Drawing on his early career work on fibre and cable design, Stuart Barnes shares his perspective on the drive for more bandwidth in submarine links. This white paper looks to debunk what can and cannot be done as we approach the Shannon Limit.
During the last few months Xtera and University College London (UCL) have worked together to explore how large capacities can be achieved based on technology which can be industrialised. Using hybrid EDFA / Distributed Raman Amplifiers, the result is a record breaking capacity of 120 Terabit/s on a single fibre, over 9 spans of 70 km. To ensure that the design could be industrialised the amplifiers used were based on the hybrid Raman-EDFA design that Xtera currently uses for subsea amplifiers, with the bandwidth increased by adding extra Raman pumps.
The following presentation on Open and Extended Systems was given by Xtera's CTO Tony Frisch at the Subsea Connect Americas Conference in December 2017. Tony discusses the variety of different flavours that Open Systems come in, and addresses some of the problems and their solutions.
Unrepeatered (UR) transmission systems are characterized by an extremely long fiber span with no in-line electrically powered elements between the terminals and are typically deployed in submarine environments. The relative performance of UR links is constrained by four main factors: fiber properties, transponder technology, Raman amplification, and remote optically-pumped amplifier (ROPA) design and location , .
Submarine systems have enjoyed the tremendous advances in coherent transmission brought about by high DSP technology over the last few years. These techniques have brought us remarkably close to the Shannon limit. Increasing the transmission capacity further is achievable by selecting improved system parameters such as a smaller fibre attenuation coefficient and a lower nonlinear coefficient.
The past 15 years have seen an incredible increase in data rates of optical transponders and, more recently, a move to multi-level phase modulated formats and coherent digital signal processing at the receiver. However, the fiber optic transport system has not changed much over this time and is dominated by C-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). These am- plifiers are the main building blocks of the transport system that define the performance characteristics of the optical net- work independent of the transponders.
The capacity of ultra-long haul (ULH) submarine systems is ultimately limited by the electrical power that can be delivered to the submerged amplifiers within the repeaters. An excessive power feed voltage will cause damage to the cable and joints and so the system should be designed to maximize the power available per repeater using the available voltage.
Larger network bandwidth to meet ever increasing traffic demand requires higher transport capacity. For unrepeatered applications, several reports have already been published on both high capacity and long reach unrepeatered transmission [1-8]. However, these results often require either a mix of fiber types in the span [2, 4-7], very strong (> 5W) high-order Raman pumping [1, 4, 7], or offline-channel processing [3, 6], which are less practical in real deployments.
Many applications would benefit from very-long, "skinny" (low-capacity) unrepeatered systems. One such application is terrestrial routes in remote and hostile areas (tropical forest, desert…) for which the use of unrepeatered transmission alleviates the need for intermediate amplification sites (and associated operational expenses).
Unrepeatered transmission systems provide a cost-effective solution in submarine networks to communicate between coastal population centers or in terrestrial networks to connect remote areas where service access is difficult. One of the main goals of unrepeatered systems is to achieve the longest reach without any inline active elements.
One of the factors limiting the potential capacity of a long submarine cable is the need to power the optical amplifiers which compensate for fibre loss. This paper shows how a number of routes to higher capacity all result in higher power requirements and uses the Shannon formula to assess upper limits on capacity. The results suggest that a promising, and practical, route to raising the limit would be to improve the powering of the optical amplifiers.
The insatiable quest for higher capacity in the optical backbone networks, fueled by video, cloud and other high capacity services, applies to both mature and emerging countries worldwide and in any geographical areas as well. Installation of new, high data rate backbone networks continues apace as a key driver for economic advancement in developing regions of the world.
Given the introduction of coherent 100G systems has provided enough fiber capacity to meet data traffic growth in the near term, enhancing network efficiency will be service providers' high priority. Adding flexibility at the optical layer is a key step to increasing network efficiency, and both spectral and spatial functionality will be considered in next generation optical networks along with advanced network management to effectively harness the new capabilities.
It is well known that Raman amplification can improve system performance, but by what amount? I recently have written a review article on Raman amplification  based on an Invited Tutorial presented at OFC 2015 . This article provides a good overview on how Raman amplification works in real systems and describes a method to calculate the nonlinear transmission penalties in coherent links. It also describes the implementation and control of Raman modules.
Insatiable capacity growth and lower cost per transported bit are part of the main challenges any long-haul optical transmission infrastructure needs to cope with. The advent at the beginning of this decade of 100G channel rate, with PM-QPSK modulation format associated with digital coherent detection , offered a 10-fold capacity increase compared to networks based on 10G waves.
PM-QPSK has become the standard long-haul transmission modulation format for practical carrier networks while PM-16QAM has been considered for practical metro and regional networks [1, 2]. Since much higher SNR is required for 16QAM signals compared with QPSK signals it has not been considered so far to run 16QAM signals for long-haul distance in a real field environment with lossy and aged fiber.
In the past few years, we have seen a tremendous surge in fiber capacity enabled by 100G optical channels built upon PM-QPSK (Polarization Multiplexing Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation format. The quest for extreme bandwidth in optical backbone networks, however, seems never ending.
30 Gbaud opto-electronics and Raman technologies have quickly become the new standards for terrestrial backbone networks. Today, the different subsea market segments take benefit from these new technologies as well.
This insatiable demand for more bandwidth in optical backbone networks is fueled not only by increases in the number of users, the access methods and rates, but also the increased importance of data centers, cloud and the number of services (such as mobile, social media, and video in general).
Network operators who want to have frequent low bitrate client add/drop points on a long-haul 100G DWDM route have three legitimate options. They can 1) use a second pair of fibers for a parallel 10G DWDM system, 2) share the optical spectrum by adding 10G wavelength in with the 100G wavelengths on the same system, or 3) drop a 100G channl and mux/demux the lower rate clients from it at every add/drop point. Xtera can support three options.
Until recently the main purpose of line monitoring, or supervisory, was to monitor the repeater status, detect system degradation and locate faults. As systems become more complex the submerged equipment may need, however, to be controlled as well as monitored. The Branching Unit (BU) is a good example: while electrical switching can be controlled by power-feed currents, several suppliers have used supervisory signaling as a way of addressing some of the issues that this can create.
Below the water, laid on the sea floor, numerous high-capacity submarine cables connect countries and continents. Today, optical subsea cable systems carry more than 95% of the world's international voice and data traffic. This figure clearly shows that very little international traffic is carried by satellite, which is still a popular misconception.
Traditional networks consist of two operating planes: the management plane and the transport or data plane. In this architecture, the data plane carries the user data. It consists of various network equipment, such as interface cards, switching equipment, and the fiber plant. Network operating information is managed by the management plane consisting of the Element Management System (EMS), the Network Management System (NMS) and the Operation Support System (OSS).
For the world's complex infrastructure of information and communications technologies, industry standards are critical to the interoperability of all networks regardless of whether they are for voice, data or video. Industry standards allow these networks to "speak the same language," and be able to exchange information among them.
Installation of new, high data rate backbone networks continues apace as a key for economic advancement in developing regions of the world. Providing a reliable infrastructure for the movement of large volumes of telecoms data are as important for the economic development of a country as road network is for transporting physical goods.
From its inception, Xtera's objective was to develop a Raman-centric solution that brings together operational excellence and simplicity, as well as outstanding reach and capacity in optical transmission performances, in field conditions. Unlike competitive offerings where integrating optical Raman amplifiers with EDFAs is an afterthought, Xtera designed its optical networking platform from the ground up to combine different optical amplification flavors, ranging from simple EDFA to all-distributed Raman amplification.
Continuous capacity growth – fueled by video and cloud services – and lower cost per transported bit are part of the main challenges any long-haul optical transmission infrastructure needs to cope with. The advent at the beginning of this decade of 100G channel rate, associated with digital coherent detection, offered a 10-fold capacity increase compared to networks based on 10G waves.
HE past 15 years have seen an incredible increase in data rates of optical transponders and, more recently, a move to multi-level phase modulated formats and coherent digital signal processing at the receiver. However, the fiber optic transport system has not changed much over this time and is dominated by C-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). These am- plifiers are the main building blocks of the transport system that define the performance characteristics of the optical net- work independent of the transponders.
An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is a passive optical device that is constructed of an array of waveguides, each of slightly different length. With a AWG, you can take a multiwavelength input and separate the component wavelengths on to different output ports. The reverse operation can also be performed, combining several input ports on to a single output port of multiple wavelengths. An advantage of AWGs is their ability to operate bidirectionally. AWGs are used to perform wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing, as well as wavelength add/drop operations.
Bit error rate (BER) is the measure of the transmission quality of a digital signal. It is an expression of errored bits vs. total transmitted bits, presented in a ratio. Whereas a BER performance of 10-9 (one bit in one billion is an error) is acceptable in DS1 or DS3 transmission, the expected performance for high speed optical signals is on the order of 1015. Bit error rate is a measurement integrated over a period of time, with the time interval required being longer for lower BERs. One way of making a prediction of the BER of a signal is with a Q-factor measurement.
Lowest loss characteristics on SSMF fiber.
Low susceptibility to attenuation from fiber micro-bending. EDFA amplifiers operate in the C-band window.
The distortion of a signal pulse during transport due to the spreading out of the wavelengths making up the spectrum of the pulse. The refractive index of the fiber material varies with the wavelength, causing wavelengths to travel at different velocities. Since signal pulses consist of a range of wavelengths, they will spread out during transport.
A passive multiport device, typically 3 or 4 ports, where the signal entering at one port travels around the circulator and exits at the next port. In asymmetrical configurations, there is no routing of traffic between the port 3 and port 1. Due to their low loss characteristics, circulators are useful in wavelength demux and add/drop applications.
A coupler is a passive device that combines and/or splits optical signals. The power loss in the output signals depends on the number of ports. In a two port device with equal outputs, each output signal has a 3 dB loss (50% power of the input signal). Most couplers used in single mode optics operate on the principle of resonant coupling. Common technologies used in passive couplers are fused-fiber and planar waveguides.
Couplers can be "tuned" to operate only on specific wavelengths (or wavelength ranges). These wavelength selective couplers are useful in coupling amplifier pump lasers with the DWDM signal.
A dispersion compensation unit removes the effects of dispersion accumulated during transmission, thus repairing a signal pulse distorted by chromatic dispersion. If a signal suffers from the effects of positive dispersion during transmission, then the DCU will repair the signal using negative dispersion.
In an attempt to optimize long haul transport on optical fiber, DSF was developed. DSF has its zero dispersion wavelength shifted from the 1310nm wavelength to a minimal attenuation region near the 1550nm wavelength. This fiber, designated ITU-T G.653, was recognized for its ability to transport a single optical signal a great distance before regeneration. However, in DWDM transmission, signal impairments from four-wave mixing are greatest around the fiber's zero-dispersion point. Therefore, with DSF's zero-dispersion point falling within the C-Band, DSF fiber is not suitable for C-band DWDM transmission.
DSF makes up a small percentage of the US deployed fiber plant, and is no longer being deployed. DSF has been deployed in significant amounts in Japan, Mexico, and Italy.
The power source for amplifying the signal, typically a 980nm or 1480nm laser.
Single mode fiber, doped with erbium ions, acts as the gain fiber, transferring the power from the pump laser to the target wavelengths.
Couples the pump laser wavelength to the gain fiber while filtering out any extraneous wavelengths from the laser output.
Prevents any back-reflected light from entering the amplifier.
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a piece of optical fiber that has its internal refractive index varied in such a way that it acts as a grating. In its basic operation, a FBG is constructed to reflect a single wavelength, and pass the remaining wavelengths. The reflected wavelength is determined by the period of the fiber grating.
If the pattern of the grating is periodic, a FBG can be used in wavelength mux / demux applications, as well as wavelength add / drop applications. If the grating is chirped (non-periodic), then a FBG can be used as a chromatic dispersion compensator.
The interaction of adjacent channels in WDM systems produces sidebands (like harmonics), thus creating coherent crosstalk in neighboring channels. Channels mix to produce sidebands at intervals dependent on the frequencies of the interacting channels. The effect becomes greater as channel spacing is decreased. Also, as signal power increases, the effects of FWM increase. The presence of chromatic dispersion in a signal reduces the effects of FWM. Thus the effects of FWM are greatest near the zero dispersion point of the fiber.
The gain from an amplifier is not distributed evenly among all of the amplified channels. A gain flattening filter is used to achieve constant gain levels on all channels in the amplified region. The idea is to have the loss curve of the filter be a "mirror" of the gain curve of the amplifier. Therefore, the product of the amplifier gain and the gain flattening filter loss equals an amplified region with flat gain.
The effects of uneven gain are compounded for each amplified span. For example, if one wavelength has a gain imbalance of +4 dB over another channel, this imbalance will become +20 dB after five amplified spans.
This compounding effect means that the weaker signals may become indistinguishable from the noise floor. Also, over-amplified channels are vulnerable to increase non-linear effects.
An isolator is a passive device that allows light to pass through unimpeded in one direction, while blocking light in the opposite direction. An isolator is constructed with two polarizers (45o difference in orientation), separated by a Faraday rotator (rotates light polarization by 45o).
One important use for isolators is to prevent back-reflected light from reaching lasers. Another important use for isolators is to prevent light from counter propagating pump lasers from exiting the amplifier system on to the transmission fiber.
EDFA technology can operate in the L-band window.
A LASER (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) produces high power, single wavelength, coherent light via stimulated emission of light.
Semiconductor laser diodes are constructed of p and n semiconductor layers, with the junction of these layers being the active layer where the light is produced. Also, the lasing effect is induced by placing partially reflective surfaces on the active layer. The most common laser type used in DWDM transmission is the distributed feedback (DFB) laser. A DFB laser has a grating layer next to the active layer. This grating layer enables DFB lasers to emit precision wavelengths across a narrow band.
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a device that splits an optical signal into two components, directs each component through its own waveguide, then recombines the two components. Based on any phase delay between the two waveguides, the two re-combined signal components will interfere with each other, creating a signal with an intensity determined by the interference. The interference of the two signal components can be either constructive or destructive, based on the delay between the waveguides as related to the wavelength of the signal. The delay can be induced either by a difference in waveguide length, or by manipulating the refractive index of one or both waveguides (usually by applying a bias voltage). A common use for Mach-Zehnder interferometer in DWDM systems is in external modulation of optical signals.
After DSF, it became evident that some chromatic dispersion was needed to minimize non-linear effects, such as four wave mixing. Through new designs, λ0 was now shifted to outside the C-Band region with a decreased dispersion slope. This served to provide for dispersion values within the C-Band that were non-zero in value yet still far below those of standard single mode fiber. The NZ-DSF designation includes a group of fibers that all meet the ITU-T G.655 standard, but can vary greatly with regard to their dispersion characteristics.
An optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) adds or drops individual wavelengths to/from the DWDM aggregate at an in-line site, performing the add/drop function at the optical level. Before OADMs, back to back DWDM terminals were required to access individual wavelengths at an in-line site. Initial OADMs added and dropped fixed wavelengths (via filters), whereas emerging OADMs will allow selective wavelength add/drop (via software).
Placed immediately after a transmitter to increase the strength on the signal.
Placed in-line, approximately every 80 to 100km, to amplify an attenuated signal sufficiently to reach the next ILA or terminal site. An ILA functions solely in the optical domain, performing the 1R function.
Placed immediately before a receiver to increase the strength of a signal. The preamplifier boosts the signal to a power level within the receiver's sensitivity range.
Optical bandwidth is the total data carrying capacity of an optical fiber. It is equal to the sum of the bit rates of each of the channels. Optical bandwidth can be increased by improving DWDM systems in three areas: channel spacing, channel bit rate, and fiber bandwidth. The current benchmark for channel spacing is 50GHz. A 2X bandwidth improvement can be achieved with 25GHz spacing.
Current benchmark is 50GHz spacing. A 2X bandwidth improvement can be achieved with 25GHz spacing.
Current benchmark is 10Gb/s. A 4X bandwidth improvement can be achieved with 40Gb/s channels. However, 40Gb/s will initially require 100GHz spacing, thus reducing the benefit to 2X.
Current benchmark is C-Band Transmission. A 3X bandwidth improvement can be achieved by utilizing the "S" & "L" bands.
Optical fiber used in DWDM transmission is single mode fiber composed of a silica glass core, cladding, and a plastic coating or jacket. In single mode fiber, the core is small enough to limit the transmission of the light to a single propagation mode. The core has a slightly higher refractive index than the cladding, thus the core/cladding boundary acts as a mirror. The core of single mode fiber is typically 8 or 9 microns, and the cladding extends the diameter to 125 microns. The effective core of the fiber, or mode field diameter (MFD), is actually larger than the core itself since transmission extends into the cladding. The MFD can be 10 to 15% larger than the actual fiber core. The fiber is coated with a protective layer of plastic that extends the diameter of standard fiber to 250 microns.
Optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) is a measurement relating the peak power of an optical signal to the noise floor. In DWDM transmission, each amplifier in a link adds noise to the signal via amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), thus degrading the OSNR. A minimum OSNR is required to maintain good transmission performance. Therefore, a high OSNR at the beginning of an optical link is critical to achieving good transmission performance over multiple spans.
OSNR is measured with an optical signal analyzer (OSA). OSNR is a good indicator of overall transmission quality and system health. Therefore OSNR is an important measurement during installation, routine maintenance, and troubleshooting activities.
The optical supervisory channel (OSC) is a dedicated communications channel used for the remote management of optical network elements. Similar in principal to the DCC channel in SONET networks, the OSC inhabits its own dedicated wavelength. The industry typically uses the 1510nm or 1625nm wavelengths for the OSC.
Single mode fiber is actually bimodal, with the two modes having orthogonal polarization. The principal states of polarization (PSPs, referred to as the fast and slow axis) are determined by the symmetry of the fiber section. Dispersion caused by this property of fiber is referred to as polarization mode dispersion (PMD).
Wide bandwidth, enabling operation in C, L, and S bands.
An optical amplifier performs a 1R function (re-amplification), where the signal noise is amplified along with the signal. For each amplified span, signal noise accumulates, thus impacting the signal's optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and overall signal quality. After traversing a number of amplified spans (this number is dependent on the engineering of the specific link), a regenerator is required to rebaseline the signal. A regenerator performs the 3R function on a signal. The three R's are: re-shaping, re-timing, and re-amplification. The 3R function, with current technology, is an optical to electrical to optical operation (O-E-O). In the future, this may be done all optically.
Low susceptibility to attenuation from fiber micro-bending.
Lowest dispersion characteristics on SSMF fiber.
The refractive index of the fiber varies with respect to the optical signal intensity. This is known as the "Kerr Effect". Due to this effect, the instantaneous intensity of the signal itself can modulate its own phase. This effect can cause optical frequency shifts at the rising edge and trailing edge of the signal pulse.
Solid state design lends itself to integration with other devices, as well as mass production.
Amplifier Power – Higher power allows greater in-line amplifier (ILA) spacing, but at the risk of increased non-linear effects, thus fewer spans before generation.
Amplifier Spacing – Closer spacing of ILAs reduces the required amplifier power, thus lowering the susceptibility to non-linear effects.
Fiber Type – Newer generation fiber has less attenuation than older generation fiber, thus longer spans can be achieved on the newer fiber without additional amplifier power.
Channel Count – Since power per channel must be balanced, a higher channel count increases the total required amplifier power.
Channel Bit Rate – DWDM impairments such as PMD have greater impacts at higher channel bit rates.
Standard single-mode fiber, or ITU-T G.652, has its zero dispersion point at approximately the 1310nm wavelength, thus creating a significant dispersion value in the DWDM window. To effectively transport today's wavelength counts (40 – 80 channels and beyond) and bit rates (2.5Gbps and beyond) within the DWDM window, management of the chromatic dispersion effects has to be undertaken through extensive use of dispersion compensating units, or DCUs.
The transfer of power from a signal at a lower wavelength to a signal at a higher wavelength.
SRS is the interaction of lightwaves with vibrating molecules within the silica fiber has the effect of scattering light, thus transferring power between the two wavelengths. The effects of SRS become greater as the signals are moved further apart, and as power increases. The maximum SRS effect is experienced at two signals separated by 13.2 THz.
Thin film filters are used for performing wavelength mux and demux. Thin film filters are best suited for low to moderate channel count muxing / demuxing (less than 40 channels).


