text:
package app.tworoomsandaboom.tuesdayknightgames.com.timer;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;

public class SettingsActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    private GameSettings gameSettings;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_settings);

        if (gameSettings == null) {
            gameSettings = GameSettings.newBuilder()
                .addRound(new GameSettings.RoundSettings(3, 1))
                .addRound(new GameSettings.RoundSettings(2, 1))
                .addRound(new GameSettings.RoundSettings(1, 1))
                .build();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_settings, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}


text:
The Cornell Daily Sun (https://cornellsun.com/2013/11/10/business-news-students-cite-fit-passion-in-choice-of-career/)
BUSINESS NEWS: Students Cite Fit, Passion in Choice of Career
By The Cornell Daily Sun | November 10, 2013
The Sun asked Cornell seniors about their future employment prospects and why they decided to pursue a particular job industry.
"I will be working with Bloomberg L.P. in New York City. I interned there last summer … I really appreciated the fact that I was given the freedom of implementing a very challenging project in my own way that is still in production today and being developed further." — Aparna Pande '14
"As a communication major, my passion is in storytelling and my industry is journalism. I am fascinated by the way words, photography and videos come together to tell a story. In particular, I am interested in reporting about fashion, entertainment and pop culture. I previously interned at Teen Vogue and would very much like to return to one of the many incredible Condé Nast brands. Other than that, I am also actively pursuing opportunities at NBC — it would be a dream to work at E! Entertainment as Giuliana Rancic has been such as inspiration to me as an aspiring journalist." — Emilyn Teh '14
"I have accepted a job working for [Ernst & Young] in their [Human Resources] consulting practice in New York. As an ILRie interested in business and working with people, EY's HR consulting practice is the perfect fit for my skills and interests. I interned at EY this past summer in their HR consulting practice and really enjoyed the challenging nature of the work as well as the culture of the firm." — Rachel Medin '14
"I love the collaborative and person-focused nature of the hospitality industry. The job of everyone in the tourism industry, at the end of the day, is to make the traveler happy. I've been lucky enough to have had a couple of great internship experiences and some great bosses. It's thanks to these experiences that I can say confidently that I am looking forward to a career in sales and in the hospitality industry." — Tejal Thakkar '14
WOMEN'S HOCKEY | Red One of Two Undefeated NCAA Teams Remaining
By The Cornell Daily Sun November 10, 2013
By BEN HOROWITZ
The No. 3 Cornell women's hockey team went undefeated in two ECAC contests this weekend at Lynah Rink, and after these impressive wins over Rensselaer and Union, the Red remains one of only two unbeaten teams in the NCAA.
Elvis Costello At the State
By ZACH ZAHOS
There is an awesome dissonance to Elvis Costello's genius: He's got that voice, as recognizable as David Bowie's or Van Morrison's (if you think about it, it pretty much sounds like a marriage of the two) that has hardly changed after more than 40 years of belting. But then you've got his actual music — 32 studio albums worth, kicking off with radio-friendly punk before spiraling into soul, country, folk, electronica, jazz and classical.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Welcome to the premier resource for all real estate information and services in the area. We hope you enjoy your visit and explore everything our realty website has to offer. We specialize in listings for Anna Maria, Bradenton Beach, Holmes Beach, Bradenton and Sarasota Florida.
Looking for a new home? Use the Quick Search to browse an up-to-date database list of all available properties in the area, or use our Dream Home Finder form and we'll conduct a personalized search for you.


Does Yerba Mate Cause Headaches And If So Why?
The herbal tea Yerba Mate is becoming increasingly popular in North America now. Notice I said 'now' because it's not new in South America for sure. It is a traditional drink there that is prepared a particular way. Can it give you a headache? It is a possibility according to the side effects listed for the drink. It's important to understand more details about the side effects of and why they are listed.
It is also important to understand certain possible benefits of consuming this herbal tea. We will get to those later, but first let's address the original question: Does Yerba Amazon.com cause headaches? It was mentioned that the answer 'can be' yes. A good way to begin to expand upon that answer is by mentioning that it contains caffeine.
Anyone who drinks caffeine has likely had a caffeine headache at some point. Do you drink other beverages that contain caffeine? When you stop drinking caffeine, it can cause you to get a headache, as can too much caffeine. Now, it should also be mentioned at this point that you do not want to drink Mate often for a prolonged period of time. Any type of beverage aside from water is always best in moderation anyway.
Additionally, there are certain other side effects that are possible, and they are much worse than headaches. Yet you don't want to get a headache from drinking it in moderation or just to try it out, and that is definitely understandable. While you would think that headaches would be tied to the caffeine, one reputable source I took a look at doesn't get that specific.
What that source says is that a headache is a possible side effect for some people after drinking Yerba Mate. That kind of leaves you to draw your own conclusions. Seeing as the drink contains caffeine, it's reasonable to assume that it would be why headaches are listed as a possible side effect. Yet that also makes you wonder if it's because of the caffeine boost or a lack of caffeine after drinking it for awhile and stopping.
If it has to do with the boost in caffeine, it's a good idea to mention now that a cup of this tea contains less caffeine than a cup of coffee. That comparison does help to bring a little perspective to the table. That still doesn't mean that it's the caffeine you have to worry about in terms of a headache.
Maybe at this point it is best to actually take a closer look at the individual ingredients of this herbal tea and what they bring to the table. There are two other stimulants for instance, and they are theobromine and theophylline. These stimulants are also in coffee by the way, and they are in chocolate, too. As for the rest of the ingredients, you would be looking at the composition of the leaves.
There is one more thing that should be mentioned in relation to the caffeine. While it was said that the caffeine content is less than what you would get out of a cup of coffee, the caffeine content can actually vary. Sources point to the fact that caffeine per cup can vary according to plant variety.
This tea is also supposed to come with its positive benefits. That is one reason why people like to drink it from time to time. You have to weigh the positive benefits against the side effects and see if it's a drink that you want to try. According to the list of positive benefits, you may get a boost to your immune system. It is also possible that it can help to lower blood sugar, and there are supposed to be other benefits, too.


This week on The Bachelorette — which takes places in the Swiss city of Geneva — Rachel Lindsay tells the many men still vying for the chance to slip a diamond ring on her finger that she is doing away with the Rose Ceremony. Instead, she told the men that there would be three dates and then one dreaded three-on-one date with a single rose to the winner.
Rachel likes to spoil her men, but she goes all out to treat Bryan right. They drive a Bentley to a watch store where Bryan tells the salesman,"I like black." and Rachel smiles, "Oh really?" and then they make out in front of the poor salesman. They boat around Lake Geneva, sipping champagne. Rachel doesn't understand why Bryan is single, so decides to grill him about it. He mumbles something about how his last girlfriend just wasn't as perfect as Rachel and she falls for it. When she hands him the rose, they make out while musicians serenade them and pretend it's not super awkward to watch two people make out.
When Dean's name is called, he admits that he doesn't really want to bring Rachel home to his family, because he doesn't have a great relationship with them and isn't sure what to do about that. Luckily he has time for divine inspiration, because Rachel takes him to a Catholic mass in French as their date, which is pretty much the opposite of romance. Afterward, they wander the streets. Rachel wants to go deeper with him, but he just keeps cracking jokes, until, over fondue, he finally opens up about the fact that he doesn't have a relationship with his dad, who has become "quite a bit more eccentric" since his mother passed away. He is worried that Rachel will judge his family as her future family. That burst of authenticity earns him a rose and a few kisses.
This season of The Bachelorette hasn't had nearly enough helicopter rides, so Peter and Rachel are shunted up a mountain to sit on a glacier and dog sled their way to romance. They make out on the mountain and then head back indoors to have a proper conversation and chat about his family and past romances where it sounds like he ghosted some girl. Rachel makes appropriately sad puppy eyes about the fate of this poor girl and then invites herself to Peter's house for dinner by giving him a rose.
Rachel takes Eric and two guys she has never gone on a date with on a boat ride across international waters, because they are essentially on a three-on-one date and there's gonna be a blood bath. After a treacherous boat crossing, Rachel quickly decides to send Matt home. He bids Rachel a fond farewell and takes his glass of champagne with him.
And then there were two: Eric and Adam. Adam plays the game well and tells Rachel all the things she wants to hear about how his family will love her, while Eric gets really real telling Rachel about his family's long troubled history and how he has never once brought a girl home. Rachel ends up opting to visit Eric's home town, because at least she actually went on a date with the guy and it would be pretty awkward to meet someone's mom when you've never gone on a single date with them.
Next week: Home town dates!


