the application.
Please enter the company profile including, but not limited to the following points.
All fields are mandatory and must be completed for a successful submission of the form.
All information provided by the applicant is deemed to be accurate and true as stated.
Please note that the submission of the registration application does not confirm vendor registration. ADCOOPS reserves the right to reject any application with an email notification.


We use OMNI 1-minute resolution data sets from 1995 through 2017, covering about two consecutive solar cycles, to investigate the solar cycle dependence of various turbulence quantities and cosmic ray (CR) mean free paths. We employ quasi-linear theory (QLT) and nonlinear guiding center theory (NLGC) to evaluate the CR parallel and perpendicular diffusion. We find that in the ecliptic plane at 1 au (1) the fluctuating magnetic energy density z ±2, residual energy ED , and corresponding correlation functions all have an obvious solar cycle dependence. The residual energy ED is always negative, which indicates that the energy in magnetic fluctuations is larger than the energy in kinetic fluctuations, especially at solar maximum; (2) the correlation length λ for magnetic fluctuations does not show significant solar cycle variation; (3) the temporally varying shear source of turbulence, which is most important in the inner heliosphere, depends on the solar cycle; and (4) high level turbulence will increase CR perpendicular diffusion and decrease CR parallel diffusion, but this trend can be masked if the background interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) changes in concert with turbulence in response to solar activity. These results provide quantitative inputs for both turbulence transport models and CR diffusion coefficient models. © 2018 Web Portal IOP. All rights reserved.
GB/T 7714 Zhao, L.L.,Adhikari, L.,Zank, G.P.,et al. Analytical investigation of turbulence quantities and cosmic ray mean free paths from 1995-2017[C],2018:012029.


Home HEALTH Is Technology making us the emoticon of our keypad?
An era characterized by rapid expansion of liberalization, urbanization and globalization where technology plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Technology is supposed to make people more connected through social media, email, instant messaging, which have become important facts of our life.
However, Internet skeptics have argued that indirect online communication encourages isolation and prevents real friendship from building up. So is it true that technology is actually getting in the way of real socializing? Does technology makes us alone?
According to psychologist Jung,"Loneliness doesn't come from being unable to communicate that seem important to oneself, or from holding certain views which other find inadmissible." He predicted the state of human mind addicted to technology.
The alienation from face to face communication results with worsened social skills and unnatural behavior when "virtually socialized" people find themselves in real life situations. Technology and modernization have taken its pace and both are doing well at their own place. Again it is the humans who are getting into it and are on the verge of forgetting how to communicate with each other. The world today is so advance with so many social media, application where connecting is a blink of an eye, but then when it comes to a family trip, a get together connecting with one another in reality seems long gone. People are so busy adapting the development that they seem to forget themselves. In the days without technology and social media people used to manage to have contact with one another and they were connected by hearts. Now people are more concerned about what status and which selfie they will upload in social media rather than just enjoying the moment.Joint families living together in a small house were replaced by small families living in villas and they use cellphones to communicate one another within the same house. The life of the people has been trapped in those keypad emoticon like never before.
Music has become an important part of our life. Can we imagine life without music? Nowadays it is a common phenomenon where people use headphones to listen to music irrespective of the place and therefore having a conversation with the person sitting next to them has become quite different, in order to make everything right, we need to make a change starting today itself. A real good conversation with our beloved ones, our mother or father makes a huge difference in their lives as well as ours, they couldn't be more happier than that.Some relationships are precious, don't lose them on the way to reach the top of the world.
Today, we talk about success, money and power but we tend to forget to talk about the importance of human relationship.
Go get a cup of coffee with your favorite person and have a good conversation. Your existence is valued by someone, don't just let it go in vain.
Next articleEMOTIONS: BLOCKS OR LESSONS?


da Silva Dias, F.J.; Valente Marins, R., and Parente Maia, L., 2013. Impact of drainage basin changes on suspended matter and particulate copper and zinc discharges to the ocean from the Jaguaribe River in the semiarid NE Brazilian coast.
This study aims to understand the fluvial contribution to the estuary and thence to the ocean and the behavior of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate Cu and Zn during spring tide cycles and during the dry and rainy seasons in 2005, 2006, and 2008, at the Jaguaribe River Estuary, NE Brazil. The distribution of metals concentrations in SPM during dry and rainy seasons suggests a lithogenic origin of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu), as a result of erosion and leaching of soils in the drainage basin due to anthropogenic drivers, such as urbanization, shrimp farming, and agriculture. Anthropogenic drivers also affect Zn flows associated with SPM during the dry season. The highest discharges of SPM and particulate metals occurred during rainy periods due higher freshwater volumes observed in the estuarine channel. The results strongly suggest that the high variability of discharges typical of semiarid drainage basins can be underestimated with the use of secondary data, showing the necessity of obtaining data in situ.


Wiener Schnitzel: Not Just an American Hot Dog Stand.
To some, the term "Wiener Schnitzel" conjures images of the world's largest hot dog chain, renowned for its chili cheese fries. However, for those sailing the Danube, Wiener Schnitzel is a delicious introduction to Viennese cuisine.
Similar to a Milanese-style breaded cutlet, this national dish of Austria is made by pounding veal thin, then breading and frying until crisp. It is traditionally garnished with a slice of lemon and served with potato salad or parsley potatoes, and can be found on many a menu throughout Vienna and the surrounding region.
Outside of Austria, schnitzel is often made with chicken, beef or pork. However, the term "Wiener Schnitzel" is actually protected by law in Austria—any dish using this term must be made from veal or called by another name.
The history of the dish is the source of some contention. Italy claims to have invented Wiener Schnitzel for a banquet in 1134 while Austria attributes the term to a famous Austrian general in 1862 who spent much time near Milan. Regardless of where the dish originated, this novice-friendly recipe uses just a handful of ingredients and is a guaranteed crowd-pleaser!
Start your Viennese food journey here! Schnitzel is what to make if you want to experience a traditional Austrian dinner.
Season the veal cutlets with salt and pepper. Dip first in flour, then in egg wash, and finally in breadcrumbs. Press bread crumbs lightly on the meat. Deep fry in vegetable oil until golden brown. Place on paper towels to drain. Serve with potatoes and creamed green peas with carrots. Garnish with parsley, lemon and capers.


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Une cosmogonie est un récit mythologique qui décrit ou explique la formation du Monde. Le mot vient du grec cosmo- « monde » et gon- « engendrer ». En cela, la cosmogonie se distingue de la cosmologie, qui est l'étude scientifique relative à l'origine du monde et de l'univers et surtout aux lois qui les gouvernent.

