Methocarbamol is employed to take care of muscle spasms/pain. It is usually used along side rest, physical therapy, and other therapy. It functions helping flake out the muscle tissue.
Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually three or four times each day.
The dosage is based in your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or often take it more than recommended. Your trouble shall perhaps not improve any faster, and your threat of unwanted effects will increase.
Tell your doctor if your condition will not enhance or if it worsens.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away in the event that you notice any symptoms of a serious hypersensitive reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), serious dizziness, difficulty breathing.
Phone your physician for medical advice about negative effects. You may possibly report effects that are side FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.
In Canada - Phone your doctor for medical advice about part effects. You might report effects that are side wellness Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
Before taking methocarbamol, tell your physician or pharmacist if you have any other allergies if you are allergic to it; or. This product may contain inactive ingredients, that may cause allergic reactions or other problems. Speak to your pharmacist for more details.
Before making use of this medication, inform your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: liver disease.
This drug will make you dizzy or drowsy or cause vision that is blurred. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Avoid beverages that are alcoholic.
Before having surgery, tell your medical professional or dentist about all the products you use (including prescribed drugs, nonprescription medications, and herbal services and products).
Older grownups may be more responsive to the relative adverse effects of this drug, especially confusion, dizziness, or drowsiness. These adverse effects can increase the risk of falling.
During pregnancy, this medication should be utilized only when clearly needed. Discuss the potential risks and benefits with your medical professional.


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Many Thanks to our new FSA Volunteer, DAVA, who works at the TLC Medical Center in South Pasadena, and ran an amazing food/toy drive for FSA over the holidays.
Dava is a is an emergency and general practice veterinary technician and a compassionate vegan, focused not only the welfare of animals, but on human rights. She's currently enrolled as a student at the Aveda Institute of Los Angeles, and upon graduation would like to form a non-profit organization teaching the trade of cosmetology to women who have been victims of sex trafficking. Dava is inspired by being surrounded by amazing people and animals who "make me realize how much of a difference we can all make if we just make an effort".
Thanks again, Dava! We're so happy to have you involved with FSA!
Gimme Shelter – A Benefit for L.A. Animals
When: Sunday 04/14/13 7:30 PM (Doors open at 07:00 PM)
Where: The Hollywood Improv, at 8162 Melrose Avenue, Hollywood, CA 90046
Show Type: Stand Up
Description: A benefit for Friends of Shelter Animals hosted by veteran comedian Allan Havey featuring top-notch comedians and a silent auction. Guaranteed to make you smile!
Dom Irrera: Nominated, six times for an American Comedy Award, Dom Irrera's stand-up material was honed in a multi-generational Italian household in South Philadelphia with his mother, sister, grandmother, uncles and cousins all under one very big roof. A great-grandmother even lived across the street. Together there were three floors and four generations of family. His first big break was his performance on Rodney Dangerfield's "Nothing Goes Right" comedy specials for HBO. In 1989 Irrera's own HBO "One Night Stand" earned him his first CableACE award for Best Stand-Up Comedy Special. In '95 he won a second CableACE for the Showtime stand-up series he hosted, "Full Frontal Comedy". That same year he received a second CableACE nomination in the writing category for his work on Comedy Central's animated series, "Dr. Katz: Professional Therapist". He also starred in a solo stand-up special for HBO in '92 titled "Command Performance". He has performed on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno", "The Late Show with David Letterman", "Late Night with Conan O'Brien", "The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson", "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart", "The View", and has made several appearances on "Oprah". Recent credits include an all-new stand-up special titled "Comedy Central Presents", which aired on the cable network this past summer. As an avid sports fan, he hosted four seasons of Comedy Central's irreverent football show, "Offsides", where he conducted hilarious on-the-field interviews with football greats. He also hosted Comedy Central's "Behind the Scenes at the American Comedy Awards: specials in '98 and '99. Irrera was a series regular on the '98 Fox comedy "Damon" starring Damon Wayans and his guest-star credits include "Seinfeld" (he played an annoying prop comic needling Jerry in the memorable episode), "Becker", "Everybody Loves Raymond" and "King of Queens". In addition, Dom voices the character Ernie, the demolitions expert, on Nickelodeon's "Hey Arnold". His film work includes a featured role in Robert Townsend's "Hollywood Shuffle", a cameo in the Coen Bros. Film, "The Big Lebowski", "The Fourth Tenor", starring old pal Rodney Dangerfield, and he played himself in the Rodney Dangerfield / Dom De Luise film, "The Godson". Dom has performed at Montreal's prestigious "Just For Laughs Festival" and the "Cat Laughs Festival" in Kilkenny, Ireland (he's made more appearances at both festivals than any other American comic). He also has performed at the "Melbourne Comedy Festival" in Australia, and at "Edinburgh Festival's" Assembly Hall. It was there that he received the "Herald Award" for artistic excellence.
Sarah Silverman: Funny, irreverent, fearless, hardcore: all can be used to describe actress/comedienne Sarah Silverman and her unremitting style of humor. Silverman has built a career tackling controversial subjects head-on. While most might only scratch the surface, Silverman dives right into the murky depths of race, religion and sex–though she doesn't explore them as issues per se, her blase, seemingly prejudiced outbursts serve to effectively deflate taboos, her winsome, coltish looks excusing her "offenses." Silverman first appeared as a Not Ready for Prime Time Player in 1993, but immediately got herself into trouble with the NBC censors. One of her first bits was a commentary on the regular spot Weekend Update, where she joked about her desire to have an abortion, only to discover that she was only thirsty. More trouble ensued for Silverman behind the scenes, and soon found herself out of a job. S
he returned to performing stand-up, while appearing in episodes of Seinfeld (1996-1997), Star Trek: Voyager (1996-1997), The Naked Truth (1997-1998) and a recurring stint as writer Wendy Traston on The Larry Sanders Show (1996-1998). Meanwhile, Silverman landed a regular gig as Alison Kaiser on the Fox show, Greg the Bunny (2001-2002). She also made more prominent appearances in films: Evolution (2001), starring David Duchovny and Julianne Moore; Heartbreakers (2001) with Sigourney Weaver and Jennifer Love Hewitt; and School of Rock (2003), the Jack Black vehicle about an out-of-work rocker who impersonates a grade school substitute teacher, in which she plays the shrewish girlfriend of Black's doormat roommate (Mike White). Though she has appeared many times on screens both large and small, Silverman has always returned to her first love: stand-up comedy. She inked a deal with HBO to write, produce and star in her own comedy special airing in late 2003.
The deal with HBO, however, was shelved, but a deal with Comedy Central for a sketch show was scheduled to begin shooting in summer 2005. Meanwhile, Silverman was one of dozens of comedians vying to tell the dirtiest version of an old Vaudeville joke in The Aristocrats (2005), a documentary produced by Penn Jillette, the gregarious half of comedy team Penn & Teller. Though the joke contains no real punch line, the point has been to tell the most egregious version to unsettle new initiates. Silverman, of course, pushed the enveloped by pretending the joke isn't a joke at all, resulting in one of the more disturbing versions in the film. After she competed in a couple tournaments on Celebrity Poker Showdown (Bravo, 2003- ), Silverman was in episodes of Entourage (HBO, 2004- ) and Pilot Season (TRIO, 2004-2005), and voiced characters on the animated series, Drawn Together (Comedy Central, 2004- ) and American Dad (Fox, 2004- ).
She finished a busy 2005 headlining her own comedy concert film Sarah Silverman: Jesus Is Magic, in which she unleashed some of her edgiest live stand-up routines, skewered the controversy that Aoki fanned and included several humorous musical interludes in which she demonstrated a clever talent for creating scatalogical lyrics, as well as an impressive singing voice. The same year she had a brief turn as a TV producer in the big screen adaptation of the Broadway sensation "Rent" (2005).
Andy Kindler
Andy Kindler: Andy Kindler is known in comedy circles as a troublemaker. Originally from New York, and now complaining from California, he annoys people all over the world.
Andy is a frequent guest and correspondent for The Late Show with David Letterman. Each summer at the Just For Laughs Festival in Montreal he delivers the State of the Industry address to a packed ballroom filled with comics and Hollywood industry types. He is infamous for his scathing attacks on the world of entertainment, including the previously taboo practice of making fun of his fellow comedians. Just as the comedy boom of the nineties was imploding, Andy wrote the "Hack's Handbook" for National Lampoon. This "how to" guide satirized and exposed tired comedy formulas.
Andy was recently seen as a judge on the 7th season of NBC's Last Comic Standing. He is the star of two half-hour Comedy Central Presents specials and currently recurs on Disney's Wizards of Waverly Place and Fox's upcoming animation Bob's Burgers. He was also a regular comedy litigator on The Root of all Evil. Other noteworthy credits include the HBO Young Comedians Special, Late Night with Conan O'Brian, The Daily Show, Dr. Katz Professional Therapist, Home Movies and The Larry Sanders Show. Andy is often recognized for playing the life-affirming character "Andy" on the CBS sitcom, Everybody Loves Raymond.
Jerrod Carmichael
Jerrod Carmichael: Jerrod Carmichael is an LA based standup and performer originally from Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He has been crafting his standup for over three years and this year was featured in Variety as being one of the top ten comics to watch, as well as being one of the New Faces at the Montreal Just For Laughs Festival.