Child Labor Essay: What to Include in Your Writing?
A child labor essay is an assignment that is complicated to write not because of the lack of material, but because of the topic itself. Well, we believe you know what we mean. Just imagine you have to write a paper on child labor. What would you write about? There are so many emotions that it is impossible to express and explain them all in one paper.
However, if you get as a writing assignment an essay on child labor, what really would you write about? Will you mention social and political issues? Or would you rather concentrate on particular problems in particular families? Will you try to justify those that use children as a cheap labor force or will you insist that there is no justification?
So, if you are still thinking about how to write a child labor essay, we can give you some hope: the structure of such an essay is very simple. You start with an introduction, then, you write the main part, and, finally, you create a conclusion. However, the content is something that might be challenging. There are too many issues, and there are too many dimensions of those issues.
In the child labor essay introduction, you have to attract the reader`s attention to the problem. Is it somehow close to you? Why have you decided to write your paper about this issue? Where did you see cases when children were exploited? All these questions will help you to start your paper. If you have some stories, if you have seen such kids or somehow participated in their destiny, you can share these experiences in your paper.
Speaking about the child labor essay body, it is describing the problem. Here, you define your emotions and attitudes to those people who are involved in this issue. As well, offer solutions if you have. The main task here is to show why you believe this phenomenon is good or bad and substantiate your opinion.
If you have some citations to use, just use them. If you have some experiences, share them in details and share your emotions and feelings about them. The essay body is where you develop your ideas and prove them.
In the child labor essay conclusion, you sum up everything that was written in the essay and offer your solutions. These can be solutions on the governmental level, but you might have some ideas which everybody can implement personally.
Do parents abuse children when forcing them to work?
Child labor, parents, and circumstances: who or what is guilty?
How to eliminate the problem of child labor?
The relationship between kids and their parents: is child labor acceptable?
Kids working at home and at an enterprise: what is permissible?
Child labor: is it a crime or a forced measure to survive?
How a Child Labor Essay Outline Should Look?
You know, here, we will not speak again about an introduction, the central part, and a conclusion. We believe that it is more than clear that a standard outline looks like this, doesn't matter which kind of paper you are working on and what the topic is.
We better mention some ways to develop your idea into a meaningful paper that can touch everybody. So, to create a vivid child labor essay outline, try to remember if you have seen cases when children are exploited.
For example, when you go to travel, how often do you see in streets children selling things? Don't you think this can be classified as child labor? And what about children performing tricks on crossroads to get some coins? And these are the simplest cases. You should agree that those kids who work in sweatshops have much worse destinies.
What feelings do you have when you see such kids or read about them? How could you help them if it is possible? What about offering some solutions that could work? And what would you tell about the parents of such kids?
All these ideas you should give in your paper. All you need is to be sincere and to write form your heart, and then, you can be sure that your writing will make the needed effect. As well, keep the standard structure and make sure you substantiate your ideas.
A paper about the child labor issue can be a challenging thing to write, but this kind of paper gives you an opportunity to show your best feelings. And this is not only about the paper but about yourself. It might be that you are going to discover things that you would never discover if it were not for this writing assignment.


text:
Front Page |
News/Comment |
Business | Plus | Sports |
47, W. A. D. Ramanayake Mawatha Colombo 2. P.O. Box: 1136, Colombo 2.
E-Mail:editor@suntimes.is.lk
Telex:21266 LAKEXPO CE
EDITORIAL OFFICE Tel: 326247,328889, 433272-3 Fax: 423258, 423922
ADVERTISING OFFICE Tel: 328074, 438037
CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT 10, Hunupitiya Cross Road, Colombo 2. Tel 435454, 548322
Why late, why the hurry?
We join our people in welcoming the New Year, though having witnessed the passing of yet another Annus Horribilis — the continuing war with no political or military solution in sight and the economy on a downturn. Even the national cricketers who rose to spectacular heights and gave us something to believe in or be proud of are now down under both literally and otherwise with the silver or the golden lining coming only from athletes Damayanthi Dharsha and Sugath Tillekeratne.
Punctuality in Sri Lanka is known to be a waste of time and it is not surprising because of the bad example being set at the top. President Kumaratunga wound up the year in characteristic fashion — keeping VIPs and hundreds of people waiting in India and entering into an agreement not even her own Cabinet of Ministers know anything about.
It is a well-known joke that when the President invites a person for lunch, it ends up as a dinner. Senior government officials are made to kick their heels waiting and waiting outside in the corridors of Temple Trees. The wiser ministers get 'signals' from advance security men when to come. Very few if any go to see her at the scheduled time.
Diplomats are known to have left before meetings started because she comes late. She had kept the visiting Princess Anne waiting after inviting her to her residence. Now comes the news that she has left many of India's VVIP's and captains of industry waiting.
During her three-day official visit to India she made bigger news by her chronic delays in keeping appointments than what she went for.
What she went for — to sign an agreement on free trade between India and Sri Lanka — has come in for sharp criticism from Sri Lanka's main trade body and others. The government that boasted of transparency has now done one worse than its predecessor, the UNP.
If the UNP hatched the 1987 Indo-Lanka accord in secrecy at least it was put to the Cabinet and made public before it was signed.
This government has incubated in darkness a free trade agreement with India. Very few people know much about it. Even Cabinet ministers were kept in the dark. They had to telephone Treasury officials to ask what in hell was going on.
What was the indecent hurry to wrap up this deal which Sri Lanka's trade chamber bosses say might swallow up lots of local industries? Is this the way an open, democratic government is run? Some government ministers and officials, opposition and media received details of the agreement from the Indian High Commission.
This goes against the principle of a participatory democracy and does not augur well for the country. Everyone has personal faults and shortcomings as strengths and capabilities. When such persons assume high public office they must surely endeavour to correct those shortcomings. The twin issues that of the chronic inability to keep appointments and the hush-hush trade agreement borders on a devil may care attitude being adopted by the leadership of the Government. Not an auspicious way to start the New Year and certainly not the way to run the country.
Diplomatic Column
Editorial/Opinion Contents


The above is a weekly chart of the GER30. The GER30 has charted a head and shoulders top. The index is below its 30-week SMA and the SMA is heading sown. Moreover, the RSI(9) is below 50, which is indicative of an underlying bearish momentum. We also note that neckline resistance has held this week, with the index reacting strongly off of this level.


text:
Mexico disappointed at president's meeting with Trump
YURI CORTEZ
US presidential candidate Donald Trump (R) and Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto prepare to deliver a joint press conference in Mexico City on August 31, 2016. Donald Trump was expected in Mexico Wednesday to meet its president, in a move aimed at showing that despite the Republican White House hopeful's hardline opposition to illegal immigration he is no close-minded xenophobe. Trump stunned the political establishment when he announced late Tuesday that he was making the surprise trip south of the border to meet with President Enrique Pena Nieto, a sharp Trump critic. / AFP / YURI CORTEZ (Photo credit should read YURI CORTEZ/AFP/Getty Images)
MEXICO CITY (AP) — Mexicans responded angrily to what they saw as a weak performance by President Enrique Pena Nieto, who appeared to let Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump emerge unscathed from a meeting Wednesday.
Pena Nieto tried gamely to take the high road and avoid arguing with Trump, who didn't waver an inch in his plans to build a wall along the two countries' border.
Trump called Mexican-Americans "spectacular" and "amazing," and Pena Nieto mentioned disagreements and the fact that Mexicans felt "aggrieved," but Mexico's president never did what people here wanted most: demand that Trump apologize for suggesting that many Mexican migrants are rapists or criminals.
Mexico security analyst Alejandro Hope called the meeting "a disaster."
"Trump didn't alter his positions one little bit," Hope said. "He just dressed them up a little in less incendiary language." Of Pena Nieto, Hope said "in the end, he gave Trump an opportunity to show off, while getting nothing in return. Good work, guys."
Trump "came for a photo op and Enrique Pena Nieto allowed himself to be used to benefit his (Trump's) campaign," said columnist Jorge Zepeda.
Trump's contention that illegal immigration and the flight of manufacturing jobs were hurting Mexicans too did little to win hearts and minds south of the border.
Trump "came to repeat his ideas without negotiating," Mexico City security analyst Raul Benitez said. "What a ridiculous visit."
News anchor Carlos Loret de Mola tweeted grimly, "Trump can leave in peace. The humiliation has been carried out."
And writer Angeles Mastretta wrote in her Twitter account, "what was expected: a president who isn't capable of demanding apologies ... how sad."
On the whole, Mexicans reacted with disappointment and disgust that Trump had even been invited. After all, Mexicans have already made — and beaten to pulp — pinatas of Donald Trump. They created a video game in which players can throw soccer balls, cactus leaves and tequila bottles at a cartoon image of Trump.
But when the man himself came to Mexico, he was treated with kid gloves and given a warm reception at the presidential residence. The damage didn't accrue to Trump, but it may well hurt Pena Nieto, whose popularity is already at an all-time low near 20 percent, according to recent polls.
Artist Arturo Meade joined one of the few small protests prior to the meeting with his 2 ½-year old son Mariano, and shook his head in disgust.
"This is an insult and a betrayal," Meade said. "What can this meeting bring us, except surrealism in all its splendor?"
Former President Vicente Fox told local media that Trump was trying to boost his sagging campaign. "He fooled him (Pena Nieto) ... he's using him to try to recover lost votes."
Many Mexicans felt the Republican candidate had left Pena Nieto flat-footed by accepting an invitation the Mexican president had made simply for appearances' sake.
The newspaper El Universal wrote in an editorial that Trump "caught Mexican diplomats off guard" by accepting the invitation, and "got one step ahead of them."
"They wanted to invite Hillary (Clinton), but that meant inviting both of them and nobody thought Trump would accept first," said Mexico City-based security analyst Alejandro Hope. "What's in it for Mexico? Here there's nothing to gain. The upside is all for Trump."
Historically, the golden rule of Mexico's foreign policy has been to avoid being seen as taking sides in U.S. politics; hence the two invitations, even though Mexico favors Hillary Clinton's position on a path to citizenship for migrants.
Pena Nieto acknowledged he had invited both candidates, and said he did it because "I believe in dialogue to promote Mexico's interests and above all to protect Mexicans everywhere."
Abraham Garnica, 31, who works as an engineer in Mexico City, was left like most Mexicans, scratching his head while trying to think of a reason why Pena Nieto might have agreed to the meeting.
"They must be afraid he might win, and so they're saying, 'Just in case, we'll shake his hand," Garnica said. "I myself, I wouldn't have invited him."
Yolanda Herrera, a 66-year-old Mexico City housewife, sought glumly to put the best light on what, to many, felt like a national humiliation.
"let's hope that ... he sees that he was really wrong about what he said," Herrera said of Trump. "I think this is a display of the fact that we Mexicans are a very sympathetic people."


