text:
import React from 'react'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
import { Card, CardBody, CardHeader, Progress, Row, Col, Table } from 'reactstrap'
import '../../fa-pulse.css'

const Dashboard = props => {
  const {
    deltaRate,
    numberOfAvailablePaths,
    wsClients,
    providerStatistics,
    uptime
  } = props.serverStatistics || {
    deltaRate: 0,
    numberOfAvailablePaths: 0,
    wsClients: 0,
    providerStatistics: {},
    uptime: ''
  }
  const providerStatus = props.providerStatus || []
  const errorCount = providerStatus.filter(s => s.type === 'error').length
  const uptimeD = Math.floor(uptime / (60*60*24))
  const uptimeH = Math.floor(uptime % (60*60*24) / (60*60))
  const uptimeM = Math.floor(uptime % (60*60) / 60)
  let errors = ''
  if ( errorCount > 0 ) {
    errors = `(${errorCount} errors)`
  }
  return (

      {props.websocketStatus === 'open' && (

          <Card>
            <CardHeader>Stats</CardHeader>
            <CardBody>
              <Row>
                <Col xs='12' md='6'>

                      Total server Signal K throughput (deltas/second)

                    {deltaRate.toFixed(1)}

                      Number of Signal K Paths

                    {numberOfAvailablePaths}

                      Number of WebSocket Clients

                    {wsClients}

                      Uptime

                    {uptimeD} days, {uptimeH} hours, {uptimeM} minutes

                </Col>
                <Col xs='12' md='6'>

                    Connection activity (deltas/second)

                    {Object.keys(providerStatistics || {}).map(providerId => {
                      const providerStats = providerStatistics[providerId]
                      const iconClass =
                        'icon-feed text-primary' +
                        (providerStats.deltaRate > 50
                          ? ' fa-pulse-fast'
                         : providerStats.deltaRate > 0 ? ' fa-pulse' : '')
                      return (

 props.history.push(`/serverConfiguration/connections/${providerId}`)}>

                          {providerIdLink(providerId)}

                            {' '}
                            {providerStats.deltaRate}{' '}

                              ({(
                                providerStats.deltaRate /
                                deltaRate *
                                100
                              ).toFixed(0)}%)

                            <Progress
                              className='progress-xs'
                              color='warning'
                              value={providerStats.deltaRate / deltaRate * 100}
                            />

                      )
                    })}

                </Col>
              </Row>
            </CardBody>
          </Card>

        <Card>
          <CardHeader>Connection & Plugin Status
{errors}
</CardHeader>
          <CardBody>
            <Row>
              <Col xs='12' md='12'>

                  Id
                  Last Error
                  Status

               {providerStatus.map(status => {
               let statusClass
               if ( status.type === 'status' ) {
                 statusClass = 'text-success'
               } else if ( status.type === 'warning' ) {
                 statusClass = 'text-warning'
               } else {
                 statusClass = 'text-danger'
               }
               const lastError = status.lastError && status.lastError != status.message ? status.lastErrorTimeStamp + ': ' + status.lastError : ''
               return (

 {props.history.push(
                   '/serverConfiguration/' +
                   (status.statusType === 'plugin' ? 'plugins/' : 'connections/') +
                   status.id
                   )}}>

                 {status.statusType === 'plugin' ?  pluginNameLink(status.id): providerIdLink(status.id)}

{lastError}

{(status.message || '').substring(0,80)}{status.message.length > 80 ? '...' : ''}

               )
               })}

              </Col>
            </Row>
          </CardBody>
        </Card>

      )}

      {props.websocketStatus === 'closed' && (
        <Card className='border-warning'>
          <CardHeader>Not connected to the server</CardHeader>
        </Card>
      )}

  )
}

function pluginNameLink (id) {
  return ({id})
}

function providerIdLink (id) {
  return ({id})
}

export default connect(({ serverStatistics, websocketStatus, providerStatus }) => ({
  serverStatistics,
  websocketStatus,
  providerStatus
}))(Dashboard)


text:
'use strict';

var exec = require("shelljs").exec;

var COMMAND_PREFIX = "git config";

var configuration = {
  action: function(action) {
    return "-- " + action;
  },
  scope: function(loc) {
    return "--" + loc;
  }
}

var execute = function(command, cb) {
  exec(command, cb);
}

function ConfigGit(opts) {
  if (!(this instanceof ConfigGit))
    return new ConfigGit(opts);

  opts = opts || {};

  this.commands = [COMMAND_PREFIX];

  for (var key in opts) {
    if (opts[key]) {
      this[key] = opts[key];
      var commandParts = configuration[key](opts[key]);
      this.commands.push(commandParts);
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Static Object acts like constant
 */
ConfigGit.Scope = {
  FILE: "file",
  GLOBAL: "global",
  LOCAL: "local",
  SYSTEM: "system"
}

ConfigGit.Action = {
  GET: "--get",
  GET_ALL: "--get-all",
  UNSET: "--unset",
  UNSET_ALL: "--unset-all"
}

/**
 * Read file from given path
 *
 * @api @public
 *
 * @param  {String} path to git config file
 * @param {Function} cb callback to execute after reading file
 *
 */
ConfigGit.prototype.execFile = function(path, cb) {
  if (this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.FILE) {

  } else {
    cb(new Error("mismatch options"))
  }
}

/**
 * Sync file at path
 *
 * @api @public
 *
 * @param  {String} path path of file
 *
 * @return {void}
 */
ConfigGit.prototype.sync = function(path) {

}

/**
 * Get value of given key
 *
 * @api @public
 *
 * @param {String} key config key
 * @param {Function} cb callback to execute after running command
 *
 */
ConfigGit.prototype.get = function get(key, cb) {
  var commandFrag = [];
  if (this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.GLOBAL || this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.SYSTEM ||
    this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.LOCAL) {

    if (typeof key === "function") {
      cb = key
      key = ConfigGit.Action.GET_ALL;
      commandFrag.push(key);
    } else if (typeof key === 'string') {
      commandFrag.push(ConfigGit.Action.GET);
      commandFrag.push(key);
    }

    var shellCommand = this.commands.concat(commandFrag).join(" ");
    const { stdout, stderr, code } = exec(shellCommand, { silent: true });
    const output = stdout.replace("\n", "");
    cb(null, output);
  } else {
    cb(new Error("mismatch scope and name"))
  }
}

/**
 * Set value for given key
 *
 * @api @public
 *
 * @param {String}   key   name
 * @param {String}   value value that need to be set
 * @param {Function} cb    execute after running command
 *
 */
ConfigGit.prototype.set = function set(key, value, cb) {
  var commandFrag = [];

  if (!(typeof key === "string" && typeof value === "string" && typeof cb === "function")) {
    cb(new Error("Wrong argument provided"));
  }

  if (this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.GLOBAL || this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.SYSTEM ||
    this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.LOCAL) {

    commandFrag.push(key);
    commandFrag.push(value);
    var shellCommand = this.commands.concat(commandFrag).join(" ");
    execute(shellCommand, function(err, data) {
      if (err) {
        return cb(err);
      }

      if (data === "") {
        return cb(null, true);
      }

    });
  } else {
    return cb(new Error("mismatch scope and name"))
  }
}

ConfigGit.prototype.unset = function(key, cb) {

  var commandFrag = [];

  if (typeof key === "function") {
    cb = key;
    key = null;
  }

  if (this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.GLOBAL || this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.SYSTEM ||
    this.scope === ConfigGit.Scope.LOCAL) {

    if (key) {
      commandFrag.push(ConfigGit.Action.UNSET);
      commandFrag.push(key);
    } else {
      commandFrag.push(ConfigGit.Action.UNSET_ALL);
    }

    var shellCommand = this.commands.concat(commandFrag).join(" ");
    execute(shellCommand, function(err, data) {
      if (err) {
        cb(err);
      }