Jerrod is a regular around some of LA's favorite standup shows, including Meltdown, The Improv, Laugh Factory and many alternative rooms.
Allan Havey
Allan Havey: Allan Havey is considered one of the best stand-ups working today. According to the NEW YORK TIMES he is "cocksure, irreverent, and very funny". Originally from Miami, Allan arrived in New York City in 1978 and became a regular in clubs around the city after "passing" at the famous IMPROVISATION. In 1984 he was cast by LORNE MICHAELS in THE NEW SHOW, working with STEVE MARTIN, JOHN CANDY, BUCK HENRY, GILDA RADNER and a host of others. He made his "late-show" television debut in 1986 on LATE NIGHT WITH DAVID LETTERMAN, and made his tenth appearance on the show in October, 2010. In 1989 Allan was handpicked by HBO to be one of the initial hosts of The COMEDY CHANNEL, which later became COMEDY CENTRAL. He created, hosted, and produced NIGHT AFTER NIGHT WITH ALLAN HAVEY, which ran for three years and became a cult classic. During this time he also wrote and starred in two comedy specials for HBO; both were nominated for CABLE ACE AWARDS. He has made numerous appearances as a commentator on COUNTDOWN WITH KEITH OLBERMAN, and hosted THE ALLAN HAVEY SHOW on COMEDY WORLD internet radio. Allan's television work includes SEINFELD, CURB YOUR ENTHUSIASM, UP ALL NIGHT, THE SARAH SILVERMAN PROGRAM, MEN OF A CERTAIN AGE and THE OFFICE. On MTV'S PUNK'D his punking of KANYE WEST made the top ten "best pranks in television history". In 2006 he was cast as a lead in the ROB ROY THOMAS sitcom FREERIDE, which aired on FOX TELEVISION. In 2012 he guest-starred (alongside MELISSA LEO) on the Emmy Award winning show LOUIE. As a film actor he has appeared in HANCOCK with Will Smith, THE INFORMANT with Matt Damon, ROUNDERS with Ed Norton, INTERNAL AFFAIRS with Richard Gere, CHECKING OUT with Jeff Daniels, and the Jerry Seinfeld documentary COMEDIAN. Allan's standup has been represented at the JUST FOR LAUGHS COMEDY FESTIVAL in Montreal, the KILKENNY COMEDY FESTIVAL in Ireland, the ASPEN COMEDY FESTIVAL, COMIC RELIEF IV AND V, and the NEW YORK COMEDY FESTIVAL. He has toured Australia and Europe, and currently headlines in clubs and colleges across the U.S. His animated series, TRAILER HITCH can currently be seen on CINEFIX.COM. His one-man show GOD'S CAMERA is being produced by BRIAN KOPPELMAN and DAVID LEVIEN.
Greg Fitzsimmons
Greg Fitzsimmons: Mixing an incisive wit with scathing sarcasm, Greg Fitzsimmons has achieved success as a stand-up, Emmy Award winning writer and host on both radio and TV. A regular with David Letterman, Conan O'Brien, Jimmy Kimmel, and Jay Leno, Greg has made more than 50 visits to "The Howard Stern Show". He also hosts "The Greg Fitzsimmons Show," on Sirius XM's "Howard 101" and twice a week puts out the hugely popular "FitzDog Radio" Podcast.
Greg hosts a series on The Speed Channel called "Pumped" and is a frequent panelist on "Chelsea Lately". His 2011 book, Dear Mrs. Fitzsimmons, climbed the best-seller charts and garnered outstanding reviews from NPR and Vanity Fair. Greg is taping a new One-Hour standup special this summer.
Greg spent five years as a panelist on VH1's "Best Week Ever". He has two Half-Hour Specials on Comedy Central, and in 2008 Greg made his entire family proud hosting the 25th Annual "AVN Adult Movie Awards" on Showtime.
Writing credits include HBO's "Lucky Louie", "Cedric the Entertainer Presents," "Politically Incorrect w/ Bill Maher", "The Man Show" and many others. On his mantle beside the four Daytime Emmys he won as a writer and producer on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" sit "The Jury Award for Best Comedian" from The HBO Comedy Arts Festival and a Cable Ace Award for the MTV game show he hosted called "Idiot Savants".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Contents: This page was created by the Friends of Barney of the Serengeti, a non-profit, nonsensical organization chartered with the task of sharing the joy and wonder of the famed cat. While it is perhaps unusual to establish such an organization while the exploits of the distinguished feline are still so new, the inescapable character of the cat himself necessitated immediate action.
Origins of Barney: Few men alive know the true nature of Barney. Those that learn rarely live to tell the tale, usually with fingers and toes so badly scarred that they are loath to share their hard-won knowledge. Mighty Barney of the Serengeti does not release his secrets easily.
Barney of the Serengeti was born April 1998, whereabouts unknown, and landed in the Tri-Cities Animal Shelter in Fremont, California. We adopted him into our house under the pretense that he was a she, which in retrospect probably contributed to his feisty disposition. The shelter had him labeled as a female, and at 4 weeks who can tell? We initially named him Sabrina, until at 6 weeks the vet noticed that little boy plumbing was evident on his person. We were flummoxed, and unable to choose a new name for many moons. The name Barney finally presented itself as the only option after much consternation and several beers. Now don't think of the name Barney in the same light as that popular purple pleistocene critter, think more along the lines of Barney Fife of Mayberry lineage. That's the spirit of this kitty.
Barney, The Myth: The mighty Barney is a still a youthful kitty at the time of this writing, yet his exploits are already entering into local lore. Soon word of his prowess will spread and small children will fear his name. Woe betide the errant butterfly that crosses his path, or the slug that lingers too long on the patio. Barney is a vicious predator of the open plains cleverly disguised in the form of a domestic shorthair feline. He is a mighty presence in the backyard, and the birds take heed when he is released from his lair through the mystical workings of the device known as a sliding-glass door. Barney doth rule from his perch atop the backyard fence.
Barney, The Cat: Barney is an interesting phenomenon around the house. He does a decent job at pretending to be an affectionate kitty, in an effort to fit in, but the role does not suit him for long. Soon cuddles and purrs are replaced by bites and scratches, then followed quickly again by licks of affection. Barney is clearly a complex individual, and has established himself solidly within the socio-economic hierarchy that is our household. To date he's caught 11 mice, although we think some of the catches might be repeats of the same mouse. His stalking and pouncing abilities are par excellence, but his bite-their-heads-off-in-one-fell-swoop skills need work. This is probably a result of his training methods. We've helped him hone his pouncing skills to a razor fine edge through the use of the Magic Red Dot program. Hey, if he can chase down a laser pointer dot he can catch anything. Although it's tough to train his ability to 'close the sale' after the pounce when all that is left on his paws is a dot of light. We'll have to work on that one, or just acknowledge that he'll always be more of a nibbler than a chomper. However, we don't measure his worth to the collective by his mousing skills alone - his ability to contribute and inspire simply by his presence alone is always enough.


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Home » Blues Rants » Off Beat with Winnipeg Jets Nation
Off Beat with Winnipeg Jets Nation
I caught up recently with Art, from the Winnipeg Jets' blog, Jets Nation, to get his thoughts on the upcoming season and moves his team made this summer.
BR: Art, JetsNation has been incredibly welcoming to BluesRants over the last few years and we are extremely grateful for it, can you give our readers a brief reintroduction to who you are, what JetsNation is, and a little bit of your love affair with the Jets?
I am the managing editor of JetsNation.ca going into my third year in that role with the website that I've been part of for five years now. JetsNation is part of the Nation Network group of hockey sites that was started by a group of guys over at OilersNation.com well over a decade ago before they realized there were even better teams to cover than the Oilers and since branched out into having sites that cover the Flames, Canucks, Leafs, Red Wings and us as well as other hockey related resources like HockeyFights.com and PuckPedia.com.
As far as my fandom goes, I grew up in Alberta not wanting to cheer for the two clubs that everyone else in that province rooted for, so I gravitated to the 1.0 Jets. When they left, I drifted off into being a Stars fan for a handful of years before the NHL gift-wrapped the Thrashers to Winnipeg.
BR: First round exit was not what was expected of the Jets last year, but the series was pretty special for us, two years of being beaten by "destiny" teams have to feel like garbage for a passionate fanbase ready for the media to crown them as the team of "destiny", what was your reaction to the early exit?
It might surprise a lot of outside fans, but that first-round exit wasn't unexpected at all for a good majority of Jets fans. The entire season felt "off" from Hellebuyck's early struggles, the injuries to Dustin Byfuglien, Laine's prolonged slumps, rumors of infighting with the players, inconsistent play from the forward group and repeated blown third-period multi-goal leads that would end in regulation losses. Even the most optimistic of us near the end of the regular season felt that the writing was on the wall (https://jetsnation.ca/2019/03/29/these-jets-arent-going-past-the-first-round/). All that said, they actually had a pretty decent effort against St. Louis in that first round but I'd argue most fans felt a first-round exit was inevitable.
