text:
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The library contains documents in different languages. Only documents in english
The Dictionary of national biography, Vol. 17
...Ross 279 Ross where one Thomas Rosse, son of James Rosse, of Richmond, Surrey, who was educated at the Charterhouse,... (Richmond, England, United Kingdom - 1642)
Dictionary of national biography. Errata
...one Thomas Rosse, son of James Rosse, and a native of Richmond, Surrey, having been educated at the Charterhouse, was... (Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom - 1642)
Biddle roots and riddles : and autobiography of Philip C. Biddle
...in Somerset, Maryland, with Rev John Rosse officiating. He is listed at that time as being "the son of John... (Somerset, Somerset, United Kingdom - 1786)
...in 1642 read where one Thomas Rosse, son of James Rosse, and a native of Richmond, Surrey, having been educated... (Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom - 1642)
The Scottish antiquary, or, Northern notes & queries (Vol. 7)
...to be a son of James Rosse, then in the King's service, and requesting that he might be elected to... (Richmond, Scotland, United Kingdom - 1625)
With the Thirty-Second in the peninsular and other campaigns
...L He was son of John Rosse of York, by his wife, daughter of John Harrison of Bishop Auckland, Co.... (His, United Kingdom - 1621)
Dictionary of national biography (Volume 61)
...parish, by Catherine, daughter of Gabriel Rosse, the previous incumbent, who died in 1658. The elder Whiston had been a... (English, United Kingdom - 1658)
East Anglian miscellany upon matters of history, genealogy, archaeology, folklore, literature, etc. relating to East Anglia - pt. 1, Jan - Mar 1909
...married Margery, the daughter of Edward Rosse, of Nayland, sister to Jolm Rosse, gent." As stated by me previously, Thomas'... (Nayland, England, United Kingdom - 1528)
History of Scots affairs, from MDCXXXVII to MDCXLI (vol. 3)
...Rosse was the son of James Rosse, minister at Strachan in the Mearns, afterwards in the parish church of St.-Nicholas... (Strachan, Scotland, United Kingdom - 1634)
The Funeral Sermons, Orations, Epitaphs, and Other Pieces on the Death of
...He was the son of James Rosse, minister at Strachan in the Mearns, afterwards in the parish chnrch of St-Nicholas... (Strachan, Unknown country - 1639)
Matthews' American armoury and blue book
...Row John Rosse, M.A., Glasgow University, 1754, Rector of Allhallows, Worcester, Maryland, son of Andrew Rosse,... (Glasgow, Strathclyde, United Kingdom - 1754)
Dominion, Volume 1, Issue 290 1908/09/01
...son, Lord Oxmantown. The new Earl Rosse was born on June Hi 1873, and in 1905 married Lois (daughter of... (South, Wellington, New Zealand - 1905)
...Allhallows, Worcester, Maryland, son of Andrew Rosse, Professor of Humanity at Glasgow University, 1706-35.... (Glasgow, Strathclyde, United Kingdom - 1706)
Tales of Pioneers : History of Owen County, Vol. 01
...Lettie P. Rosse, daughter of Henry Rosse, a prominent and influential citizen of Clay County. Mr. Hall' cock is politically... (Clay County, Indiana, United States - 1883)
Encyclopedia of American biography. New Series, Vol. 35
...Ethel Thome Parsons, daughter of Albert Rosse and Alice Eva (Van Ness) Parsons. In the paternal line she is a... (Sandusky, Ohio, United States - 1909)
Biographical dictionary of astronomers
...ROSSE, Lawrence Parsons, fourth Earl of (1840-1908) son of above, born at Birr Castle, (Ireland), November... (Birr, Lothian, United Kingdom - 1840)
British family antiquity : illustrative of the origin and progress of the rank, honours and personal merit of the nobility of the United Kingdom,...
...Jane, his wife, daughter of Thomas Rosse, of Ingmanthorpe, Esq.) and had twenty-onechildren. William, the eldest son, died without issue,... (Ingmanthorpe, United Kingdom - 1555)
Counties of Clay and Owen, Indiana : Historical and biographical
...Lettie P. Rosse, daughter of Henry Rosse, a prominent and influential citizen of Clay County. Mr. Hancock is politically a... (Clay County, Indiana, United States - 1859)
Dugdale's Visitation of Yorkshire, with additions (Volume 3)
..., mar. Jane, daughter of Henry Rosse, of Preston in Holdernesse, lie, 1664, at Garten or Ebberston. They had issue... (Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom - 1664)
Geographical gazetteer of Jefferson county, N.Y., 1685-1890
...He married Lovina, daughter of Louis Rosse, by whom he had two sons and four daughtei-s. Those who survive are... (Halifax, N. S., Nova Scotia, Canada - 1825)
The Dictionary of National Biography
...where one Thomas Rosse, son of James Rosse, of Richmond, Surrey, who was educated at the Charterhouse,... (Richmond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom - 1642)
Genealogical and family history of the county of Jefferson, New York : a record of the achievements of her people and the phenomenal growth...
... George Jab-as, son of Frederick L. and Lovina (Rosse) Jabas, was born June 29, 1848, on the paternal farm,... (Springfield, New York, United States - 1848)
...one Thomas Rosse, son of James Rosse, of Richmond, Surrey, who was educated at the Charterhouse, graduated B. A. in... (Richmond, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom - 1642)
A genealogical history of the Macilwraith family of Auchenflower, Drummurchie & Knockdolian Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland : written for my Mcilwraith ancestors who lived centuries...
...who was a daughter of Andrew Rosse of Chapeldonan & his spouse Elizabeth Boswell.Chappeldonan was an ancient place in Girvan... (Girvan, Strathclyde, United Kingdom - 1653)
Peninsula Enterprise, Volume 39, Number 38 1920/04/03
...daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Rosse. Mr. Duncan is a popular wheelwright of this town where they will make... (Daugherty, Va., Virginia, United States - 1920)
...1659. He was married to Dorothy Rosse, who was a daughter of Andrew Rosse of Chapeldonan & his spouse Elizabeth... (Girvan, Strathclyde, United Kingdom - 1659)
The Funeral sermons, orations, epitaphs, and other pieces on the death of the Right Rev. Patrick Forbes, Bishop of Aberdeen
...He was the son of James Rosse, minister at Strachan in the Mearns, afterwards in the parish church of St-Nicholas... (Strachan, Grampian, United Kingdom - 1631)
Complete American armoury and blue book by John Matthews : combining 1903, 1907 and 1911-23 editions
Genealogical and family history of the county of Jefferson, New York, (Volume 1)
... George Jabas, son of Frederick L. and Lovina (Rosse) Jabas, was born June 29, 1848, on the paternal farm,... (Springfield, New York, United States - 1848)
...one Thomas Rosse, son of James Rosse, of Richmond, Surrey, who was educated at the Charterhouse, graduated B.A. in 1642-3.... (Richmond, England, United Kingdom - 1642)
L'Express - feuille d'avis de Neuchâtel 1977/05/07
...faire part du décès de Madame Irène DIGIER née ROSSÉ leur chère épouse, maman, belle-maman, grand-maman, soeur, belle-soeur, tante, cousine,... (Le Landeron, Neuchâtel, Switzerland - 1977)
Généalogie de la famille de Verdun
...tournois et 5 sols à Marguerite Rosse veuve de Gervais Larches, en règlement des travaux de maçonnerie exécutés chez elle... (Paris (et/viii/147), Paris, France - 1549)
BERGHA n°44
...14.07.1772 Joseph ROSSé, veuf de Jeanne MONNIER de Felon, et Jeanne Claudie, des défunts Georges SCHWALM... (Felon, Territoire de Belfort, France - 1772)
...sacrements, en présence des témoins Antoine Rossé, maître d'écôle en ce lieu, et de François Holder, fils de Theobald Holder,... (Landau en Basse-Alsace, Bas-Rhin, France - 1759)
La Fédération horlogère suisse 1941-11-13
...chef de la raison individuelle Fernand Rossé, à Porrentruy, est Fernand Rossé, fils d'Alexandre, originaire d'Aile, demeurant à Porrentruy. La... (Porrentruy, Switzerland - 1941)
Inventaire du notariat de Saint-Jean-du-Gard (Gard)
...et habitant de St-Jean et Marie ROSSE fille de feu Jean Ros et de Anne Gervaize, du lieu de Peyrolle... (St-Jean, Gard, France - 1659)
...Fernand Rossé, à Porrentruy, est Fernand Rossé, fils d'Alexandre, originaire d'Aile, demeurant à Porrentruy. La raison reprend l'actif et le... (Porrentruy, Switzerland - 1941)
Inventaire du notariat de Vézénobres (Gard)
...S contrat de mariage entre Jean BOYS SIERS de Deaux et Loyse ROSSE ou Rousse fille de Antoine Roux, du... (Deaux, Gard, France - 1556)
Bulletin des régions libérées - 1926/12/11 (Année 8, N°24)
...par indivis au sieur Rosse (Louis), père du requérant, à celui-ci et à sa s?ur, que, sur la demande des... (Novillars, Doubs, France - 1923)
La Liberté - journal catholique quotidien 1994/12/16
...part du décès de Madame Rose GIABANI née Rossé leur très chère et regrettée maman , belle-maman , grand-maman ,... (Farvagny-le-Petit, Fribourg, Switzerland - 1994)
Journal de Genève 1985/07/01
...faire part du décès de Madame André PANCHAUD née Jacqueline ROSSÉ leur chère mère, belle-mère, grand-mère, soeur, belle-soeur, tante, grand-tante... (Zuidlaren (Pays-Bas), Drenthe, Netherlands - 1985)
La Sentinelle - quotidien socialiste 1950/03/04
