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The Emergence of Turkey as a Regional Power & the Middle East Disruption & Reset
Kassandros
GEOPOLITICS |
The article examines the evolution of Turkey from an obedient Client State of the US to an independent and significant Regional Power that is still growing. The abandonment of Kemalism over the years and the development of a neo-Ottoman dogma is analyzed.
The increasing strength and the regional ambitions of Turkey are examined together with its turn away from the West and its confrontation with the Sunni Arab Countries.
The new hybrid alliances of Turkey with Russia and Iran and the ambivalence of the behavior of the West towards Turkey are noted.
The dangers to the West of the Turkish geostrategic ambitions are stated.
(25 minutes read)
Historical Review
The metamorphosis of Turkey from an accommodating ally of the West to an independent important regional power, that is still growing, has not been adequately understood by both the Islamophobic and the Liberal West.
The evolution of this, game changing, geostrategic parameter is worthy of a historical review.
Very broadly this is the transformation of an obedient US client State to an Independent Regional Power.
In 1946 the USS Missouri, then, the best battleship in the World, anchored in Istanbul to protect Turkey from Stalin's effort to materialize the centuries old Russian dream, to conquer the Dardanelles, thus opening the only controlled door to the Mediterranean and all the Southern Seas.
Turkey was the wily neutral, during the Second WW, who declared war to Germany 10 days before Germany surrendered.
In spite of that, the U.S. who was leading the Western Allies, considered Turkey important enough to risk military confrontation, with the then mighty USSR, their ally up to that moment.
Turkey started then the continuous strengthening of its ties with the Western Alliance.
Turkey was created by Kemal Atatürk, a secular General, on the ruins of the collapsed, many centuries old, Ottoman Empire. The population was forced to accept the West as strongly as possible, from the adoption of the Latin alphabet to the prohibition of the veil (ḥijāb) for women and the fez (ṭarbūsh) for men.
Kemal never appreciated the deep cultural identity roots of the Turks with Islam and the Orient.
The post Second WW Turkey, became the obedient Client State of the US, accepting everything, from participation with the US in the Korean War in 1950, entering NATO in 1952, to the establishment of American nuclear forces and U-2 spy planes bases on its soil.
Turkey stayed the obedient ally of the US for the very simple reason that it was the only power that could protect it from its traditional enemy, Russia.
It took only the American Ambassador entering in the middle of a Turkish Cabinet meeting, for Turkey to abandon its plans for intervention in the Syrian turmoil in the Fifties.
Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey attempted a commercial approach to the USSR, but he and his ministers were deposed and hanged, following a Coup d'état in 1960, the first of many, by the Turkish Army.
The Turkish Army remained secular and staunchly pro-American until the failed coup attempt of 2016.
However, as Turkey was growing fast economically and in population, it's Ottoman memories started resurfacing.
The return of Islamist Neo-Ottomanism.
The first indication is the development in 1969 of an ideology called Millî Görüş (National View), by a leading Turkish politician, named Erbakan.
This was the first time that a new, different than the Kemalist, ideology entered the mainstream of Turkish politics. Essentially it was the beginning of the Neo-Ottomanism ideology that dominates Turkish Geostrategy today.
Its first application started five years later.
When the Greek Junta abolished with a Coup d'état, the legitimate Government of Cyprus, Turkey's Government, in which Erbakan was a Member, exercising its right as a Cyprus Guarantor Power, invaded militarily the island. This act took place with the blessings of the United States, ostensibly to re-establish the Republic of Cyprus but in the process took over more than 40% of the Island staying there ever since.
The Turkish Army, basking in the glory of its first very successful foreign invasion, hurried to reestablish Kemalism, by chasing Erbakan and Islamic Oriental Culture, with a series of military coups.
Erbakan and Islamism were chased out of Turkish politics by the Generals while secularism was reestablished for some time. However, Islamism and Neo-Ottomanism were silently growing in the background, with the increase in Turkish Economic power and population.
The beginning of Turkish detachment from US Policy
Turkey's first flashes of real emancipation from their US tutelage started with the collapse of the USSR.
New regional conflicts in the Caucasus and the Balkans erupted on or near the Turkish borders. The formation of independent Turkic-language states in Azerbaijan, Crimea Tatars and Central Asia, gave the Turkish political and administrative elite the impression that abandoning Kemalist isolationist principles, would bring new opportunities of influence and leadership.
Turkey made its first attempt in foreign expansionism, since the inception of the Turkish State, half a Century ago.
The ruling elites of the Central Asian republics, all Moscow trained survivors, had no interest in the "Turkic brotherhood" concept. Cooperation, with the approval of Turkish elite was limited to the Economy and Education. These republics by 1995 had normalized relations with the emerging Russian power and the ethnic Islamic Card was not played further in Russian territories.
The Islamic-Neo Ottomanism concept was though not dormant and the new Erdoğan – Davutoğlu team took the relay.
Erbakan acted as a mentor and informal advisor to the founders of the Virtue Party in 1997, among which founders was, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
The road from Erbakan to Erdoğan suffered from many obstacles and deviations.
The rise of Erdoğan
In 1994, a well-known football player, supported by the Islamist Welfare Party became Mayor of Istanbul and subsequently was imprisoned briefly for his promotion of the Islamic concept of Government, his name: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Erdoğan abandoned openly Islamist politics and established the moderate conservative AKP in 2001. Following the AKP's landslide victory in 2002, the party's co-founder Abdullah Gül became Prime Minister. Erdoğan became Prime Minister in March 2003.
Erdogan has a visceral understanding of the Turkish Psyche.
This was finely wrapped up intellectually by Ahmet Davutoglu a Professor of Political Sciences in Istanbul who subsequently became Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's chief foreign policy advisor after the latter became prime minister. Davutoglu, developed the Justice and Development Party's new foreign policy outlook that would bring Turkey to play a larger role in the Middle East and the World.
Davutoglu, with his now famous book, Strategic Depth, was the theoretical leader of the whole Neo-Ottomanism dogma. He went even further, to propose a Pan-Islamist movement, implying Turkish leadership in it.
Davutoğlu 's teachings formed a whole new elite in the Turkish administration.
This is the intellectual basis which shaped the new Turkish Power dogma, the concept of the superior position of Turkey, much more than just a Regional Power in the Middle East, the emphasis of internal development in Anatolia, away from Istanbul and the Asia Minor coast, the interventionist Policy in Iraq and Syria and the dissension between Turkey and the USA.
Initially the AKP was considered by the West as the Islamic equivalent of the Christian-Democratic Parties.
The Economist noted in 2008, "No Islamic party has been as moderate and pro-Western as the AKP, which catapulted into government in 2002 promising to lead Turkey into the European Union."
The abandonment of Kemalism and the turn to the East.
The master stroke of Erdoğan is that he used Europe to turn to the Orient.
Erdoğan used quite adroitly the European Vision of Kemalist Turkey to diminish the Kemalist grip on Turkey which until then permitted everything in Turkish life from the Army and the Administration to the Educational and Religious Institutions.
With a series of reforms, ostensibly aimed at facilitating Turkey's entry to the EU, he demolished Kemalism, opening the way to National Islamist dogma followers.
The full understanding of the rise to Power of Erdoğan and AKP to the total dominance of Turkey cannot be accomplished without an analysis of the Gülen parameter.
Fethullah Gülen was born in 1941 near Erzurum, in northeastern Turkey, and first came to prominence as a Muslim preacher and intellectual in the 1970s, advocating for interfaith dialogue, modern education, and faith-based activism.
"The Gülen movement differentiates itself from other Islamic movements by stressing the importance of ethics in education, media, business, and public life," wrote Gürkan Çelik, author of "The Gülen Movement"
Erdogan was close to Gülen for decades, both leaders being in common opposition to secular Kemalist forces in Turkey.
They also shared the goal of transforming Turkey into a state of "Turkish nationalism with a very strong, conservative religiosity" at its core, said Ariel Salzmann, an associate professor of Islamic and world history at Queen's University, in Canada.
Erdoğan and Gülen were "partners in trying to assume power for decades", Salzmann said.
The leaders shared a common opposition to Kemalist forces in Turkey for many years, and though he did not enter politics himself, Gülen supported the AKP – thus mobilizing his followers – when the party was founded and later came to power.
Members of the Gülen movement were also linked to two notable cases in Turkey – the Ergenekon and Sledgehammer investigations – that looked into alleged attempts to overthrow the AKP government and Erdoğan.
The Ergenekon case was merely a pretext to target dissidents and remove Kemalists from key positions in the Administration.
Erdoğan & Gülen, the bitter divorce
Ties between Erdoğan and Gülen began to fray when Gülenist in the police and judiciary "became a little too independent". Prof. Salzmann wrote and worsened when Gülen himself criticized Erdoğan for his handling of the Gezi Park protests in 2013.
Later that year, Erdoğan claimed, Gülen and his supporters were trying to bring down his government through a corruption probe that implicated several officials and business leaders with ties to the AKP, which led to the resignation of AKP ministers.
The government also accused members of the Gülen movement of wiretapping government officials.
Since that time, Erdoğan has repeatedly claimed that Gülen is running a "parallel state" inside Turkey and that his government has been cracking down on Gülen-affiliated institutions, including the popular Zaman newspaper and Bank.
In the meantime, for the last twenty years, Gülen has lived on a 25-acre grounds of a former Turkish-American summer camp. Washington Post has reported that there are several large houses in the property, a fragrant garden, a pond, soccer field and volleyball court.
The various organizations and people affiliated with Gülen in the U.S., Turkey and elsewhere are believed to be worth millions, if not billions, of dollars.
How exactly the son of a poor Turkish Imam managed to build this multinational corporate empire, is unknown.
The economic "take off" and the turn of Turkish Policy
The Turkish Economy, after 2001, took off with significant infrastructure investments in Anatolia, which developed a lot the agro-industrial Economy of this, previously neglected, region.
Between 2002 and 2011, the Turkish economy grew by an average rate of 7.5 percent annually. The average per capita income rose from $2,800 U.S. in 2001 to around $10,000 U.S. in 2011.
Finally, the Turkish Foreign Policy, started subtly to change, with the adoption of a more Islamic posture and extrovertism than the Kemalist dogma allowed until then.
This deepened Turkey's internal divisions also. Its symbol was to lift the Kemalist ban on Islamic dress. Hijabs and skull caps were adopted by the majority of the Turkish population.
Tensions between the AKP and the military climaxed after Erdoğan announced he would nominate Foreign Minister Abdullah Gül for the presidency. The presidency is a prestigious though ceremonial post—but also the last bastion of secularism in the eyes of the military and the opposition.
When the Turkish Army expressed its Pronunciamento on April 2009, Erdoğan defied it with early elections that produced a landslide victory for AKP.
The party next survived its legitimacy challenge by a "constitutional coup", for its Islamist agenda.
AKP was now free to change Turkey's Geostrategy.
The disengagement with the West was prepared by the establishment of the Party supremacy over the Military.
AKP was now strong in public approval because of the booming Economy and the ascendancy of the, disdained until then, Anatolia region and Anatolians.
The Army in 2011 showed its strong disagreement with the abandonment of secular Kemalism for an overall Islamocentric Policy at Home and Abroad.
In 2012, half of all Turkish admirals and one out of ten active-duty generals were in jail for plotting against the government.
The, one before the last, battle of Party versus Army had been won.
The 2016 Coup d'état attempt by the Turkish Military
One thing is certain. Erdoğan knew about it before it happened and had prepared the purge lists beforehand. The degree of involvement of Gülenist and Kemalist officers is uncertain but it is accepted that they were involved and that this coup attempt was the failed effort of the Army to stop Erdogan taking full control of it.
Erdoğan blamed the US for condoning if not initiating the coup attempt and for protecting Gülen in his Pennsylvania domain.
The purge of the officers' class of the Turkish Armed Forces and the bureaucrats of the Administration was such that the Turkish Armed Forces lost a lot of their strength for a few years while the State machinery has been crippled.
The gain for Erdoğan was greater than the temporary loss in military and civil efficiency.
He has obtained control of an increasingly more Islamic Army and Administration, without the Kemalist ideology which is unable to influence his policies and is more obedient to the Presidency's desire.
This has strengthened his swing to the East and his separation from the West.
Erdogan, the dictator by popular vote.
The 2017 constitutional referendum established the Presidency as the dominant executive office to the detriment of parliament and parliamentary democracy.
Erdogan is the quasi absolute ruler of Turkey and there is nothing to stop him to stay as such until 2029, with a total tenure of 26 years.
Even if his health, or other events, may not allow him to fully exploit his potential Sultanic rule, he has already indelibly and irreversibly marked Turkey.
The Geostrategy of Crime exploitation.