      if (data === "") {
        cb(null, true);
      }

    });
  } else {
    cb(new Error("mismatch scope and name"))
  }
}

module.exports = ConfigGit;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Some politicians aren't cerebrally gifted. "I'm not bright," Nelson Rockefeller, former governor of New York, declared in a moment of candour. A new Rockefeller biography recounts how he once came across some thoughts from the theologian Thomas Aquinas that very much impressed him. Mr. Rockefeller asked an aide to try and set up a meeting with him.
Fortunately none of the aforementioned afflictions was common to Sir John A. Macdonald, whose 200th birthday the country has been celebrating. The founder of Canada, it need hardly be said, had vision aplenty. His smarts were evident in his rapier wit. And he didn't act as if he were looking down from a mountaintop.
In an engaging essay to mark the anniversary, Prime Minister Stephen Harper writes that some historians have portrayed Macdonald as an unprincipled horse trader of average intellectual heft. The reality was far from that, says Mr. Harper. A union of such great land mass and diverse peoples couldn't be forged without extraordinary foresight and a deep understanding of constitutional and popular thought.
He saw it then, and if Macdonald reappeared today to assess the project, he'd likely be pleased with what he sees. Canadian unity has seldom been stronger. Regional tensions have withered. The West wanted in. It's in. Quebec appears more content with its federalist status than it has in many decades.
Today's solidarity is evident in spite of the presence of a federal government frequently described as polarizing. The approach is more often confrontational than conciliatory. It's a government that steers way from national programs and national projects. Its leader won't bring together all the premiers. It is a government woefully short of support in the province of Quebec.
That more stresses haven't resulted speaks to the resiliency of the national bond.
Where Macdonald was badly flawed was in his dealings with minorities other than the French, particularly the native peoples. To them, Macdonald, not being able to rise above the prejudices of the day, evinced racist attitudes. Today, of course, aboriginal conditions are still a fault line in the fabric.
But John A's attributes outweighed the frailties. The former are amply are evident in his speeches, which have just been published in a volume by Sarah Gibson and Arthur Milnes. Mr. Milnes is doing much to keep Canadian history alive. He has published the collected speeches of a number of prime ministers as well as a volume of the addresses of American presidents on Canada.
The principles and precepts Macdonald put in place have been strong enough to endure. It's a legacy even someone from the state of Georgia can appreciate.
The Dominion of Canada comprises the whole northern half of the North American continent except the United States territory of Alaska, and Labrador [Labrador was added to Canada in 1949, following the Union of Newfoundland with Canada], a dependency of the colony of Newfoundland. It also includes all the large islands off the coast [including] Newfoundland , and the Arctic archipelago between Davis strait and the 141st meridian.
The main features of the physical geography of Canada are those of the whole continent. The western half of North America , geologically the most recent, is uniform from north to south. A great central plain stretches from the Arctic ocean to the gulf of Mexico, with a very moderate watershed near the southern boundary of Canada . Between the great plain and the Pacific ocean rises a broad mountain belt, the North American Cordillera, unbroken from one end to the other. In Canada the parallel ranges constituting this mountain chain are closer together than they are further south, so that the valleys between are contracted, and the most westerly range is partially submerged, being represented by a fringe of mountainous islands along the coast. In the eastern half of the continent there has been a different process of development. Most of eastern Canada is occupied by what is called the Archaean shield or protaxis, the nucleus of the entire continent, perhaps the oldest land now visible above the oceans. As the name implies, it is a shield-shaped or roughly triangular plateau of very ancient rocks, with a surface highly irregular, in the centre of which a great depression is filled by the waters of Hudson bay. It extends to the Arctic and Atlantic oceans on the north and north-east; its south-eastern edge bounds the valley-plain of the St. Lawrence river and estuary; and its south-western and western limit is marked by a series of great lakes, Huron, Superior, Winnipeg, Athabaska, Great Slave lake, and Great Bear lake, beyond which lies the great plain. A deep cleavage south of the Archaean shield, occupied by the valley of the southern chain of great lakes and their effluent, the St. Lawrence river and estuary, divides the eastern half of the continent, the southern portion having no structural correspondence with the northern. The Appalachian mountain region south of the St. Lawrence valley is, however, represented in Canada by its northern extremity, constituting the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and the Gaspé peninsula in the province of Quebec, but these lie wholly south of the cleft of the St. Lawrence. The great natural divisions of Canada are, therefore, from west to east, the Cordillera or mountain region, the great plain, the Archaean plateau, the valley-plain of the Great lakes and St. Lawrence, and farthest east, the tip of the Appalachian plateau. Another division is constituted by the Arctic archipelago, which is not a part of the Archaean shield, but its structure is not yet fully known. North America , like the other continental masses, has developed its greatest breadth towards the north, becoming narrower further south and tapering almost to a point at the southern extremity. The greatest breadth of the continent is thus found in Canada, where along the 52nd parallel of latitude a continuous land surface, interrupted only by the south end of James bay, extends for about 3,400 miles [5480 km] from the coast of Labrador to that of British Columbia.
Area and Boundaries . The area of the Dominion (as revised on the basis of the results of recent explorations in the north) is 3,684,463 square miles, a figure which may be compared with that of 3,738,395 square miles for the United States and its dependent territories, 3,776,700 for the total area of Europe, 2,974,581 for Australia, 3,275,510 for Brazil, 1,805,332 for India, 121,633 for the area of the British Isles, and 13,355,426 for the British Empire.
The Dominion is bounded on the west by the Pacific ocean and Alaska; on the south by the 49th parallel, the Great lakes, the St. Lawrence river and additional lines set out by the Ashburton Treaty, signed between Great Britain and the United States on August 9, 1842; on the east by the Atlantic ocean, the gulf of St: Lawrence, the territory of the coast of Labrador, and Davis strait. To the north, Canada includes all the lands in the area bounded on the east by a line passing midway between Greenland and Baffin, Devon and Ellesmere islands to the 60th meridian of longitude, following this longitude to the pole. The southernmost point is Middle island in lake Erie, in north latitude 41° 41', while from east to west the Dominion extends from about west longitude 57° - at the southernmost point of the boundary with the coast of Labrador - to west longitude 141°, the boundary with Alaska.
On the north Canada thus stretches to the North Pole. The search for the North West Passage is one of the great stories in the history of exploration, and in the northern archipelago the names of every sound, channel, strait, island and bay recall heroic deeds. Most of them are part of the glory of the British race, but when in 1903-6 the first explorer passed from the Atlantic to the Pacific in a single ship, the deed was that of Amundsen, an heroic Norwegian. The western boundary is on the south the Pacific ocean, but from a little north of the town of Prince Rupert , Canada is cut off from the ocean by the panhandle of Alaska up to mount St. Elias, whence the boundary runs along the meridian of 141° to the Arctic ocean . This is one of the many triumphs in Canada of history over geography. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries Russian fur-traders occupied Alaska and crept steadily down the coast in order to trade with the natives at the heads of the inlets. Thus, when in 1867 the United States bought Alaska from Russia , she took over the best harbours on the northern Pacific.
Climate and Rainfall . Climate, or seasonal variation of heat and cold, is conditioned by two main factors, latitude and distance from warm oceans. The varied relief of the land in mountains, high plateaus, and low-lying plains or valleys, is an additional factor of special importance locally. The northern situation of Canada as a whole implies severe winter cold except where a near-lying ocean may exert a moderating influence. This influence is found along the western coast, where the warm moist air from the north Pacific current sweeps over the whole Cordilleran region, and in the most northern part, where the mountain ranges are lower, even penetrates beyond them as far as the valley of the Mackenzie river. An abundant rainfall accompanies the passage of the warm air, producing rich vegetation on the western slopes of the mountain ranges. The Arctic ocean being largely covered with ice-floes in winter is negligible as a factor in the climate of its coasts, as is also Hudson bay , except for a moderate distance from its shores. On the east the Atlantic along the coast of Labrador is a cold body of water, and has little effect on the climate of the peninsula, but further south the warm current known as the Gulf Stream is not far away from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, and these provinces in consequence have a milder winter than their latitude would imply. The valley of the St. Lawrence is also to some extent affected by the proximity of the Atlantic, and southern Ontario , partly on account of its projection into lower latitudes, partly from the ameliorating influence of the Great lakes which surround it, enjoys a temperate climate without extremes either of heat or cold. All these eastern provinces have an abundant rainfall, sufficient for the growth of fine timber as well as for agriculture. The provinces of the great plain, far from oceans and wholly north of latitude 49°, are subject to extremes of heat in summer and cold in winter. The amount of precipitation, whether snow or rain, is sufficient for agriculture except in the extreme south of Saskatchewan and Alberta , where semi-arid areas are found. But the southern part of the great plain is without trees except along the courses of rivers and streams. Further north in all the three prairie provinces a low growth of soft-wood trees begins, and extends to form a wide belt of northern forest, becoming more stunted as it reaches northward, until it disappears and gives place to the vast tundra, known as the Barren Lands, which stretches to the Arctic coast.
Lack of Unity . From this description it is obvious that much of Canada lies so far to the north that it can never support a large population. The isothermic map shows, however, that along the Peace river and as far north as Great Slave lake the long hot days enable wheat to be grown and farming to be carried on, even though the summer is comparatively short. The total land area of the nine provinces [now 10 provinces] is estimated at 1,309,724,800 acres. Of this total area approximately 358,162,190 acres are fit for agricultural settlement, of which at present about 141,000,000 are occupied.
In a very real sense Canada is an artificial country, bound together by railways. A glance at the map shows how artificial is the frontier between Canada and the United States , and the previous paragraphs show how little natural unity there is between the various parts of the country. In 1891 Canada was described as "four separate projections of the cultivable and habitable part of the continent into Arctic waste . . . . these blocks of territory are not contiguous, but are divided from each other by great barriers of nature" ( Goldwin Smith, Canada and the Canadian question, 1891).
The first settlements which grew up in the valley of the St. Lawrence were French, and formed a nucleus, to which after the American revolution was added a large accretion of Loyalists in Upper Canada (now Ontario ). In the nineteenth century the natural increase, especially of the French, and a considerable immigration, raised the population of this central area to over 2,500,000; but it was cut off from the sea for five months of the year. Confederation in 1867 added Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Of these the former was inhabited mainly by descendants of English and Scotch settlers, the latter by Loyalists. They had harbours open the year around, and the Intercolonial Railway, which unites them to the central core, was deemed to be so important that a promise of its construction was made a part of the British North America Act [now called the Constitution Act, 1867], which gave legal sanction to the federation. But though the railway unites the St. Lawrence basin to the Atlantic, between the Maritime provinces and the settled part of Quebec there still juts up a great area of rock and river and forest, the paradise of sportsmen, but ill-fitted for a resident population.
Sault Ste. Marie, at the junction of lake Superior and lake Huron, marks the limit of western settlement in the St. Lawrence basin, and from here to Winnipeg, a distance of at least 800 miles, there is little settlement in the tumbled rock, lake, and forest of the Canadian Shield, save at the head of lake Superior, where the shipping towns of Port Arthur and Fort William [now Thunder Bay] have grown up to trans-ship the western grain crop. The barrier thrown by the Rocky mountains between the Pacific coast and the prairies is plain to the eye.
Yet to a large extent man has conquered nature. Through these apparent waste stretches oases of settlement have sprung up; here a mining camp; there a fertile patch of land; here the needs of the tourist have attracted permanent settlement. In older countries the railways follow settlement; in North America they precede and allure it. The Intercolonial and the Canadian Pacific Railways bound Canada together. Settlement grew up along them, and their numerous branches. The Canadian National gives also a certain solidity. Canada is now finding the maintenance of her railways a burden; that there was extravagance of construction is certain; but in the main the burden is the price which she pays for her unity.
the Hudson Bay/James Bay basin is in green and the Atlantic basin is in yellow.
A small part of the Prairies is in the basin of the Gulf of Mexico.
As a result of her geological structure, all Canada , save the prairies, is lavishly strewn with lakes of all sizes, from bodies of water hundreds of miles long and a thousand feet deep to ponds lost to sight in the forest. The largest and most thickly strewn lakes occur within five hundred or a thousand miles of Hudson bay , and belong to the Archaean protaxis or project beyond its edges into the Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks which lean against it. The most famous are those of the St. Lawrence system; but many others have from their magnitude the right to be called " Great Lakes ".
Lake Superior (31,810 square miles in area and over 1,000 feet deep) is the largest body of fresh water in the world. Lake Huron has an area of 23,010 square miles; Great Bear lake of 12,200 square miles and Great Slave lake of 11,170 square miles. Within the Archaean protaxis the lakes are of the most varied shapes and sizes, since they represent merely portions of the irregular surface inundated by some morainic dam at the lowest point. They often contain islands, sometimes even thousands in number, as in Georgian bay and Lake of the Woods. Of the rivers the St. Lawrence is 1,900 miles in length, the Nelson 1,600, the Saskatchewan 1,200, the Churchill 1,000, the Mackenzie 2,514, and the Peace 1,054. From one system to another and from one part of one system to another the distances are short, and the watersheds low, and it is usually possible to go by portage. In the early days of Canada, when the fur-trade was one of her great sources of prosperity, the voyageurs [or coureurs de bois] went from Montreal to the Rockies in their canoes, and some of these portages, such as Grand Portage, the gateway from lake Superior to the west and northwest [see the Boundary Waters-Voyageurs Waterways], and Methye Portage from the Churchill and the Saskatchewan to the Mackenzie system, were long famous.
The same geological structure makes Canada peculiarly rich in water-power both in the Laurentian and in the Cordilleran areas, and has greatly aided in her manufacturing development. Coal is found chiefly on the extreme east and west; but the waterways enable it to be carried for long distances; and with this and her water-power she has reached a height of manufacturing development, and therefore of the comforts and complexities of city life, which contrasts very sharply with the Christmas card pictures of "Our Lady of the Snows".
She is thus bound together by waterways and railways, and her northern frontier is the northern fringe of habitable land. Canada in 1867 stopped at lake Huron. In 1869-70 she purchased the vast territories of the Hudson's Bay Company, and in 1871 she was joined by British Columbia. This gave her a frontier on either ocean, but she could still be described as "a bundle of fishing rods tied together at the ends". Since then man has steadily triumphed over nature, and her habitable areas have extended northward till now her populated territory might be described as representing a wasp with its waist at Winnipeg. The aeroplane is supplementing the work of the steam-engine. Mining is being carried on at Great Bear lake, and the surface has only yet been scratched. Year by year new areas yield to man's daring and man's science.
At the same time, it is almost certainly true that had it not been for her history, and more especially for the early French settlements, she would today be part of the United States. The French settlements in and about Quebec and Montreal, which had fallen into British hands in 1763 gave her a nucleus around which the Loyalists could settle twenty years later after the American revolution. Had it not been for the French and the Loyalists the expansion of the United States would have swallowed up British North America, as it did Louisiana, Russian North America, and large slices of Spanish North America. It is true that through the Hudson's Bay Company Great Britain very early had extensive trading interests in the west, and that on at least one occasion she risked for these war with the United States. But certainly had it not been for the early French settlement and the Loyalist accretions, Canada as a nation would not exist as it does today.
Canada/Quebec in 1763 following the Royal Proclamation .
In 1898, a federal law extended the boundaries of Ontario and Quebec northward.
Authorities . The Dominion government publishes yearly the Canada Year Book, which contains over 1,000 pages of maps and statistics, and valuable special articles. It also published in 1915 an Atlas of Canada, which is still valuable, though in parts out of date through the northern development of the country. See also A. P. Coleman and W. A. Parks, Elementary geology, with special relation to Canada (London, 1922); Historical geography of the British colonies, vol. v: Canada, edited by Sir Charles Lucas, especially Part 3, by J. D. Rogers; and L. J. Burpee, An historical atlas of Canada (Toronto, 1927).
Source: William L. GRANT, "Geography", in W. Stewart WALLACE, ed., The Encyclopedia of Canada , Vol. III, Toronto, University Associates of Canada, 1948, 396p., pp. 17-22.. Consult the following for further information: The Geological regions of Canada, International and Interprovincial boundaries, Physical geography of Canada, Territorial evolution of Canada,Maps of the territorial evolution of Canada.