...fille de Henri-Pierre et de Marie-Célestine née Rossé, originaire avant son mariage de Bassecourt, canton de Berne.... (La Chaux-de-Fonds, Neuchâtel, Switzerland - 1922)
Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire... (2e éd.) / par A. Jal,
...Catherine, fille du célèbre graveur Abraham Rosse, cl, le 22 juin 1619, Marie, fille du peintre Henri Choron.? Pierre Forest... (Paris, Paris, France - 1619)
Recueil des actes de l'administration de la partie française du Haut-Rhin
...3 juillet 1853, fils de Marie-Louise Rossé. 27. Rosselot, Philibert, né à Danjoutin, le 6 octobre 1852, fils de Jean-Baptiste... (Danjoutin, Territoire de Belfort, France - 1852)
La Loi : journal judiciaire quotidien 1889/07/24
...quatre, savoir : Eugène Hossel, Antoine Rosse 1, Victor Viala et Marc Viala, tous petits-fils de Félicité Ronnel. épouse Viala,... (Narbonne, Aude, France - 1888)
Nos Ancêtres et Nous - n° 039
...Ù8W$te& Mimtttet eemrai marraine : Marguerite DEWOLF, fille épouse de Pierre ROSSE. L'enfant 40$ n&taîreç, $ Paris de feu Jean... (Gilly, Bourgogne, France - 1768)
L'Impartial 1939/07/06
...fils de Charles et de Amélie née Rossé, né le 24 septembre 1905, de Muriaux. à Saignelégier , et Girardin... (Muriaux, Neuchâtel, Switzerland - 1905)
L'Écho rochelais : feuille d'annonces commerciales, judiciaires et d'avis divers ["puis" journal politique de la Charente-Inférieure "puis" journal des Charentes, politique et commercial] 1935/04/05...
...cours d'un interrogatoire su- mé Léon Rosse, beau-père de J sonnel des services départemen- contempler les demis d'ouvertubi ce matin,... (Bouhet, Charente-Maritime, France - 1935)
Notaires d'Artois 1641-1650
...7/6/1644 , rente deue par Jenne ROSSE vve d'Estienne GILLO, contrat passé à Aire le 2/11/1633, le dit MEURIN en... (Aire, Pas-de-Calais, France - 1633)
Confédéré - journal d'information du Valais romand 1927/02/14
...La victime est un nommé Joseph Rossé, "foapitant Courtetelle, né en 1877 et père de neuf enfants. C'est en passant... (Delémont, Valais, Switzerland - 1877)
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Last Name : ROSSÉ
Newspapers 39,869
Magazines 991
Obituaries 568
Other documents 15
Coats of arms 13
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text:
Leko vs Radjabov – the Sveshnikov battle
4/30/2006 – At the recent Morelia/Linares tournament Teimour Radjabov played the Sveshnikov against Peter Leko, who produced an intriguing near-novelty. A tough battle ensued. Let our Monday night Playchess lecturer Dennis Monokroussos show you this instructive game.
The Sniper is a universal opening framework which can be played against all main first white moves - 1.e4, 1.d4, 1.c4, 1.f4 and 1.Nf3. Black plays 1…g6, 2…Bg7 and 3…c5 against practically anything!
Dennis Monokroussos writes:
This week we'll go against concept and look at a very recent game, the battle between Peter Leko and Teimour Radjabov from the 2006 Morelia/Linares tournament. Both players were in excellent form in this event, and this game was no exception. Radjabov essayed one of the most popular lines in contemporary chess, the Sveshnikov Sicilian, which Leko – himself a long-time devotee of the Sveshnikov – met with an intriguing near-novelty.
Radjabov did not find (or perhaps did find but rejected) what most commentators, including Leko himself, have declared the best continuation, but refuting Radjabov's idea proved quite difficult. When Leko is in good form, however, his play is a fine blend of strategic depth combined with accurate, deep calculation, and a 30-minute think produced the solution. From that point on, Leko increased his advantage bit by bit, exploiting Black's weak light squares and compromised king's position while simultaneously quashing Black's various attempts at counterplay. Finally, Leko crowned his efforts with a tactical finish leading to mate – a beautiful bow wrapping the package.
It's a great game; a bit calmer than the wild Velimirovic Attack we saw the last two weeks, but still plenty sharp. Strategically, Leko's play is a model worthy of emulation, and considering the prominence of the Sveshnikov in current practice, this game deserves a close look by anyone who plays this variation or faces it. We'll provide a bit of a primer on the line, so even if you're just curious about it, you'll want to watch this Monday night at 9 pm!
Dennis Monokroussos' Radio ChessBase lectures begin on Mondays at 9 p.m. EDT, which translates to 02:00h GMT, 03:00 Paris/Berlin, 13:00h Sydney (on Tuesday). Other time zones can be found at the bottom of this page. You can use Fritz or any Fritz-compatible program (Shredder, Junior, Tiger, Hiarcs) to follow the lectures, or download a free trial client.
Note: you can watch older lectures by Dennis Monokroussos here:
Enter the above archive room and click on "Games" to see the lectures. The lectures, which can go for an hour or more, will cost you between one and two ducats. That is the equivalent of 10-20 Euro cents (14-28 US cents).
Dennis Monokroussos is 39, lives in South Bend, IN, and is an adjunct professor of philosophy at the University of Notre Dame.
He is fairly inactive as a player right now, spending most of his non-philosophy time being a husband and teaching chess. At one time he was one of the strongest juniors in the U.S., but quit for about eight years starting in his early 20s. His highest rating was 2434 USCF, but he has now fallen to the low-mid 2300s – "too much blitz, too little tournament chess", he says.
Dennis has been working as a chess teacher for seven years now, giving lessons to adults and kids both in person and on the internet, worked for a number of years for New York's Chess In The Schools program, where he was one of the coaches of the 1997-8 US K-8 championship team from the Bronx, and was very active in working with many of CITS's most talented juniors.
When Dennis Monokroussos presents a game, there are usually two main areas of focus: the opening-to-middlegame transition and the key moments of the middlegame (or endgame, when applicable). With respect to the latter, he attempts to present some serious analysis culled from his best sources (both text and database), which he has checked with his own efforts and then double-checked with his chess software.
Here are the exact times for different locations in the world. Since Europe has switched from Summer to Regular time please double-check at World Time and Date for your time zone.
Abu Dhabi Tue 06:00 Halifax Mon 22:00 New Orleans Mon 20:00
Addis Ababa Tue 05:00 Hanoi Tue 09:00 New York Mon 21:00
Adelaide * Tue 12:30 Harare Tue 04:00 Odesa Tue 04:00
Aden Tue 05:00 Havana Mon 21:00 Oslo Tue 03:00
Aklavik Mon 19:00 Helsinki Tue 04:00 Ottawa Mon 21:00
Algiers Tue 03:00 Hong Kong Tue 10:00 Paris Tue 03:00
Amman Tue 04:00 Honolulu Mon 16:00 Perth Tue 10:00
Amsterdam Tue 03:00 Houston Mon 20:00 Philadelphia Mon 21:00
Anadyr Tue 14:00 Indianapolis Mon 21:00 Phoenix Mon 19:00
Anchorage Mon 17:00 Islamabad Tue 07:00 Prague Tue 03:00
Ankara Tue 04:00 Istanbul Tue 04:00 Reykjavik Tue 02:00
Antananarivo Tue 05:00 Jakarta Tue 09:00 Rio de Janeiro * Tue 00:00
Asuncion * Mon 23:00 Jerusalem Tue 04:00 Riyadh Tue 05:00
Athens Tue 04:00 Johannesburg Tue 04:00 Rome Tue 03:00
Atlanta Mon 21:00 Kabul Tue 06:30 San Francisco Mon 18:00
Baghdad Tue 05:00 Kamchatka Tue 14:00 San Juan Mon 22:00
Bangkok Tue 09:00 Karachi Tue 07:00 San Salvador Mon 20:00
Barcelona Tue 03:00 Kathmandu Tue 07:45 Santiago * Mon 23:00
Beijing Tue 10:00 Khartoum Tue 05:00 Santo Domingo Mon 22:00
Beirut Tue 04:00 Kingston Mon 21:00 Sao Paulo * Tue 00:00
Belgrade Tue 03:00 Kiritimati Tue 16:00 Seattle Mon 18:00
Berlin Tue 03:00 Kolkata Tue 07:30 Seoul Tue 11:00
Bogota Mon 21:00 Kuala Lumpur Tue 10:00 Shanghai Tue 10:00
Boston Mon 21:00 Kuwait City Tue 05:00 Singapore Tue 10:00
Brasilia * Tue 00:00 Kyiv Tue 04:00 Sofia Tue 04:00
Brisbane Tue 12:00 La Paz Mon 22:00 St. John's Mon 22:30
Brussels Tue 03:00 Lagos Tue 03:00 St. Paul Mon 20:00
Bucharest Tue 04:00 Lahore Tue 07:00 Stockholm Tue 03:00
Budapest Tue 03:00 Lima Mon 21:00 Suva Tue 14:00
Buenos Aires Mon 23:00 Lisbon Tue 02:00 Sydney * Tue 13:00
Cairo Tue 04:00 London Tue 02:00 Taipei Tue 10:00
Canberra * Tue 13:00 Los Angeles Mon 18:00 Tallinn Tue 04:00
Cape Town Tue 04:00 Madrid Tue 03:00 Tashkent Tue 07:00
Caracas Mon 22:00 Managua Mon 20:00 Tegucigalpa Mon 20:00
Casablanca Tue 02:00 Manila Tue 10:00 Tehran Tue 05:30
Chatham Island * Tue 15:45 Melbourne * Tue 13:00 Tokyo Tue 11:00
Chicago Mon 20:00 Mexico City Mon 20:00 Toronto Mon 21:00
Copenhagen Tue 03:00 Minneapolis Mon 20:00 Vancouver Mon 18:00
Darwin Tue 11:30 Minsk Tue 04:00 Vienna Tue 03:00
Denver Mon 19:00 Montevideo * Tue 00:00 Vladivostok Tue 12:00
Detroit Mon 21:00 Montgomery Mon 20:00 Warsaw Tue 03:00
Dhaka Tue 08:00 Montreal Mon 21:00 Washington DC Mon 21:00
Dublin Tue 02:00 Moscow Tue 05:00 Wellington * Tue 15:00
Edmonton Mon 19:00 Mumbai Tue 07:30 Winnipeg Mon 20:00
Frankfurt Tue 03:00 Nairobi Tue 05:00 Yangon Tue 08:30
Geneva Tue 03:00 Nassau Mon 21:00 Zagreb Tue 03:00
Guatemala Mon 20:00 New Delhi Tue 07:30 Zürich Tue 03:00
If your own city or time zone is not listed you can find it at World Time and Date