Not that it made it suck any less, it just somehow felt like a fitting end to a very disappointing season and Winnipeg sports fans are kind of used to that thing anyway.
BR: What were some of the needs that the Jets had to meet in the offseason?
Deal with the Jacob Trouba situation once and for all – which they did, not well granted, but at least it's over and done with and we can all move on. They also needed a way to fit Patrik Laine and Kyle Connor under the salary cap with one eye to NEXT summer when Josh Morrissey, Jack Roslovic and Sami Niku all have expiring RFA contracts. That last one has yet to be resolved as I write this of course.
Losing Tyler Myers and Brandon Tanev hurt, but they are also replaceable by in-house options the Jets have available to them in their prospect system for much cheaper contracts.
BR: Lots of turnover and possibly some more soon, what's the latest with Laine?
About two weeks ago Laine caused some waves by saying he didn't know where he was playing this season and didn't even think his agent and the Jets had even begun starting contract talks which obviously sounded a bunch of alarms until one realizes the Jets M.O. is usually to get these things done in the first part of September anyway. The feeling is the Jets would like to lock him in long term for a sweet Scheifele-like deal with the hopes that they lock in a future 50 goal player for less than $9 mil a season, but the Laine camp would prefer a two year bridge-type deal, bet on Patrik becoming a more all-around player and cash in big time in a few years.
BR: Thoughts about a possible floor or ceiling for the club?
I've already seen plenty of talk that the Jets could miss the playoffs outright and that certainly is possible, especially if Byfuglien continues to struggle to stay healthy, Kyle Connor and/or Laine miss any significant time due to contract issues, and Paul Maurice can't figure out how to get production from more than just the top line. As far as ceiling though? The Jets are a team that could still contend for the top spot in the division if everything goes right for them. Despite all the struggles that I mentioned the team had earlier, it was still a club that led the Central division for a good chunk of the season and the roster isn't that much different this season.
BR: Players to keep an eye on early in the year would be?
Sami Niku is going to be given plenty of chances to earn a top-four spot on defense and could be a great complement to Dustin Byfuglien. Jack Roslovic was rumored to be unhappy with how he was used last year so this could be a make or break season for him. Andrew Copp might also get some looks at a top-six forward spot on the roster. Patrik Laine of course – if he does make it to camp – will be the biggest player to watch though. In that same weekend he mentioned the contract issues, he also mentioned he was working on his upper body strength and being someone like his idol Alex Ovechkin who could use his size to his advantage.
BR: Any thoughts on happenings around the NHL?
I hope we all enjoy the last season or two that we have before we end up with CBA Armageddon II (Electric Boogaloo). There are so many NHL clubs with cap issues this summer and contracts still seem overly ridiculous (I love me some Brandon Tanev, but I have no idea on Earth how he was handed a six-year deal) that it sure feels like we could have a prolonged labor stoppage yet again.
BR: Who will win the division?
You asked me this last year and I foolishly picked my own team and thus cursed them. I won't do that to my team this year, nor will I be a bad guest and jinx your Blues. Instead, I'll pick the Avalanche to win the division and thus doom them to inevitable failure.
Art Middleton
Managing Editor – JetsNation.ca
E-Mail: jetsnationnhl@gmail.com
The Pietrangelo Problem September 15, 2020 Chris Moran
Gameday: Blues/Blackhawks, Round Robins July 29, 2020 Phillip Miller
In Retrospect: Looking Back on the Day We Won the Cup June 12, 2020 Phillip Miller
A Must Win Game – Sports in Perspective March 17, 2020 Darrin Hamlin
Pietrangelo Grabs Pair, Blues Down Ducks in 4-2 Win March 12, 2020 Phillip Miller


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A Day of Silents 2017
Sex in Chains
Essay by Shari Kizirian
The author of Eros im Zuchthaus, the basis for Sex in Chains, wasn't going to wait around for the world to change. Karl Plättner was well known to authorities as a troublemaker from his rebellious adolescence through his years as an ironworker and political organizer. Drafted at the start of World War I, he was discharged a year later with three permanently crippled fingers and joined the antiwar effort, getting repeatedly detained for distributing leaflets. While the old order crumbled—the Ottoman, Russian, and Austro-Hungarian empires fell almost simultaneously—he simmered in prison for a year and a half awaiting trial. When Germany began to roil with revolution in 1917, he was freed in a general amnesty. Fired up by what must have seemed like a red wave of worker uprisings about to sweep Europe, Plättner cofounded a branch of the International Communist Party and did battle in the streets against proto-fascist militia called Freikorps. When the November Revolution failed, Plättner became a man on the run, leading a Robin Hood-style gang that redistributed funds from banks, post offices, and company coffers. Caught in 1922, he was sentenced to a ten-year stretch and shuffled from institution to institution for bedeviling officials with demands to improve prison conditions. He also began gathering the research on the sexual life of inmates that resulted in his book describing the distress caused by prolonged denial of a basic human need, sex. Released in 1928 as the result of another amnesty, Plättner finished Eros im Zuchthaus with the help of Magnus Hirschfeld's Sex Institute, known for its advocacy of homosexual rights but which also provided health services like birth control advice in poor communities. Hirschfeld himself wrote the preface for the book when the institute published it in 1929, complete with a set of form letters for taking action.
Scholar Christian Rogowski surmises that director Wilhelm Dieterle obtained a pre-publication copy of Plättner's book (through Austrian writer Franz Höllering) to make Geschlecht in Fesseln, or Sex in Chains. Already an accomplished actor and director by this time, Dieterle caught the acting bug at sixteen while apprenticing as a carpenter. Supporting himself working as a stagehand, he eventually excelled enough as an actor to join Max Reinhardt's famous Deutsche Theatre where intimate kammerspiel productions were revolutionizing theater. He earned praise for his expressive and commanding performances in films by some of the most innovative directors working in Germany, Richard Oswald, Paul Leni, and E.A. Dupont among them. Of his role as Valentin in F.W. Murnau's Faust, set designer Robert Herlth later said, "[the] mother's room became merely a frame for the robust present of Dieterle." In 1923, he self-financed his directing debut, Der Mensch am Wege, which he also wrote and starred in, a trend he maintained throughout his German career. By 1928, Dieterle had set up an independent production company with actress and writer Charlotte Hagenbruch, to whom he had been married since 1921.
For Sex in Chains, Plättner's research was streamlined into a single story of a man and a woman forced to endure a long separation. Dieterle had learned well how to transfer the intimacy of kammerspiel to the screen, creating a tender portrayal of the young married couple struggling in the Weimar-era economy. The husband (played by Dieterle) suffers the subtle indignities of someone no longer able to provide and the wife (halo-haired Swedish actress Mary Johnson) tries to maintain appearances with neighbors and disapproving family. Moviegoers in postwar Germany would have been able to relate to the couple's fall from middle-class grace and Dieterle makes it easy for audiences to care.
Suddenly, their story takes a much darker turn. A cigarette girl at a nighttime beer garden to help make ends meet, the wife is sexually harassed by a violent customer, and her husband, waiting to escort her home, defends her in an escalating confrontation. From the coziness of home to a cramped cell of prison, the husband now faces the deprivations of incarceration, and his wife the absence of a breadwinner and lover. Prisoners are depicted as repressing sexual desire in increasingly destructive ways, going mad doing so, or resigning themselves to homosexuality for the duration. As with the couple, Dieterle wants us to regard these men with compassion, showing one frustrated inmate sculpting a female figure from his bread ration, an incident preserved from Plättner's book. Dieterle's young lover, the fresh-faced Hans Heinrich von Twardowski, is portrayed with almost as much tenderness as the wife, the men's first assignation represented by a lingering shot of their fingers beginning to intertwine across bedposts. Even as the film is billed as gay-themed today, it falls far short of endorsing homosexuality especially as Twardowski's character reappears as a threat in the latter part of the film.
Dieterle's goal was to advocate for prison reform, specifically conjugal visits for inmates, so he tried hard to avoid arousing the outrage of moralists. He left out the more graphic elements in Plättner's book and fleshed out the wife's storyline, giving her situation equal time on-screen. Critics deemed the effort a success. Film-Kurier's reviewer noted that the audience met it with "strong applause" and praised it as both entertaining and persuasive. Reichsfilmblatt reported that Dieterle "raises a delicate subject with seriousness." Still, many cuts were made by censors, in particular to the scene of the wife as she pounds on the prison door desperate to be reunited with her husband (Germany's "new woman" could not be so liberated that she actually wanted sex). There was no pleasing rightwing quarters, however, and Dieterle wrote a passionate article defending Sex in Chains against accusations as Tendenzfilm, or propaganda, a charge that threatened the film's tax status: "Tendentiousness as art! Tendentiousness toward making the subject matter come alive, not to bore, but to go ahead and entertain, to stimulate thinking." When a dry bureaucratic letter dismissed a last-ditch effort to ban the film—because it used government facilities in the production—it must have felt like vindication.
