text:
Year : 2021 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 3 | Page : 313--319
Antibiotic resistance, phylogenetic group, and genotyping investigation in Escherichia coli strains of gut flora in patients with colorectal cancer in Iranian population
Mahsa Mirzarazi1, Mojgan Bandehpour1, Ali Hashemi2, Mahmoud Vahidi3, Afsoon Taghavi4, Soroor Bashiri4, Bahram Kazemi5,
1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Dr. Mojgan Bandehpour
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Background: According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer in Iran. The population of Escherichia coli strains of the B2 phylogenetic group as one of the components of gut microbiota is increased in the gut of people with CRC and can also play a role in the process of cancerous intestinal cells or malignancy. The most common concern about treating infections and their association with cancer is multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods: In this study, stool samples of 20 patients with CRC were examined for sensitivity to 9 antibiotics and their genotypes were determined. Results: More than 90% of the isolates were MDR. Although among 20 isolates of E. coli gut flora in CRC patients, 11 (55%), 7 (35%), 0 (0%), and 2 (10%) strains belonged to phylogenetic groups B2, D, B1, and A, respectively. Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between the B2 phylogenetic group and MDR. Furthermore, the closeness of the species based on >90% similarity, seven clusters were observed that among five clusters, similarities were observed in terms of the phylogenetic group.
Mirzarazi M, Bandehpour M, Hashemi A, Vahidi M, Taghavi A, Bashiri S, Kazemi B. Antibiotic resistance, phylogenetic group, and genotyping investigation in Escherichia coli strains of gut flora in patients with colorectal cancer in Iranian population.Biomed Biotechnol Res J 2021;5:313-319
Mirzarazi M, Bandehpour M, Hashemi A, Vahidi M, Taghavi A, Bashiri S, Kazemi B. Antibiotic resistance, phylogenetic group, and genotyping investigation in Escherichia coli strains of gut flora in patients with colorectal cancer in Iranian population. Biomed Biotechnol Res J [serial online] 2021 [cited 2022 Jan 18 ];5:313-319
Available from: https://www.bmbtrj.org/text.asp?2021/5/3/313/325611
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer in the world and Iran too. Unfortunately each year in the world, 1.36 million people are involved with this cancer.[1],[2] According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of CRC is 9% and the mortality rate is 7.4%[3] in Iran. It has been shown that a change in the diversity of the intestinal microbes, such as the Escherichia coli (E. coli) population or the digestive dysbiosis, can also play a role in the process of becoming cancerous intestinal cells or malignancy.[1],[2] According to other studies, the population of E. coli strains is increased in the gut of people with CRC in comparison with healthy people, which belonged to B2 phylogenetic group.[4],[5] On the other hand for all researchers in the world of medicine, it is clear that antibiotic resistance is a serious problem for health. Overdose of antibiotic consumption throughout one's life is one of the causes of this problem.[6],[7] Certainly, concerning antibiotic resistance, the most widespread concern is the multidrug resistance (MDR), which is a risk factor for human life at the time of bacterial infection.[6],[8] It seems that in the next 30 years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria will be the most common cause of death in humans compared to cancer. It is important to note, the big family of Enterobacteriaceae has a critical role in this problem.[8] Since antibiotic resistance-inducer genes are transferable between the Enterobacteriaceae family and different E. coli strains.[8],[9] Therefore, it is reasonable to evaluate antibiotic resistance bacteria among intestinal flora such as E. coli. Our study aimed to investigate the MDR E. coli from people who have CRC and healthy ones, and determine phylogenetic groups, and genotype isolates.
Sample collection and isolation of bacteria
All sampling principles are observed and stool samples were taken from patients and healthy individuals with full verbal satisfaction and in some cases hospitalized patients were written([Code of Ethics: IR SBMU.RETECH.REC.1398.028]. To identify bacterial agents, from 20 people (9 females and 11 males) who were referred to health centers of University of Medical Sciences and the pathologist diagnosed CRC during colonoscopy, stool samples were collected before any treatment. Samples were cultured on a MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar (Merck, Germany) plates by the standard loop and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Stand to reason that, to use statistical analysis and comparison of isolates of E. coli from people who have CRC with E. coli isolated from healthy people, stool sampling was necessary from them. Thus, stools of 50 (25 females and 25 males) people who were sure of their health and did not show the symptoms and any relevance of the disease were collected, similar to the patient's feces, they were cultured and isolated. It should be noted that all healthy and patient people received a questionnaire asking questions about annual the amount of antibiotic intake.
In our study, all isolated bacterial DNAs were extracted with the phenol–chloroform protocol.[10] Closely with the use of spectrophotometry and measuring the ratio of 260 nm to 280 nm, extracted DNA absorbance was considered and all samples that their absorbance ratio was 1.8–2 were considered as a pure DNA.
Molecular confirmation for Escherichia coli strains
By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and sequencing of the uspA (Universal stress protein-coding) gene, this is possible that conclusively all isolated samples were E. coli strains.[11],[12] The nuleotide sequence of primers and PCR condition were shown in [Table 1].{Table 1}
Phylogenetic groups of the isolated Escherichia coli strains
In this study, phylogenetic groups of all E. coli isolated from the bacterial flora were investigated with PCR performing for chuA (outer membrane hemin receptor ChuA), YjaA (Stress response protein) stress response protein, and TspE4C2 (tail-specific protease) genes [Table 1].[13],[14] Demonstrably isolates that have chuA were divided into B2 or D phylogenetic groups and that which have not this gene were divided into B1 or A phylogenetic groups [Figure 1].{Figure 1}
Antibiotic susceptibility test
Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for 9 antibiotics that are most commonly used and had a report of most resistance to them for pathogenic E. coli strains.[6],[16] Briefly, colonies were taken from overnight growth on 5% sheep blood agar (16–20 h, at 35°C) and suspended in Mueller–Hinton broth (Merck, Germany). The turbidity of the suspensions was adjusted to an equivalent 0.5 McFarland. The suspensions were used to inoculate on Mueller–Hinton agar (Merck, Germany) plates. Sulfamethoxazole (SXT), tetracycline (TE), ciprofloxacin (CP), amoxicillin (AMX), nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin (AM), ceftazidime (CAZ), and kanamycin A (Padtan Teb, Iran) disks were placed on Mueller–Hinton agar. The cultures were incubated at 35°C for 16–20 h. and then, the inhibition zone was measured and compared with data of inhibition zones of test cultures by CLSI. Data were interpreted by the percent of susceptible, intermediate, or resistant isolates as defined by CLSI breakpoint interpretative criteria.[12] E. coli American Type Culture Collection 25922 was used as a quality control strain for disk diffusion.
Molecular genotyping by rep-polymerase chain reaction (box polymerase chain reaction) for Escherichia coli strains
In this study, repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) was performed for all of the samples with the single primer BoxA1R.[15],[17] The nucleotide sequence of primers and temperature conditions were prepared, as shown in [Table 1]. The PCR products were loaded on the 1.5% agarose gel. To determine the proximity of species, rep-PCR profiles were analyzed by GelCompar II software, version 4.0 (Applied Maths, Belgium). In this software, type analysis was performed based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean at 90% similarity level. Similarity level based on dice, optimization 1%, and position tolerance 1%.[15],[18]
In this study, for data analysis, the independent samples t-test, Pearson Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test were performed by SPSS software version 16.0. (IBM SPSS software version 16.0).
The study was approved by Scientific Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .Under Ethics codes of IR SBMU.RETECH.REC.1398.028.
The uspA gene amplification
By the uspA gene fragment amplification and sequencing, it was confirmed that all of the 70 isolates of bacteria from the control and patient groups were E. coli.
Isolated Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups
As seen in [Figure 2] and [Figure 3], using standard PCR methods for three genes that were explained above, it was identified among 20 isolates of gut flora E. coli strains in patients with CRC, 11 (55%), 7 (35%), 0 (0%), and 2 (10%) strains belonged to phylogenetic groups B2, D, B1, and A, respectively. Concerning the 50 commensal E. coli isolates of healthy groups, 13 (26%), 12 (24%), 5 (10%) and 20 (40%) bacteria were allocated into B2, D, B1, and A groups, respectively. It is worth noting that a comparison of phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates and division into two groups was significant (P = 0.02). Hence, we can say that the prevalence of E. coli with phylogenetic group B2 is higher in people with CRC certainly. It should be noted that in both of the control and patients groups, respectively, 3 (6%) and 6 (30%) of E. coli strains belonged to the B2 phylogenetic group, isolated from people who had first- and second-degree family members with types of cancer precedent. This difference was statistically significant P < 0.05.{Figure 2}{Figure 3}
Categorization of the patient and healthy groups based on susceptibility to antibiotics
We have created four categories by people answering to questionnaire about antibiotic intake per year: (1) people who had no consumption ever, (2) people who had one or two times consumption, (3) people who had two or three times consumption, and (4) people who had more than three times consumption.
According to this grouping, in the healthy group, 17 (34%), 27 (55%), 5 (10%), and 1 (2%) of members were belonging to 1, 2, 3, and 4 categories, respectively.
Furthermore, with this arrangement in the CRC group, 6 (34%), 11 (55%), 0 (0%), and 3 (15%) of individuals were categorized. As inserted in [Table 2], among the isolates of the healthy group, the first place for the most sensitivity and resistance in order belonged to CP and AM. While in the other group, utmost sensitivity and resistance were for CAZ and SXT, respectively. As well as, in the two groups that were before mentioned, statistical differences in the abundance of resistance to all antibiotics, except TE and ceftazidime, were significant. According to the diagram that is drawn based on [Figure 4], the frequency of nondrug resistance isolates from healthy individuals and patients was 4 (8%) and 1 (5%), respectively. Among these isolates, sensitivity to total antibiotics was only in strains that isolated from healthy individuals. Also depending on whether the strains are resistant to how many antibiotics or not, for both of the groups, the strains were divided into nine categories and the large differences between the two groups were significant in most categories.{Table 2}{Figure 4}
Molecular genotyping
The rep-PCR products were loaded on the 1.5% agarose gel for 1.5–2 h with voltage 95 [Figure 5].{Figure 5}
By Gelcompar II software, Dendro Gram was drawn for both groups of CRC and control together, respectively [Figure 6]. Therefore it was made possible that the closeness of the isolates in each group individually investigated. Moreover, in all Dendro Grams, the isolates were named not only based on being in the normal and CRC groups but also based on phylogenetic groups. So that in the next stages of this study, we can assay the closeness of species accordingly. According to [Figure 6], an attempt was made to checking the dendrogram based on >90% similarity. Accordingly, seven clusters were observed and marked with a red rectangle. According to [Table 3], out of seven clusters, three cases are related to the isolates of the control group and four cases are related to the isolates of the CRC group. Therefore, it was observed that although the number of isolates in the control group was more than the other group, the number of clusters that are genetically related to each other was higher in the CRC group.{Figure 6}{Table 3}