Recently, the Turkish Government and particularly its President Erdogan made an opportunistic political capital of an assuredly gruesome and hideous crime committed in Turkey, but on Saudi Diplomatic soil.
For the geopolitical consequences of this affair the most apt parallel is the geostrategic evaluation by Talleyrand of the abduction and murder by Napoleon of the Duke D'Enghien.
"It was worse than a crime. It was an error"
Erdoğan was quick to shamelessly seize the opportunity presented by this error.
The cold-blooded crime mongering of the murder act by the Turkish Leadership is just as base as the crime itself.
In Turkey, more than 50,000 people, politicians, the highest number of journalists in the World and others have been imprisoned, many without trial, since the Coup attempt of 2016.
This did not stop Erdoğan to claim the moral high ground and expertly manipulate the World Media, condemning others for practices not unknown to him.
The World media, with impressive resonance, based their news reporting on a single source, leaks by the Turkish Secret Service, drip feeding a Turkish Government newspaper. The Turkish Leadership subsequently claimed that they had evidence.
Instead of making open to public scrutiny all the alleged evidence immediately, however illegally obtained, Erdoğan maintained, in a masterly way, the public opinion interest alive, by leaking successive, more and more horrible descriptions of the act, in a form of murder pornography. This leak was always taking place, prior to Erdogan's public statements about it, exercising an obvious but successful political blackmail with many targets.
Observed cold bloodedly, it is a ruthlessly calculating but very efficient Machiavellian use of an opportunity, through the Media, bringing multiple geostrategic advantages to Turkey.
Erdogan didn't reveal the "naked truth" as he promised. He has obtained though, by this media manipulation, strong political leverage.
The first is the embarrassment caused to the Saudi Monarchy.
Erdogan in his Neo-Ottomanism spirit, adopted by the ruling elite of Turkey, wants the leadership of the Sunny Islam to return to Turkey, as in the times of the Sultans.
Turkey poses a particular threat to Saudi regional supremacy by proposing an Islam "light", not the heavy version of Saudi Salafism.
To achieve this, he tries to destroy the moral advantage of the Saudi King, the Guardian of the two Mosques, the holy of holies for Islam.
This goes together with forcing the Saudis, who are prime investors in Turkey, to support financially the wrecked Turkish Economy, where inflation now runs at 25%, so as the Saudis be spared further embarrassment.
As the Globalist reported: "According to Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, the leader of Turkey's pro-secular Republican People's Party (CHP), a deal of sorts might already be in place".
The Shi'itic Iran, allied to Turkey, has every reason to encourage this, as any diminution of Saudi Arabia is perceived by its leadership to work to its benefit.
Turkey's relationship with Saudi Arabia, is a rivalry driven between the two regional powers, for influence in the Middle East. For reasons though of mutual interest, both sides will endeavor to keep, somehow, the relationship and to contain this crisis between them.
The Turks know that they are not ready yet to frontally challenge Saudi Arabia.
They also know that they do not have anything approaching the Holiness of Mecca and Medina to the Muslim World.
The biggest blackmail is aimed at the USA. The Trump administration is committed strongly to its Saudi Alliance, not only as a big spender Client State but also, if not mainly, for its fight against Iran.
Erdogan is even proposing to "trade" easing the pressure on Saudi Arabia in exchange for the US delivering Gülen to Turkey.
The US and the rest of the West cannot afford to abandon Saudi Arabia and side with Turkey, even if Saudi Arabia misbehaves. Eighty years of primary American Geostrategic and Geo-economics commitment is focused on the Gulf and Israel. Even Israel expressed the geostrategic need to support Saudi Arabia.
Both Russia and China are lurking to catch such an opportunity if it ever appeared, which will not happen.
President Trump must persuade Erdogan to tone down its polemic because further than weakening the Foreign Policy of his administration, it highlighted administrative ineptitude before the crucial November elections.
There is a bounty to be extracted by Erdoğan there as well, but Erdoğan must understand that his bipolar diplomacy will not work in the long term neither with America nor with Saudi Arabia.
Erdoğan considers this opportunity to gain the upper hand without cost in his badly damaged relationships with the USA and the West, as his alliance with Russia and Iran are hybrid and fragile and he knows it. This is unlikely to succeed long term.
However, just the fact that Erdoğan can "push" the Saudi Kingdom and use it as leverage in its relations with the US was unthinkable ten years ago.
Russia, although pleased with the embarrassment caused to the West, has a strong and long-term interest in the region, hence coldly chose the attitude of keeping out of it, ensuring its maximum benefit from all parties.
The increasing regional influence of Turkey
With unfortunate timing, Kuwait chose this particular moment to sign a treaty of Security cooperation with Turkey, to underline its long lasting big frontier area dispute with Saudi Arabia.
Kuwait, uneasy with Iran at its eastern frontier and Shiite Iran at its northern frontier, hopes for appeasement and support from Turkey, by upgrading its cooperation from soft power to hard power, providing new sources of Energy to Turkey and Turkey providing investments in Economic and Security areas in Kuwait.
One more geostrategic victory for Erdogan.
The significance of Turkey for the area was made obvious with the recent four Powers summit in Istanbul, concerning peace in Syria.
Erdoğan invited Putin, Merkel and Macron to discuss the Syrian pacification, in the presence also of the Representative of the UN, and in the absence of USA.
Fearing a new wave of millions of refugees and also their possible collateral damages from a crumbled Turkish Economy, France and Germany went to persuade Russia to do as Turkey wishes and stop Assad from attacking Idlib, the last pocket of terrorists in Syria.
It must be noted that the Turkish Army has invaded and occupies now a considerable Syrian area.
It must be also noted that Erdogan, possibly with a dose of humor, insisted that the desire for Turkey to join the EU is still a major Turkish aim.
This shows Erdoğan's strength and competence and that his impact on regional events is accepted and respected.
Fully understanding his recently acquired political muscle, through Samson style threatening, Erdoğan went further.
While he is discussing peace in Syria, he is at the same time preparing to attack the Kurds in Manbij.
This attack escalates its fight against the US-allied and Saudi financed Kurdish group.
The shelling of People's Protection Units (YPG) positions on the Euphrates' eastern shore, came just two days after President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan gave his "final warning" to Syrian Kurdish fighters to retreat while accusing the United States of dragging its feet in an agreement to remove the group from Turkey's border.
The shelling was "a friendly message to the US" according to Erdoğan's adviser İlnur Çevik.
"Soon, we will descend on them with more comprehensive and effective force", Erdoğan vowed before members of his AK ruling party.
Erdoğan, exploiting simultaneously and with consummate skill, both the Syrian imbroglio and the Khashoggi affair, in the absence of the USA, has elevated himself as the dominant force in the Middle East. He is the president of a regional power, who rises higher than both Iran and Saudi Arabia.
Erdoğan is a pragmatist and a realist. He will try to keep the crime in the first page for as long as he can. After extracting the maximum benefit, playing the thriller of the recent events, he will stop.
He knows that nobody is going to abandon Saudi Arabia because he denounced a really hideous crime. Even Israel is supporting stability in Saudi Arabia.
The gains of Turkey from going against the Saudi Kingdom are tactical and short lived. The Arab memory is long.
The establishment of Turkey as a major Independent Regional Power
The growth of Turkey into a Strong Regional Power will continue.
Turkey's population is over 80 million.
The average age in Turkey is 30 years old.
The Turkish per capita GDP is equal to that of Russia.
The Turkish Armed Forces are among the ten biggest in the World.
The Turkish Navy has already done the round of Africa from Suez, to Cape Town, to Gibraltar, a feat not done yet by even the Chinese Navy.
The Turkish Military Industry is the second best in the region after Israel.
Since 2002, the rate at which Turkey's defense industry has met Ankara's procurement requirements has risen from 24 to almost 70 percent and is still rising.
The co-production of the F-35 airplane with Lockheed-Martin, the design and construction of a Turkish main battle tank and the plans for the construction of an aircraft carrier and submarines in a Turkish shipyard, are cases in point.
The Turkish military Bases internationally in Azerbaijan – Northern Cyprus -Iraq -Qatar – Somalia – Syria –Kuwait and elsewhere bear witness not only of Turkey's big regional ambitions, but its capacity to follow up these ambitions with their application.
The strategic network of Turkish bases shows clearly their intention of expanding their political-military presence around Arab territory.
The development of such military power, with active intervention potential, necessarily will end by being used.
Turkey's growth into a major Regional and an important International Power is unstoppable.
This is not a moral story. It is a geopolitical analysis of the Newtonian forces involved and the Darwinian selection process, on one of the most remarkable phenomena in the Middle East; and further, one that has not been adequately understood by the West, either for reasons of Ostrich-like policy or more probably from cognitive inertia because change demands also to exit from the diplomatic comfort zone.
Turkey has already grown into one of the Major Powers in the Middle East.
When it will have its interest there solidly established it is natural to turn its expanding strength to the West.
Its problematic Economy will not stop its geopolitical expansion.
A Turkish Economic crash will hurt Europe more than it will hurt Turkey.
Turkey will re-emerge stronger after the crash as it has happened during its history. Devaluing the Turkish lira and prosperity through bankruptcies is a known and tested method of recovery and the Citizens grumble but accept it.
Turkey's geostrategic choice is helped considerably by its association with Russia and Iran, which goes further than Syria and the Kurds.
This maturing of Turkish strength is driving a developing schism with the West, this is why both Russia and Iran are very quiet, not wishing to upset events tilting towards their own geopolitical interests.
The Middle East disruption and reset works to the detriment of the American interests.
Turkey, like the Ottoman Empire before, has never been accepted as an equal partner by the West. In the time of the Sultans, in the beginning of the Empire there was continuous military confrontation and when the Empire started weakening, its economic exploitation was linked with its physical reduction.
Kemalist Turkey was seen by the West as a great bastion against the USSR and subsequently by the European Community as a place for exports and a source of income.
In spite of the agreements signed, Europe never intended to honor them and integrate Turkey in the European Union.
The Turkish people working in Germany, France, Belgium and elsewhere were never accepted by the local Societies and never integrated with them.
With Turkey increasing its pro-Islamic policy and Europe becoming more and more Islamophobic, this gap will dangerously increase.
The new Turkey is becoming a big Power of the second order, geopolitically more important than any other significant Country, like Italy, for example.
It is therefore natural, geopolitically, that Turkey, once it has established its importance in the Middle East, will turn its expansionist force towards Europe.
It will start with the Balkans.
Turkey has already great influence in Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and elsewhere. It also has significant associated minorities to manipulate, in Bulgaria and Greece.
Dynamic confrontation of Turkey with the West is not for now but it is very likely to come in a few years.
The new continuously growing and strong Turkey will teach the West the cost of underestimating and rejecting it.
A new block that will reset the balance of Power in the Middle East and beyond is formed. Russia, Iran and Turkey.
Turkey, is the new, World class, emerging Power.
The USA – CHINA Confrontation
Europe NOT Trump is the Problem
TAGS: geopolitics - γεωπολιτική middle east - μέση ανατολή
IRAN, ACT II
IRAN VERSUS ISRAEL – "The Mexican standoff"
IRAN TANGO
MIDDLE EAST – A PARADIGM SHIFT
FROM SPARK TO FLAME – FROM FLAME TO INFERNO
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The Bordeaux wine region is intimately connected with Cabernet Sauvignon, even though wine is rarely made without the blended component of other grape varieties. It is the likely "birthplace" of the vine, and producers across the globe have invested heavily in trying to reproduce the structure and complexity of Bordeaux wines.
While the "Bordeaux blend" of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet franc and Merlot created the earliest examples of acclaimed Cabernet Sauvignon wine, Cabernet Sauvignon was first blended in Bordeaux with Syrah, a pairing that is widely seen in Australia and some vin de pays wines from the Languedoc.
The decision to first start blending Cabernet Sauvignon was partly derived from financial necessity. The sometime temperamental and unpredictable climate of Bordeaux during the "Little Ice Age" did not guarantee a successful harvest every year; producers had to insure themselves against the risk of losing an entire vintage by planting a variety of grapes. Over time it was discovered that the unique characteristics of each grape variety can complement each other and enhance the overall quality of wine.
As a base, or backbone of the wine, Cabernet Sauvignon added structure, acidity, tannins and aging potential. By itself, particularly when harvested at less than ideal ripeness, its can lack a sense of fruit or "fleshiness" on the palate which can be compensated from by adding the rounder flavors of Merlot. Cabernet franc can add additional aromas to the bouquet as well as more fruitiness. In the lighter soils of the Margaux region, Cabernet-based wines can lack color, which can be achieved by blending in Petit Verdot. Malbec can add additional fruit and floral aromas.


