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How can I show a week over week overlay of incidents?
My goal is to show the ticket volumen week to week. I want it to be flexible in terms of the dates to show but my main goal now is to show, this week, last week, and the week before, all in one chart. Each a spearate line in different colors. the idea is to compare ticket volume each week. I tried to use the "difference" function but couldn't get it to work as expected. Here's the spreadsheet. Very straight forward, created and ticket ID.
1. Re: How can I show a week over week overlay of incidents?
Chart Number of records by Weekday and then place the WeekNumber on the color shelf.
I filtered out Sundays and Saturdays to make the comparison easier.
2. Re: How can I show a week over week overlay of incidents?
I couldn't download your workbook so I made my own.
You can do this in Tableau with calculated fields too using I think Lookup(ATTR([column]),-1) for one column and "-2" for the second and place the measures the same way above.
3. Re: How can I show a week over week overlay of incidents?
I would like to add a note that the simple lookup solution would not work if the data is organized by days and you want it by week. Lookup -1 grabs the previous value in the table, I am not quite sure how to modify the table calc to do it by week.
4. Re: How can I show a week over week overlay of incidents?
5. Re: Re: How can I show a week over week overlay of incidents?


text:
Q: How to make a variable that stores a previous turn's value I'm doing an assignment on a dice roll game. Currently, I'm trying to create a variable that returns the previous score value so that it can be used to compare with the number of dice is rolled. However, i'm having trouble having the previous score update to the current score through every turn.
I currently have a placeholder variable to store a value with previous_score = 0. Is there a way to have my variable previous_score update to the current_score's value through each iteration in the while loop? Currently in PyCharm it says that the local variable 'previous_score' value is not used in previous_score = current_score. Also, is there a better place to put the previous_score so that it will have the previous turn's value?
Also, if this helps, we're not supposed to use a solution that is complicated as the class assumes we don't know a lot about Python.
Here is my code to give more context - I have previous_score = 0 and previous_score = current_score:
def play(strategy0, strategy1, score0=0, score1=0, dice=six_sided,
         goal=GOAL_SCORE, say=silence, feral_hogs=True):
  who = 0
     while score0 < goal and score1 < goal:
        if who == 0:
            num_dice = strategy0(score0, score1)
            current_turn = take_turn(num_dice, score1, dice)
            previous_score = 0
            if abs(num_dice - previous_score) == 2 and feral_hogs:
                previous_score = current_turn
                current_turn += 3
                score0 += current_turn
            else:
                return False
            if is_swap(score0, score1):
                score0, score1 = score1, score0
            else:
                score0, score1 = score0, score1
            who = other(who)
        else:
            num_dice = strategy1(score1, score0)
            current_turn = take_turn(num_dice, score0, dice)
            previous_score = 0
            if abs(num_dice - previous_score) == 2 and feral_hogs:
                previous_score = current_turn
                current_turn += 3
                score1 += current_turn
            else:
                return False
            if is_swap(score1, score0):
                score1, score0 = score0, score1
            else:
                score1, score0 = score1, score0
            who = other(who)
    return score0, score1

A: In general, you want to pick a good starting value for previous_score that you can use without too much fuss.
For example, if you start with previous_score = None then you may find yourself writing code like this a lot:
if previous_score is not None:
    do_something()

On the other hand, None might work for you if all you ever do is check for true/false, since None is false-y by default.
if previous_score:
    do_something()

If you are doing math, though, it's probably best if you start with 0:
previous_score = current_score = 0

Once you get things set up, the general rule is to write your loop, and set the previous_score only at the end of the loop:
previous_score = current_score = 0

while keep_going:
    current_score = compute_current_score()

    blah_blah(current_score)

    if current_score > previous_score:
        do_something()
    else:
        do_something_else()

    previous_score = current_score
    # This is the end of the loop

This means that the first time through the loop, previous_score will be set to 0 (where it was set outside the loop). But each time after that, it will take on the previous value.
In this particular instance, you can get away with merging the two assignments at the top of the loop:
current_score = 0  # No assignment to previous_score here, it moves down
while keep_going:
    previous_score = current_score

    ... rest as before

    # no assignment to previous_score here, it's at the top

This works because the assignment is simple and easy. You will eventually find an assignment that is complex or hard, and have to move things down.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region is defined by a collage of historic neighborhoods, a diversified economy, a unique topography, and a reinvigorated entrepreneurial culture. By leveraging these and other assets, we can strengthen our authentic sense of place, thereby enhancing our prospects for competing in the global economy.
Foundation investments will continue to focus on both creative placemaking in urban neighborhoods and talent attraction and retention. We will have a special emphasis on initiatives that advance exponential growth in the local entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Here is a list of grants made in the current year.


text:
Home Rights Watch
Rights Watch | September 2nd 2020
Judge's DNA not a match in a rape case
DNA sample submitted by a former Sehwan civil judge and judicial magistrate implicated in a rape case did not match samples received from the victim.
The judge was accused of raping a woman who had arrived to record her statement on contracting the marriage of her free will within his court chambers on January 13. According to reports, the woman was accompanied by two female constables in court, however, the judge had ordered police and court staff to leave and proceeded to keep the woman within the courtroom for around 45 minutes. The woman then emerged crying, claiming the judge had raped her.
The Sindh High Court had dismissed the judge on grounds of "misconduct" following the incident. A case was registered against him on the state's behalf under sections 376 (punishment for rape) and 506 (punishment for criminal intention) of the Pakistan Penal Code, however, the woman had later retracted her statement.
The victim later rescinded her allegations, however the Sindh High Court issued orders for a DNA test. The judge had initially opposed to submitting a sample but later complied. Although reports confirmed that his sample did not match the DNA received from the victim, a match was confirmed with a sample submitted by the woman's husband.
100 clerics arrested for hate speech
Punjab police and other law enforcement agencies have apprehended over a hundred clerics belonging to different sects for alleged hate speech and derogatory remarks against the family and companions of the Prophet (PBUH) in religious congregations as well as on social media. Over 200 individuals were detained for violations of the Maintenance of Public Order Act, while nearly 900 clerics of different sects including Shia Zakireen were barred from conducting speeches and congregations for 2 months prior to Muharram.
A warrant for blasphemy accused's murder
An anti-terrorism court (ATC) issued an arrest warrant for a suspect believed to be involved in the murder of under-trial blasphemy-accused Tahir Ahmad Naseem, a US national formerly belonging to the Ahmadi sect in a Peshawar courtroom on July 29. Tahir was gunned down by a teenager who had accused the deceased of committing blasphemy – the assailant had been promptly arrested on the site, however, investigations are underway for others believed to have had a hand orchestrating the murder. Recently, the teen's counsel was detained for allegedly supplying the murder weapon to his client.
The ATC issued the warrant on request of an investigative team for the arrest of one Wasiullah, who is avoiding arrest, under the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrCP) section 204 – further proceedings under section 87 of the CrCP may be conducted if the suspect cannot be arrested.
Previous articleMinor boy shot for resisting gang rape attempt
Next articleCOVID Watch | September 2nd 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Ottawa National Forest provides a variety of camping opportunities, including campground camping, wilderness camping, and dispersed camping.
A "dispersed" camping area is outside of a designated campground and has no water or restroom facilities. Dispersed camping is allowed at dispersed sites for no longer than 16-days in any one location. After that period of time, if you wish to continue camping in a dispersed area of the Ottawa National Forest, you must relocate to another site at least five miles away. Remember to pack out what you pack in.


It enhanced with secure mechanism, Smart Wifi, Optimizedbattery management, professional disturb free option.
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GPS, BEIDOU, GLONASS make positioning more accurate and fast.
It supports 4G, dual sim card dual standby, voice and data atthe same time,5-mode dual-band WIFI with unique signal amplificationtechnique, high performance on anti-interference and seamless roaming.
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13 megapixels rear camera, phase detection auto focustechnology, pictures meets the requirement of OCR applications.
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It can work for 12 hours after 3 hours fast charging, with theusage of 4500mAh battery.
0 to 6cm (ISO15693), 0 to 4cm (ISO14443A), 0 to 1cm (ISO14443B) The reading distance varies by the tag type within the range.


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text:
\section*{I. INTRODUCTION}
In the past few years, plasmonics has emerged as a way to control light at the subwavelength scale \cite{Barnes03,Maier,Bozhevolnyi}. Its potentiality is based on the properties of surface plasmons (SPs), which are surface electromagnetic (EM) waves coupled to charge carriers. These surface waves propagate along a metal-dielectric interface and are characterized by their subwavelength light confinement and long propagation lengths. Recently, it has been shown that graphene \cite{CastroNeto}, which has remarkable optical  \cite{Bonaccorso} and opto-electronic \cite{Liu} properties, also supports the propagation of SPs. These EM modes bounded to a graphene sheet have been studied theoretically \cite{Kenneth,Campagnoli,Vafek,Hanson,Jablan,Dubinov} and very recently observed in experiments \cite{Ju,Fei}.