A Weimar citizen could have easily presumed that individual civil liberties would simply continue to advance. The interwar era saw plenty of volatility and despair but also openness to improving the lives and conditions of working people, increased independence of and respect for women (the Weimar constitution outlawed discrimination against women in the civil service), tolerance (in the big cities at least) toward new gender identities and the thriving Jewish population then stamping its enormous mark on the country's cultural life. But it took only ten years—from the beer-hall putsch in 1923 to the National Socialists victory in 1933—for Hitler to go from a fringe figure of ridicule to absolute dictator. The very year the Nazis seized power, Sex in Chains was permanently banned. That life could turn ugly all of a sudden was not merely a melodramatic device for movies.
Dieterle had already left for the U.S., accepting a studio offer to direct German-language versions of talkies in 1930. He went on to become an A-list director in Hollywood, compiling a sizable and eclectic body of work, including a series of acclaimed biopics, one of which, 1937's The Life of Emile Zola, garnered him an Oscar nomination. He hadn't left his politics behind and directed the early antifascist film Blockade in 1938 and, in 1939, cofounded the antifascist publication The Hollywood Tribune with Hagenbruch and another German émigré director E.A. Dupont. His efforts got him "graylisted" during Hollywood's Red Scare and he eventually returned to Germany.
Karl Plättner had stayed. He came to prefer writing to street-fighting and distanced himself from International Communism with the rise of Stalin, but the Nazis already had him on their lists. He was sent to concentration camps in 1933, 1937, and, in 1939, was condemned to a long tortuous shuffle among the deadliest, Buchenwald included. He was miraculously alive when American troops arrived in 1945, and he and another prisoner cut through the fence to free themselves. Trying to make his way home, the fifty-two-year-old succumbed at a hospital in Freising a month after Victory in Europe was declared. We don't know what hopes, if any, Plättner still harbored for changing the world when he died.
Presented at A Day of Silents 2017 with live music by Philip Carli
DirectorWilhelm Dieterle
CountryGermany
Runtime107 min
CastWilhelm Dieterle, Mary Johnson, Gunnar Tolnæs, Paul Henckels, Hans Heinrich von Twardowski, Carl Goetz
Production CompanyEssen Film Society
Original Language TitleGeschlecht in Fesseln
FPS20
Print SourceDeutsche Kinemathek
Format35mm


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"PET shows you a world of new possibilities": Dalton's story
Home > Stories > "PET shows you a world of new possibilities": Dalton's story
Dalton | 14 December 2019
I had always aspired to learn but school was not built for someone unable to keep up. I was one of those people.
Awkward, bullied and socially awkward, the work was like an unknown map in front of me. My first grade was poor, with comments such as "lack of understanding" and "unable to read". I felt a sense of panic, which never truly left me throughout my school career.
I loved to read, write and play instruments but slowly, as school carried on without me, my parents received letters with smudges on them, the sweat of me holding them, grasping these pages that would mark me for life: "shows little independence working alone", "poor reader", "good effort but lack of understanding", "try again", "unable to continue learning to play the recorder due to poor ability to read notes and keep up with the class".
I grew up with a sense of fear and I hung on to people I thought could help me, thinking that, even if those people used me, at least they knew better, at least they could help me. I needed support, I couldn't go it alone, right?
I felt the rumble of the engine; the dark windows of the wagon as it pulled out.
Before I saw the judge's eyes, I knew I would hear the sound of keys. No understanding, no voice. My youth was a case of trying to keep up, now the situation had caught up with me. The cuffs, the officers, the court advisers soaking back into the walls and paper they appeared from. Smudged, sweaty, gone.
I felt the rumble of the engine; the dark windows of the wagon as it pulled out. I looked at every cloud, traced every face that didn't even notice us travel through the city. People on buses, mothers rocking their babies while checking their phones, dogs with thick collars, panting in the heat.
The fear was no different to the fear I had let swallow me up my whole life. I saw paperwork pass hands, officers mutter, people ask me questions, repeat, "Do you understand!"
I was transferred to another prison, further away, no more visits.
Locks, barbwire, bolts, bullies, taunts, restrictions, emotions running like water out of a burst pipe. A map of a war-torn country I could not understand. Slit eyes and clenched fists.
They told me I was disruptive, that I would not be able to train for the job I wanted. Maybe they could find something. They put me in the gym where I was doing circuits and workouts for weight management.
I started to read more, go to the library, write poetry. I found writing opened my mind, felt the pages lead me to a different idea of life and what life means to me. I told my mum I was going to do education, starting with Maths, I.T. and English.
It was hard to begin with: the noise, alarms, metal detectors, officers coming in signing books. People shouted and grew agitated, which too often led to violence. Fights, drug passing in the toilet, threats.
I wanted more; I wanted to feel my mind leave this place like it did when I opened a book.
I began to see information about Prisoners' Education Trust, about funding to help people reach goals and higher education. I hesitated. I felt stupid. But then I had staff and my close friends saying, "Try. That's all you got in here. Try to be the best 'you' you can be."
I told my mum I had been accepted for funding for an Arts and Languages course. She was so ill by then, she kept coughing, but she laughed and told me that she had studied art and languages when she was young. I told her I would tell her everything and we could talk about it together. She was so excited. After my first essay had gone in, I told her about my high marks. She was overjoyed.
This course was more than anything I had ever dared to dream.
It was after that she passed away. I felt like the doors around me were slamming and locking fast. I felt dizzy and lost and spiralling like a leaf in the wind of my mind. But not for a second could I bear the thought of giving up. This course was more than anything I had ever dared to dream. It was the connection from my past, to the present with the future. Instead of trauma, hurt, confusion, a patchwork of clips to build a life, it was creating a beautiful mosaic.
It was my mother, back with me, laughing, exploring. The joy of receiving my essay, books, DVDs – the best present I had ever had; each box held a key in my mind, to open slammed doors. I knew I had to carry on: for the little me sweating in the classroom, the tired me that had to work and give up dreams, the future me who wanted to be the best I could be.
PET creates the map to show you a world of new possibilities.
It had given me hope, past the alarms and cut regime of poor staffing levels and stressed prisoners. It had given me a map, that was clear. When everyone turns their back on you and there seems like nowhere to go but a four by four, PET creates the map to show you a world of new possibilities. My mum might not be here but I truly believe that she's still excited.
Dalton's story featured in our BBC Radio 4 Appeal in December 2019, presented by columnist and broadcaster Grace Dent.
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This paper elaborates on the theoretical background, necessity, and techniques for enhancing the flexural capacity of a T-section member under combined bending and shear. The paper is based on a continuing research program seeking solutions to the design disparities arising from the introduction of new seismic codes and revised earthquake mapping prior to the tsunami and major earthquakes that occurred in South East Asia more than a decade ago. The research considered the application of external reinforcement using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets, creating confinement in the shear area, and improving the tensile strength zone. The test results suggested that the methods sufficiently increased the load-carrying capacity to meet the new provisions, but they also showed that the optimum load-carrying capacity was not reached due to debonding of the FRP sheets in the tensile zone. The work was expanded to search for a surface treatment method that could shift the failure mode from debonding to FRP rupture by performing direct shear tests on treated FRP-to-concrete bond surfaces. Using the best surface treatment method, a failed member was straightened, retrofitted, and re-reinforced in terms of both shear and tension. The experimental results showed that the load-carrying capacity of the flexural member not only increased significantly, but the surface treatment methods also overcame the interface debonding problem. This research provides a method for upgrading the flexural capacity of T-section members designed prior to the tsunami and earthquakes of 2004, and it offers a solution for cracked section repair and restoration.
The tsunami that occurred in South East Asia in 2004, which was followed by a series of earthquakes, drastically changed the approach to structural design. The major revision in the earthquake mapping in the region affects the spectrum response and storey-drift criteria, resulting in much higher load-carrying capacity requirements for concrete elements. Under severe horizontal loading, a rigid frame is subjected to high shear stresses in combination with large bending moments. The ACI 440.2R provision includes separate guidelines for external fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) flexure and shear reinforcement. However, a combination of external FRP sheets customized for shear and flexure substantially improves the bending capacity of a member (Spadea et al., 2015; Tudjono et al., 2015).
FRP reinforcement is situated in the tensile area, enhancing the section's performance, since the concrete is weak in tension. A structure's beam section is subjected to a combination of shear and bending moment stresses produced by gravity (Figure 1a) and seismic loads (Figure 1b).
Under combined loading (Figure 1c), the beam-to-column area of the beam is the section that will experience the largest bending moment in combination with high shear stresses. The member undergoes a negative bending moment, and part of the floor slab could function as the flanges of a T-section. Since the flanges are in tension, the FRP tensile reinforcement is attached to this area. The presence of columns and walls or partitions limits the overall placement of sheets over the entire flange; thus, the FRP is situated to the left and right of the flange (Figure 2). This method was chosen to simulate the actual behavior of a beam in a structure. A U-shaped shear reinforcement is applied along the web of the beam (Figure 2b).
The aim of this study was to propose a solution for enhancing the flexural members' capacity via external FRP reinforcement. The FRP reinforced specimens were designated as BFRP. The developed system was also used in combination with retrofitting techniques for failed members. Optimization was conducted by improving the bond area between the FRP and concrete to prevent debonding. When applying external FRP reinforcements, a crucial factor is that the composite action between the FRP and concrete should be maintained until the member fails. A study on the bond behavior of FRP sheets revealed that the bond depends on the preparation of the contact surface, geometry of the FRP sheet, strength of the concrete, and characteristics of the bonding agent (Tudjono et al., 2017). This research work was conducted in three phases, as described below.
