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Presentation: Slides and notes available here.
Using the Claremont Colleges Library as a case study, this workshop offers ideas and suggestions about how to build capacity within the library and the broader campus community to support and advance digital humanities projects and digital scholarship, more broadly. Through workshops, a summer institute, and introductory short courses for faculty, grad students, and librarians, the Claremont Colleges Library has become an integral part of the DH community and digital skilling process at the colleges. The library offers services that align with its traditional mission, and librarians position themselves as digital scholars in their own right and potential collaborators on faculty projects.
To meet the needs of interested but inexperienced faculty members, Digital Scholarship Coordinator, Dr. Ashley Sanders, offers a six-week course to introduce Digital Humanities concepts and methodologies. Each week, participants examine a different trend or methodology, including data visualization, spatial and temporal visualizations, network analysis, and topic modeling. To build capacity to support DH projects at the Claremont Colleges, she also facilitates a series of professional development workshops on a range of digital scholarship topics specifically for librarians, including a five-week course on DH (available at http://dhatccl101.com), DH project consultations, digital identity and security, author rights, copyright and fair use, and more. The course and workshop series will be presented, along with commentary about what has worked well so far and lessons learned.
In short, participants will walk away with an initial plan of action to begin building capacity for DH work, complete with resources, contacts for further information, tips, tricks, and best practices.


A worrying trend in children cases - Looking a little more deeply at the latest private law demand figures from Cafcass.
A system based on a fallacy - The fallacy that underpins the government's family justice policy.
The future of family law - A look at the President's speech at the 2014 Legal Wales Conference, plus a few predictions of my own.
When is a judge biased? - A post that tries to answer that question.


Once again Bray Wheelers have been invited to take part in the Bray St Patrick's Day Parade.
This is a great opportunity to promote the club in front of the thousands of spectators who will line the streets.
This is very much a fun event for all. Club members are encouraged to wear club gear, or something special for the day (fancy dress). We will meet at the clubhouse from 2pm and leave for the parade start at 2.30pm. The parade will be over at 4pm.
I do advise members to wear runners or something similar for the parade due to the stop start nature of the parade. Hope to see a large turn out for this fun event.


A Muslim group is accusing a Christian organization of defamation for publishing a book that accuses the Muslim collective of holding terrorist training in its enclaves. The Christian Action Network refuses to back down, challenging Muslims of America Inc. to prove the allegations wrong in an upstate New York court.
He insists that such an action was a deliberate provocation. The united effort of these newspapers in 'redeploying' abusive caricatures in one day, thereby profaning the status of the Prophets, especially that of the seal of the Prophets, Muhammad (peace be upon him) deserves condemnation. Such an action threatens the coexistence of cultures, religions and peoples.
Both winners will be awarded with a free round trip airline ticket to Makkah to perform Umrah. The prize also includes accommodation at a 4/5 star hotel in Makkah for 3 nights.
Supported by HE Sayed Hassan Abbas Sharbatli's Charity Association.
Dr. Raghib Al-Hanafi Raghib Al-Sirjani from Egypt.
Dr. Faisal Ahmad Al-Nadawi from India.


One of the UK's leading manufacturers of natural healthcare products, Nelsons, choose Kagool as their digital partner to enhance their Sitecore website and digital strategy.
Nelsons have picked Kagool as their digital partner. Chosen for our Sitecore expertise, we'll audit and rebuild Nelsons' corporate website, along with digital operations support.
As one of the UK's leading manufacturers of natural healthcare products, Nelsons' various brands operate on a large, multi-lingual scale. Their new Sitecore website will enhance customer experiences through mobile responsive design and improved multi-lingual capabilities. We're also providing a range of Sitecore services, including dedicated support and hosting.
Along with their main corporate site, we're working with some of Nelsons' key brands, including Bach™ Original Flower Remedies, Arnicare, H+ Care and Spatone. With an upgraded Sitecore instance and better integration, Nelsons can deliver a more connected digital strategy across their brand sites.


text:
PALO CRISTI PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
What You'll Find
Upcoming Worship Themes
Mission Partnerships
Current Mission Projects
Palo Cristi History
Palo Cristi Presbyterian Church comes from a proud heritage.
On December 31, 1961, Camelback United Presbyterian Church was formed and in 1965 dedicated the beautiful desert facility used today by Palo Cristi. It is located in the Town of Paradise Valley, a suburb between Phoenix and Scottsdale.
The campus and sanctuary were designed to be used as both a church and a synagogue, and to this day is shared with Beth Ami Temple.
In 1983 Camelback and Sunrise Presbyterian Churches began to share facilities, program, and staff. Though each congregation maintained its own worship service and identity, the churches came together to do significant work, including outreach to Central American refugees, construction of a medical clinic in Southern Mexico, the Christian Education program, and shared fellowship events.
In the spring of 1987, a plan to dissolve Camelback and Sunrise Presbyterian Churches, and to form a new church, was presented to the respective congregations. On Sunday, June 21, 1987, at 10:00 AM, the Presbytery of Grand Canyon held a "Service of Organization," and the new congregation was born: Palo Cristi Presbyterian Church.
Over the last 30 years, we have been led by installed pastors Drew Travis, Peggy Lindamood Roberts, and Debra Avery, and by interim pastors David Sholin, Harvey Moore, David Strickland, Phil Reller, and Doug Baer. We are currently led by the Rev. Linda Worsnop.
Check out this video for a more detailed look at how Palo Cristi came together in 1987. It was made for our 25th Anniversary in 2012!
3535 E. Lincoln Drive
Services and Office Hours
10:15 AM "Godly Play" and Nursery
11:00 AM Fellowship & Refreshments on the Patio
9:30 AM - 3:30 PM Office Hours (Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Recently finished the dreaded Wraith Knight! The arms and shoulder weapons are magnetized. I tried a water effect with the base for the first time which didn't come out too well. Let me know what you think!
Wow! The pictures of your Wraith Knight could easily be put on the cover of the minis box! Such a crisp and clean work! For the watereffect.. did you mix paint into the effect and poured two differently coloured layers?
That is a lovely Wraithknight. I am looking forward to seeing more of your projects.
I poured three layers, the first with a dark blue transparent paint, next with a light blue paint, and the last with a clear layer. The light blue was not transparent and ruined the effect imo. Next time I think it would work better to pour more thin layers and use all transparent paint. Maybe even sticking to one color and using less with every layer would be more effective. Anyone have any good tips for working with water effects? I was using realistic water from woodland scenics.
yeah it was likely the paint, then. I've had this happen also when I pour layers too thick and don't let them cure well enough before doing another. If it's cloudy because of the layers, it will usually eventually cure but it can take quite a while, like days or even longer. If it's the paint, meh you're out of luck.
You *can* carefully remove this effect and redo it. you may loose a bit of the surrounding terrain as it will maybe stick, so you may have to do some touch up, but if you're careful, just the resin/water will come up. Then you just repour and voila, done.
When I pour mine I do it at about 1mm to 2mm thick at a time. The only 'effect' I've used to tint them with, since I'm usually doing swamp water, is shades or inks. Those are best imo. I haven't tried actually translucent paint, myself.
When you mix the shade/ink in, do so in a figure 8 pattern, rather than the traditional clockwise/anti-clockwise motion, it makes for a lot less bubbles.
Oh man this is so good, as mentioned looks like it is the one that is on the front of the box.
Love the base and the water, would love to raise my bar to get up to that kind of level.
Cannot wait to see more.
Guildenstern wrote: yeah it was likely the paint, then. I've had this happen also when I pour layers too thick and don't let them cure well enough before doing another. If it's cloudy because of the layers, it will usually eventually cure but it can take quite a while, like days or even longer. If it's the paint, meh you're out of luck.
Thanks for the tips! I will definitely use inks next time and I might redo this base if I can muster the will to do so.
The Lynx is now finished, I'm pretty happy with how it came out. First attempt at OSL for the weapon and a heat effect on the engine tips. Let me know what you think!
Very nice! I particularly like the NMM on the engine intakes.
-picks jaw off of floor- wow that is impressive.