January Drug Shortages — Times Publishing Group, Inc.
All suppliers of sodium chloride intravenous (IV) bags are stating there is a shortage in production.
The January FDA notice is a typical drug shortage notice. There have been an alarming number of shortages for the past 8 years. Why does a country with so many resources and advanced technologies have a shortage of sodium chloride, also known as table salt? Sodium chloride is a very important medication when a patient has severely low blood pressure or a specific heart problem. The drug shortages concern began to be a major problem in 2010 with 211 drugs in short supply. The numbers have increased each year since then.
What are the reasons for drug shortages?
One reason is a short supply of raw materials. That can't be true for sodium chloride. Another reason is manufacturing issues such as a break in sterility causing contamination of the product. No, that was never listed as the reason for the sodium chloride shortage. How about a result of Hurricane Marie in Puerto Rico or other disasters causing drugs shortages? That's a long shot since sodium chloride for intravenous use was noted beginning in 2014 and the Puerto Rico disaster occurred in September 2017.
What about a change in a business decision? That is a possibility. There is not much of a profit margin in putting table salt in an IV bag. If you look at the FDA shortage lists for all types of drugs from 2012 to now, you will find shortages of other inexpensive compounds such as potassium and many sodium salts. Even penicillin recently has been in short supply. All these products have very small profit margins.
So, it is reasonable to consider there is a change in a business decision: reduce the production which increases the demand. A one-liter (1 quart) bag of 0.9% sodium chloride for IV use until recently cost $1.00. When the shortage escalated, but the demand remained constant, that same bag cost the hospital $23.00! That is, again, just table salt in water!
When there are just one or two suppliers of the drug and a drug shortage notice is posted, costs increase exponentially. Drug shortages are now evident with cardiac meds, pain medications in addition to intravenous drugs.
The end results of all these shortages lead to possibly substituting use of a less effective agent, delays in medical and surgical procedures for patients, drastic changes in treatment protocols, increases in medication errors, and increased costs to buyers as well as patients. The most traumatic end-result may be that the patient's health outcome is compromised. There is something very wrong if a patient's health status deteriorates due to a business decision made by a drug manufacturer to reduce production in order to maximize profits.
Again, keep in mind my statement from my previous article The Fallacies of Drug Advertisements: Let the buyer beware!
In my next article I will address what is the process by which a drug is approved by the FDA and drug recalls.