La cosmogonie est également rattachée à la branche des sciences que constitue la physique, pour participer aux élaborations des théories concernant la formation de l'Univers.

Des récits oraux de cosmogonie fondent presque toutes les religions et sociétés traditionnelles, mais de nombreux traités sur les origines possibles de l'univers ont aussi été écrits par des philosophes ou des penseurs scientifiques, comme la cosmogonie d'Hésiode, et celle de Buffon.

Des milliers de légendes de création du monde et de récits cosmogoniques traditionnels relatifs aux origines du monde, des dieux ou des institutions, appartiennent à la catégorie des mythes fondateurs. Les figures idéales et les modèles intemporels y ont donc une place importante.

La variété des récits de création du monde, à travers leurs théories des origines, semble aussi exprimer le besoin immuable de décrire et peut-être justifier les transformations radicales du monde observable, de la Terre et de la société humaine. Mircea Eliade voit dans la cosmogonie  ; une sorte de modèle archétypal de la création, l'univers étant le « chef-d'œuvre » d'un ou plusieurs créateurs offert comme modèle aux hommes.

Constances dans les schémas de l'imaginaire chez les Occidentaux

La plupart de ces mythes recèlent des concepts, symboles et paradoxes communs.

Être ou néant
Les mythes offrent diverses versions de la création de l'univers actuel ; certains le décrivent comme né du néant, d'autres pensent qu'il a toujours existé et d'autres encore disent que ce serait un être intemporel qui aurait rêvé ou créé notre monde - sans témoins humains - en un instant, en six époques appelées « jours » selon la Bible, ou en une longue suite d'événements.

Chaos primordial
La naissance d'un monde (parfois harmonieux voire paradisiaque) est souvent la résultante de conflits entre forces antagonistes, l'ordre et le désordre, la lumière et les ténèbres, etc. Cependant, comme dans la Théogonie d'Hésiode, le chaos originel préexistant à l'Univers est parfois présenté non comme un néant ou un ensemble en conflit avec l'ordre, mais plutôt comme entité renfermant l'ensemble des éléments à venir, mais mélangés.

Luttes et sacrifice
Carl Gustav Jung note que les notions de sacrifice et de combat sont souvent associées à la création mythique des mondes et de l'univers. L'énergie primordiale se sacrifie pour former l'univers. De nombreuses cosmogonies décrivent des luttes (combats de dieux, d'ancêtres primordiaux, de héros, gigantomachies et autres combats extraordinaires). L'opposition de contraires dans les jumeaux, être à deux faces ou couples primordiaux sexués pourrait donc aussi représenter les contraires qui s'affrontent en l'homme. Ces modèles peuvent se retrouver décalés dans le temps, par exemple avec le Dieu des Chrétiens présenté comme fait homme, se sacrifiant lui-même, dans le cadre d'un nouveau testament.

Œuf cosmique
L'œuf cosmique est souvent représenté comme le germe contenant l'univers en puissance, par exemple pour l'orphisme. Il symbolise la rénovation périodique de la nature, la possibilité de renaissance du monde. L'éclosion de l'œuf donne naissance à l'Univers (Pan Gu en Chine, Partholon chez les Celtes, Puruska en Inde, Nommo au Mali).

Eau
Symbole de vie et de pureté, l'eau intervient comme élément primordial chez le présocratique Thalès et aussi comme élément rénovateur, par le biais du Déluge évoqué par plusieurs mythes fondateurs et cosmogonies. Il rappelle à l'homme sa faiblesse face aux puissances célestes et permet le renouvellement du monde grâce aux meilleurs des humains (le roi Manu, sauvé par Vishnou et transformé en poisson, Noé et son arche, Deucalion et Pyrrha sauvés par Prométhée).

Arbre
Dans de nombreux mythes, un arbre (arbre de vie) ou une plante divine, magique ou sacrée joue un rôle (qu'on retrouve peut-être avec l'arbre au fruit défendu, du jardin d'Éden dans la Bible). L'arc-en-ciel (passage ou pont entre ciel et terre, ou entre deux points de la grande forêt en Amazonie) leur est parfois associé.

Par exemple, un bambou géant primordial, ouvert par le bec de l'oiseau légendaire Sarimanok dans la cosmogonie du folklore philippin d'où descendent Malakas et Maganda, le premier homme et la première femme.

Dans la mythologie nordique, Yggdrasil est l'Arbre-Monde sur lequel reposent les neuf mondes.

La mythologie grecque décrit l'olivier comme un cadeau de la déesse Athéna, il était considéré comme l'arbre de vie.

Autres
Dans la majorité des cosmogonies traditionnelles, les créateurs sont un ou des dieux anthropomorphes qui engendrent l'Univers et l'Homme par la volonté d'un esprit, par la parole, le geste, le souffle, un membre, des sécrétions...

De nombreux animaux (poisson, serpent, oiseaux, lion..) jouent un rôle majeur dans les mythes des continents où ils sont présents.

Étapes classiques de création du monde

La majorité des mythes ont en commun de ne pas présupposer l'existence d'un Univers incréé, immuable et éternel ; ils suggèrent des étapes et des devenirs possibles du monde :
 apparition de l'Univers à partir du néant (ex nihilo), du chaos, de l'inconnu ou d'une entité hors de portée de notre compréhension ;
 naissance du temps, de l'espace, de la lumière et de la matière. À partir du chaos primordial inerte, les éléments, eau, terre, feu et air (en Occident ; dans d'autres cultures, les éléments fondamentaux sont organisés différemment) s'animent ;
 apparition de la vie à partir de la rencontre et du mélange de ces éléments ;
 apparition de l'homme ;
 possibilité de création d'un nouvel univers après un cataclysme mondial.

Certains mythes partent du principe que la naissance et la mort de l'Univers sont une création continue. L'univers apparaît, vit, disparaît puis laisse place à un nouvel univers et ceci à l'infini. Les mythes nordiques ont d'ailleurs une fin unique avec le Ragnarok. Chaque création d'univers correspondrait à une sorte de réincarnation de Dieu. Le corps physique de Dieu serait l'univers tout entier. À chacune de ses réincarnations, il s'améliorerait et pourrait donc créer à chaque fois un univers meilleur que le précédent.