The Islamic Online University's Intensive English Course seeks to make the learning of English globally accessible by utilizing a culturally sensitive approach that enables students to effectively master the fundamental skills of the language.
Since its conception in July 2013, the Intensive English Program has attracted great interest not only among people with Madrasah backgrounds but also among professionals desiring to upgrade their language skills, those who did not have the privilege of attending conventional schools, as well as English-medium senior school graduates wishing to re-sit their WAEC English language exams due to poor grades.
Realizing the disadvantage that the young madrasah goers are in, Dr. Bilal has taken the initiative of providing them with a one year intensive English Language program aimed at establishing a solid base, which the students may build upon to achieve higher goals. This will give them the confidence to rise to the same academic level as their counter parts and have greater opportunities available to them through advanced education and better jobs. This initiative is in accordance with IOU's commitment to 'changing the nation through education' and a testimony to its ongoing efforts.
Copyright © 2013 - 2015 Intensive English Course.


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National Express News and Announcements
National Express Transit Expands Operations To North Dakota
National Express | 4 November, 2017 | News
Bismarck, ND – National Express Transit (NEXT), a leading provider of transit services in North America, will begin operating Bis-Man Transit in November 2017. Bis-Man Transit establishes NEXT's first area of operations in North Dakota.
"We are very much looking forward to beginning operations for this vital transit system," said Judith Crawford, CEO of National Express Transit.
The Bis-Man Transit system will continue to serve the Bismarck, Mandan and Lincoln areas. The system includes six routes and door-to-door paratransit services.
NEXT will be adding state-of-the-art safety technology, including DriveCam and Zonar GPS, to the 29 fixed-route and paratransit vehicles serving the area. DriveCam is a windshield-mounted camera that captures unusual or coachable events in 12-second video clips which are uploaded via wireless network to a database for analysis. Zonar allows operators to conduct daily pre- and post-trip inspections that check cosmetic and safety-related elements to ensure the vehicles are road-ready.
"Safety is our top priority and we are investing in top-of-the-line technologies to keep our passengers and operators safe," Crawford said.
As part of the National Express Group, NEXT brings global transit experience to the region.
"We currently are working to take on operations in November, and are looking forward to a smooth transition," said Mark Foster, vice president of NEXT operations.
Durham School Services, Stock Transportation, Petermann Bus and National Express Transit, make up National Express LLC, headquartered in Lisle, Ill. As a leader in transit and student transportation, National Express is committed to exceptional safety, outstanding customer service and positive employee relations. Our North American companies operate 23,000 buses and serve over 500 partners in 39 states and four provinces.
Student Transportation Leader Durham School Services Experiences Powerful Results with Lytx Driver Safety Program
National Express Transit (NEXT) Renews Seven-Year Paratransit Contract with Pace
National Express Transit Corp Acquires Fox Bus Lines Inc., also known as Silver Fox
Five Customer Service Centers Renewed Prestigious Blue Seal of Excellence Awards and One additional Blue Seal location has been granted
Durham School Services To Donate School Bus to Cabrini Green Legal Aid
NELLC (9)


Can you believe it? It's that time of the year again. Yes, the time for choosing prezzies for your friends and loved ones. Shop early, make a list and buy only what is on the list. Don't do any impulsive buying. Shop early when the stores just open as it is quieter and you can take your time. Here are some of the things I love this Christmas.