text:
import os
import socket
import logging
from logging.config import fileConfig

from in_trip.lib.pool import ConnectionPool

class ScribeHandler(logging.Handler):
    def __init__(self, host, port):
        from in_trip.lib.scribe_client import ScribeClient
        logging.Handler.__init__(self) # for python 2.6 compatibility
        if not isinstance(port, int):
            port = int(port)
        self.client_pool = ConnectionPool(ScribeClient, (host, port), max_size=5)
        self.hostname = socket.gethostname()

    def emit(self, record):
        try:
            # TODO: searialize record
            record.hostname = self.hostname
            client = self.client_pool.get()
            client.log(self.format(record), record.name)
            self.client_pool.release(client)
        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
            raise
        except:
            self.handleError(record)

    def close(self):
        self.client_pool.close()
        logging.Handler.close(self)

class Utf8Logger(logging.Logger):
    def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None):
        if args:
            args = tuple([arg.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(arg, unicode) else arg for arg in args])
        logging.Logger._log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info, extra)

def setup_logging(conf_file_name):
    logging.setLoggerClass(Utf8Logger)
    fileConfig(conf_file_name, dict(__file__=conf_file_name, here=os.path.dirname(conf_file_name)), disable_existing_loggers=0)

DEFAULT_FORMAT = '[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s "%(message)s"'

def setup_file_logging(logger_name, file_name, level=logging.INFO, log_format=DEFAULT_FORMAT, propagate=0):
    logger = logging.getLogger(None if logger_name == "root" else logger_name)
    logger.propagate = propagate
    logger.setLevel(level)
    fh = logging.FileHandler(file_name)
    fh.setLevel(level)
    formatter = logging.Formatter(log_format)
    fh.setFormatter(formatter)
    logger.addHandler(fh)
    return logger

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Un girodyne est un appareil dont la sustentation et les mouvements verticaux sont assurés par un rotor principal entraîné par un moteur, comme un hélicoptère, et dont la traction est obtenue par un ou plusieurs autres moteurs, comme un avion.
Le principe est proche de l'autogire dont la voilure tournante est libre, contrairement au girodyne.

Exemple
 Gyroplane Breguet-Richet
 SNCASO SO.1310 Farfadet
 Fairey Rotodyne
 Eurocopter X3

Liens externes
  The gyrodyne concept

Type d'aéronef

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Minister of Infrastructures and the Transports, Danilo Toninelli, with the homologous German Andreas Scheuer, has written newly to Violeta Bulc, European commissioner to the Transports, in order to restate with anchor more force own contrarietà regarding the restrictive measures for the road haulage previewed unilaterally from Tirol. The two ministers ask that Brussels invites the authorities Austrians to desist from the adoption of measures that, if adopted, would bring a huge damage to the road haulage enterprises that they cross the corridor of Brenner, with heavy fallen back on the Italian economy and that German.
The measures to which reference is made - have remembered - they are those proposals and notified the Head office MOVES of the EU commission from the Austrian federal government, that they would from abroad impose heavy limitations to the transport of some goods and some coming motor vehicles, therefore from Italy, in the Land of Tirol. Chosen that they would penalize the transit traffic exclusively and would protect that inside, to the detriment of the road haulage from and for Italy and, of I send back, the enterprises of the other Member States. A clear indirect discrimination towards foreign societies, that hinge of the only market of the European Union goes against the principles.
In the communication to commissioner Bulc, Toninelli and Scheuer they emphasize moreover as it is the Italy that Germany policies of protection of the atmosphere and the health pursue, also with financial efforts and important investments that strongly Austrians of restriction of the transit of the trucks would be influenced in negative from the measures. "This decision, therefore - law in the communication of the two ministers - represents, to our warning, a violation of the principle of the free circulation of the goods".


McLean, Va., (December 13, 2017) - The producers of the Smart Manufacturing Experience, taking place April 30 – May 2, 2018 at the Boston Convention Center, have announced the addition of three founding partners, all recognized leaders in helping manufacturers improve productivity: Mazak, Methods Machine Tools Inc. and The Robert E. Morris Company.
Created by SME and AMT – The Association For Manufacturing Technology, the Smart Manufacturing Experience provides a setting for technology providers and users to be immersed in an interactive learning atmosphere. It is the first true manufacturing technology-focused event in Boston since the 1980s.
"Manufacturing is evolving at a pace that is more rapid than ever before. In order to get ahead of this pace, we need to constantly educate ourselves, our suppliers and our customers to emerging technologies. The Smart Manufacturing Experience is an opportunity to bring real-world technologies to life through practical applications and demonstrate them to end users in a non-traditional 'trade show' format," says Jerry Rex, President and COO, Methods Machine Tools.
The Smart Manufacturing Experience focuses on seven transformative technologies that enable manufacturers to better compete in the 4th Industrial Revolution: additive manufacturing/3D printing, automation, advanced materials, precision machining, precision measurement/3D scanning, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and digital manufacturing.
The event hopes to attract up to 4,000 attendees and feature 150 to 200 exhibitors, each of whom will deliver a 15-minute presentation at the show's "knowledge bar." There are no PowerPoint presentations because the knowledge bar focuses on meeting participant's specific information needs.
To completely immerse show participants, the Smart Manufacturing Experience offers eight different experiences: exhibits, knowledge bars, 30-minute learning labs, conferences on case studies and real-world technology applications, the Smart Theater networking hub, a mixed reality experience, four-hour workshops and end-of the-day receptions.
Debbie Holton, Vice President, Events & Industry Strategy for SME notes that exhibitor space is still available, with spaces measuring from 10' x 10' to 40' x 50'.
Visit SmartManufacturingExperience.com and click on the Exhibit tab to apply for exhibitor space; click on the About and Attend tabs for more information on the show, including daily schedules, floor plans and learning opportunities.
Mazak Corporation is a world leader in the design and manufacture of productive machine tool solutions. It produces over 100 models of turning centers, Multi-Tasking machines and vertical machining centers, including 5- axis models. Continuously investing in manufacturing technology allows its Mazak iSMART Factory™ to be the most advanced and efficient in the industry.
For nearly 60 years, Methods Machine Tools has been North America's foremost supplier of leading-edge precision machine tool and additive solutions, providing superior products, engineering and automation, parts and service, training and integration. Methods 3D, Inc. is a dedicated team of industry-experienced, highly skilled technical sales and applications engineers.
The Robert E. Morris Company, a division of Morris Group, Inc., supplies CNC machine tools, tooling, accessories, software, automation and more to manufacturers of precision machined parts. Its customer base is located in the New England states plus northern New Jersey and eastern New York. Its mission is to help manufacturers from all industry sectors achieve and maintain a competitive advantage by improving productivity.