The properties of SPs in graphene have attracted great attention as they appear as an alternative for many of the functionalities provided by noble-metal SPs with the advantage of being tunable by means of a gate potential. For instance, by designing spatially inhomogeneous conductivity patters in a graphene sheet one can have a platform for transformation optics and THz metamaterials \cite{Vakil}. Additionally, strong light-matter interaction between SPs  and quantum emitters in graphene has been proposed based on the high decay rates of emitters close to graphene sheets \cite{Koppens11}. The field patterns excited by a nanoemitter in graphene were analyzed in Ref. \citenum{Nikitin11a}, demonstrating high field enhancements and long propagation lengths for the SPs. Furthermore, fluorescence quenching in graphene has been proposed as a probe of the evidence of plasmons \cite{Velizhanin,GomezSantos}.

The paper is organized as follows: in Sec. II we introduce the theoretical formalism and characterize the coupling between an emitter and the GSPs supported by a 2D graphene sheet. In Sec. III we study the interaction between two emitters mediated by the 2D GSPs. The presence of GSPs leads to interesting phenomena such as the super- and subradiant regimes, where the radiation properties of several emitters are enhanced or suppressed. We introduce the total normalized decay factor, $\gamma$, which characterizes the superradiant regime, and discuss its tunability. We analyze the evolution of $\gamma$ with the vertical distance between the emitters and the sheet in the transmission configuration, and with the in-plane distance between the emitters in the reflection configuration. In Sec. IV we consider the coupling of two emitters by GSP in one-dimensional (1D) graphene ribbons \cite{Nikitin11b}. We show that confining in 1D leads to longer interaction ranges between the emitters. Moreover, we study how the coupling between the emitters is affected by the presence of the ribbon's edges. Finally, our main results are summarized in Sec. V.

\section*{ II. COUPLING BETWEEN AN EMITTER AND GRAPHENE SURFACE PLASMONS}

First, let us characterize the coupling to GSPs for an emitter at frequency $\omega$ decaying in the vicinity of a free-standing 2D graphene sheet. A sketch of the system under study can be seen in Fig. \ref{fig1} (a). The graphene sheet is placed in the $x-y$ plane and has a conductivity $\sigma(\omega)$, obtained in the random-phase approximation \cite{Wunsch,Hwang}. This quantity depends on the chemical potential of the graphene sheet, $\mu$, the temperature, which we consider to be $T=300$ K, and the carriers' scattering time $\tau$, for which we use a value taken from the theoretical predictions \cite{Hwang07b} such that $E_{\tau}=h/\tau=0.1$ meV. The emitter, modeled in the point dipole approximation, is placed at a distance $z$ from the sheet and has a dipole moment $\vec{p}$.

When the emitter is close to the graphene sheet, it can decay through three different mechanisms: radiation to free-space, excitation of GSPs or coupling to absorption losses in the graphene sheet. The emitter's total decay rate is proportional to the imaginary part of the Green's tensor of the system, $\hat{G}(\vec{r},\vec{r},\omega)$, the dipole moment $\vec{p}$ and the free-space momentum $k_0=\omega/c$:
\begin{equation}
	\Gamma=\frac{2 k_0^2 |\vec{p}|^2}{\hbar \epsilon_0}\left\{ \vec{u}_{p}\mbox{Im}\left[\hat{G}(\vec{r},\vec{r},\omega)\right]\vec{u}_{p}\right\}
	\label{eqGamma}
\end{equation}
where $\vec{u}_{p}$ is the unitary vector in the direction of the dipole moment, For the sake of simplicity, we take a dipole moment perpendicular to the graphene sheet ($\vec{p}=p\vec{u}_z$), and then the relevant component of the tensor is $G^{zz}$ \cite{Nikitin11a}. This leads to the following expression for the Purcell factor, which is the total decay rate normalized to the free-space decay rate ($\Gamma_0=k_0^3 |\vec{p}|^2/(3\pi\hbar \epsilon_0)$):
\begin{equation}
	\frac{\Gamma}{\Gamma_0}=\frac{3}{2}\mbox{Re}\left[\int_0^{\infty}dq \frac{q^3}{q_z}\left(1-r_p(q) e^{2 i k_0 q_z z} \right)\right]
	\label{eqGamma11}
\end{equation}
where we integrate over the normalized parallel wave vector $q=k_{\|}/k_0$, $q_z=\sqrt{1-q^2}$ is the momentum in the direction perpendicular to the sheet, with $\mbox{Im}(q_z)\geq 0$, and $r_p(q)=-\alpha q_z/(\alpha q_z+1)$ is the reflection coefficient of the graphene layer for p-polarization, with $\alpha=2\pi \sigma/c$ being the normalized conductivity. The pole of $r_p(q)$ gives the dispersion relation of the GSPs propagating in the graphene sheet, which appear when $\mbox{Im}(\sigma)>0$, i.e., below a critical frequency $\hbar\omega_0\approx 2\mu$. The contribution of GSPs to the total decay rate can be calculated from the pole in $r_p(q)$:
\begin{equation}
	\frac{\Gamma^{GSP}}{\Gamma_0}=\frac{3\pi}{2}\mbox{Re}\left[i \frac{q_p^2}{\alpha} e^{2 i k_0 q_z^p z}\right]
\end{equation}
where $q_p=\sqrt{1-\alpha^{-2}}$ and $q_z^p=-\alpha^{-1}$ are the normalized momentum components of the GSP.

The inset panel in Fig. \ref{fig1} (a) shows the Purcell factor (solid red line) at $2.4$ THz and for $\mu=0.2$ eV as a function of the emitter-graphene distance $z$ normalized to the free-space wavelength, $\lambda_0=124\mu$m. The physical parameters $\mu$ and $\lambda_0$ were chosen, as shown in Ref. \citenum{Nikitin11a}, to provide a good compromise in the trade-off between confinement and propagation length for the GSPs. Three different regions can be identified in the inset panel in Fig. \ref{fig1} (a) according to the decay mechanisms: (i) a radiative region at large distances ($z \geq\lambda_0/10$ for the chosen parameters), where the emitter is far enough from the graphene sheet and the total decay rate follows $\Gamma^{rad}/\Gamma_0$ (dotted blue line), which corresponds to the integration of the radiative modes in Eq. \ref{eqGamma11} ($0<q<1$); (ii) a region ($\lambda_0/10\geq z\geq\lambda_0/100$) where the dominant decay channel is the coupling to GSPs and the total decay equals $\Gamma^{GSP}/\Gamma_0$ (green dashed line); and (iii) a lossy region when the emitter is very close to the sheet ($z\leq\lambda_0/100$). Importantly, and as the figure shows, the decay rate of the emitter can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Here we are interested in the plasmonic region, where the GSP-contribution to the Purcell factor reaches values larger than $100$ for the parameters we have chosen. It is interesting to note that similar values of the Purcell factor can be obtained for very thin metal films \cite{Marocico} when the thickness is much smaller than the skin depth, which is challenging from the fabrication point of view, as opposed to graphene. For higher frequencies or smaller $\mu$, larger Purcell factors in the plasmonic region can be obtained in graphene: for instance, $\Gamma/\Gamma_0\approx 10^3$ at $\lambda_0=64\mu$m for the same chemical potential.

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{fig1.pdf}
  \caption{(a) $\beta$ factor for an emitter at 2.4THz as a function of the distance to the graphene sheet, $z$, normalized to the free-space wavelength, $\lambda_0$, for different values of the chemical potential ($\mu=0.2$, $0.1$ and $0.05$ eV). Inset panel: total decay rate ($\Gamma/\Gamma_0$) and decay rates through the plasmonic ($\Gamma^{GSP}/\Gamma_0$) and radiative($\Gamma^{rad}/\Gamma_0$) channels. (b) Super/subradiance between two emitters mediated by a graphene sheet when the two dipoles interact in transmission through it. $\gamma$ is plotted as a function of the vertical distance of the dipoles to the graphene sheet for the three values of the chemical potential $\mu$. The red line shows the vacuum interaction $\gamma_{vac}$. }
  \label{fig1}
\end{figure}

The parameter that accounts for the efficiency of the coupling to GSP, the $\beta$ factor, is defined as the ratio of the emitter's decay rate through GSP to its total decay rate, $\beta=\Gamma^{GSP}/\Gamma$. Fig. \ref{fig1} (a) studies the possibility of tuning $\beta$ with the chemical potential. Three values of $\mu$ are considered: $\mu=0.2$, $0.1$ and $0.05$ eV. For each value of $\mu$ there is a range of z's where $\beta$ is close to $1$, which corresponds to the region where the decay rate is dominated by the plasmonic channel (see inset panel). The region of high $\beta$ can be dynamically tuned with the chemical potential, which is in turn controlled by means of an electrostatic gating or a chemical doping. In particular, when the chemical potential is decreased to $0.1$ eV (green line) and $0.05$ eV (blue line), the GSP appears at larger q-vectors, the GSP is more confined to the graphene sheet, and the range of distances where $\beta$ is high is narrower. The capability of tuning plasmonic properties by means of a gate potential is the most important advantage of graphene compared to thin metal layers.