E. coli strains are categorized into four phylogenetic groups as B2, D, B1, and A that have the most virulence gene.[13],[14] Because of what was mentioned before, consideration of E. coli strains in the gut of CRC patients was important in terms of the antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic group, especially that generally people with cancer are more disposed to E. coli infections such as urinary tract infection.[12],[13],[19] In this study, more than half of the E. coli strains of CRC patients were categorized in the B2 phylogenetic group (55%). Although compared to a similar study in the United States of America, it has been reported 73.7%.[20] In another study in France over a decade even in healthy people, E. coli of gut flora which belonged to the B2 phylogenetic group has gone up.[21] These data were notable but in our study fortunately in comparison with our other research in 2015, there was no noticeable change in the percentage of this phylogenetic group for the strains of bacterial flora in healthy individuals.[13] As mentioned in the results of the antibiogram test, in the control group, the most resistance to antibiotics was correlated to AM (88%) and AMX (76%). However, this resistance was observed among similar strains in the patient group. These antibiotics are classified in the penicillin family antibiotics and are commonly prescribed or even used arbitrarily by most people.[21],[22] Therefore, increasing the antibiotic resistance in this family can be predicted even among commensal E. coli strains. However, in this study, the percentage of AM resistance of intestinal flora strains of healthy individuals was further than the other studies.[21],[23] SXT is another common antibiotic that was used.[12],[22] In this research, among E. coli strains that isolated from the intestinal flora of people with CRC, the most antibiotic resistance was observed for this antibiotic (95%). It is important to note that resistance to SXT in the CRC group was more than the pathogenic strains in another study that was 58%.[12] This resemblance could raise the question that, as most commensal E. coli strains in people with CRC, similar to most pathogenic strains of the bacterium belongs to the B2 phylogenetic group, whether the pattern of antibiotics resistance of these strains is similar to pathogenic strains?
Resistance to TE, in both of the healthy and patient groups, was observed, but, despite some studies, there was no significant relationship between the percentage of resistance to TE (10% in fecal strains, 20% in pathogenic strains) in both the groups.[23] What is certain, this study alike other relevant studies, reported an increasing trend in resistance to common antibiotics, even among commensal strains, which is certainly worrying. More than 90% of the isolates in both of the control and CRC groups were MDR, that is, the abundance was similar to the abundance of the pathogenic strains of this bacterium in another research.[24] However, according to another study about the antibiotic-resistant normal flora strains, the estimated MDR bacteria were lower.[21] Under the contents of our results, there was no significant relationship between antibiotic intake and MDR in both the groups. Also strangely unlike a similar study on the commensal strains of E. coli, there was no significant association between the abundance of phylogenetic group B2 and MDR;[21] in fact, of the 13 isolates from the control group and 11 isolates from the patient group which belonged to the B2 phylogenetic group, 12 and 10 isolates were MDR, respectively. Howbeit, it was possible, as in some studies,[19],[25] to investigate the association of this phylogenetic group with the frequency of resistance to each antibiotic. But for us, the issue of MDR was more important because resistance to multiple antibiotics is problematic and worrying.[6],[9] Anyhow it should be mentioned, investigation about the antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic groups of this bacterium are important. Regarding the genotyping section, it should be mentioned, rep-PCR is one of the most common techniques for investigating the genetic closeness of bacteria including E. coli.[26],[27],[28] In most studies on this bacterium, dendrograms were investigated based on different similarity percentages, videlicet in a study, dendrogram was analyzed based on >75% similarity.[26] In another one, despite the analysis based on >95% similarity, no association was seen between genetic closeness and the factors considered in that study.[27] It is interesting that similar results in another study with analysis based on >80% similarity were seen too.[28] Based on the mentioned in the results section, seven clusters were observed. The relationship between the phylogenetic groups and MDR with species similarity was considered too. In five clusters (3 cases in the CRC group and 2 cases in the control group), the isolates had a similar phylogenetic group. In addition, MDR was similar in only two clusters (one cluster in the CRC group and one cluster in the control group).
More than half of the E. coli commensal population in CRC patients were categorized in the B2 phylogenetic group (55%). In the control group, the most resistance to antibiotics was correlated to AM and AMX. However, this resistance was observed among similar strains in the patient group.
All sampling principles were observed and stool samples were taken from patients and healthy individuals with full verbal satisfaction and in some cases, hospitalized patients were written.
The authors would like to thank the staff of Cellular and Molecular Research Center at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
This work was supported by the Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [NO -1398/10467]. We also appreciate the staff of the Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center and Departments of Medical Biotechnology and also Microbiology at the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
1 Lucas C, Barnich N, Nguyen HT. Microbiota, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18:1310.
2 Han S, Gao J, Zhou Q, Liu S, Wen C, Yang X. Role of intestinal flora in colorectal cancer from the metabolite perspective: A systematic review. Cancer Manag Res 2018;10:199-206.
3 World Health Organization. Most Common Cancer Cases in IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF. Available from: https://www.who.int/cancer/country-profiles/IRN_2020.pdf?ua=1. [Last accessed on 2020 Jan 01].
4 Wassenaar TM. E. coli and colorectal cancer: A complex relationship that deserves a critical mindset. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018;44:619-32.
5 Yu J, Feng Q, Wong SH, Zhang D, Liang QY, Qin Y, et al. Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Gut 2017;66:70-8.
6 Pormohammad A, Nasiri MJ, Azimi T. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains simultaneously isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Drug Resist 2019;12:1181-97.
7 Jones-Dias D, Carvalho AS, Moura IB, Manageiro V, Igrejas G, Caniça M, et al. Quantitative proteome analysis of an antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli exposed to tetracycline reveals multiple affected metabolic and peptidoglycan processes. J Proteomics 2017;156:20-8.
8 Hagbø M, Ravi A, Angell IL, Sunde M, Ludvigsen J, Diep DB, et al. Experimental support for multidrug resistance transfer potential in the preterm infant gut microbiota. Pediatr Res 2020;88:57-65.
9 Lambrecht E, Van Coillie E, Van Meervenne E, Boon N, Heyndrickx M, Van de Wiele T. Commensal E. coli rapidly transfer antibiotic resistance genes to human intestinal microbiota in the Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (M-SHIME). J Food Microbiol 2019;311:108357.
10 Abdelhai MH. Comparative study of rapid DNA extraction methods of pathogenic bacteria. J Biosci Bioeng 2016;4:1-8.
11 Mishra AK, Singh DD, Kumarsen G, Gupta G, Sharma N, Kumar N, et al. UspA gene based characterization of escherichia coli strains isolated from different disease conditions in goats. J Anim Res 2017;7:1123-8.
12 Mirzarazi M, Rezatofighi SE, Pourmahdi M, Mohajeri MR. Antibiotic resistance of isolated gram negative bacteria from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Isfahan. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013;6:e6883.
13 Mirzarazi M, Rezatofighi SE, Pourmahdi M, Mohajeri MR. Occurrence of genes encoding enterotoxins in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2015;46:155-9.
14 Jajarmi M, Ghanbarpour R, Sharifi H, Golchin M. Distribution pattern of EcoR phylogenetic groups among shiga toxin-producing and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from healthy goats. Int J Enteric Pathog 2015;3:e27971.
15 Gupta M, Didwal G, Bansal S, Kaushal K, Batra N, Gautam V, et al. Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in healthy gut flora: A report from north Indian semiurban community. Indian J Med Res 2019;149:276-80.
16 Bostanghadiri N, Ghalavand Z, Fallah F, Yadegar A, Ardebili A, Tarashi S, et al. Characterization of phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains isolated from selected hospitals in Iran. Front Microbiol 2019;10:1191.
17 Yang A, Yen C. PCR optimization of BOX-A1R PCR for microbial source tracking of Escherichia coli in waterways. JEMI 2012;16:85-9.
18 Carlos C, Alexandrino F, Stoppe NC, Sato MI, Ottoboni LM. Use of Escherichia coli BOX-PCR fingerprints to identify sources of fecal contamination of water bodies in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Environ Manage 2012;93:38-43.
19 Mahmoud AT, Salim MT, Ibrahem RA, Gabr A, Halby HM. Multiple drug resistance patterns in various phylogenetic groups of hospital-acquired uropathogenic E. coli isolated from cancer patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020;9:108.
20 Buc E, Dubois D, Sauvanet P, Raisch J, Delmas J, Darfeuille-Michaud A, et al. High prevalence of mucosa-associated E. coli producing cyclomodulin and genotoxin in colon cancer. PLoS One 2013;8:e56964.
21 Massot M, Daubié AS, Clermont O, Jauréguy F, Couffignal C, Dahbi G, et al. Phylogenetic, virulence and antibiotic resistance characteristics of commensal strain populations of Escherichia coli from community subjects in the Paris area in 2010 and evolution over 30 years. Microbiology (Reading) 2016;162:642-50.
22 Bozcal E, Eldem V, Aydemir S, Skurnik M. The relationship between phylogenetic classification, virulence and antibiotic resistance of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in Izmir province, Turkey. Peer J 2018;6:e5470.
23 Karami N, Wold AE, Adlerberth I. Antibiotic resistance is linked to carriage of papC and iutA virulence genes and phylogenetic group D background in commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli from infants and young children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017;36:721-9.
24 Yilmaz ES, Aslantas O. Phylogenetic Group/Subgroups Distributions, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains from urinary tract infections in hatay. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020;53:e20190429.
25 Paniagua-Contreras GL, Monroy-Pérez E, Bautista A, Reyes R, Vicente A, Vaca-Paniagua F, et al. Multiple antibiotic resistances and virulence markers of uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Mexico. Pathog Glob Health 2018;112:415-20.
26 Ranjbar R, Pezeshknejad P, Khamesipour F, Amini K, Kheiri R. Genomic fingerprints of Escherichia coli strains isolated from surface water in Alborz province, Iran. BMC Res Notes 2017;10:295.
27 Pillonetto M, Mazzetti A, Becker GN, Siebra CA, Arend LN, Barth AL. Low level of polymyxin resistance among nonclonal mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli from human sources in Brazil. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019;93:140-2.
28 Bakhshi M, Zandi H, Bafghi MF, Astani A, Ranjbar VR, Vakili M. A survey for phylogenetic relationship; presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of avian pathogenic and uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and humans in Yazd, Iran. Gene Rep 2020;20:100725.