The first phase of this study was the evaluation of the capacity enhancement due to external tensile and shear FRP reinforcements (Tudjono et al., 2015). The load-deformation responses were recorded and compared with an identical section with no FRP reinforcements. This controlling element (BC) was designed based on the previous standards. The work focused on the issue of whether the proposed method could upgrade the structural elements to meet the new provision. Since ductility also plays a major role in the earthquake code, the moment-rotation performance of the beam under a monotonic load increment was also monitored and analyzed.
The test results on the BFRP specimens were satisfactory in terms of flexural capacity enhancement. However, debonding between the FRP and the concrete surface was observed, suggesting that the improvement could be optimized by enhancing the bond performance.
In the third phase, a failed, cracked element was straightened and retrofitted. The retrofitted beam element (BR) was reinforced using FRP sheets in the same manner as the BFRP from the first phase. The newly introduced surface preparation from the second phase was applied prior to the FRP attachment. This combined method provided insight into the optimization of FRP reinforcement, as well as suggesting a revitalization method for failed members.
The FRP sheets used in this study consists of woven, unidirectional carbon fibers (Figure 3a). The sheets were designed for dry application, consisting of 99% black carbon fibers by weight as the warp, with 1% white thermoplastic heat-set fibers as the weft. The sheet thickness measured 0.131 mm for a single sheet. The individual fibers had a tensile modulus of 234 GPa, with a tensile strength of 3.5 MPa. The maximum strain was measured to be 0.018. When attached to the concrete, the bonding agent and the FRP fibers will emerge as a unity. The test reports on the integrated material were based on the single lap shear test and conducted at the Laboratoire Mécanique Matériaux et Structures in Lyon (Gicquel et al., 2006).
The bond properties of the interlaminar material are shown in Figure 3b. The interface exhibited a linear behavior up to failure with a shear strength of 16.6 MPa. The maximum elongation over a bond length of 25 mm was 0.009 mm, which is much higher than the ultimate concrete tensile strain. The test results of the bond behavior suggested a good compatibility between the interlaminar material and concrete in the shear area. In addition, for low strains, the concrete response was linear, and disparities in stress-strain characteristics did not influence the behavior.
The test specimens in this study had a cylindrical compressive strength of 37.4 MPa, resulting in a theoretical shear strength of 6.1 MPa, in accordance to the fib model code 2010. The FRP sheets were applied to the concrete surface using a two-component, carbon-epoxy agent produced using the pultusion method (a manufacturing method for composite materials employing the pulling technique). For both tension and shear reinforcement, a single ply was used. The concrete surface was prepared in accordance with the test results from the second phase (Figure 4a and 4b). A thin layer of bonding agent was applied (Figure 4c), followed by FRP wrap placement (Figure 4d).
Pressure was applied to the FRP using a roller to ensure a good bond between the concrete and FRP sheets (Figure 4e). A second layer of bonding agent was put on top of the FRP sheet, and the reinforcement was cured for a week, thereby allowing the bonding agent to develop its fullest adhesive capacity (Figure 4f).
There are several types of shear reinforcement, including U-jacketing, strips bonded to the sides only, and complete wrapping of the sections. This research used a partial U-jacketing system, ending at the intersection between the flanges and web of the T-section. The study by Cao et al. (2005) suggested that the FRP rupture mode is governed by complete wrapping and U-jacketing, while strips resulted in a failure mode characterized by debonding. Based on these findings, the test specimen was designed so that the beam failed in flexure. The FRP shear reinforcement was situated along the entire beam, providing additional confinement in the section's compression zone. The benefit of confinement was clarified by Antonius (2015) and Boonpichetvong et al. (2016), who demonstrated that the concrete strength was positively influenced by the hoop confinement.
The confining stress influences the compressive strength enhancement, and it is a direct function of the lateral strain (Kwan et al., 2015). According to the fib-CEB 2010, the compressive strength increase due to the confining effect is approximately 20%. To guaranty composite continuity, the distance between the shear sheets was determined based on the ACI 440.2R code.
The FRP reinforcement has two major functions. First, it causes the flexure element's strengthening in meeting the new provisions for seismic performance, and second, it repairs and restores the load-carrying capacity of cracked elements. The latter is achieved by a combination of FRP reinforcement and retrofitting. When tensile reinforcements reach their yield, the tensile stresses are transferred to the FRP. There are two theoretical modes of failure, as follows: failure in the FRP and concrete crushing in the compression area. Failure in the FRP is categorized as bonding failure under shear forces or rupture of FRP sheets in tension. The shear reinforcements provide resistance to shear stresses, while enhancing the concrete compressive strength due to the confining effect.
The failure modes of the interface in the FRP-to-concrete bond are an integrated function of several factors, namely the strength and area of the FRP-to-concrete bond in tension, the number of FRP sheets and their strength, and the concrete shear capacity. During the first phase of this research work, the failure was governed by debonding. To shift the failure mode and increase the beam's capacity, a series of tests on the proposed surface treatments were conducted (Tudjono et al., 2017). The research concluded that the surface treatment advised by the FRP producer, involving a 3-mm grinding and sandblasting, is satisfactory for a direct tension response, but results in 75% debonding under shear conditions.
The surface was treated by applying a variation in the configuration of 2×0.5 mm grooves, which were made 10 mm apart. The research results showed that a groove configuration perpendicular to the shear direction is satisfactory in preventing debonding. The test results also underlined Teng et al.'s (2002) finding that high stress concentrations are present at the edges of the FRP.
The configuration and test setup for the first and third phases are shown in Figure 5. To induce a negative moment in combination with a maximum shear force, the T-sections were placed top down and subjected to a one-point loading system (Figure 6). This configuration ensured a simultaneous maximum bending and shear stress at the midspan. The beam was simply supported and under-reinforced with a reinforcement ratio (?) of 0.013. This type of configuration is customarily used in research (Ceroni, 2010; Ceroni et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016).
The beams were loaded with a 120 N/sec monotonic load increment. The load and deformation responses were recorded using a load cell and Linear Vertical Displacement Transducers (LVDTs). Material responses, FRP (type BFLA 5) and steel reinforcement (type FLA 6-11), and concrete in compression and tension (type PFL 60-11-1L) were monitored using strain gauges. To ensure a straight alignment during loading, two horizontal LVDTs were placed on both sides to monitor the beam's lateral response. Additional strain gauges were placed on the FRP shear sheets.
Three beam types were tested, as follows: the controlling element, BC; the FRP-reinforced beam, BFRP; and the retrofitted and FRP-reinforced beam, BR (Tudjono et al., 2015; Tudjono et al., 2017). For every category, two specimens were prepared. In addition, 100×200 mm cylinders were generated to provide the 28th day concrete strength. The steel reinforcement had a yield stress (fy) of 405 MPa.
The first phase of the experimental research resulted in debonding between the FRP and the concrete in tension-shear stress due to differentiations in the shear stresses in this interface. This behavior was strengthened by the direct shear performance tests in the second phase (Tudjono et al., 2017). Initial cracks in the transversal direction were observed in the concrete area between the FRP reinforcements. The cracks propagated to the flanges of the beam. These findings supported the study conducted by Leung (2006), who stated that debonding emerges at the bottom of a flexure crack and propagates toward the sheet's end. Debonding occurs due to the fracture of a thin layer of concrete. Coronado and Lopez (2005) explained that the bond failure mechanism is initiated by the formation of concrete microcracks close to the interface. On further loading, these cracks form bridges, transforming into macrocracks, and this leads to the debonding mechanism. The loading was terminated due to bond failure.
The FRP-reinforced beams had a load increase of 37% at the initial cracking stages, and an enhancement of 26% at yielding. This improvement mainly originated from the additional tensile force provided by the FRP sheets and the concrete strength enhancement due to confinement in the compression zone.
The controlling beams, BC, were straightened by applying a reverse load. The alignment was carefully monitored, ensuring a perfectly flat specimen. The cracks were retrofitted using an epoxy resin solution (Tudjono et al., 2017) and reinforced with FRP sheets identical to the BFRP specimens. These specimens were denoted BR. The BR specimens were tested in the exact same manner as conducted for BC and BFRP. Since the reinforcing steel yielded during the first stage of this experiment, no distinguishing yield point was detected. The load-displacement response followed a nonlinear path up to failure, followed by a sudden collapse distinguished by the rupture of the FRP in tension (Figure 7a). The cracks in the concrete propagated vertically toward the neutral axis (Figure 7b).
The controlling element BC was characterized by an under-reinforced failure mode. The concrete cracked in the tensile area, and the tensile reinforcements yielded. The cracks in the tensile area of the beam propagated toward the neutral axis, followed by crushing of the concrete in the compression area. The BFRP underwent cracking in the un-FRP-reinforced strip of the concrete in tension, the steel reinforcement yielded, and the bond between the FRP and concrete failed under shear tension. The retrofitted FRP-reinforced beam, BR, followed the same pattern as BFRP, but since a better bond was achieved in the interface, the loading could be increased. The failure of the member was due to a rupture in the tensile FRP. The ultimate load data at various stages for BC, BFRP, and BR are presented in Table 1.