Would like to provide your home rapid in Miami authentic estate? https://mudanzasmiami.com/ Should you need to promote your house swiftly, you will discover things that you should contemplate and do.
Earning your home eye-catching is without doubt one of the issues or things that you need to think about and do. Indeed, you should enhance your house in order to make possible consumers have an interest to go to or check out your property in Miami genuine estate.
Using the services of an actual estate agent is an additional element it is possible to contemplate. A true estate agent can help you out in building your quest in Miami real estate run easily and might attain the very best deal that you just want and wish.
However , you have to guarantee by yourself that you will be possessing the correct genuine estate agent. The correct real estate agent has the appropriate expertise, abilities and experiences. You should make sure in addition the agent is familiar adequate with Miami authentic estate market place, to effectively help you out to market your house and have the most beneficial offer.
Definitely, your serious estate agent will ask you to make residence enhancements to be able to make your own home interesting more than enough for potentials buyers. This means you must look at out your own home.
You can start along with your yard. Without a doubt, this is actually the 1st part that customers can see. So having unpleasing yard may make purchasers move absent. Clean up your garden, mow the garden, clear the gutter and take away clutter. In case your flower bins are empty, why don't you plant some bouquets, this tends to appeal to customers.
Watch the outside of the house, will it need to have repainting? If of course, you need to repaint it as a way to ensure it is seems to be new and pleasing to buyers. You do not have to invest far too a lot on paint; you are able to purchase inexpensive paint but be sure to select neutral shade. Never make use of your possess choice and taste; you should take into consideration your customers, so neutral colors with do.
Clear each individual rooms of your household, get rid of the litter, it truly is improved to eliminate your individual belongings. Make just about every area spacious more than enough. Clear away avoidable elements or equipments.
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Cleanse the bathrooms and kitchen ensure it is glimpse shiny and odor-free. Examine out the taps; be sure that they are however functioning properly. In case the taps never perform properly previously, replacing them with new kinds may be the finest issue to accomplish.


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Plinabulin Combination Study Granted FDA Clearance To Enroll Patients
By PRNewswire | July 15, 2016
NEW YORK /PRNewswire/ — BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals, a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of innovative cancer therapies, including a Phase III immuno-oncology compound, Plinabulin, and strong pipeline in collaboration with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, has announced that on June 20, 2016, the U.S. FDA notified Dr. Lyudmila Bazhenova at the UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center that the Phase I/II study of Nivolumab in combination with Plinabulin for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may proceed with enrolling patients. This follows Dr. Bazhenova's submission of an investigator-sponsored Investigational New Drug Application (IND) on May 23, 2016.
"This clinical trial provides further opportunity to assess the mechanism of Plinabulin in a combination treatment while collecting much-needed information about the safety and preliminary efficacy profile of the combination," said Dr. Lan Huang, BeyondSpring Co-founder, Chairman and CEO.
The study objectives are to define the maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended Phase II dose of Plinabulin in combination with Nivolumab for patients with metastatic NSCLC.
The small molecule immuno-oncology agent, Plinabulin, activates dendritic cell maturation, induces tumor antigen specific T cell activation and down-regulates Treg. Nivolumab is a programmed cell-death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor that has activity in NSCLC, compared to standard of care.
"The granting of this clearance to begin enrolling patients is an exciting next step for the development of Plinabulin," added Dr. Bazhenova. "We anticipate that the combination study may lead to additional synergistic efficacy with Nivolumab and a well-tolerated safety profile."
Agilent spends $725M to expand manufacturing
Athenex to layoff 92 workers as it closes New York plant
Why Servblock is still banking on blockchain for pharma and biotech
Scorpion Biological Services changes name to Scorpius BioManufacturing post-expansion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At H4 chart of USD/CAD, Alligator is closing its mouth. Price is completing bearish fractal; AO and AC are in red zone; there is Squat bar on the MFI. I expect breakout of fractals to the downside.
At H1 chart of USD/CAD, Alligator is reversing downwards. AO an AC are in grey zone; there is Squat bar on the MFI. Bullish fractal may close angulation and then I expect breakout of fractals to the downside.
At H4 chart of NZD/USD, Alligator is moving downwards. AO and AC are in green zone; there is Squat bar on the MFI. I expect slight breakout of fractals to the downside.
At H1 chart of NZD/USD, Alligator is sleeping. AO and AC are in red zone; there might be Squat bar on the MFI. I expect breakout of fractals to the downside.