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G. WASHINGTON AMORPHOUS SACCHARINE POWDER AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME Original Filed June 7, 1918 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Get. 21 1924.
G. WASHINGTON AMORPHOUS SACCHARINE POWDER AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME Original Filed June 7, 1918 2 Sheets-$heeb 2 @470 a'vwe wtoz @5 74 arrow-m cally comprises certain atented 0a. 21,1924.
s'm'ras GEORGE WASHINGTON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
AMORPHOUS SACGHABINE POWDER AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.
Be it known that I, Gnonen WASHINGTON, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Brooklyn, city of New York, county of Kings, and State of .New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Amorphous Saccharine Powders and Processes of Making Same, of which the following is a. specification.
My invention relates generally to a new form of saccharine matter and more specifiimproved =comounds' therewith containing and preservmg flavoring or stimulating constituents. It forms a division of my prior application Serial No. 238,629, filed June 7 1918.
The foundation of my invention primarily resides in my discovery of the fact that, when a perfect solution of a saccharine substance such as cane sugar is carefully evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness, and under conditions inhibitive of crystallization or granulation, the dried residue will consist of a-homogeneous glass like modification of sugar of peculiar physical structure, possessing quallties and properties not found in any of the different crystalline, granular, powdery or, syrupy forms in which such substances now appear in the arts.
secondarily my invention involves the further discovery that such residue is eminently adapted to serve as a solid vehicle or matrix for the retention and preservation of many otherwise perishable, stimulating, or aromatic flavoring substances, from which the latter can be instantly released by simple solution.
My invention therefore enables me to obtain in a new and improved form old and known products, such as for instance, molasses, glucose, maple sugar, etc. and also by incorporating in syrups of various kinds of sugar various stimulants, or aromatic flavoring substances, such as essential oils of lemon, orange, essence of vanilla, soluble vegetable matter, extracts of tea leaves, roasted coffee beans, roasted coffee substitutes, medicinal plants, various fruit juices, such as lemons, oranges,'grapes, pineapples, raspberries, etc. enables me to obtain a series of new and useful, dry, soluble preparations from which one can instantly prepare, by simple solution, stimulating or refreshing Serial No. 238,829. Divided and this application 1821. Serial Nb. 450,302.
beverages already sweetened, such as tea, coffee, emonade, oran eade, etc.
tity of water-so as to make a nearly butnot quite saturated solution (more water might of course be used but this would merely and unduly prolong the work of evaporation, without in the least affecting the final result). The syrup so prepared is next poured into a vacuum dish or pan which is perfectly clean and free from any sugar dust or sugar crystals, if pure cane sugar or other crystallizable form of saccharine matter is used alone, as otherwise the residue will crystallize or granulate by an automatic propagation of crystallization and the modified amorphous form of sugar will not result.
, The pressure in the vacuum pan is next reduced to about one inch of mercury by a convenient vacuum pump which is arranged to draw the air, and eventually the vapors, from the pan through a cooled condenser.
The pan is then'heated, preferably by hot water or steam of the required temperature, to a carefully regulated degree so as to keep the syrup from boiling to'o violently and perhaps foaming over into the condenser. As is well known, the heat applied to such a mass of syrup cannot raise its temperature to any appreciable amount above any given boiling point as long as there is enough moisture in it for it to .emit bubbles of steam. So long as ebullition continues the temperature of the boiling mass will remain constant, as, in a mass concentrated to any given degree it is in reality regulated by, and depends on the degree of absolute pressure maintained over the boiling syrup in the pan. Thus, for a pressure corresponding to one inch of mercury the boiling temperature is about 77 F. As the mass keeps on boiling and the water keeps on evaporating the syrup will. thicken and become less and less plastic while the emission of steam bubbles will become less and lessfrequent and more difficult. Final- 1 bubbles will only form as a result of a slight local super-heating of the mass, which at the superheated point will somewhat soften so that the issuing steam will swell out a bubble that eventually will no longer burst or break. On the contrary, owing to the cooling effect of evaporation and expansion, the walls of this ubble will at once harden and become self-sustaining. Meanwhile other spots in the mass will also locally super-heat, soften, pufi" up, cool off and harden, and so on until the whole residue has become a foamlike mass of bubbles, which, though at first soft or slightly plastic owing to the retention of some residual moisture, will soon become hard and finally brittle through continued drying and final cooling. When this result is reached the process will be terminated and the vacuum may be broken.
The result of the operation just described will be a foamlike mass of desiccated bubble walls consisting of a homogeneous modification of cane sugar similar to the sugary mass which is obtained by suddenly cooling molten or fused cane sugar and which is commonly known as barley sugar. It is here to be noted that although I believe that both of the homogeneous sugars just mentioned are similar if not identical in their chemical compositions, their physical forms are vastly different, as one consists of exceedingly fine pellicular walls which may be broken, lightly crushed and sifted into a loose, light, curvy lamular, snow-white powder, which has not been aifected in any way by caramelization or other results of heat, whereas the other consists of a dense, glassy, amber colored mass, at least partially caramelized and otherwise affected by the high temperature necessary in its production. Moreover, the essential thing for the production of the one is moisture and boiling at low temperature, while for the other, it is freedom from moisture and fusion at relatively very high temperature.
It will therefore be realized at once that if one is adapted to receive and hold as in a matrix, delicate flavors and aromatic substances easily destroyed by heat, the other is utterly useless for the same purpose; furthermore that, while the loose, fluffy pellicular powder obtained from the one is eminently adapted to instant solution in water without tendency to cake or pack in doing so, the powder obtained by pulverizing the other will of necessity be dense and compact and correspondingly hard to dissolve, and liable to packing or caking in the dissolving process.
and also that, as a result of their shapes, there is always a large percentage of voids in a given mass of them, through which voids the solvent fluid may pass easily and rapidly to immediate contact with the extensive surfaces of the particles.
A further advantage of my process is that it permits the production of homogeneous mixtures of various sugars which could not otherwise be obtained, such, for instance as a mixture of sucrose and fructose. Evidently this would be impossible to accomplish by heat, as the one fuses at 180 C. and the other at 90 C., and the fructose would caramelize before the fusing temperature of the sucrose could be attained.
As an illustration of this fact I may point out that by my process maple juice can be obtained as dry, snow-white preparations, perfectlyfree from caramelization or the results of heat, while, as is well known, whole maple sugar as obtained under present methods of production is a brown, partially caramelized product.
It is apparent also that, in the case of pure glucose, or of any other form of sugar or saccharine substance or compound which similarly occurs commercially in a solid, sticky, somewhat slowly soluble mass which is inconvenient to handle the transformation thereof into the dry, quickly soluble, flaky powder by my invention constitutes an important practical step in advance in the art.
For the purpose of elucidation it may be well to further state that while preparing modified sugar as above described, though it is desirable, it is not essential, for the purpose of obtaining the foam-like residue, to carry on evaporation and desiccation under as high a vacuum and at as low a temperature as above stated. On the contrary it is only essential that the temperature shall not rise during desiccation to a point where the product under preparation would suffer deterioration, or at which the dried mass might sufliciently soften and fuse so as to destroy the self supporting quality necessary to the structure of the residue.
I have found that during the desiccation of a sugary mass as above described, formation and desiccation of bubbles proceeds from the heated surface gradually towards the upper free surface of the mass, and as it is evident that after a layer of bubbles has been built up between the heating surface and the rest of the mass to be desiccated, it will act as a very eflicient insulator, the further transmission of heat to the remaining mass will thereafter go on very gradually.
Consequently, if the mass being treated is ofany considerable thickness the time necessary for complete desiccation will be greatly extended. For this reason I have found it til) essential in eficient practice to resort for desiccating purposes to.a class of'apparatus of relatively large heating surface, adapted to handle thin layers of mass for desiccation. In practice I have also found it preferable to cool the foamy residue before taking it off from the drying surface, as this renders it generally hard and brittle and much easier of removal.
I have further found that when the mass treated as above described consists of purely saccharine substances the general size of the bubbles and the thickness of the bubble Walls depends on the thickness of the layer applied to the heating surface and that the bubbles are smaller and their walls thinner in proportion as the layer to be dried is thinner.
I have also found that the formation of bubbles is not affected by the addition or incorporation with the syrup of a solution of certain soluble extracts such as extract of tea leaves, roasted cofi'e beans, etc., nor seemingly is the bubble formation of a saccharine residue affected by the presence therein of fat globules such as butter fat or cocoa butter, in small amounts.
1 have further discovered that saccharine solutions, and especially concentrated syrups, containing volatile aromaticprinciples such as vanilla, lemon oil, essence of raspberries, etc., may be concentrated and desiccated into said foamlike residue without practically any loss of such volatile aromatic principles. The reason for this is that most of such volatile aromatic principles consist of essential Oils and these form oleo-saccharme com pounds whose vapor pressures at low temperature are nil or very much reduced, especially in concentrated solutions, and consequently stand desiccation without deterioration or loss of said volatile principles by evaporation. However, if the form of saccharine matter employed is one that easily crystallizes, such ascane sugar, and if from lack of proper care the mass crystallizes or granulates during desiccation, then the oleosaccharine compound will break up in sugar crystals or grains and the essential oils or aromatic principles will evaporate and disap ear.