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.service;

/**
 * 通用服务接口
 *
 * @author william.liangf
 * @export
 */
public interface GenericService {

    /**
     * 泛化调用
     *
     * @param method 方法名,如:findPerson,如果有重载方法,需带上参数列表,如:findPerson(java.lang.String)
     * @param parameterTypes 参数类型
     * @param args 参数列表
     * @return 返回值
     * @throws Throwable 方法抛出的异常
     */
    Object $invoke(String method, String[] parameterTypes, Object[] args) throws GenericException;

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hey! So as I said, I did indeed go to Maine! Straight to Acadia National Park, and more specifically, Skoodic Woods. Quite the adventure. Ten hours driving there (sooooo much time to ponder me, life, the Universe and everything) because I took the long way (I wanted to SEE Maine...and DID. Pretty state), then stayed for two nights (camped with the dogs, toured the area...experienced Maine blueberries which are TINY, and saw that Maine lobsters are sold EVERYWHERE) and came home in 7 hours. It was genuinely short, but sweet. I now have a better feel for Maine, and honestly? I'll go back sometime and stay longer.
So did this help with the question - what do I like about Burning Man? And can I recreate it outside of the playa - to the degree that I need? I had a lot of time to think on it.
- Adventures. And I encompass a lot in that thought. Being in the desert in that heat? Camping? All that not-a-hotel business is outside my comfort zone right there. But within the playa there are adventures all over. Things to climb (art), new things to try (hey, getting comfortable enough with your body to go around pretty naked? THAT process was an adventure. Cool stuff.
So how did Maine do in comparison? It definitely was an adventure for one thing, and on multiple levels. I never drive really far, camp, and with my dogs and no one else. AND indeed, I was VERY alone. The campground only had "group" camps left. I asked if I could rent that and indeed that was a thing, so I did. And as there are usually multiple campers, it was far away from every other site. And there were no other campers, really, within earshot. So I was INDEED camping in the middle of nowhere…alone. The dogs were definitely feeling it all too - barking at EVERY sound at first. And you know, it took me three fires (and two luke-warm meals) before I figured out how these coal fires work...lots learned. AND this was the Maine coast. GORGEOUS scenery. An adventure on many levels.
You know, life is SO like that! And yeah, right in our own backyard. :-) So one Burning Man question answered - are there adventures to be had elsewhere? Well yeah sure. I just need to go and take advantage.


The 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix is scheduled to be held on 22 April 2012 at the Bahrain International Circuit in Bahrain. It will be the first time Formula One has returned to Bahrain after the 2011 race was cancelled due to ongoing anti-government protests. After using the "endurance circuit" in 2010, the series will revert to using the "Grand Prix" configuration for the 2012 race. The race will be supported by the GP2 Series.


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Nop.Core.Data;
using Nop.Core.Domain.Catalog;
using Nop.Plugin.Api.Services;
using NUnit.Framework;
using Rhino.Mocks;

namespace Nop.Plugin.Api.Tests.ServicesTests.Categories.GetCategoriesCount
{
    using Nop.Services.Stores;

    [TestFixture]
    public class CategoryApiServiceTests_GetCategoriesCount_ProductIdParameter
    {
        private ICategoryApiService _categoryApiService;
        private List<Category> _existigCategories;
        private List<ProductCategory> _existingCategoryMappings;

        [SetUp]
        public void Setup()
        {
            _existigCategories = new List<Category>()
            {
                new Category() {Id = 2 },
                new Category() {Id = 3 },
                new Category() {Id = 1 },
                new Category() {Id = 4 },
                new Category() {Id = 5 },
                new Category() {Id = 6, Deleted = true },
                new Category() {Id = 7 }
            };

            var categoryRepo = MockRepository.GenerateStub<IRepository<Category>>();
            categoryRepo.Stub(x => x.TableNoTracking).Return(_existigCategories.AsQueryable());

            _existingCategoryMappings= new List<ProductCategory>()
            {
                new ProductCategory() { CategoryId = 1, ProductId = 2 },
                new ProductCategory() { CategoryId = 1, ProductId = 3 },
                new ProductCategory() { CategoryId = 2, ProductId = 2 },
                new ProductCategory() { CategoryId = 3, ProductId = 1 },
                new ProductCategory() { CategoryId = 4, ProductId = 4 },
                new ProductCategory() { CategoryId = 5, ProductId = 5 }
            };

            var productCategoryRepo = MockRepository.GenerateStub<IRepository<ProductCategory>>();
            productCategoryRepo.Stub(x => x.TableNoTracking).Return(_existingCategoryMappings.AsQueryable());

            var storeMappingService = MockRepository.GenerateStub<IStoreMappingService>();
            storeMappingService.Stub(x => x.Authorize(Arg<Category>.Is.Anything)).Return(true);

            _categoryApiService = new CategoryApiService(categoryRepo, productCategoryRepo, storeMappingService);
        }

        [Test]
        public void WhenCalledWithValidProductId_ShouldReturnOnlyTheCountOfTheCategoriesMappedToThisProduct()
        {
            // Arange
            int productId = 3;
            var expectedCollectionCount = (from cat in _existigCategories
                                          join mapping in _existingCategoryMappings on cat.Id equals mapping.CategoryId
                                          where mapping.ProductId == productId
                                          orderby cat.Id
                                          select cat).Count();

            // Act
            var categoriesCount = _categoryApiService.GetCategoriesCount(productId: productId);

            // Assert
            Assert.AreEqual(expectedCollectionCount, categoriesCount);
        }

        [Test]
        [TestCase(0)]
        [TestCase(-10)]
        public void WhenCalledWithNegativeOrZeroProductId_ShouldReturnZero(int productId)
        {
            // Act
            var categoriesCount = _categoryApiService.GetCategoriesCount(productId: productId);

            // Assert
            Assert.AreEqual(0, categoriesCount);
        }

        [Test]
        [TestCase(int.MaxValue)]
        [TestCase(int.MinValue)]
        [TestCase(-1)]
        [TestCase(5465464)]
        public void WhenCalledWithProductIdThatDoesNotExistInTheMappings_ShouldReturnZero(int productId)
        {
            // Act
            var categoriesCount = _categoryApiService.GetCategoriesCount(productId: productId);

            // Assert
            Assert.AreEqual(0, categoriesCount);
        }
    }
}


Terranova's Smooth Synergy is a vegan food supplement for adults and is made without the use of fillers, binders and other excipients. The following ingredients are included giving a range of beneficial effects: Ashwagandha Root - may support energy metabolism and nervous system health. Avena Sativa (Green Oat Seed) - The milk stage of oat seeds provides one of the most soothing and gentle, tonics for supporting healthy nerves. American Ginseng - may help support healthy adrenal function and energy metabolism. Rhodiola Root - may support energy metabolism, healthy neurotransmitter balance, mental performance and nervous system health. Stabilised Rice Bran (SRB) - has one of nature's highest concentrations of nutrients involved in energy metabolism and nerve health such as B-vitamins, alpha lipoic acid and co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Ginger Rhizome/Root - maintain healthy circulation. Cayenne Fruit Ð Often used as a tonic to help maintain healthy circulation. It is also commonly used to help facilitate distribution of nutrients in the body. Two capsules provide: Ashwagandha Root 200mg, Avena Sativa [Green Oat Seed] (fresh freeze dried, organic) 200mg, American Ginseng (fresh freeze dried) 100mg, Rhodiola Root Extract (fresh freeze dried) 100mg, Stabilised Rice Bran 100mg, Ginger Rhizome/Root (fresh freeze dried - organic) 25mg, Cayenne Pepper (fresh freeze dried - organic) 5mg, Vegetable Capsule Shell 236mg, Inositol 100mg, Magnesium (as oxide, citrate) 100mg, Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate (P 5-P) 2mg, Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin) 500ug. Adults should take 1 or 2 capsules daily with food. Do not exceed stated dose unless directed by a healthcare practitioner. Smooth Synergy is free from wheat, gluten, preservatives, flavours, colours, sugar, additives, animal products, dairy soy and corn.
Ashwagandha Root 200mg,Green Oat Seed [Avena sativa] (fresh freeze dried – ORGANIC) 200mg,American Ginseng (fresh freeze dried) 100mg,Rhodiola Root Extract (fresh freeze dried) 100mg,Stabilized Rice Bran 100mg, Ginger Rhizome/Root (fresh freeze dried – ORGANIC) 25mg, Cayenne Pepper (fresh freeze dried – ORGANIC) 5mg, Inositol 100mg, Magnesium (as oxide, citrate) 100mg, Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate (P 5-P) 2mg, Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin) 500ug, NO FILLERS, BINDERS OR OTHER EXCIPIENTS SUITABLE FOR VEGETARIANS & VEGANS NO WHEAT – NO SOY – NO YEAST – NO DAIRY – NO GELATINE – NO ANIMAL INGREDIENTS – NO ADDITIVES – NO ADDED SUGAR – NO COLOURS – NO FLAVOURS – NO PRESERVATIVES. Contains Oat seed – consult physician if coeliac.
The Terranova Vegan Smooth Synergy Supplement - 50 Capsules product ethics are indicated below. To learn more about these product ethics and to see related products, follow the links below.
There are currently no questions to display about Terranova Vegan Smooth Synergy Supplement - 50 Capsules.


text:
Q: How does git fit into your web workflow? I've been researching Git quite a bit, and I get the basic concepts, except how it fits into the workflow of a small team.
As I understand it, I would want:

*

*one shared semi-public repo for myself and my team to work from (pulling changes into our local copies) and test features in.

*one repo where we push anything that's tested and ready to go live.

*a live repo where the working directory is the root folder of the actual website
Am I understanding this or complicating it more than it needs to be?  Just trying to wrap my mind around it, and very few of the tutorials go into detail on this topic.

A: My dev team has only one remote repo where all changes are pushed.
Features in development are branched to avoid breaking the master copy, so there may be multiple active branches at the same time. Each developer has a "local" repo that's actually running on the dev server (we tend to do our development using VIM via SSH). Each of the "local" repos is set up as a unique virtual host that's tagged with the user's name. As a result, there may be three or four different versions of the site running on the dev server. This allows developers to test code changes instantly.
When preparing for a release, all finished branches are merged and the resulting code is pulled via git to a pre-deployment server which closely matches the production environment. After approval, the specific commit is tagged with a version number and either pulled using git or rsynched onto the production server where it goes through a few more tests to make sure the deployment went smoothly.