Aux mythes cosmogoniques répondent les mythes eschatologiques, qui décrivent la fin du monde, pouvant précéder un autre monde.

L'univers apparaît, vit, disparaît mais laisse place au même univers avec les mêmes entités et ceci à l'infini. Ceci est logique si on accepte la création à partir des virtualités du vide (chaos) s'ordonnant entre elles (ordre).

Quelques mythes cosmogoniques

Cosmogonie de l'Égypte antique

La cosmogonie varie en fonction de la région, et les dieux tutélaires ont souvent les rôles les plus importants.

À Héliopolis ; Issu du Noun, l'océan primordial, émerge Rê qui est à la fois le soleil, Atoum l'être achevé ou encore khepri la renaissance. En se masturbant, il met au monde Shou le sec. De son crachat naît Tefnout, l'humide. De ce couple en naît un autre, Nout, le ciel et Geb, la terre que leur père sépare en levant les bras. Viennent ensuite Osiris et Isis, Seth et Nephtys. Le premier couple symbolise le renouveau végétal et avec eux vient la légende d'Osiris, alors que le second est stérile. Voir le mythe de la création héliopolitaine.

À Memphis. Au début des temps, Ptah le démiurge, issu du Noun, l'océan primordial, prit conscience de son existence. Puis il prit le limon de la terre, créant et modelant l'Homme. Aussitôt son œuvre créatrice terminée, il céda la place à son successeur Rê, le soleil. Rê, seigneur d'Héliopolis, parcourt chaque jour son domaine dispensant à l'humanité dons et bienfaits. Voir le Mythe de la création memphite.

En Haute-Égypte, Amon (père des dieux fondateurs du monde) féconda l'œuf cosmique d'où naquit toute vie.

Cosmogonie mésopotamienne

 au

Les mythes de la création, d'origine mésopotamienne, mettent en scène deux êtres primordiaux : l'un féminin, Tiamat, l'eau salée et l'autre masculin, Apsū, l'eau douce. De leur union naissent tous les dieux, dont les principaux sont Enlil, Adad, Enki (Ea), Ishtar, Mardouk, mais aussi des dieux dominants Annunaki qui exploitent les dieux Igigi en les faisant travailler durement afin de nourrir tous les dieux.

La voûte céleste, les étoiles, la terre, les enfers... furent formés du cadavre de Tiamat, au terme d'une guerre gagnée par Mardouk. Puis l'homme fut créé à son tour pour servir les dieux lorsque les Igigi se révoltèrent contre les Annunaki. L'homme fut façonné à partir d'argile trempée dans la chair et dans le sang d'un dieu sacrifié, donnant ainsi à la créature un peu de l'intelligence divine.

Cosmogonie gréco-romaine antique

Gaïa, Chronos et Ouranos
Selon la Théogonie d'Hésiode, au début était le Chaos, un tout incommensurable au sein duquel les éléments constituant le monde actuel étaient mélangés. Quatre entités s'en séparèrent : Gaïa (la Terre), Éros (le Désir amoureux vu comme force créatrice primordiale), Érèbe (les Ténèbres des Enfers) et Nyx (la Nuit). Gaïa engendra Ouranos (le Ciel), le premier principe fécondateur mâle (pour les Anciens, le Ciel fécondait la Terre par ses pluies, comparables à une semence), et de leurs étreintes naquirent les Titans, dont Cronos, les trois Cyclopes et les Hécatonchires (géants à cent bras et cinquante têtes).

Selon la tradition orphique, l'eau et des éléments formèrent spontanément la terre, d'où un Chronos monstrueux surgit, lequel créa l'Éther, l'Érèbe et le Chaos, puis engendra un œuf d'où naquit Éros, qui donna à son tour naissance à la Lune et au Soleil puis à la Nuit, avec qui il conçut Ouranos et Gaïa.

Cosmogonie hindou
Le temps est vu de manière cyclique ; il existe donc un cycle de créations et destructions. Lorsque Brahma se réveille et qu'il ouvre les yeux, l'univers et tout ce qu'il contient se crée, lorsqu'il s'endort, tout se détruit. Vishnou protège l'univers. Shiva le détruit et donc mène à sa renaissance. L'univers connaît donc une suite de naissances et de destructions.

On représente traditionnellement le cycle créateur impliquant les trois dieux de la Trimurti comme suit : tandis que Vishnou dort, allongé sur le serpent Ananta (infini), lui-même flottant sur l'océan d'inconscience, de son nombril sort un lotus dans lequel se tient Brahma. Tout en dormant, Vishnou rêve le monde tel qu'il l'a connu, et de ses souvenirs oniriques, Brahma donne naissance à un nouveau monde, nécessairement moins pur que le précédent (d'où la théorie des âges). C'est Shiva qui, par sa danse cosmique, anime l'Univers conçu par la pensée et, à la fin du cycle, le détruit.

Pour certaines sectes hindouistes, notre univers n'est que le rêve de Dieu, une illusion, la Mâyâ.

Cosmogonie abrahamique

Création de l'univers
Dans cette cosmogonie, la création de l'univers est décrite dans le livre de la Genèse et reprise par le Coran. On considère, en général, que ce récit est à la fois descriptif et symbolique. Le Créateur est intemporel, n'ayant ni début ni fin. D'après la vision biblique, lorsqu'Il créa le monde, l'univers était .

Le premier jour, Dieu créa la lumière par la parole ().

Le deuxième « jour », la première époque, Il sépara ciel et mer, formant ainsi le firmament (raqui'a en hébreu) et les planètes à partir de la lumière originelle.

Le  fertilisa la Terre créée le deuxième jour en formant les végétaux.

Le , Il fit apparaître dans le ciel de la Terre le Soleil et la Lune, jusqu'alors voilés, déjà formés au deuxième jour.

Le , Il peupla les mers d'une multitude grouillante, de reptiles géants (témimim gdolim en hébreu), de poissons, et le ciel par les oiseaux, créant le principe animal.

Le , Il forma les animaux terrestres, animés du même principe que celui des animaux aquatiques, ainsi que l'homme, être à son image doté d'une âme.

Enfin, le , Il décréta le principe du repos hebdomadaire de toute activité créatrice matérielle, bénissant et sanctifiant ce jour consacré au spirituel.

Dans la cosmogonie islamique, au commencement et avant la genèse, il n'existait rien en dehors d'Allah, c'est-à-dire le néant, même pas le vide, à l'instar de la Bible. Sa première création fut son Trône qui flotta ensuite sur l'eau primordiale. Le Coran affirme aussi qu'à leur création, les cieux et la terre formaient une masse compacte .