\section*{III. SUPERRADIANCE IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHENE SHEETS}
The efficient and tunable coupling of an emitter to the SP modes propagating in a graphene sheet can be used to modify the interaction between two emitters placed in the vicinity of the 2D sheet, similarly to SPs in metal surfaces \cite{MartinCano}. In order to study the GSP-mediated coupling between the two emitters, we introduce the normalized decay factor, $\gamma$, defined as the ratio of the total decay rate of a system where the two emitters interact through graphene to the decay rate of two uncoupled emitters in the presence of the graphene sheet. Thus, it accounts for the modification of the collective decay rate due to the presence of the second emitter and reads:
\begin{equation}
	\gamma=\frac{\Gamma_{11}+\Gamma_{12}+\Gamma_{21}+\Gamma_{22}}{\Gamma_{11}+\Gamma_{22}}
\end{equation}
The decay rate $\Gamma_{ij}$ is the contribution to the decay rate of a dipole $\vec{p}_i$ placed at $\vec{r}_i$ due to the presence of a dipole $\vec{p}_j$ placed at $\vec{r}_j$ and can be written in terms of the Green's function that connects $\vec{r}_i$ to $\vec{r}_j$: $\Gamma_{ij}=2 k_0^2 |\vec{p}|^2/(\hbar \epsilon_0) \left\{ \vec{p}_{i}\mbox{Im}\left[\hat{G}(\vec{r}_i,\vec{r}_j,\omega)\right]\vec{p}_{j}\right\}$. Note that for $i=j$ we obtain the decay rate in Eq. \ref{eqGamma}, i.e., $\Gamma=\Gamma_{ii}$. The value of $\gamma$ characterizes two regimes: when $\gamma>1$ the interaction is enhanced due to the presence of graphene and the system is superradiant. Correspondingly, when $\gamma < 1$, there is an inhibition of the dipole-dipole interaction and the system is subradiant. Interestingly, a graphene sheet allows for two different configurations of the emitters: interaction in reflection (both emitters at the same side of the sheet) or in transmission (emitters placed at opposite sides).

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{fig2.pdf}
  \caption{Tuning super- and subradiance: $\gamma$ factor as a function of the in-plane distance $r$ between two dipoles in the reflection configuration for two different frequencies. (a) At $\nu=2.4$ THz, when the dipoles are placed at $z_1=2\mu m$ ($ \beta=0.98$, $ \Gamma/\Gamma_0=105$), $z_2=15\mu m$ ($ \beta=0.55$, $ \Gamma/\Gamma_0=2$) and $z_3=50\mu m$ ($ \beta=0.01$, $ \Gamma/\Gamma_0=0.92$). The free-space wavelength is $\lambda_0=124\mu$m, the plasmon wavelength $\lambda_{p}=\lambda_0/3.5$ and the propagation length $L_p=14.9\lambda_{p}$.  The dashed black line corresponds to the free-space interaction and the dashed gray line to Eq. \ref{eqgamma} for high $\beta$. (b) At $\nu=7.4$THz, when the dipoles are at $z=0.2\mu m$, with $\beta=0.98$ and $\Gamma_{11}/\Gamma_0=2250$. The free-space wavelength is $\lambda_0=41\mu m$, the plasmon wavelength is $\lambda_{p}=\lambda_0/10$ and the propagation length is $L_p=20\lambda_{p}$. The dashed black line shows the free-space $\gamma$ and the gray line the decay of the interaction.}
  \label{fig2}
\end{figure}

Let us first consider two emitters interacting through the graphene sheet placed at opposite sides of the sheet, i.e., in the transmission configuration [see the sketch in Fig. \ref{fig1} (b)]. In order to study the behavior with the distance to the sheet, we locate the emitters at the same $z$ ($|z_1|=|z_2|$) and at $\vec{r}_{\|}=0$. We assume the dipole moments to be of the same module but anti-parallel, $\vec{p}_1=-\vec{p}_2=p\vec{u}_z$. The decay rate related to the interaction between the emitters, $\Gamma_{12}$, is needed to determine $\gamma$ and is related to the transmission coefficient:
\begin{equation}
	\frac{\Gamma_{12}^T}{\Gamma_0}=-\frac{3}{2}\mbox{Re}\left[\int_0^{\infty}dq \frac{q^3}{q_z} t(q) e^{2 i k_0 q_z z} \right]
	\label{eqGammaT}
\end{equation}
where the $-$ sign comes from the fact that the dipoles are anti-parallel and the transmission coefficient is $t(q)=1/(\alpha q_z+1)$. The $\gamma$ factor as a function of $z/\lambda_0$ is plotted in Fig. \ref{fig1} (b) for the same parameters used in panel (a). The red line shows $\gamma$ when the emitters are placed in free-space and interact only through radiative modes: $\gamma_{\mbox{vac}}=0$ at $z<<\lambda_0$ because the opposite phase of the dipole moments inhibits the radiation and when $z$ increases $\gamma_{\mbox{vac}}$ oscillates around $1$ with $\lambda_0$. When the graphene sheet is present, the interaction between the emitters is strongly modified at the subwavelength scale. In the limit of large $z$, in correspondence with the distances where $\beta\approx 0$ in panel (a), the emitters couple via radiative modes and $\gamma$ approaches $\gamma_{\mbox{vac}}$. On the other hand, in the range of $z$ where the plasmonic coupling between the emitters starts to dominate, $\beta\neq0$, $\gamma$ deviates from $\gamma_{\mbox{vac}}$, and, as the distance between the emitters and the sheet decreases, the system turns from subradiant to superradiant. For each value of $\mu$ ($0.2$, $0.1$ and $0.05$ eV), the value of $z/\lambda_0$ where $\beta$ starts to grow from 0 to 1, is the onset of the separation between $\gamma$ and $\gamma_{\mbox{vac}}$. Thus, the superradiant regime, controlled by high coupling to GSP, can be tuned by means of $\mu$. In the limit $z<<\lambda_0$, where $\beta=0$ again and losses dominate, the interaction reaches $\gamma=2$, in contrast to the free-space value in this limit, $\gamma_{\mbox{vac}}=0$. The reason for this is that, in this limit, the integrals in Eq. \ref{eqGamma11} and Eq. \ref{eqGammaT} are dominated by the contributions coming from large $q$, where $q_z=i|q_z|$ and $\Gamma_{11}$ is controlled by $-\mbox{Im}[r(q)]$ and $\Gamma_{12}^T$ by $-\mbox{Im}[t(q)]$. Since the imaginary part of both coefficients is the same, $\Gamma_{11}=\Gamma_{12}^T$ and thus $\gamma=2$. It is interesting to note that this sign change comes from the continuity conditions of the electromagnetic fields.

Let us now study how the interaction evolves with the in-plane distance between the emitters, $r=|\vec{r}_{1\|}-\vec{r}_{2\|}|$, where $\vec{r}_{\|}=(x,y)$. We take two dipoles interacting through the graphene sheet in the reflection configuration, as sketched in Fig. \ref{fig2} (a). In this case we place both of them at the same distance $z$ to the sheet, separated by an in-place distance $r$, and with dipole moments of the same magnitude, parallel and pointing in the vertical direction, $\vec{p}_1=\vec{p}_2=p\vec{u}_z$. In order to determine the $\gamma$ factor we need the interaction decay rate in reflection:
\begin{equation}
	\frac{\Gamma_{12}^R}{\Gamma_0}=\frac{3}{2}\mbox{Re}\left[\int_0^{\infty}dq \frac{q^3}{q_z} J_0(k_0 q r)\left( 1-r(q) e^{2 i k_0 q_z z} \right)\right]
\end{equation}
where the in-plane dependence is given by the zeroth-order Bessel function, $J_0$. The $\gamma$ factor as a function of $r/\lambda_0$ is plotted in Fig. \ref{fig2} (a) at 2.4THz and $\mu=0.2$ eV when the dipoles are at three different separations to the sheet, $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$. First, for $z_1=2\mu$m, we know from Fig. \ref{fig1} (a) that the coupling to GSPs is very efficient, $\beta=0.98$, and $\Gamma/\Gamma_0=105$. In this situation, the interaction between the two emitters is mediated by GSP, and, consequently, the length scale of the interaction is controlled by $\lambda_{p}=\lambda_0/3.5$ as opposed to the free-space interaction, dominated by $\lambda_0$ (dashed line). When $\beta\approx1$, an analytical expression for $\gamma$ can be obtained in the pole approximation:
\begin{equation}
	\gamma=1+\beta J_0(k_0 q_{p}r) e^{-r/L_p}
	\label{eqgamma}
\end{equation}
where $L_p$ is the propagation length of the GSP, given by $L_p=\lambda_0/[2\pi \mbox{Im}(q_{p})]$, and equal to $14.9\lambda_p$ in this case. As it can be seen in the plot, the analytical (gray dashed line) and exact (red line) calculations of $\gamma$ coincide. Since the propagation length is large enough, the decay length of the interaction is then given by the Bessel function, that decays as $\sqrt{2/(\pi r)}$. This is a dimensionality factor, coming from the fact that the 3D interaction in free-space is confined to the 2D graphene sheet. When the distance to the graphene sheet is increased, $\beta$ decreases and  $\gamma$ deviates from the analytical expression. For $z_2=15\mu$m the $\beta$ factor is $0.55$ and the shape of $\gamma$ reflects the fact that the emitter decays both to GSP and radiatively. Finally, when the distance to the sheet is large enough to have $\beta\approx0$, such as $z=50\mu$m, the vacuum interaction is recovered. Therefore, our results show that a larger interaction length scale and a modification of the super- and subradiant regimes can be achieved in a subwavelength scale for the appropriate choice of parameters.