Vhen a saccharine solution or syrup in combination with aromatic principles, and for that matter with perishable matter such as milk solids, is'desiccated into such foamlike mass, the homogeneous sugar has a decided preservative action upon said perishable matter, inasmuch as it serves thepurpose of a solid vehicle and acts as a matrix in which are hermetically sealed the particles that would lie open to the deteriorating influences of the atmosphere.
I have further discovered that in order to' obtain a homogeneous sugar or homogeneous sugar preparation from a'crystalhzable sugar suc as cane sugar, 1t 18 absolutely escharactcrs indicate like parts.
sential that all the sugar be brought in va perfect state of solution before concentration and desiccation are proceeded with, because crystallization or granulation, whenever possible, will always be produced in preference to the homogeneous sugar modification, and a single seed crystal is sufficient to start the action, which is exothermic or heat giving, whereas homogeneous desiccation is endothermic or heat absorbing. In connection with this I have found that certain noncrystallizable saccharine matters, such as glucose, have an inhibitive effect upon the crystallizing propensities of crystallizable saccharine matter so that it is often advisable to use various saccharine matters in combination, the non-crystallizing component or components then exerting a useful restraining efiect on the crystallizing tendencies of theother component or components. If a sufficient proportion of commercial glucose be used, say enough to constitute about of the saccharine constituents, the restraining effect on the tendency of the other saccharine matter to crystallize-is so great that a certain quantity of the dry particles of one batch may be allowed to stay in the apparatus and mix with the syrup being evaporated to form the next batch without the crystallization which would otherwise occur if pure cane sugar, or other crystallizable form of saccharine matter, were used alone and exposed to the action of such carried-over dry particles.
I am aware that the ability of sugar to retain and preserve to a greater or less extent the fiavor and substance of certain food products and beverages has long been well known, and that the use of sugar in the form of syrups for this purpose has long been eonnnon practice, as in the making of jams and preserves, but, so far as known to me, all previous efforts to manufacture ,a dry form of sugar, either alone or in food preserving combinations, have resulted in the production of the crystalline form of sugar or barley sugar, and these simply will not serve for reasons above given.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
'lhroughout the drawings like reference 1 is a horizontal, hollow cylinder, which may be made of metal with a glass or enameledlining and provided at one end with a permanent cap 2, and at the other with a removable end plate or cover 10, held by bolts 9, 9, to a.
bearing ring 8. fast on that end of the cylinder. The joint between cylinder end and cover may be made air-tight by a gasket 11. This cylinder or retort 1 is journaled on a horizontal axis, as by trunnion 3 on cap 2 revolving in header 6, and bearing ring 8 revolving in the opposite header 13. Headers 6 and 13 are spaced apart by tubes 17, 17, and held against the ends of said tubes by rods 15, 15, threaded at their ends and provided with external nuts 16, 16. The headers also support a shell 14 surrounding the retort 1, and forming a jacket or casing therefor. One of the pipes 17 is connected to a heating pipe 21 which delivers a fluid heating medium such as steam controlled by a valve 19. Another supplies a cooling medium, such as cold water, delivered through a pipe 22, controlled by a valve 18. These two pipes 17, 17 connected respectively to pipes 21 and 22 have perforations 23-so located that jets of the contained fluids are discharged against the exterior surface of retort 1. The waste water and condensed steam are trapped oil through trap 20 at the bottom of the jacket or casing formed by headers 6 and 13 and plates 14.
Q the exterior of trunnion'3.
Retort 1 may be rotated by pulley 7- on This trunnion is centrally bored and receives pipe 5, with which it makes an air-tight joint by means of stuffing box 4. Similarly, cover plate 10 is centrally bored to receive pipe 12 controlled by valve 24. This pipe 24 may conveniently be connected to a hose 25 which leads from any suitable reservoir 26, Pipe 5 extends to a suction pump 27 passing through any suitable cooling device such as a receptacle 28 for cracked ice, in the interior of which said pipe 5 is coiled to give a large radiating surface and serve as a condenser of vapors drawn from the retort 1.
The foregoing apparatus forms a convenient device for concentrating and desiccating any proper solution placed in reservoir 26 into the desired mass of bubble walls with glassy walls hereinbefore described. A partial vacuum being formed in retort 1, by operating pump 27, and valve 24 being opened, a proper quantity of the solution in reservoir 1 is sucked into the retort, and, on closing valve 24, the retort is set in rotation by means of pulley 7. Steam is then admitted through pipe 21, and the steam jets impinging on the revolving retort heat it to the desired temperature to produce the concentration and ultimate desiccation of the contents, the vapors liberated by ebullition of the solution being drawn 05 by the pump through the condensers. The steam is then shut ofi', the retort and contents cooled by the jets of water admitted through pipe 22, the vacuum broken and the desiccated contents scraped from the interior walls of the retort after cover 10 has been removed.
As an example of the process followed in producing, according to my, invention, a powder from a solution of sugar and lemon juice, I may take 25 pounds of the fresh juice extracted from lemons and thoroughly mix with a perfect solution of 10 pounds of granulated sugar, and, on this being sucked into the retort 1, rotate the same at the rate of about 30 revolutions a minute. The steam supplied through perforations 23 in the pipe 17 connected to pipe 21 is so regulated that the temperature of retort 1 does not rise above 40 degrees centigrade, when the pump 27 is operated at a speed that will maintain a vacuum in the retort of about 1 millimeter absolute pressure under existing conditions. As the solution boils oil and concentrates under these conditions, it begins to adhere to the walls of the revolving retort and is thereby ultimately spread over the interior of the retort inv an evenly distributed layer which begins to pufi up'into the mass of bubbles with glass-like walls hereinbefore described. The mass is ultimately, in about 4 hours, desiccated in a layer of such superposed bubbles 3 or 4 inches thick.
The steam is then shut 011' and cold water admitted through pipe 22, and sprayed on the retort. Then the vacuum is broken and cover 10 removed, the desiccated mass scraped out and crushed to the proper fineness to form the powder of pellicular character which, on being redissolved at any time by addition of the proper quantity of water, will produce lemonade having all the flavor and other characteristics which it would have possessed if made by properly diluting the original fruit juice and sugar solution above described.
Upon repeating the above described operation it is advisable to first admit a small quantity of water to the retort and to re volve the same to make sure that any particles remaining from the precedin batch are completely dissolved, or to ma e sure that the sugar and fruit juice admitted is an unsaturated solution which will similarly dissolve the left-over particles. Either procedure will prevent such left-over articles from starting the process of crysta lization when the concentrating of the second batch begins.
When soluble solid matter, such as cofi'ee extract, is used with the sugar, the soluble extract takes the place of practically an equal amount of sugar so far as aiding in the bubble formation is concerned. In other words, the uality of forming the glassy bubble walls erein described is not a property possessed by sugar alone, but is characteristic of certain other soluble materials. If such a material, such as coffee extract, is used with the sugar the bubbles will form properly even if the insoluble matter present (such as milk solids or chocolate) is more than one third of the Weight of the sugar, so long as such insoluble matter is less than thirty-five per cent of the total weight of the sugar, the soluble cofi'ee extract, and the insoluble matter (milk solids) combined.
To state the proposition in another way I may say that so long as the total soluble matter, (saccharine or other soluble materials) constitutes sixty-five per cent or more of the total solids (both soluble and insoluble) the proper bubble formation will occur.
I have further found, as before stated, that in case a given mixture containing enough cane sugar to be fiuffy and soluble may prove too sweet, resort may be had to a sugar of less sweetening capacity, such as grape sugar or glucose, which may be used wholly or partially as a substitute without in any Way impairing the other qualities of the preparation so long as the total amount of sugars and auxiliary soluble matter bears the proper relation to total amount of the insoluble materials of the mixture.
I hai e further discovered, as before suggested, that it is sometimes diflicult to obtain the residue in the foamlike mass described because when the concentration has proceeded to a certain point the residue suddenly granulates or crystallizes and the resulting dry product will then yield upon solution only a beverage that will be flat and devoid of the volatile and aromatic principles of the flavoring material used. This tendency of this residue to granulate or crystallize is generally due to the incomplete solution of the su ar before evaporation is begun, or is cause by any undissolved residue remaining in the vacuum dryer from a prior drying operation. I have also found that if the sugar in the mixture comprises from er cent to per cent of commercial g ucose, the inhibitive properties of the latter will generally be sufiicient to pre vent any such granulation, even under a moderate occurrence of the above described conditions. This I believe to be due to the action of the dextrine which usually occurs in commercial glucose. Probably other gums than dextrine might have the same beneficial effect in properly regulated quantities.
Various changes evidently could be made in the exact steps of procedure herein described, and in the materials employed, without departing from the substance of my invention so long as the principles of operation and general characteristics herein outlined are retained.
1. As a new article of manufacture, a powder composed of small, thin, readily soluble amorphous pellicles of saccharine matter having glassy walls.
2. The process of forming an amorphous powder of saccharine matter which comprises evaporating a comparatively thin layer of a )erfect aqueous solution of such matter an desiccating the solid residue thereof at a sub-atmospheric pressure and at a temperature below that of fusion of the materials, whereby said residue is transformed into a foamlike mass of bubbles, and then crushing the dry walls of such bubbles.
3. The process of forming an amorphous powder of saccharine matter which comprises evaporating a perfect aqueous solution of such matter and desiccating the solid residue thereof at sub-atmospheric pressure and at a temperature below that of fusion of the materials, whereby said residue is transformed into a foamlike mass of bubbles, and then crushing the dry walls of L such bubbles.
4. The process of forming an intimate but soluble mixture of saccharine materials having different fusion points which comprises producing a perfect aqueous solution of the materials, and evaporating such solution at sub-atmospheric pressure and at a temperature below the lowest fusion point of any of said materials until the solid constituents thereof are transformed into a foamlike mass of desiccated bubble walls.
W. 'H. LEONARD, EDWARD BARRY.
EP0190202A4 (en) 1987-01-22 Solid essential oil flavor composition and method of manufacture.