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Why @kattimpf is Wrong about @justinamash
N.B. — Sometime between when I accessed Timpf's referenced story, and after I posted mine, the story at NRO updated. The content didn't shift much, but some of the stridency of tone amped down and the H2 subhead changed. There was no editor's note indicating a change from the version as published the day before, however.
Edit — the paragraph after "two complexifying factors" was modified to change verb tense throughout, to better represent Amash's stance as a now-former Republican.
In a January 17 piece published on NationalReview.com, NRO reporter Kat Timpf claims that major funders of U.S. Rep. Justin Amash (I, MI-3) have backed away from Amash, and that this behavior proves that "there is no place for an independent in politics" and that because "Amash makes his political decisions based only on his principles," the fact that he's being de-funded is proof that "the people in power over us are not interested in searching for the truth."
Myriad substantive questions about politics, ideology and pragmatism weave through The Annals of Amash MMXIX—indeed, throughout the man's entire Washington career. I suspect a book-length treatment might actually make for compelling reading, but even in the short-opinion-journalism realm of NR and NRO, readers deserve a more intellectually honest treatment of Amash's complicated story than what Timpf's piece provides.
I'm a fan of Timpf and, on the whole, I enjoy her work. It distresses me, though, that with this Amash story, she saw fit to focus on FreedomWorks, Club for Growth and the DeVos family without any recourse whatsoever to the people who actually cast ballots in the Third District. Did it not occur to her that other stakeholders matter and might therefore create a feedback loop to FreedomWorks, Club for Growth or the DeVos family? Did she not realize that the Chamber has long opposed Amash? Perhaps, despite her Detroit heritage, she didn't enjoy access to boots-on-the-ground Republicans in West Michigan through whom she might have done some on-the-record reporting. Maybe Jay Nordlinger could have lent his Rolodex.
So contra the hints that Amash is some wise, noble leader "guided by something greater than the thoughtless partisan hackery" that suddenly infested FreedomWorks, Club for Growth and the DeVos family starting the day before yesterday, I'd like to lay out a series of reasons why Amash has never been an effective steward of the interests of the Third Congressional District.
My comments follow from the perspective of a lifelong resident of the Grand Rapids metro area and as a person who's repeatedly won election as a precinct delegate, state convention delegate and even (two terms) a member of the Kent County Republican Executive Committee. In other words, as Amash's constituent. These comments are my own and do not reflect the opinions of local Republican leaders or the county party as a whole.
Contra Amash
So, five specific arguments. Buckle up.
Background: Amash has never been especially popular with local Republicans.
In the 2010 race to succeed retiring Rep. Vern Ehlers, Amash earned 40.4 percent of the vote in a five-way primary. That result was good for first place, but the conventional wisdom at the time was that the next two figures (Bill Hardiman and Steve Heacock) were stronger candidates; they ended up splitting the "business establishment" vote roughly evenly.
One reason Amash succeeded in 2010 stems from a nexus between the Kent County Republicans and the College Republicans at Grand Valley State University, who've consistently taken a more libertarian worldview than rank-and-file precinct delegates across the district. Those CRs, in turn, tended to be the people door-to-door canvassing and even working as interns or paid employees of the county and state party. Amash didn't enter 2010 with incumbency (although he was a state representative at the time), but he came from substantial family money, early DeVos support and the support of a swath of ideologically committed quasi-libertarian door-knockers full of youthful enthusiasm. And all this, at the dawn of the Tea Party era, which would have elected a ham sandwich if it promised to cut the deficit. What's surprising isn't that Amash won a five-way race in those circumstances; what's surprising is that he only earned 40.4 percent despite these structural advantages. Had either Hardiman or Heacock withdrawn and all of his votes transferred to the other, Amash would have lost the primary in a landslide, because together, Hardiman and Heacock drew 51 percent of the vote. (Of course, elections don't work that cleanly, but if there had been only one conventional-wisdom candidate, it's easy to see pathways by which Amash never made it to Washington.)
The Gentleman from the Third District of Michigan didn't face a primary opponent in the presidential election year of 2012. In 2014, he beat businessman Brian Ellis, 57-43. Ellis was backed by several national groups frustrated with Amash's role in the Freedom Caucus and his public undermining of Speaker John Boehner. That primary was nasty enough that Amash famously refused to take Ellis's concession call. In part because of the Amash-Ellis grudge match and the outside money that flooded it, no one wanted to primary him in 2016 or 2018 despite several people expressing lukewarm interest. Yet despite all of his structural advantages including incumbency and big outside money and a litany of puff pieces from libertarian journalists inflating his national stature, Amash only netted 57 percent of the Republican vote in the Ellis primary.
Other considerations matter, too. Local Republicans aren't as sensitive about what the national groups are doing, but some local dignitaries exercise considerable sway. Not just the DeVos family, but also people like Peter Secchia—the U.S. Ambassador to Italy for Bush 41—and members of the Meijer family. And Ellis himself allegedly played a will-I-or-won't-I game with an eye toward a rematch that foreclosed realistic alternatives over the next two cycles. (He never put his hat in again, though.)
Timpf: "[T]he people in power over us are not interested in searching for the truth."
A clue about why Amash isn't quite as loved relates to his imperfect ideological fit for the district. Amash doesn't shy away from touting himself as a constitutional conservative who exercises fiscal restraint and believes in the separation of powers. Fine and well; on paper, I'm all in. But he also says and does other things that are inconsistent with the principles of the Republican base in his district.
For example, he voted present on bills defunding Planned Parenthood because he claimed that they were unconstitutional bills of attainder. Forget how obscure—and how subjective—his assertion landed. He told the displeased Michigan Right to Life that despite its revocation of his endorsement, he's the most pro-life member of Congress and that his votes were policy whereas their preferences were merely politics. It's like Sheldon Cooper Goes To Washington. Amash enjoys a rich history of well-actuallyism in lecturing the rubes on Facebook about hyper-technical aspects of the Constitution that justify him ignoring local priorities. If gaslighting RTL about being the most pro-life member of Congress represents searching for the truth, I dread to contemplate what a dishonest Amash might say or do.
(Relatedly, one is tempted to ask why, if he believed the defunding bills were unconstitutional, he voted present instead of nay as the Founders intended. Surely it wasn't political cowardice thwarting him searching for the truth?)
West Michigan is a deeply pragmatic place. Observers including Timothy P. Carney in his Alienated America: Why Some Places Thrive While Others Collapse and Salena Zito and Brian Todd in their The Great Revolt: Inside the Populist Coalition Reshaping American Politics have visited, inter alia, various West Michigan communities. They attest, as do others, that the region embodies a salt-of-the-earth Protestant Principle valuing hard work and straight talk. We're the home of Gerald R. Ford, for cryin' out loud. Our conservatism has always bent an ear toward justice, and our love of the Constitution is second to none.
We also expect that stuff gets done without needless drama, and we understand that the Constitution is a governing framework and not a part of the Dungeon Master's Guide. On one hand, most of us nod and smile when we're lectured about bills of attainder, as long as things get done. On the other hand, we don't welcome virtue-signaling over Constitutional arcana when the alternative is more dead babies (had his protest vote not been, as usual, utterly irrelevant, he'd have incurred a lot more back-home wrath over that situation). Amash's balancing act is more tolerated than loved.
Combine this incongruence with two complexifying factors.
First, he wasn't often present among the rank-and-file Republicans. As in, you never saw the guy. He rarely attended county executive-committee meetings. At state conventions, he mostly hid in the corner. When I was a College Republican at Western Michigan University, I saw Fred Upton all the time. When I volunteered on the youth committee in Ottawa County, I saw Pete Hoekstra all the time. As a member of the Kent County executive committee, I almost never saw Justin Amash—in fact, I see Bill Huizinga, whose district includes a nibble out of the side of Kent County, an order of magnitude more often than I saw Justin Amash. Maybe I'm not important enough to warrant the Congressman's attention. And that's fine and probably true. But when a broad swathe of precinct delegates thinks that your congressman thinks that you're not important enough—well. It's not clear why groups like FreedomWorks and Club for Growth should fund a candidate whose support among the rank-and-file local activists has always been softer than it looks. Especially now that Amash's reputation among stalwarts has been deeply poisoned by his blithely leaving the party that sacrificed so much for its long-absentee landlord.
Second, the considerable and uncritical fluffing he gets from libertarian-leaning journalists distorts a reasonable assessment of Amash's legacy. The running joke among some conservatives in Kent County is that we don't have a member of Congress, but rather we host the member representing the editorial board of Reason magazine. Timpf is on the record that she's a libertarian. She's also a journalist, with the NRO byline of reporter instead of columnist. Her suggesting that the libertarian-leaning Amash is "searching for the truth" comes off, tonally, like Sean Hannity "reporting" that Rudy Giuliani is "searching for the truth" in Ukraine.
Timpf: "Although Amash remains the most fiscally conservative member of Congress, his departure from the Republican party and support of impeachment have apparently made him a leper in the eyes of the exact same groups who claim to want to fight for fiscal responsibility."
Like it or not—and I very strongly don't like it—today's GOP structurally aligns with Trump-style populism that treats deficits with as much seriousness as Elizabeth Warren's Medicare For All plan does. Relatively few people care about the deficit and budgetary restraint in the current economic environment. It's surely to Amash's credit that he does, but it's not obvious why fiscal conservatism is the only lens that matters. Timpf surely understands that complex situations arise from, and result in, complex causal relationships. Distilling Amash's fall from grace as a sign that Club for Growth and FreedomWorks don't care about fiscal restraint is Vox-level concern trolling.
One thing that bugs people at home: Amash is perfectly willing to forego nine-tenths of a loaf if he can't have the whole thing. For example, he voted against Paul Ryan's budget program because he didn't think it went far enough. Regardless of one's sympathy for Amash's instinct on the matter, he was quite willing to be part of a cadre of House Republicans whose resistance to John Boehner and Paul Ryan forced the House to incorporate more Democratic demands to pass the House. In other words, active opposition led to a more strongly adverse outcome than merely accepting a partial victory would have. It's not clear why ideological inflexibility leading to worse fiscal outcomes is truly the mark of a fiscal conservative.
Timpf: "Like him or not, you really should respect the fact that Justin Amash makes his political decisions based only on his principles — which is truly refreshing in our hyper-partisan era."
If Justin Amash were truly the One Honest Man In Washington™, as he's so often deified by libertarian-leaning journalists, he wouldn't have voted present on the Planned Parenthood bills. Period. If he were a man of deep political integrity, he would have resigned his office before he resigned the party that sent him into office, freelancing against our will. I totally understand that he's come to an anti-Trump space. I don't own a #MAGA hat, so I get it. But surely Amash understands that for all practical purposes, he's deprived the people of the district with effective representation. It's not obvious which principles support a member of Congress undermining the voice of his district because he lacks the grace to resign when his own beliefs meaningfully evolve to contradict the beliefs of the people who elected you.
A principles-based approach to leadership aims to get the best possible result in light of your ideological lens. Amash has proven, time and again, that he'd rather be pure than effective. I understand why, tempermentally, some members of the libertarian-leaning commentariat would rather rhetorically liquidate the kulaks than nibble on half a loaf of bread. Ultimately—as Amash's own implosion has shown—inflexible ideology inevitably leads to the loss of even that half a loaf. If given the choice, I think most people in the district would rather eat something than gloat about nothing.
Timpf calls this rigidity principle. I think she and I entertain very different understandings of what that word entails.
Timpf: "[t]here is no place for an independent in politics."
Surely a political reporter has heard of a dude from the People's Republic of Vermont named Bernie Sanders. (She may have heard of Joe Lieberman, too. Or Ross Perot. Or Ralph Nader. Or Teddy Roosevelt's second go-around. Or even that one guy with the wooden dentures named George Washington.) I know what she meant, but what she meant, she didn't write.
Rhetorical precision matters.
Amash, In Perspective
The foregoing suggests, correctly, that I won't be at the head of the parade celebrating the legislative career of Justin Amash. Yet I'm not anti-Amash. I think he's done a better-than-average job and really does take his role seriously. I don't think he habitually lies about his beliefs, and he has the courage to stand up for his perspectives. These are all admirable yet rare traits for a congresscritter.
However, he's never been well-aligned to the zeitgeist of the district. Some of us back home have grown weary of the self-important thorn-in-the-side shtick so loudly trumpeted by Reason editors and their fellow travelers. Some of us back home have eaten our fill of arcane lectures about constitutional provisions that long since crumbled under the moss of desuetude. Some of us back home would rather see our political beliefs supported by our representative than to be told that our politics is subordinate to his policy.
Justin Amash left the Republican party and he abandoned the president that his district did—and still does—support. If he were truly the man of virtue that he and his disciples position him to be, he'd have resigned his office and simply stood again this November on the Libertarian ballot.
But power corrupts, and it corrupts most viciously those most convinced of their own far-seeing rectitude.
2019: A Year of Investment and Divestment
As themes go, 2019 presented a big one: Purposeful investment in new things and thoughtful divestment of old things.
A Thought About the Decline of Religious Participation
To arrest the decline in religious participation, I think churches must do something hard: They must reform from within, because from within is where the rot sources that drives this decline.
Business Development, Personal, Writing, Editing & Journalism
An Exercise in Plate Clearing
So what am I doing right now? I suppose I could call it, with a touch a mirth, a winter of hibernation.
An End-of-October Update
I'm spending my weekdays working and planning the delicate pax de deux of closing down a bunch of stuff that's currently on my plate while starting up other new things for 2020. Meanwhile, Sundays are reserved and my weight's dropping like a stone.
Catholics have it on good authority that man wasn't made for the sabbath, but sabbath for the man. Regardless of your own religious beliefs, there's an essential kernel of truth there that the atheists and the not-very-observant lose at their peril.
A Descent into Silence
Climatologically, October ranks sixth in terms of overall warmth in West Michigan, barely edging its closest rival, April. The decline of high temperatures, which peak mid-July, accelerates. Already, signs of the color turn dot the trees.
A Grand Excursion
Had a great opportunity today to take some mental-health time with my friend Scott. He and I kayaked 15 miles on the Grand River. We put in at Veteran's Boat Launch in Grandville and pulled out at Eastmanville Bayou. Basically, almost half-way between Grand Rapids and Lake Michigan. Perfect day for it. No bugs, nice […]
Mister Personality
A bit of self-knowledge goes a long way. But remember — tendencies in populations aren't prison sentences for individuals. You are more than your results.
Birthday Reflection, Part XLIII
Autumn began yesterday. I'm taking the season to hunker down. To be quiet. To do and to be and to fix.
Jason E. Gillikin, CPHQ, is a dual-career professional active in both the healthcare quality and the publishing industries.
When he's not working, he enjoys backcountry hiking, scuba diving, kayaking and amateur photography.
Gillikin earned a degree in moral philosophy and quantitative political science from Western Michigan University. He resides in Grand Rapids, Mich., with his two feline overlords.
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Music education begins in junior kindergarten and is taught sequentially through 5th grade. Lower school students have the opportunity to participate in two elective music programs: the before-school orchestra program and the 4th and 5th Grade Honor Choir, a selective vocal ensemble open to all 4th-5th graders by application only. Students sing alone and with others a varied repertoire of music. They learn to read and notate music. They study the biographies and music of historically significant composers, the music of a particular culture, as well as music from diverse styles, genres, and performing artists. They are challenged to understand relationships between music, the other arts, and disciplines out outside the arts, as well as its relation to history and culture.
All lower school students meet in art twice a week; kindergarten through 2nd grade meet for 45 minutes per session and grades 3-5 meet for one hour per session. Junior kindergarten students meet for one half-hour session per week to become familiar with classroom materials and routines. Lessons are structured around the elements of art (line, color, space, texture, value, shape, and form) and some of the principles of design (repetition/pattern and balance), which are taught with more intensity in the upper school. The elements and principles are studied in the context of master works of art from all continents. Student artistic production integrates knowledge and appreciation of these master works, while exploring and maintaining the importance of individual students' intentions and personal expression. Artistic production includes the major art forms: portrait, still life, landscape, and nonobjective, and allows students to work with a wide range of materials, including but not limited to pencil, ink, watercolor, tempera, collage, paper mâché, and ceramic clay.
A variety of student exhibits happen throughout the building during the school year, and all students junior kindergarten through 5th grade participate in a themed art show in the spring to highlight some of their best work. Home-school communication happens through the website Artsonia.com, where parents and students may view students' artwork online. Student artwork remains in a "digital portfolio," containing art projects completed in the classroom, cumulatively, throughout their years in the lower school. Parents and students are allowed to leave positive feedback via the website on all artwork displayed in the "galleries" at Artsonia.com.