Jacob Bloom of A Klez Act leads Klezmer dancing, New England dancing, Contra dancing and Square dancing. He also tells stories and writes songs. Jacob will come to your school, synagogue, church, library, wedding, community group, party, or anywhere you need great music, stories, or dance. Contact Jacob Bloom and A Klez Act at jacob@aklezact.com.
Available on this site are descriptions of some of the Contra dances and Morris dances written by Jacob Bloom, a description of a Klezmer dance that Jacob collected in 1968, songs Jacob has written, a script for a Mummer's Play, as well as descriptions of the programs Jacob performs. Please browse through the site and let us know what you think. We'd like to hear from you!
Klezmer music is a musical tradition which dates back several centuries in Eastern and Central Europe. Jewish immigrants brought it to this country, where it was influenced by jazz, and influenced the styles of jazz musicians such as Benny Goodman. After nearly disappearing, Klezmer music was rediscovered by a new generation of musicians in the 1970's and is now being enjoyed by people of many ages, religions, and ethnic backgrounds.
Dance was a vibrant and important part of this tradition. Many Klezmer tunes were written specifically for group dances such as the Freylach and Bulgar, couple dances such as the Korobushka, and a square dance called the Sher. Jacob is very excited by the opportunity to bring this world of music and dance to the 21st Century American public.
New England Country Dancing, also known as contra and square dancing, has been danced in New England town halls and grange halls without a break since the seventeenth century. Since the 1960's it has enjoyed a revival, and is now done around the world.
Jacob started contra dancing in 1974, and has been calling since 1977. He has combined his knowledge of Klezmer dance, which he learned as a teenager and at Klezmer music conventions, with skills developed as a leader of traditional New England dance. He has called evenings of contra dancing set to Klezmer music, as well as evenings of Klezmer and Israeli dance.
Jacob's two decades of dancing, choreography and dance calling let him choose dances that work for all participants. He has created and modified dances in both the New England and Klezmer traditions towards that purpose, and is particularly adept at helping groups of beginners enjoy themselves while dancing.
Jacob has also been a Morris and sword dancer for over two decades, and has taught these English Ritual dance forms to adults and children. Jacob has toured in Europe with the English ritual dance team The Black Jokers, and the New England dance performance group The Green Mountain Volunteers.
Dances Jacob has composed have been included in the books Zesty Contras, published by the New England Folk Festival Association, and Gems, published by the Country Dance and Song Society of America.
We provide dance calling, storytelling and music for your group or event. We take commissions for dances, music and songs for weddings and other special occasions. E-mail Jacob Bloom and A Klez Act at jacob@aklezact.com.


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Tony Pulis won't rule out top two finish and reveals what he told Middlesbrough players before game
'The important thing is to try and prise as many points as we can out of those games,' said Boro boss Pulis
Philip Tallentire
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Tony Pulis believes Middlesbrough are still in with a chance of finishing in the Championship top two.
The midweek results have left Boro in sixth position, nine points adrift of second placed Norwich with a game in hand.
Pulis makes the point that his team have 15 games to negotiate with a maximum of 45 points up for grabs.
Asked if he through the prospect of automatic promotion had disappeared following the 1-0 defeat at Sheffield United , he said: "Nah. We've got a third of the season to go, people forget that.
Chris Wilder responds to Pulis referee complaints and gives his 'fair assessment' of game
"I said to them before the game, 'it's a great game to come and win but you've also got to realise there's 16 games to go and the important thing is to try and prise as many points as we can out of those games'."
Assessing his side's display at Bramall Lane, Pulis said he was pleased with his players' application but admits they failed to handle the threat of sub Gary Madine, who was sent on for the second half to cause problems at the back for Boro.
It was a wise move from Blades boss Chris Wilder because the visitors, who lost Aden Flint to a first half injury and Dani Ayala to a red card, struggled to cope with United's direct approach and physicality.
The Middlesbrough players at the final whistle at Bramall Lane
"I'm pleased with the players , I think the players worked really hard," Pulis told BBC Tees.
"I said at half-time we got into some great positions to shoot. Jordan (Hugill) has had a couple of shots, their keeper's made a great save, so that was a little bit disappointing.
"But I thought after 10 minutes we were well in the game. Second half they brought Madine on and they went really direct, just banged it forward.
"And without Flinty there – we could have done with Flinty on the pitch to deal with Madine. They were always going to get scraps and bits and pieces off him and play from there and that's what they did. They smashed it forward and played from there."
Tony Pulis on Sheffield Utd's controversial winner, the ref's lack of games & Flint's injury
Boro weren't at their best but did create a couple of decent chances.
Hugill had a long-range shot tipped over the bar in the first half and after the break George Friend had an effort headed off the line while Assombalonga had an angled shot blocked by the keeper's legs.
"We needed a break," said Pulis. "Britt went through with the goalkeeper to beat, the keeper's made a good save their, it was a good strike from Britt. There were four chances that we talked about that we could have scored from.
Sheffield United goalkeeper Dean Henderson tips over a shot from Jordan Hugill
"Having said that we didn't play as well second half as we did first half.
"You can't fault them, their attitude, their workrate, their spirit tonight at times was fantastic so we've just got to make sure we go (to Blackburn) and give it our best shot. We're going to be a bit depleted but let's see if we can do our best."
Tony Pulis


Providesdirect patient care to pediatric through geriatric patient populations. Usesunique knowledge and skills to contribute to perioperative patient outcomesthat are defined as observable or measurable physiological, psychosocial andpsychological responses to perioperative nursing interventions. Communicatesand collaborates with surgeon(s) and the anesthesiologist continuouslyregarding the patient's condition. Assists with the maintenance of surgicalequipment and inventory. Obtains supplies for individual cases, ensures thatoperating room equipment is available and functioning, and that all appropriateneeds of the patient and surgical team are met.


This space wallpaper is an artist's impression showing the yellow hypergiant star HR 5171. This is a very rare type of star with only a dozen known in our galaxy. Its size is over 1300 times that of our Sun — one of the largest ten stars found so far.
This space wallpaper is an artist's impression showing the yellow hypergiant star HR 5171. This is a very rare type of star with only a dozen known in our galaxy. Its size is over 1300 times that of our Sun — one of the largest ten stars found so far. Observations with ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer have shown that it is actually a double star, with the companion in contact with the main star.


text:
City of Memphis Shelby County State Government Education Criminal Justice Elections Spirit of Memphis The Early Word Politics Podcast Behind The Headlines
Face mask resolution, COVID-19 council fund and Tillman Cove on council agenda
By Bill Dries, Daily Memphian Updated: April 28, 2020 9:21 AM CT | Published: April 28, 2020 4:00 AM CT
A plan originally requiring Memphians to wear masks or some kind of face coverings has become a proposal for "strongly encouraging all businesses to require their employees" to wear the scarves or masks.
Memphis City Council member Dr. Jeff Warren
The city council will discuss the resolution, by council members Dr. Jeff Warren and Michalyn Easter-Thomas, at a special Tuesday, April 28, executive session.
The online meeting starts at 2 p.m.
Warren, a physician and part of the local COVID-19 task force, proposed during April 21 committee sessions a requirement that all residents wear the coverings. Warren has been a vocal advocate of using masks and face coverings as part of social distancing measures.
Memphis City Council member Michalyn Easter-Thomas
Last week, he told The Institute for Public Service Reporting at the University of Memphis that the masks are going to be a part of everyday life for years.
"I'll have a mask on for the next two to four years," he said.
However, the council discussion last week included other council members questioning how such a requirement could be enforced by the city.
The council resolution wouldn't be binding on citizens and is simply a recommendation. Making it more than that would have required it to be an ordinance that would have to pass on three readings.
If such an ordinance was passed, the maximum punishment would be a $50 fine.
The executive session is a meeting of the council as a whole that doesn't decide matters. A 3:30 p.m. meeting Tuesday of the full council is listed on the council's website, but there is no agenda posted for the meeting. The matters discussed Tuesday could go to a vote of the full council at the regularly scheduled May 5 council session.
A guide to how city government works
A Viewer's Guide to Watching the Memphis City Council
You can follow the meeting here or get live coverage @bdriesdm.
The other matters the council will discuss Tuesday include a move by council member Martavius Jones to create a council-controlled $6 million emergency relief program for COVID-19 related items.
The funding would come from the $2.6 million the council was to award in grants to community groups and other nonprofits in the fiscal year that begins July 1 and another $3.4 million from the city's $78 million reserve fund.
To take effect immediately, the entire $6 million amount would come from the city's reserve, and, in the new fiscal year, the council grants line item would reimburse the reserve fund for what amounts to an advance.
Other council members expressed concern about setting aside the money, given the lower sales tax revenue and other hits the city's financial position is expected to take from the economic shutdown that is part of the response to the COVID-19 virus.
Memphis Mayor Jim Strickland has estimated the city will be $23 million short of projected revenues in the current fiscal year and as much as $80 million in the red for the new fiscal year.
The council's grant program was scrapped for the new fiscal year because the virus forced the cancellation of grant workshops and the application period to be considered for the grants.
The council also continues to discuss the city's sale of property in the Tillman Cove apartment complex in Binghampton for $811,000 to private developers Tillman Redevelopment LP to build multi-family apartment units.
Tillman Cove apartments demolition begins
Binghampton residents discuss impact of Tillman Cove
The limited partnership is an effort by Elmington Capital of Nashville and the Binghampton Community Development Corporation. The combination was one of four proposals in a public request for proposals initiated by the city.
The post-World War II apartment complex is to be renovated and rethought with mixed-use housing that ranges from multi-family apartment units on the Tillman side to single-family homes on the other end of the property that backs up to a subdivision of existing single-family homes.
The apartment units were demolished starting late last year and have been vacant since 2016, forcing the eviction of residents in the complex. That's when the city intervened.
Council member Chase Carlisle raised concerns about the contract between the city and the developers that he described as ambiguous.
"If they don't like the way the wind blows, they can terminate the contract and get their escrow back," Carlisle said. "If something goes wrong or they can't produce a specific item, unless they are the nicest people under the sun, everything goes to hell. … They could hold this property up in perpetuity as this document is written today."
City Housing and Community Development director Paul Young said if the developers don't provide the documents for the due diligence phase of the project before closing, the city can declare a default and the land goes back to the city. Young also agreed to look at a redraft of the language to make it more specific.
Meaningful news delivered to you each week
Coverage of the key happenings in our city including city hall, elections, and more.
Memphis City Council COVID face coverings Jeff Warren Martavius Jones Tillman Cove
Bill Dries
Bill Dries covers city government and politics. He is a native Memphian and has been a reporter for more than 40 years.