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Home » Mexico City: "The Negative Hand" at Anonymous Gallery Through August 28th, 2015
« New York: Jean-Michel Basquiat: "The Unknown Notebooks" at The Brooklyn Museum Through August 23rd, 2015
New York – John Singer Sargent: Portraits of Artists and Friends at the Met Through October 4th, 2015 »
Mexico City: "The Negative Hand" at Anonymous Gallery Through August 28th, 2015
Sofia Leiby, An excuse is a polite rejection (after JW) (2014), via Anonymous Gallery
There's a telling line in the press release for The Negative Hand, a presentation of new works at Mexico City's Anonymous Gallery, reflecting on the cave paintings as Lascaux: "by defining themselves, artists often define the systems around them as well, and inversely, by defining the systems around them, artist begin to define themselves." It's an open-ended prompt, but one that feels particularly resonant in 2015: embracing the aesthetic fusions and detritus of modernity as equally worthy of examination and re-creation as any singular subject.
Andrew Birk, Alien (Iztapalapa), (2015), via Anonymous Gallery
The result of that open-ended focus is a show that sets few limits in terms of the potential for gesture and subject, and moves outwards from that point to examine multi-faceted approaches to painting and drawing that incorporate diverse styles and hybridized techniques. Taking the gestural mark as an open-ended format and carrier of meaning, the artists on view seem intent on working towards a new possibility for the canvas's surface, somewhere between open-ended deconstruction, stylistic agglomerations, and colloquial linguistics.
Ross Simonini, Anxiety Napkin (2013), via Anonymous Gallery
There's any number of highlights here, from artist Josh Reames's acrylic compositions that pull from what seem to be cast-off digital collages and cartoonish notebook sketches, to Jennie Jieun Lee's glazed stoneware, which boasts slurs of paint and colliding textures to great effect. Elsewhere, artist Andrew Birk's Alien (Iztapalapa) marks a refined take on the artist's dense palimpsests, layering brusque text and abstract markings over his stripped surfaces. The dissonance of surface and motive, language and technique in each work seems to imply a wealth of vantage points, where the free abstraction of the painter's hand works in tandem with their own embellishments of material and process. In Sofia Leiby's work, for example, a flurry of color often serves as the ground for skeletal cubist compositions and loose, flowing chalk pastels, an opposition of stylistic endeavors that feels notably comfortable with its fluid, shifting execution.
Josh Reames, Mystics (2015), via Anonymous Gallery
Taken against the backdrop of an era some have deemed painting's endgame, The Negative Hand feels like something of a new ground zero, a point at which the much bemoaned formalism of recent years folds in on itself and starts moving back outwards from a central point. Taking the variations of gestural action, cartoonish inflection or technical aberration as a point of departure for their work, the perspectives on view at Anonymous feel decidedly refreshing in the face of a certain 20th century fatalism.
The Negative Hand closes on August 29th.
Jenne Jieun Lee, And the problem with that is? (2015), via Anonymous Gallery
Michael Berryhill, Hairmet (2014), via Anonymous Gallery
The Negative Hand [Anonymous Gallery]
This entry was posted on Monday, August 17th, 2015 at 12:00 am	and is filed under Art News, Featured Post, Show. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Articles include Dom Gill's tandem adventures, regular article My Beautiful Bike written by John McFaul and a great article on the guys at Brother Cycles and even some fictional storytelling, bike poetry and much more!
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Online music magazine based in Copenhagen, Denmark
LIVE REVIEW: Marissa Nadler, Lille Vega, 08.06.2016
Published on June 9, 2016 in Live Reviews by Here Today
We've all been to the half-full show where the artist on stage begs everyone to come a little closer to the stage. If they're very engaging, people come forward; if they're not, the audience stays where they are and everyone feels awkward.
Marissa Nadler does not play these games. Instead she walks on stage at Lille Vega alone, picks up her guitar, and begins playing "Drive." The audience immediately gravitates towards her.
There's an uncommon amount of competition for musicians that night. Marissa's audience have elected to see her instead of Muse or the Melvins who both have sold out shows nearby. This small crowd is dedicated; one person even corrects her about what album "Dying Breed" is on. It's not surprising that they're attention is rapt, nor to see them gently swaying as she sings. Even if you're a newcomer to Marissa's music, something about it makes you feel peaceful.
Her solo songs, all played on a semi-hollow electric — no acoustics, no 12 strings — highlight her voice more. To listen to her in this setting is to hear her voice as a separate entity from everything else happening. It floats not only over the music but over everyone else in the room. It's the very evocation of "haunting."
After a few songs she brings out her band, two of whom are openers Wrekmeister Harmonies (and highly recommended for lovers of vaguely droning rock songs and rich vocal harmonies). This portion of her set focuses on her new album, Strangers, released last month. Marisa's voice melts into these arrangements, with guitar and viola or electric piano ready to swallow it up. It feels like a departure, and it's only a small part of her set, but she proves that she can bring the same depth as when she's on her own.
After this interlude she's solo again, and focusing on older songs, because, as she said of Strangers, "a lot of you don't know it yet, right?" She ends her main set with a cover of "Tecumseh Valley" by Townes van Zandt — which in her hands sounds as much a part of her catalogue as her own songs — and plays Leonard Cohen's "Famous Blue Raincoat" for her final song of the night because she "came all the way to Denmark for one show [and had] to make it worth it." It was worth it.
If you don't really know Strangers yet or missed out on Marissa, never fear, she's got plans to return to Copenhagen this year. No matter what else is happening, you've no excuse to make other plans.
Tags: featuredLille Vegamarissa nadler
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Below are my notes from Sunday morning on Revelation 5:8-14. I have titled the post 'worship in heaven' because so much of the scene is set around the worship of God. Enjoy!
5:8 And when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each holding a harp, and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints.
Here the prayers of the saints are represented as incense in golden bowls, later we'll read that the saints are made priests to our God. The chapter, and indeed looking back to the first chapter (1:5, 6), is replete with this imagery of Christians as priests. The incense being offered in golden bowls is part of that picture, which we'll come back to in a moment.
Another interesting thing to note is that unlike the Catholics, we don't believe that the word 'saint' carries any special designation other than belonging to God as one of His children. Indeed, to be a 'Christian' is to be a 'saint.' We see that throughout the Scriptures, nevermoreso than here in Revelation, where we read that the prayers in heaven are represented as incense in golden bowls, as it were.
Nor is this unique to this passage as Ladd points out throughout the book of Revelation, Christians are referred to as saints (among other titles) and unbelievers are generally referred to as earth-dwellers.
This is what is bound up in the substitutionary atonement of Jesus; he took our place and paid the penalty of our sin.
That is the picture of the spotless lamb that we see here. Jesus, though without sin, took our place on the altar outside the city.
When we look at verse 10 we know that the purpose for which we have been ransomed is to be made a kingdom and priests to our God. This is nothing short of an amazing promise. Have you ever wondered what the purpose of your life is? Have you ever wondered why it is that God saved you? In these verses we find the answers to those questions.
As I've mentioned before, Revelation is a series of scenes (sometimes the same scene) recapitulated from different perspectives. Each section of the book gives fresh incite into the work of Jesus and his plan for the church.
Because of the greatness of the destiny of Jesus, and because of the fact that you have been united through his death with Him (Rom. 6), you therefore have a great destiny just as he does. This will come to light as we explore some more.
Now, Beale makes the connection that what we're witnessing here is nothing less than the coronation of Jesus after his resurrection.
The idea of believers being priests was not always something accepted throughout church history. It is a doctrine that the reformers had to recover in the Reformation. It was told to the average serf that he had no right to come before God except through the intermediary of a priest. Nor did he have the mind or right to interpret the scriptures for himself. Not so according to the scripture, however, as we have seen so clearly here.
These ideas in Revelation have the motif of Exodus in mind, but they also have the worldwide implications of Daniel in mind as well.
What he is saying is that just as God drew the people out of Israel to be a light to the world, to rule over Canaan and to show the world what it was like to be in a right relation with God, serving Him as priests, so we too are drawn out of slavery (to sin and Satan – Eph.2) to serve God. It is the slain Passover lamb that frees us and leads us in exodus to a new land.
We are not simply saved from something; we are saved for something. And that is why John picks up on the Danielic language of universality.
God isn't just satisfied to have a people serving Him in a small strip of land in the Middle East; instead he's redeeming a people from all over the world, to rule over the world.
The scene in Revelation 20 is similar to the scene we find here. The emphasis in chapter 20 is on the reign of the saints with their Lord after the victorious cross work of Jesus. He has made them alive through the new birth, and they are reigning with him for "1000 years", the time between the two advents of Christ. The emphasis in chapter 5 is on the atonement specifically, though all the same themes are found here.
5:11-14 Then I looked, and I heard around the throne and the living creatures and the elders the voice of many angels, numbering myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands,  saying with a loud voice, "Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing!"  And I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea, and all that is in them, saying, "To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might forever and ever!"  And the four living creatures said, "Amen!" and the elders fell down and worshiped.
The praise of the Lamb moves out in concentric circles, as it were, from the Cherubim (the four living creatures), to the elders (the universal church's representation), myriads of angels, and finally ever creature in heaven and earth.
The picture is clear: all the earth will bow before the Lamb.
And the specific focus of His worthiness in this chapter is not simply due to his deity, but due to his work of atonement (hence the slain lamb who "takes away the sins of the world" John 1).
I have briefly mentioned this in prior lessons, but I want to talk here about the nature of what they are saying. Worship, as I mentioned before, is more than just an experience or an "encounter with God." Worship has content. It is ascribing to God the truth of who He is.
So, in worship we have both content and a heart which must be right before God. Having the right attitude as well as the right doctrine is important. Worship isn't simply an emotional encounter with your own feelings during the music on a Sunday morning. It is the combination of a heart that has been changed by God, realizing all that He has done for us in Christ, and pouring out of that heart in words of truth (content) to Him. Worship certainly involves the emotions because it involves the totality of who we are as living sacrifices. Therefore, it is not less than an emotion that we experience, but it certainly is more.
What is it that drives us to worship? It is the truth behind these images that Christ has died for our sins so that we might live forever. It is that he became a bloody sacrifice so that we might escape hell and eternal pain.
[iii] Anselm of Canterbury, Cur Deus Homo, Book Two, Chapter 18 (modernized English).
[iv] Beale, longer commentary, Pg. 362.
[v] In my mind's eye I picture the session of Jesus with all the resulting pomp and ceremony entailed therein, while on earth Steven (the first martyr) looks up into heaven and sees Jesus standing before the Father in authority as the one who has conquered death and risen to eternal life and rule over all the universe.
[vii] The word that corresponds with "reign" here is difficult in terms of determining whether it's in the present tense or whether it's in the future tense. Beale really works through some of the options here pretty intensely (no pun intended) and says that given the context, it is best to think of this as being in the present tense. I think he's correct – the context especially demands it.
[viii] That is not to say that the iron rod imagery is symbolic simply of subduing the nations via only the spread of the gospel, but also entails end time judgment and the nations which will face their maker, Jesus Christ, upon His second advent. As we share in our reign with him, we subdue the Earth, which was the creation mandate given to Adam, who presumable was to gradually subdue all the Earth, not just Eden, the temple sanctuary of God. So we now subdue the earth, first through the spread of the gospel and the intercessory prayers we offer God but later upon his return, Jesus will put all things under his feet, not simply spiritually speaking but physically as well.
[ix] Stephen Dempster's book 'Dominion and Dynasty' picks up on this a little.
[x] Beale, shorter commentary, Pg. 118.
[xi] Ambrose of Milan, as quoted from ''The Story of Christianity, Justo Gonzales, Pg. 221.