The load-displacement behavior of externally reinforced beams is influenced by the material's mechanical properties and the FRP configurations (Attari et al., 2012). The load and vertical displacement at the midpoint for all three beam types are shown in Figure 8. The BC controlling beams demonstrated a clear yielding point, followed by a near-horizontal yielding plateau. The yielding was confirmed by the data obtained from the steel strain gauges, showing that the steel strain reached 2.05×10–3 at failure. At further loading stages, extensive crack propagations toward the neutral axis of the beam were observed. The concrete in compression near the load was crushed, as underlined by the concrete strains, which exceeded 3×10–3.
The BFRP reinforced beam had a substantially higher load-carrying capacity, with an increase of 49% over the controlling element; 27% of this was the contribution of the tensile FRP, while 22% corresponded to the increase in the confined compressive strength. A faint yielding plateau was seen, and the failure was due to FRP debonding under shear stress. The debonding behavior was unmistakably nonlinear and had a softening branch due to the shear slip behavior (Freddi & Savoia, 2007).
The BR retrofitted specimens did not exhibit yielding, and for analytical purposes, the yield point was determined using the 0.2% offset method. The initial cracking occurred at load levels comparable to those of the BFRP specimens. Visual observation revealed that the cracks initiated in the uncracked concrete rather than the retrofitted areas, suggesting that the retrofitting resulted in a stronger material compared with the concrete. Improving the interface performance between the FRP and concrete contributed a 99% capacity improvement to BC, and no post-peak curve was detected for the BR elements.
The responses of the FRP in tension were monitored by strain gauges situated close to the supports ? , at one-fourth ? , and at mid-span ? (Figure 9a). The strain behaviors of both the BFRP and BR elements were similar, and it is clear in the bending moment diagram that the strain in the FRP followed the deformation intensity. The behavior of gauges ? and ? were nonlinear, influenced by the responses of the concrete. Near the support at gauge ? , the strain behavior was dominated by the linear characteristics of the FRP, and it was almost linear up to failure. The restriction of concrete in compression is a function of strain in the shear FRP, and this was reflected by the load-strain response of strain gauge ? , as shown in Figure 9b.
The confinement effect was studied through the strain behavior of the FRP in compressions. The load-strain responses of BFRP and BR were similar, but the retrofitted member had a much lower strain rate compared with the BFRP member. The following factors were considered: the modulus of elasticity of steel Es remains constant during all loading stages; the increase in compressive strength due to confinement does not significantly alter the concrete's modulus of elasticity Ec; and the volumetric ratio of the epoxy is small compared with that of the concrete.
The increase in capacity of the retrofitted element can be explained as follows: During the testing sequence, the steel reinforcement of the retrofitted beam BR underwent three stages. In stage I, reinforcements A were subjected to tensile strains, while reinforcements B underwent linear compression. The strain gauge data provided information that both the steel bars A and B had yielded. In stage II, the beam was straightened, resulting in a reverse strain for both reinforcements A and B. The load was maintained until the injected epoxy-resin hardened, creating a precompression condition for the steel bars. The retrofitting also restored the bond between the steel reinforcements and concrete. Thus, when entering loading stage III, the flange area of concrete and the steel A were in precompression, while reinforcing steel B was in pretension (Figure 10).
Upon loading, the prestressing strains created an additional load-carrying capacity for the steel bars. The confinement provided by the U-jacketing FRP sheets in combination with the prestressing of concrete and steel resulted in a higher moment of inertia of the section; thus, under the same loading, the BFRP member yielded in a relatively stiffer member.
This research considered the behavior of a T-section subjected to bending moments in amalgamation with maximum shear stresses, as would be the case in structures subjected to gravity and seismic loadings. The method provided sufficient improvement for typical sections to meet the newly introduced earthquake standards. The increase in the load-carrying capacity was mainly due to the additional tensile reinforcements provided by the FRP and the concrete compressive strength confinement from the external shear reinforcement. This external shear reinforcement led to a higher cylindrical compressive strength in the compression areas of the section. The shear reinforcement granted sufficient strength to carry the high shear stresses in the web of the section. The proposed surface preparation method by applying 2×0.5 mm grooves, 10 mm apart and perpendicular to the tension direction, was sufficient to prevent debonding under tensile-shear stress.
An approach to simultaneously optimizing the flexural capacity and performing retrofitting and FRP reinforcement was proposed. The revitalized members performed excellently in terms of both bending and shear. The members' load-carrying capacity increased 99% in comparison with the controlling element BC.


If you want to fit the most people in your groupfie, try taking the photo from the bird's eye view. This means that if you're the one taking the photo, better stand in the foreground and let the rest of the group assemble behind you. Then take the photo from above by raising your arms.
D' whole Gang!!! #groufie #latepost #AnightofThanksgiving #Deeper #heartsknittedtogether #FellowshipFunFoooood!!!
A similar rule applies even for smaller groups. The person taking the photo goes in front; everybody else goes to the back, preferably arranging themselves by height and/or diagonally. This is to maximize perspective and to prevent the taller ones from blocking the faces of your smaller friends.
Alternatively, you can go for the worm's eye view: instead of taking it from above, take it from the ground looking up. Place the phone on the ground and get people to look down. Just make sure you have enough light for this angle to avoid casting shadows.
Or heck, just use a mirror.
Yes, it's also great for groufies. Instead of trying to get your arms to reach further to fit everyone in the frame, just use the stick! This will also reduce shaking, as you don't have to keep your arms raised until everyone's ready.
Make use of the timer.
Ask a friend to help balance your camera or phone. Let him or her support the other end of the gadget (or the selfie stick) so that you'd capture a clear groufie and not end up with a blurry shot.
If all else fails, get a smartphone with a camera specifically meant for the task.
A non-smartphone option is the GoPro. While originally made for those participating in extreme sports, this action camera is so light and compact that it's easy to snap a groupfie with it. Just pair it with a 3-way mount, a gooseneck, or a grip to help you get the right angle.


For parents everywhere, keeping kids safe is priority #1. You want your children to enjoy new adventures, explore the world around them and grow with each experience, but you also want to protect them in every way you can. It's a tricky balance sometimes, and a big challenge that requires alertness, non-stop education and careful guidance through the pitfalls of life.
Most children's injuries in Australia are completely preventable, and being aware of a few simple safety rules can make all the difference. No parent in history has ever been able to make the world 100% safe for their kids (and to be honest, such a world would be pretty boring), but here are some pointers that can help.
Your home is meant to be a secure, cosy haven for children, but in reality there are all sorts of unexpected dangers lurking in and around your house that can bring kids to grief. Knowing the risks is the first step in developing a 'strategy of protection'. Of course, it all has to start with diligent supervision. It only takes a few seconds for a toddler to fall in a pool, run out into the street or find some matches to play with. We live in a world where it's very easy to get distracted, but distractions must never interfere with knowing where your children are and what they're doing.
The steps you take to make your home 'kid-safe' will depend on their age(s), and you'll need to make adjustments along the way as they grow. Don't hesitate to involve older children in helping look after their younger siblings' safety in circumstances where it's appropriate – this not only instils a sense of responsibility, but can take a little of the load off your shoulders as well.
It's important to teach children that fire is not a toy. Don't leave children at home alone (especially in a locked house), and keep matches and lighters out of their reach. Many children are naturally fascinated by fire, and may find ingenious ways to hide their 'playing with matches' habit from parents – so be alert. Don't leave it to their schoolteacher to teach them the fire safety rules of 'stop, drop and roll' if on fire and 'get down and go, go, go' if they're in a smoke-filled room. Know where your household extinguishers are (and how to use them) and make sure you sit down and discuss a home evacuation plan with your kids when they're old enough. Have a fire evacuation practice session with the whole family.
There are all sorts of very good reasons to quit smoking, and keeping your kids safe is one of them. It's estimated that smoking is the direct cause of at least 45001 fires each year in Australia (and that's a very conservative estimate – the actual number is likely to be much higher).
Smoke alarms are an absolute must in every home. If a fire occurs and you don't have smoke alarms, you are four times more likely to die in the fire, 26% more likely to sustain serious injuries and 57% more likely to suffer property damage and loss . Smoke alarms are inexpensive, easy to fit and worth their weight in gold; they can save your child's life as well as your own.
Smoke alarms don't help against carbon monoxide gas, however, so you should also install carbon monoxide alarms (these days, you can buy special single alarms that perform both functions). Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas that can kill and is especially dangerous in enclosed, poorly ventilated places. Many things can cause a build-up of carbon monoxide gas: car fumes in a garage, a blocked or soot-filled chimney, a faulty furnace or gas-powered fireplace, portable heaters and other fuel-dependent appliances. Be aware of the deadly danger of carbon monoxide poisoning – this silent killer must be taken seriously.
When you have younger children at home, installing child-proof locks on cabinets is crucial – but it's doubly important in the kitchen. Store your knives, cheese graters, scissors and other sharp objects in a child-proof drawer or at the back of your kitchen bench, up high and out of reach.