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Pardons Have Changed A Lot (And We're Not Just Talking About Arpaio)
Oct. 4, 2017 , at 11:59 AM
By Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux and Andrea Jones-Rooy
Filed under Criminal Justice
Joe Arpaio and Donald Trump at a Trump campaign rally last year in Marshalltown, Iowa.
Joe Arpaio, the former sheriff from Arizona, is expected to go before a judge once again today, this time to argue that his guilty verdict should be expunged from his record after President Trump pardoned him in August. The federal judge in his case, Susan Bolton, scheduled oral arguments to determine whether she should void Arpaio's conviction for criminal contempt. However it shakes out, one thing is clear: The use of pardons (and sentence commutations) has changed over the past few decades — and controversial cases like Arpaio's could make it harder to go back.
Today's system is very different from the executive's use of clemency power as envisioned by the framers of the Constitution. It was originally intended to be deployed as a corrective mechanism against abuses in the justice system or as a bargaining chip against rebellions to keep the peace, according to students of historical pardons. Now pardons and commutations are used much less frequently — Arpaio's pardon is Trump's only act of clemency so far — and as a result, some legal experts say that an important check on the justice system has fallen into disuse.
"The founders expected the pardon power to be used somewhat routinely because they acknowledged that the justice system isn't always fair, and that government forgiveness can serve an important political purpose," said Daniel Kobil, a professor of law at Capital University Law School. "But recent presidents have basically allowed this power to atrophy, to the detriment of many people who might benefit from it."
The uses of clemency that get headlines these days — such as that of Arpaio, whom Trump pardoned after Bolton ruled that he had breached another judge's order to stop racially profiling Latinos but before he had been sentenced — are typically for high-profile figures rather than ordinary people.
Historically, recipients of pardons have been anonymous offenders who have served their time and aren't contesting their guilt; indeed, to receive a pardon, it's helpful for petitioners to express contrition and take responsibility for their crime, according to the office of the pardon attorney in the Department of Justice, which evaluates petitions for clemency and recommends candidates to the president. (Although pardons do remove punishment and reinstate civil rights revoked by federal convictions, they don't imply innocence or wipe an offender's slate clean.) Instead of seeking a clean record, petitioners may want to regain one of the privileges of citizenship denied to felons, like gun ownership or a medical license.
Scholars worry that the more the pardon becomes associated with contentious cases like Arpaio, the more difficult it will be for future presidents to justify pardons for ordinary citizens caught on the wrong side of the justice system. The attention that cases such as Arpaio's receive may have helped create the impression among members of the public that pardons are a coveted "get out of jail free card" conferred by the president with very little vetting. Indeed, Arpaio didn't even ask for a pardon. And these high-profile pardons tend to be very unpopular — Gerald Ford's famous pardon of Richard Nixon may have cost him re-election. Ironically, though, the government has made the standards for non-celebrity cases — the pardons that are closest to the original conception of the clemency power — increasingly high. This is one reason for the decrease in the number of pardons and commutations1 issued in recent decades. Barack Obama, who granted more than 1,000 commutations toward the end of his presidency, was a notable exception to this decline, although like previous presidents, he granted relatively few pardons.2 The other major factor, pardon experts say, was politicians' increased wariness about appearing soft on crime, starting during the presidency of Ronald Reagan.
The pardon was a common feature of English law, on which much of the U.S. legal system is based, said Rachel Barkow, a professor at the New York University School of Law. In England, the pardon was frequently deployed to counterbalance laws for which the monarch believed the punishment outweighed the crime. For the founders of the United States, "the pardon was a way for the president to control federal prosecutions that go too far and legislators who pass laws that are too severe," Barkow said.
The pardon was also a handy tool for presidents trying to restore peace after insurrections. George Washington put it to work to forgive people who had been charged with treason for their participation in the Whiskey Rebellion by giving them clemency after they ended the rebellion.
Until the late 19th century, pardons were largely granted ad hoc. Sometimes judges and prosecutors brought to the president cases in which they felt the law was too inflexible or the wrong outcome had been reached, said Margaret Love, who served as the pardon attorney between 1990 and 1997. Love has studied early pardons and found records of Thomas Jefferson receiving not one but two petitions from judges on behalf of convicted goose thieves in a single two-week period. (Jefferson, confused, wrote in the margin of the second petition, "Is not this the same which was directed last week?")
But many of those seeking relief appealed to the president directly. Abraham Lincoln famously received pardon applicants at the White House, to the irritation of his staff, who felt that the president was too easily moved by petitioners' stories. Lincoln pardoned Union deserters during the Civil War, and he and his successor, Andrew Johnson, both pardoned Confederate soldiers during and after the war ended. Although Johnson's decision to pardon the Confederates helped motivate his impeachment, both presidents justified the pardons by arguing that they helped restore the health and unity of the nation.3
After its establishment in 1870, the Department of Justice assumed responsibility for the pardoning process. And the first big shift in the way pardons were handed down came in 1910, with the establishment of the federal parole system. It offered another route for the reduction of harsh sentences, so presidents no longer had to rely as heavily on clemency.
Presidential clemency continued to be used as a means of restoring rights after an individual had served his or her sentence, however, and, like the use of the pardon to end rebellions, as a strategy for pursuing policy goals. Woodrow Wilson, irritated with Congress for refusing to repeal Prohibition, granted clemency to large numbers of violators. Other presidents used large-scale pardons to acknowledge policy mistakes or a shift in social norms. Both Ford and Jimmy Carter offered clemency to Vietnam-era draft dodgers after the war was over, and Obama commuted the sentences of hundreds of nonviolent drug offenders sentenced under laws that overwhelmingly affected black men.
The advent of Reagan's war on drugs and the tough-on-crime politics of the 1980s and early 1990s, however, resulted both in a larger population of people who might request clemency and presidents who seemed increasingly wary of handing them out. The call for "truth in sentencing" policies resulted in the abolishment of federal parole in the late 1980s, which exacerbated the situation. Reagan issued fewer pardons and commutations than his predecessor, Carter, despite serving twice as long.
"There was a perfect storm in the '80s when more and more people were in prison but there was no relief except for this creaky mechanism, the pardon," Love said. "And the president didn't want to use it. The party line was, 'Just say no.'"
The political liability associated with pardoning an offender who might go on to commit a shocking crime was cast into sharp relief during the 1988 presidential campaign. Vice President George H.W. Bush lambasted his Democratic opponent, Massachusetts Gov. Michael Dukakis, for a weekend furlough program established by the state government that resulted in an inmate, William Horton, committing several violent crimes while out of prison.
"I think it's not a coincidence that Bush was very stingy in the use of his clemency power," Kobil said. Subsequent presidents have also issued relatively few pardons and commutations and began to wait until the end of their term to grant clemency in any significant numbers.
In addition to the general decline in the overall number of pardons and commutations, the share of pardons and commutations granted has also dropped in the past few decades. That's largely because of the increased number of people eligible for clemency and presidents' unwillingness to issue pardons or commutations.4
But there's also a more mundane reason why so few petitions for clemency are successful: The bureaucratic process for evaluating them has grown increasingly byzantine and possibly even hostile to the notion of pardoning. Petitioners must now submit their request to the office of the pardon attorney and the application makes its way through half a dozen layers of government bureaucracy before arriving on the president's desk.
"At any point, if someone thinks this isn't a good case, it dies there," Barkow said. "Many of the people looking at the petitions are also prosecutors. You can imagine why so few make it through."
The handful of pardons that do make headlines, including Arpaio's, are generally not vetted in this manner — in fact, many people may be unaware that it's unusual for a pardon not to receive extensive vetting. This creates a perception, according to Love, that the pardon is a privilege, not an obligation, of the presidency. And as the pardon becomes associated with unpopular, high-profile cases, it becomes more difficult for presidents to justify granting clemency to large numbers of ordinary citizens, as they did in the past. "Pardons are seen as favors granted at the last minute, kind of like running off with the White House china," she said. "It's no longer perceived as something the president should routinely do as a check on the justice system."
Commutations end or reduce an offender's sentence, while pardons provide official government forgiveness and restoration of civil rights.
The Department of Justice's clemency statistics are measured by fiscal year, which do not line up exactly with the beginnings and ends of presidential terms. The charts in this article include data only for pardons and commutations; petitions for remissions and respites, two other forms of presidential clemency that are rarely used today, were not included.
Supporters of Reconstruction in Congress saw Johnson's pardons of former Confederate soldiers and generals as an attempt to undermine Reconstruction efforts in the South; these congressmen led a successful impeachment effort against Johnson in 1867 and 1868, although he ultimately remained in office.
The share of pardons and commutations that we calculated for the chart above is the number of pardons and commutations granted out of the total number of petitions pending at the beginning of the fiscal year and received in that year.
Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux is a senior writer for FiveThirtyEight. @ameliatd
Andrea Jones-Rooy is FiveThirtyEight's quantitative researcher. @jonesrooy
The Trump Administration (764 posts) Criminal Justice (71) Pardons (9) Joe Arpaio (6)


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text:
Q: Calculation in a QML file? I got the following code that doesn't work (in a QML file - PixelAdapter.qml) :
Item {
    id: pixelAdapterId

    property int in
    property int alpha
    property int out

    out = in * 10 + alpha

}

I tried :
pixelAdapterId.out = pixelAdapterId.in * 10 + pixelAdapterId.alpha

PixelAdapter.out: PixelAdapter.in * 10 + PixelAdapter.alpha

but everything doesn't work. I feel like I'm not doing something usual in QML but  I HAVE to do some calculations with my properties, and "bind" the result of it to another property.
What do I have to modify ?