Great tips--I agree, the bring old/new items always works like a charm!
When my son was still an infant, I just walked to the back and hung out w/the stewardesses for awhile. They gave him extra crackers and oohed and aahhed over him. That was a nice break!
This is fabulous! We're flying with our young toddler after Christmas, so I'll need to remember these!
Great post! Love the idea of boarding at separate times - what a great tip.
I love the "forbidden items"! I'm feeling confident on the open road but we're tackling the air next year.
I agree with so many of your tips -- running around the terminal is KEY! I also think lots of favorites plus new novelty items is a great idea.


text:
Lully  es una comuna y población de Francia, en la región de Ródano-Alpes, departamento de Alta Saboya, en el distrito de Thonon-les-Bains y cantón de Douvaine.

Su población en el censo de 1999 era de 508 habitantes.

No está integrada en ninguna Communauté de communes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Alta Saboya

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Baby girls bolero style jacket in white matt satin.
Pretty white satin baby girls bolero jacket. Perfect for a little girl to wear for her christening, as a flowergirl or wedding guest.
Bolero is available in sizes 0-3m, 3-6m, 6-12m, 12-18m, 18-24m, 2-3yrs, 3-4yrs, 4-5yrs and 5-6yrs.
Thank you for your review, it is much appreciated. We are pleased to hear that you are happy with your order.


text:
It's fine we're stuck at home, since popular Wisconsin spots aren't worth visiting according to these hilarious one-star reviews
Chelsey Lewis
It's a good thing the coronavirus is keeping us at home right now and away from places like Miller Park, because according to some online reviewers, those places are terrible anyway.
Miller Park has a 4.7-star rating (out of 5) on Google, averaged from more than 18,000 reviews.
The 19-year-old home of the Milwaukee Brewers is a great place to visit in normal years, with plenty of concessions and a retractable roof guaranteeing a comfortable viewing experience whatever the weather.
But not everyone is impressed.
Google user John Terrino gave the park one star out of five, writing: "I hate this place. The constant loud announcements and bad music make it intolerable. I just want to enjoy baseball, but they don't allow that here."
No matter how beautiful or popular a place is — or perhaps because it is so popular — there's always someone who has #opinions about it, and the Internet brings out those opinions in full force.
Sometimes the bad reviews are clearly jokes, or attempts at jokes. There's a running joke, for example, of one-star reviews of the Grand Canyon based on lost pants.
But other reviewers seem serious in their criticism of popular places. One Yelp reviewer gave the natural wonder just one star and wrote: "Whoopity do, Grand Canyon. You are a giant hole in the ground. You were caused be erosion. You don't have roller coasters or dippin' dots. Jeeesh. Can you say "overrated?' "
At least we can get some amusement out of the hating. Here are some of the best worst ratings for popular Wisconsin attractions.
Lambeau Field, Green Bay: Legendary Lambeau is not immune to criticism, despite being TripAdvisor's top-rated thing to do in Green Bay and having a 4.8 rating on Google based on more than 14,000 reviews.
Maxwell Pankonin, perhaps a biased reviewer considering his profile photo is a Vikings logo, gave the Frozen Tundra one star and wrote, "Simply way too much damn cheese." It's unclear if he was referring to actual cheese or the foam creations fans wear on their heads, but his reviews of other NFC North stadiums offer a clue as to his intentions.
For the Chicago Bears' Soldier Field, he gave one star and wrote: "I had a bear maul my favourite team here. Somebody call animal control plz." Soldier Field replied: "We are truly sorry, hope you come back and give us another chance." (The Vikings last played the Bears in Chicago on Nov. 18, 2018, and the Bears won 25-20.)
Ford Field, home to the Detroit Lions, got five stars and this review: "So polite to guests. Always letting them into the endzone." (The Vikings beat the Lions at Ford Field 27-9 on Dec. 23, 2018.)
Minneapolis' U.S. Bank Stadium, home to the Vikings, got five stars and this review: "Loud AF."
In what seems like a more serious bad review, Gerald Bruno gave Lambeau one star and wrote: "What a miserable place to sit after paying hundreds of dollars for a concert. History schmistery ... it's nothing special." The review was written in June 2019, presumably after the stadium played host to Paul McCartney.
Harley-Davidson Museum, Milwaukee: This is Milwaukee's No. 1 thing to do on TripAdvisor and has a 4.7 average rating from more than 6,000 Google reviews. The museum tells the history of one of Milwaukee's most storied brands, and includes artifacts and bikes dating back to the company's beginning in 1903.
None of that impressed John Blanchard, who gave it one star and a succinct "Mehh" review on Google.
Milwaukee Art Museum: The museum has works from some of the world's top artists, including Pablo Picasso and Claude Monet. Even the exterior is beautiful, its wing-like Santiago Calatrava addition serving as an unofficial logo for Milwaukee. The museum has an average rating of 4.7 stars out of more than 5,000 reviews on Google.
Art is subjective, of course, but Valerie Sobieski isn't a fan of the portraits, in particular: "A bunch of poorly painted portraits..." she wrote on her one-star Google review.
The House on the Rock, Spring Green: The home and eclectic collections of architect Alex Jordan have become a tourist attraction precisely because they are so strange. Most people visit to see the weirdness, but Google reviewer Elaine Snyder apparently wasn't aware of this appeal. The House has an average rating of 4.6 stars from more than 3,000 reviews, but Snyder gave it one star and wrote: "Dirty, dark, dingy, red, creepy, weird maze! $50 and two hours later, I just wanted to get out of there and breathe fresh air!"
If you've ever been to House on the Rock, you probably can relate to just wanting to get out. But like visiting a haunted house for its scare factor, most people visit the House for its creepiness. So by that metric, Snyder should have given it five stars. (For the record, online advance tickets are $29.95 for adults for the Ultimate Experience, which includes access to all parts of the House. Adult tickets for just Section 1 are $14.95.)
Cave of the Mounds, Blue Mounds: This National Natural Landmark has been called the "jewel box" of major American caves, with a dazzling array of formations from stalactites and stalagmites to soda straws and flowstones.
It has an average 4.7 rating from more than 1,900 reviews on Google, but user Christopher Air max was looking for something more dazzling. He gave it two stars and wrote: "Needs more cave to walk through. Also the color pallet (sic) in the cave is dull. The giant amethyst geode is misleading seeing as how those aren't found in the cave nor this part of the country. Same with the minerals.and stones they sell in the gift shop."
I don't recall seeing a pallet during past tours of the cave, but its color palette did not disappoint me. There was even a section where the guide turned on a blacklight to make the calcite and iron glow for a second.
The cave owner responded on Google: "Christopher, your comments don't reflect the experience of most of our visitors. ... The hour long cave tour trail is approximately two thirds of a mile, and most visitors feel that is a good amount of time to spend underground. Instead of opening the other caverns in the park for visitation, we have opted to preserve them in their natural state for the purpose of conservation and scientific study. ... The color pallet of the onyx formations derives from the trace minerals dissolved with the calcite that drips into the cave."
The owner also noted that the amethyst geodes in the gift shop are not from Wisconsin, because Wisconsin doesn't have the variety of rocks that places in the world have, but the rock's origin is noted next to it.
RELATED:7 natural wonders in Wisconsin
Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Clam Lake: Wisconsin's only national forest covers more than 1.5 million acres in Wisconsin's Northwoods. The forest has dozens of campgrounds, lakes, trails and more to explore.
The expansive forest has an average 4.7 rating from more than 1,100 Google reviews, but 1.5 million acres wasn't enough for morgan heugli, who gave it one star and wrote: "It's not big."
Users Bernard James and Chuck Hirtreiter also gave the forest one star, and were seemingly unfamiliar with Wisconsin's state bird that infests the woods in the summer: "I've never seen bugs like this place. Yikes", James wrote, while Hirtreiter wrote: "Mosquito infested swamp land. No wildlife. Stay home."
The large national forest is one of the few places you can still visit, if you live in the area.
Contact Chelsey Lewis at (or clewis@journalsentinel.com. Follow her on Twitter at @chelseylew and @TravelMJS and Facebook at Journal Sentinel Travel.