In 2014 I was invited to perform at a residency commemorating the re-opening of Manchester Central Library. I wrote a piece in five movements for voice, piano and string trio and called it "DEREVAUN SERAUN". Each movement is written about a different piece of literature, exploring the value I see in each work and the impression it has made on me, and there is nothing more to it than that. The pleasure of books – of good verse and stories and ideas – is a very simple thing, and I felt that some lofty unifying theme for the entire piece would be a betrayal of that belief.
I think that when a work resonates with you it is an instinctive response to something. You can be taught to understand a challenging book, but not to feel affection for it; I think a lot of conversation around art, especially around literature, sometimes forgets this.
In my experience, the art I like the most, irrespective of its 'difficulty', is the art I can advocate most directly and plainly, and about which I can say: "I read this piece and now I do not read or think in the same way that I did before", or: "This is a story that I could not explain to someone; I do not understand it word-for-word, yet I feel like innately I understand the whole, and that the whole spoke to me". This is a piece about five books that I like and why I like them.


text:
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',
        'Summernote @@VERSION@@ · ',
        'Project · ',
        'Issues',
      '
',
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    this.$dialog = this.ui.dialog({
      title: this.lang.options.help,
      fade: this.options.dialogsFade,
      body: this.createShortcutList(),
      footer: body,
      callback: ($node) => {
        $node.find('.modal-body,.note-modal-body').css({
          'max-height': 300,
          'overflow': 'scroll',
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  createShortcutList() {
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    return Object.keys(keyMap).map((key) => {
      const command = keyMap[key];
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');
      $row.append($('' + key + '</kdb>').css({
        'width': 180,
        'margin-right': 10,
      })).append($('').html(this.context.memo('help.' + command) || command));
      return $row.html();
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  }

  /**
   * show help dialog
   *
   * @return {Promise}
   */
  showHelpDialog() {
    return $.Deferred((deferred) => {
      this.ui.onDialogShown(this.$dialog, () => {
        this.context.triggerEvent('dialog.shown');
        deferred.resolve();
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      this.ui.showDialog(this.$dialog);
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  show() {
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text:
A brief History of the Moravians
The town of Moravian Falls is located in the heart of Wilkes County, North Carolina, and sits at an elevation of 1,192 feet. Deriving its name from its 35 foot waterfall and the Moravian brothers who settled here in 1753, Moravian Falls is the perfect setting for your mountain vacation.
These pilgrims originally came from Bohemia and Monrovia, neighboring provinces in what is now the Czech republic. Half a century ahead of Martin Luther's Reformation movement, the Moravians were branded as heretics. Yet they grew; by the time Luther, in 1517, there were 400 Moravian congregations scattered through Moravia, Bohemia and Saxony. Persecution continued, however, until early in the 17th century, many Moravians left Bohemia; they were forced underground and many of their former buildings and homes were burned and destroyed.
Fianlly, in the 1700s, a home was found when Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf offerd a settlement on his estate near Berthelsdorf, in the German state of Saxony. Soon, a town called Herrenhut grew, and became a refuge for the Moravian faith. From this base, the Moravians continued with a focus on missionary work to many places in the world. The location of these early missions led to the church today having a worldwide membership made up largely of the people of african descent.
The first attempt to settle in America, in the colony of Georgia, was short-lived. The Moravians moved north from Georgia to eastern Pennsylvania in 1740 and founded the town of Bethlehem. From this base in Pennsylvania, they later moved south to North Carolina. In 1752, in the backwoods of North Carolina the Moravians purchased a tract of almost 100,00 acres, The name of the tract became known as Wachovia. In 1766, they established the town of Salem (meaning"peace") in N.C., which is often confused with Salem, Mass.
The Moravians established a rooted community with strong values and stable trade. They continued a legacy of 24 hour prayer and worhsip centers that were started in Eastern Europe by their ancestors. Their prayer and missionary spirit still have effect in the foothils of North Carolina where today many ministries have established their home bases.