A: You can simply bind it:
Rectangle {
   width: 100
   height: 100
   focus: true

   property int in
   property int alpha
   property int out: 10*in + alpha

   Keys.onReturnPressed: {
      console.log(out);
      in = 5; alpha =10;
      console.log(out);
      in = 6;
      console.log(out);
   }
}

You'll get meaningful results as soon as you'll bind useful values to the parameters.

A: One thing you have to be very careful about is accidentally resetting/breaking your property bindings.
For example if you have:
Rectangle {
   property int x
   property int y: x + 1
   property int z: 2 * y
}

Then you can execute some JavaScript somewhere that does x = 5, and then y and z will automatically update due to the binding.
However, if you do something like y = 6 in your JavaScript, then it breaks the binding, and y will no longer update when x changes.
This has caused me a great deal of grief in the past. Not sure if this helps with your question but I thought I'd throw it out there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ALEXANDRIA, Va. - Many boaters say that wearing a life jacket makes them hot or uncomfortable. There is a type of life jacket however, that solves these problems ? an inflatable life jacket. And in an effort to get more boaters to voluntarily wear a life jacket, the National Safe Boating Council in partnership with the Canadian Safe Boating Council are having the first-ever on Thursday, May 20 at 11:00 AM EDT / 8:00 AM PST. At the appointed time, participants at locations across North America will simultaneously activate their inflatable life jackets to claim an unprecedented World Record.
"Inflatable life jackets are very easy to wear," said BoatUS Foundation President Ruth Wood. "With these types of life jackets, the old argument against wearing one just doesn't hold water any more. We hope this event increases awareness and boaters will choose to wear a comfortable life jacket more often," she added.
The BoatUS Foundation is urging boaters to join the effort by signing up online to participate in an Inflation Day event near them, or create their own event for their boat club or marina by going towww.ReadySetInflate.com. Anyone interested in boating safety can use the website to list their event location and get local participation. National sponsor Cabela's will be holding events at their stores and Leland, Ltd. is donating CO2 cartridges to help boaters practice re-arming techniques. All local event organizers are asked to record their event through photographs or video as well as a sign-up sheet.
World Record Inflation Day will help to usher in National Safe Boating Week on May 22 - 28, which is designed to educate and inform the boating public about boating safety, specifically life jackets.
For more information on Inflation Day, please visit www.ReadySetInflate.com. If you'd like to learn more about inflatable life jackets, go to //www.BoatUS.com/foundation/findings/floatingonair.htm.


text:
BONUS PODCAST! Game of Thrones Ep.3 "The Long Night" SPOILERS!
Published on April 29, 2019 November 30, 2020 by theworldsbestblogwithpaulwright
Paul here…
With Avengers: Endgame opening over the past weekend and Game of Thrones airing the long awaited and epic battle between our heroes and The Night King's army, this has been one of the biggest weekends in pop culture history. The Infinity Saga and A Song of Ice and Fire are both reaching their epic conclusions. The already mega popular film franchise and hit television series are both coming to a close, so interest is at an all time high.
We hadn't planned on recording a podcast for this episode of Game of Thrones. Even though it's likely this is the biggest episode in terms of scale and battle sequences that we will ever see in the series. I can't see them doing anything in the last three episodes that will top what we saw in episode 3 "The Long Night". We covered the first two episodes last week and we had just posted our Avengers: Endgame review. However, as Paul Sr. and I began watching the episode, just for fun, we turned on the microphone and started recording a very, very rough and off the cuff audio commentary. It's not nearly as smooth or polished as our other episodes because we really did this on a whim, so just consider this a bonus podcast from World's Best Media this week.
So, if you want to listen to two idiots on the edge of their seats as they watch the biggest battle ever filmed (which is actually true and that includes feature films), give a listen to this sloppy, podcast commentary of the 3rd episode of Game of Thrones: The Final Season, "The Long Night". I think you'll find it pretty damn entertaining! Listen here or subscribe on Stitcher, Spotify and iTunes: https://www.spreaker.com/episode/17777002
iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-worlds-best-podcast/id1246038441#episodeGuid=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.spreaker.com%2Fepisode%2F17777002
Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/s?eid=60335598&autoplay=1
You win or you die.
Categories Podcasts, The World's Best Podcast, TV, TV Articles•Tags Game of Thrones, the long night
Previous PODCAST: AVENGERS:ENDGAME Review (SPOILERS)!
Next COMIC BOOK PREVIEW: DC's Exciting New BATMAN/SUPERMAN Series & MARVEL Brings In Jonathan Hickman To Relaunch The X-MEN!


Now that he is with the Cardinals, Paul Goldschmidt is not thinking beyond the 2019 season.
The six-time All-Star was acquired from the Diamondbacks on Wednesday and will earn $14.5 million in the final season of a seven-year contract, including a $1 million assignment bonus for the trade. If he doesn't sign a new deal, he would be among the top free agents next offseason.
Published in Chicago Tribune on May 18, 2016 — Print headline: "No relief for slumping Albers, Sox in defeat - Gattis HR off righty in 11th sends Ventura's crew to 3rd loss in row"


text:
Q: How disable a js file in javascript code? I do several similar things in several Js files. I want to deactivate some js files and enable others in another file within a conditional statement.
How can I do this?
for example:
// My files: | javascript_1.js | - |  javascript_2.js |

if( flag == true ){
// disable javascript_1.js
}
else{
// enable javascript_2.js
}

A: Try Using the following:
If you click Add Bootstrap bootstrap will be added dynamically. If you click Remove Bootstrap will be removed dynamically;
You can check by input field and button styles

function removejscssfile(filename, filetype){
    let targetelement=(filetype=="js")? "script" : (filetype=="css")? "link" : "none"; //determine element type to create nodelist from
    let targetattr=(filetype=="js")? "src" : (filetype=="css")? "href" : "none"; //determine corresponding attribute to test for
    let allsuspects=document.getElementsByTagName(targetelement);
    for (var i=allsuspects.length; i>=0; i--){ //search backwards within nodelist for matching elements to remove
    if (allsuspects[i] && allsuspects[i].getAttribute(targetattr)!=null && allsuspects[i].getAttribute(targetattr).indexOf(filename)!=-1)
        allsuspects[i].parentNode.removeChild(allsuspects[i]); //remove element by calling parentNode.removeChild()
    }
}

function createjscssfile(filename, filetype){
    let fileref;
    if (filetype=="js"){ //if filename is a external JavaScript file
        fileref=document.createElement('script')
        fileref.setAttribute("type","text/javascript")
        fileref.setAttribute("src", filename)
    }
    else if (filetype=="css"){ //if filename is an external CSS file
        fileref=document.createElement("link")
        fileref.setAttribute("rel", "stylesheet")
        fileref.setAttribute("type", "text/css")
        fileref.setAttribute("href", filename)
    }
    document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(fileref);
}

function addB() {
    createjscssfile('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css','css');
    createjscssfile('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js','js');
    createjscssfile('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js','js');
}

function removeB() {
    removejscssfile('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css','css');
    removejscssfile('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js','js');
    removejscssfile('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js','js');
}
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success" onclick="addB()">Add Bootstrap</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" onclick="removeB()">Remove Bootstrap</button>

  Email address
  <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput1" placeholder="name@example.com">

Hope this helps :)

A: refresh the page when you need new code from one file.
If you do not have a problem with page refresh.
location.reload();


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Georg Cantor (1845-1918) was a Russian-German mathematician who is considered one of the greatest ever because he created the field of Set Theory. His motivation was to understand the Christian concept of eternity. He dedicated his last publication to a passage from 1 Corinthians: "The time will come when these things which are now hidden from you will be brought into the light."
Cantor's work is an example of the best of the public, as he never lectured at a university and was even vilified by several leading mathematicians of his time, such as Henri Poincare. Even some theologians opposed Cantor for the implications of his work in understanding the nature of God. Yet Cantor's revolutionary work proved to be the most influential of all, and David Hilbert praised Cantor as the greatest mathematician since before Leonard Euler. Hilbert declared, "No one shall expel us from the paradise that Cantor has created for us."
Cantor was the first to "put infinity on a firm logical foundation." His invention of set theory helped him achieve this extraordinary goal. He "described a way to do arithmetic with infinite quantities useful to mathematics." Cantor showed that there are "infinite sets of different sizes, some of which are countable and some of which are uncountable."
Cantor invented the concept of cardinality and ordered pairs, and proved that some infinities are larger than others.
Cantor's best known proof is his technique of Cantorian Diagonalization, a method useful to prove that the real numbers are larger in cardinality than the integers. He is also known for his Cantor Set and Cantor Intersection Theorem.
The set of integers (or their equivalent) is the smallest infinite set. Cantor's "Continuum Hypothesis" is the conjecture that the set of all real numbers is the second smallest infinite set.
Paul Cohen proved in the 1960s that the "Continuum Hypothesis" can neither be proved nor disproved within conventional (axiomatized) set theory. Stated another way, it is possible to develop a non-Cantorian set theory that negates the "Continuum Hypothesis."
↑ Cantor's mother was a Russian Catholic, while his father was a German Protestant; Cantor was born in Russia but moved to Germany, where he was never comfortable, as a boy.
↑ Cantor's founding of Set Theory was in several papers he wrote between 1874 and 1897.
This page was last modified on 30 April 2018, at 19:41.