text:
package com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.cdi;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;

import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.call.handler.EndpointCallHandlerProvider;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.jdk.HttpClientRequestConfiguration;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.message.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.request.EndpointRequestExecutor;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.request.HttpClientRequestFactory;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.request.authentication.Authentication;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.request.interceptor.EndpointRequestInterceptor;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.request.interceptor.HttpClientRequestInterceptor;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.response.EndpointResponseErrorFallback;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.client.retry.RetryConfiguration;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.contract.metadata.ContractExpressionResolver;
import com.github.ljtfreitas.restify.http.contract.metadata.ContractReader;

public interface RestifyProxyConfiguration {

	public default String endpoint() {
		return null;
	}

	public default HttpClientRequestFactory httpClientRequestFactory() {
		return null;
	}

	public default HttpClientRequestConfiguration httpClientRequestConfiguration() {
		return null;
	}

	public default ContractReader contractReader() {
		return null;
	}

	public default ContractExpressionResolver contractExpressionResolver() {
		return null;
	}

	public default EndpointRequestExecutor endpointRequestExecutor() {
		return null;
	}

	public default Collection<EndpointRequestInterceptor> endpointRequestInterceptors() {
		return Collections.emptyList();
	}

	public default Collection<HttpClientRequestInterceptor> httpClientRequestInterceptors() {
		return Collections.emptyList();
	}

	public default Collection<HttpMessageConverter> converters() {
		return Collections.emptyList();
	}

	public default Collection<EndpointCallHandlerProvider> handlers() {
		return Collections.emptyList();
	}

	public default Authentication authentication() {
		return null;
	}

	public default EndpointResponseErrorFallback endpointResponseErrorFallback() {
		return null;
	}

	public default Executor asyncExecutor() {
		return null;
	}

	public default RetryConfiguration retry() {
		return null;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Чемпіонат Європи з веслування на байдарках і каное 2022 пройшов 18—21 серпня у Мюнхені (Німеччина) в рамках мультиспортивного чемпіонату Європи. Змагання були кваліфікаційними на Європейські ігри 2023 року.

Медальний залік

Результати

Чоловіки
 Неолімпійські дистанції

Каное

Байдарка

Жінки
 Неолімпійські дистанції

Каное

Байдарка

Параканое
 Непараолімпійські дистанції

Чоловіки

Жінки

Результати збірної України

Чоловіки

Жінки

Параканое

Примітки

Посилання
Офіційний сайт
Книга результатів

Чемпіонат Європи з веслування на байдарках і каное
Спортивні події 2022
Серпень 2021
Спортивні змагання у Мюнхені
2022 у німецькому спорті


text:
Mecodina is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852.

Description
Palpi sickle shaped, where the second joint reaching vertex of head. Third joint long and naked. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Mid and hind tibia slightly fringed with hair on outer side. Forewing with rectangular apex. Areole usually narrow. Hindwings with vein 5 from close to lower angle of cell.

Species
Mecodina aequilinea Hampson, 1926 Assam
Mecodina africana (Holland, 1894) Gabon
Mecodina agrestis (Swinhoe, 1890) Myanmar
Mecodina albodentata (Swinhoe, 1895) India (Meghalaya)
Mecodina ambigua Leech, 1900 western China
Mecodina analis (Swinhoe, 1890) Myanmar
Mecodina apicia Hampson, 1926 Ghana
Mecodina bisignata (Walker, 1865) Timor, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Australia
Mecodina cataloxia Viette, 1958 Madagascar
Mecodina ceruleosparsa Hampson, 1907 Khasis
Mecodina cineracea (Butler, 1879) Japan
Mecodina costanotata Wileman & West, 1929 Philippines (Luzon)
Mecodina costimacula Leech, 1900 western China
Mecodina cyanodonta Hampson, 1902 Khasis
Mecodina diastriga Hampson, 1926 Java
Mecodina duplicata Leech, 1900 central China
Mecodina externa Leech, 1900 central China
Mecodina fasciata Sugi, 1982 Japan
Mecodina hybrida Prout, 1926 Borneo
Mecodina imperatrix (Holland, 1894) Gabon
Mecodina inconspicua (Wileman & South, 1916) Taiwan
Mecodina karapinensis Strand, 1920 Japan
Mecodina kurosawai Sugi, 1982 Japan
Mecodina lanceola Guenée, 1852 Bangladesh
Mecodina lankesteri Leech, 1900 Sichuan
Mecodina leucosticta Hampson, 1926 Singapore
Mecodina metagrapta Hampson, 1926 Bali
Mecodina mollita (Warren, 1913) Ichang
Mecodina nigripuncta Hampson, 1926 Ghana
Mecodina nubiferalis (Leech, 1889) Japan
Mecodina ochrigraphta Hampson, 1926 southern Nigeria
Mecodina odontophora (Swinhoe, 1895) Meghalaya
Mecodina placida (Moore, 1882) western Bengal
Mecodina praecipua (Walker, 1865) Sri Lanka
Mecodina ruficeps Hampson, 1895 Nagas
Mecodina rufipalpis Hampson, 1926 Angola
Mecodina sichotensis (Kurentzov, 1950) south-eastern Siberia
Mecodina subcostalis (Walker, 1865) northern China
Mecodina subviolacea (Butler, 1881) Japan
Mecodina umbrosa (Hampson, 1893) Sri Lanka
Mecodina variata Robinson, 1969 Fiji

References

Calpinae
Moth genera


Can you explain to me how the proposed new pay scales/bands would work? I am currently in a phase 4 position- would I remain in a phase 4 in the new system. What if I don't agree with my placement?
Your bargaining team had very preliminary talks at negotiations with the employer in regards to a proposed pay band system. We had identified many things that we wanted more clarity on. We believe in their haste to bring an offer to the table, the employer glossed over many of the things that will impact you the member, one of them being having no appeal mechanism to challenge these new placements.
How would essential services work if we went out on strike? Who would be deemed essential?
The positions that would be deemed essential would be negotiated between the employer and CUPE 1975. In the event of a disagreement the labour board will be involved.
Can CUPE 1975 send me a personal email like the employer to keep me posted on any updates on my USASK email account?
CUPE 1975 does not have access to the employers email system. All emails CUPE 1975 sends through USASK email have to be approved and edited by the employer first. We will continue to keep you the member posted through our Web Page, your personal email system where members have provided your personal emails (no USASK), our Facebook page and mail outs.
The negotiating team has provided answers to the questions you may have in regards to negotiations and upcoming strike vote.