A: There is many git workflow that you can apply but if you need a starting point I would recommend nvie blog post which explain a good centralized way to manage your changes in your application through branches.
You can read more about it on http://progit.org/book/ch3-4.html.
Also, it seems like somebody already asked about this: Git branch strategy for small dev team

A: Instead of using several repositories for development/release/... I would use branches in one repository.
More ideas about a possible model for that (and how it is used in a team) can be found in this blog post:
http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/
(And don't be scared, the graph on the top looks complicated, but if you just read the article becomes very clear :) )

On an unrelated note: Git is very powerful and good for a lot of things but can also be quite complex to use (both exactly what you would expect for a version control system written by kernel hackers ;D).
For a decentralized VCS, Bazaar might be a good alternative. It shares the essential ideas with git. But I have heard repeatedly from a number of different people, that it tends to be a lot easier to handle for teams that don't have a computer science background and maybe use version control for the first time.
(Just in case that matches your criteria. I don't know your team and the range of people's background and experience is quite broad in web development. Don't want to start a VCS flamewar here either.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Niue Star is a weekly Niuean newspaper, founded in 1993. It is Niue's only newspaper. Its founder, owner, editor, journalist and photographer is Michael Jackson. The newspaper is distributed in Niue, New Zealand and Australia, and has a circulation of 800. It is a bilingual newspaper, published both in English and in Niuean.

History
The Niue Star was founded with the assistance of AESOPS, which provided Jackson with equipment including a computer, a digital camera and a printing press. It also provided Jackson with a journalism course. The latter had previously worked as publisher of the now-defunct government newspaper Tohi Tala Niue, but set up the private Niue Star as his own initiative.

The Star was originally printed in Alofi, until its main office and printing shop were destroyed by Cyclone Heta in 2004. It then moved to Auckland.

According to its editor, Michael Jackson,
"The Niue Star is the community newspaper. Now it's mainly information, village happenings, community happenings, family interest stories like hair cuttings and ear piercing. The good thing about it is that all our families in New Zealand and Australia are looking forward for the Niue Star to read how, you know, what goes on back home and to see these colourful photographs. So that's my market."

Jackson also reports on political news ("[I]f the government is, you know, not doing the right thing and the people want to know, then I will insist in reporting it."), and, through the Star, aims to "connect Niueans wherever they are". A large majority of Niueans live outside Niue itself, which, due to continuous emigration, has a population of barely 1000. Most Niuean expatriates live in New Zealand, where the Niue Star'' is distributed within the Niuean community.

References

External links
Niue Star

Companies of Niue
Newspapers established in 1993
Newspapers published in New Zealand
Newspapers published in Niue
Bilingual newspapers
1993 establishments in Niue

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Connect a Domain
Change Domain Pointing from A Record to CNAME / Domain Forwarding
How to Add a Subdomain / How to Connect a Subdomain to a Site
A subdomain is an addition or extension of your domain name. If "example.com" is your domain name, then "east.example.com" and "west.example.com" are its subdomains. A subdomain is any combination of letters, numbers, hyphens, etc. that appear before ".example.com". Right now, you're viewing this article on "support.siteswan.com" which is a subdomain of "siteswan.com".
Common use cases of subdomains are separating different types of content, or setting up landing pages for marketing campaigns, like collecting reviews, ordering online, among others.
With most domain registrars, you can create a very large number of subdomains for no additional fee. If you'd like to assign a subdomain to a SiteSwan site, it's a very similar procedure to the traditional Connect a Domain process, but it's actually fewer steps.
Here's how to connect a subdomain, using CheapNEasyDomains.com as our example:
(Note: the instructions are very similar for GoDaddy as well)
Log in to your account and go "My Products" then look for the section titled "Domains" and click the "Manage" button next to it.
From the "My Domains" page, find the domain name you want to manage. Click the gear icon in the top right, and click "Manage DNS".
From the DNS Management page, click the "Add Record" button on the bottom right to add a DNS Record.
For this example, let's pretend we want to assign "reviews.brotherjoespizza.com" to a site, which will serve as a landing page for customers to submit their reviews online. To do this, set the "Type" to CNAME . Set the "Host" to the subdomain (do not include the rest of the URL in this - only the characters that make up the subdomain text), which would be "reviews". Then set the "Points To" value to domain.multisiteadmin.com and click "Save".
On your SiteSwan site, enter the full subdomain on your Settings tab and click the "Save All" button. It can then take up to 72 hours for the change to fully take place.
The process for adding the CNAME Record varies by registrar (some refer to this as Adding a Subdomain). Please consult with your domain name provider support for instructions on how to add CNAME Records for subdomains if it's not clear or evident.
NOTE: You do not need to change your domain's nameservers, or setup Domain Forwarding – only the CNAME Record needs to be created. You also do not need to purchase any hosting services for the domain.
How to Add the UserWay Website Accessibility Widget
How to Cancel My Account


text:
        <link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Corben:bold" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
        <link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nobile" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
        <link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lobster' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="addText/addText.css">

<md-tabs>

</md-tabs>

Class                                        Homework               Notes

          {{ user.class || '' }}

          {{ user.homework || '' }}

          {{ user.notes || '' }}

                <form editable-form name="rowform" onbeforesave="saveUser($data, user.id)" ng-show="rowform.$visible" class="form-buttons form-inline" shown="inserted == user">
                    <button type="submit" ng-disabled="rowform.$waiting" class="btn btn-primary">
                        save
                    </button>
                    <button type="button" ng-disabled="rowform.$waiting" ng-click="rowform.$cancel()" class="btn btn-default">
                        cancel
                    </button>
                </form>

                    <button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="rowform.$show()">edit</button>
                    <button class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="removeUser($index)">del</button>

    <button class="btn btn-default" ng-click="addUser()">Add row</button>
    <link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="bower_components/angular-xeditable/dist/css/xeditable.css" rel="stylesheet">


Within the last two weeks, at least 32 people have been killed in the latest round of sectarian violence between Tripoli's Alawite-majority Jabal Mohsen neighborhood and the Sunni-majority Bab al-Tabbaneh district.
The Lebanese government on Thursday tasked the army with restoring law and order to the restive city of Tripoli, which in recent weeks has been shaken by sectarian violence.
"The government decided to assign the army and security forces with implementing a plan to maintain security in Tripoli," Information Minister Ramzi Joreige said following a cabinet meeting.
"The plan will include a ban on the use of arms," Joreige said, adding that, under the plan, the army would seize arms depots in both Sunni and Alawite parts of the city.
Speaking at Thursday's cabinet meeting, President Michel Suleiman said the current security situation in Tripoli – Lebanon's second largest city – required "radical solutions."
On Thursday, a Lebanese soldier was shot dead in the city by unknown assailants.
Some 145 people, meanwhile, have been injured in the unrest.
The recent bloodletting is only the latest in a pattern of violence that has seen 20 separate clashes between the two rival neighborhoods within the last six years.
Since 2008, almost 200 people have been killed and hundreds injured in violent confrontations between armed residents from the two districts, according to an informal survey by Anadolu Agency.
The sectarian violence was initially prompted by the 2005 assassination of late Lebanese prime minister Rafiq Hariri.
While Syria's Alawite regime had been accused of standing behind the Hariri assassination, the allegation has never been proven.
The ongoing conflict in next-door Syria, meanwhile, has served to fuel Lebanon's sectarian tensions.
A high-profile terrorist has been killed in the eastern Lebanese town of Arsal, the army said on Thursday.
In a statement, the army said Sami al-Atrash had opened fire on an army patrol during a raid on his hideout, prompting army forces to fire back, injuring him.
According to the statement, al-Atrash later succumbed to his wounds.
The statement said that the slain militant was responsible for preparing booby-trapped cars, rocket attacks and assaults on civilians and army troops in Arsal.
Earlier on Thursday, a medical source said al-Atrash had breathed his last as soon as he arrived at an eastern Lebanon hospital.
Hezbollah strongholds in southern Beirut were the target of repeated attacks over the past few months, which were claimed by several groups that cited Hezbollah's involvement in the Syrian conflict for the attacks.


Embark alone or with up to 3 friends (5 with game variant) on a 5-30-lantern-year campaign, with each year consisting of a cycle of hunt, showdown, and settlement phases. The settlement phase is an intricate civilization building game in which you spend very limited resources to build buildings, research new technologies, train your warriors, and set up your strategy for survival. During the hunt, you'll encounter a series of stories in a "choose your own adventure" style journey through various events and encounters. Finally, when you meet the monster you're pursuing, you'll engage it in an a massive arena-style battle where only one party is going to survive. If your party lives, you'll be able to bring the spoils back home to use in expanding your settlement.
Each of the 7 monsters included are controlled by their own pair of decks that scale to 3 levels of difficulty (except for the final encounter, which has only 1 level and it's HARD!). Every encounter, even with the same monster, is highly variable and no two showdowns will resolve the same way. Players will have to plan their gear and keep their minds sharp to prevail.
In Kingdom Death: Monster, survivors will craft gear from resources earned from defeating monsters or found on their hunt. Each survivor has a 3×3 gear grid. Selection and arrangement of your gear cards is critical, as many provided bonuses and activate special rules when aligned correctly.


Here at Garden Fireballs, our aim is to bring you a product which is not only built to last but also looks great whether it's containing a roaring fire or simply casting stunning shadows from the sunlight.
Our fireballs have a range of designs that will appeal to every member of the family! bring an air of fantasy to your back garden with the dragon and fairy designs, drift miles away gazing into the heart of the safari design or perhaps you want to create a nice serene vibe with the stag and leaf designs, there really is something for everyone!
Each of our fireballs has been carefully handcrafted from 3mm mild steel, they each include a small drain hole at the bottom so rainwater will never collect inside; this means your fireball will always be ready to go.


text:
Brittany Rogers (born June 8, 1993) is a Canadian artistic gymnast who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  She attended the University of Georgia and competed for the Georgia Gym Dogs. Consequently, combining both elite and college gymnastics without deferral, Rogers is one of very few gymnasts to have undertaken this combination – vying for a spot on the 2016 Summer Olympics team.

Junior career

2006
In April, Rogers competed at the Pacific Rim Championships in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. She contributed an all around score of 55.050 toward the Canadian team's second-place finish.

In May, Rogers competed at the Canadian Championships in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. She placed fifth in the all around final with a score of 52.350. In event finals, she placed first on vault scoring 13.850, third on uneven bars scoring 13.250, fifth on balance beam scoring 13.550, and fourth on floor scoring 14.050.

2007
In May, Rogers competed at the Canadian Championships in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. She won the junior all around final with a score of 57.550. In event finals, she placed fourth on vault scoring 13.525, second on uneven bars scoring 14.550, and second on floor scoring 14.350.

2008
In March, Rogers competed at the Pacific Rim Championships in San Jose, California, United States. She contributed an all around score of 56.875 toward the Canadian team's second-place finish. In event finals, she placed third on vault scoring 14.625, third on uneven bars scoring 14.575, and eighth on balance beam scoring 13.825.