The tunability of graphene enables us to reach a regime where the interaction between the two emitters can be controlled at very deep subwavelength scales. Although the tuning can also be done via $\mu$, here we show a situation where the tuning parameter is the frequency. When the two emitters interact in reflection [see Fig. \ref{fig2} (b)] at $7.4$ THz and $\mu=0.2$ eV, $\gamma$ (red line) is very different from the one corresponding to the free-space situation (black dashed line). Increasing the frequency while maintaining the chemical potential, results in a larger momentum for the GSP, $q_{p}$, which leads to a tighter confinement as well as a reduction in the propagation length. Thus, the interaction varies in a $\lambda_{p}=\lambda_0/10$ scale, as opposed to the free-space interaction, dominated by $\lambda_0$ [Fig. \ref{fig2} (b) shows both scales $r/\lambda_0$ and $r/\lambda_{p}$]. The decay of the $\gamma$ factor (gray line), is given by the square-root decay characteristic of 2D interactions for distances shorter than the propagation length, that in this case is $L_p=1.85\lambda_0$ ($19.2\lambda_{p}$). For larger distances, losses start to dominate and the interaction decays exponentially, according to Eq. \ref{eqgamma}.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{fig3.pdf}
\caption{Interaction mediated by graphene ribbons. (a,b) Electric field profile for a dipole decaying to the ribbon-GSP. The dipole is placed at $x=0$, $y=0$ and $z=\lambda_0/40$ in panel (a) and at $z=\lambda_0/10$ in panel (b) [the same would be obtained for $z>\lambda_0/10$]. (c) Super-radiance mediated by the ribbon-GSP mode shown in panel (a). The green line shows the exponential decay of the interaction.}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{fig4.pdf}
\caption{Dependence of the dipole-dipole coupling in graphene ribbons on the lateral separation from the center of the ribbon, $y=0$. (a) $\gamma$ factor between two dipoles in the reflection configuration as a function of $x$ for several lateral separations from the center of the ribbon (blue lines). The scale in each sub-panel is between $0$ and $2$. The red line shows the corresponding interaction in vacuum. The inset panel shows a top view of the structure. (b) $\gamma$ factor as a function of the lateral separation $y$ in the transmission configuration for two cases. First (red line), $\gamma$ factor when the two dipoles are displaced simultaneously, as shown in sketch (1). The dots correspond to numerical simulations and the continuous line is a guide-to-the-eye. Second (blue line), $\gamma$ factor (from simulations) when the upper dipole is fixed at the center of the ribbon and the lower is displaced, as shown in sketch (2). The inset panel shows the corresponding interaction when the dipoles are placed in vacuum.}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure*}

\section*{IV. SUPERRADIANCE IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHENE RIBBONS}
For completeness, we have also considered the possibility of confining GSPs in 1D graphene ribbons, which could provide a platform for long distance entanglement between two emitters, as proposed in Ref. \citenum{GonzalezTudela}. Compared to the GSPs propagating in a 2D graphene sheet at the same frequency, the ribbon-GSPs have a higher $q$ vector, thus it is more tightly confined to the graphene layer. On the other hand, while the coupling of two emitters mediated by 2D-GSPs is dominated by the dimensionality factor, $e^{-r/L_p}/\sqrt{r}$ (see Fig. 2), it is expected that in the case of 1D-GSPs this coupling will decay as $e^{-x/L_p}$, enabling long range interaction between the emitters provided $L_p$ is long enough. Let us consider a free-standing graphene ribbon of width $\Delta$ at $|y|<\Delta/2$, placed at $z=0$ with its axis along the $x$ direction (see Fig. \ref{fig3}). We take $\nu=2.4$ THz and the fundamental mode of a ribbon of width $\Delta=5\mu$m, that originates from the hybridization of two edge modes and has even parity of $E_z$ with respect to the ribbon axis \cite{Nikitin11b}. The field profile of the fundamental mode, obtained by means of the Finite Element Method (COMSOL software), is shown for two situations, where the emitter is placed at distances, $z=3.12\mu$m and $z=12.4\mu$m, as shown in Fig. \ref{fig3} (a,b). For a distance to the ribbon of $3.12\mu$m, i.e. $\lambda_0/40$, $\beta\approx1$, the GSP mode is excited with a very high efficiency and its field structure is clearly seen in panel (a). On the other hand, when the emitter is not sufficiently close to the ribbon, $\beta<<1$ and it couples mostly to radiation, as can be seen in panel (b) for an emitter at $z=\lambda_0/10$ where the field snapshot virtually coincides with an spherical wave. For the case with $\beta\approx1$, Fig. \ref{fig3} (c) shows $\gamma$ (blue line) for two emitters interacting in reflection through the ribbon-GSP. Similar to the 2D GSP, a subwavelength modification of the interaction can be achieved. However, since the ribbon-GSP is much more confined ($\lambda_{p}=\lambda_0/6.1$), this modification can be achieved in a shorter length scale. Moreover, propagation in 1D allows for a longer interaction range, with an exponential decay given by a propagation length $L_p=20\lambda_{p}$. Our results demonstrate that graphene ribbons could be used to control the length scale of the interaction between two emitters thanks to the efficient excitation of GSPs.

When analyzing graphene ribbons it is worth studying the transition across the the ribbon, i.e., how the coupling between two emitters is affected by the presence of edges (see Fig. \ref{fig4}). For this reason, we consider the evolution of the interaction in the reflection configuration, the same as in Fig. \ref{fig3} (c), and also plotting the evolution of $\gamma(x)$ as a function of the lateral distance from the center of the ribbon (see Fig. \ref{fig4} (a)). As sketched in the inset panel, we displace both emitters perpendicularly to the ribbon axis (along $y$), from the ribbon's center $y=0$ and passing through the ribbon's edge at $y=\Delta/2$, up to $y=2\Delta$.  As the figure shows, $\gamma (x)$ evolves from reflecting a high coupling to GSP at $y=0$, to following the free-space interaction at $y=2\Delta$, i.e., $\beta$ goes from $\approx 1$ to $\approx 0$ in a length scale of the order of $2\Delta$. Additionally, we also study the evolution of the interaction between two emitters with opposite dipole moments in the transmission configuration for two situations and plot $\gamma$ at $x=0$ as a function of $y$ in panel (b). First, we displace the emitters simultaneously such that both of them are at the same $y$ [see sketch (1)]. At $y=0$, the emitters couple to the ribbon-GSP and the system is in a superradiant state (red line), as opposed to the situation in free space, that is subradiant (inset panel, red line). When the emitters are displaced from the ribbon's center, but are still on top of the ribbon, i.e. $|y|<\Delta/2$, $\gamma$ is only slightly modified. Once the dipoles pass the ribbon's edge, the coupling to the 1D GSP is reduced, and therefore $\gamma$ decreases. Subradiance is quickly reached, approaching the free-space value, $\gamma=0$, which is achieved when the emitters are placed at a distance $2\Delta$ from the ribbon's center. In the second situation, one emitter is kept at the ribbon's center and the other is displaced perpendicularly to the ribbon's axis [see sketch (2)]. In this case, the system is always superradiant for the distances considered: $\gamma$ starts at $2$ and approaches $1$, while in free space $\gamma$ is of the order of $0.05$ at $y=\Delta$ (blue line in the inset panel). The reason for this lies on the fact that the emitter that is fixed always couples to the GSP. Remarkably, with only one emitter efficiently coupled to the ribbon-GSP, the interaction between both emitters is very different to the vacuum case. Our results for both configurations (reflection and transmission) demonstrate that the coupling between emitters mediated by 1D-GSP is very insensitive to the lateral displacement and that the effective lateral extension of these 1D-GSP is of the order of $\Delta/2$ measured from the edge's ribbon.

\section*{V. CONCLUSION}
In conclusion, we have studied the tailoring of the interaction between two emitters mediated by surface plasmon modes in a graphene sheet. We have shown that within a certain range of distances to the graphene sheet, the decay rate of one emitter can be fully dominated by the graphene surface plasmons. Due to this efficient coupling,  the enhancement of the decay rate of the emitter, or Purcell factor, can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. The interaction between two emitters mediated by the graphene plasmons in two-dimensional graphene sheets can thus be controlled at a subwavelength scale and can be tuned by means of external parameters. We have studied the appearance of the super- and subradiant regimes, both in the reflection and transmission configurations. Additionally, when the interaction is confined to one-dimension in graphene ribbons, a longer interaction range between the emitters and a very deep subwavelength control of the interaction can be achieved. Here, the lateral confinement leads to much higher enhancement factors, very deep subwavelength length scales for the coupling and longer interaction ranges. By considering the lateral displacement of the emitters from the ribbon's axis, we have also shown that the coupling to the graphene surface plasmons supported by the ribbon is very robust. Our results show that both graphene sheets and graphene ribbons can be used as efficient platforms to modify the interaction between two emitters when they are placed in their vicinity.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGEMENT}
This work has been sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Contract No. MAT2008-06609-C02 and Consolider Project Nanolight.es. P.A.H. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Education through grant AP2008-00021 and A.Y.N. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva Grant No. JCI-2008-3123.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Dit artikel bevat de lijst van Nederlandse ondernemingen waarover een artikel op Wikipedia bestaat.