Make sure cords for toasters, blenders, tea kettles and other heavy items are out of reach of grasping young hands. Unplug any appliance you're not using and turn off the wall switches. Use placemats (or nothing at all) instead of a tablecloth to prevent toddlers from having a 'pulling disaster'. When you have saucepans on the stove, turn them so the handles face the back of the stove, out of reach.
Toddlers love to explore, and window ledges offer both an opportunity to climb and the promise of an interesting new view. A flimsy screen isn't much of a barrier to falling, so ensure windows are either locked or latched so they can't be opened to a gap wider than 10cm. Window security grilles are also a worthwhile investment. Chairs, beds and other furniture should be far enough away from windows so they don't provide a convenient climbing platform for young children to gain access.
If your home has one or more balconies, these can pose a danger to children. Keep entry doors to balconies closed and locked when not in use and install a safety guard across the balcony entrance. Anything that might be used for climbing (large pot plants, easily dragged plastic chairs, etc.) should be removed from the area around your balcony. Guardrails should be at least a metre high, without any convenient footholds to climb on. Guardrails consisting of vertical bars or a flat, solid wall work best at deterring young climbers.
The leading external cause of death for children under the age of 5 is drowning. In NSW alone in 2013, 9 children under the age of 5 drowned, and an additional 64 were admitted to hospital for near-drowning. Kids in this age group have the highest mortality rate of any age group, with roughly 60% of all drowning deaths happening in swimming pools2.
If left unsupervised, a small child can drown in as little as 5cm of water. Backyard creeks, spas, bathtubs, garden ponds and even nappy buckets can be a danger.
A flooded street after heavy rain is no place for a child of any age to be playing – each year lives are lost when kids (big and small) play in dangerous flood waters.
Vigilant adult supervision is the key to child safety around water. Don't let older children be in charge of keeping an eye on younger swimmers around the pool, spa or bath. A designated adult should be present to look after swimming children at all times, with no exceptions. Pools should be properly fenced, and the gate immediately closed after anyone enters or exits the pool area. Anything that a child might use to climb over a pool fence (outdoor furniture, barbecue, pot plant, etc.) should be moved well away from the area. Trim trees that have any branches near the pool fence.
Have an approved CPR chart posted in the pool area, and make sure you learn infant and child Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation so you can act without hesitation in an emergency. You can obtain a CPR chart from your local council, pool shop and from the St. John Ambulance Service, Red Cross or Royal Life Saving Society.
Swimming lessons should be started for children as soon as is practical so they develop the skills and confidence they need to be safer around aquatic environments. And remember that it's not just toddlers falling off a pool edge that are in danger – an unsupervised teenager can hit their head or suffer a blackout just as easily. Children can drown at any age, and deep water isn't always necessary.
Learn about the dangers of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and the safest sleeping positions for your baby. There are basic precautions you can take to reduce the risks.
Don't attach a dummy to your child with a cord, ribbon or chain – this could lead to strangulation. Also, don't use anything to keep a dummy in your baby's mouth. There is a danger of suffocation if your baby can't spit it out when he/she wants to.
If you're bottle-feeding your baby and need to suddenly answer the door or phone, take the bottle with you – don't leave it propped up and left in the newborn's mouth. The baby needs to be able to spit the bottle out if they are unable to breathe.
Be careful where you allow your baby to fall asleep. A beanbag, waterbed, couch, sheepskin rug or other soft, cushiony place might enable your child to roll into an unsafe sleeping position where they can't breathe properly.
When your baby is in the pram, keep constant track of blankets and other coverings to ensure your child's face is never covered. It doesn't take much movement on a baby's part to quickly shift a covering, so be vigilant.
Don't buy baby/toddler clothing with built-in cords around the collar area. Before the child goes to bed, remove their bib or any clothing with a hood.
A baby's cot should have a mattress that fits firmly so the child's head can't get stuck between the sides of the cot and the mattress. Make sure the cot is well away from any window blinds (and their cords). Keep stuffed toys, piles of clothing and similar items out of cots (and prams) to prevent the possibility of accidental suffocation.
Children love to climb into things. Your toybox should have air holes and a detachable lid in case children climb (or fall) in. Put child-proof locks on freezers and stress to older children that enclosed places like freezers are out of bounds for 'hide-and-seek' games.
Plastic bags are a serious suffocation danger for children. Keep plastic bags out of reach of small children, dispose of plastic wrapping immediately and tie plastic bags in knots before disposing of them (loose plastic bags can easily be retrieved from a wastebasket). Store plastic bags out of reach of curious toddlers.
Foil balloons are safer than rubber ones, which pop more easily and can be inhaled. Keep balloon ribbons under 30cm – longer lengths might wrap around a child's neck.
Falls are the most common cause of accidents in every child age group3. We don't often realise how fast our children are acquiring new skills and how dangerous a fall (inside or outside the house) can be. As children grow, they can suddenly reach areas they couldn't before, so it's important to make adjustments to your home environment to accommodate this.
The higher the fall, the bigger the danger, so make sure children under 5 can't access heights over a metre and a half, and that older children can't access heights over 2 metres.
The higher the fall, the bigger the danger, so make sure children under 5 can't access heights over a metre and a half, and that older children can't access heights over 2 metres. Just as bark mulch is safer in a playground than concrete, a carpeted floor is safer to fall on than a hard floor in your home.
Just as bark mulch is safer in a playground than concrete, a carpeted floor is safer to fall on than a hard floor in your home.
Sturdy furniture that your children can't knock over or pull down on top of themselves is safest. In areas where children commonly play, remove any furniture with sharp corners (or pad the corners). Put stickers on glass sliding doors at kids' head level so they don't try to walk through a closed glass door (it happens more often than you think). Glass-top coffee tables and children can be a dangerous combination. Use safety glass on windows and sliding glass doors so they won't shatter into small pieces on impact.
Make sure all children's toys are put away at the end of the day, so no one trips over them at night when heading to the toilet. If the tiles in your bathroom or laundry are slippery, use non-skid mats in these areas. If you spill any liquid, wipe it up immediately. Teach children not to stand up in the bathtub – it's too easy to fall and hit their head on the edge. Baths are notoriously slippery environments for both children and adults.
Once your baby starts crawling, you'll need safety gates for the stairs. When you need to get past the gate yourself, open it – don't step over it. Aside from the fact that you might trip, this practice sets a poor example for older children.
There are many simple ways to make your house a safer environment for kids. Keep chemicals, cleaning products, aerosols, razors, alcohol, medicines, poisons and other dangerous items out of reach or in a child-proof cabinet. Lower the temperature on your hot water system, and consider installing safety taps that small children can't turn on. Put lids on nappy buckets and place them where toddlers can't fall into them.
Folding chairs and tables should lock in place so they can't collapse by accident. Select furniture (and children's clothing) made of fire-retardant materials. Avoid small, loose rugs or mats that don't have non-skid surfaces underneath.
Have a list of emergency numbers near your phone so you don't have to hunt for them when time is of the essence. These should include police, ambulance, poison information centre, fire department, family doctor, local children's hospital, local council and a 24-hour chemist.
Get a proper home first aid kit and familiarise yourself with how to use what's in it. Take a first aid course to brush up on your skills, especially those related to CPR, head injuries and knowing what to do in case of choking. First aid knowledge (and the ability to put it into practice calmly and automatically) can save your child's life.
For children under the age of 14, car accidents are the most common cause of death and injury in this country. 80 children die and around 3000 are seriously injured in car accidents each year – and most at risk are children in the 7-12 age bracket, who have outgrown boosters or child restraints while riding in the car4.
It's important for parents to do the research and fully understand the type of restraint that's best for their child's age and size. Guidelines by Kidsafe and Neuroscience Research Australia recommend that infants be kept in rear-facing restraints as long as possible, and older children who are using adult seats or booster seats should use lap-sash seatbelts only (with a strap across the lap and another across the chest).
Child restraints need to be installed correctly and checked on a regular basis.
Older kids should stay in booster seats until they have outgrown them. Though laws are different from state to state, children are normally legally required to stay in a booster seat until the age of 7. However, a smaller-statured child may need to use a booster seat longer. If a child is too small for an adult car seat, the back of their knees don't reach the seat edge and they tend to slump down too much. This means their back isn't right up against the seat back and the lap belt (which should be positioned snugly across their hip area, touching their thighs) rides up and fits across their stomach, which is unsafe. Some children may need a booster seat all the way up to age 12, depending on their size.


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English Literature – 2 | 12/03/2019
Modest Proposal
He was criticise the English government as they were ignoring Irish people and letting this chaotic problem consume them from inside. His criticism is really scientific including scientific research, using numbers, doing the math. He is presenting an argument which proposes babies as food as it would have a beneficial effect on economy, gastronomy and etc. He presents all his arguments in a very reasonable way.
With his disgusting reasonable proposal, he is also criticising his era which is era of reason as when someone solely focuses on reason, that person can think or even do filthy things.
He cared people as individuals not as groups. He may liked Jon but he may hate politicians, lawyers, etc.
Slowly the age of reason left its place to story-telling and stories. Since the first literature of England, the stories were told in verses, proses (French influence) but shortly evolved into novels.