Le récit coranique indique aussi une création en six jours : , comme dans la Bible. La notion de jour est à nuancer. En effet, les théologiens musulmans interprètent la durée de la création de manière métaphorique renvoyant aux versets suivants : , en référence à un psaume du Roi David (n° 90,4) et .

Les six jours en question sont répartis en trois phases de deux jours :

Par ailleurs, le Coran affirme :

et

.

.

Création de l'homme selon la Bible
Comme nous l'avons vu, le sixième jour, Dieu créa l'humain. Cet être est conçu à l'image de son créateur () et prend vie lorsque Dieu lui insuffle une âme de vie. Le premier humain était formé d'un homme et d'une femme se faisant dos, puis qu'ils ont été séparés, symboliquement :  (TOB,GN I, 27) Il fut placé dans le Paradis, aussi appelé « Jardin d'Éden », lieu verdoyant où abondent faune et flore, pouvant ainsi vivre sans se soucier de ses besoins vitaux (). Cependant, Dieu donna l'ordre de ne jamais goûter aux fruits de . Dieu laissa à Adam le soin de nommer les éléments qui l'entouraient, c'est-à-dire la faune. Adam, l'humain, se sentit seul et Dieu sépara l'homme et la femme (Ève), créant le premier couple. Ève, ainsi nommée, fut malheureusement convaincue par un serpent (métaphore du mal) de goûter aux fruits interdits. Elle convainquit l'homme de goûter à ce fruit, ils y goûtèrent et commirent ainsi le péché originel (la première faute de l'humanité). Dieu, pour les éduquer, les enjoignat d'aller réparer leur erreur en les chassant du paradis, et pour cela, ils devront transiter et être éprouvés dans le monde ici-bas où ils devront faire des efforts salutaires pour survivre, avec la perspective d'une durée de vie limitée.

Création de l'homme selon le Coran
Dans le Coran la Sourate II, verset 164 affirme Certes dans la création des cieux et de la terre, dans l'alternance de la nuit et du jour, dans le navire qui vogue en mer chargé de choses profitables aux gens, dans l'eau qu'Allah fait descendre du ciel, par laquelle Il rend la vie à la terre une fois morte et y répand des bêtes de toute espèce, dans la variation des vents, et dans les nuages soumis entre le ciel et la terre, en tout cela il y a des signes, pour un peuple qui raisonne.

La Sourate 23, versets 12-13 évoque la création d'Adam en ces termes :
Nous avons certes créé l'homme d'un extrait d'argile,
puis Nous en fîmes une goutte de sperme dans un reposoir solide.
Ensuite, Nous avons fait du sperme une adhérence ; et de l'adhérence Nous avons créé un embryon; puis, de cet embryon Nous avons créé des os et Nous avons revêtu les os de chair. Ensuite, Nous l'avons transformé en une tout autre création. Gloire à Dieu le Meilleur des créateurs !

 Cosmogonie des Aborigènes d'Australie
La cosmogonie des Aborigènes d'Australie repose sur la notion de « Temps du rêve », en anglais « Dreamtime » ou « Dreaming », « Tjukurpa » dans les langues anangu, « Wapar » en yankunytjatjara. À cette époque mythique, les ancêtres surnaturels, comme le Serpent Arc-en-ciel ou les Hommes Éclairs, créèrent le monde par leurs déplacements et leurs actions. Tjukurpa fournit une explication du monde, définit le sens de la vie, ce qui est bien ou mal, ce qui est naturel ou ce qui est vrai. Ces définitions règlent tous les aspects de la vie des Anangu, peuples de l'Australie Centrale.

Tjukurpa interprète chaque site et chaque élément du paysage en termes symboliques, il mêle le passé (c'est-à-dire l'histoire de sa création) avec le présent et sa signification. Beaucoup de ces informations sont secrètes et ne doivent pas être révélées aux non-Aborigènes, les « Pyranipa ».

Uluru a été créé pendant la Tjukurpa. Ce monolithe de  de long et de  de haut proviendrait du jeu de deux enfants mythiques dans la boue un jour de pluie. Tout autour de ce rocher, de nombreux sites sont sacrés et porteurs de mémoire et de légendes.

Dans cette cosmogonie, la pensée a créé toute matière. La terre, les hommes, les animaux et les plantes ne sont que des parties d'un même tout. Donc les hommes ne peuvent pas posséder de terres ni d'animaux. Cette cosmogonie a provoqué de graves conflits entre les colonisateurs et les aborigènes qui ne comprenaient pas les notions de propriétés privées délimitées ou d'élevage.

 Cosmogonie nordique

La cosmogonie de la mythologie nordique nous est racontée en détail dans la Völuspá, ou Chant de la voyante, poème de l'Edda en vers. Il existe cependant de nombreuses variantes. Le Chant de la voyante en raconte une, que voici : au commencement n'existait qu'un abîme béant, le ginnunga gap ─ qui rappelle le Chaos primordial grec ou la terre déserte et vide biblique. Les éléments y erraient, libres, et une rencontre fortuite entre du feu et de la glace donna naissance au premier géant, Ymir, lequel géant engendra les autres géants. Une vache, Auðumla, l'avait délivré de sa gangue de glace en la léchant, et le nourrissait de ses flots de lait. Les fils de Bur ─ Óðinn et ses deux frères Hœnir et Lóðurr ─, géants qu'Auðumla avait aussi libérés de la glace, tuèrent Ymir et bâtirent l'Univers de sa dépouille : son corps devint un cercle de terre, Miðgarð (terre du milieu), qu'entourait son sang, devenu la mer, tandis que son crâne servit de voûte céleste. Ils établirent ensuite un ordre, fixant une place au Soleil et à la Lune, élevèrent des palais et s'établirent en Ásgarð (terre des dieux Ases ; il existe une autre race de dieux, les Vanes, souvent en guerre contre les Ases). Les neuf mondes avaient pris place autour de l'arbre Yggdrasil. Trois dieux, Óðinn, Hœnir et Lóðurr, trouvèrent sur le rivage un Frêne et un Orme « sans force ni destinée ». Óðinn leur donna le souffle vital, Hœnir les sens, Lóðurr leur donna le sang et les couleurs de la vie. Enfin vinrent Urðr, Verðandi et Skuld, les trois Nornes, équivalent des Parques latines et des Moires grecques, qui fixèrent le destin de chacun.