text:
Q: How to setup dynamic Base URL to route user to some specific Component I'm looking for some help regarding the use of dynamic words in my Base URL.
Consider for example Slack. If i write abcd.slack.com it finds a work space name abcd and redirects me to the login page of the work space. I need a similar implementation in my Angular website. I don't know how to implement such thing. In Angular routing i can only provide the paths which comes after the base URL. How can i implement such thing that also works on my production environment.
For example
This is the usual URL in our development environment
http://localhost:4200/signin
Can i do something like this
http://xxxx.localhost:4200/signin
where i can set xxxx as my dynamic data to perform some backend queries
I think is the same as
abcd.slack.com

A: Use window.location to redirect to URL other than routes defined by angular application:
window.location.href = 'http://google.com';


text:
Q: How to ensure that webclient/curl process 503 error like they process 200 If website pops out a 503 then webclient will just throw an exception.
For example, go to http://www.google.com/sorry/?continue=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dkucing
If we open it in internet explorer it'll open a page. If we use livehttpheader it returns a 503 rather than 200. However, it still show something.
Now try curl the same page.
http://www.google.com/sorry/?continue=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dkucing
The curl will just stop failing. So how to make curl treat 503 like 200?
Samples are when we try to search something at google. Google sometimes require captcha. Well, just pop that out so I can fill the captcha. But webclient simply throw an exception without assigning the content to a file. That's not good.
How to ensure that webclient do not throw things out.
Same goes for curl

A: No body is answering it so I'll just tell CURLOPT_FAILONERROR
Set that to false.
I think there is something similar for webclient. Will set this as the answer unless somebody comes up with something better.

A: For WebClient you need to process the WebException.Response. E.g. this LINQPad query dumps the HTML provided by my web server's "Not Found" error web page:
Dim wc = New System.Net.WebClient
Try
  Dim rd = wc.DownloadData(New Uri("http://localhost/test"))
  rd.Dump
Catch Ex As System.Net.WebException
 Dim rs = Ex.Response
 Call (New StreamReader(rs.GetResponseStream)).ReadToEnd.Dump
End Try

Now actually using WebClient.


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Sedgefield is a neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina, United States.
It is situated between Park Rd. and South Blvd and belongs to popular South End (Charlotte neighborhood).

Sedgefield is only 3 miles away from Charlotte Douglas International Airport and within walking distance to the Bank of America Stadium.
The core of the neighborhood is a mix of duplex housing and single-family homes along tree-lined streets.
Property values have been increasing faster than average due to the development along South Blvd.
Many of the homes in Sedgefield have been renovated or even rebuild from the ground and expanded.
In 2014 Redfin real estate brokerage predicts Sedgefield to be one of the Nation's "hottest neighborhoods" in terms of price development.

Area
Sedgefield has an area of 493 acres.
Sedgefield is bordering reputable Myers Park and Dilworth where Charlotte's largest hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, is located.

Demographics
Approx. 3200 people call Sedgefield home.
Median Age of its residents is 32 years.
Median household income in 2012 was US$70,000.
It has a strong Neighborhood Association representation.
There are many condo projects underway along its west side, spurred by the completion of the LYNX blue line of the Charlotte Light Rail.
The boom in residential development is expected to double the neighborhood's population of about 3,200 by the end of 2015.
Crime rate is below the County average.

Transportation infrastructure and sites of interest

Mass transit
98% of housing units are within a half mile of a transit stop.

The following buses from the Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) serve Sedgefield:
 #12  (South Blvd.)
 #19 (Park Road)

The only Light Rail in the city runs through Sedgefield and connects its residents with the Inner City/Uptown. It is called LYNX blue line and Sedgefield's LYNX stop is New Bern Station.

Yet, Sedgefield remains one of Charlotte's most walk-able neighborhoods.

Roads
Park Road and South Blvd. are major thoroughfares leading into and out of Charlotte.
Sedgefield Park serves as a Pedestrian connection to bordering Dilworth.

Parks
Nearby Freedom Park is Charlotte's most popular 98 acres Public Park. It is the location of various events throughout the year, including the famous Festival in the Park.
Beautiful Sedgefield Park is a popular get away spot for locals. It has tennis courts, basketball courts, and a playground.

Education, Places of Faith and Economy

School system
Residents of Sedgefield attend Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, including Myers Park High School.
Sedgefield is also home to Sedgefield Middle and Sedgefield Elementary School.
The private Holy Trinity Catholic Middle School is located on Park Rd.

Library
Charlotte Mecklenburg Library is located at the South West Corner of Sedgefield.

Churches
Main churches in the neighborhood are Sedgefield United Methodist Church and Jehovah's Witnesses.

Businesses and local Economy
Nearby Restaurants and Grocery Stores are within walking distance.
Various Restaurants including a broad mix of small, locally owned Bar-type Diners as well as Asian Restaurants and even family run bakeries are lined up along South Blvd. and the extension of Park Rd.
A 55,000-square-foot Publix supermarket is under construction on a 4-acre lot at 2300 South Blvd.
Sedgefield is home to one of Charlotte's most popular Microbrewery Triple C Brewing Company.

References

Neighborhoods in Charlotte, North Carolina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sewell Wallis are working with one of South Yorkshire prominent manufactures, they are VC backed and form part of a UK based multi-billion pound Group, employing over 10,000 people globally.
You will report to the General Manager for the division. This role will oversee a large division and will manage the Finance Business Partners and Finance team for the division.
The ideal candidate will have experience working under the ownership of Venture Capitalists and will therefore understand the importance of delivering results accurately and work to tight deadlines.
* Maintain robust financial controls and report honest results in accordance with LAPP and IFRS.
If this role sounds like something you are interested in then please get in touch.