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Today's graphic takes a look at the research of Kent Griffith (@kentjgriffith), a PhD student from the University of Cambridge who's currently looking into developing advanced lithium ion batteries to power our phones, laptops, and more. more
The Chemistry of Cocktail Spherification
Here's the second in the series of graphics I've produced for my Pint of Science event at La Raza Cambridge (UK) in a few weeks' time. Today's graphic looks at how chemistry can help to make caviar and spheres in cocktails, and the chemical agents used to do it. more
Publications Salts
Creating Capsules with Cubanes
A sextuply linked capsule incorporating two Ni(II) cubane units is formed when Ni(II) salts are reacted with N-aminoalkyl salicylamidato ligands in a 4:3 ratio in methanol. With a short (propyl) alkyl substituent, additional chloride counter ions are included in the cavity by occupation of one apex more
First-principles calculations of oxidation potentials of electrolytes in lithium–sulfur batteries and their variations with changes in environment
Oxidation potentials of electrolyte molecules in Li–sulfur (Li/S) batteries and their variations in various solvent environments are investigated using first-principles calculations in order to understand oxidative decomposition reactions of electrolytes for cathode passivation. Electrolyte solvents more
Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Mixed-metal Oxides Derived from NiCoFe Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides
Ternary NiCoFe mixed-metal oxides (NCF-MMOs) with different Ni/Co/Fe ratios were successfully synthesized through a hydrotalcite-like precursor route by co-precipitation of appropriate amounts of metal salts from homogeneous solution, followed by calcination at 600 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patter more
All publications on salts
Salt , which some use to prevent caking , China Salt is a dietary mineral essential for animal life, composed primarily of sodium chloride . Salt for human consumption is produced in different forms: unrefined salt (such as sea salt ), refin ... more
2spectroscopy
3nanotechnology
4chemicals
5particle analysis
6chromatography
7synthesis
8scales
10catalysis
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nita Klein est une actrice française née le .