Le même texte rapporte aussi comment le monde sera détruit au cours du ragnarǫk.Voir aussi Mythologie finlandaise Cosmogonie dogon

Bâtie sur une longue tradition, la cosmogonie dogon correspond à l'explication de la création du monde selon les Dogons. Elle révèle des mondes stratifiés, « une pluralité des mondes, des univers stellaires à l'infini… » avec à chaque stade (terre) une catégorie d'hommes simples comme aux côtés d'autres imaginés (« hommes à cornes », « hommes à queue », « hommes ailés », « hommes rampants »). Une cosmogonie empreinte de connaissances des corps célestes dans un univers d'une immensité infinie, connaissances pour certaines confirmées par l'astronomie moderne.

 Cosmogonie bambara

Bâtie sur la tradition du Komo, la cosmogonie bambara attribue le pouvoir de la création à un être suprême, Maa Ngala qui a créé toutes choses au moyen de la parole (kuma), force fondamentale émanant de lui-même.

 Cosmogonie peule

 Cosmogonie ésotérique
Exemples de cosmogonies ésotériques : Gnosticisme, Kabbale, Soufisme, Théosophie, Anthroposophie, La cosmogonie des Rose-Croix de Max Heindel, Le Livre d'Urantia.

 Cosmogonie scientifique

Les théories scientifiques fournissent à l'imaginaire populaire les éléments d'une cosmogonie moderne. Cependant, la cosmogonie scientifique en tant que telle s'occupe de la formation des objets célestes (planète, étoile, galaxie, etc.), alors que la cosmologie est la branche de l'astrophysique qui étudie la structure et l'évolution de l'univers. En cela, elle fournit les théories décrivant l'évolution de l'univers, notamment le modèle du Big Bang. La biologie fournit les théories décrivant l'origine et l'évolution de la vie, notamment la théorie de l'évolution.

Les théories scientifiques fournissent les explications les plus vraisemblables et vérifiables aux phénomènes observés, mais ne fournissent pas toutes les réponses : ce n'est pas leur objectif. Par exemple l'analyse des traces du Big Bang permet de remonter vers une époque très reculée de l'histoire de l'univers, sans être en mesure aujourd'hui de connaître les tout  premiers instants de cette époque. La plupart des physiciens pensent que ce problème résulte de notre compréhension limitée des lois de la physique dans une telle situation, ainsi que de l'absence d'éléments observationnels ou expérimentaux relatifs à ces époques.

Les théories scientifiques sont par essence sujettes à de profonds remaniements. Par exemple, le modèle du Big Bang a été proposé en 1922 par Alexandre Friedmann, puis en 1927 par l'abbé Lemaître à partir d'une théorie de l'« atome primitif ». Celui-ci fut un pionnier dans l'utilisation de la relativité générale formulée par Einstein douze ans plus tôt. Einstein eut des scrupules lorsque sa brillante théorie le mena à un univers en expansion. Cette idée le dérangea beaucoup, au point de la réfuter vigoureusement dans un premier temps, avant d'admettre son erreur.

Le Big Bang n'est considéré comme étant le modèle le plus satisfaisant que depuis 1962. Auparavant, c'est la théorie de l'univers statique et éternel qui avait la faveur des astrophysiciens. La cosmologie moderne a donc elle aussi été sujette à d'importants remaniements, qui l'ont approché soudainement du récit biblique d'un univers non-statique mais sortant du néant sous forme d'énergie (« que la lumière soit »), se transformant partiellement en matière (formation du firmament au « deuxième jour ») ; néanmoins, certains modèles scientifiques conçoivent déjà l'existence d'un "univers" antérieur au Big Bang (cf. Gabriele Veneziano et la théorie des cordes)…

 Notes et références

 Voir aussi

 Bibliographie
 Leïla Haddad et Guillaume Duprat, Mondes : mythes et images de l'univers, Seuil, Paris 2006
 Alexandre Hislop, Les deux Babylones'', 1916