IT Industry is a place for the deserving candidate only. It requires High level of competency. Since this industry has become the backbone of the industry it has a place for all type of candidates. The salary package may range from one lac per annum to three lac per annum. A candidate may keep improving as per his or her competency level. We have abeen fortunate to produce many students with complete dedication in our venture for the last 6 years. We have been getting constant support from all the major names of the indsustry since our inception. The crown in the jewel being CMERI ( one of the most acclaimed scientific research centre of Govt of India) when it extended support to our students in grroming them profesionally.
Placement in MCA and BCA has been consistently acheived for all those students keeping 80% and above attendance.
The following companies have been our regular channel partners in providing regular placement to our students since last five years.


text:
Welcome to Global Strategy I: How The Global Economy Works!
Global Strategy I: How The Global Economy Works
伊利诺伊大学香槟分校
課程 3(共 7 門,Global Challenges in Business 專項課程)
Starting in the late 1990s, "globalization" became a buzzword to describe the apparent integration of markets in the world economy. Many authors and pundits claimed that the world was converging towards a market-friendly democratic place, while gurus and consulting firms were rapidly producing formulae and advice on how to make profits out of the global economy. Decades later, new realities show that globalization does not necessarily mean political, cultural, and economic convergence and that, in fact, forces against it are strong. This course seeks to help you understand the forces of globalization and how cross-cultural management and the relationship of a multinational organization to various host countries is becoming more and more critical in today's global economy. This course begins with the discussion of these issues and global relationships and delves into a deeper understanding of business strategy in today's global business marketplace. You will be able to: • Understand how we got to the present moment of globalization and why it matters • Understand the complexities of the current globalization, recognizing not all countries are the same • Evaluate the effects of international trade regulations on international business • Evaluate when and why companies operate as multinationals This course is part of Gies College of Business' suite of online programs, including the iMBA and iMSM. Learn more about admission into these programs and explore how your Coursera work can be leveraged if accepted into a degree program at https://degrees.giesbusiness.illinois.edu/idegrees/.
What a perfect and concise course!. I would highly recommend it to get good knowledge of mechanism of world economy.!
This is a great learning experience. The course is very interesting and insightful.
Course Orientation
You will become familiar with the course, your classmates, and our learning environment. The orientation will also help you obtain the technical skills required for the course.
Welcome to Global Strategy I: How The Global Economy Works!2:40
Know More about Professor Bucheli2:25
Learn on Your Terms0:30
Marcelo Bucheli
選擇語言ptPt俄語(Russian)德語(German)意大利語法語(French)英語(English)西班牙語(Spanish)越南語阿拉伯語(Arabic)
[MUSIC] My name is Marcelo Bucheli from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, in the United States. Please let me welcome you to this Global Global Strategy I Course, How the World Economy works. Here, we will explore the general elements, defining the integration of the world economy. How nations operate in this world economy the different institutions that permit these, and the effect this has on business. So please join me in this journey around the world. That will take us to an understanding, on how to operate in this exciting global economy. [MUSIC]


Klue Productions - Photography & Video Production.With over 20 years experience, Charles Klue is a KwaZulu-Natal/Durban based Photographer and Videographer who has studied all the Arts. He is known Internationally and locally for his Artistic and Creative work as seen on TV & Radio and has also featured in many overseas Publications. He has a fully equipped Photographic and Video production Studio with Green Screen capabilities for photographic and video effects with animation. When acquiring a Photographer or Videographer for your big day, these are the skill sets you should be looking for.


text:
AAX to Make a Foray Into the Lion City, Welcomes Singapore Users
Singapore, February Feb 11, 2021 — Cryptocurrency exchange AAX opens its doors to Singapore users after being granted the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) Exemption of Provision of Digital Payment Token Services last year. The exchange has submitted its license application to the MAS and is committed to setting up a dedicated Singapore fiat to cryptocurrency platform supporting key cryptocurrencies such as BTC, ETH, BCH, LTC and other key cryptocurrencies, with SGD exclusively for Singapore users. The exchange also plans to build a local presence in Singapore with key functions such as compliance, marketing, treasury & account management.
In catering to both retail and institutional investors, AAX is known for operating LSEG Technology's Millennium Exchange, the same matching engine that powers London Stock Exchange. In December 2020, the crypto platform introduced Singapore Dollars (SGD) fiat on- and off-ramps for traders along with 10 other global fiat currencies.
"Singapore is really at the forefront of financial innovation, considering its position as one of the main business hubs in Asia Pacific and its forward-looking approach to regulation," says Thor Chan, CEO of AAX.
In January, fiat purchases of cryptocurrency on the platform surpassed November's figure within the first five days of January, with $1.5 million worth of digital assets added to portfolios.
After just one year in business, AAX has gained 500,000 users globally, and has ranked in the top 5 on TokenInsight's liquidity ranking.
"Operating out of Singapore is an important strategic move for accessing global capital. With the expansion of our team in Singapore, the provision of our FIX connectivity, we are expecting 10x growth in trade volume in 2021, as well as funds and family offices onboarding."
About AAX
AAX is a deep-liquidity and deeply trusted cryptocurrency exchange that is favored by more than half a million users. Powered by London Stock Exchange's LSEG Technology, AAX offers crypto futures contracts, 50+ spot pairs, P2P fiat trading, savings products and top-grade API connectivity. AAX enables users to buy bitcoin easily via its OTC or Fast Buy platforms and supports over 20 fiat currencies.
Image by Jason Goh from Pixabay


text:
Shri Gangajali Education Society (SGES), established in 1994, provides education in the fields of arts, sciences, engineering, management, pharmaceuticals, nursing and education (B.Ed/M.Ed). It is situated in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh. The society runs twelve institutions, known collectively as the Shri Shankaracharya Group.

Institutions
The following institutions are managed by the society.

Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus
Shri Shankaracharya College of Engineering and Technology, Bhilai
 Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya Engineering College, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Technology & Management, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Junwani, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Bhilai
Swami Swaroopanand Institute of Education, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya College of Nursing, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya Vidyalaya, Hudco, Bhilai
Jagadguru Shankaracharya College of Education, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya Vidyalaya, Sector 6, Bhilai
Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Professional Management and Technology, Raipur

Adi Shri Shankaracharya Welfare Society

Adi Shri Shankaracharya Welfare Society, originally called Adi Shankaracharya, was established in 2012 by SGES with the aim of facilitating charitable, social, cultural, educational, vocational and economic development. As a pre-establishment activity, the society organized a program to train primary school students about computer education in 2010.

References

External links

Education in Bhilai
Education in Chhattisgarh
Engineering colleges in Chhattisgarh
Educational organisations based in India


The Telecom Commission (TC) has blamed the TRAI to have allowed Reliance Jio 4G to jeopardize the health of Telecom sector in India.
The TC, an inter-ministerial panel has pulled up Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) for approving free offers beyond the allowed time.
According to the sources, Reliance Jio 4G free services have cost the government about Rs 685 Crore.
The government of India collects spectrum usage charges and license fees from telecom operators based on their revenue generated.
With free offers from Reliance Jio 4G, the tariffs have reduced, resulting in a net loss for the government.
According to the media reports, based on the current trend, the revenue is likely to decrease about 8% to 10% more.
Lower income would affect the Indian Telecom at large. The Telecom operators at present owe over Rs. 1 lakh crore for the spectrum charges and over Rs. 4 lakh crore to the Indian banks.
About 20% of the revenue has been lost to the Indian Telecom industry with the incredible free offers from Reliance Jio 4G, says India ratings and research.
Jio has been offering all its customers free data, voice and text services from September 2016.
With the offers from Reliance Jio 4G, other telecom operators like Bharti Airtel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular have also reduced their tariff rates to keep up with the competition. This has led to a potential decrease in their income as well.
Telecom operators like Bharti Airtel, Vodafone, and Idea Cellular have raised their concerns over the financial impact of the free services from Jio at multiple levels.
TRAI should implement the orders of the TC and have a control over the promotional offers and mobile tariffs.
There is a true scope of development when Jio is involved in public spat along with the other telecom players like Bharti Airtel, Idea cellular and Vodafone.