Biographie

Révélée au cinéma par Muriel ou le Temps d'un retour (1963), elle a surtout mené une carrière théâtrale. Mais on l'a revu  dans Rimbaud Verlaine ou dans le Docteur Petiot.

Vie privée
Nita Klein est la fille de Jean Klein (1912-1998).

Filmographie

Cinéma
 1963 : Muriel ou le Temps d'un retour d'Alain Resnais
 1971 : HPW ou anatomie d'un faussaire d'Alain Boudet
 1975 : Aloïse
 1990 : Docteur Petiot
 1991 : La Vie des morts d'Arnaud Desplechin
 1992 : Betty de Claude Chabrol
 1995 : Rimbaud Verlaine (Total Eclipse) : Vitalie Rimbaud, la mère d'Arthur

Télévision
 1967 : Antigone (de Jean Cocteau, d'après Sophocle), téléfilm de Jean-Claude de Nesle : Antigone
 1969 : Agence Intérim (épisode "Séducteur"), série télévisée de Marcel Moussy et Pierre Neurisse : Béatrice
 1970 : Pierre de Ronsard, gentilhomme vendômois, téléfilm de Georges Lacombe : Hélène de Surgères
 1971 : Le Tribunal de l'impossible : Le Voleur de cerveau d'Alain Boudet : Paloma Fromeck
 1974 : Une Affaire à suivre d'Alain Boudet
 1978 : Les Brigades du Tigre, épisode Bandes et contrebandes de Victor Vicas
 1978 : Messieurs les Jurés : L'Affaire Heurteloup de Boramy Tioulong
 1982 : La Tendresse de Bernard Queysanne
 2007 : Plus belle la vie Doublage
Films
 1971 : Femmes de médecins : Helen Straughn (Diana Sands)
 1983 : Superman 3 : Vera Webster (Annie Ross)
 1984 : Le Retour de l'inspecteur Harry : Ray Parkins (Audrie J. Neenan)
 2003 : Dogville : Gloria (Harriet Andersson)
 2004 : Mon boss, sa fille et moi : Gertrude (Charlotte Zucker)
 2004 : Les Dames de Cornouailles : Janet (Maggie Smith)
 2005 : Aviator : Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn (Frances Conroy)
 2005 : Mémoires d'une geisha : la tante (Tsai Chin)
 2005 : Neverland : Emma du Maurier (Julie Christie)
 2007 : August Rush : la Doyenne Alice MacNeil (Marian Seldes)
 2010 : Robin des Bois : la reine, Aliénor d'Aquitaine (Eileen Atkins)
 2013 : Tel père, tel fils : Nobuko Nonomiya (Jun Fubuki)
 2014 : Daddy Cool : Gaga Stuart (Muriel Gould)
 2015 : Mia madre : Ada (Giulia Lazzarini)
 2016 : Jackie : Lady Bird Johnson (Beth Grant)
 2022 : Armageddon Time : Mickey Rabinowitz (Tovah Feldshuh)

Série télévisée
 2008 : Robin des Bois : Aliénor d'Aquitaine (Lynda Bellingham) (saison 2, épisode 11)

 Théâtre

 1960 : Les Coréens de Michel Vinaver, mise en scène Gabriel Monnet, Aix-en-Provence
 1960 : Oncle Vania d'Anton Tchekhov, mise en scène Gabriel Monnet, Comédie de Saint-Étienne
 1961 : La Vie de Timon d'Athènes de William Shakespeare, mise en scène Gabriel Monnet, Comédie de Bourges, Théâtre Sarah-Bernhardt, Théâtre Montansier
 1962 : La Charrue et les étoiles de Sean O'Casey, mise en scène Jean Dasté, Comédie de Saint-Étienne, Théâtre Montparnasse
 1963 : Judith de Friedrich Hebbel, mise en scène Pierre Debauche, Théâtre Daniel Sorano Vincennes : Judith
 1964 : Judith de Friedrich Hebbel, mise en scène Pierre Debauche, Studio des Champs-Élysées
 1964 : Britannicus de Racine, mise en scène Marcelle Tassencourt, Théâtre Montparnasse
 1965  Procès à jésus de Diego Fabbri Théatre Montansier à VersaillesMise en scène:Marcelle tassencourt
 1965 : Liola de Luigi Pirandello, mise en scène Bernard Jenny, Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier
 1967 : L'Idiot d'après Dostoïevski, adaptation et mise en scène André Barsacq, Théâtre des Célestins, tournées Herbert-Karsenty
 1969 : La Nuit des assassins de José Triana, mise en scène Alain Ollivier, Maison de la Culture de Grenoble
 1969 : Ce fou de Platonov d'Anton Tchekhov, mise en scène Bernard Jenny, Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier
 1969 : Un poète en Amérique de Sidney Michael, mise en scène Daniel Ivernel, Théâtre Montansier
 1970 : La Guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu de Jean Giraudoux, mise en scène Yves Kerboul, Théâtre du Midi Festival de la Cité Carcassonne
 1971 : Le Septième Commandement : Tu voleras un peu moins... de Dario Fo, mise en scène Jacques Mauclair, Festival de la Cité Carcassonne, festivals d'été
 1971 : Les Trois Mousquetaires d'Alexandre Dumas, mise en scène Michel Berto, Festival de la Cité Carcassonne
 1971 : Torquemada de Victor Hugo, mise en scène Denis Llorca, Théâtre du Midi : Festival de la Cité Carcassonne, Festival de Marsillargues, Festival de Collioure, Festival de la mer Sète
 1972 : L'Annonce faite à Marie de Paul Claudel, mise en scène Hubert Gignoux, Festival de la Cité Carcassonne
 1974 : Les Justes d'Albert Camus, mise en scène Marcelle Tassencourt, Théâtre Montansier, Dora Doulebov 1975 : L'Homme aux valises d'Eugène Ionesco, mise en scène Jacques Mauclair, Théâtre de l'Atelier
 1978 : Zadig ou la destinée de Voltaire, mise en scène Jean-Louis Barrault, Théâtre d'Orsay
 1979 : Neige de Romain Weingarten, mise en scène de l'auteur, Théâtre de Poche Montparnasse
 1983 : Le roi se meurt d'Eugène Ionesco, mise en scène Jacques Mauclair, Théâtre du Marais
 1983 : Andromaque de Racine, mise en scène Marcelle Tassencourt, Festival de Versailles
 1991 : Jeanne et les juges de Thierry Maulnier, mise en scène Marcelle Tassencourt, Théâtre Edouard VII
 1992 : Montaigne ou Dieu que la femme me reste obscure de Robert Pouderou, mise en scène Pierre Tabard, Théâtre de Poche Montparnasse
 1997 : Madame Béate et son fils'' d'après Arthur Schnitzler, mise en scène Claude Aufaure,    Théâtre du Lucernaire

Notes et références

Liens externes

Actrice française de cinéma
Naissance en septembre 1935
Acteur français de doublage
Actrice française de théâtre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Conjoined two-year-old twins from Bangladesh have flown to Hungary to undergo life-changing surgery to separate them.
Rabeya and Rukaiya, who are joined at the head, left Dhaka Medical College Hospital and boarded a flight today alongside their parents and doctor to begin treatment.
The twins will stay in Hungary for three months where they will be operated on by a team of twenty medics in the risky procedure that has less than 20 per cent success rate.
For the final final operation, the twins are expected to return to Bangladesh they will finally be separated in a bid for them to lead normal lives.
Born in 2016 to primary school teachers Rafiqul Islam and Taslima Khatun, the conjoined twins amazed doctors with their ability to walk and talk.
The mother of the two told the Bangladesh Post: 'Initially it was very difficult to handle them because of their condition but they can now talk and walk.
'Though they are joined, they share different personality traits. For example, if Rokeya cries, Rabeya doesn't.
Health and Family Welfare Minister Mohammad Nasim gifted six plane tickets to the family, and the government is paying for the life changing surgery, according to local media.
Rabeya and Rokeya have already amazed doctors as very few craniopagusconjoined twins survive birth.
Conjoined twins occur once every 200,000 live births, and even if they survive birth, their prognosis is generally poor.
About 40 per cent are stillborn and an additional 33 percent die after birth, normally due to organ failure or abnormalities.
But 25 per cent have been known to survive and even have the option to be separated depending on where they are attached at the skull.
Advances in brain imaging and neurosurgical techniques have made separation surgeries more possible.