Articles connexes

Liens externes

Cosmogonie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Though I have already twice suffered chains and imprisonment in Bohemia, an indignity which has been offered to me in no other part of the world, yet my mind, remaining unbound, has all this time exercised itself in the study of that philosophy which is despised only by the wicked and foolish, but is praised and admired by the wise. Nay, the saying that none but fools and lawyers hate and despise Alchemy has passed into a proverb. Furthermore, as during the preceding three years I have used great labor, expense, and care in order to discover for your Majesty that which might afford you much profit and pleasure, so during my imprisonment – a calamity which has befallen me through the action of your Majesty – I am utterly incapable of remaining idle. Hence I have written a treatise, by means of which your imperial mind may be guided into all the truth of the more ancient philosophy, whence, as from a lofty eminence, it may contemplate and distinguish the fertile tracts from the barren and stony wilderness. But if my teaching displease you, know that you are still altogether wandering astray from the true scope and aim of this matter, and are utterly wasting your money, time, labor, and hope. A familiar acquaintance with the different branches of knowledge has taught me this one thing, that nothing is more ancient, excellent, or more desirable than truth, and whoever neglects it must pass his whole life in the shade. Nevertheless, it always was, and always will be, the way of mankind to release Barabbas and to crucify Christ. This I have – for my good, no doubt – experienced in my own case. I venture to hope, however, that my life and character will so become known to posterity that I may be counted among those who have suffered much for the sake of truth. The full certainty of the present treatise time is powerless to abrogate. If your Majesty will deign to peruse it at your leisure, you will easily perceive that my mind is profoundly versed in this study.
(4) Hence, an unchangeable law of Nature regulates the generation of everything within the limits of its own particular genus.
(12) The passive elements – earth and air – are those which by their inactive qualities readily receive the impressions of the aforesaid active elements.
(23) Any compound belonging to any of these three kingdoms – animal, vegetable, mineral – is female in so far as it is earth and air, and male in so far as it is fire and water.
(30) Impure earth is combustible sulfur, which hinders all fusion, and superficially matures the water joined to it, as we see in the minor minerals, marcasite, magnesia, antimony, etc.
(40) Silver is less bounded but aqueous immaturity than the rest of the metals, though it may indeed be regarded as to a certain extent impure, still its water is already covered with the congealing vesture of its earth, and it thus tends to perfection.
(47) Hence they are mistaken who strive to elicit the medicine for the tingeing of metals from animals or vegetables. The tincture and the metal tinged must belong to the same root or genus; and as it is the imperfect metals upon which the Philosopher's Stone is to be projected, it follows that the powder of the Stone must be essentially Mercury. The Stone is the metallic matter which changes the forms of imperfect metals into gold, as we may learn from the first chapter of "The Code of Truth": "The Philosophical Stone is the metallic matter converting the substances and forms of imperfect metals"; and all Sages agree that it can have this effect only by being like them.
If it were worth while, I might adduce hundreds of other passages from the writings of the Sages, but as they would serve no good purpose, I will let these suffice.
Those persons make a great mistake who suppose that the thick water of Antimony, or that viscous substance which is extracted from sublimed Mercury, or from Mercury and Jupiter dissolved together in a damp spot, can in any case be the first substance of metals. Antimony can never assume metallic qualities, because its water and moisture are not tempered with dry, subtle, earth, and want, moreover, that unctuosity which is characteristic of malleable metals. But, as Chambar well says in the "Code of Truth": "It is only through jealousy that Sages have called the Stone Antimony." In the same way, those who destroy the natural composition of Mercury, in order to resolve it into a thick or limpid water, which they call the first matter of metals, fight against Nature in the dark, like blinded gladiators.
"Who can find truth that destroys the humid nature of Mercury? Some foolish persons change its specific metallic arrangement, corrupt its natural humidity by dissolution, and disproportionate quicksilver from its original mineral quality, which wanted nothing but purification and simple digestion. By means of salts, vitriol, and alum, they destroy the seed which Nature has been at pains to develop. For seed in human and sensitive things is formed by Nature and not by art, but by art it is united and mixed. Seed needs no addition, and brooks no diminution. If it is to produce a new thing of the same genus, it must remain the very same thing that was formed by Nature. All teaching that changes Mercury is false and vain, for this is the original sperm of metals, and its moisture must not be dried up, for otherwise it will not dissolve. Too much fire will cause a morbid heat, like that of a fever, and change the passive into active elements, thus the balance of forces is destroyed, and the whole work marred. Yet these fools extract from the lesser minerals corrosive waters, into which they project the different species of metals, and thus corrode them.
"The only natural solution is that by which out of the solvent and the soluble, or male and female, there results a new species. No water can naturally dissolve metals except that which abides with them in substance and form, which also the dissolved metals can again congeal; this is not the case with aqua fortis, seeing that it only destroys the specific arrangement. Only that water can rightly dissolve metals which is inseparable from them in fixation, and such a water is Mercury, but not aqua fortis, or any thing else which those fools are pleased to call Mercurial Water." Thus far Trevisan.
Persons who have fallen into this fatal error may also derive benefit from the teaching of Avicenna on this point: "Quicksilver is cold and humid, and of it, or with it, God had created all metals. It is aerial, and becomes volatile by the action of fire, but when it has withstood the fire a little time, it accomplishes great marvels, and is itself only a living spirit of unexampled potency. It enters and penetrates all bodies, passes through them, and is their ferment. It is then the White and the Red Elixir and is an everlasting water, the water of life, the Virgin's milk, the spring, and that Alum of which whosoever drinks cannot die, etc. It is the wanton serpent that conceives of its own seed, and brings forth on the same day. With its poison it destroys all things. It is volatile, but the wise make it to abide the fire, and then it transmutes as it has been transmuted, and tinges as it has been tinged, and coagulates as it has been coagulated. Therefore is the generation of quicksilver to be preferred before all minerals; it is found in all ores, and has its sign with all. Quicksilver is that which saves metals from combustion, and renders them fusible. It is the Red Tincture which enters into the most intimate union with metals, because it is of their own nature, mingles with them indissolubly in all their smallest parts, and, being homogeneous, naturally adheres to them. Mercury receives all homogeneous substances, but rejects all that is heterogeneous, because it delights in its own nature, but recoils from whatsoever is strange. How foolish, then, to spoil and destroy that which Nature made the seed of all metallic virtue by elaborate chemical operations!" The "Rosary" bids us be particularly careful, lest in purifying the quicksilver we dissipate its virtue, and impair its active force. A grain of wheat, or any other seed, will not grow if its generative virtue be destroyed by excessive external heat. Therefore, purify your quicksilver by distillation over a gentle fire.
In the "Ladder of the Sages" we are told to beware of vitrification in the solution of bodies, with the odor and taste of imperfect substances, and also of the generative virtue of their form being in any way scorched and destroyed by corrosive waters. If you have been trying to do any of these things, you may see how grievous your mistake has been. For the water of the Sages adheres to nothing except homogeneous substances. It does not wet your hands if you touch it, but scorches your skin, and frets and corrodes every substance with which it comes in contact, except gold and silver (it would not affect these until they have been dissipated and dissolved by spirits and strong waters), and with these it combines most intimately. But the other mixture is most childish, it is condemned by the concert of the Sages, and by my own experience. I now propose to show that quicksilver is the water with which, and in which, the solution of the Sages takes place, by putting before the reader the opinions of many Philosophers living in different countries and ages.
Furthermore, as Hermes says, only homogeneous substances cohere, and only they can produce offspring after their own kind, i.e., if you want a medicine which is to generate metals, its origin must be metallic, since "species are tinged by their genus," as the philosopher testifies.
I have thus proved the number of the bodies from which the Elixir is obtained. I will now show by quotations what these bodies are.
I advise all and sundry to follow my teaching, as to the correctness of which my quotations from the ancients can leave no doubt, which also has received further confirmation from my own experiments. Any deviation from this course leads to deception, except only the work of Saturn, which must be performed by the subtilization of principles. The Sages say that homogeneous things only combine with each other, make each other white and red, and permit of common generation. The important point is that Mercury should act upon our earth. This is the union of male and female, of which the Sages say so much. After the water, or quicksilver, has once appeared, it grows and increases, because the earth becomes white, and this is called the impregnation. Then the ferment is coagulated, i.e., joined to the imperfect prepared body, till they become one in color and appearance: this is termed the birth of our Stone, which the Sages call the King. Of this substance it is said in the "Art of Alchemy" that if any one scorches this flower, and separates the elements, the generative germ is destroyed.
Finally, I do you to wit, sons of knowledge, that in the work of the Sages there are three solutions. The first is that of the crude body. The second is that of the earth of the Sages. The third is that which takes place during the augmentation of the substance. If you diligently consider all that I have said, this Magistery will become known to you. As for me, how much I have endured on account of this Art, history will reveal to future ages.


text:
Die 1. Polizei-Jäger-Brigade war eine deutsche Infanteriebrigade im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Sie war die einzige im Zweiten Weltkrieg aus Einheiten der Ordnungspolizei aufgestellte Infanteriebrigade.