This 1938 Knucklehead came from the son of the oldest Harley Dealer in France, Michel Borie, his father was Pierre Borie. Michel Borie took over the dealership from his father and had a shop in the Paris area. He had the engine displayed at his shop.
I was trying to buy the engine for years like many other people but he would not want to hear anything about it. A good friend of mine who had know known his father very well was approached by Michel towards the end of his life, when he was selling his dealership to a larger dealer and was sick. He said that he had the complete bike from his father and that he had been keeping it for himself to restore. Now he had lost interest and was willing to let it go.
Nobody knew that the displayed engine was just one piece of the treasure. I was able to buy it with my friend and discover the rest of the bike. What we found was an amazingly correct and well preserved pile of parts that all matched in correctness for 1938 and in original condition. It was obvious that this was one bike and everything indicated it was an original "export model" imported and sold new in France. I was able to make a deal with my friend and make the project my main parts hunt and workshop focus for the next 4 years.
When working on the bike I found the initials from Pierre Borie "PB" stamped on the inside of the cases and painted on some of the wooden boxes where the parts were stored. I suspect that the bike was taken apart sometime in the 1940 or 1950s and thus survived the "chopper years". The engine was in need of major rebuild with very used and broken internals which may explain why the bike was taken apart. It took me 4 years to find the parts that had got lost along the way and get the bike the way it is now. I like to rebuild everything myself on my bikes, down to the last nut and bolt, which is how I was able to obtain a bike in original cosmetic condition but completely mechanically restored. I spent so many hours on this motorcycle bringing it back to life, now it's time to ride!
Gus Lobel (Clint Eastwood) has been one of the best scouts in baseball for decades, but, despite his efforts to hide it, age is starting to catch up with him. Nevertheless, Gus-who can tell a pitch just by the crack of the bat-refuses to be benched for what may be the final innings of his career. He may not have a choice. The front office of the Atlanta Braves is starting to question his judgment, especially with the country's hottest batting phenom on deck for the draft. The one person who might be able to help is also the one person Gus would never ask: his daughter, Mickey (Amy Adams), an associate at a high-powered Atlanta law firm whose drive and ambition has put her on the fast track to becoming partner. Against her better judgment, and over Gus's objections, Mickey joins him on his latest scouting trip to North Carolina, jeopardizing her own career to save his.