113. Fish Street, Northampton Thanks to Darren Ford for locating this Survivor. On this now pedestrianised street in Northampton town centre are two long-abandoned GEC "Two-Forty" fluorescent lanterns attached to buildings. Their modern replacements are teardrop lanterns mounted a little lower down the wall.
The object fastened to the corner of the building is not a light but a CCTV camera.


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National Home Care and Hospice Month - ProAction Insurance Services, Inc.
As our country's demographics continue shifting to a larger number of older adults and people continue to live longer, the need for health care will continue to rise, and costs will continue to skyrocket. The demand for home care and hospice services will increase as more and more of your friends, families and neighbors will be receiving care in their homes.
This is where home care comes in. As the preferred choice for most patients, it also offers the greatest cost savings. For example, Medicare pays nearly $2,000 per day for a typical hospital stay and $450 per day for a typical nursing home stay. Meanwhile, home care costs less than $100 a day and helps many U.S. seniors remain independent at home, enrich their lives, and keep in touch with those they love.
During November, the home care and hospice community honor the millions of nurses, home care aides, therapists, and social workers who make a remarkable difference for the patients and families they serve. These heroic caregivers play a central role in our health care system and in homes across the nation. To recognize their efforts, take a minute to thank those who care for seniors and loved ones during some of the most vulnerable times in their lives. ProAction Insurance encourages you to take time this month to recognize the dedication and critical roles that home care professionals play in the quality of living of so many people.
The individuals involved in both home care and hospice are "true heroes" because of their daily outpouring of compassion and quality care to patients and families during their most difficult times, including the final stages of life. At ProAction Insurance Services, we would like to take this opportunity to thank the home health and hospice providers and agencies for the invaluable service they provide to individuals and their families. We provide commercial insurance solutions to the home healthcare and hospice sector, and we are proud to serve this noble profession.


text:
GamesIndustry.biz presents… The Year in Numbers 2021
Check out the biggest selling games, most covered companies, top influencers, the global games market value and more
2021 draws to a close and, as has become tradition, we try to condense the past 12 months of this fast-paced, ever-changing business into a single infographic.
Yes, it's Year In Numbers time, so scroll down for a selection of graphs, charts and stats that aim to offer a summary of where the games industry stands after another eventful year.
We have the usual update on the global games market value, as well as insight into the top selling games from key territories, the big winners in mobile, the balance between new and established IP at the big six publishers and platform holders, plus some assorted figures we hope will be of interest.
Before we begin, we would like to thank the following for helping us to compile this year's infographic:
Newzoo, for the global games market value and boxed vs digital revenues
Sensor Tower, for the biggest mobile games, publishers and countries by revenue and downloads
GfK Entertainment, for the UK's best-selling boxed games of the year
Famitsu, for Japan's best-selling boxed console games of the year
ICO, for the most covered games and companies
Fancensus, for the biggest influencers, livestreams and most discussed games on Twitter
Okay, time to dive in. Here is the GamesIndustry.biz Year In Numbers 2021:
Experts break down the biggest implications from the record-breaking $68.7 billion deal
Microsoft acquisition "does not change the goals" of ABK Workers Alliance
Employee group says it "remains committed to fighting for workplace improvements"
There are no comments on this article yet. Why not be the first to post one?


Also serving communities of Pittsfield.
There are 38 Assisted Living Facilities in the Concord area, with 7 in Concord and 31 nearby.
To help you with your search, browse the 117 reviews below for assisted living facilities in Concord. On average, consumers rate assisted living in Concord 3.8 out of 5 stars. Better rated regions include Manchester with an average rating of 4.0 out of 5 stars.
Caring.com has helped thousands of families find high-quality senior care. To speak with one of our Family Advisors about assisted living options and costs in Concord, call (855) 863-8283.
Concord is the capital of New Hampshire and is home to a little more than 42,000 residents, 15 percent of whom are senior citizens age 65 or older. The city is known for its charming and historic Main Street. There are 38 assisted living facilities in the Concord area. Seven of these facilities are right in Concord, while 31 are in surrounding cities and towns such as Bedford, Manchester and Franklin.
The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Health Facilities Administration licenses and regulates two types of assisted living facilities in New Hampshire: assisted living residence-supported residential health care, which are facilities who may admit residents who require a nursing level of care, and assisted living residence-residential care facilities which provide a lower level of care.
Concord Area Transit offers safe public transportation options with specialized services for seniors that include wheelchair accessible origin-to-destination routes and reduced fairs.
The Concord area is home to world-class medical facilities, including Concord Hospital, in case of medical emergencies or illness.
Concord has an array of community resources for seniors, including the GoodLife Programs & Activities, an organization that provides seniors the opportunity to take part in classes, day trips and other events with their peers, as well as two senior centers.
Concord experiences high levels of precipitation year round. The city sees an average annual rainfall of 44 inches, which is 5 inches more than the U.S. average, and an average snowfall of 62 inches, which is 36 inches more snow than the average U.S. city sees each year. Seniors who enjoy spending time outdoors may find the weather in Concord to be inconvenient.
The cost of living in Concord is more than 12 percent above the U.S. average. Seniors living in the area will find themselves spending more on health care and personal expenses.
Air quality in Concord, and throughout Merrimack County, has seen a great deal of improvement recently. Because of this, it has been given a passing grade by the American Lung Association.
Assisted Living costs in Concord start around $0 per month on average, while the nationwide average cost of assisted living is $4,000 per month, according to the latest figures from Genworth's Cost of Care Survey.
In New Hampshire, eligible seniors can apply for assistance under the Medicaid Choices for Independence 1915(c) waiver, which helps to pay for services provided in assisted living residences. An optional supplement is available to seniors receiving supplemental security income which can be used to help pay for the cost of room and board.
To see a list of free assisted living resources in Concord, please visit our Assisted Living in New Hampshire page.
Concord-area assisted living communities must adhere to the comprehensive set of state laws and regulations that all assisted living communities in New Hampshire are required to follow. Visit our Assisted Living in New Hampshire page for more information about these laws.


Taizhou Seko Plastic Co., Ltd. is a professional China PP Compression Fittings-1 Factory and PP Compression Fittings-1 Company, researcher and developer of other pipe fittings.Meanwhile we developed to making PPR fittings, wholesale PP Compression Fittings-1,PVC fittings and valves, and irrigation fittings. Now we become one of the leader at our field in the world. Also we help the customers to design their products and the molds.We insist on using the first-class hardware and software equipments, the first-class production system and making the first-class PP Compression Fittings-1.


Speaker: Dr. Jon Taylor, Professor of Political Science, University of St. Thomas. Topic: "Election 2016 - -What the Heck Just Happened?"
Dr. Jon Taylor is a Professor of Political Science, Chair of the Department of Political Science, and Director of the Master of Public Policy and Administration Program at the University of St. Thomas. Born and raised in Dallas, he holds a BA, MA, and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Oklahoma. He has both written and spoken extensively about the challenges of urbanization, Houston and Texas politics, China's fight against corruption, and the role that political science can play in the discipline. His current research focuses on urban development, China's online corruption accountability system, and comparative measurement of public corruption. His most recent publications in 2016 include Between Sinification and Internationalization: Chinese Political Science in the Post-Reform Era (Chinese Political Science Review) and The China Dream is an Urban Dream: Assessing the CPC's National New-Type Urbanization Plan (Journal of Chinese Political Science). He is currently writing a book examining the evolving role of public administration in China. He regularly contributes both opinion and analysis pieces to Chinese and U.S. media. He is a member of the American Political Science Association, the American Society for Public Administration, and the Association of Chinese Political Studies. In addition to his academic and research pursuits, Dr. Taylor was fortunate enough to meet his Nebraska Cornhusker wife, Julie, on a blind date in Dallas. For some unfathomable reason, she agreed to marry him. And because God definitely has a sense of humor, their son Owen was born 6 days after Hurricane Ike in 2008. Dr. Taylor and his family currently reside in Spring.


Usually, with the arrival of autumn, my little heart is like a leaf withering on the tree then falling, pathetically, to the ground, only to be stomped on by a woolly'n'welly wearing passerby. Not this year. This year, autumn has triumphed. It's warm and it's blue and it's bright - well done, autumn, you've successfully held my hand through and out the other side, heart intact. Heart full, in fact.
Much as I love the hearty meals called for in colder months, this gentle transition of September and October has seen lighter (even summery) meals, still finding a place on my table.
One such treat is Greek salad. This is one of those classics that - done badly - can be truly, maddeningly sub-standard. Shop-bought Greek salads... well, prepare to be disappointed. And it's quite unnecessary as this is one of the easiest of speedy suppers to throw together with just a few fresh ingredients.
A classic Greek salad, this version has a little less of the usual quantity of dressing. Serve with crusty bread.
Slice each tomato into eight wedges. Slice the cucumber lengthways before chopping each half into thin slices. Use a fork to break up the cheese into bite-sized chunks. In a bowl, combine the tomatoes, cucumber, onion, olives and cheese. In a small cup, combine the oil, vinegar, oregano and salt and pepper. Whisk the dressing before pouring over the salad. Serve immediately.
This recipe is taken from my book, The Mount Athos Diet. Get hold of a copy here.
And I was thrilled to receive some Cole + Mason products from John Lewis, which have been brilliant in this recipe. Firstly, the spice carousel with its 16 jars of herbs and spices is pretty much all anyone needs in the kitchen. I absolutely love the salt and pepper mills, which have a brilliant switch that alters the coarseness of each. And finally, an oil and vinegar mister is an ace way to add dressing and flavour to salads without coating too heavily.