In June, Rogers competed in the senior division of the Canadian Championships in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. She placed sixth in the all around final with a score of 54.850. In event finals she placed fourth on vault scoring 13.950 and sixth on uneven bars scoring 14.200.

Senior career

2009
In February, Rogers placed ninth at the American Cup in Chicago, Illinois, United States with an all around score of 52.600.  "I didn't do as well as I had hoped at the American Cup, but things happen for a reason, and you need bad days to have good days," Rogers said. "There's always something you can learn."

In June, Rogers was expected to compete and the Canadian Championships in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada but was forced to withdraw due to a rib injury. "I popped my rib out a few times in warm up, which caused all the muscles to spasm around that area," Rogers told International Gymnast Magazine. "Expected recovery time for now is unknown, but it's already feeling better, which hopefully means I won't be off for much longer and get right back on track for Worlds."

In October, Rogers competed at the 2009 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in London, United Kingdom. She placed nineteenth in the all around final with a score of 53.075, the highest of any Canadian women. In event finals, she placed seventh on vault with score of 14.200.

2010
In April, Rogers competed at the Pacific Rim Championships in Melbourne, Australia. She helped the Canadian Team finish in fourth place with a vault scoring 14.000. She fractured her medial malleolus bone in her right ankle during a dismount on balance beam. "I was put in a fiberglass cast for one month and then transferred into a walking air cast which I'm still in," she said. "Unfortunately it's not healing as well as we would all like. It's still fractured due to the way the bone is broken off. The bone is too small to pin surgically, and would be a difficult reconstructive surgery."

In November, Rogers had surgery on her ankle because it was not healing naturally. She said, "Gymnastics is the biggest part of my life, and it was far from easy missing almost a full season of competitions. I have the best support system behind me, who have helped me tremendously by keeping me focused and in shape, gearing up to get back at it and be the best I can be."

2011
In February, Rogers was able to resume training. "After seeing the surgeon again recently, he gave me the go-ahead to start increasing my training load with no restrictions, which was pretty exciting news after hearing doctors telling me to hold back and take it easy for nine months. There's no set time or date that I'll be training full-force. I'm just taking it day by day, but I'll be back at it very soon! I have a great physio(therapist) and orthopod (orthopedist) who are working with me with rehab."

In May, Rogers competed at the Canadian Championships in Charlottetown, Canada. She placed fourth in the all around final with a score of 53.000.

In November, Rogers competed at the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup in Osijek, Croatia. She placed second on vault scoring 13.863, fourth on uneven bars scoring 13.700, eighth on balance beam scoring 12.000, and fifth on floor scoring 13.150.

2012
In January, Rogers participated in the London Prepares series where Canada qualified a full team to the 2012 Summer Olympics. She competed on vault scoring 14.200 and uneven bars scoring 13.433.

In March, Rogers competed at the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup in Cottbus, Germany. She placed first of vault with a score of 13.962 and third on balance beam with a score of 13.525.

In April, Rogers participated in the 2nd Artistic Gymnastics Meeting in San Bernardo, Brazil with gymnasts from Brazil, Canada, and South Korea. She finished second in the all around competition with a score of 55.500. In event finals, she placed third on vault scoring 13.838 and first on uneven bars scoring 14.150.

In May, Rogers competed at the Canadian Championships in Regina, Canada. She placed sixth in the all around final with a score of 54.200. In event finals, she placed second on vault scoring 14.425, fifth on uneven bars scoring 13.200, and fifth on balance beam scoring 13.250.

At the end of June, Rogers was one of the twelve gymnasts chosen to compete at the Final Olympic Selection meet in Gatineau, Canada  On the first day of competition she placed third in the all around with a score of 54.300.  Based on her performances here and at the Canadian Championships she was selected to the five member Olympic team.  Rogers said, "I knew I had a solid performance this week but I didn't know how close I was and as soon as they announced my name I wanted to drop.  I've worked so hard for this and I'm really glad that all that hard work has paid off. It's a dream come true. It's incredible."

London Olympics
At the end of July, Rogers competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.  She helped the Canadian team qualify to the team final and individually she qualified to the vault final with a score of 14.483.  After qualifications, Rogers said, "We're just so, so excited. As soon as I saw we were sixth I knew we were in. I was sitting with my parents. Then I jumped out of my seat and ran over to hug my teammates. I mean, we're making history. That is so cool. There are twenty thousand people in here. That's a lot of people. That can be intimidating. I just looked around and took it all in. I had shivers. I think everyone handled it tremendously. It could've gone a lot worse. We all have strengths and weaknesses and I think we put those aside and did it for the team. We have nothing to lose now. The worst we can be is eighth and that's still an accomplishment in itself. I know we can only go up from here because we had our struggles on beam so now we know what we need to improve on. We're just going to come out and rock (on Tuesday). This is just so amazing. I really don't have words to describe the feeling."  In the team final, she contributed scores of 14.866 on vault and 14.466 on uneven bars toward the Canadian team's fifth-place finish.  In the vault final, Rogers placed seventh with a score of 14.483.  She said, "I didn't get a gold medal, but it was so much fun out there."

2015
In September 2015, Gymnastics Canada named Rogers to their World Championships Team. She represented Canada at the 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Glasgow as a part of the Canadian team that finished in 6th place. In the team final Rogers contributed on every event except floor scoring 15.000 on vault, 13.200 on uneven bars and 13.700 on the balance beam. As of 2015 Rogers trains at the Calgary Gymnastics Centre under David Kenwright and Janna Ball.

2016
In June, Rogers continued her stellar performances throughout the Canadian Olympics team selection process to cinch her spot on a second Olympic Team.

2016 Rio Olympics

On August 7, 2016, Canada began their competition at the Rio Olympics with qualifications.  Canada competed in the last (5th) subdivision starting on the balance beam.  Rogers competed on beam, vault and uneven bars.  Rogers hit both her beam routine and vaults.  Rogers was last up for Canada on uneven bars with a spot in team finals on the line.  Unfortunately she fell on her van leeuwen and Canada missed team finals by 0.168.  Rogers did not qualify to any event finals. Despite a tough Olympic experience, Rogers said that she will continue competing as long as her body will allow her, and will try to make the Canadian team for the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships, as Canada will host these Championships. She and Rio Olympic teammate Rose Woo ended up being named the alternates to these championships, with Olympians Ellie Black, Shallon Olsen and Isabela Onyshko along with first year senior Brooklyn Moors comprising the main team.

References

External links
Brittany Rogers at Gymnastics Canada
Brittany Rogers at Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique

1993 births
Canadian female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Living people
Olympic gymnasts of Canada
People from Coquitlam
Sportspeople from New Westminster
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada
Gymnasts at the 2007 Pan American Games
Universiade medalists in gymnastics
Universiade gold medalists for Canada
Universiade silver medalists for Canada
Medalists at the 2017 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
NCAA gymnasts who have scored a perfect 10
20th-century Canadian women
21st-century Canadian women
Georgia Gym Dogs gymnasts
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games