The VWR VX-2500 Multi-Tube Vortexer Model 945057 is designed to hold up to 50 test tubes, vials or cylinders. With the top of the vessel secured in place, the bottom moves freely in a defined 3.6mm eccentric orbit. Two stainless steel posts hold support plate securely in place for quiet mixing. Features solid-state electronic control that allows adjustable speed from 1200 to 2400 rpm and an automatic timer adjustable from 0 to 60 seconds.


text:
Pope Francis Buys Knockoff Chalice At Store In Vatican City Chinatown
SEE MORE: WorldSEE MORE: World
His Holiness Pope Francis says bargains abound in Vatican's Chinatown if you know where to look and are okay with stuff that's not exactly top of the line.
VATICAN CITY—Praising the district's vast selection of inexpensive goods and its vendors' willingness to negotiate prices, Pope Francis reportedly spent Thursday afternoon strolling through Vatican City's Chinatown before purchasing a knockoff golden chalice.
Holy See officials said that after leading Mass at St. Peter's Basilica, the Bishop of Rome walked the three blocks to the sprawling ethnic Chinese neighborhood known for selling anything from Pentecost fireworks to bootleg homily DVDs, as well as countless other deeply discounted ecclesiastical items.
"I love coming down here every now and then to explore and maybe pick up a few things if I happen upon a good price," said the pontiff, pausing briefly beside a booth where colorful plastic rosaries hung from a rack and thuribles stamped with the words "Catholic Church" were piled in a bin. "They don't always have the highest-quality stuff, but if you hunt around you can get a great deal on something at least halfway decent. If I really dig, I know I can find a chalice that'll transubstantiate wine into the blood of Christ pretty much as well as the real thing."
"And even if the stem snaps or the jewels come unglued, I'm only out a few bucks," he added. "I can just get another."
"I love coming down here every now and then to explore and maybe pick up a few things if I happen upon a good price."
In addition to retail, the Vatican Chinatown is reportedly home to dozens of storefronts touting alternative sacramental services such as herbal baptisms or reflexology treatments for the sick and dying, often demonstrated on small televisions playing looped video of priests performing the rites. Behind the shops that line Via Pio X and Via di Porta Angelica, penitents can also descend into one of the area's basement confessional parlors and be absolved of their sins at a cost of three for $5 or seven for 10.
However, due to the quasi-legal nature of some merchants' business practices, the area is regularly patrolled by members of the Swiss Guard on the lookout for scams. Pope Francis himself has reportedly witnessed sellers hawking what they claimed were the bones of saints or patches of the Shroud of Turin, but who then quickly rolled up their blankets and scattered as soon as they caught sight of the guards.
"You do have to be careful—one time I bought a Latin Vulgate Bible, but when I got home I realized it just cut off right in the middle of Leviticus," said the pontiff, glancing at himself in a mirror, wearing the visored miter he was considering purchasing. "When I tried to take it back, the lady screamed at me, 'All sales final!' What am I going to do, get into a whole thing with her?"
Added the Vicar of Christ, "Oh well, lesson learned."
As he walked under an ornate Paifang into another winding alleyway of awnings, Pope Francis reportedly stopped at the open-air shop where he buys whole fish in bulk during Lent. Afterward, witnesses said the pontiff bought a mango bubble tea and partook in some window-shopping at various stores selling Ray-Ban sunglasses, swords supposedly used by Templar Knights during the 12th-century crusades, and unlocked smartphones.
"Cardinal Giuseppe told me about this great karaoke place down on Sant'Anna near the Vatican Library that has a huge selection of all the best hymns," Pope Francis said as he passed by a dim sum stall posting a small menu in both Chinese and rudimentary liturgical Latin. "I think it's the perfect spot for our midnight Mass afterparty when all the visiting bishops are in town this December. Boy, I'm really going to have to practice my 'Ave Maria' before then."
"It's so nice to have some things around here that are open on Christmas," he added.
At press time, several vendors were aggressively waving the pope into their shops with the promise of name-brand ecclesiastical vestments at 75 percent off retail price.


We made This Carrier , use only our technology We called "IGNIS" "We always ready for Attack from bandit!"
Hi. I'm from S.korea. I'm manager of virtual airline "LUCKY AIR" & This Squadron. I'll show you our squadron movie. please enjoy movie.


text:
Bristol Type 170 Superfreighter был модернизированной версией Bristol Freighter, но назначался для транспортного и пассажирского перелета. Был изготовлен и использован компанией Silver City Airways для коротких паромных перелетов во Францию.

Разработка
Во время Второй Мировой войны Королевские ВВС Великобритании для военно-транспортных перевозок использовали несколько моделей самолетов, которые не были специально приспособлены для этих целей. Требовался самолет, способный обеспечить высокую интенсивность транспортных перевозок при минимальных затратах времени на погрузочно-разгрузочные работы.

Проектирование грузового транспортного самолета фирма "Бристоль" начала на заключительном этапе войны в 1944 году. Самолет создавался на базе десантного самолета Bristol 130 Bombay. Главный конструктор проекта А. Рассел в основу проекта заложил требования максимально удешевить конструкцию и обеспечить минимальные эксплуатационные затраты.

Размеры и общий вид проектируемого самолета определялись требованиями британской армии обеспечить перевозку стандартного трёхтонного армейского грузовика или аналогичного груза. Предполагалось использовать самолет для десантных операций в Бирме. Однако, пока проектировали самолет, война закончилась и военные потеряли интерес к этому проекту. Чтобы спасти проделанную работу, конструкторы фирмы адаптировали проект военно-транспортного самолета в грузопассажирский.

Министерство снабжения Великобритании финансировало создание гражданского варианта самолета. С фирмой "Бристоль" был заключен контракт на строительство двух прототипов для полного цикла испытаний, двух прототипов для демонстрационных полетов и 25  серийных самолетов.

Анализ рынка пассажирских перевозок показал, что проектируемый самолет будет иметь спрос на региональных маршрутах в слаборазвитых и отдаленных районах в качестве пассажирского. Поэтому одновременно строились две модификации. Первая с большой грузовой дверью в носовой части фюзеляжа и усиленным полом - грузовой Type 170 Mk I Freighter (Фрейтер). Вторая модификация без грузовой двери, с пассажирским салоном на 36 мест - пассажирский Type 170 MK II Wayfarer (Уэйфэрер).  Обе модификации имели иллюминаторы по бортам, аварийные выходы и отопление салона.

Type 170 был первым из проектов Bristol Aeroplane Company после Второй Мировой Войны. У этого самолета была малая дальность полета. Самолет представлял собой высокоплан с двухстворчатой носовой дверью, кабиной экипажа над грузовым отсеком, неубирающимся шасси и двумя установленными в крыле двигателями Bristol Hercules с гильзовым распределением газовой смеси.

Уэйфрэрер имел цельную носовую часть, боковую входную дверь, а также усиленный грузовой пол. Но также существовал в нескольких разных компоновок интерьера и вмещал в себя до 32 пассажиров, кухню и туалет.

Но в 1953 был разработан и Superfreighter , который вмещал два-три автомобиля и до 23 пассажиров. Позднее был разработана другая версия Super Wayfarer, которая вмещала в себя уже 60 пассажиров и использовалась для многоканальных рейсов в Европу.

Первые полёты и испытания
Первый полёт опытного самолета Freiter (первый прототип) состоялся 2 декабря 1945 года с заводского аэродрома в Филтоне. По окончании заводских испытаний самолет был передан Королевским ВВС (RAF) для эксплуатационных испытаний.

Второй прототип Wayfarer, пассажирская версия, вмещавшая 32-места, совершила первый полет 30 апреля 1946 г.

Третий прототип , полностью укомплектованный грузовой вариант, в августе 1946 года отправился в демонстрационный вояж по странам Северной и Южной Америки. Там он был передан канадским авиакомпаниям для эксплуатационных испытаний. В марте 1948 года самолет вернулся на завод.