Transport and performance protection for Pioneer DDJ-1000 DJ controller.
The compact Flight Zone® FZDDJ1000 case specifically designed to hold the Pioneer DDJ-1000 Rekordbox DJ controller features Odyssey's exclusive, patent pending, high-density quick access open port bevel foam interior that neatly angles upward around the controller which is elevated from the lower section of the case for an efficient control surface. The sleek reverse lid shallow bottom design allows easy access to the front controls and headphone/mic jacks. Each is built with rubber feat, hefty ball corners, and heavy-duty recessed latches and handle.
Protection and transport for the Pioneer DDJ-1000 DJ controller.
Dimensions (exterior): 31.25" x 7.75" x 19.75"


text:
Port of Camas-Washougal Office
24 S. "A" St.
Washougal, WA 98671 United States
Port of Camas-Washougal
November 19, 2018 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PST
An event every month that begins at 5:00pm on day First of the month, repeating indefinitely
An event every month that begins at 12:00pm on day Third of the month, repeating indefinitely
Port of Camas-Washougal Office, 24 S. "A" St.
Washougal, WA 98671 United States + Google Map
The commission meets on the first and third Wednesdays of each month. The commission meets at 5 p.m. on the first Wednesday and at noon on the third Wednesday. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the meetings will be held virtually. For more information, visit portcw.com.
February 2, 2022 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PST
February 16, 2022 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PST
An event every month that begins at 12:00pm on day First of the month, repeating indefinitely
March 2, 2022 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PST
March 16, 2022 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PDT
April 6, 2022 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PDT
April 20, 2022 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PDT
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June 15, 2022 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PDT
July 6, 2022 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PDT
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September 7, 2022 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PDT
September 21, 2022 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PDT
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October 19, 2022 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PDT
November 2, 2022 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PDT
November 16, 2022 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PST
December 7, 2022 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PST
December 21, 2022 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PST
January 4 @ 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm PST
January 18 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm PST


text:
Baligród (polaco: Gmina Baligród) é uma gminy (comuna) na Polónia, na voivodia de Subcarpácia e no condado de Leski. A sede do condado é a cidade de Baligród.

De acordo com os censos de 2004, a comuna tem 3182 habitantes, com uma densidade 20,1 hab/km².

Área
Estende-se por uma área de 158,12 km², incluindo:
 área agrícola: 22%
 área florestal: 67%

Demografia
Dados de 30 de Junho 2004:

De acordo com dados de 2002, o rendimento médio per capita ascendia a 1501,78 zł.

Comunas vizinhas
 Cisna, Komańcza, Lesko, Solina, Zagórz

Ligações externas

Comunas da Polônia


by Dónal P. O'Mathúna, Ph.D.
Widespread news coverage of alternative medicine reflects growing interest in these therapies. In response, many medical schools and nursing colleges now teach courses in alternative therapies. Some are available in certain hospitals, and insurance companies sometimes cover them. What should Christians think of this cultural trend? We must seek to understand why people are interested in these therapies so that we can bring the power of Christ to bear on the underlying needs.
Many terms are used to describe these therapies: complementary, unconventional, holistic, fringe, or New Age medicine. Each term has different connotations contributing to different definitions of alternative medicine. Sometimes broad definitions give the impression that popular use is higher than may be the case. A frequently cited New England Journal of Medicine study found that 34% of Americans used some unconventional therapy during 1990, spending $13.7 billion. Included were alternatives like Chinese herbal medicine, chiropractic, homeopathy and energy healing. However, also included were therapies few would classify as alternatives: self-help groups, weight-loss programs and relaxation techniques!
Yet interest in the health benefits of lifestyle issues could be seen as an 'alternative' to a purely physical approach to health and healing. Modern medicine has often neglected the importance of lifestyle, relationships, stress, and spirituality. The difficulty in defining these terms should caution us against quickly endorsing or rejecting alternative medicine en masse. We believe Christians can welcome and affirm certain aspects of alternative medicine, but other aspects demand caution, and still others must be completely rejected.
The perceived emphasis on technology, drugs and surgery in modern medicine makes alternative medicine seem more attractive. People are frustrated with the impersonal treatment and financial pressures of hi-tech medicine. We as Christians can empathize with these concerns. Humans are not just bags of chemicals, but are embodied spiritual, emotional and relational beings (1 Thes 5:23; Heb 4:12). Any medicine which neglects patients' feelings, family dynamics, or lifestyle issues fails to care for the whole person (2 Sam 13:2; Prov 3:8; 17:22). Scripture, unlike modern or alternative medicine, also claims we cannot have complete health without dealing with our moral guilt (Ps 32:3-4; 1 Cor 11:29-30). Only Christ can 'treat' this.
Many seek alternatives when dealing with chronic illness or death. We must be sensitive to people's struggles in these trying times. But frantic searching after the latest technological or natural remedy is not the answer. We should certainly care for our bodies and pursue appropriate treatments, especially recognizing that our bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 6:19-20). However, we should not worship our bodies and expect to be free of suffering. Paul prayed that the thorn in his flesh (thought by many to have been some illness) would be removed, yet it was not (2 Cor 12:7-10). He was comforted knowing his weakness strengthened the power of Christ in him. He learned, and calls on us to learn, to be content in any circumstance (Phil 4:11-13). We can also be comforted knowing that sickness, pain and death will be eradicated (1 Cor 15:26; Rev 21:4). We must base our hope on these promises, not the uncertainties of modern or alternative medicine.
Two biblical principles guide us in choosing treatments: stewardship, and avoiding evil practices. Stewardship should lead us to ask whether therapies work or not. Some alternative medicines have never been researched, but others have. Those found beneficial are gaining credibility among health care professionals, e.g. chiropractic for lower back problems, acupuncture for pain, and biofeedback for behavior modification. Lifestyle issues, stress reduction, and caring for the whole person, are demonstrably important. However, many alternative therapies have failed to demonstrate significant benefits in controlled trials, e.g. iridology, homeopathy, and aura healing. Yet media reports usually don't mention these, leaving the impression that no alternatives have been shown to be ineffective, and that criticisms are based only on biases.
The lack of consensus on a definition of alternative medicine causes problems here also. For example, one critic cited inLife noted that little scientific evidence backs up the claims of alternative medicines. The journalist responded that, "This is not entirely true," and mentioned studies dealing with massage, support groups, exercise, diet and meditation. However, his article had been describing practices such as craniosacral therapy, cupping, homeopathy and pulse diagnosis. Clearly, this is comparing apples with oranges! Yet these rhetorical tactics are commonplace with proponents of alternative medicine, and are not limited to the popular media.
Therapeutic touch (TT) is a popular nursing alternative therapy. Proponents claim people are primarily energy fields. These extend a few inches beyond the skin, and can be detected when meditating. Nurses pass their hands a few inches over patients' bodies without making contact. Imbalances in the energy field are corrected by "effortless effort" guided by the nurse's good intentions. Rochelle Mackey claimed in a nursing article that several studies show that TT reduces pain. The only one described, by TT proponent Thérèse Meehan, actually concluded "that TT does not significantly decrease postoperative pain." Meehan responded to Mackey's article, writing "that the effects of TT on pain are unclear and replication studies are needed before any conclusions can be drawn. . . . Other claims about outcomes are, in fact, speculation." Yet Mackey's article continues the illusion that TT is research-supported, while reviews of the research show this is clearly not the case.
God is a personal being to whom we can (and should) pray for healing (Jm 5:14-16). But we cannot expect to control God's power (Luke 4:22-27; Acts 8:18-23). Rather, we should submit to his will for our lives (Jm 4:15). In contrast, life energy is an impersonal force accessible for healing through various techniques. Unlike God, however, it makes no moral claims on people. In effect, these practices offer control over divine power without the need to repent. What is promoted as alternative medicine is actually alternative religion. As one practitioner said in Time, "I got more from mind-body medicine than I bargained for: I got religion. . . . The God I have found is common to Moses and Muhammad, to Buddha and Jesus. . . . It is what the Cabala calls Ayin, Nothingness, No-Thingness. It is Spirit, Being, the All."
Belief in the existence of life energy is deeply rooted in Eastern mystical religions and Western occult traditions. One of TT's founders encourages use of divination. Barbara Brennan's Healing Touch recommends the use of spirit guides. Information about Reiki, an ancient Japanese therapy, is available through channeling. One alternative medicine encyclopedia notes that life force or prana "can be harnessed by the individual who sensitizes himself by certain occult practices." These include deep breathing, chanting mantras, advanced visualization and "secret rituals which have been closely guarded secrets of the highest mystery schools on earth . . . and beyond."
Even if therapies based on life energies do heal, Christians must be willing to forgo them. There are fates worse than illness and deformity in this life (Mark 9:43-48). We are to completely avoid the occult (Deu 18:9-14; Isa 8:19; Acts 19:18-19; 1 Cor 10:19-22). False prophets used divination and visions, but only revealed the futility and deception of their minds (Jer 23:16-17; Eze 13:6-8). Sorcery, spells and astrology are useless in our hour of need (Isa 47:9-13).
Instead, we must turn to God and the resources he gives us. We can learn to face illness and death with Paul's hope and contentment (Phil 1:21-24). We should pursue health care as good stewards of the lives and gifts we have been given (1 Cor 12:7). But our focus should be on glorifying God and serving others (Rom 14:7-9). When people see us loving others as God loves us, they will be drawn to his love (John 13:35). They can then experience the true healing which comes through a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. Modern health care could be changed to better reflect the care God wants given to everyone. In doing this, we may gain some insights from alternative medicine, but we must reject those religious practices based on Eastern and occult religions.
Barbara Ann Brennan, Hands of Light: A Guide to Healing Through the Human Energy Field (New York: Bantam Books, 1988).
George Howe Colt, "See Me, Feel Me, Touch Me, Heal Me,"Life (September 1996): 34-50.
David M. Eisenberg, et al, "Unconventional Medicine in the United States," New England Journal of Medicine 328 (January 1993): 246-52.
Malcolm Hulke, ed., "Spiritual Healing," The Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine and Self-Help (New York: Schocken Books, 1979).
Marty Kaplan, "Ambushed by Spirituality," Time (24 June 1996): 62.
Rochelle Mackey, "Discover the Healing Power of Therapeutic Touch," American Journal of Nursing (April 1995): 27-32.
Thérèse C. Meehan, "Therapeutic Touch and Postoperative Pain: A Rogerian Research Study," Nursing Science Quarterly6 (1993): 69-78.
Thérèse C. Meehan, "Quackery and Pseudo-Science," in Letters, American Journal of Nursing (July 1995): 17.
Dónal P. O'Mathúna, "Postmodern Impact: Health Care," inThe Death of Truth (Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1996).
Dónal P. O'Mathúna, "Therapeutic Touch: Pleasing to God?"Journal of Christian Nursing, in press.
Diane Stein, Essential Reiki: A Complete Guide to an Ancient Healing Art (Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1995).