Geschichte der Brigade
Die Brigade wurde im Frühjahr 1945 aus den SS-Polizei-Regimentern 8 und 50 der Ordnungspolizei nordwestlich von Stettin aufgestellt. Die Brigade war der Heeresgruppe Weichsel unterstellt. Die Einheit kam bei Wilhelmshöhe südwestlich von Stettin an der Oder, noch vor Abschluss ihrer Ausbildung und mit unzureichender Bewaffnung zum Fronteinsatz. Bei ihrem ersten Einsatz am 20. April 1945 wurde die Brigade durch die Rote Armee zerschlagen.

Gliederung
I. / Polizei-Regiment 50
I. / SS-Polizei-Regiment 8 (ungar.)
II. / SS-Polizei-Regiment 8
10. / III. SS-Polizei-Regiment 8
2 Volkssturm-Bataillone
2 Bau-Pionier-Kompanien
Nachrichten-Kompanie
Panzerjäger-Kompanie

Literatur
Zur Geschichte der Ordnungspolizei 1936–1945 Teil II: Die Stäbe und Truppeneinheiten der Ordnungspolizei, Georg Tessin
Waffen-SS und Ordnungspolizei im Kriegseinsatz 1939–1945. Ein Überblick anhand der Feldpostübersicht, bearbeitet von Georg Tessin und Norbert Kannapin, Biblio-Verlag, Osnabrück 2000

Ordnungspolizei
Ordnungspolizei
Gegründet 1945
Aufgelöst 1945
Infanterie-Brigade (Wehrmacht)
Einheit der Ordnungspolizei


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Former Footy Show host Sam Newman is threatening legal action against Channel 9. Picture: Michael Dodge/AAP
Sam Newman wants to sue Channel 9
21st Sep 2020 12:20 PM
Controversial commentator Sam Newman is reportedly threatening to take legal action against his former employer Channel 9, just months after leaving the network.
The former Footy Show host is planning to sue the network, claiming he was defamed in a news report that published comments from photographer Wayne Ludbey, according to the Herald Sun.
The decision comes months after Newman was forced to apologise for comments he made about former AFL star Nicky Winmar during an episode of the You Cannot Be Serious podcast, which he hosted with Don Scott and Mike Sheahan.
Sam Newman is reportedly threatening to sue Channel 9 over the publication of alleged defamatory comments. Picture: Nicole Cleary
Winimar took a famous stand against racism, lifting his jersey and pointing to his skin after being subject to abuse from the crowd during at match between St Kilda and Collingwood in 1993.
The picture of Winimar's stand was captured by Ludbey, a Sunday Age photographer.
In an episode of the You Cannot Be Serious podcast uploaded in June, Newman, Scott and Sheahan suggested Winmar may have just been pointing at his "guts" rather than taking a stand against racism.
The comments attracted significant backlash, with both Winmar and Ludbey beginning legal proceedings against the men.
The matter was settled outside of court after the trio issued a public apology and removed the episode.
Nicky Winmar's stand against racism in 1993 was photographed by Wayne Ludbey. Picture: Mark Stewart
The signed apology from Sam Newman, Don Scott and Mike Sheahan to Nicky Winmar. Picture: Twitter
But now, Newman is claiming comments made by Ludbey following the controversy were defamatory, with legal letters being sent to the photographer and multiple news outlets.
Newman told the Herald Sun the legal action had "nothing to do with Nickey Winimar" and was instead focused on Ludbey's comments.
"It is the comments he (Ludbey) made about our motivation that we have absolutely taken offence to and are erroneous and wrong," Newman said.
"The notices were sent out to Ludbey and the people who broadcast or printed the reprehensible and extremely offensive comments."
Newman addressed Ludbey's criticism in an episode of his podcast last month, calling it a "malicious act" and "extremely offensive".
He hinted that legal action would be taken against Ludbey, saying he was "putting him on notice".
"It's without foundation and it's defamatory and reckless in the extreme and we will be issuing legal proceedings against him," Newman said.
"So I'm just putting him on notice that he should check his mailbox because we will be issuing him with legal proceedings."
It has now been confirmed Newman is also taking action against media outlets that published Ludbey's comments, with his former employer Channel 9 being one of those outlets.
Sam Newman was one of the hosts on the Footy Show before parting ways with Nine. Picture: Channel 9
He told the Herald Sun the decision to include Channel 9 in the legal proceedings was not personal but the legal advice he received was to include all publications that had published or republished Ludbey's comments.
A spokesperson for Channel 9 told news.com.au the network wasn't commenting on Newman's legal action.
Newman's employment with Channel 9 ended in June after he sparked severe backlash for comments made about George Floyd, whose death sparked Black Lives Matter protests across the world.
The commentator said he and the network had "mutually decided" to part ways, saying the past 35 years at Nine had been "fantastic".
The decision came after Newman labelled Floyd, a "peice of s**t" on an episode of his podcast.
"George Floyd … is piece of s**t," he said. "He has been in jail five times, he held up a pregnant black woman with a knife, he's a drug addict, he's a crackhead and he's a porn star.
"He's dead because of the police brutality and it never should have happened. But I am telling you who George Floyd is, now they've made a monument about him and he's a piece of s**t".
Newman refused to apologise for his comments, saying he was "100 per cent right" on what he said.
Originally published as Sam Newman wants to sue Channel 9
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Some are born great, some achieve greatness, some have greatness thrust upon them - and the lucky efw become captains of Watford Football Club.
In the seventh volume of Tales from the Vicarage, meet 11 men who have led out the Hornets over half a century in a series of exclusive interviews taking you behind the scenes at Vicarage Road.
From the FA Cup Final to the notorious 'ghost' goal, from Hartelpool to Europe thay have made more than 2,500 appearances for the Hornets between them.
Find out which Watford skipper signed for the club in a petrol station, which one gave first aid to 'injures' tiddlywinks, whoch one took over penalty-taking duties from Brazilian legend Pele... and which one sat down to Christmas dinner with the Sherrif of Nottingham.