Четвертый прототип, полностью оборудованный пассажирской вариант, прошел полный цикл заводских и эксплуатационных испытаний. 7 июля 1946 года пассажирский вариант получил сертификат летной годности. Успех проведенных испытаний способствовал получению большого количества заказов.

По результатам эксплуатационных испытаний размах крыла увеличили на 3,05 метра для увеличения подъёмной силы. Это повлекло за собой установку более мощных двигателей. Полученный самолет обозначили Type 170 Freighter Mk 21. Самым известным вариантом стал Type 170 Superfreiter Мk 32 с фюзеляжем, удлиненным на 1,52 метра.

Конструкция Bristol 170 Freighter (Wayfarer)
Цельнометаллический свободнонесущий высокоплан с двумя поршневыми двигателями и неубираемым шасси.

Фюзеляж - типа полумонокок. Состоит из трех основных частей: округлой носовой, средней прямоугольного сечения и хвостовой.

В варианте Freighter в носовой части фюзеляжа расположен большой грузовой люк и рампа для самостоятельного заезда в грузовой отсек колесной техники. Грузовой отсек длиной 9,65 м, шириной 2,06 м и высотой 2,03 м.

В варианте Wayfarer на месте грузового отсека расположен пассажирский салон на 32 места. Девять рядов кресел, по два кресла по бортам с центральным проходом.

В обоих вариантах пилотская кабина расположена в носовой части фюзеляжа, над отсеком полезной нагрузки.

Крыло - двухлонжеронное состоит из трех частей: центроплан, прямоугольный в плане и две отъёмные консоли, трапециевидные в плане. Передняя кромка крыла имеет небольшую стреловидность, задняя кромка прямая.

Хвостовое оперение - однокилевое классической схемы. Киль имеет стреловидность по передней кромке. Стабилизатор прямоугольный в плане.

Шасси - трехопорное с хвостовым колесом. Основные опоры имеют пружинно-жидкостную амортизацию.

Силовая установка - два 14-цилиндровых двухрядных поршневых двигателя воздушного охлаждения  Bristol Hercules, установленных в аэродинамических мотогондолах на центроплане. В зависимости от модификации самолета устанавливались двигатели Bristol Hercules различной мощности. Воздушный винт четырехлопастной диаметром 4,04 м.

Управление - смешанное: рулями высоты и направления тросовое, грузовой дверью и закрылками электрогидравлическое.

Электрическая система - 24 В с питанием от электрогенераторов с приводом от обоих двигателей.

Приборы - автопилот, указатель скорости, альтиметр, поперечный кренометр, компас, тахометр.

Эксплуатация
 Air Charter
 Air Ferry
 British Air Ferries (BAF)
 British United Air Ferries (BUAF)
 Channel Air Bridge
 Compagnie Air Transport (см. илл.)
 Lambair
 Midland Air Cargo
 SABENA
 Silver City Airways

Характеристики

Примечания

Самолёты Bristol


text:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class BinaryTreePaths {
    private void dfs(TreeNode tree, int deep, int[] a, List<String> res) {
        if (tree == null) return;
        a[deep] = tree.val;
        if (tree.left == null && tree.right == null) {
            a[deep + 1] = -1;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < deep + 1; ++i) {
                if (i == deep) {
                    sb.append(a[i]);
                } else {
                    sb.append(a[i]).append("->");
                }
            }
            res.add(sb.toString());
        }
        if (tree.left != null) dfs(tree.left, deep+1, a, res);
        if (tree.right != null) dfs(tree.right, deep+1, a, res);
    }
    public List<String> binaryTreePaths(TreeNode root) {
        List<String> res = new ArrayList<String>();
        dfs(root, 0, new int[100], res);
        return res;
    }

    public class TreeNode {
        int      val;
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        TreeNode(int x) {
            val = x;
        }
    }
}


text:
Q: Need correct regular expression to get MAC-Address and Port number I am trying to write a python script to retrieve Port-number and associated MAC-Address of a network switch from a browser based software I am using to monitor network.
Below is the part of source code I've to pass through regular expression-
            <input id =  "1933"type = "checkbox" onclick="javascript:SaveSelectedNodes();" />

            Fa0/18

            F4:81:39:BA:07:91
            213

            B4:A2:c1:BA:81:32
            213

So, I need to get 3 values from this source-
1-   Fa0/18
2-   MAC Address- F4:81:39:BA:07:91
3-   MAC Address- B4:A2:c1:BA:81:32
I have the regular-expression for all these two different values-
r'.+@tooltip=""">(.+)' - for the value Fa0/18
r'.+MAC:VAL.+(\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w:\w\w).+'  - for the mac address
But I could not develop a Regex for getting all of them together. I need to collect them at a time in somewhat below format-
Fa0/18
F4:81:39:BA:07:91
B4:A2:c1:BA:81:32

Fa0/19
<mac address-1>

FA0/20
<mac address-1>
<mac address-2>

The source of the page contains lots of entries as I gave in a sample code. There can be multiple MAC Addresses for one Port. So will have to collect those addresses also after the port collection.

A: You did not provide enough source code to know where is it safe to split the text. But assuming 'tooltip' is unique enough, that should do the job:
import re