Novels emerged in the 18th century for a variety of reasons. One of the reasons was to give people ability to expresses themselves in the age of reason. Novels are emotional outlet of for the author. In this century, middle-class was rising and their affluence was getting bigger and bigger and due to this they were able to get educated and learn to read, write. First works of novelty were conducted by women but due to society's norms, they had to hide their names and use the men's names to conceal themselves and share their work.
Jane Air – Sherlock Ronte, Emily Ronte, Ann Ronte: They wrote novels, each of them and they were really productive but they each used men's name. When they went to the publishing firm, nobody believed that their literary works were conducted from a woman.
Journalism were becoming widespread, there was prose writing and it was getting more and more popular as well as biographies and there was the effect of puritanism.
Anything related to an individual could be made into a story.
The first English novel was Robinson Cruise written by Daniel Defo, in the novel people read what an indivuaul able to do when he is stuck in a situation, his survival instincts, what he was able to do in order to continue his life, stranded in an island. In the novel he was alone for some time but then he met a person and named him Friday as he met him on Friday. They were friends but they were not equal. People liked this book because even in the most hard situation an individual is able to rise, survive and etc. Later on there were a lot of references to Robinson Cruise such as "What would you do if you were stranded in an island?"
Robinson had to fight his way to make things for his life, to survive and all these required so much energy and strength. He motivated himself to overcome any hardships that may occur. In this work self-reliance was emphasised. (Puritanism).
Samuel Richardson – Pamela
He was an educated man and he was very good in writing letters. He made money out of writing letters, he wrote letters for people in business, for lovers and etc. One day a publishing house made him an offer, they wanted him to write letters and teach how to write letters for certain purposes. As he was doing his job, he realised that out of letters you could make a good story by their correspondence in different settings. He started working on his title called Pamela.
The main character is Pamela, she's working at a very affluent house but she is very virtuous person despite the son's advances to her. The son is seducted by her virtuous personality and falls in love with her and they live happily after. The main idea of this novel is importance of virtues. The novel is written in epistolary form (by combining letters).
This novel was criticised by H. Fielding, as the novel was focusing too much on virtues and modesty, so he wrote a novel Calle Josef Andrews, and this character was brother of Pamela. He later on wrote a novel calle Tom Jones which is a comic epic in prose work. This character is a very funny character and he puts himself in very difficult situations, he is a womaniser. Opposing Samuel Richardson, H. Fielding didn't care about morals.
In novels, picaresque, this style emerged in Spain and it mens series of episodes in prose fiction where the hero is forced to seek his fortune outside of stable society. Imagine there is a family and in this family the father tells his son to go away and find his way, his place. Imagine we have a womaniser character and he has an affair with the married woman and the husband finds out and exiles him from the society.
Tom Jones is built with the picaresque style.
Gulliver's Travels – J. Swift
The book basically asks a question: what sort of thing is man?
Identifying with Gulliver, voyaging through imaginary worlds we try tı find ourselves. Are proud insects, or lords of creation? Brutes, or reasonable beings?
Swift defined man not as a arational animal but as an animal capable of reason. He had a keen sense of our capacity for self delusion folly and vice.
He offers us comic and horrific perspectives, which confront us with unpleasant facets of human life, silently recommending proportion, humility and fellow-feeling.
The way others perceive you will you change what you are, you can be a giant in a place but a midget in another.
In this ship we have this man called Gulliver and he starts a voyage on that ship and he travels to imaginary places.
Four imaginary voyages of Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon all of which end disastrously among "several remote nations oft he world."
In the first book, Gulliver is shipwrecked in the empire of Lilliput, where he finds himself a giant among diminutive people.
In the second, Gulliver is abandoned by his shipmates in Brobdingnag, a land of giants, which appears to be a utopia governed by a human prince.
In the third voyage, to flying island of Laputa, Gulliver is together with scientists who are so occupied with their studies that they cannot see what is right in front of them.
The final voyage sets Gulliver between a race of horses, Houyhnhnms, who live…
Lawrance Sterne – The life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy
Shandy is a man and this book is about his life story in 9 big divisions of books, but his life story begins in the third book, before that he talks about his parents, society, etc. His life is full of funny incidents and he particularly talks about Uncle Toby
Lawrance had this interesting style, he had an interactive approach as he left some blanks in his books for you to fill them. Such as when he is descrpiting a beatiıful woman he leaves the desrictpion blank and expects you to write it. The book is written in a witty way accompanied with strange stylistic approaches.
Samuel Johnson – Dictionary of the English Language
The first dictionary of English and it represents the ideology of its era. In this dictionary Samuel Johnson passed his judgment into his work and defined words with his perspective. It is also important that how the vocabulary has changed over time.
Every age has its ideal concept of ideal man and in the age of reason, the ideal man is the person who uses his intelligence but one can not deny the fact that humans have emotions, too and after the age of era, there it comes
The Romantic Era.
English Literature - 2 | 05/03/2019
Lexicology - Word Origins


In Call of Duty if you get shot in the stomach with any type of rifle, there is a good chance that you won't even get killed. Although, if you get knifed anywhere (including the feet) with a knife, you'll instantly die. That's the one of many things wrong with the Call of Duty series, they should really work on fixing that and making a more advanced system..


Vikings rookie Roc Thomas kept a straight face when describing what he was attempting to do in Saturday's preseason opener.
Regardless, it worked. The undrafted rookie running back left a lasting impression in the Vikings' 42-28 exhibition victory over the Broncos, catching three passes for 102 yards and two touchdowns and rushing eight times for 29 yards.
Thomas is battling Mack Brown and Mike Boone for a spot on the 53-man roster as the third back behind Dalvin Cook and Latavius Murray. He wasted no time in showing his stuff after checking in late in the first quarter.
Thomas caught a 13-yard touchdown pass from Trevor Siemian with 1:36 left in the quarter. Then he took a screen pass from Siemian and sprinted 78 yards to the end zone with 4:59 left in the first half.
"My whole train of thought was go in and just try to get your feet wet, but I got my whole body wet," Thomas said.
It was an impressive debut for a unheralded back out of Jacksonville State, where he rushed for 1,065 yards as a senior. Thomas spent his first two years at Auburn but didn't play much before transferring.
But the location of Thomas' college is better known than his given first name: Racean.
The Oxford, Ala., native got his nickname from his aunt, Lily Thomas, because he was a handful growing up.
Thomas insists now that he's a good guy and the only people he hits are defenders in his way. According to Pro Football Focus, Thomas averaged 2.9 yards following contact on his runs Saturday.
On his long touchdown, nobody got in his way. It was nothing but smooth sailing to the end zone after catching Siemian's pass three yards behind the line of scrimmage.
When he got to the end zone, Thomas did a celebratory dance.
After the game, Murray sought Thomas out to offer congratulations.
The 5-foot-10, 198-pound Thomas is hopeful his receiving ability will help him make the team. He believes he has some similarities to the 5-9, 205-pound Jerick McKinnon, the versatile running back who signed in March as a free agent with San Francisco after four seasons with Minnesota.


When it comes to actually buying and selling shares of stock, the exchanges act more like flea markets than centers of financial sophistication. The scene can be chaotic, and it's definitely fast-paced.
You'll need a firm understanding of what's going on if you're going to excel at trading, and that means you must understand the bid and ask prices—what they mean and how to use them.
Unlike with most things that consumers purchase, stock prices are set by both the buyer and the seller. The buyer states how much he's willing to pay for the stock, which represents the bid price. The seller also names his price, known as the ask price.
It's the role of the stock exchanges and the whole broker/specialist system to facilitate the coordination of the bid and ask prices. This service doesn't come without its own price, however.
You can see the bid and ask prices if you have access to the proper online pricing systems. The Nasdaq structures its pricing around the bid/ask.
You'll notice that the bid price and the ask price are never the same. The ask price is always a little higher than the bid price. You'll pay the ask price, which is the higher price, if you're buying the stock, and you'll receive the bid price, the lower price, if you are selling the stock.
What happens to the difference between the two prices? This difference is called the spread, and it's kept as profit by the broker or specialist who is handling the transaction. In actuality, the spread goes to pay a number of fees in addition to the broker's commission. Keep in mind that the broker's commission is not the same commission you'd pay to a retail broker.
Certain large firms, called market makers, can set a bid/ask spread by offering to both buy and sell a given stock. For example, the market maker would quote a bid/ask spread for the stock as $20.40/$20.45, where $20.40 represents the price at which the market maker would buy the stock. The $20.45 price shows the price at which the market maker would sell the stock. The difference, or spread, benefits the market maker because it represents profit to the firm.
Because prices move constantly, especially for actively traded stocks, you can't know what price you'll get if you're a buyer or a seller unless you use specific market orders when trading to lock in a certain price.
There are ways around the bid/ask spread, but most investors are better off sticking with this established system that works well, even if it does take a little ding out of your profit. Advanced strategies are for seasoned, expert traders.
This isn't to say that you won't ever get to the point of using them and maybe even excelling with them, but you're probably better off sticking to basic rules when you're starting out and just getting your feet wet. Understanding is key and when you have that down and have witnessed how the market works time and again, you might consider branching out and experimenting on paper with other strategies before you jump in with both feet and a whole fistful of dollars.