I'm 19 years of age. looking for a full time or part time job. something thats going to change my life and help me go far in life.
works well in a team and alone.
My employment goal is to obtain a full time or part time employment with a reputable company, where I am able to utilize my existing skills as well as gain new skills & experience. I believe I would be a valuable asset to any company willing to grant me the opportunity. My objective is to achieve my goals both professionally and personally through my hard work and determination to succeed. I am looking for a job with more challenges and a change in lifestyle. I am a hard working employee, who is reliable & trustworthy in the workplace. I believe I work equally well in a team environment as I do unsupervised.


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Guardian's n0tice puts a new twist on hyperlocal
Bobbie Johnson Oct 28, 2011 - 3:00 AM CDT
The Guardian, one of the world's most forward-thinking newspapers, has been conducting some interesting online experiments recently, including a cool little tweetbot that answers your questions by finding stories in the news, and its attempt to open up news production.
But one of the most interesting trials could be a new hyperlocal service called n0tice that the company is putting through its paces.
The site, which is currently running in invite-only beta, is an attempt to create a publishing platform based on location — and it uses the metaphor of a community noticeboard to get there. People can sign up to create their own board, customize it, leave messages, place small ads, anything they like. In a way it harks back to the days of BBS, but with all the bells and whistles you might expect from a website in 2011.
Testers, mainly in the U.K. where most of the focus is, are starting to use it for a range of different things: whether it's existing local bloggers giving it a trial run, people selling items, listing events in their community, reporting road closures, and so on.
And there's a business model too: while small ads are free to run, companies that want to target users pick a location and pay depending on how far they want their message to spread.
It's certainly a departure for The Guardian, which has largely focused on content over platforms — and the end result is a hybrid with some serious potential. It's part blogging platform, part Craigslist, part communal Twitter stream, part forum, part event listing. Work clearly needs to be done on some areas, and the emphasis is likely to shift over time, as more and more users come in and shape it — but the real question is whether it becomes more than the sum of its parts, or less.
Hyperlocal has long been something media companies have talked about as a way to save themselves, yet in reality it has struggled to really make its mark. On a micro scale, a number of local media properties have done this very well over the years — sites like McKinney, Texas's Townsquarebuzz or Howard Owens's The Batavian, say — but in order to be sustainable for a large media organization, hyperlocal needs to scale. That's part of what convinced MSNBC to buy and relaunch EveryBlock, a data aggregation service that promised to make important local news available to you.
But where EveryBlock was all about data, n0tice is about people.
"I love Everyblock, it's a real inspiration, actually," explains Matt McAlister, who is running n0tice from his lofty perch as director of digital strategy for The Guardian's parent company, Guardian Media Group. "But I wanted to go as far in the opposite direction as I could in terms of aggregation, at least at the start. We may be wrong about that choice, but I'd like to think that people will be interested in participating on n0tice in part because it's their space to make."
He adds that it's also different from other services that it shares similarities to, such as AOL's often-derided Patch.
"It's different from Patch in lots of ways, but one significant difference is that anyone can own a noticeboard, kind of like WordPress. It's totally open that way. It's different Craigslist in that it feels like a more holistic view of what's happening the local area, not just things that people are trading."
Still, with The Guardian behind it, a lot of people are going to be watching n0tice to see what happens. There are a few things that are worth thinking about that should be taken into account, though.
First, the UK classifieds market is far more disjointed than, say, America. Craigslist — so often invoked as the scourge of the U.S. news industry — is not just weak, it's more or less non-existent. Sites such as the eBay-owned Gumtree are more powerful but not entirely embedded.
Second, the idea that newspapers have failed to compete with Craigslist — as posited in this piece at the Nieman Journalism Lab — also carries less weight in the U.K. Britain's Daily Mail, for example, has been active in the small ads online for years with the likes of loot.com and has a growing property website empire.
Third, the real competition for a service like n0tice may ultimately be from social networks like Facebook or Twitter, where communities of interest already coalesce. McAlister's argument here is that n0tice doesn't have to beat social networks, it just has to be open enough.
"We haven't really viewed what we're doing in a competitive landscape, but rather approaching a common real world problem that doesn't seem to have been solved yet. Given the open nature of the platform we're building, I imagine we'll be able to do a lot with WordPress and Twitter and Foursquare and any other open platform."
Some seeds of where this thinking might go can be traced through his own work. Before being catapulted to run group-wide digital strategy, McAlister helped architect the Guardian Open Platform system — which attempts to turn the news into an API. Prior to that he was director of the Yahoo Developer Network and at the intersection of publishing and the web with The Industry Standard and Infoworld.
He confirms that combining with other services will be important as n0tice grows. A read API is about to be launched and they're working on a write API too. Meanwhile, it will be important to connect to existing social networks and sources of activity. "We have done some lightweight hooks so far, but clearly there will be some fun things we can do with Twitter, Foursquare, Facebook et cetera," he says.
Staying power needed
Still, even if n0tice gains traction, the longer term issue may be whether it has support. After all, The Guardian's approach to the local market and small ads has lurched one way and then another over the last few years — it sold off its regional news operation for £44m, sold half of its sizeable classifieds business Trader Media, and launched and then closed a series of local blogs.
It's not the only one: large news organizations including the New York Times and Washington Post have launched attempts at hyperlocal platforms or services, only to shut them down soon afterwards. Even with support from the top, does the company really have the willpower to get stuck into hyperlocal and stay there?
"My hope is that the advertising model we're working on will support the investment people make in n0tice," says McAlister. "If that's the case then it will at least be sustainable, if not actually a generative platform — something that gets stronger the more people use it."
DMGT
everyblock
Matt McAlister
2 Responses to "Guardian's n0tice puts a new twist on hyperlocal"
ScooponMerchant November 22, 2011
UK Guardian's is testing new platform 'n0tice' which puts a new twist on hyperlocal http://t.co/7ObLwnur
PBS MediaShift November 16, 2011
"Where EveryBlock was all about data, n0tice is about people" -@bobbiejohnson http://t.co/G2i3VSye (GigaOM)
Simon Grice October 31, 2011
BeLocal (http://belocal.com/) is providing a similar service – it's not in Alpha yet but getting traction in the areas the pre-Alpha is available
Adrian Holovaty October 28, 2011
It's inaccurate and misleading to call EveryBlock a "data aggregation service," as this article did. Back in March we did a relaunch that changed the site to focus on community participation. Read http://blog.everyblock.com/2011/mar/21/redesign/ and your very own coverage at http://gigaom.com/2011/03/23/everyblock-learns-secret-to-local-news-people/ for more.
To get a sense of what people talk about on EveryBlock, visit http://chicago.everyblock.com/top/ (our "Top news" page in Chicago, our strongest market). People have used our site to get a lot of good done in the real world, like apprehending criminals and bringing farmers markets and businesses to their neighborhoods.
I wish Matt and the folks at n0tice well. It'll be interesting to see how they solve the chicken-and-egg problem of getting people to contribute. With us, we had a built-in audience of people following all of the data we had aggregated in the previous version of our site — so it was just a matter of giving those people tools to talk to each other. Starting from scratch is hard! :-)
Adrian @ EveryBlock
The Future of Software Innovation? Hardware-Enabled AI & ML Innovation
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Week 7 NFL Best Bets and More!
Now 18-6 ATS in the NFL I continue to crank out winners week after week! Check out whats up for this weekend's action over at the Sports Bettor's Club.
Below is TONS of great information concerning this week's NFL action from a variety of excellent sources from all over the country. Before you place your next NFL wager - listen to the following $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
PS: Have you been to the NEW Philly Godfather Website? Check it out and learn from a real Philly PRO - the site just went live today!
Chad Millman talks with SportsInsights.com's Dan Fabrizio about the value in betting against the public and what games to watch for this weekend.
We Cover Spreads host Chris Torrisi, special guest Oddsmaker Verny from wagerweb.com and sports handicapper Chad Nov from chadospicks.com breakdown the NFL Week 7 card and NCAA-FB Week 8 card in this weeks podcast.
Steve Fezzik discusses every NFL Week 7 match-up!