Huidige bedrijven

Voormalige bedrijven
 Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC
 West-Indische Compagnie, WIC
 PolyGram, gefuseerd met MCA Music Entertainment
 Rodamco Europe, overgenomen door Unibail
 Nederlands Omroepproduktie Bedrijf
 Koninklijke Ahold NV, gefuseerd met het belgische Delhaize tot Ahold Delhaize
 J.C.Th. Marius

Faillissement
 Fokker (kleine onderdelen zijn overgenomen door Stork)
 DAF (herstart onder Volvo, waarbij DAF Trucks zelfstandig bleef)
 V&D († 2015)
 Van der Moolen († 2009)

 1
Nederlandse ondernemingen
ondernemingen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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PAOLO WOODS
A CRUDE WORLD
"Oil is the Devil's Excrement"
Juan Pablo Perez Alfonso, Minister and co-founder of OPEC, 1973
"You kinda have to go where the oil is"
Lee Raymond, CEO ExxonMobile, 2003
"A crude world" is a behind the scenes investigation of the oil industry. Paolo Woods (photographs), Serge Michel (texts), have been out in the field exploring the new world order of oil. Travelling from the ice-locked platforms of Siberia to the burning deserts of Iraq, from a tycoon's air-conditioned offices in Houston to the miserable oilfields of Baku, from the endless steppe of Kazakhstan to the shantytowns of Angola, they followed the new pipelines through the lawless valleys of Georgia and shopped with the oligarchs in Dubai.
Covering twelve countries in four continents they focused on areas that are, or will be, the new production hubs and pivotal points in the precarious equilibrium of the oil trade.
Indeed, the world is thirstier than ever for oil and America, the thirstiest of all, no longer trusts Saudi Arabia to quench its crude dependency, so the hunt for new sources is open.
"A crude world" follows the routes of this black gold, revealing dramatic and fascinating stories that are too often left untold.
© Paolo Woods, 2019.


Vitamin D deficiency is common during pregnancy, especially among moms with limited sun exposure, high use of sunscreen, darker skin, and vegetarians.3 Vitamin D maintains proper blood calcium and phosphate levels by aiding in calcium absorption in the digestive tract and increasing calcium reabsorption from the kidneys when blood calcium levels are low.2 This is very important because maintaining proper blood calcium levels ensures calcium will not be taken from bones to maintain those levels.
Gestational vitamin D levels have been show to have lasting implications in supporting proper fetal neural and immunological development.4 For the proper development of these systems, it is important to ensure you are obtaining enough vitamin D before, during, and after pregnancy from a source such as PrimaCare™. When choosing a prenatal supplement, it is important to choose one that meets or exceeds the recommended daily intake of 600 IU during pregnancy. PrimaCare™ delivers 1000 IU of vitamin D, which exceeds the recommended 600 IU, so you can find comfort in knowing you and your baby are receiving enough vitamin D.


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Q: What's a good, actively-developed status-bar-hosted mail client? I currently use Notify, but it has gone out from under active development and there are a few bugs in Lion. Is there something that does an identical or nearly identical thing, but hasn't been abandoned? Free would be preferable.

A: Sparrow is $10 on the MAS and does have a status-bar only option.


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golden, golden he's broken
During the Golden Age of Hollywood in the 1920s, actors and actresses shot to fame—but only if they tailored their images to the demands of the big studios. The snippet first shows the retriever laying flat in a puddle, before it begins to roll around and splash water all over the place in carefree bliss. A video posted on an Instagram page called wild_animalsgram has captured the real way to enjoy monsoons, featuring a cute and tall golden retriever. First published in 1890, The Golden Bough was eventually issued in a twelve-volume edition (1906-15) which was abridged in 1922 by the author and his wife. The Golden Bowl is a 1904 novel by Henry James.Set in England, this complex, intense study of marriage and adultery completes what some critics have called the "major phase" of James's career. Stephen Curry's injury not only sidelined him for a major portion of the season but it also likely derailed the Warriors season. Mentioned in Exodus 32 and I Kings 12 in the Old Testament, worship of the golden calf is seen as a supreme act of It goes.... "Is he golden I'm hoping He is broken And I'm hoping someday hell open" Then continues with "and know that you're scared because I'm so open" They're were towards the end when it says golden over and over. They went 3-12 through the team's first 15 games making the Warriors one of the worst teams in the NBA to start the season. The Golden State Warriors announced Stephen Curry has a broken left hand, an injury he suffered in the team's third blowout loss this season. The Golden Bowl explores the tangle of interrelationships between a father and daughter and their respective spouses. Kintsugi is a centuries-old Japanese art of repairing broken pottery and transforming it into a new work of art with gold, the traditional metal used in Kintsugi. The name of the technique is derived from the words "Kin" (golden) and "tsugi" (joinery), which translate to mean "golden repair." NiP have added Maikil "Golden" Selim to their StarLadder Major lineup after agreeing on a temporary loan deal with Cloud9.. NiP had been a man short for the StarLadder Major after benching Dennis "dennis" Edman to make room for Nicolas "Plopski" Gonzalez Zamora, who is ineligible to play with the team at the Berlin event due to having qualified for the Europe Minor with Ancient. To get the Golden Tools in Animal Crossing: New Horizons you'll need to unlock recipes by performing some difficult tasks. Golden calf, idol worshipped by the Hebrews during the period of the Exodus from Egypt in the 13th century bc and during the age of Jeroboam I, king of Israel, in the 10th century bc. Golden escalator ride: the surreal day Trump kicked off his bid for president This article is more than 1 year old On 16 June 2015, the then mogul announced his White House run. Golden State Warriors All-Star guard, Stephen Curry suffered a broken left hand after crashing hard into Phoenix Suns' center Aaron Baynes in … Remember Your Creator … 5 when men fear the heights and dangers of the road, when the almond tree blossoms, the grasshopper loses its spring, and the caper berry shrivels—for then man goes to his eternal home and mourners walk the streets. A classic study of the beliefs and institutions of mankind, and the progress through magic and religion to scientific thought, The Golden Bough has a unique status in modern anthropology and literature. Yes. Golden State Warriors: Stephen Curry broken hand, broken fortunes?
Indefinite Leave To Remain Guidance 2020, The Turkey Bowl Streaming, South Park Manbearpig Season 22, Pomme D Or St Helier Hotel, Optics Planet Coupon Forum 2020, What Is Meharry Medical College Known For, 7 Days To Die Update Xbox, Columbus Park District, Perfect Hat-trick In Premier League, College Lacrosse 2021 Schedule, College Lacrosse 2021 Schedule, Beau Rivage Bakery, Ilham Meaning In Urdu, Kingscliff Shopping Village,
golden, golden he's broken 2021


So I guess this is the first post and my dramatic entrance into dumping my thoughts down onto the screen. This is a great place for the search engines to crawl my mindless dribble about whatever comes to mind. Likely my lack of time will completely inhibit me from actually spending any time here, but what the hell, it might be fun!
Author LucasKellerPosted on February 4, 2011 Categories miscellaneousLeave a comment on and so it begins..


Most of my recent projects have been open-ended and haven't had that well-defined of a finish line. For this project I kept the time I spent on it to a week of my free time, and I got a chance to make my very first third person game. I went with a Superman theme and copied the flying through rings mechanic of Superman 64 (hopefully I improved on the controls a bit). I really enjoyed getting a chance to dive into Unreal's animation system (which lead to my next project) and messing around with some of the art and cheesy sound effects.


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Q: Offset in IE7 makes div misalign I've got a div which has a top-offset of 88, after the page makes a postback, the offset is changed to 225 and this makes the div misalign.
I've got another div, with the same css attributes which doesn't get this offset.
I've got no idea where does the offset is coming from or how could I remove it. Any help would be appreciated!

A: I recommend trying my answer from this post:
My page layout breaks in IE7, rights itself if I hover over/open a menu item


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Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 results on page 1 of 1
Armstrong, James
Armstrong, James (1781?–1839), unitarian minister and educationist, was born at Ballynahinch, Co. Down, where his father John Armstrong (1754?–1837) was a merchant; his mother, Margaret (1751?–1836), was a daughter of John Strong (d. 1780), presbyterian minister at Ballynahinch (…...
Drummond, James
Drummond, James (1835–1918), unitarian minister and theologian, was born 14 May 1835 in Dublin, the youngest of three sons of William Hamilton Drummond (qv) (1778–1865), unitarian minister of the Strand Street chapel, Dublin…...
Drummond, William Hamilton
Drummond, William Hamilton (1778–1865), unitarian minister, theologian, poet, scholar, and controversialist, was born in August or September 1778 at Larne, Co. Antrim. He was the second of three children of William Drummond, a Royal Navy surgeon, and his wife Rose (née Hare), a…...
Hazlitt, William
Hazlitt, William (1737–1820), unitarian minister, was born in Shronell, Co. Tipperary, one of three sons and four daughters of John and Margaret Hazlitt (or Haslett). The father, a presbyterian merchant who had left the north of Ireland some years before, was almost certainly related…...
Hincks, Thomas David
This is a co-subject for the entry on Hincks, Thomas Dix. View the original entry....
Hincks, Thomas Dix
Hincks, Thomas Dix (1767–1857), presbyterian minister, naturalist, and scholar, was born 24 June 1767 at Bachelor's Quay, Dublin, son of Edward Hincks (d. 1772), a customs officer from Chester, England. His mother's maiden name was Dix, and after the premature death of her…...
Hincks, William
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Aminatou Haidar (; * 24. Juli 1966 in Akka, Provinz Tata, Marokko) ist eine Menschenrechtsaktivistin, die sich für die politische Selbstbestimmung der Westsahara einsetzt.