Oh-Em-Gee. You finally met someone on Tinder/OkCupid/Match/Craigslist/JDate/Hinge/The League who isn't a major weirdo. Congrats! And also: sorry! 'Cause your San Francisco relationship may already be completely fucked.
The only way this could possibly work is if you also live in the Outer Sunset and even then, this still might not work.
YOU CANNOT DATE YOUR MORTAL ENEMY.
Yes, there are actually people in this world who hate brunch. If you're dating one of those people, you will grow to hate them since brunching is 1) San Francisco's national pastime and 2) literally the only thing to do on a Sunday.
It's "competitive research" for an app they're building! Except probably not!
You may be happy now, but will you still be happy in two years when they're done with their "living out West" experiment and want to move back to Greenwich, Connecticut?
Seriously, when is the last time you enjoyed BART? Or Bay Bridge traffic? Or, uh, Oakland in general? Exactly.
Either you're dating someone who's going to be grumpy every night because they just spent an hour finding parking, or you're dating someone who unapologetically rides a tech shuttle bus. Any way you slice it, you're screwed. And not in the way you're hoping.
Do you really want to spend your life with someone who doesn't also want to eat all of SF's delicious hamburgers? Do you??
Waiting in line is a way of life in San Francisco. It's also the only way to get the city's best coffee, ice cream, pizza, and day-old NYC bagels.
Yes, it means you have a legit reason to go to Fort Funston, but it also means no more sleepovers at your place EVER.
Head-high waves and offshore winds at Ocean Beach will always trump everything. Including your best friend's wedding, the brunch plans with your parents you made a month ago, and, oh right: your entire existence.
You know what you CAN stop believing in? Your relationship.
Even if you don't like football, this will never be okay.
They probably also live in a SOMA high-rise and want to talk about their startup and no no no no no.
Clearly you can't go out in public with someone who uses that term and it's just hard to have a successful relationship when you're dating someone who is a total embarrassment to all of mankind. See also: Republicans.
Daisy Barringer is an SF-based freelance writer who would never be selected to join The League. Tell her your SF dating and break-up stories on Twitter: @daisy.


text:
Q: How do I handle Haskell Prelude namespace collisions? If I want to use readFile from Data.Text.IO, but there's already a readFile in the Prelude, how do I import it, so that it doesn't cause the ambiguity error?
I have a script that just says import Data.Text.IO and then later uses readFile, and I'm testing it in ghci using :load, but it complains about ambiguous function calls.

A: There are two solutions.
import qualified Data.Text.IO as T

This will give you the Data.Text.IO function as T.readFile. However, if you only plan to use the Data.Text.IO version and never the Prelude version, you can exclude the Prelude version.
import Prelude hiding (readFile)
import Data.Text.IO

An explicit import Prelude will override the default import of Prelude, and you can control which names get imported.

A: import qualified Data.Text.IO as DTIO, then you can use DTIO.readfile.
see https://wiki.haskell.org/Import for details