We've had a sneaky peak of the sunshine and now we're ready to start planning our summer makes. This week our trend pick is 'Floral fusion', fresh, spring prints that will have you swaying around in your beautiful new make.
These prints are bold enough to do all the hard-work themselves, or for a more modern look, why not mix your prints as seen on the high street? One things for sure, with this particular trend, as long as the prints pack a punch, you're doing it all right.
To achieve the look of this New Look cami, why not add a frill to the neckline of the True Bias Ogden Cami?
Last but not least, why not shorten the hem of the Named Clothing 'Marie' midi to achieve the look of this beautiful Boohoo number?
Feeling inspired now? Don't forget to check out our Pinterest for lots more tips, tricks and Sewspiration.


VisualStudio project with multiple sourcefiles of the same name?
i have a largish C++ project, with source-files organised in multiple folders (on the filesystem).
in two of these folders, i have files with the same name. e.g.
on the MSVC side, the project is organized into multiple "Filters" (those virtual Folders) as well (with names roughly corresponding to the Directories the files live in), so i can distinguish them.
as can be seen, there's only one File.obj, so one binary object is missing. obviously, the linker complains, since it cannot find classes/functions/... defined in that missing object file.
is there a way to tell MSVC to create object files with a unique name depending on the directories (or filters) those files live in?
or whatever. all other build-systems i know (CMake, autotools) are able to deal with multiple files of the same name.
Just right-click the filename instead of the project name to set the property for that file only.
For example, if you do that for \MyProject\foo\File.cpp then the object file for that source file will go to \MyProject\foo\Release\File.obj so it won't conflict with the object file for \MyProject\bar\File.cpp.
The drawbacks to this are that it can clutter your source tree with compiler outputs (but hopefully there aren't too many), and - even worse - file-specific project settings tend to get forgotten/hidden since they're not called out in the IDE at all. If sometime down the road you (or someone else) needs to change things, it can be quite a mystery about why the build acts so strangely for particular files until someone screws around with it for a half a day until it dawns on them what's going on.
I would personally prefer that a project-wide setting of $(InputDir)\$(IntDir)\ would cause object files to go to directories relative to the source file, but it actually doesn't work well at all as a project level setting. In that case VS still only sets the output directory once and it ends up being relative to the first source file in the list. Then the linker gets confused about where it should look for object files.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged visual-studio-2008 visual-c++ filenames or ask your own question.
Visual Studio 2010 & 2008 can't handle source files with identical names in different folders?


karyasiddhi manufactures high quality Dosing Pump.. We have carved a niche in the market as one of the chief High Pressure Dosing Pump Suppliers in India.
The Dosing pumps manufactured by us are designed for maximum output and minimum power requirement in the area of their application. Our dosing pumps are backed with various contemporary and advanced features. Its maintenance is extremely simple as well as requires minimum cost.
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If you don't already have the complete Friends library, this is a fabulous deal- all 10 seasons for $100- no tax and no shipping. It's the Gold Box Deal on Amazon today- there's a limited stock, though!
Aw man... that's a great deal - wish I had the cash to snag it!


Since 2010, our company has been offering scheduled and private small group tours departing from Sarlat la Canéda and that head towards all the majors attractions in the Dordogne. All our tours are conducted by accredited licensed tour guides and take place on board recent, comfortable and fully equipped minivans.
Our Sarlat scheduled day tours have been designed for the individual travelers that wish to discover the best the Dordogne region has to offer. Conducted by accredited licensed tour guides, you will be introduced to all the fascinating history and culture that can be found here. From Prehistory to small villages, mighty Castles to beautiful Rivers and Valleys all will be revealed.
Our Sarlat private day tours will take you to all the major sites of the region and all the tours are for your party only. For our private Sarlat tours you will travel in recent, comfortable and fully equipped minivans and the tour will be handled by a profesionnal English and/or Spanish speaking driver guide. Don't hesitate to contact us far any special request so that we can satisfy your needs.
Our Sarlat multi day tours will allow you to discover fascinating areas that surround Sarlat and that you will be able to visit in a relaxed way. We have designed these Sarlat private multi day tours for the discerning travelers that really wish to discover the best and most authentic tourism attractions our region has to offer without rushing it.
Our team has also designed fun & informative Wine Tours departing from Sarlat. Our wine tours will take you to the Bergerac Wine Region where the wines are produced in a similar fashion as the Bordeaux wines that is all wines are blended with local grape varieties to create fruity or more fully bodied wines. The other famous destination around Sarlat for Wines is Cahors the original wine growing area of the Malbec grape. Our Cahors Malbec wine tour will take you to some of the most famous wineries of the area where you will have the privilege to taste some of the best Malbec wines of the region. All our wine tours are conducted by certified wine guides that have obtained at least the WSET level 2 in wines.


The new year is an opportunity for a torrent of predictions of what will happen in the days to come. There's no shortage of opinions, but most look a lot more like trends than solid prognostications. That's because trends are easier to get in front of than predictions that may or may not come true.
Most customer data will go unused, even as marketers work to increase relevance and engage more with customers. IDC predicts this number to be as high as 80% and bases that on "immature enterprise data 'value chains.'" The lack of maturity in managing data is very common and costly to the brand that wants to build brand awareness, increase sales, and create customer loyalty.
Despite the immaturity of the data value chain, marketing will become even more data-driven, requiring integration of data silos within marketing applications as well as across the enterprise information technology landscape. Managing marketing data effectively will involve the use of platforms that have integration capabilities built in. As reported in Forbes, "Tearing down silos isn't easy." It will take a strategy and cooperation with other parts of the organization, especially IT.
Analytics will be a highly sought-after skill on the CMO's team. Data discovery, developing hypothesis, and test and learn approaches will become crucial to compete with a broad array of brands gradually increasing their data management capabilities. CMO's will actively recruit analytics talent and will increasingly look for marketing platforms with business-friendly analytics in the mix.
Data sources will continue to increase. Even more smartphones, more tablets, and the Internet of Things means brands will increasingly be able to directly find consumers and deliver highly relevant, situational, and personalized messages. This is the very near-term future for customer engagement management.
Loyalty will be the increasingly important target of engaging customers. The high cost of customer acquisition, and the trend toward analytics and data-driven marketing, make loyalty an over-arching trend of marketing for 2014.
As with any trend, you have the option of waiting it out and seeing how the marketplace develops. For these trends, however, smart marketers realize the importance of staying ahead.
This post was first published on the Loyalty Lab Blog and has been lightly edited.


You will also want to learn the basics of the gnomish language, if you don't know it already, as most of the quest NPCs won't give you the time of day if you can't be bothered to understand their tech-talk during their festival.
You will find images of the three rewards pictured down in the Buy-Only section of the preview, since Myron will be happy to sell you more, once you complete the achievements.
**Galvanized Entry Plate is a functional door that has the "Use" option to open and close. Of course, silly gnomes got oil on the rug, but not on the door hinges, so it opens and closes with a squeak, but that's a small price to pay for gnomish construction, right?
Professor What, in Gnomeland Security, needs your help. In return, he will gift you with a set of Tan Galvanic Attire. A stylish master tinkerer (400+ skill), however, might want some variations on the shoulder. Some new master tinkerer blueprints on the Tinkerfest vendors have the recipes needed to customize your look a bit. (The basic tan galvanic set is at the bottom center of each image, with the 3 variations pictured above it.) Note that there is a flying disk behind Professor What that will transport you to the proper quest location.
Several new items will be vendor-only. The Gearskifs are ground mounts and 300 shiny tinkerfest cogs each. The Kajiggers are flying mounts and 500 shiny tinkerfest cogs each. The three furniture items require Tinkerfest achievement unlocks before you can buy them.
First, I'll give you the "big picture(s)", then the smaller thumbnails.
Two disassembled items - just like a gnome to leave stuff lying around!
Nonmoving wheels attatch to wall with posts - and a lovely (functional!) door!
You can tell a tinkerer lives here. How? The oil stains on the rug!