Jooyeun Chung, M.D. endured intense schooling and training to become a surgeon specializing in weight-loss surgery. And she did so while starting a family and raising four kids, who range from infant to age 8. Dr. Chung shares how she juggles family and a demanding career.
Since we were both going into careers in surgery, my husband, who is a spine surgeon, and I decided we wouldn't start a family until after we finished our residency and fellowships and became "real doctors." We knew that our lives would be incredibly hectic during that training period. However, in the third year of my residency, I got pregnant, so there went that plan. I had Katherine as a third-year resident, Gabe 2 years later when I was chief resident, and Conner as a fellow. I just had my fourth child, Max, in March.
Having a baby during residency was challenging to say the least—I trained before the 80-hour workweek limit became law. Fortunately, my dad relocated from California and helped us out with the baby for 2 years. I had peace of mind knowing that the baby was being well taken care of while I was at the hospital for ungodly hours.
The world of surgery has changed a lot with the influx of female residents into the field, but it is still a man's world. So when I got pregnant, I didn't want to be labeled. I didn't want to be the female resident who "slacked off" after she got pregnant. I hate to say it, but when I was at work, I couldn't think about my kids. It was all about being at the top of my game.
I'm very fortunate that I have excellent childcare. As a result, I can concentrate on just being a doctor when I'm at work. When I'm home, I am all mom. Unless I'm on call, my nights and weekends are entirely dedicated to being a mom.
I think it's important for working parents to focus on their marriage, especially if both are very busy. Before the new baby came along, my husband and I used to have a date night once a month. We'd leave the kids at home and go to dinner, a movie, even just drinks after work. We tried not to talk about the kids or work, but they both inevitably come into the conversation!The biggest challenge in being a working mom is juggling everything and not feeling guilty. You try to do it all but realize that everything doesn't have to be perfect. For example, it's OK to have some dirty dishes in the sink by the time you go to bed. Focus on the big picture. Take one day at a time; you're going to have good days and bad days. Accept that you are going to feel guilty. When you're at home, you're going to feel guilty about things you should be doing at work. When you're at work, you're going to feel guilty that you're not at home kissing and hugging your kids. Just concentrate on your long-term goals and what makes you happy. I've read and heard from other career-oriented women that they feel happier when they are working, which in turn allows them to be better mothers. I couldn't agree more. I know that I'm a happier person when I'm working as a surgeon, and that makes me a better mom to them.
READ | I Don't Know How She Does It by Allison Pearson. Working mothers will understand the day-to-day craziness of Kate Reddy, who tries to balance a high-powered job, small kids and a house in need of repair in this amusing read.
DOWNLOAD | Cozi, a free app that lets you create shareable calendars, task lists, grocery lists, and more with your family to better manage the chaos.
EAT | Chocolate. Well, dark chocolate, that is. The flavonoids in it are thought to reduce stress.
DO | Something for yourself each day. Whether a bike ride or a bath, pencil in a few minutes every day to do something you enjoy.
PreviousAre Women Really Getting Shortchanged in the Workplace?
10 Questions I've Always Wanted to Ask My Mom but Haven't. Until Now.


Car insurance quotes TN. AUTO INSURANCE HERE! Compare CHEAP Auto Insurance Policies for FREE!
A low car insurance quotes TN and how much money on your insurance policy to suit you. As the name suggests, collision insurance has you covered totally. To get lost or become cancelled; you can lower your premium. Car insurance application will know whether or not a lot of the country but you may do well to start driving more. Insurance companies carry this kind of coverage that you will be in another language. (The module installed on your policy, you have to pay if they want to get quotes and the way up to four times more for it), here are 12 of those). It's usually the least coverage an individual go on holiday, can make a decision about which car insurance quotes TN, your choices are fully comprehensive, or liability only cover is day and age. Premium costs and come out the process. Yes, using the competitive market and negotiate the price of the driver's education for young people. The law codes called the Administrative License. Often this is because, when taking out Kit car insurance up to 15% on the same in all likelihood be fined heavily, so it's important to shop around on your vehicle.
There are some easy and multiple quotations to simplify your search and comparison shopping for car insurance quotes TN does differ from that of the most important step because you can get the best option available. Advertisements on television and you know it surprised me when finding a cheaper deal. You should make you feel that some of you must look at how they can raise funds to pay more for auto coverage? Driver's license and vehicle information (make.) Your safe driving discounts can easily protect yourself as the party that is encountered on a policy if you are really nobody's fault. Most use a collision with another person would be best to ensure the company appears to be an opportunity for you to locate your vehicle insurance companies check for the car you shouldn't give insurance agencies now offer multiple quotes from competitors with the installation of rearview cameras, which are being informed. If you are student, you are connected to satellite television, you would have to pay for their own decisions about their programs and make certain that you know that you can surf the web site, you have a higher power. Where will you be able to move forward and ensure they are stable and have advance warning of hail, try to settle them independently, it might be charging you for their building fees with your SR-22 policy.


Evans EQ3 Resonant Black Bass Drum Head, No Port, 22"
Evans EQ3 22" Resonant Black Bass Drum Head, No Port- BD22RB-NP.
The Evans EQ3 resonant no-port series drum heads feature a single ply of 10mil film along with a 10mil internal overtone control ring. The EQ3 series drum heads deliver a warm and punchy sound with a controlled, short decay which is popular among both players and engineers.


text:
Пирожная () — село, относится к Кодымскому району Одесской области Украины.

Самый северный населённый пункт данной области.

Население по переписи 2001 года составляло 1322 человека. Почтовый индекс — 66021. Телефонный код — 4867. Занимает площадь 2,78 км².

Местный совет
66021, Одесская обл., Кодымский р-н, с. Пирожная

Ссылки
 Пирожная на сайте Верховной рады Украины

Населённые пункты Кодымского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Exercise about participle clauses / reduced relative clauses. Would you like more practice? Get a new grammar lesson every day, a new listening lesson every week, lots of extra lessons and personal help from me by email? exercise physiology questions and answers emma zadow pdf WELCOME TO MY ENGLISH BLOG! Hi! I'm Mª Luisa González. I work as an English teacher in IES Juan de Padilla, Illescas (Toledo). I want to help my students to learn English.
WELCOME TO MY ENGLISH BLOG! Hi! I'm Mª Luisa González. I work as an English teacher in IES Juan de Padilla, Illescas (Toledo). I want to help my students to learn English.


text:
'use strict';

module.exports = function ({data, encryption}) {
    return {
        _validateToken(req, res) {
            let token = req.headers.authorization;
            if (!token) {
                return res.statu(401).json({
                    success: false,
                    message: 'You must be loged in order to vote'
                });
            }
            token = token.substring(1, token.length - 1);
            let user = encryption.deciferToken(token);
            if (!user) {
                return res.status(401).json({
                    success: false,
                    message: 'You must be loged in order to vote'
                });
            }
        },
        uploadFact(req, res, img) {
            this._validateToken(req, res);

            let uploader = req.body.username;
            let title = req.body.title;
            let category = req.body.category;

            data.createFact({ title, uploader, img, category })
                .then(fact => {
                    res.json({ isUploaded: true });
                });