Leben
Haidar wurde im Süden Marokkos in einem Gebiet geboren, in dem Sahrauis siedelten. Ihr Studium der Literaturwissenschaft an der Universität in El Aaiún schloss sie 1994 mit einem Examen ab. Sie ist alleinerziehende Mutter zweier Kinder und lebt als Verwaltungsangestellte in El Aaiún.

Bekanntheit erlangte sie vor allem durch ihren Einsatz für die politische Selbstbestimmung der Westsahara, eines Landes, das bis 1975 eine Kolonie Spaniens war und anschließend aufgrund loser historischer Bindungen in der vorkolonialen Zeit von Marokko und Mauretanien besetzt wurde. Während sich Mauretanien 1979 aus der Westsahara zurückzog, kontrolliert Marokko seither etwa zwei Drittel der Gesamtfläche des Landes. Die Vereinten Nationen verlangen die Durchführung eines Referendums über den endgültigen völkerrechtlichen Status des Gebietes (vgl. Westsaharakonflikt).

Als sich Haidar 1987 an einer Demonstration beteiligte, die mit friedlichen Mitteln die Durchführung des Referendums verlangte, wurde sie von marokkanischen Sicherheitskräften verhaftet. Sie wurde gemeinsam mit 17 weiteren Frauen vier Jahre ohne Anklage oder Gerichtsbeschluss an einem geheimen Ort festgehalten. Nach eigenen Angaben wurde sie während dieser Zeit mehrfach gefoltert.

Nach 1991 setzte sie sich mehrfach für bessere Haftbedingungen von politischen Gefangenen in der Westsahara ein. Am 17. Juni 2005 wurde Haidar zusammen mit den Menschenrechtsaktivisten Fatma Ayach und Houssein Lidri während einer Demonstration erneut verhaftet. Nach einem Bericht von Amnesty International fügten marokkanische Polizisten den Demonstranten Kopfverletzungen mit Schlagstöcken zu. Die Wunden Haidars mussten im Hassan-Belmehdi-Krankenhaus mit zwölf Stichen genäht werden. Anschließend wurde sie drei Tage lang verhört und wegen angeblich gewaltsamer Proteste und der Angehörigkeit zu einer verbotenen Organisation angeklagt. Sie verbüßte eine siebenmonatige Haft in einem als Schwarzes Gefängnis bekannten Kerker in El Aaiún. Zwischen dem 8. August 2005 und dem 29. September 2005 trat Haidar in einen Hungerstreik, um für sich und ihre Mitgefangenen bessere Haftbedingungen zu erreichen. Auf freien Fuß gelangte sie, nachdem sich 178 Abgeordnete des Europäischen Parlamentes in einer Petition für sie verwandt hatten.

Erneut in die Schlagzeilen geriet Aminatou Haidar im November 2009, als ihr nach einem Aufenthalt in den Vereinigten Staaten, wo sie mit dem Civil Courage Prize ausgezeichnet worden war, die Einreise in ihr Heimatland verweigert wurde. Die marokkanischen Behörden nahmen ihr auf dem Flughafen von El Aaiún den Pass ab, weil sie auf dem Einreiseformular als Staatsangehörigkeit "sahrauisch" (und nicht marokkanisch) angegeben hatte. Nach diesem Akt des zivilen Ungehorsams schob Marokko sie auf die zu Spanien gehörende Insel Lanzarote ab. Die spanischen Behörden untersagten ihr die Rückreise in die Westsahara mit der Begründung, sie sei nicht im Besitz eines gültigen Passes. Daraufhin begann sie am 14. November 2009 auf dem Flughafen Arrecife einen weiteren Hungerstreik. Am 32. Tag ihres Streikes, am 17. Dezember 2009, musste sie wegen Flüssigkeitsmangels und blutigen Erbrechens in ein Krankenhaus eingeliefert werden. Kurz darauf erlaubte ihr Spanien die Ausreise in die Westsahara, wo sie am Morgen des 18. Dezember  2009 eintraf. Ihr Fall hatte zuvor weltweit für Aufmerksamkeit gesorgt und zu einer politischen Kontroverse in Spanien geführt.

Medien und Anhänger bezeichnen Aminatou Haidar wegen ihres gewaltfreien Widerstandes seit längerem als "Gandhi der Westsahara". Angebote der spanischen Regierung, die ihr mehrfach politisches Asyl und die Staatsangehörigkeit in Aussicht stellte, schlug sie aus. Für Haidar setzten sich unter anderem der portugiesische Schriftsteller und Nobelpreisträger José Saramago, der Filmregisseur Pedro Almodóvar und der Musiker Brian Eno ein.

Auszeichnungen
Aminatou Haidar wurde für ihre Arbeit mehrfach ausgezeichnet:

 Juan-Maria-Bandrés-Preis (2006)
 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award (2008)
 Civil Courage Prize (2009)
 Bremer Solidaritätspreis (2013)
 Right Livelihood Award (2019)

Im Februar 2008 schlug sie das American Friends Service Committee für den Friedensnobelpreis vor.

Weblinks

 Aminatou Haidar, the "Gandhi of Western Sahara," Wins Right Livelihood Award – Interview durch Amy Goodman am 25. September 2019

Einzelnachweise

Menschenrechtsaktivist (Marokko)
Menschenrechtsaktivist (Westsahara)
Politik (Westsahara)
Politik (Marokko)
Sahraui
Träger des Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award
Träger des Right Livelihood Award
Marokkaner
Geboren 1966
Frau


History will judge the Troubled Asset Relief Program more positively than people do now, Warren Buffett said on CNBC Thursday, five years to the day since the financial bailout program was signed into law, and in the midst of the first government shutdown in 17 years.
Appearing alongside former Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson on CNBC's "Squawk Box," Buffett first addressed TARP, saying people don't realize how tough a position Paulson was in when he crafted the rescue package.
The interviews were conducted a day after chief executives from major financial institutions met with President Obama and warned of adverse consequences if government agencies remain closed.
Later in the day, the president spoke to CNBC, saying he's genuinely worried about what is going on in Washington and exasperated that Republicans are trying use to the shutdown and the borrowing limit fight as leverage to delay Obamacare."If [Republicans] can't get their way on another issue, they'll use the threat of, in effect, defaulting on the government's credit to get their way," Buffett said. "That won't work long-term."


TV advertising can be a minefield for service businesses. Given high expenses, bigger competitors, and a slim budget for advertising that doesn't make the phone ring, you might be tempted not to bother getting into TV at all.
Frink Advertising can help. We help contractors and other business owners in service industries reach more local customers through TV ads. We work with business owners here in Austin, and in San Antonio, Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth, and throughout Texas. Contact Bill Frink today to discuss your needs.


Guingamp, beautiful house set in a landscaped garden with heated pool.
Renovated mansion for sale in Guingamp. Ideally located in the city center this pretty house which was built late nineteenth century offers approx. 330m2 habitable with nice features. Many authentic details have been preserved (woodwork, moldings, coffered ceiling, fireplaces). The house is very bright and has 8 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms. The house is built on cellars including a wonderful wine cellar. The garden of 1350m2 where has been installed a heated swimming pool with a wooden terrace, is beautifully landscaped. You have not only the TGV station, but also schools, high schools and shops within walking distance. If you are looking for a beautiful authentic and comfortable home with easy access by TGV (Paris in 2h38!) In the city center and not far from the coast (about 20 minutes), a visit is required. This property is ideal for a large family, a liberal profession or to exercise a B&B project . Contact Peter Bos at 00-33 6 7150 6389 for a visit.