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Q: Heisenberg picture of displacement In a certain model the displacement operator for the normal modes in a lattice is given by $$u_{s}=\sum_{\textbf{k}}\left(\frac{\hbar}{2mn\omega_{k}}\right)^{1/2}(a_{k}e^{iksb}+a_{k}^{+}e^{-iksb}).$$ Here, $a$ and $a^{+}$ denote the usual creation and annihilation operators for bosons and $b$ is a real constant. If the Hamiltonian for this dynamical system takes the form $$H=\sum_{k}\hbar\omega_{k}(a_{k}^{+}a_{k}+1/2),$$ which can be thought of as a set of uncoupled harmonic oscillators, then the Heisenberg picture for this same operator is $$u_{s}(t)=e^{iHt}u_{s}e^{-iHt}.$$ This is the quantity I'm trying to find. However, upon computing this last expression one finds $$u_{s}(t)=e^{it\sum_{k}\hbar\omega_{k}(a_{k}^{+}a_{k}+1/2)}\sum_{\textbf{k}}\left(\frac{\hbar}{2mn\omega_{k}}\right)^{1/2}(a_{k}e^{iksb}+a_{k}^{+}e^{-iksb})e^{-it\sum_{k}\hbar\omega_{k}(a_{k}^{+}a_{k}+1/2)},$$ which I do not know how to handle.
Any ideas as to how to keep calculating?

A: You have to use the BCH lemma:
$$e^{H}ae^{-H}= a+[H,a]+\frac{1}{2!}[H,[H,a]]+\frac{1}{3!}[H,[H,[H,a]]]+...$$
Here $H=ita^\dagger a$. You also need the commutation of $[H,a]=it[a^\dagger a, a]$. You can calculate it using the commutator relation of:
$$it[a^\dagger a, a]=ita^\dagger[ a, a]+ it[a^\dagger, a]a=-ita$$
I believe you can do the rest.

A: An easy way to this result is to use the basis in which the operator is diagonal. So you have states such that $$\hat a^\dagger \hat a |n\rangle = n |n\rangle,$$and in this basis one can choose phase factors so that $$\hat a = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \sqrt{n+1}~ |n\rangle\langle n+1|.$$Because the operator is diagonal in this basis, $$\exp\left(i \omega t~\hat a^\dagger \hat a\right) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty e^{in\omega t}|n\rangle\langle n|,$$ and so for example$$\begin{align}
\tilde a(t) &= \exp\left(i \omega t~\hat a^\dagger \hat a\right) ~\hat a~ \exp\left(-i \omega t~\hat a^\dagger \hat a\right)\\
&=\sum_{\ell m n}e^{i(\ell - n)\omega t}\sqrt{m+1} ~ |\ell\rangle\langle \ell|m\rangle\langle m + 1|n\rangle \langle n |\\
&=\sum_{n=1}^\infty e^{-i\omega t}\sqrt{n}|n-1\rangle\langle n|\\
&=e^{-i\omega t}\hat a.
\end{align}
$$
Indeed once you have worked this out without all of the other complexity, it is not hard (but it takes some experience!) to see that all of the complexity "commutes" with this essential complexity of figuring out how one of these things evolves, so that you can just substitute in the answer,
$$\tilde u_{s}(t) =\sum_{\textbf{k}}\left(\frac{\hbar}{2mn\omega_{k}}\right)^{1/2}(a_{k}e^{iksb - i \omega_k t}+a_{k}^{+}e^{i\omega_k t-iksb}).$$

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Right here a question pops up before us. We are going on this trip far back into the virgin forest, and the trail is long and rough; how then can we transport an unwieldy crosscut saw and such fragile stuff as glass? We will remove the handles from the saw and bind over the tooth edge a grooved strip of wood. This makes it safe to carry, and while still somewhat unhandy it is the best we can do, for we cannot shorten its length. For the window, we will take only the glass — six sheets of eight. By ten or ten by fourteen size. Between each sheet we place a piece of corrugated packing board, and the whole is packed in a case.