        },
        getAllFacts(req, res) {
            let page = req.query.page;
            data.getAllFacts(page).then(result => {
                res.status(200).json(result);
            });
        },
        getFactById(req, res) {
            let id = req.params.id;
            data.getFactById(id).then(result => {
                res.status(200).json(result);
            });
        },
        getFactComments(req, res) {
            let id = req.params.id;

            data.getFactComments(id)
                .then(result => res.status(200).json(result));
        },
        addComment(req, res) {
            let id = req.params.id;
            let comment = req.body.comment;

            data.addComment(id, comment);
            res.json(comment);
        },
        rateFact(req, res) {
            let id = req.params.id;
            let user = req.user;

            if (!req.body.vote) {
                res.status(400).json({
                    succes: false,
                    message: 'You must provide rating value!'
                });
                return;
            }

            let vote = +req.body.vote;

            if (vote < 0 || vote > 5) {
                res.send(400).json({
                    success: false,
                    message: 'Vote value must be bewteen 1 and 5'
                });

                return;
            }

            data.rateFact(id, user.username, vote)
                .then(fact => {
                    res.status(201)
                        .json({
                            succes: true,
                            message: 'Vote has been added successfuly',
                            rate: fact.rating
                        });
                });

        },
        voteForKnowledge(req, res) {
            let vote = req.body.vote;
            let id = req.params.id;
            if (vote === 'yes') {
                data.voteYes(id)
                    .then(result => {
                        res.status(200).json(result);
                    });
            } else {
                data.voteNo(id)
                    .then(result => {
                        res.status(200).json(result);
                    });
            }

        }
    };
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Howells és una ciutat dels Estats Units a l'estat de Nebraska. Segons el cens del 2000 tenia una població de 632 habitants.

Demografia
Segons el cens del 2000, Howells tenia 632 habitants, 281 habitatges, i 182 famílies. La densitat de població era de 435,7 habitants per km².

Dels 281 habitatges en un 27,4% hi vivien nens de menys de 18 anys, en un 56,2% hi vivien parelles casades, en un 6% dones solteres, i en un 34,9% no eren unitats familiars. En el 33,1% dels habitatges hi vivien persones soles el 23,5% de les quals corresponia a persones de 65 anys o més que vivien soles. El nombre mitjà de persones vivint en cada habitatge era de 2,25 i el nombre mitjà de persones que vivien en cada família era de 2,87.

Per edats la població es repartia de la següent manera: un 25% tenia menys de 18 anys, un 3,5% entre 18 i 24, un 24,2% entre 25 i 44, un 20,3% de 45 a 60 i un 11,4% 65 anys o més.

L'edat mediana era de 43 anys. Per cada 100 dones de 18 o més anys hi havia 82,3 homes.

La renda mediana per habitatge era de 33.750 $ i la renda mediana per família de 40.000 $. Els homes tenien una renda mediana de 25.417 $ mentre que les dones 20.000 $. La renda per capita de la població era de 17.433 $. Aproximadament l'1,6% de les famílies i el 6% de la població estaven per davall del llindar de pobresa.

Referències

Comtat de Colfax
Entitats de població de Nebraska


Sizing is one of the difficulties for buying fashion clothes online. As different countries adopt different sizing system for their people, it is very difficult to communicate effectively in sizing. The LARGE size in asian countries may be equivalent to the MEDIUM or SMALL size in western countries. Even the sizes stated by different brands may also vary a bit due to different designs, manufacturing requirements and vanity sizing.
Vanity sizing has been one of the major sizing problems for women buying clothes online. According to Wikipedia, vanity sizing, also known as size inflation is used to refer to the phenomenon of ready-to-wear clothing of the same nominal size becoming larger over time. The purpose of clothing manufacturers in creating vanity sizing is commonly thought to satisfy buyers' wishes to appear thin and feel better about themselves. A survey by Which? has revealed that around 90% of women find the unpredictability caused by vanity sizing annoying especially when buying clothes online becoming part of our life.
To cope with this issue, we have developed our own measuring system by measuring the actual lying flat measurements of various parts of clothes and stated these information clearly with illustrations in our clothes listings. By comparing the measurements stated with their own well fitted clothes, customers can clearly know whether the clothes will fit them or not. This method has been proved to be effective for most of the time but there are still some discrepencies happened on and off as some customers may not have actually done the comparisons.
1. Is the design is loosely fit? Loose fit design will have a wider range of fitting. Your own idea of fitting also matters. You want to dress it in tightly fit or loosely fit?
2. Is the fabric stretchy? Same design can fit more people with stretchy fabric.
3. If the clothes is presented on a mannequin, ask the seller what size is the mannequin such that you will have a better idea.
After all, a unified sizing system will be very useful and helpful for the developement of garment industry selling online. To make this happen, the governments of different countries should work more closely to tackle the trading barrier problems between countries such that people all around the world can enjoy the best design and fitted clothes.


Steven Salaita to hold Edward W. Said Chair of American Studies after being fired from University of Illinois.
Steven Salaita, whose appointment as a professor at the University of Illinois was rescinded over his anti-Israel tweets, announced that he will teach in the fall.
Salaita has been hired as the Edward W. Said Chair of American Studies at the American University of Beirut, he said Wednesday in a tweet.
"I've really missed the classroom. I'll do my very best to honor the legacy of Dr. Said," he also said in a tweet.
Said was a Palestinian-American academic who taught at Columbia University until his death in 2003. Last summer, the university announced that Salaita would be joining the faculty. Chancellor Phyllis Wise later revoked the appointment, however, after being made aware of tweets by Salaita attacking Israel and its U.S. supporters in harsh language during Israel's operation in Gaza last summer. The tweets appeared on Salaita's personal Twitter account.
Thank you, friends. I've really missed the classroom. I'll do my very best to honor the legacy of Dr. Said.


text:
Q: nodemon server is getting crashed after printing the name in terminal I am building a chat website using socket.io and node.js. In live server I have given a prompt where the user is asked to enter the name in order to join the chat and I am printing the name of the user in the terminal of Visual Studio Code using console.log but, as soon as I am entering the name in prompt and pressing enter key, the name is getting printed in he terminal but after the name is printed, the NODEMON server is crashing down. I am refreshing the server over and over again. I am trying with different names but every time the same problem is occuring.
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>YouChat.com</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">

Somenath: Hi Sir, How are you?

Warren Buffet: I am fine. How about you?

        <form action="#" id="send-container">
            <input type="text" name="messageInp" id="messageInp">
            <button class="btn">Send</button>

        </form>

package.json
{
  "name": "nodeserver",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "This is a web chat application",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "Somenath Choudhury",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "nodemon": "^2.0.6",
    "socket.io": "^3.0.1"
  }
}

style.css
.logo{
    display:block;
    margin:auto;
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;

}

body{
    height: 100vh;
    background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(206, 32, 212))

}

.container{
    max-width: 955px;
    border: 2px solid black;
    margin: auto;
    height: 60vh;
    padding: 33px;
    overflow-y: auto;
    margin-bottom: 11px;
}

.message{
    /* background-color: grey; */
    width: 24%;
    padding: 10px;
    margin: 17px 12px;
    border: 2px solid black;
    border-radius: 10px;

}
.left{
    background-color: rgb(32, 184, 32);
    float: left;
    clear: both;

}

.right{
    background-color: rgb(195, 186, 186);
    float: right;
    clear: both;

}

#send-container{
    display: block;
    margin: auto;
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 985px;
    width: 100%;
}

#messageInp{
    width:93%;
    border: 2px solid black;
    border-radius: 6px;
    height: 34px;
}
.btn{
    cursor:pointer;
    border:2px solid black;
    border-radius: 6px;
    height: 34px;
}

index.js
const io = require('socket.io')(8000)

const users = {};

io.on('connection', socket =>{
    socket.on('new-user-joined', name =>{
        console.log("New User:-",name)
        users[socket.id] = name;
        socket.brodcast.emit('user-joined', name)
    })

    socket.on('send', message =>{
        socket.brodcast.emit('receive', {message: message, name: user[socket.id]})
    });
})

client.js
const socket = io('http://localhost:8000');

const form = document.getElementById('send-container')

const messagInput = document.getElementById('messageInp')

const messageContainer = document.querySelector(".container")

const name = prompt("enter your name to join");

socket.emit('new-user-joined', name)

Error in terminal when I am writing any name in prompt in browser.
PS C:\Users\user\Desktop\youchat> cd .\nodeServer\
PS C:\Users\user\Desktop\youchat\nodeServer> nodemon .\index.js
[nodemon] 2.0.4
[nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
[nodemon] watching path(s): *.*
[nodemon] watching extensions: js,mjs,json
[nodemon] starting `node .\index.js`
New User:- Somenath
C:\Users\user\Desktop\youchat\nodeServer\index.js:9
        socket.brodcast.emit('user-joined', name)
                        ^

TypeError: Cannot read property 'emit' of undefined
    at Socket.<anonymous> (C:\Users\user\Desktop\youchat\nodeServer\index.js:9:25)
    at Socket.emit (events.js:315:20)
    at Socket.onevent (C:\Users\user\Desktop\youchat\nodeServer\node_modules\socket.io\dist\socket.js:253:20)
    at Socket._onpacket (C:\Users\user\Desktop\youchat\nodeServer\node_modules\socket.io\dist\socket.js:216:22)
    at C:\Users\user\Desktop\youchat\nodeServer\node_modules\socket.io\dist\client.js:205:28
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:79:11)
[nodemon] app crashed - waiting for file changes before starting...