def findall_macs(source):
    fragments = source.split('tooltip')
    for frag in fragments:
        title = ""
        if re.findall('=""">(.+?)<', frag):
            title = re.findall('=""">(.+?)<', frag)[0]
        macs = set(re.findall('[a-zA-Z0-9]{2}\:[a-zA-Z0-9]{2}\:[a-zA-Z0-9]{2}\:[a-zA-Z0-9]{2}\:[a-zA-Z0-9]{2}\:[a-zA-Z0-9]{2}', frag))
        print title
        print "\n".join(macs)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    findall_macs(source)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Gasohol, E-85, and pure alcohol vs. "Make your own"
Hot cars run better on hot fuel!
More power, and still getting 24 miles per gallon at 80 mph!
The basic dilemma for converting engines over to a new fuel is like the question, Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
If you convert your car to run only on alcohol, where will you buy it when you run out? When will anyone supply alcohol fuel if there arent any cars converted to run on it?
In 1980, Brazil neatly solved both problems at once, along with their problem of really low prices on the world sugar market. So the military government declared that the countrys sugar cane production would go into making alcohol for fuel, and the car manufacturing companies in Brazil will have to make cars that run on alcohol.
The result? Twenty years later, alcohol fuel is much cheaper and much more available than petrol. When you rent a car at the airport, you have a choice between clean and cheap ethanol or a dirty and more expensive petrol fueled car. Ethanol will cost you about $2.50/gallon, while gasoline will cost $4.20/gallon.
Because of the successful and widespread use of alcohol fuel in Brazil, most manufacturers now make cars that are fuel injected, and this is controlled by a computer chip that can be changed out to make it into an FFV (flexible fuel vehicle.
Controlling temperature is the key to consistant high proof.
Make your own E85 (You may already be driving a car that will run on alcohol). Click here.
To make 200 proof, you first make yourself some 180 to 190 proof, and you can make 190 proof (95% ethanol) successfully, time after time with the Charles 803 still. See Principles of Operation.
Now here is one way to get out that last 5% of water, which cannot be done with a still. (Warning, this is a bit technical: the Zeolyte process described higher up on this page is much, much easier).
If there's ethanol in the gas you buy at your local filling station, there's a slight chance that it was filtered through corn grits, using a technique developed at Purdue University. When the corn grits get saturated with water you just make more ethanol out of them! Drying of ethanol refers to the process of removing the last 5 or 10% of water, in order to make anhydrous, or "neat" alcohol.
Ladisch and his students at Purdue University found that drying of ethanol vapors saved energy and was economic. The corn industry makes ethanol by fermentation and has lots of corn grits readily available. Passing the wet vapors through a filter bed of corn grits or other drying agents removes most of the water to yield a product that is close enough to absolute ethanol. When the drying agent approaches exhaustion, it is regenerated by heating and reused. Eventually the drying agent breaks down but has potential uses elsewhere in corn processing.
180 proof ethanol is considered to be rated at about 105 octane. Anhydrous alcohol, is around 110 octane, which is why only a small amount, about 10%, has to be mixed with gasoline to increase the rating. The Indianapolis 500 race in May of every year has used straight ethanol as their primary racing fuels for over 80 years, and this is still the case. Alcohol has a lot of power, and it burns cooler, which is really great for a race car, since heat is a big enemy of engines, along with friction. The only danger of alcohol as a racing fuel is that when there is a big car wreck, the flames are pretty much invisible, so a driver can be on fire and no one will see it. Of course, now they all wear non-flammable jumpsuits. My point, however, is that in the racing industry, ethanol has a long history of being the preferred fuel. The guy who helped us teach the car conversion class used to say, "I just want to learn to make my own ethanol because I like to race cars, and the stuff is expensive."
Ethanol was also the fuel of choice for aviation fuel during World War II for both the Americans and the Germans.
Octane is a strange rating system, as they don't really count the number of octal hydrocarbons as they do when they name methane (4), propane (3), or butane, (C4H10). Octane would be, naturally, 8. But rather than measuring a percentage of octal hydrocarbons, octane is an index of how slowly a fuel burns. The slower, the better, so that the explosion of the fuel/oxygen mixture can push the piston down rather than slam it down. That is what happens when you use too low an octane fuel, say, 85 octane instead of 90, and you hear that annoying knock or pinging sound. Too make matters worse, back in the late 70's, the petrochemical boys decided to change the octane rating numbers, so that what they labelled at 90 octane was equivalent to say, 86 or 88 octane from the previous system. In other words, they changed the numbers so they could sell us a cheaper grade of gas for the same amount of money we used to pay for a higher grade.
Back in the 60's, the USA manufacturers made mostly big muscle cars, and it was common to buy big V-8 engines that had 300 horsepower, and got about 8 or 10 miles to the gallon. These engines were high compression, with compression ratios of around 12 to 1, which is perfect for ethanol. When I first started high school in 1963, and drove a motorcycle to school, gas was only $0.34 per gallon, for regular, and $0.38 for what they called ethyl or premium grade, which was 98 octane. This was first lowered so that premium was only 94 octane, and now it is only 90 or 92 octane, depending on what country you live in, while regular is only 85 to 87 octane.
The automotive industry had full advance knowledge of the changes in the octane rating system, since many member of the Board of Directors for General Motors and Ford also sat on Exxon and Union Oil Boards. So the automotive industry powered down their cars, and they advanced the timing a bit more, to compensate for the lower grade fuel. This was back when they added lead to the petrol (which they still do in China), to reduce octane. Lead is cheaper than alcohol or MTBE, but much more hazardous to health.
In the early 80s, the US public discovered the better mileage of Japanese built cars, with their smaller engines and higher RPMs, so the US automotive industry went into a huge slump, and Toyota and Datsun (now Nissan) became one of the most popular cars in the world.
A real complete ethanol conversion, according to our racing car specialist, in addition to drilling out the carburetor jets and replacing all plastic and rubber gaskets in the carburetor with one which would not dissolve in ETOH. (Paper gaskets worked fine.) It also meant changing out the pistons for hemispherical racing pistons, and shaving the heads to reduce the cylinder volume and thus increase compression.
Later cars were manufactured to handle this lower grade fuel. The term gasohol, used throughout the USA in the early 80's, was a mix of 10% anhydrous (without water) grain alcohol. Arco (Atlantic Richfield) was one of the first to use this mix to up the octane on their petrol, and they bought a sugar cane processing plant in Louisiana and started making their own alcohol. It allowed them to eliminate the lead, hence the term, unleaded. Soon the big 5 oil companies all had ethanol distillation plants in the Southern US, and I believe they all still do. The authoritative history of ethanol production and use is to be found in back issues of Gasohol, USA, published by Charles Walters, Jr., at Box 9547 , Kansas City, Missouri, 64133. I do not know if this address still works, but it has been years since this magazine went out of business. This same publisher still publishes Acres, USA. I recently recommended this magazine to an organic farmer, and she was delighted to find that they have a whole library of books available. They may still sell a book which Charles Walters wrote on ethanol. Anyway, all of the above is but a tailgate view of automotive history from the viewpoint of an old farmer (I grew up on a dairy farm, and also kept bees for over 20 years).
In terms of lubrication, there are several manufacturers who make what they call, synthetic oil. Now, what this really is, my former contacts in the oil industry tell me, is biodiesal! It is vegetable oil which is has been converted into certain ethyl esters with the addition of 10% anhydrous grain alcohol, i.e., ethanol. Amsoil was the first to come out with this, and it sold for 5 to 6 times the price of a quart of oil, but part of the high price was due to the fact that they decided the best way to reach the market was by word of mouth, of people using this, themselves. So they started a multi-level marketing organization, like Amway, to sell it. Later, Mobil came out with Mobil One, then Castrol offered a synthetic oil, and now most oil companies have a synthetic oil which they claim can go 20,000 miles between oil changes (instead of the usual 3,000 to 5,000 miles).
I recently talked with a Porsche salesman, and their dealership sells all brand new Porches (we are talking cars in the ($70 to 80,000 price range, with a top speed of 180 miles per hour, with synthetic oil in the engine! Then they brag that these cars only need an oil change once every 15,000 miles. These cars are made to be able to sustain cruising speeds of 120 to 140 miles per hour on the German Autobahn, and the factory backs them up on this synthetic oil, so you know it is good stuff! One of the main reasons that this oil last longer is that it is less susceptible to oxidation, which is one of the things that changes the composition of regular oil. Second, it provides superior lubrication because the molecules are much smaller, thus, slipperier.
The one question I never got answered, however, is, if you drive a car on ethanol fuel, it seems to me that the synthetic oil would degrade a bit faster due to small amounts of blow-by, which is what you call it when small amounts of burning gases make it past the piston rings, going the reverse direction of where you want them to go. Ethanol is too good a solvent, sometimes. This would dilute the oil a bit more, I believe, but I do not know the overall effect of this. I always used regular 30-W or 10-30W oil, and had no problems whatsoever on the lubrication side. I just had to change my fuel filter every time I changed oil, as I picked up a bit of rust form the gas tank.