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Game of the People
Flying the flag for football as it should be played
1001 Floodlit Dreams
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Burnley 1959-60 – a good year for claret
BURNLEY, with a population of around 80,000, is the smallest town ever to give birth to a Football League Championship winning team. It has the classic image of a Lowryesque mill town of chimneys, and at one stage, looms outnumbered people. And in the football club's heyday, a large percentage of local folk would shuffle along to Turf Moor to watch the Clarets.
Today, the demographics have changed significantly – Burnley has had its multi-racial problems like many towns, and as with most old footballing names, they live in the shadow on bigger, more heralded names. But the club still retains an affectionate following as one of the 12 founder members of the Football League.
In the days when playing fields were a damn sight more level than they are today, Burnley still managed to upset the establishment and in 1960, won only their second Football League Championship title. They did it with a young side that some commentators said would dominate the 1960s. That didn't quite happen, and neither did the similarly-dubbed "team of the 1970s" when Burnley's next generation came along.
But in 1960, all roads led to Turf Moor as an unfashionable club lifted the title, ahead of the more celebrated Wolves and Tottenham.
The good Lord
In the days when football clubs were run by butchers, bakers and candlestick makers, to coin a phrase, Burnley's driving force was a blunt, straight-talking owner of 14 butcher's shops. Bob Lord was the son of a barber and a local lad. He was desperate to join the Burnley board and was successful at the second attempt. He became chairman in 1955 and his reign at Turf Moor made Burnley one of the most progressive clubs around – on and off the field of play.
Lord was far from popular with the football cognoscenti, but he got things done and in some ways, was quite a visionary. He may have been pugnacious and autocratic, but it was Lord who led the movement in football to appoint a team manager to take care of team selection – up until then, directors bought and picked players. Harry Potts, a former Burnley inside left, was Lord's choice as manager. Lord also transformed Turf Moor into one of the most comfortable grounds of the 1960s, although if the under-seat heating hadn't proved so expensive in one of the new stands, prompting Lord to switch it off, Burnley fans would have been sitting in the lap of luxury! And Lord also pioneered the famed "football specials", trains taking fans to away games.
Sons of the space race
The late 1950s represented the start of the so-called "space race" as the US and USSR started to explore the cosmos. Burnley, with its mill-town image and Lancashire earthiness, could not have been more removed from the zeitgeist. But as this was the age of youth, Burnley tapped into the new trend of developing young players in the way that Matt Busby built his "Babes".
From 1955-56 to 1962-63, Burnley never finished lower than seventh in the old first division. In 1958-59, there was little hint that they might sustain a major title challenge, but in some ways, with Manchester United – along with Wolves the dominant force of the age – now rebuilding following the tragedy of Munich, Burnley filled one of the gaps left by Busby's protégés. Burnley's 1959-60 side comprised more than half a dozen home-grown players, and another two who could be considered home nurtured. Potts paid money for one player – Alex Elder – in 1958, but it was another eight years before he put cash on the table for a player.
Manchester City's Dave Ewing (fourth r) and Bert Trautmann (second r) look on as Burnley's Ray Pointer (c, black shorts) celebrates his team's opening goal in the vital game at Maine Road. Photo: PA
Goalkeeper Adam Blacklaw joined the club's groundstaff from school and was still only 21 when the 1959-60 campaign kicked off. Full backs Alex Elder – picked up for £ 5,000 from Glentoran as a 17 year-old – and John Angus were both kids. The key to Burnley's side, however, was Irishman Jimmy McIlroy, who was a relative "oldie" in the team at 27. He was described as "the brain of Burnley" and was an excellent passer of the ball. He was partnered by "Mr Burnley", Jimmy Adamson, who played more than 400 games for the Clarets, mostly at inside forward. Adamson, like fellow wing-half Brian Miller, went on to manage the club. Miller was one of the home-grown starlets and was capped by England. Tommy Cummings completed the half-back line, another youth product who was approaching the veteran stage of his career.
Up front, Ray Pointer and John Connelly formed a lethal partnership, scoring 19 and 20 league goals respectively. Pointer, known by the much-used "Blond bombshell" nickname, was a high-octane player who never seemed to stop running. Connelly missed the final, title clinching game of the season due to a cartilage operation, but his contribution, built on pace and cutting inside from the flank to score spectacular goals, was invaluable. He went on to play in the 1966 World Cup as a Manchester United winger. Connelly's place in the final game went to Trevor Meredith, who scored the winning goal but didn't receive a title medal. He would today. Brian Pilkington was picked up from Leyland Motors and drove on to make a cameo appearance for England. Jimmy Robson also scored 18 goals in 1959-60, including five in one game against Nottingham Forest. Robson's picture hangs in almost every football boardroom in the country. It was his goal in the 1962 FA Cup final that is captured in a painting awarded to every member club of the FA. Robson's goal, for Burnley against Tottenham, was the 100th FA Cup final goal at Wembley.
Jimmy McIlroy in action at Tottenham Hotspur. Photo: PA
Last-gasp triumph
Burnley didn't top the league table until the very final game, although they were chasing the front two for much of the season.
They started well, winning seven of their first 10 games, leaving them in fourth place with a cluster of clubs, and one point behind leaders Tottenham. In November, they beat reigning champions Wolves 4-1 at Turf Moor, a result that highlighted the potential of Potts' team.
Burnley went into 1960 in third place, but had seen their hopes damaged by a 1-4 home defeat against Manchester United, just two days after they had won 2-1 at Old Trafford.
When Burnley beat Tottenham 2-0 in March, the media enthused about the exuberance of Burnley's young side, who were chasing a league and cup double. But when the Clarets went to Wolves at the end of the month, they were four points behind Spurs in top place, but had two games in hand. Wolves gained revenge for their earlier drubbing by hammering Burnley 6-1. Surely, Burnley couldn't win the league?
But with two games to go, Burnley were level on points with Wolves, who had just one left. The title was within their grasp. On the final day of the campaign, Wolves won 5-1 at Chelsea, while Burnley drew, nervously, with Fulham at home. That pushed Burnley down to third place, one point behind Wolves and level on points with Spurs. But Burnley still had to visit Manchester City on May 2. A win would give them their first League Championship since 1921.
Brian Pilkington gave them a fourth minute lead, but City equalized in the 12th minute. Trevor Meredith, just 20 and five feet five inches tall, volleyed the winner after a defensive error after half an hour.
So Burnley won 2-1 and lifted the title. The team remained one of the best in the land for a couple of years, entered the European Cup in 1960-61 and finished runners-up in the FA Cup in 1962. They were eclipsed somewhat by the Tottenham double side, but they enjoyed their moment in the sun. They took the limelight away from the traditional heavyweights of the game. Wouldn't it be nice if such a story could happen today?
GOTP Editorial - NF Jensen September 26, 2019 September 26, 2019 Burnley, featured, great reputations, League Champions, Turf Moor
2 thoughts on "Burnley 1959-60 – a good year for claret"
Shane Wright says:
Excellent – I had no idea Alex Elder commanded a transfer fee, That information robs me of one of my favourite football stumpers – the championship side assembled for nothing.
Rita Hicks says:
Brought back a lot of great memories. What a team.
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Olympics 2012: North Korea in wrong flag row
London Olympic organizers have apologized to the North Korean women's football team after their images were shown on a screen beside a South Korean flag.
Kick-off at Glasgow's Hampden Park on the first day of the Games' sporting action was delayed for about an hour.
The men's football competition gets under way with eight games later, including Britain v Senegal at Old Trafford at 20:00 BST.
The penultimate day of the torch relay sees the flame visit Buckingham Palace.
The flag mix-up at Hampden Park had been an "embarrassing mistake" and not the start Games organizers would have wanted, but "no great harm was done".
As the North Korean players were being introduced before the match against Colombia, South Korean flags were mistakenly displayed in the video package.
London Olympic organizers have apologized to the North Korean women's football team after their images were shown on a screen beside a South Korean flag
The squad walked off and could only be persuaded to return when the teams were announced again with each player's face displayed next to the North Korean flag.
Relations between the two Koreas are tense – they remain technically at war following the 1950-53 Korean conflict, which ended in an armistice.
Speaking after the match, North Korea's coach Sin Ui Gun said: "Our team was not going to participate unless the problem was solved properly…
"Unfortunately it took some time later for the broadcast to be done again properly and we made the decision to go on with the match."
It was not immediately clear who had produced the video shown in the stadium.
A statement released by London 2012 organizers said: "We will apologize to the team and the National Olympic Committee and steps will be taken to ensure this does not happen again."
London 2012 spokesman Andy Mitchell said: "The South Korean flag was shown in the video package on the screen before the kick-off and the North Koreans were naturally very upset about that…
"A genuine mistake was made for which we apologize."
The opening match in the men's football gets under way at 12:00 BST at Hampden Park when Honduras take on Morocco, followed by Spain v Japan.
Matches are also taking place at St James' Park in Newcastle, Cardiff's Millennium Stadium and the City of Coventry Stadium.
In other Olympics news:
• In the first event of the Games, Britain's women footballers beat New Zealand 1-0 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. This was one of six women's football matches played on Wednesday
• Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall visited the torch relay in Tottenham, north London, on Wednesday. On the torch relay's penultimate outing – day 69, which can be followed live here – the flame will pass through Downing Street and be greeted at Buckingham Palace by Princes William and Harry, and the Duchess of Cambridge
• A global investment conference being held in London on Thursday will kick off a series of business summits intended to showcase the UK and attract investment during
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Hidden celiac disease symptoms make diagnosis difficult. Tests for celiac are only run if suspected. These lesser known symptoms will throw your doctor off.
This is a partial list, but as you can see, gluten can have a very widespread and distructive effect on the body. If you were diagnosed with diabetes for example, you would probably not suspect celiac disease as the root cause and most likely your doctor wouldn't either. Especially n0t your doctor, since you would see a specialist who by definition, only knows about thier narrow field, at least in most cases, and would get on with treating the symptoms without considering the cause as being gluten-related.
What is your experience with hidden celiac disease symptoms? Please leave a comment.


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FIFA Women's World Cup: Mikel Obi speaks on Super Falcons' 1-0 defeat to France
Home » Sport » FIFA Women's World Cup: Mikel Obi speaks on Super Falcons' 1-0 defeat to France
Ifreke Inyang
Super Eagles captain, John Mikel Obi, has praised the Super Falcons despite their 1-0 defeat to France on Monday, which put them on the verge of elimination from the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Wendie Renard's 79th-minute penalty condemned the hard-fighting African champions to their second defeat of the tournament.
Nigeria finished as Group A's third best side and could advance to the Round of 16, should they rank among the four best third-placed teams from the six groups.
Despite the team's defeat, Mikel Obi has expressed his pride in their performance and assured them of maximum support from the Eagles' camp in Egypt.
"I just want to say well done for your efforts, we've been watching […] in camp.
"The Super Eagles have been keeping a close eye on the games watching you guys. You've been doing amazingly well.
"You guys have been giving the best, you played wonderfully well [against France] but it's a shame you lost, and I want to say keep going and hopefully you guys can make it.
"The entire Super Eagles are behind you and wish you the best," Mikel said in a video posted on Super Falcons' Twitter handle.
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AFCON 2019: What Mikel Obi said about Super Eagles' semi-final opponents
Nigeria vs South Africa: What Mikel Obi, Ahmed Musa told me – Samuel Chukwueze


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