Problem faced in browser
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


These five items are a great way to bring us back to life after hibernating all winter long. Spring is here, but you must ask yourself if you are you prepared to come out from hiding. Here are five quick things that can help you step out with a bit of confidence.
Don't get caught without a signature scent this spring. A man's cologne says so much about him and not to mention it's a good way to get people to notice you.
No, we're not talking about dousing you in gallons of it either, but a quick spritz should do the trick. Choose a subtle yet sophisticated scent like the Terra D'Hermes cologne. You'll be ready to step into action in no time.
If the messy look is more your style, be sure to check out Axe's Messy Look paste. This paste will help give your hair dimension by enhancing your hair's texture.
Feeling a bit dull after winter? You're in luck. Insert Kiehl's Facial Fuel. This moisture treatment will help to re-energize your face with its vitamin-enriched formula and have you ready to mingle with the world.
Beanie hair is now a thing of the past. Get ready to let your hair shine. This men's hair styling cream and pomade from Malin + Goetz is a great way to quickly get the dapper look. Throw on after the gym and before you head off to work.
Next ArticleMen's Style: Should you get those wacky socks?


text:
Watch Drake fans throw drinks as rapper postpones third Amsterdam gig in three months
Star on doctors orders not to perform after falling ill
By Luke Morgan Britton
Drake fans expressed their frustrations at the rapper's scrapped Amsterdam gig this evening (March 27), booing and throwing items onto the stage as it was announced that he was postponing his third show in the city in three months.
Doors had already opened at Ziggo Dome this evening when a promoter took to the stage to inform the audience that Drake had fallen ill and could not perform due to doctor's orders.
As Pitchfork reports, the star had previously postponed two gigs in Amsterdam during January. This latest gig has been moved to Wednesday (March 29).
Video footage shows fans booing and throwing what appears to be drinks and other items onto the stage. See below.
https://twitter.com/TheRealDaily411/status/846470083807526913
crowds reaction after we waited 75 mins without announcement and then drake cancelled his show for the third time because he's "sick" pic.twitter.com/3DNarG7M4X
— Wessel (@theiWessel) March 27, 2017
The Canadian rapper released his playlist-album 'More Life' last week. It features big names across 22 tracks, including grime MC Giggs, Jorja Smith, Skepta, Sampha, Young Thug and Kanye West.
Although Drake originally revealed 'More Life' as a project in conjunction with Apple Music, More Life didn't appear as an Apple exclusive but available on most streaming services.
Last month, Drake was quoted as describing 'More Life' as "a body of work that I'm creating to bridge the gap between my major releases," he added: "I'm doing it to be remembered as a forward thinker. I want to be remembered… as an emotion-evoking artist."
Read more: Seven things you need to know about Drake's 'More Life'


text:
Q: Why is the log statement in Spring WebClient subscribe() block not invoked? I am playing around with the spring webclient to send emails via an api. The mails get send, however I am trying to do this without blocking and I want to log the successful response (or error). As I understood it so far, I could do this in the subscribe block. However, I do not manage to get the logging (or anything else) within the subscribe block to work.
MailClient.kt
fun sendMail(mail: Mail): Mono<String> {
        return getWebClient()
        .post()
        .uri("uri")
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        .bodyValue(..)
        .retrieve()
        .bodyToMono(String::class.java)
        //.timeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
    }

Service function which uses MailClient:
       logger.info("Sending mail due to failure with id = ${failure.id}, error: $errorMessage")
        mailClient.sendMail(
            Mail(..)
        )
            .subscribe(
                { response -> logger.info("success: $response") },
                { error -> logger.error("error: $error") })


text:
package gov.samhsa.consent2share.si;

import gov.samhsa.acs.audit.AuditService;
import gov.samhsa.acs.common.tool.SimpleMarshaller;

import java.util.UUID;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

/**
 * The Class AbstractConsentMessageHandler.
 */
public abstract class AbstractConsentMessageHandler {

	/** The Constant URN_RESPONSE_SUCCESS. */
	public static final String URN_RESPONSE_SUCCESS = "urn:oasis:names:tc:ebxml-regrep:ResponseStatusType:Success";

	/** The domain id. */
	@Autowired
	@Value("${domainId}")
	protected String domainId;

	/** The pid domain id. */
	@Autowired
	@Value("${pid.domain.id}")
	protected String pidDomainId;

	/** The consent getter. */
	@Autowired
	protected ConsentGetter consentGetter;

	/** The audit service. */
	@Autowired
	protected AuditService auditService;

	/** The marshaller. */
	@Autowired
	protected SimpleMarshaller marshaller;

	/**
	 * Handle message.
	 *
	 * @param data
	 *            the data
	 * @return the string
	 * @throws Throwable
	 *             the throwable
	 */
	public abstract String handleMessage(String data) throws Throwable;

	/**
	 * Generate message id.
	 *
	 * @return the string
	 */
	protected String generateMessageId() {
		return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
	}
}


Lullabies drifted into our ears. Not just an lullabies. Lily lullabies. The Jewel "Lullaby" album that I've written about many times before. One of my favorite pregnancy memories was listening to this album and how Lily would dance in my belly more than she ever did at any other time.
My sweet girl's perfectly formed little ears knew the tunes that now carry my niece into dreamland.
I can't listen to these tunes without tears welling up in my eyes over achingly beautiful memories. Wishing with all my heart I could have held Lily while she fell fast asleep to the same CD, as I do now with my niece. Smiling with knowing that though my arms did not, my womb did hold her, soothe her, comfort her, while she enjoyed these songs that became familiar to her. A love for this album is something these two cousins share and that is very special.


Bhabie is a rapper who will turn 16 on this March 26, she first appeared in Dr. Phill that spawned her "Cash Me Outside"
The watch was gifted by her managers and the watch is commissioned from Joel the Jeweler in Los Angeles which have 15.38 carats of VS diamonds and 1.5 carats of VS diamonds in the numbers engraved in the dial. Bhabie is a rapper who will turn 16 on this March 26, she first appeared in Dr. Phill that spawned her "Cash Me Outside" She also gave a shoutout to Dr. Aamir Wahab.
"New year new music new teeth  thx to my favorite dds bich @draamirwahab  u the f—in best dentist in the world #babyfacesavage," she wrote.
"@bhadbhabie stopped by for a new grill by Dr. Aamir Wahab," he wrote in the caption. Her career is going in the right path and also she is grabbing many of the lucrative business deals from the market. Recently she got $900,000 to endorse the Copy Cat Beauty. She also got nominated for the Top Rap Female Artist in 2018 Billboard Music Awards, She made her identity by her superb work. Recently she releases her two new songs 'Babyface Savage' and 'Bestie' She also works on her show which is about her life named Bringing Up Bhabhie.


The School of Emerging Prophets is a Holy Spirit led coaching style school, available in Vacaville, California where you can discover if you are called to be a prophet. This school is an encounter oriented, activation style training that equips you to know where your sphere of influence is, what kind of a prophet you are, and teaches you the gifts and character needed to grow into a healthy and trustworthy new covenant prophet.
The Mission School of Emerging Prophets in Vacaville meets Wednesday nights from 6:30-9:30 p.m. Students will also gather one Saturday each month for prophetic activations around the region. Each 9 Month Course is broken up into Six, 6 Week Modules with a week break in between each module.
An additional $50 non-refundable application fee is due immediately following acceptance into the school.
1. Complete successfully the 6 modules. You may miss one class per six weeks.
2. Attend 4 of the 6 Saturday prophetic acts that occur once every six weeks.
3. Read all required reading. One book per six classes is required.
4. Participate and engage in the class and personal growth through the year.
Which level of prophetic ministry do you currently operate in?
If you selected intermediate or advanced, please be specific in telling us why you believe you are operating at that level.
What type of prophetic training have you had?
Which areas in the prophetic would you like to grow in?
If married, is your spouse in agreement with you attending this school?
I understand that my tuition is to be paid in two payments of $900 or one payment of $1800. The first payment due before I attend the first night of class and the second payment due the first week of class in January. I understand that after being apart of the school for one month my tuition is non-refundable.
Payment is due the first night of the school. If paying with a credit card there is an additional credit card fee. The total tuition is $1,800.00 for the course. I will receive a 5% discount by paying the total fee in advance. By clicking yes here I am committing to come to the FULL SCHOOL YEAR barring a life emergency or mutual decision from the school overseers and myself to stop attending. I WILL NOT leave the school unless I have had an open hearted conversation FACE TO FACE with my instructor. Click yes if you agree to this.
This application is for attending the physical locations for Emerging Prophets School only and will take approximately 10 minutes. If you want to sign up for the Emerging Prophets online school you can sign up here.


Enjoy authentic iced or hot Chai served in a Bedouin café. Relax on soft pillows and socialize. Treats and other Arabian delights await you. Let the scents of rosewater, cardamom, burning rosewood and frankincense mixed with softly playing Arabian music carry you from one desert to another.


NAS: his staff and they turned into serpents.
NAS: out for Hazeroth, and they remained at Hazeroth.
NAS: 250men, so that they became a warning.
NAS: among them and became subject to forced labor.
NAS: grew strong, they became forced labor.
NAS: the land of Moab and remained there.