To build your own 180 proof still, order the blueprints with very clearly written, easy to follow instructions with photos. Click on the Paypal button, above, to send $30.00 via Visa or Mastercard.
How pure do you want (or need) it?
OK, you can find a lot of discussion on the Web about making 190-proof pure grain alcohol. These discussions are mostly for home distiller enthusiasts who are only thinking in terms of making drinking alcohol. Naturally, if you are going to drink it, you want to make sure it is free from any small amounts of poisonous byproducts like methanol and fusil oils, as well as any traces of heavy metals like lead or mercury. But when you are burning it in your engine, anything that contributes to combustion should be left in, really. So there is no need to do any fine filtering, other than a paper filter like a coffee filter (for small amounts) or an in-line paper cartridge water filter for larger amounts. All you need to do is make sure there arent any particles which could clog your carburetor or fuel injectors.
Next, in terms of proof, how high does it need to be? You are never going to make 200 proof alcohol in a still, because you always come up against a physical limitation which has to do with the concentration of vaporized ethanol molecules at a specific temperature. This is known as the azeotropic equilibrium barrier, and is beyond the scope of this article. So 190 to 192 proof is as high as you can make with any still, no matter how efficient it is. To get the last 5% of water out of the ethanol can require just as much energy as it did to get out the first 95%. But it can be filtered out through corn grits (see the link on this page) to make 100 % anhydrous alcohol.
Now, you don't need anhydrous alcohol unless you intend to mix it with gasoline (petrol). You may want to do this for the simple reason that you wouldn't have to do very much in the way of converting your engine, as you can make your own E-85.
E-85 is, as you might guess, 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline (plus some anti-corrosion additive). This is quite differnt than a product sold in the 1980s, called Gasohol, which was gasoline with 10% ethanol. This name confused people, and they didn't know if they could use it or not, even though it would work in any engine. So they went over to calling it "Unleaded Premium". This is a pretty good way to extend your gas mileage and also is a pretty safe way to use alcohol as a fuel, for the simple reason that if you ever run out of your home-made gasohol, you can mix it with unleaded gasoline. Then you are back on the road again. But the only kind of alcohol which will mix with gasoline (petrol) is 100% (200 proof) ethanol. If you have any water content in your home-made ethanol, it will separate out once you mix it with petrol. Water is heavier than gasoline, so it forms a thin layer at the bottom of the fuel tank of you car, and then gets sucked up by your fuel pump and your engine will cough and die. This isn't the end of the world, as you can get it removed by adding a bit of methanol to your tank (it is sold as "Gas Dryer" or various other winterizing products at automotive parts stores).
Now for those of us who like to run on pure alcohol which has no nasty petrol mixed in with it, then 160 to 170 proof is plenty high enough. You can get great mileage on this if you do a full conversion to alcohol, but you will be out of luck if you run out of fuel, unless you make your car a duel-fuel vehicle (which many people did back in the early 1980s, by installing a duel carburetor setup.) See my Web pages, Going Down the Road.
You do not have to try to do anything different to get your 190 proof, (95% ethanol) other than to closely monitor the temperature setting of the automatic control valve. You may have to do an elevation correction (if you are living in the mountains) to make sure you know precisely what temperature to set it at, but the overall idea is that the top area of the reflux column, just before the vapors rise into the condenser section, must be controlled at precisely 2 degrees F above the condensation point of alcohol which is 174 F. Then you have pure alcohol moving up, and the condensed water never goes any higher. This is thoroughly explained on my web page, Principles of Operation.
The automatic control valve I use is a thermostatic water valve, which opens on temperature rise. You will never get the precise control you require from trying to control the rate the water boils with an electric heating element. That is like cooking on an electric stove. The big problem is that the pot always boils over, right? Wouldn't you rather cook with gas? Furthermore, you are much less likely to burn your mash if you have any particulates that come out of solution in the wash, even after it has been filtered. You have sugar, therefore you have carbon. You know what it is like to clean out a blackened stainless steel cooking pot. You don't want that burned taste to get into subsequent batches, so better to cook with gas, and also better to use a reflux column like mine which can precisely control the temperature inside the reflux column on a graduated basis, so that you have a reverse heat flow going on inside the reflux column. Trying to control temperature at the condenser section is like closing the barn door after the horses have escaped. This still design was built by myself and a group of a dozen people, including three engineers. We refined the design with four different generations of successive models. This still is as different from the tabletop pot stills as a new Lexus is from a '57 Chevy. Those early models have their charm, but to make enough to be used as a fuel, you want some serious production. Read my explanation of how this still works, in Principles of Operation, as well as the chapter on Safety and Boiler operations. People who buy my still plans will also get a chapter on How to handle high volumes of mash and fluid handling.
I have produced well over a thousand gallons of high proof alcohol in the many different stills I have built over the past twenty years. Sure, my intention was and continues to be using ethanol for fuel, but the principals are the same. I can and have produced 195 proof on my first run, it is just that when I am talking about 180 proof in my web pages, it is because this is a more efficient fuel in terms of getting more miles per gallon when you are replacing gas with homemade brew in your tank. In fact, you get better mileage than you would on gas. I sell the blueprints for my still, just go to my Contact Us page for info on this. Also, I sell the temperature control valve for $290. I have looked for years, and haven't found anything better than what I have been using all along. You can see the valve on the left side of this photo, on the left side of this page. Also, once you buy the plans and build the still, I am happy to be available to answer all your question via email.
Rule 1: Gas and water don't mix!
Rule 2. High tuning for high performance.
Rule 3. Carry an extra can!
Water and gas don't mix.
This means you have to decide whether to convert your car to run on homemade high proof (then you are truely independant from relying on nasty and greedy oil companies like Esso/Exxon. ) For the best performance, you will need to change the size of your jets in yor carbuerator (if you have one) or the fuel/air mix of the elctronic fuel injectors. You would also want to up the compression ratio to 12 to 1 by installing racing pistons. Finally, you may need to actually install a separate fuel tank so that if you want to switch between petrol and alcohol fuel, you can do this with a bypass valve/switch, without having to drain the tank. If you have a little bit of 180 proof in the bottom of your tank and add petrol, the water in the alcohol will separate out and sink to the bottom. To get it out without draining the tank, you have to add either some 100% alcohol or better, some methanol (which is sold as a de-icer in automotive parts stores).
Up the compression ratio, change your fuel jets, advance your timing until it runs really smooth, and watch for cops in your rear view mirror!
If you change over to home-made fuel, carry enough to get you home again. Henry Ford built the Model T to run on either gas or alcohol, because "There are more stills in this country than gas stations!"We used to be able to buy alcohol back in the 1920's, until Standard Oil of Pennsylvania started the "gas wars" by selling gas at $0.05/gallon for just long enough to run the "Alky sellers" out of business.
My basic philosophy when it comes to petroleum is, don't trust the oil companies! Now, I usually buy gas just like everyone else, but having had the freedom of being able to make my own fuel, and finding that I got great performance on it, I did a bit of digging to see what the truth was behind the myths that the oil iindustry was putting out.
1. Ethanol doesn't have as much energy as gasoline. 86,000 BTU's vs. 126,000 BTU's.
Answer: Burning it in an open flame to boil water is not the same as burning it in an internal combustion engine. Ethanol burns slower which is better for transfering power to the piston. It is a well know fact that only 14 to 18% of the energy in gasoline is used effectively, as most of it is lost in heat, as well as some unburned emisions. I have been able to get the same mileage out of 180 proof as I did with unleaded. If you start using E-85, you will get about 10 to 15 % less mileage, but pay about 20% less per gallon of fuel. If you modify your engine to optimize it for this high octane 106-fuel, your mileage will be the same as on gasoline.
2. Ethanol takes more energy to make than you get out of it.
Not true. This is some very old propaganda. modern commericial distilleries making 40 gallons per year each are usually only using about one-third the BTU value of the final 200 proof Ethanol product they are selling. See my web page, "More or less energy"
3. Ethanol is highly corrosive.
This is nothing that can't be solved with a modern understanding of coatings, gasket materials, adhesives, and fuel additives In fact, VW, GM, Ford and many other companies have made ethanol fuel cars designed to run on alcohol. The other issue is that E85, which is 85% anhydrous alcohol and 15% gasoline has corrosion inhibitors to enable this fuel to be sold on the open market (about 15 states in the midwest sell this fuel).
4. Ethanol is high in emmisions.
High compression engines work best on ethanol.
Click here for a fairly comprehensive report on the net energy gain in commercial alcohol production. Written in 1997, it gives detailed information on emmisions and reduction of greenhouse gases. Page 11 concludes that cars using E85 will have 50 to 60% reductions in fossil fuel emmisision (even though they are including the fossil energy use in growing, transporting, grinding, cooking, and distilling the corn into ethanol)!