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Four hundred and eighty-one. That's how many minke whales Norway has killed so far this year, according to new data released by the country's Fishermen's Sales Organization, or Råfisklaget. That's 52 more than all of last year, and 76 more than the two years before that. What's more, this year's whaling season in Norway has yet to end, so additional whales may still be slaughtered. Overall, this whaling season is the "deadliest in years," according to the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI), a Washington, D.C.-based NGO.
"The current increase in numbers shows how desperately Norway is clinging to its whaling activities," Fabienne McLellan, co-director of international relations at Swiss NGO OceanCare, told Mongabay in an email. "It's just cynical to classify the whaling industry, which is artificially kept alive through subsidies, to be of systemic importance during the COVID-19 crisis."
In 1982, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) placed a global moratorium on commercial whaling activities, but Norway formally objected to this ruling. Eleven years later, the Nordic country resumed commercial whaling, and since 1993 has hunted more than 14,000 minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata).
During their migration in the North Atlantic Ocean, male and female minke whales tend to segregate, with females traveling further north along the Norwegian coast. As a result, about 70% of whales killed in the Norwegian hunts are females, and pregnant ones at that, McLellan says.
"Pregnant females are slower and accordingly also easier to kill," she said. "Standing on a whaling vessel that is constantly moving, it is difficult to distinguish whether the whale is pregnant or not.
"Also it is to be assumed that the females swim closer to the coast for energy and security reasons and are therefore caught more easily," she added.
Targeting pregnant females could impact genetic diversity and population growth, says Kate O'Connell, marine animal consultant at AWI. "[T]he cumulative effects of this over the years is of concern," she told Mongabay.
Animal welfare advocates also say that whaling is cruel. The whalers will strike a moving whale with a harpoon, which is meant to instantly kill them. But in many instances, it takes a long time for the whales to die, according to a report.
This year, Norway also loosened its constraints on whaling operations, which exacerbates animal welfare concerns, O'Connell said.
"[T]he government opted to weaken whaling regulations yet again, by requiring that only one person on board a whaling vessel would need to have whaling experience, and even then, only have participated in a whale hunt once in the last six years," she said. "This poses a significant problem for the welfare of the whales targeted, as less experienced harpooners have been shown to have higher time to death rates."
This year's higher kill rate may be due, in part, to favorable weather during the whaling season, as well as the two extra boats used in this year's hunts, according to O'Connell.
"Only ten vessels hunted last year, and the 2019 kill total of 429 was one of the lowest in a decade," she said. "Given that twelve boats have hunted this year and the kill rate is higher appears to indicate that the industry is not yet in its death throes."
It might also have to do with demand. Representatives from the whaling industry say that sales are up this year, possibly due to Norwegians wanting to buy local foods during the COVID-19 pandemic, and choosing to travel within Norway instead of going abroad. Øyvind Andre Haram of Norsk Hval, an organization that promotes the Norwegian whaling industry, likens current whale meat consumption in Norway to the "old days."
"This year we see for the first time that the arrows point in the right direction, and it is very gratifying," Haram told national media company NRK in Norwegian.
"I have worked with this for a six-year period, and have never experienced as much interest as this year," he added. "The producers have … not been able to get enough meat into the shops."
Per Rolandsen, a sales consultant at Norges Råfisklag, a Norwegian fishing association, told NRK that the whaling industry hopes to kill more than 500 whales this year.
While the pandemic may be driving up local whale meat sales, a 2019 survey, commissioned by Oceancare, AWI and other NGOs, suggests that whale meat is falling out of favor with Norwegians. It found that only 4% of polled Norwegians admitted to frequently consuming whale, while two-thirds of the participants said they consumed whale a "long time ago" or had never eaten it at all.
"The Nordic country is financing a range of projects aimed at boosting whale product sales in the domestic market," McLellan said. "For example, the government supports the development of dietary supplements, alternative pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products from whale oil."
Whale meat is also being sold as "hipster food" at music festivals and trendy restaurants, served on cruise ships, and even being used as animal feed at fur farms, she added.
You might also like: Why Is There So Much More Biodiversity in Tropical Ecosystems?
Norway also exports whale meat and products to Japan, Iceland, and Denmark's Faroe Islands, despite a CITES regulation that bans the commercial trade of whale products.
"One whale meat company, Myklebust Hvalprodukter, has been relatively successful in finding a market in Japan, going so far as to open a branch there," O'Connell said. "Last year it shipped some 200 metric tons of whale products to Japan."
Japan and the Faroe Islands have continued whaling, while Iceland's industry appears to have ceased, at least for the moment.
McLellan says she believes that the IWC should formally address Norway's commercial whaling activities, which it hasn't done since 2001, and that member states of the European Union need to place pressure on Norway for commercially whaling in European waters. She also says that tourists can play a role by avoiding consuming whale meat when visiting whaling nations, and choosing to support whale-watching activities.
"While Iceland and Japan have been subject to diplomatic pressures in the past, Norway has so far been largely spared from criticism, despite being the whaling nation number one, carrying out whaling activities in European waters," McLellan said.
"Norway should acknowledge that whaling is no longer a necessary industry and stop issuing quotas in defiance of the IWC's moratorium," she added.
Featured image by: Erik Christensen
This article was originally published on Mongabay, written by Elizabeth Claire Alberts, and is republished here as part of an editorial partnership with Earth.Org.
According to new research published in the journal Scientific Reports, beluga whales have complex social networks, with close relationships outside of their immediate kin. The study changes scientists' understanding of the whales' social dynamics, which they believe are a result of the whales' highly developed vocalisations.
The study, conducted by the Florida Atlantic University's Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, brought new insights into the fundamental nature of beluga whale social structures which further challenged prevailing hypotheses about social organisation and kinship in cetaceans.
The study used field observations, DNA profiling and multi- locus genotyping of beluga whales from 10 sites across the Arctic to address key features of beluga group structure, the pattern of kinship and behavior.
Contrary to previous studies that postulated that belugas live in communities where social bonds focus on closely related individuals from the same maternal lineage, as seen in African elephants, the study revealed that both large and small social groups also frequently form bonds with whales of unrelated and distant lineages. The genetic analysis from the study revealed that Beluga whale groupings were not usually organised around close maternal relatives, instead involved more paternal relatives, indicating the male beluga whales' high fidelity to a herd.
The observed whales were often found in pods organised by age or sex rather than just family, meaning that beluga whales form relationships that go beyond those needed only for survival and "beluga communities have similarities to human societies where social networks, support structures, cooperation and cultures involve interactions between kin and non-kin," the study authors write. Given the fact that they can live for up to 70 years and tend to remain within their natural community, these findings show that beluga whales may form long-term affiliations with unrelated as well as related individuals.
Further, certain behaviours were associated with group type, and group membership was found to be often dynamic. Greg O'Corry– Crowe, an ecologist at FAU and the lead author of the new study, says, "It may be that their highly developed vocal communication enables them to remain in regular acoustic contact with close relatives even when not associating together."
Additionally, the frequency with which adult female belugas associate with non-kin complicates the studies of menopause, indicating a need to expand the study outside of current evolutionary mechanisms.
O'Corry says, "The findings improve our understanding of why some species are social, how individuals learn from group members and how animal cultures emerge. They also will hopefully promote new research on what constitutes species resilience and how species like the beluga whales can respond to the emerging threats including climate change."
Featured image by: Tjflex2
As anyone who travels with kids knows, long journeys can lead to endless little songs, rhymes, riffs and gratingly repetitive singalongs. New research shows that whales are no different. To pass the time on their long migrations, humpback whales sing to each other as they travel – and learn new songs as different populations converge along well-travelled routes.
"Male humpback whales perform complex, culturally transmitted song displays," explains Dr. Ellen Garland of the University of St Andrews in Scotland. "Our research has revealed the migration patterns of humpback whales appear to be written into their songs. We found similarities in songs from the Kermadec Islands and songs from multiple wintering locations."
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According to the University, it was already known that whale songs are transmitted eastwards across the South Pacific Ocean, travelling across breeding populations from Australia to French Polynesia in a series of 'revolutions' passing in waves across the oceans. The new research, undertaken in collaboration with the University of Auckland, now reveals that migratory convergence appears to facilitate whale song learning as well as transmission of songs east, and potentially cultural convergence.
"While convergence and transmission have been shown within a whale population during migration and on their wintering grounds, song exchange and convergence on a shared migratory route remained elusive," explains Dr. Garland.