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Partnership with the Edmond de Rothschild Group
Investment Vehicles
Adnane Zerhouni
Investment Director
Adnane Zerhouni, is Investment Director. He is based in Casablanca.
Mr Zerhouni is responsible for identifying and analysing opportunities, managing the teams in charge of executing transactions, as well as monitoring portfolio investments. He focuses his efforts mainly on the MENA region.
Prior to joining Amethis in 2018, Adnane Zerhouni was M&A Director of Saham Group in Casablanca (a diversified pan-African group, a major player in the insurance sector) for 5 years, where he carried out numerous acquisitions and disposals on the African continent. Previously, Mr Zerhouni was an investment banker in London for 7 years in the M&A departments of Deutsche Bank and Barclays Capital.
Mr Zerhouni holds a Master of Science in Management with a specialization in economics from HEC Paris, and also holds a Certificate of Continuous Education from Columbia University in New York. He is a Moroccan and French citizen and speaks fluent English, French and Arabic.
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IN RE: KAHAN'S ESTATE.
IN RE: KAHAN'S ESTATE. FARMERS & MERCHANTS NAT. BANK OF LOS ANGELES v. JEWISH NATIONAL FUND, Inc., et al.
Gustave L. Goldstein and Hanna and Morton, all of Los Angeles, for appellant. Louis Thomsen, of Los Angeles, for respondent Kahan.
Jacob Kahan died on October 30, 1942, leaving a will dated January 31, 1936, and a codicil thereto dated August 24, 1942. The probate court held that since decedent did not survive more than six months after the execution of the codicil to his will and left one or more brothers as heirs only one third of the distributable estate could go to charity. From this holding appellant, a charitable legatee, appeals.
Decedent by his will dated January 31, 1936, left the residue of his estate to '* * * the Farmers and Merchants National Bank, in trust, nevertheless, for the following uses and purposes:
'a) To pay the net income therefrom in semi-annual installments to my brother, Mowshe Kiwowitz Kahanowitz, who now resides at Priluky, Poltaver Guberna Ukrania, Russia.
'b) Upon the decease of my brother, Mowshe Kiwowitz Kahanowitz, the net income from the trust fund shall be paid in semi-annual installments to his wife during her natural life.
'c) Upon the death of my brother above-named, Mowshe Kiwowitz Kahanowitz, and his wife, the trust shall terminate, and the trustee, the Farmers and Merchants National Bank of Los Angeles, California, shall pay over and turn over the trust fund remaining in its hands, as trustee, to the Jewish National Fund, to be used for the Jewish Chalutzim in Palestine in their work.
'd) The Trustee shall hold and manage the property as a trust fund according to the way permitted by law.'
Subsequently on August 24, 1942, he executed a codicil to his will reading thus:
'I, Jacob Kahan, do hereby make, publish and declare this Codicil to my last Will and Testament dated January 31, 1936, as follows:
'Article II of my said Will is hereby amended by adding thereto the following clause: His (my said brother, Calmen Cohen's) two eldest sons, if they shall have served in the armed forces of the Allied Nations in the present war, are to receive $500.00 each.
'Article VI, of my said Will and particularly as to subdivision 'C' thereof is hereby amended by adding thereto the following: In the event that neither my said brother, or his wife, are alive, or cannot be located within one year after this war, and furthermore, in the event Palestine met with misfortune through the present Nazi War campaign against it and has thus been ruined as a Jewish Settlement or Homeland, then all such proceeds of the within legacy are to go to the Bnai Brith of Los Angeles, California.
'All other provisions of my said Will are to remain in full force and effect.'
This is the sole question necessary for us to determine:
Did the codicil to decedent's will modify his previous will so as to effect a revocation of the testamentary clause in question and effect a republication of the will?
This question must be answered in the negative and is governed by this statement of our Supreme Court in the Estate of Kaufman, 25 Cal.2d 854, 860, 155 P.2d 831, 834:
'When a testator repeats the same dispositive plan in a new will, revocation of the old one by the new is deemed inseparably related to and dependent upon the legal effectiveness of the new. (Citing cases.) If the new will fails to give effect to the twice declared purpose of the testator, its revocatory clause falls, for a testator who repeats his purpose intends to confirm and not revoke it, and does not intend to have the new will operate as a revocation independently of its operation as a will.'
It is clear that decedent in the execution of the codicil to his will did not intend to revoke the previous charitable disposition made by his will of January 31, 1936, but did intend to confirm it; therefore under the rule announced by the Supreme Court in Estate of Kaufman, supra, the codicil did not constitute a revocation of the will and a republication thereof. Hence the charitable bequest was made more than six months before the death of the testator and the trial court erred in holding that the bequest should be reduced to one third of the net distributable estate.
For the foregoing reasons the order is reversed with directions to the trial court to make an order conforming with the views above expressed.
McCOMB, Justice.
MOORE, P. J., and WILSON, J., concur.


Kudos to the gang down at New Brand Tribalism (NBT from now on) for doing something startlingly different this week. In this age of instant e-access, 140-bit brevity and virtual buddies, how excited was I to receive an unsolicited package at work the other day. Remember them? Not quite brown paper held together by a piece of hairy string, but a none-the-less equally nostalgia inducing Jiffy bag. I wasn't expecting anything from Amazon or eBay, so it was with a mounting sense of excitement that I ripped open the package to reveal "Live Long and Prosper: The 55 Minute Guide to Building Sustainable Brands".
Written by Dan Gray, who as it happens I know through his regular contributions to Commscrum, (one of my favourite 'serious' blogs), the blurb promised a quick and deceptively simple guide to why CSR is dead and 'design for sustainability' is the next competitive advantage.
To be frank it could have been about bee keeping or beard trimming and I'd still have read it.
Not because it was a freebie – but because I have to return it as soon as I've read it. And because it had a library card pocket on the inside front cover complete with library card. It really has been years since I've seen one of them! And because the Jiffy Bag contained an SAJ (stamped, addressed Jiffy) so that I could return to sender at zero cost to me and that I would return to sender because it's not easy to chuck a handful of unused postage stamps in the bin.
But the main reason I was going to read this book come what may was because it was accompanied by a note from my mate Eb at NBT reminding me of one of their core values: Knowledge is Energy. Knowledge Shared – is Energy Shared. What a great way to bring your core values to life. I want to read the book. I want to send it back. I want to share the experience with others.
NBT have invested a not inconsequential sum in sending this (and other books I'd wager) to a number of their friends, clients and countrymen to demonstrate not just a desire to build their own tribe of fans and doting admirers, but an expertise at doing just that.


text:
Helma Schäfer-Levy
Helma Levy was born on 20 September 1913 and grew up in Berlin. In spring 1935 the Levy family fled Germany. They settled in Orteliusstraat in Amsterdam. In the autumn of 1936 Helma's father went to live at Frederiksplein. He moved from one place to another in Amsterdam several times and finally came to live on Amstelkade in the autumn of 1940. Her parents divorced on 12 May 1942. Her father remarried Jenny Servos on 12 August 1942.
Helma and her mother move to the Rozengracht in the autumn of 1938. They started to manufacture women's and children's skirts. Her father was a poulterer by profession. He was arrested on 30 June 1942 for selling eggs fraudulently and had to stay in the office until he was picked up by someone from the Jewish Affairs Office.
On 9 July 1942 Helma married Fritz Gert Schäfer, a cousin of her mother's, who came to live with them after the Werkdorp was evacuated on 20 March 1941. Less than two months later Helma was put on transport and was killed immediately upon arrival on 31 August 1942. Her husband Fritz Schäfer went on the same transport as Helma. Upon arrival, he was selected for forced labour and was killed nine months later.
Gustav, Helma's father, together with his second wife, went on transport on 25 May 1943 and both were killed immediately upon arrival in Sobibor. Johanna, Helma's mother, was arrested in Amsterdam on 10 February 1943 and deported to Vught camp. Ten days later she was transferred to camp Westerbork. Three days later she was transported to Auschwitz, where she was murdered immediately upon arrival.
Johanna Levy-Schäfer * 25-09-1883 in Berlijn † 26-02-1943 in Auschwitz and
Gustav Levy * 26-03-1877 in Frechen † 28-05-1943 in Sobibor
Berlin (Wilmersdorf), Kurfürstendam 127
Amsterdam, Orteliusstraat 167-hs
Amsterdam, Rozengracht 13-hs
Deportation to Camp Westerbork
Deportation to Auschwitz


text:
Lithocarpus calolepis Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – gatunek roślin z rodziny bukowatych (Fagaceae Dumort.). Występuje naturalnie w południowych Chinach – w południowo-wschodnim Junnanie.

Morfologia
 Pokrój Zimozielone drzewo dorastające do 15 m wysokości.
 Liście Blaszka liściowa ma lancetowaty kształt. Mierzy 8–15 cm długości oraz 2,5–5 cm szerokości, jest całobrzega, ma klinową nasadę i spiczasty wierzchołek. Ogonek liściowy jest owłosiony i ma 10–25 mm długości.
 Owoce Orzechy o kulistym kształcie, dorastają do 20–25 mm średnicy. Osadzone są pojedynczo w talerzowatych miseczkach, które mierzą 18–25 mm średnicy.

Biologia i ekologia
Rośnie w lasach mieszanych. Występuje na wysokości od 1000 do 1800 m n.p.m. Kwitnie od maja do czerwca, natomiast owoce dojrzewają od października do listopada.