text:
MILWAUKEE (AP) — The coronavirus testing numbers that have guided much of the nation's response to the pandemic are likely to be erratic over the next week or so, experts said Friday, as fewer people get tested during the Thanksgiving holiday weekend and testing sites observe shorter hours. by Associated Press Nov. 28 2020 @ 12:05am
MILWAUKEE (AP) — The coronavirus testing numbers that have guided much of the nation's response to the pandemic are likely to be erratic over the next week or so, experts said Friday, as fewer people get tested during the Thanksgiving holiday weekend and testing sites observe shorter hours.
The result could be potential dips in reported infections that offer the illusion the spread of the virus is easing when, in fact, the numbers say little about where the nation stands in fighting COVID-19. The number of Americans who have tested positive passed 13 million Friday, according to Johns Hopkins University.
"I just hope that people don't misinterpret the numbers and think that there wasn't a major surge as a result of Thanksgiving, and then end up making Christmas and Hanukkah and other travel plans," said Dr. Leana Wen, a professor at George Washington University and an emergency physician.
A similar pattern unfolds on many weekends. Because some testing centers, labs and state offices are closed on Saturdays and Sundays, COVID-19 case numbers often drop each Sunday and Monday, only to peak on Tuesday.
Johns Hopkins University reported a high of more than 2 million tests a few days before Thanksgiving as people prepared to travel, but that number dropped to less than 1.2 million tests on Thanksgiving Day. The latter number, as well as positive case numbers, which dropped by about a third Friday, could be adjusted as more results are returned.
Virus keeps Black Friday crowds thin, shoppers shift online
In several state and cities, officials reported sharp drops in testing Friday and reminded people not to read improvements into them. Arkansas Gov. Asa Hutchinson said the drop means residents might not know for weeks how much their efforts to slow the spread affected the state's rate of positive tests.
While testing was down Thursday and Friday, health officials said they anecdotally saw a jump in people getting tested before deciding to travel or gather for Thanksgiving meals. They warned the tests are often a snapshot, not a complete assurance that someone has not been exposed to the virus.
"I think it can be kind of a false sense of security for some people," Rupp said, predicting the holiday will be followed within weeks by another surge "because people have continued to travel, they've continued to have gatherings outside their immediate family."
"Where we are now is a completely unsustainable place. I think it's extremely frustrating to those of us in health care to see our calls are not being heeded," Wen said. "And the level of alarm that we have is not reflected in individuals' behavior."


U.S. Military Developing False Online Personalities to Counter "Enemy Propaganda"
The U.S. Central Command(Centcom) has purchased software that creates false online personalities for what it calls "information operations."
Using the software, one member of the U.S. military can control up to 10 different fake accounts that appear to belong to civilians living in other countries. The government purchased the software from California-based Ntrepid for $2.76 million.
"The technology supports classified blogging activities on foreign-language websites to enable Centcom to counter violent extremist and enemy propaganda outside the U.S.," Centcom spokesperson Commander Bill Speaks told The Guardian.
Operations that the software could be used for include countering disinformation campaigns, military deception, computer network operations or hacking, according to the Washington Times.
According to a government document about the "Online Persona Management Service," each fake profile is "replete with background, history, supporting details, and cyber presences that are technically, culturally and geographically consistent." Profiles are also masked with IP addresses that make them look like they are being posted from one of several designated locations.
Speaks told the Washington Times that the military would refrain from using fake personalities on platforms that, like Facebook, ban fake profiles in their terms of service.


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Clarkstown North-Clarkstown South rivalry about respect
Mike Zacchio
mzacchio@lohud.com
WEST NYACK — It's been more than a decade since Clarkstown North and Clarkstown South squared off to open the football season, and in that time the competition between the two Rockland schools has only grown.
"It's exciting, it really is," said Vikings coach Mike Scarpelli, whose team grinded out a 6-0 win the last time the two teams played Week 1, in 2002, his first year with the team. "Each day, I took something about (that) North-South game and told them about it and said, 'This is going to be a very, very different football game.' "
The teams play for the Supervisor's Cup, a slightly rusted silver cup that goes to the winner, but what they really play for is bragging rights.
"The kids get everything all week from their friends in school," Clarkstown North coach Joe Trongone said. "I think we preach mental focus the whole week."
"It's just a great way, I think, kickoff (the season) like they do at the college level," Scarpelli said. "(Thursday) night was South Carolina-North Carolina — I think that's just great stuff. It's great for the kids, it's great for the community.
"Once kickoff comes, that's it. All the practices, all the weight room (sessions) — you can't do anything about it after that first kickoff."
The last five contests have been competitive between the two schools, with no team winning by more than seven in any given year. Clarsktown South has won 13 of the last 16 matchups.
"I love the competition of it and the process of getting ready for it," Scarpelli said. "It's just been such a healthy competition between North and South the last, I would say, 10-15 years."
As Scarpelli noted, although the teams are battling for a win, a Supervisor's Cup, and school pride, it's still a game and there's more to it that just a win, a Cup, or school pride.
"The camaraderie and the respect that we have towards each other as coaches and as players — the kids have played with one another maybe through the New City Rams (pee wee football) or Little League — but there is a respect factor there," Scarpelli said. "Everyone's going to lay everything on the line, but when all is said and done at the end of the game, everyone's going to be happy for each other and support each other the rest of the season, and that's how it's always been."
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Marquette U. rescinds job offer to lesbian candidate
May 7, 2010 By WRN Contributor
About 100 students held a protest demonstration last night at Marquette University in Milwaukee, after the Jesuit school withdrew an offer to hire a lesbian dean who had written academic works on gender and sexual orientation.
Seattle University professor Jodi O'Brien said she got an offer to become the dean of the College of Arts-and-Sciences but school president Robert Wild interceded before it could be announced. O'Brien said she was stunned and disappointed.
Marquette spokeswoman Mary Pat Pfeil said the decision was not due to the quality of her scholarship or the fact she was a lesbian. Pfeil said it was based on, "a totality of factors, specifically related to the fit for the candidate to the college." She said Marquette officials were concerned about some of O'Brien's writing relating to the Catholic mission and its identity.
Some professors say the decision is against the school's values. They're now concerned their academic freedom may be questioned. The students protested outside an awards dinner for Marquette faculty, blocking part of a busy street.
Crowd noise (:17)
Filed Under: Education Tagged With: Milwaukee


Rea Kelly creates a selection of vibrant, textural, landscapes, florals and abstracts that deliver joy.
I was born in Montreal and grew up with a father who was an art lover and Sunday water colourist. That must be where I got the urge to express myself through painting, because I did my first portrait at age 16.
I think it's not so bad for a sixteen year old with zero training.
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