Dr. Luke Rendell, also from the School of Biology at the University of St Andrews, added "Song themes from multiple wintering grounds matched songs recorded at the Kermadecs, including a hybrid of two songs, suggesting that multiple humpback whale populations from across the South Pacific are travelling past these islands and song learning may be occurring."
Meanwhile, a survey conducted this year near the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) found that blue whale populations are steadily increasing, with the IUCN recording 3000 from as little as 1 000 in the 1960s. In addition to blue whales, the team recorded 790 humpback whales during the survey period, and estimated that there are now more than 20 000 of them feeding off the island seasonally.
This article was originally published on Parley, and is republished here as part of an editorial partnership with Earth.Org.
While commercial whaling is banned, it is estimated that at least 1 500 large whales are killed each year. While the problem of dwindling whale numbers is oft-discussed, what is less known about whales is the role they play in mitigating global warming.
Whales are hunted for their blubber, meat and bones. The blubber is used in whale oil, which was widely used in cars as an automatic transmission fluid as well as a lubricant. However, whales are worth much more as a biofuel and they play a vital role in the global ecosystem to mitigate global warming.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has estimated the value of a single great whale at more than US$2 million, amounting to more than US$1 trillion for the current stock of great whales. This amount was determined based on each whale's contribution to carbon capture, the fishing industry and the whale-watching sector.
Whales and the Carbon Cycle
Whales are capable of capturing a significant amount of carbon from the atmosphere. A great whale's diet consists largely of phytoplankton, a microscopic plant that converts sunlight and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and by extension, oxygen. A single whale can- over a lifespan of around 60 years- accumulate around 33 tonnes of CO2 on average. By comparison, a tree can absorb up to 22kgs of CO2 a year.
When whales defecate, the nutrients (iron and nitrogen) released from their fecal plumes stimulate phytoplankton growth which attracts fish and other organisms, a phenomenon known as 'whale pump'.
Phytoplankton contribute at least 50% of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere and capture an estimated 37 billion tonnes of all CO2 produced. This is equivalent to the amount of CO2 captured by 1.7 trillion trees, four times the number of trees in the Amazon Rainforest. The IMF study also stated that a 1% increase in phytoplankton productivity linked to whale activity could mean the capture of the equivalent of planting 2 billion mature trees.
Even the (natural) death of a whale serves a crucial function. Whale carcasses sink to the seafloor, and the carbon stored in the carcasses is able to support deep-sea ecosystems and become marine sediments, with carbon being locked away for hundreds of years.
The carbon cycle of whale-phytoplankton positive feedback (Source: International Monetary Fund).
Whaling and the Environment
Whaling has been a tradition in many cultures since 3000 BC. Since industrialisation in the 1860s, the intensity of whaling reached its peak in the 1960s, with a maximum of more than 90 000 whales caught a year during this decade. Many species of whales became critically endangered during this time, such as the humpback and right whale.
Solutions to Whaling
In 1982, the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment and International Whaling Commission (IWC) passed a vote to ban commercial whaling. All commercial whaling activities are banned but member nations can issue 'scientific permits' for whaling. There is an ongoing issue of Japan abusing the system by using lethal methods to conduct what they call research on whales, whose meat is still widely available on the market in Japan.
In 2018, IWC members discussed and rejected a proposal by Japan to renew commercial whaling. Through the Florianopolis Declaration, it was concluded that the purpose of the IWC is the conservation of whales and that they would safeguard the marine mammals in perpetuity to allow for the recovery of all whale populations to pre-industrial whaling levels. In response to this, Japan announced that it believed that the IWC had failed in its duty to promote sustainable hunting. It withdrew its membership from the IWC and resumed commercial hunting in its territorial waters in July 2019, but claimed that it would cease whaling activities in the Southern Hemisphere.
The whaling industry in Japan has this year received a subsidy of US $47 million from the government to continue whaling. This controversial decision has been criticised by environmental and conservation NGOs such as the Sea Shepherd, Greenpeace and WWF.
Besides whaling, other threats facing whale populations include overfishing, collisions with ships and interference with their communication systems caused by noise from large ships.
If whales were to return to their pre-whaling numbers of 4- to 5 million (up from 1.3 million today), researchers say they could capture 1.7 billion tonnes of CO2 annually.
Meanwhile, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing rapidly. The levels of CO2 is currently at just over 411 parts per million.
A recognition of the contribution that whales make in the fight against global warming and climate change could be a valuable alternative to high-tech solutions or expensive programmes. Humanity needs to change its attitudes to recognise that all organisms serve an important role in the global ecosystem.
Featured image by: Dr Louis M. Herman
The latest campaign by WWF warns that man-made noise causes chaos in the Arctic marine ecosystem, where whales once thrived for thousands of years safely under the thick sea ice cover. Global warming cracked open the ice shields and let the men enter with their commercial ships, tourist cruises, and fuel exploration vessels. Their unsettling noises damage whales' hearing and impede their communication.
Earth's northernmost waters are never quiet. Every day, the whistles of beluga whales and the grunts of humpbacks compose underwater symphonies in the Arctic Ocean. The natural orchestras that nurture the lives of Arctic whales are now disrupted by invasive and dangerous man-made noise.
Doom of the last acoustic refuge
Scientists once saw the Arctic Ocean as 'the last acoustic refuge' for marine mammals. But that was before the ice started melting exponentially. An analysis of three decades of data by the US National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) reveals that the extent of Arctic sea ice loss in the last four years hit the highest rate ever.
The absence of thick ice prompted maritime traffic in the Arctic waters. In 2017, for the first time, a giant Russian commercial LNG tanker sailed across the northern route from Europe to Asia without the protection of an ice-breaker. The imminent doom of whales' last natural sanctuary thus became obvious.
Currently, the four main trans-Arctic routes of commercial navigation see a steep increase in traffic year by year. In the northern route alone, the Russian government predicts, the cargo turnover would grow tenfold by 2020. WWF warns that Arctic sea traffic will quadruple by 2025.
There is an emerging trend of whale-watching tourism, cruise ships and boats carrying scores of travellers across the arctic waters- Skjálfandi Bay in the northern coast of Iceland draws more than 100 000 tourists every year. Whale-watching boats operate from 8 am to 11 pm all year round.
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The Arctic sea ice extent is declining at a rate of 12.8 percent per decade since 1979 (Photo: National Snow and Ice Data Center)
The deadly noise
WWF explains that marine mammals heavily depend on acoustic information to survive the underwater environment where it's always dark.
Research published in the scientific journal Biology Letters last year by oceanographer Ms. Kate Stafford and her team points out bowhead whales, an endangered Arctic whale species can sing up to 24 hours to attract mates during breeding season. Analysing five years of data Ms. Stafford, Associate Professor at the University of Washington, reveals that bowhead whales make new and diverse songs each year. The round-foreheaded belugas—nicknamed as "the canaries of the sea"– are considered the most vocal among whale species. They use diverse clicks, whistles, and clangs to communicate, navigate and locate food. The humpback whales, on the other hand, compose new tunes each year to mate- like the behavioral pattern of the bowhead whales.
The man-made noise of ships overlaps the vocal frequency of whales and interrupts their communication. It hampers their navigation and cripples their ability to detect dangers. Sounds to them are like eyes to human. Man-made noises mask their senses.
Many whales stop singing when heavy ships pass by. Although some other species like the begulas try to overcome their challenge by changing their vocalisation level, the increasing number ships may soon exhaust them.
Industrial activities such as oil and gas exploration pose a great danger to them. Seismic air guns used for searching fuel deposits generate intense, acoustic impulse signals. The noise is louder than a jet's take-off and can travel over 2,000 miles. Marine mammals experience temporary or permanent hearing loss when they get exposed these air gun blast—just like a human.
A 2017 study highlighted that air gun blasts can double the death rate of zooplankton, jellyfish, shrimps and sea snails. The result is a disturbed oceanic food chain with the whale species, which feed on these small creatures, face starvation.
Humpbacks are known for 'singing' to attract mates. (Photo by Thomas Kelley/Unsplash)
In their campaign, WWF urges the eight Arctic States, including Canada, Norway, Russia, and the US, to take action to stop the noise pollution. Experts have suggested practical solutions to the problem.
One simple step for mitigation is to slow down ships' speed. Belén García Ovide, a Spanish marine biologist, who studied acoustic effects on whales for more than five years, says a boat's speed is the biggest single factor of noise intensity in the ocean. Research published last year in Acoustic Society of America also sees the potentials in reducing acoustic masking by lowering cruise ships' speed from 25 knots to 15 knots (equivalent to about 17 mph to 11.5 mph).
Quiet-ship technology is also an efficient way to deal with the noise. However, WWF points out existing technologies, which are designed to produce quiet military vessels, are either too expensive or unfit for the size of commercial ship engines.
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO), in charge of leading the implementation of ship-quieting technology, drafted a set of voluntary guidelines in 2014. The implementation of these guidelines might yield some positive results. WWF recommends regulations such as limiting vessels' access to port facilities if they cannot meet noise level requirements.