text:
Terrisa Bukovinac
Stop SB24!
Senate Bill 24 is Senator Leyva's latest attempt at getting publicly funded abortions onto all of the UC and California State University campuses. Her previous bill, SB320, was vetoed by Governor Jerry Brown back in September. Below the videos, you'll find a link to the text of the new bill along with a formatted version that's easier on the eyes. The first committee hearings will probably be in early Spring, 2019. Update: The first hearing is scheduled for April 3rd!
State Senator Connie Leyva dismissing the idea of conscience protections for college health center employees who don't want to participate in an abortion.
Preventing student fees and tax dollars from going toward the campus abortion program sounds like a good idea. Why did the author avoid writing such a prohibition? It's clear: they don't intend to rely solely on private funding and billing.
What was she trying to say? That pregnant people need greater access to abortion so that they can roll over and comply with pregnancy discrimination? Students have Title IX rights & parenting students can succeed!
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB24
Find a printable version here.
SENATE BILL No. 24
Introduced by Senator Leyva
(Principal coauthor: Assembly Member Carrillo)
(Coauthors: Senators Atkins, Beall, Dodd, Hill, Jackson, Skinner, Stern, Umberg, and Wiener)
An act to add Chapter 5.5 (commencing with Section 99250) to Part 65 of Division 14 of Title 3 of the Education Code, relating to public health, and making an appropriation therefor.
SB 24, as introduced, Leyva. Public health: public university student health centers: abortion by medication techniques.
Existing law establishes the University of California, under the administration of the Regents of the University of California, and the California State University, under the administration of the Trustees of the California State University, as 2 of the segments of public postsecondary education in this state.
This bill would express findings and declarations of the Legislature relating to the availability of abortion by medication techniques at on-campus student health centers at public postsecondary educational institutions in the state.
The bill would require, on and after January 1, 2023, each student health care services clinic on a California State University or University of California campus to offer abortion by medication techniques, as specified. The bill would require the Commission on the Status of Women and Girls to administer the College Student Health Center Sexual and Reproductive Health Preparation Fund, which the bill would establish. The bill would continuously appropriate the moneys in that fund to the commission for grants to these student health care clinics for specified activities in preparation for providing abortion by medication techniques, thereby making an appropriation. The bill would provide that its requirements would be implemented only if, and to the extent that, a total of at least $10,290,000 in private moneys is made available to the fund in a timely manner on or after January 1, 2020.
The bill would require the commission to submit a report to the Legislature, on or before December 31, 2021, and on or before December 31 of every year thereafter, until December 31, 2026, that includes, but is not necessarily limited to, specified information relating to abortion by medication techniques at these student health clinics.
Vote: majority Appropriation: yes Fiscal Committee: yes Local Program: no
(a) Abortion care is a constitutional right and an integral part of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care.
(b) More than 400,000 students classified as female are educated at California's public university campuses, and it is central to the mission of California's public university student health centers to minimize the negative impact of health concerns on students' studies and to facilitate retention and graduation.
(c) The state has an interest in ensuring that every pregnant person in California who wants to have an abortion can obtain access to that care as easily and as early in pregnancy as possible. When pregnant young people decide that abortion is the best option for them, having early, accessible care can help them stay on track to achieve their educational and other aspirational life plans.
(d) All California public university campuses have on-campus student health centers, but none of these health centers currently provide abortion by medication techniques. Abortion by medication techniques is extremely safe, highly effective, and cost effective. Abortion by medication techniques is an essential part of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care, and should be accessible at on-campus student health centers.
(e) Staff at on-campus student health centers include health professionals who are licensed to provide abortion by medication techniques. Under current California law, all residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology include training in abortion. Physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and certified nurse-midwives are legally authorized to perform abortions by medication techniques. Any clinician legally authorized to provide abortion, but not currently trained to provide abortion by medication techniques, can be trained inexpensively to do so, and such training falls within the requirements of continuing education for medical providers.
(f) The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have found that prescribing abortion by medication techniques is no different from prescribing other medications, and have also found that the risks of providing abortion by medication techniques, including via telehealth, are low and similar to the risks of serious adverse effects of taking commonly used prescription and over-the-counter medications.
(g) Students seeking early pregnancy termination, especially those enrolled at institutions outside of major urban centers, face prohibitively expensive travel, often without reliable means of transportation, to a clinic that may require hours of travel from their campus, out of their city, county, or even geographic region. These financial and time burdens negatively impact academic performance and mental health.
(h) California law recognizes abortion as a basic health service that must be covered by Medi-Cal and by private, managed care insurance plans regulated by the state.
(i) It is the intent of the Legislature that public university student health centers make abortion by medication techniques as accessible and cost-effective for students as possible, and thus public university student health centers should treat abortion by medication techniques as a basic health service.
Chapter 5.5 (commencing with Section 99250) is added to Part 65 of Division 14 of Title 3 of the Education Code, to read:
CHAPTER 5.5. Student Health Care Services
For the purposes of this chapter, the following definitions apply:
(a) "Commission" means the Commission on the Status of Women and Girls established by Section 8241 of the Government Code.
(b) "Fund" means the College Student Health Center Sexual and Reproductive Health Preparation Fund established by Section 99251.
(c) "Grantee" means any qualifying student health center at a public college or university.
(d) "Medication abortion readiness" includes, but is not limited to, assessment of each individual clinic to determine facility and training needs before beginning to provide abortion by medication techniques, purchasing equipment, making facility improvements, establishing clinical protocols, creating patient educational materials, and training staff. "Medication abortion readiness" does not include the provision of abortion by medication techniques.
(e) "Public university student health center" means a clinic providing primary health care services to students that is located on the campus of a university within the University of California or California State University systems.
(a) On and after January 1, 2023, each public university student health center shall offer abortion by medication techniques onsite. This service may be performed by providers on staff at the student health center or by providers associated with a contracted external agency.
(b)	(1) The commission shall administer the College Student Health Center Sexual and Reproductive Health Preparation Fund, which is established by this chapter for the purposes of providing private moneys in the form of grants to public university student health centers for medication abortion readiness. Notwithstanding any other law, the commission is authorized to receive moneys from nonstate entities, including, but not necessarily limited to, private sector entities and local and federal government agencies, and deposit these moneys in the fund.
(2) Notwithstanding Section 13340 of the Government Code, the moneys in the fund are continuously appropriated to the commission for allocation for purposes of this subdivision.
(3) The commission shall utilize fund moneys to do all of the following:
(A) Provide a grant of two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000) to each public university student health center to pay for the cost, both direct and indirect, of medication abortion readiness. Allowable expenses under these grants include, but are not limited to, all of the following:
(i) Purchase of equipment used in the provision of abortion by medication techniques.
(ii) Facility and security upgrades.
(iii) Costs associated with enabling the campus health center to deliver telehealth services.
(iv) Costs associated with training staff in the provision of abortion by medication techniques.
(v) Staff cost reimbursement and clinical revenue offset while staff are in trainings.
(B) Provide a grant of two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000) to both the University of California and the California State University, to pay for the cost, both direct and indirect, of the following, for each university system:
(i) Providing 24-hour, backup medical support by telephone to patients who have obtained abortion by medication techniques at a public university student health center.
(ii) One-time fees associated with establishing a corporate account to provide telehealth services.
(iii) Billing specialist consultation.
(C) Paying itself for the costs, both direct and indirect, associated with administration of the fund, including the costs of hiring staff and the costs of reporting to the Legislature, not to exceed three million ninety thousand dollars ($3,090,000).
(D) Maintaining a system of financial reporting on all aspects of the fund.
(4) Each public university student health center grantee shall, as a condition of receiving a grant award from the fund, participate in an evaluation of its medication abortion readiness and its provision of abortion by medication techniques.
(5) The requirements of this chapter shall be implemented only if, and to the extent that, a total of at least ten million two hundred ninety thousand dollars ($10,290,000) in private funds is made available to the fund in a timely manner on or after January 1, 2020.
(6) Nothing in this chapter shall be interpreted as requiring a public university to utilize General Fund moneys or student fees for medication abortion readiness before January 1, 2023.
(c) The commission, working with the public university student health centers, shall assist and advise on potential pathways for their student health centers to access public and private payers to provide funding for ongoing costs of providing abortion by medication techniques.
(d)	(1) On or before December 31, 2021, and on or before December 31 of each year thereafter until December 31, 2026, the commission shall submit a report to the Legislature that includes, but is not necessarily limited to, all of the following information for each reporting period, separately for the University of California and the California State University:
(A) The number of student health centers that provide abortion by medication techniques.
(B) The number of abortions by medication techniques performed at student health centers, disaggregated, to the extent possible, by student health center.
(C) The total amount of funds granted by the commission to the university and the university's student health centers that is expended on medication abortion readiness, and, separately, the total amount of any other funds expended on medication abortion readiness and the source of those funds, disaggregated by function and, to the extent possible, disaggregated by student health center.
(D) The total amount of funds expended on the provision of abortion by medication techniques and the source of those funds, disaggregated by function and, to the extent possible, disaggregated by student health center.
(2) The report required in paragraph (1), and any associated data collection, shall be conducted in accordance with state and federal privacy law, including, but not necessarily limited to, the state Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 56) of Division 1 of the Civil Code), the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Sec. 1232g), and the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-191).
(3) The requirement for submitting reports under paragraph (1) shall become inoperative on January 1, 2027, pursuant to Section 10231.5 of the Government Code.
People from across the state banding together in 2018.
You can make a big impact from your home, in your districts, and in Sacramento next year. Join a group in the California coalition and have your voice heard.
Newer PostThe Medical Community Needs to Be Held to a Higher Standard


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Patriots Player Profiles
Patriots Roster Prediction #47: WR Brandon Tate
By Rich Hill@PP_Rich_Hill Updated Jul 14, 2010, 2:30pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: Patriots Roster Prediction #47: WR Brandon Tate
Player Name: WR Brandon Tate
Experience: 1 year in the NFL, with the Patriots
Past Role: Injured reserve. Tate was drafted in the 3rd round of the 2009 Draft with a known knee injury. He spent his whole off-season recovering, as well as the first half of the season. He returned for 3 weeks (aka: Two games and a bye) before injuring his knee (again) and being placed back on the IR for the rest of the season.
Tate showed promise as a kick returner, returning 4 kick offs for 106 total yards. In his game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, QB Tom Brady threw one pass in Tate's direction, but resulted in an interception. Despite putting up receiving numbers, the coaching staff believed that his play against the Bucs warranted a start after the bye- and Tate started against the Miami Dolphins. This throw was incomplete- and Tate was injured soon after, ending his season.
Predicted Role: Tom Brady has said that Tate is having a great off-season- but whether that's true or Brady is building up his teammate's confidence (or possibly both) will be seen once the team starts having contact in the practices. Tate should emerge as the team's leading kick returner- causing the release of Matthew Slater. Tate should also shine as part of the #3 WR rotation with Torry Holt and Taylor Price. All three receivers should be a big part of the offense, with Tate leading the way early in the season.
Predicted Season Numbers: 40 Receptions, 450 Yards, 5 TDs. 30 Kick Returns, 28.0 yards/return, 1 TD.
Predicted Depth Chart: #3 WR (at the beginning of the season), #4 WR (at the end of the season), #1 Kick Returner
Summary: Tate will prove why he was a 3rd round draft pick. He's had plenty of time to recover from his injury and should provide a spark for the offense and the return game. He'll allow the team to release Matthew Slater and, possibly, Terrence Wheatley. Look for Tate to be the new, albeit much larger, Deion Branch for the offense- nothing Earth shattering, but extremely productive.


text: Q: Меню через inline keyboard, telebot Всех приветствую, задался вопросом нужно создать меню через библиотеку pyTelegramBotApi, само меню уже есть и функционирует, вопрос в том как сделать чтобы сообщение которые выводилось видел только тот что вызвал это меню, бот добавлен в группу, через message.from_user.id не подходит, потому что пишется в самом боте, а надо в группе.


ISC announced its winners. Buddhuza's When I Open Up My Door fell short of about 1,200 votes to win in the People's Voice, but made it to the honorable mention.
Considering that ISC received almost 15,000 entries in 2009, it's not bad at all.
Thank you all for you voting and support and, next time you see this logo of the website, you know what to do!
eeeeeeeeeeeee… only 1204 votes more!


German automobile giant Volkswagen are officially going to be open an assembly plant in Ghana. On the face of it it looks a good deal after all jobs are going to be created due to this deal but there is a lot more to this.
Since President Nana Akufo-Addo came into office Ghana has had several high profile visitors with the latest being the German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The major talking point of her visit to Ghana though was the conclusion of the deal to bring Volkswagen to Ghana. VW coming to Ghana is an oxymoron.
The name VW doesn't carry as much weight as it used to following its emission scandal which officially came to light in 2015. Since then the company has been struggling with public opinion. So on the face coming to a developing country to help out with jobs is of course good press for them.
But what does it mean for Ghana? There is going to be an inflow of cash into the system as a result of this move. Thousands of jobs will be created but you can't help but feel that VW are going to greatly benefit off us due to the Euro's supremacy over the Cedi.
At least our people will have jobs but what does it mean for our local car industry? For years Ghanaians have had to deal with paying exorbitant fees for their cars with the duty being paid at the port almost always of a similar costing bracket to the actual amount paid for the car. So in came Kantanka Automobile.
Kantanka Automobile isn't completely mainstream yet due to their relative newness. Ghanaians don't completely trust them and thats understandable it'll take time to build trust but by introducing Volkswagen directly into the system the government is going to stunt Kantanka Automobile's growth and whiles many are saying competition brings out the best in people it probably won't in this situation.
Expecting Kantanka Automobile, a still-developing company, to combat a multinational company like Volkswagen is modern depiction of David versus Goliath, this time though things don't look so rosy for David. The government ought to bring out policies that are going to ensure that local businesses grow even if foreign competition enters that market otherwise we will never move forward as a country.
On Thursday, 30th August, 2018, the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, paid a day's working visit to Ghana. The purpose of the visit is to deepen further the already strong relations that exist between the two countries, as well as explore other areas of co-operation.
Interestingly BMW and Benz are all reside in Germany so why Volkswagen? The lawsuits and fines that have been slapped with means they need to cut down cost and what better way to do that then to move to a region where your currency is over five times as powerful. As a result cheaper labour whiles maintaining a good profit margin. In the end it is the same story we are giving way more than we'll take.