Przypisy

Bukowate


text:
Home Home & Office Networking Mobile Carriers
BT broadband customers hit by internet access double whammy
Third-party peering problems mean pages load at a snail's pace for some, while copper cable thefts shoot down internet and phone service for others.
Written by Ben Woods, Contributor on Oct. 10, 2012
Many BT broadband customers are seeing extremely slow-loading web pages, and some have no access to the internet at all, after the company was hit with a double-whammy of incidents.
The lack of speed is related to a problem with third-party peering, which is the way connections between ISPs and content providers are handled, while the loss of connectivity is down to copper cable theft, BT confirmed on Wednesday.
The first issue was first spotted on Friday, when people on BT's community forums began complaining of significant packet loss and snail-like page loading speeds when connecting to a variety of sites, including those based in the UK and the US.
"Who else is getting major packet loss to various US websites including Twitter.com?" said forum member 'Al2k4'. "The 61-percent packet loss is causing the internet to slow down to a crawl."
"I have pinged from an external machine and all seems fine there, what is going on?" the user asked. "This is on BT Infinity."
According to BT, though, the slowdown is not specific to its services but arises from a peering issue with an external connectivity provider.
"We are aware that some customers are having trouble accessing some websites and online services," a BT spokesman told ZDNet. "This is due to an issue with a peering network beyond BT's service boundary. Our support team is working with a third party to resolve the issue ASAP."
BT's peering provider is Above.net, now owned by US-based Zayo. It has more than 1,000 direct and indirect peering relationships with companies and media providers around the world, including Twitter, Vodafone, Virgin Media, TalkTalk and the BBC.
However, Virgin Media and TalkTalk said they have not received any peering complaints. Above.net did not respond to a request for comment by the time of writing.
Copper cable theft
The second issue — unrelated to the peering problem — has left a number of BT's customers unable to access the internet at all as the result of a suspected copper cable theft.
BT could not say how many customers have lost service, but 13 exchanges are affected, according to the company's own status tracker.
The internet outage began at around midday on Monday and is still going on. The exchanges and dialling codes hit are:
Theydon Bois - 01992
York - 01904
Hammersmith - 02087
Cheddington - 01296
Euston - 0201, 0203, 0207
Holmewood - 01246
Camaes Bay - 01407
Shoreham - 012734
Llanfairfechan - 01342
Copthorne - 01342
Aylesbury - 01296
Wrexham - 01798
Garvagh - 02829
Naturally, given the removal of copper cabling from the ground, BT's telephone customers served by these exchanges are also experiencing problems.
Cable theft continues to plague BT and cause a significant amount of downtime each year, with police involved in investigating the crimes.
"Attacks on BT's network generate tens of thousands of faults each year. BT works with local police forces, the Serious Organised Crime Agency and British Transport Police to catch cable theft criminals," the company said in a statement earlier in the year.
"The numbers of arrests related to BT cable theft are continuing to rise, with 485 arrests in 2011/12 compared to 446 in the previous year."
Australian law firms team up to seek compensation for Medibank data breach
T-Mobile reports another data breach, impacting 37 million customers
Slow internet at home? This adapter turns unused coaxial cable into Ethernet


Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add oil. Add sausage to pan; cook until browned, stirring to crumble. Add onion; sauté 3 minutes. Add tomato paste and garlic; cook 1 minute, stirring frequently. Add wine; cook 1-3 minutes, scraping pan to loosen browned bits. Stir in stock and next 5 ingredients (through beans); reduce heat to medium-low and simmer 8-10 minutes or until slightly thickened. Stir in oregano. Serve with Polenta.
Bring water and salt to boil; gradually stir in cornmeal. Reduce heat and simmer gently, stirring frequently to prevent sticking, until mixture is very thick, about 30 minutes. Stir in butter, salt, Parmesan and rosemary.


text:
package aspect

import (
	"testing"
)

func TestInventory(t *testing.T) {
	// not much we can do here, just call and make sure it doesn't crash
	// and that we get something back...
	inventory := Inventory()

	if len(inventory.Preprocess) == 0 {
		t.Error("Got 0 PreprocessManagers, wanted positive number")
	}

	if len(inventory.Check) == 0 {
		t.Error("Expecting some managers for Check, got 0")
	}

	if len(inventory.Report) == 0 {
		t.Error("Expecting some managers for Repor, got 0")
	}

	if len(inventory.Quota) == 0 {
		t.Error("Expecting some managers for Quota, got 0")
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Carriera

Club
Dopo aver cominciato a giocare in patria con l'Akwa United, passa all'Heartland con cui gioca 4 partite da titolare nella CAF Champions League. Si trasferisce quindi ai tunisini dell'Étoile du Sahel che nel 2011 lo cedono in prestito ai libici dell'Al Nasr Benghazi. Nel gennaio del 2012 si trasferisce alla squadra francese del Sochaux. Nel 2013 passa ai belgi del Woluwe.

Nazionale
Con la nazionale Under-17 ha preso parte ai Mondiali di categoria del 2007, mentre con l'Under-20 ha preso parte ai Mondiali del 2009.

Palmarès

Club

Competizioni nazionali

Étoile du Sahel: 2011-2012

Collegamenti esterni


text:
'); /* jQuery("#menu-td-demo-header-menu-1").click(function(){ if(menuclose == true){ jQuery(".td-header-menu-wrap-full").css("height","96px"); jQuery("#menu-td-demo-header-menu-1").css("overflow","visible"); jQuery("#menu-td-demo-header-menu-1").css("height","auto"); menuclose = false; } else if(menuclose == false){ jQuery(".td-header-menu-wrap-full").css("height","50px"); jQuery("#menu-td-demo-header-menu-1").css("overflow","hidden"); jQuery("#menu-td-demo-header-menu-1").css("height","50px"); menuclose = true; } }) */ });
January 18, 2021 | ePaper | SignIn
81-year-old Sikh feeds 2 mn on remote Maha highway
BABA KARNAIL SINGH KHERA, 81. Ready to serve, 24x7. At the 'Guru ka langar' on highway in Yavatmal. Source:IANS
BY QUAID NAJMI
Yavatmal (Maharashtra), May 31 (IANS) Since the past over two months of lockdown, thousands of bus, trucks, tempos and other vehicles passing near Karanji on National Highway-7 make it a point to halt at a ramshackle tin shed with plastic sheets, beside the dry and dusty road.
This is the only spot on a stretch of around 450 kms where a decent meal is available – free of cost – courtesy the services of Baba Karnail Singh Khaira, who is revered as Khaira Babaji in the region.
"This is a remote, tribal region. Behind us for nearly 150-km, and ahead for nearly 300 km, there's not a single dhaba or restaurant… So most people prefer to halt at 'Guru ka langar' and avail of our round-the-clock services," Khaira Babaji told IANS.
A simple ochre-color board indicates 'Gurudwara Sahib', and 'Dera Kar Seva Gurudwara Langar Sahib', this tiny 'Guru ka langar' is linked with the historic Gurudwara Bhagod Sahib, Wai, located around 11 km away in a forested area, visited mostly by Sikhs.
It was the spot where the 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh had stayed in 1705, while en route to Nanded, some 250 km away, where he was assassinated on October 7, 1708. Nearly 125 years later, it bloomed as the world-famous 'Gurudwara Takht Hazuri Sahib Sachkhand' (Nanded), one of the Five Takhts in Sikhism.
"Since the Gurudwara Bhagod Sahib is away from the main road, in 1988 (32 years ago), this free 'langar' came up here as its branch. I was assigned to manage it with the blessings and guidance of Nanded Gurudwara Sahib's Baba Narinder Singhji and Baba Balwinder Singhji," said Khaira Baba.
A regular 'langar' for years, it was only from the March 24 lockdown that it became a saviour for thousands of hungry people including stranded migrants, travelers, truckers and villagers.
"We had hordes of people coming daily and we kept continuously cooking food for them… We welcomed all with smiles and folded hands, irrespective of caste, religion… My regular team of 17 'sevaks', including 11 cooks and other helpers were overworked, but ensured a non-stop supply of fresh, piping hot food," Khaira Baba said.
Luckily, his youngest brother Baba Gurbax Singh Khaira, 67, settled in New Jersey, USA, has pitched in with huge donations from the local (USA) Sikh community and Pandharkawada philanthropists like Pawanjit Kapoor, Salim Jetani or Kishore Tiwari, to keep the 'Guru ka langar' fires burning during lockdown.
The services include breakfast of tea with hard bread or biscuits, and all meals are plain rice with tuvar dal, aloo-vadi and aloo vanga, and providing soap and borewell water for bathing to the weary visitors.
Based on the number of disposable plates in which the crowds were served, Khaira Baba was himself astounded to learn that more than 15 lakh people were fed in the past 10 weeks, plus more than five lakhs took away parcels from the 'langar', and still counting.
Another unique aspect here is feeding chapati-jaggery daily to around 250 dogs, plus cats, stray cattle and other mute animals in the vicinity grappling with a hunger crisis in lockdown.
"I was born in Meerut (Uttar Pradesh), but left home at the age of 11 to answer 'a mysterious call for service to humankind', as a kid, I helped build a bridge on River Godavari here…," he said, offering a peek into his background.
Later, he lived in the Middle-East countries for around four years and spent another five years in Germany and other European countries organising funds for Gurudwara 'langars' and other services.
"Though illiterate, I speak fluent English, Hindi, Punjabi, Arabic, Dutch and German, besides of course, Marathi," Khaira Baba smiled with a tinge of pride.
When asked what motivates him to sit in the blazing sun with barely anybody to even talk with, Khaira Baba points at the sky and says: "It's the 'marzi' (will) of Wahe Guru… We are only his instruments in the service to humanity. See, three vehicles are donated by devotees to this 'langar'…but my only belongings on earth are the three sets of clothes, I live and sleep here, eat the same food served to the people," he said softly.
The 'Guru ka langar' has kept two donation boxes outside in which people offer as per their desire and capacity, but it is never counted and the money is again ploughed back into the 'langar'.
Saturday was a big day when Khaira Baba personally served 'sherbet' to all the people as part of the month-long ceremonies to mark the 414th anniversary of martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev, the Fifth Sikh Guru, on May 30, 1606.
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