text:
require "spec_helper"

RSpec.describe PgParty::ModelInjector do
  let(:key) { "created_at" }
  let(:model) { Class.new }
  let(:injector) { described_class.new(model, *key) }

  subject(:inject_range_methods) { injector.inject_range_methods }
  subject(:inject_list_methods) { injector.inject_list_methods }
  subject(:inject_hash_methods) { injector.inject_hash_methods }

  before { allow(model).to receive(:extend).and_call_original }

  describe "#inject_range_methods" do
    subject { inject_range_methods }

    context "when key is a string" do
      it "extends range methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::RangeMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_range_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq("created_at") }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(false) }
      end
    end

    context "when key is array" do
      let(:key) { ["created_at", "updated_at"] }

      it "extends range methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::RangeMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_range_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(["created_at", "updated_at"]) }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(false) }
      end
    end

    context "when block is provided" do
      let(:blk) { ->{ "created_at::date" } }

      let(:injector) { described_class.new(model, &blk) }

      it "extends range methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::RangeMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_range_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq("created_at::date") }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(true) }
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#inject_list_methods" do
    subject { inject_list_methods }

    context "when key is a string" do
      it "extends range methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::ListMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_list_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq("created_at") }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(false) }
      end
    end

    context "when key is array" do
      let(:key) { ["created_at", "updated_at"] }

      it "extends list methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::ListMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_list_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(["created_at", "updated_at"]) }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(false) }
      end
    end

    context "when block is provided" do
      let(:blk) { ->{ "created_at::date" } }

      let(:injector) { described_class.new(model, &blk) }

      it "extends list methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::ListMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_list_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq("created_at::date") }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(true) }
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#inject_hash_methods" do
    subject { inject_hash_methods }

    context "when key is a string" do
      it "extends hash methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::HashMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_hash_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq("created_at") }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(false) }
      end
    end

    context "when key is array" do
      let(:key) { ["created_at", "updated_at"] }

      it "extends hash methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::HashMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_hash_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(["created_at", "updated_at"]) }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(false) }
      end
    end

    context "when block is provided" do
      let(:blk) { ->{ "created_at::date" } }

      let(:injector) { described_class.new(model, &blk) }

      it "extends hash methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::HashMethods)
        subject
      end

      it "extends shared methods" do
        expect(model).to receive(:extend).with(PgParty::Model::SharedMethods)
        subject
      end

      describe "model" do
        subject do
          inject_hash_methods
          model
        end

        its(:partition_key) { is_expected.to eq("created_at::date") }
        its(:complex_partition_key) { is_expected.to eq(true) }
      end
    end
  end
end


Each and every year, thousands or even millions of people are searching for an effective treatment that will get them rid of their Angular Cheilitis as soon as possible. In order to see what are the people with high risk of suffering from this disease, it is absolutely necessary to understand what Angular Cheilitis is and how it develops.
Angular Cheilitis is a skin condition which affects the corners of the mouth and the skin from above and below them. In time, the condition can spread so that it can affect the entire area from above and below the lips. In most cases, this condition is due to the fact that saliva and sweat are retained too much time inside some skin folds. This is mainly possible when people are wearing dentures that do not fit well, thus deforming the face and causing folds at the level of the mouth or when one or more teeth are missing and the mouth closes more than necessary. These cases are more common in older people, as they are the one who have most teeth extracted and have to wear dentures. Also, because this condition is also influenced by the amount of vitamins and minerals present in the body, older people are first on the list as their immune system is quite low, many of them having deficiencies in vitamins and minerals.
Another category very affected by Angular Cheilitis is that of children. They are quite sensitive to bacteria and fungi, so they can easily become the victims of this condition, especially if they do not have a diet which can offer them all the nutrients, vitamins and minerals they need for a strong immune system. In addition to that, children have the bad habit of licking their chapped lips which can be a triggering factor of Angular Cheilitis. To prevent such a skin condition make sure that your little one has a balanced diet and that they have a lip balm which they can use in cold weather to moisturize their lips and prevent the apparition of chapped lips.
Adults lacking Vitamin B (Vitamin B2, B3 and B6 especially), iron and zinc are also prone to Angular Cheilitis, but the cases of adults which have contacted this skin condition is much smaller than the number of cases reported for children and old persons.


Luis Jimenez,32, and Jose Lugo, 35 are accused of attempting to rob a couple with machetes while wearing clown masks in Texas City.
TEXAS CITY, Texas - After machetes were pulled on them by men in clown masks, a woman took her children's scooter and defended herself and her husband, according to police.
A man and woman were sitting inside their vehicle in their driveway in the 500 block when two men in a car pulled up alongside them, according to a Texas City police report. A man wearing a clown mask got out of the car, walked up to the driver's side of the couple's vehicle and stuck a machete through the car window. The suspect put the machete to the man's throat, and said, "You gonna give it up, or I'm gonna cut you," according to the report.
A second man in a clown mask approached the passenger-side door, but the woman was able to escape and grab her children's two-wheel scooter. She then started hitting the two suspects with it, the report said.
The two men ran back to their car with the woman still wielding the scooter, hitting their car with it and busting out a window.
Investigators have identified the two suspects as Luis Jimenez, 32, and Jose Lugo, 35. They were placed under arrest, charged with aggravated robbery and later transferred to the Galveston County Jail with bond set at $100,000 each, police said.


Take some pure, raw honey and mix it with some plain water. Apply it all over your hair nicely. You can either keep it for 2 to 3 hours or put on a shower cap and go to the bed to leave it for the whole night. Finally, wash off with some lukewarm water.
Being acidic in nature, white vinegar can work as a lightening agent too. You just need to mix it with pure, raw honey in order to get the right blend. The method of application should be similar to the previous one.
Squeeze out the juice of fresh lemons to get 1 full cup of it. Pour it into a spray bottle and add (1/4) cup of tepid water. Shake well to get your lemon spray. Spritz it onto your hair generously every 30 minutes and try to stay under the sun at least for some time right after the application.
Prepare a concoction by mixing 1 cup of regular salt with 5 cups of plain water. Apply it all over your hair and leave for next 15 minutes. Then, rinse with plain water carefully.
Just like the salt-water rinse, a vinegar-water rinse can also help in making the natural color of our hair lighter. Combine 1 cup of white vinegar with 6 cups of plain water and allow it sit on your hair for 15 minutes. Then, wash off with normal water.
Take a handful of a good herbal conditioner and add 1 tablespoon of fine cinnamon powder to it. Mix well and coat your hair uniformly from roots to the ends with the mixture. Try to leave it overnight by wearing a shower cap. Otherwise, rinse away after 2 to 3 hours.
Prepare a cup of strong chamomile tea by steeping 1 tea bag in 1 cup of boiling water for around 10 minutes. Let it cool down. Then, rinse your hair with it. You can either stay in the sun for drying it up or simply wash it off after 20 to 25 minutes.
Rhubarb (a certain perennial plant) is also known for its great hair lightening properties. Just chop up a couple of rhubarbs and prepare an infusion by boiling them in 2 cups of water. Wash your hair with it after cooling and straining thoroughly. Finally, rinse with plain water.
Make your own homemade hair lightening recipe by blending 1 cup of pure, raw organic honey, 1 tablespoon of olive oil (EVOO or extra virgin olive oil is preferred), 2 cups of distilled vinegar and 1 tablespoon of freshly ground cinnamon together. Dampen your hair and apply it evenly. You have to leave it for the whole night by wearing a shower cap. Next morning, wash off with normal water.
Last but not the least; make a hair lightening henna mix by adding herbal henna powder and chamomile powder 2 tablespoons each to 1 cup of boiling water. Allow the thick paste to cool down and then, cover all your hair with it completely. Do not forget to put on a shower cap. After 2 to 3 hours, remove the cap and rinse your hair with tepid water.