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Ready, Set, Write: A Guide to Creative Writing
Story Drills: Fiction Writing Exercises
What's the Story? Building Blocks for Fiction Writing
1200 Creative Writing Prompts
10 Core Practices for Better Writing
101 Creative Writing Exercises
Better Writing
News & Misc
Fiction Writing Exercises
Poetry Writing Exercises
Fiction Writing Prompts
Writing Tips for Creating a Complex Villain
by Melissa Donovan | Mar 15, 2022 | Story Writing | 37 comments
How to create a villain.
When it comes to writing fiction, we each have our own unique challenges. For some of us, it's a struggle to come up with names for characters. For others, it's hard to write realistic dialogue.
Maybe you're like me and find it difficult to write a really good villain — I mean — a really bad villain.
The funny thing about our writing weaknesses is that sometimes all we have to do is identify them and suddenly we start coming up with tons of solutions.
That's what happened to me a few years ago when I realized I was having trouble writing a nemesis for my main character. Time and time again, it was one of the key elements that was missing from the stories I wrote. I was struggling to create a villain that would give my story the conflict it needed.
Once I noticed this pattern, I started seeing villains all around me — as if merely noticing their absence from my writing made them suddenly appear everywhere in my everyday life.
Villains Are Everywhere
Customer service would forget to return my phone call, and I'd imagine a self-absorbed boss who overworked employees and neglected customers. I'd see a story on the news about road rage, and I'd imagine a crazed, angry egomaniac. Dirty politicians, people who committed heinous crimes, and generally creepy individuals all became infinitely more interesting once I stopped viewing them as a consumer of the news and started looking at them through the lens of story.
I would notice people's flaws, mistakes, and bad moods, and think about what people would be like if those flaws were embellished and magnified to outweigh the person's good qualities and positive traits. Suddenly, my villains were born, one after another, like a little herd of evil trolls.
Film, television, and books also became sources of villainous inspiration. Instead of cringing at them, I started examining them closer. I found some villains were bland and shallow. A villain driven to power for power's sake lacked depth. A villain driven to power out of revenge for something terrible that happened to his or her family was compelling. Villains whose motivations were understandable, even if they weren't acceptable, were the most interesting and the most believable.
Tips and Ideas for Creating Villains
I make up characters in my head all the time. Sometimes I write down my ideas, drafting character sketches. Most of them never make it to a story, but the really compelling ones do. Now that I've found a surefire way to harvest villains from the world around me, the character sketches have really started to pile up.
If you want to write good fiction, you need a character who creates tension and who is at odds with the forces of good. Here are some tips and ideas for creating complex villains for your stories:
Choose a model for your villain: an ordinary person, a celebrity, or a notorious criminal from the news; examine that person's flaws and weaknesses. How have they wronged others? Diminish their positive traits, magnify their negative traits, and write a brief character sketch. What's the character's name? What do they look like? What is going on in the character's head that allows them to treat others with disregard?
Give your villain a shady past: what terrible things has your villain done throughout their life? What terrible things were done to them? Some villains are just troublemakers; others are deranged psychopaths. Some are acting out the wrongdoings that were done to them in the past. How extreme is your villain?
Identify the source: what happened to your villain to turn them so evil? Was your villain born that way?
The most interesting villains are not completely evil. They have a soft spot for puppies or they write cheesy love poems. Contrary personality traits add depth and realism to all characters. Describe your villain's positive traits.
Put your villain in a scene: make sure you include dialogue so you can work out how the character speaks. Give your villain a distinct voice. Is your villain disguised as a benevolent character? Does the villain spend every waking minute committing evil deeds?
Most importantly, have fun! That's what fiction writing is all about. Villains are the characters we love to hate because they are the harbingers of obstacles and challenges through which the heroes of our stories prove themselves. Whether you write absolute villains like Lord Voldemort of Harry Potter fame or more subtle, complex nemeses like Catwoman from the Batman comics, give your villains plenty of color, character, and complexity.
Scott Marlowe on November 14, 2008 at 6:48 am
I like my villains a little more middle of the road–not pure evil, but working towards some goal which requires them to perform less than savory acts. To them, the ends justify the means, and those means casts them in a spotlight that others view as 'evil'. As far as they're concerned, they may not be the nicest person on the block, but they certainly don't think of themselves as evil. More like they view everyone else as weak and unwilling to do what it takes to accomplish or attain something.
Melissa Donovan on November 14, 2008 at 3:04 pm
@Scott, me too. Some of the best villains are the ones that you think might turn good at any minute. Characters who operate on the philosophy of "the ends justify the means" are excellent bad guys and gals. Doing evil for the greater good! It's a timeless tactic. I wonder if most of the pure evil types of characters come out of sci-fi and fantasy?
t.sterling on November 14, 2008 at 7:12 pm
First of all, and I have to ask… were you inspired at all by the past few episodes of "Heroes"?
Anyway, this is a great post. I could come up with characters all day, but there is nothing that fascinates me more than a really good villain. And I love reading the top 20 or 15 baddest villains of all time from Disney cartoons to Bond to anything really. To this day my favorite all-time villain is The Joker, and The Dark Knight only solidified it's #1 position (he's been my favorite for a few years now).
For some villains that I create or plan to create, I look at real life people. I recently watched the special about Jim Jones and wanted to make one of those unseen villains. And then I sometimes look at myself and consider the opposite of what I'd hate and how could I get under my own skin.
Lastly, I love that picture.
Matthew Dryden on November 15, 2008 at 10:36 am
I have so much to say about this subject – writing villains and just violence in general. For me, the greatest villians of all time are the ones who are evil just because they can be (The Joker from Frank Miller's run in the Batman comics is a perfect example).
Hannibal Lecter(?) is another example of a perfect, complex villain.
For me, writing violence is much like keeping a secret all along. I find it's much more of a shock if it's a surprise and completely unexpected. As long as you can get the reader to believe that the character has limits, you will always surprise them when you force your villain to break them.
People who have no limits are scary, but they are even more scary when you think they do have limits and they break them.
@t.sterling, I missed last week's episode of Heroes but luckily they have episodes online so I can get caught up later today. This is a post I've been thinking about on and off for some time, but maybe the latest developments on Heroes pushed it through. I saw the Jim Jones documentary too, and what a villain that guy was! Uh, wow. He had all the makings of a typical dictator. One of my all-time favorite villains is Alan Rickman as the Sheriff of Nottingham from Robin Hood Prince of Thieves. Nobody plays a villain like Rickman, who also plays Snape in the Harry Potter films.
@Matthew, oh yes, Hannibal Lecter, another one of my favorite villains. Super scary too. Interesting thoughts about limits. That's an angle I've never considered before. Kind of like when a good character does something bad or starts becoming bad? I'm trying to think of an example, but I'm coming up blank. Last night I realized that my NaNo novel might require a scene with violence, and that's an area that makes me uncomfortable because I find base violence to be less interesting than psychological or emotional evil. Going back to your example of Silence of the Lambs, there's really no violence in that movie, just the aftermath of violent acts. That makes it even scarier because then you end up playing out the violent stuff with your imagination, which can be far more terrifying.
Karen Swim on November 17, 2008 at 10:44 am
Melissa, great advice on villains. When I started NaNo the villain was one of the only characters I knew, the others just showed up. NaNo has revealed interesting things about my writing and weaknesses. My favorite villains are either the purest evil imaginable or complex where you can see the humanity and how it has gone wrong, but all villains are great fun and give you room to explore and play.
@Karen, it's true, villains are a lot of fun to write. Who knew? (not me). NaNo is proving to be an amazing learning experience, like nothing I've ever done before. My NaNo villains are going to be the complex kind, messed up individuals with some humanity. Maybe if I can pull that off, I'll try for a pure villain next time around.
Marelisa on November 17, 2008 at 8:57 pm
I think it's also important to find the villain's motivation. There are few people who are mean because they enjoy making others suffer; nasty behavior is usually rooted in some fear or insecurity, some lack (growing up in an unkempt home), or some twisted logic (like the doctor who kills his patients by using them to test out a vaccine he's creating because he believes the vaccine will be able to save thousands).
@Marelisa, oh yes, motivation is essential for a really complex villain. Why did the character become evil? That is actually something I'm exploring right now in my NaNo novel. I think it creates a certain sympathy for the bad guy, which can make the reading experience more interesting.
Evelyn on November 18, 2008 at 4:43 pm
"But don't let them get too deep inside your head." Too late! This is a NaNoWriMo thing. I created her, she's not all bad, she has issues like we all do, she is getting worse as am I. I hate her. She's going to die and I can't wait to kill her!
For the record, I asked in the NaNo chat room if I was losing my mind and they said, "No, not at all!" In fact, one person enjoys killing his characters very much! LOL! My characters are deep in side my head but this evil b*tch has hit my heart so she's dead meat. It can happen and it does.
Now I know why someone wrote, "NaNoWriMo ate my soul." I'm not that bad but I understand the emotion. You've got to wonder about the mental stability of people like Stephen King and Dean Koontz. OMG!
Love your blog and love to get your tips and things!
@Evelyn, wow, that's brutal (and awesome!). It's also an excellent way to approach a villain — make sure you hate the villain so much that you're eager to kill her off. Very clever!
I love hearing stories about how writers react to characters and plots as they develop in unexpected ways. Recently I was listening to an interview with a murder mystery writer who said that she was almost finished with her novel when she suddenly realized the killer wasn't who she had thought it was all along. I guess she freaked out, started calling her writing mentors, and learned that it happens all the time, which only makes the writing process and the novel itself all the more thrilling.
Karen Swim on November 19, 2008 at 8:36 pm
OMG!!!! I was scrolling through email for one last time tonight and read the latest comment from this post and my eyes nearly popped out as i read: "when she suddenly realized the killer wasn't who she had thought it was all along." Brilliant! And now 33,111 words into my first NaNo novel, it doesn't end the way I thought! Thank you, thank you, thank you! Ha! I'm so excited to write tomorrow now that my killer is not the killer!