text:
'The Tories cut, we bleed': the story of Women's Lives Matter in Doncaster
Joyce Sheppard talks about the campaign to save South Yorkshire's Women's Aid – one of many domestic violence services impacted by government cuts.
Michéle Beck
Women's Lives Matter protest. Photo: John Fuller. All rights reserved.
"The Tories cut, we bleed," said Joyce Sheppard, 68, an active member of the Women's Lives Matter campaign in Doncaster, a former coal mining town in South Yorkshire, in the north of England.
The Women's Lives Matter campaign is a movement across South Yorkshire which originated in Doncaster in 2016, after the closure of the town's Women's Aid domestic violence service, one of many organisations that have been impacted by government funding cuts.
Sheppard is no stranger to grassroots activism; during the Miners' Strike of 1984-85, she joined the Women Against Pit Closures campaign. I spoke to her in February 2018, a year after Prime Minister Theresa May released her draft domestic abuse bill, which is still yet to be passed – the consultation period runs until 31 May 2018.
In the UK, domestic violence accounts for two deaths a week, on average. But the closure of domestic violence refuges has not received significant coverage in the national let alone international press. Sheppard accuses those in power of failing to listen to the concerns and voices of local women in places like Doncaster.
"Talk is cheap, isn't it?" she said. "You can wear your suffragette rosette and have your picture taken but what are you actually doing for the women's rights movement?"
"You can wear your suffragette rosette and have your picture taken but what are you actually doing for the women's rights movement?"
As home secretary, May helped to pass the 'coercive control, domestic violence protection orders and disclosure scheme' which permits individuals to ask the police if their partner has a history of abuse. In February 2017, she described tackling domestic violence as "something I have always attached a personal importance to."
May's draft bill last year came with a pledge to protect and support survivors and recognise the lifelong impacts that such violence can have on women and children. The government has also promised £100 million of dedicated funding until 2020 to tackle violence against women and girls.
But Sheppard accused the government making such promises as "political fabrications to win votes." She said: "It's a year on and we still have seen no evidence [of increased funding] – in fact we have seen the opposite with [service] closures."
"It's an outrage," Sheppard told me, adding: "We know that men and middle class women are victims of domestic violence too but it is proven that it is harder for poorer people to escape domestic violence and now where are they going to go?"
"The Tories are making it more and more difficult to get housing benefits; teachers aren't equipped to deal with children who are witnessing or being victims themselves of domestic violence; the NHS isn't equipped to deal with the financial consequences of treating the victims, not to mention the cost of mental health support."
"It is harder for poorer people to escape domestic violence and now where are they going to go?"
Women's Aid was founded in 1974 'to end domestic abuse against women and children.' Among other things, the national charity runs a 24-hour domestic violence helpline and provides services in refuges. A report from the charity says there were 11,113 cases of domestic violence against women in the UK in 2016-2017.
Doncaster Women's Aid was set up in 1976, funded by Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council (DMBC). In 2013, this funding ended amid cuts to local authority spending from the central government. Three years of relying completely on lottery funding followed, but more organisations became reliant on this route and the money soon ran out.
In April 2016, women took to the streets of Doncaster in protest and the Women's Lives Matter campaign began. At first, it seemed successful: in January 2017, DMBC granted £30,000 in funding to South Yorkshire Women's Aid (SYWA). But when this money dried up, local Labour Councillor Chris McGuinness said no more funding was available – despite revelations in the press that DMBC had £97.3 million in usable cash reserves.
After two years of relentless campaigning, activists say that the voices and concerns of the Women's Lives Matter campaign are still being sidelined. From the closure of Doncaster Women's Aid in March 2016 to the opening of SYWA in January 2017, there were more than 6,600 reported incidents of domestic violence in Doncaster alone.
According to Councillor McGuinness, central government decisions – not those of the local authority – were to blame for the closure of Doncaster Women's Aid, and the subsequent lack of funding for SYWA. Sheppard isn't satisfied with this response; she says that McGuinness cannot simply "wash his hands... and say 'Oh well, sorry no available money to spend on this – case closed.'"
"Women and children are going to die... it isn't good enough to say 'no funding available.'"
"Women and children are going to die," Sheppard told me, adding: "In 2017 the people of Doncaster voted Labour in – the seemingly more 'caring' political party so they can campaign on our behalf. Our previous campaign was a success because we were visible and noisy. It isn't good enough to say 'no funding available.'"
Women who have protested in Doncaster have also been "quashed or discredited using intimidation tactics," Sheppard claimed, referring to the case of domestic violence worker and campaigner Louise Harrison, who activists say was retaliated against and threatened with losing her job amid her participation in protests against cuts.
Sheppard attributed this response to women's activism to Doncaster's "heavy industrial background and the breadwinner/homemaker model [that] is still prevalent in the minds of archaic men and the social structures of our town."
The Women's Lives Matter campaign, Sheppard continued, has shown "the very real danger our victims are in without Women's Aid. 100 years since women won the vote and look: we are still campaigning for equality. This silencing of women has to be stopped."
Despite the obstacles, she and her allies are not giving up; their crusade to save the lives of women in Doncaster, and across the UK, continues.
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When the option to review World to the West came through, I HAD to take it. The follow-up game to Teslagrad, one of my all-time favorite indie titles ever, from the same developer and set in the same universe? Uhh... yes please. With that pedigree, I went into World to the West on Nintendo's Switch expecting another mind-blowing, world-changing experience in the same vein as the transcendent Teslagrad, but while I wouldn't classify this game as a sophomore slump, it doesn't come close to the heights achieved by the developers' first foray into this fascinating and still far from completely realized universe.
It's impossible for me to even start this review without highlighting what feels so different about World to the West and Teslagrad. Teslagrad's opening sequence, being pursed across rooftops in a daring escape to a mysterious castle gets my vote for one of the best openers I've ever had the joy of playing, but WTTW is a complete change of form. The game's first few minutes are just not all that interesting in comparison, and it could be argued that the game really takes eight full chapters to really reach a point where it grabs the player and brings it all together. See, in WTTW, you control one or two completely different characters, seemingly in only loosely related storylines, for the first eight chapters of the game. It isn't until you reach chapter nine that things fall into place, but we'll get to this in a minute.
That isn't to say the first eight chapters aren't enjoyable. Each chapter focuses on one or two of four main characters, each with different skills needed to progress. One can fight and break boulders, one can control different animals, another can teleport and the last one can dig and use explosives. These chapters take place in top-down, semi 3D environments, reminiscent of earlier Zelda adventures. Your goal is to get from point A to point B in each, but that requires some simple combat, even some boss fights, but mostly it comes down to mostly environmentally-based puzzles. Some of these are quite complex and ingenious, but they are balanced out by some that are either inanely simple or totally incomprehensible, with solutions that don't feel like they make sense or fit with some of the better challenges. While the larger, open environments seem like a step forward at first, they can be confusing at times and really made me long for the tighter, more focused puzzles of Teslagrad. Getting lost in these huge areas is made a little less daunting by fast travel points, but marching around only to find you've brought the wrong character with the wrong abilities to progress is a huge drag, and retreading that same path as the right character feels like wasted time.
Remember how I said the game opens slowly, only really coming alive in the ninth chapter? At this point in the game, the four characters' stories finally intersect, and you have access to all four main heroes at once. With the overly long buildup to this point, it feels like the game concludes too quickly after this, though the story does come to a satisfying close. Best of all, it leaves things open for a third visit to this universe in the future, and seeing what Rain Games does with it for another go-round has me excited to say the least.
The last thing I want to bring up before I call it a day is that technically, the game doesn't feel as tight as it could be. A few overlong load times, some lower-rez areas and characters and even a few frameskips here and there make WTTW feel like a less refined experience than Teslagrad, but the game counters this with excellent characterization, some cute dialogue and a very satisfying ending, even if it feels like it comes far too soon.
There is no disputing that WTTW is a very different game than Teslagrad. Fans of the first should not discount the second as it is absolutely worth playing through, but expecting the near legendary heights achieved by Teslagrad seems like an impossible task. World to the West comes close in a lot of ways, but a slow start, a quick end and some other minor problems make the game the obvious weaker of the two. If you are looking for a fun, puzzle-based adventure in the vein of an early Zelda, were a die-hard fan of Teslagrad (and honestly, every gamer should be) or you just want something a little different, World to the West can scratch those itches. I sincerely hope this isn't the last time we see a game set in this fascinating universe, and given what Rain Games has done with and learned from the first two, the third entry could end up being as celebrated and timeless an indie as a Cave Story, Shovel Knight or Axiom Verge. World to the West wasn't quite what it could have been, but it's still a compelling adventure that will appeal to more folks than you might think.
Final Rating: 76% - More of a sophomore slip than a slump.


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2016 is off-the-charts warm. Is it a temporary spike? Graphic courtesy of NOAA.
NOAA's July Land and Sea Temperature analysis shows a slight easing of the worldwide temperature rise from the terrifying trend of the winter months.
But La Niña is not forming as expected, and some serious effects of man's meddling with the atmosphere have already begun to appear.
The fear is that atmospheric circulations may switch gears and cause at best, unhelpful, and at worst, catastrophic, changes in disease and precipitation patterns.
July temperatures were above normal over nearly the entire globe. Graphic courtesy of NOAA.
The area of record temperatures that stretched from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific two months ago has shrunk to just Indonesia in July.
With the demise of El Niño, the area of record warmth in the Pacific Ocean is confined to the western edge.
Record warm water temperatures off the southeast US could provide fuel for storms during the upcoming height of the Atlantic hurricane season.
Record water temperatures cover the temperate South Pacific west of South America and east of Australia.
The record cold water east of Drake's Passage that separates South America from Antarctica persisted for a third consecutive month.
A patch of the central south Pacific Ocean was below normal.
The only land area below normal was a small region of northern Siberia.
The slight decline in the rate of global warming should not be taken as reason for great cheer. It could be compared to a baseball team's scoring two runs in the seventh inning and now only trailing 8-2. It is a suggestion that it is not too late to save the atmosphere from man's meddling, but certainly not a guarantee.
NOAA calculates temperatures for land, sea, land and sea combined, northern, hemisphere, southern hemisphere, and full globe. There are nine categories. In July eight of the categories made new records for the month. Only the northern hemisphere land area failed to reach a new high — it was the third warmest on record.
Longer periods of temperature averages give a better picture of the overall trends. The January through July 2016 period was the warmest such period on record, setting new standards in all nine categories. All of the comparisons to last year's record temperatures reveals that in the last year the temperature has risen substantially.
Extrapolation of the rate of rise in the last year produces the startling conclusion that the temperature is rising at a rate of approximately one degree Celsius every five years. Climatologists suspect that a two degree rise (Celsius) from pre-industrial times could bring about catastrophic changes in the weather. Since the temperature has already risen one degree Celsius since the beginning of industrialization, the future is not just creeping closer — judging by the temperature change in the last year, it is virtually stampeding towards us.
Year-to-year temperature comparisons are affected by all sorts of short-term fluctuations. Probably the best gauge of the true measure of global warming is a comparison between 2016 and 1998, the last strong El Niño year. In fact, the two El Niños are nearly identical when measured by water temperatures.
The change in global temperature between the first 7 months of 1998 and the similar period in 2016 is 0.33 degrees Celsius.
That extrapolates to a warming of one degree Celsius in about 55 years. This rate of increase gives the world's political leaders time to react. Politics being what they are, however, reducing greenhouse gas emissions may take longer than that.
The chorus of voices demanding action on climate change seemed to produce an inflection point last December when the Paris climate agreement was signed by 195 countries. Since then there have been a number of setbacks.
The treaty is non-binding in many of its requirements and some governments are dragging their feet on implementation of promised curbs on greenhouse gas emissions.
The La Niña which has been expected to offer a period of lower warming is not developing as robustly as expected.
Actual measurements of carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas, indicate that atmospheric concentrations continue to increase.
As geopolitics and presidential elections overwhelm climate change in the contest for media attention, the window of opportunity to nip the climate change problem in the bud is slowly closing. If this bud is allowed to flower, there is no telling where it might scatter its seeds. A uniform increase in temperature could be handled relatively easily. But if weather patterns begin to diverge in unknown directions, large changes, both increases and decreases, in temperature and precipitation could follow.
California received disappointingly little rain during the past winter and has lapsed back into serious drought, with accompanying wildfire risk.
Flooding events are on the increase on several continents.
Feedback having to do with albedo (how much sunlight is reflected) is causing the arctic to warm at an accelerated rate.
Decoded Science recognizes that most people are concerned with day-to-day issues. Yet, polls show that awareness of the danger posed by global warming is growing. Hope springs eternal.