Engineering students led seven winning teams in ASU's 2011 Innovation Challenge, where students compete for funding for entrepreneurial endeavors that focus on innovative ways to help communities on local or global scales—through new product development, business ventures or community service partnerships.
More than 150 teams applied to compete in the 2011 Innovation Challenge. Of the 30 selected as finalists to present their plans to a panel of judges, 11 teams were led by Fulton Engineering students.


text:
A bibliometric analysis of scientific production in the field of lingual orthodontics
Beatriz Tarazona-Alvarez1,
Rut Lucas-Dominguez2,
Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-58083,
Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo2 &
Antonio Vidal-Infer2
The Correction to this article has been published in Head & Face Medicine 2019 15:24
Due to the lack of bibliometric studies in the field of lingual orthodontics in dentistry, the aim of this study was to assess the evolution and current status of activity in this field during the period 1978–2017.
A bibliometric analysis of the scientific articles indexed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded of the Web of Science and in the Scopus® database was performed using the truncated terms "ling* apppli*" or "ling* orthod*" or "ling* bracket*". The types of texts included for analysis were limited to "articles" and "reviews". The following information was extracted from each article identified: title, authors' name(s), institutional affiliation(s), country of origin, journal title, year of publication, type of publication, and number of citations.
A total of 341 articles were identified by 646 different authors, 6.2% were reviews and 93.8% were other types of journal articles. Bibliometric indicators showed a tremendous increase in the rate of publication over time with two peaks in productivity in 1989 and 2013. Fourteen authors and 15 institutional collaboration networks were identified in which European institutions were the most productive. Methodological articles were the most frequent types of research articles (28.1%), followed by case reports/series (17.1%), and narrative reviews (4.7%). Articles providing the highest quality evidence were interventional clinical trials (1.8%) and systematic reviews (0.9%). The remaining articles were non-research papers and were for information purposes only.
Bibliometric indicators point to an irregular increase in the numbers of published works in lingual orthodontics over time. Research output is dominated by methodological articles as a technique-driven subspecialty. Although articles on lingual orthodontics are published mainly in North American journals, lingual orthodontics is largely a European domain.
The increase in demand by adults for orthodontic treatment has been mirrored by an increased availability and demand for aesthetic treatments such as lingual appliances [1]. Despite being available for over 30 years, it is perhaps only over the past decade or so that lingual therapy has entered mainstream practice and become more widely accepted as a viable treatment option for treating most malocclusions, and as a suitable alternative to conventional labial appliances [2]. Clinically improved laboratory techniques have overcome many of the difficulties that a previous generation of orthodontists encountered when they first tried to apply this innovative technique [3]. In addition to the aesthetic advantages of lingual appliances, they have also been shown to reduce the risk of enamel decalcification in comparison with labial brackets and to guarantee high precision in treatment outcomes [4].
Demand has not only increased among adult patients but since the introduction of completely customized lingual appliances, a growing number of adolescents are now being treated with lingual techniques [4].
Bibliometrics is the analysis of a set of literature to show the historical development of subject fields and patterns of authorship, publication, and use. The most common bibliometric indicators are based on the scientific productivity of researchers, organizations, and countries. This usually aims to measure the impact of research published in journals, on the basis of the number of citations a paper receives, regarded as a measure of the paper's importance [5].
In recent years, only three bibliometric studies have been published investigating publication trends in orthodontic research [5,6,7,8] but none of them have specifically investigated the field of lingual orthodontics. The first [7] analyzed the 100 most cited articles in orthodontics from 1975 to 2011; the second [6] explored and compared the publications in three major orthodontic journals over two 5-year periods; the latest [8], identified the most cited articles from 2000 to 2015 based on the h-index. Unlike analyses of other dental specialties such as implant dentistry [9] or oral surgery [10], none of these three studies made a complete and rigorous analysis.
Given the lack of bibliometric studies of research in the specific field of lingual orthodontics, the aim of this study was to assess the evolution and current status of scientific activity in this specific field during the period 1978–2017 through a bibliometric analysis of the scientific articles indexed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded of the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, 1500 Spring Garden St, Philadelphia, United States) and in the Scopus® database (Elsevier B.V. Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands).
The search was conducted in two databases, and aimed to identify the entire body of scientific production in the field of lingual orthodontics: the Science Citation Index-Expanded of the Web of Science (SCI) and the Scopus® database. Both were selected on the basis of their broad thematic and geographic coverage of health sciences.
In the SCI database, the search was conducted employing the terms "ling* apppli*", or "ling* orthod*", or "ling* bracket*" in the topic field, and two inclusion criteria were applied: firstly, only documents denominated as articles or reviews were included; and secondly, and only articles categorized as Medicine, Dentistry, and Oral Surgery were included.
In the Scopus® database, the following search equation was applied containing the same terms used as the SCI: TITLE-ABS-KEY (["ling* apppli*" OR "ling* orthod*" OR "ling* bracket*"]) AND (LIMIT-TO [DOCTYPE, "ar"]) OR (LIMIT-TO [DOCTYPE, "re"]).
The field selected in the Scopus® database (Title, Abstract, Keywords) was equivalent to the field "Topic" in the SCI. In Scopus®, the results were limited to articles and reviews, and only papers about dentistry were included. Non-English papers were excluded.
Both searches were performed in June 2018 and the period covered was defined by the earliest published research in lingual orthodontics in 1978 (first document obtained) to 2017.
The Impact Factor (IF) of each article was calculated to evaluate the impact of the journals in the SCI. The IF is calculated by dividing the number of citations in the Journal Citation Reports database year by the total number of articles published in the two previous years.
The impact of journals in Scopus® was assessed by their rank in the Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) database. The SJR is calculated by indicating the average number of weighted citations received during a selected year per document published in that journal during the previous three years.
The following information was extracted from each article identified: title, authors' name(s), institutional affiliation(s), country of origin, journal title, year of publication, type of publication, and number of citations.
Records were manually refined and normalized to unify terms and to remove typographical, transcription, and/or indexing errors; normalization was completed in the fields "Author," "Organization," and "Country of Origin." Normalization was complicated by the numbers of different entries for a single author. In these cases, the institutional affiliations of the authors were consulted to check whether different entries belonged to the same author. If this information was not available, an Internet search was carried out to eliminate potential error. Normalization of organizations followed the same procedure. Only macro-organizations (i.e., Universities, and research centers) were included, discarding micro-organizations, such as individual departments or research units. When the same organization signed the same work more than once, it was only counted once. The "country" field was also normalized.
Descriptive analysis of variables and crosstables were performed using Microsoft Access database and Excel software (One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052–6399, USA).
The evolution of scientific productivity by authors, organizations, countries and journals was assessed, as well as the frequency of the appearance of keyword categories. Analysis and visualization of large networks were performed using Pajek software [11].
For the determination of the type (observational clinical trials, laboratory studies and case reports or series, reviews, interviews, systematic reviews, informative studies and others) and quality of the study, the content of the articles has been analyzed through the information available in the title and summary. The quality of the studies was assessed on the basis of methodological parameters such as the presence of a control group, the number of patients included, as well as statistical analysis.
The annual evolution of the scientific production is shown in Fig. 1. The 40-year period 1978-2017includes the publication of 341 articles, which were placed in order according to the publication date (Fig. 1). Of 341 selected articles, 316 articles were found in Scopus®, 90 in SCI and 65 were available in both Scopus® and SCI database.
Annual evolution of scientific production from 1978 to 2018 (other types of journal articles in blue and reviews in red). The x-axis indicates year(s) of publication, and the y-axis the total numbers of publications
The selected 341 articles were written by 641 different authors. The average number of author per paper was 3.3. Seventy percent of authors (n = 452) were responsible for a single work, 17% (n = 109) for two works, and the remaining 13% (n = 85) for more than two works. Those authors with more than five publications (n = 17) are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 The most productive authors with more than five published articles appearing in the SCI and Scopus® databases
Based on the Pajek algorithym, 14 author collaboration networks were identified (Fig. 2). The size of the nodes is proportional to the number of articles published by each author. The largest network consists of 12 authors led by Wiechmann Dbeing the most productive author with 32 publications. The same network includes three other notably productive authors: Fillion D, Schwestka-Polly R and Hohoff A. Each of these authors form part of the two most productive networks, linked through Wiechmann D. Twelve of the most productive authors belonged to collaboration networks.
Collaboration networks between authors (defined as more than two collaborations). The size of the nodes is proportional to the number of articles published by each author. Wiechmann D leads the group with the highest level of collaboration
The most productive institutions (n = 25) and their nationalities (which were the same nationalities as all the authors with more than three published works) are shown in Table 2. The Muenster University Hospital is in the first place with 25 articles.
Table 2 The most productive institutions and countries with more than three published articles appearing in the SCI and Scopus® databases
Collaborations between institutions (defined as more than one collaboration between institutions) obtaining a total of 15 collaboration networks are illustrated in Fig. 3. These networks are made up of 450 institutions, the most extensive being led by Muenster University Hospital in collaboration with 13 other institutions, most of them German institutions.
Collaboration networks between institutions (defined as more than one collaboration). The size of the nodes is proportional to the number of articles published by each institution. Muenster University Hospital is located at the core of the most important network
Regarding countries, the most productive countries with more than 20 articles published by national authors were Germany (58 articles), Italy (28 articles), South Korea (28 articles) and United States (23 articles). However, Germany and United Stateswere the two countries participating in the most collaboration works (Fig. 4).
Collaboration networks between countries (defined as more than one collaboration). The size of the nodes is proportional to the number of articles published by each country. Germany followed by the USA are the central countries in the network
The scientific journals with more than one work published according to the SCI and Scopus® databases are shown in Table 3. Both databases (SCI and SJR) complement one another but are not comparable since the number of journals and the means of calculating rankings are different. A distribution in classes (quartiles) may be a convenient way of comparing journal rankings across different databases (Tab. 3).
Table 3 Distribution of journals with more than one published article in JCR (Journal Citation Reports) and SJR (Scimago Journal & Country Rank)
The most cited articles are shown in Table 4. Articles that have received the most citations registered in the SCI and Scopus®, referred to as "hot papers". Kinya Fujita, inventor of the lingual bracket technique, tops the list.
Table 4 Articles with highest numbers of citations registered in the SCI and Scopus® database
A classification of the articles according to the type of study is shown in Table 5. Laboratory studies (methodological articles) are the most frequent type of research paper (28.1%), followed by case reports/series (17.1%), and narrative reviews (4.7%). The highest quality evidence in the field of lingual orthodontics is provided by interventional clinical trials and systematic reviews but these only represent a tiny proportion of all published works: 1.8 and 0.9% respectively.
Table 5 Articles with highest numbers of citations (hot papers) registered in the SCI and Scopus database (The empty cells mean that those articles have not received citations in that database)
To address the nonexistence of bibliometric studies in the field of lingual orthodontics, the aim of this study was to assess the evolution and current status of research activity during the period 1978–2017.
The present study adopted a thorough selection process, applying several search terms ("ling* apppli*" or "ling* orthod*" or "ling* bracket*") and detailed inclusion criteria to identify relevant articles in the SCI and Scopus® databases, which were then ranked by the number of citations received by each one.
Regarding the evolution of scientific production, some dental specialities such as Implantology [5] or Periodontics [10] have undergone increasing growth in the quantity of published research in recent years. But the field of lingual orthodontics (with 341 original studies) has followed a different pattern, with increased production up to the year 1989 followed by a fall. More recently, between 2003 and 2017, research activity has taken off again with 2013 seeing the highest number of published works ever (34 articles). This could be due to the general increased demand for orthodontic treatment by adults, the appearance on the market of new lingual orthodontic systems, and clinically improved laboratory techniques. Review articles remained constant during this period with no increase. Most of the works identified were research articles and were found in the Scopus® database.
Most of the authors published only one work. Of those with more than five published works, Wiechmann D was the most productive and outstanding among the other authors, with a total of 32 published works, double the number published by Fillion D (16 works), in second place. But on the basis of the number of citations received by each article, another different author, Fujita K, is notable for the 41 citations registered in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) database [12] for his 9 works.
As for the number of authors per work, the average was 3.3, a lower average than in other dental specialities such as implantology with an average of 4.66 [9] or periodontics with an average of 5.1 [13] and a much lower average than other medical fields such as cardiology with an average of 10.5 authors per work [14]. Nevertheless, the number of authors per work has increased from an average of 1.6 to 4.2 in recent years, an evolution that corresponds to other medical fields due to the multidisciplinary nature of much recent research activity [15]. One work was found to lack definite authorship, one had ten authors, and 95 works were published just by a single author.
Most institutions; 164, produced only one published work and only 10 institutions published more than five. Regarding the types of institution, most were universities and hospitals, with the exception of one private practice in Bad Essen (Germany) associated with the most productive author, Wiechmann D. European institutions – German and French – head the list, unlike other dental specialities in which most research activity takes place in North American institutions [9, 16].
The most productive authors worked in institutions in 12 different countries. The most productive countries were European, with Germany doubling Italy and South Korea in second and third place. As with the institutions publishing research, contrary to other specialities, USA is not among the three most productive nations.
All the articles included in the present analysis were published in 94 scientific journals indexed in SCI or Scopus® databases, or in both. The three scientific journals with most published works and citations registered in both databases were: The Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics and The Angle Orthodontist, while some articles were published in scientific journals that only appeared in one database. A possible explanation is that these three scientific journals are popular, highly respected journals in orthodontics with a high impact factor that per se can influence the authors' decision about where to publish. Another parameter to be considered is the frequency of publication of orthodontic journals (American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 12 issues per year; The Angle Orthodontist and The Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, 6 issues per year), which increases the amount of content (number of articles) and boosts readership among dentistry professionals.
Not all the articles in our study were published in journals specializing in orthodontics; some were published in journals dealing with other dental specialities such as surgery or esthetic and restorative dentistry with high impact factors as noted by other authors [8].
This reflects the increasingly multidisciplinary nature of treatments involving orthodontics especially in adult patients, and the need to maximize the impact of orthodontic research.
Among the most cited articles or "hot papers," one article by Fujita K [11] published in 1979 stands out with 41 citations in both the SCI and Scopus® databases, unlike other cited articles whose citations do not appear in both databases. The reason for the high number of citations may be because it was published many years ago; obviously older works may have received more citations simply because they have been available for longer. Generally, citations to papers peak in the second, third, or fourth year after publication, but some papers continue to be cited for many years. A few papers can exhibit delayed recognition. Patterns can vary depending on the type of paper, the field, and the findings reported. Papers reporting methods or techniques can gradually increase in citation frequency over several years as the methods diffuse through the community and prove their utility.
The majority of the analyzed articles were primary research articles; mainly, observational clinical studies, laboratory studies and case reports. Only a small percentage of articles corresponded to secondary research articles (reviews, systematic reviews or meta-analyses).
The bibliometric indicators point to an irregular increase in the numbers of published works in lingual orthodontics over time. Research output is dominated by methodological articles as a technique-driven subspecialty. The number of articles is generally lower compared with other dental or medical specialties, which include several research fields.
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Following publication of the original article [1], the author informed
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The authors thank William James Packer, professional English language editor, for translating the manuscript.
The corresponding author states no financial or other relationships with other people or organizations, which may lead to a conflict of interest.
Orthodontics Teaching Unit, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Beatriz Tarazona-Alvarez
UISYS Research Unit (UV-CSIC), Department of History of Science and Information Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Rut Lucas-Dominguez, Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo & Antonio Vidal-Infer
Orthodontics Teaching Unit, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, C/ Gasco Oliag 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo
Rut Lucas-Dominguez
Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
Antonio Vidal-Infer
BT and VP carried out the literature search. BT, VP, RL, AA and AV screened the titles and abstracts and extracted data from full text articles. BT and VP manually refined and normalized data to unify the terms applied to all articles. RL and AV performed data synthesis. AA carried out the statistical analysis and prepared the main part of the manuscript. BT, VP, RL and AV contributed to the analysis, interpretation of data and writing of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and accept accountability for all aspects of the work, declaring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of all parts of the work have been appropriately investigated and reported.
Correspondence to Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo.
Tarazona-Alvarez, B., Lucas-Dominguez, R., Paredes-Gallardo, V. et al. A bibliometric analysis of scientific production in the field of lingual orthodontics. Head Face Med 15, 23 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13005-019-0207-7
Bibliometric