I haven't written anything villainous lately, but I'm feeling it growing even more just reading these comments alone. And I've come up with a few villains that hate due to misunderstandings, or just evil for the sake of being evil. I'm also noticing it a lot more in TV shows and movies I'm watching and I love it. So now I have a few nasty bad guys but I don't have anywhere or anyone to unleash them yet.
I'm also enjoying reading about the progress and process a lot of you NaNo writers are experiencing.
Kate on November 20, 2008 at 8:39 am
I love villains. The more twisted, the more demented, the better. I especially love the sick manipulative ones. Heroes are boring. Villains always spice them up.
Ones you don't see these days too often are the protagonist-antagonist. I love not deciding whether I hate the character or not. He's the hero. No wait, he's the villain! He always think what he's doing is right. Perfect examples are Artemis Fowl (in the first book) and Light from the Japanese manga/comic series, Death Note.
@Karen, you're excited, and I'm excited for you! I'm starting to realize that's why we write — because how else are we going to know who did it? Heheh! Sounds like you're about to write in an awesome twist!
@t.sterling, one of my favorite villains ever is Sylar. You know who I'm talking about, right? In that episode where he was in the kitchen, cooking, with the dog on the stool next to him. I almost died laughing. How can he be so evil yet so funny and likable? That's some serious writing talent right there!
@Kate, Yes, that's exactly what I'm talking about in my comment above to t.sterling. Hate them? Love them? The best villains are the ones who always leave you wondering. People keep recommending Artemis Fowl to me, so I better get on that!
Bobby Revell on December 11, 2008 at 9:00 pm
I read an interesting idea about character development from author Bret Easton Ellis took a character in his novels and created verisimilitude for her. It's a new word for me, but good to know. He created a website for one female character to make her real. He never tried to actually deceive people and they all knew she wasn't real, but it served to create buzz and make her come alive.
Since I have characters that appear in more than one story, and once I have a great character, they can appear in any story. It seems like a great exercise. Create some free wordpress.com blogs for different characters and write some posts from their perspective and personal lives. This idea and similar techniques seem like a potent concept. What do you think?
Yeah, if a character is 200% evil or perpetually psychotic and so forth, allows them no realism or humanism. I always like to see a character change into a villain. A writers control of chaos/order can make a real difference and seem more wicked.
You misspelled villain…lol. On my blog, I rarely ever see the most obvious mistakes so please point any out. Or maybe you're using the ancient Anglo Saxon spelling 😉
I actually wrote the real Julia Roberts into a tale…lol.
Evelyn on December 12, 2008 at 9:04 am
What a clever idea! A fictitious blogger! You would even get comments from blog readers and see your "blogger" as they see him/her. I like this idea!
Melissa Donovan on December 12, 2008 at 1:53 pm
Hi Evelyn! Yeah, it is a cool idea. Actually, I've seen it done on the web and on social media networks. If you start thinking about the possibilities, it can get pretty wild!
What do you mean I misspelled villain? Hehehee. Just kidding. I fixed it. Ack! I can't stand when I do that.
Yes, I do think the character website idea is a great one. Last year I tried something like that with a character I was working on. I made her a MySpace page. Silly, perhaps, but it did help me get into her head a little better. When you do that, you really have to become the character; it's a pretty interesting exercise.
Evelyn on December 12, 2008 at 1:58 pm
I remember you saying that, Melissa. I was thinking of giving my "b*tch" a journal so I could publish her thoughts rather than tell people her thoughts. It sort of really makes them hers — that witch! I wonder if I will recover from the hateful relationship. Maybe I'll need a therapy! 🙂 I still think you're awesome!
Melissa Donovan on December 13, 2008 at 12:24 pm
Evelyn, I think that's a great idea. You probably won't need therapy, but you'll sure know the inner workings of her mind!
Aedyn on October 3, 2009 at 1:47 pm
In my book that I am writing, I have made my villan purely evil, at first I thought it was unrealistic, but she is pulling it off pretty good… er… bad
Melissa Donovan on October 4, 2009 at 1:38 pm
Sometimes a purely evil villain does work. I'm thinking of He-Who-Shall-Not-Be-Named from Harry Potter. Not a good bone in his body!
Morgan Wiggins on February 26, 2012 at 5:43 pm
Ms. Donovan, I have to say that I am very compelled by this website you have here. It has done me many a good thing in my writing. But I was going to ask…. do you use the same concept when making a hero? I find it very easy to make a horrible villain, but sometimes I find it more difficult to make a hero. Should I just reverse the process?
Melissa Donovan on March 1, 2012 at 12:33 pm
Hi Morgan. I think reversing this process would work to create a hero (to some extent). The hero or protagonist is not necessarily the opposite of the villain, but you can certainly adapt these techniques for a hero.
Rebecca Vance on October 8, 2013 at 11:17 am
Great post! Very timely for me. I am working on the plot for my debut novel, and it is a dual mystery from two different timelines, so I have to come up with two separate murderers and motives. This helps. I shared it on Facebook for others that may be struggling with this as well. Thank you!
Melissa Donovan on October 10, 2013 at 12:46 pm
Your dual mystery sounds interesting! Thanks for sharing this article, Rebecca.
Robyn LaRue on October 8, 2013 at 8:15 pm
I work on #4 a lot. I think it keeps the reader off center a bit also, and makes the story more interesting to write. 🙂 Also, that's a fantastic photo at the top. 🙂
Thanks, Robyn. I'm more interested in complicated villains too. Someone once said, "Good people do bad things." I think the reverse is true too ("Bad people do good things"). Either of those statements works as a good starting point for creating a villain.
Sarah M Blood on October 11, 2013 at 4:38 pm
I enjoyed this post.
I was well into my novel before I realized that my antagonist was purely mean. She did the meanest possible thing in any situation, which made her flat and uninteresting.
I spend weeks walking around town with this character in my head, trying different ways to make her interesting.
I knew that I had fixed her when I could ask what she would do in specific situations, and the answer was clear to me. It was no longer just the meanest thing.
Sarah M Blood
I too find that simply thinking about a character helps us find greater depth in their personality so we can make them more complex and therefore more believable. It's funny how I'll be doing the dishes and some new insight about my character will pop into my head. I think complexity is the key to creating believable characters.
Grace Rankin on March 1, 2016 at 3:22 pm
This was an interesting read. I can relate to finding villains in the people around me (although it's better they don't know that…). I'm glad there are others who do the same thing!
Learning how to create character sketches was one of the biggest things that helped me in my character development. It completely changed the way I approach characters and their portrayal in my work.
Melissa Donovan on March 11, 2016 at 10:07 am
Hi Grace! I agree that character sketches are extremely helpful, although I encounter a lot of writers who like to let characters unfold as they write the story.
Daniel on January 3, 2020 at 8:48 am
Hello! I really love this website! Thanks for creating it, it has been extremely helpful for me!
I was wondering, would a villain who's planet was blown up and made the last of his kind be realistic if he went around conquering other people's planets so that he could protect those planets from similar incidents that happened to him?
Melissa Donovan on January 10, 2020 at 1:34 pm
Wow, thanks so much, Daniel. I'm glad you like it here. In terms of motivation, yes, that is definitely a believable motivation for a villain, and an interesting one. We've seen characters (and real people) turn to the dark side for much less. It also has potential to explore an abusive nature, which is the idea that "to protect you, I must conquer and control you." That type of thinking often comes from abusive people (and leaders) and it robs others of their rights and autonomy. So you've got some ideas that are ripe for exploration. Good luck with it!
BlastEffect4 on November 4, 2022 at 7:02 pm
I'm making a star wars story and I'm finding it difficult for me to be fully immersed into the story/characters, and I also find it difficult to make each character speak in a different way, naturally. I'm just kind of creating elements for the story, piece by piece, until I'm ready to try the whole thing.
Any tips on getting immersed into each character's mind or the story itself?
Melissa Donovan on November 11, 2022 at 10:34 pm
You'll find immersion in the details. If I tell you that a story takes place in a small midwestern town surrounded by farmland, you're not going to feel very immersed.
But if I show you a town that sits on a river, with an old mill that's been converted into shops, people living in Craftsman homes built in the early 1900s, and a huge town square where they host an annual harvest festival, the town starts to come alive in your mind. Keep adding details, paint a picture in your mind and with your words. None of this has to go in the story's narrative, by the way.
You can do this with characters too. Write a Wikipedia style bio about the character's backstory up to when the story starts. Visualize the character in a scene as if you're watching on film. Write a scene from the character's first-person perspective or write a diary entry in the character's voice. Find images online of someone who provides a photographic representation of the character.
I think you've got the right idea with creating the different elements before putting them together (that's what I do, too). But those elements tend to remain flat until you fill them with details that give them distinct personality. Good luck!
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Home » All Posts » Trailers From The Dark Side: 'Demigod' Horror Trailer Is Mysterious, Cool & Creepy
October 13, 2021 October 23, 2021 Carter Lee
While diehard genre fans appreciate scary flicks all year round, there is just something extra special about horror movies during the Halloween season. Outside of a few titles, such as Halloween Kills and Lamb, there are not a lot of new blockbuster or mainstream horror movies to consume this Halloween season, but there are plenty of solid indie films to choose from, including Demigod. Arriving to On Demand and select theaters on October 15, 2021, Demigod looks to be mysterious, frightening, and perfect for the Halloween season.
Upon the death of her grandfather, a woman and her husband return to her birthplace in Germany's Black Forest, only to find a terrifying secret awaits them.
Distributed by Gravitas Ventures, Demigod is directed and co-written (alongside Michael Donovan Horn) by the talented Miles Doleac, director-writer of The Dinner Party and The Hallow, and the director also co-stars in the feature.
Joining Doleac in the horror film are stars Rachel Nichols (2009's Star Trek, 2005's The Amityville Horror), Yohance Myles (Ambitions, Containment), Lindsay Anne Williams (The Hallow, Two Birds), Elena Sanchez (The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, The Walking Dead series), Tatiana Piper (Keys to the City), and Christian Stokes (Escape Plan, Monster).
The trailer provides lots of creepy imagery for horror fans, as well as the gem of the line, "The prey never believes until your skin hangs on his wall…," giving us even more reason to add this title to our Halloween Movies watchlist.
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Carter Lee 14 Posts
Carter Lee is a former professional wrestler turned author, speaker, producer, film critic, Horror Movies Hub Editor in Chief & Founder, and Final Girl Productions CEO. Carter is a proud horror nerd, husband, and animal lover.
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