Both chromium (Cr) and probiotic bacillus own the virtues of regulating animal metabolism and meat quality. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of supplemental Cr and bacillus in the form of chromium-enriched Bacillus subtilis KT260179 (CEBS) on chicken growth performance, plasma lipid parameters, tissue chromium levels, cecal bacterial composition and breast meat quality.
Six hundred of 1-day-old Chinese Huainan Partridge chickens were divided into four groups randomly: Control, inorganic Cr, Bacillus subtilis, and CEBS. The feed duration was 56 days.
After 28 days of treatment, broiler feed CEBS or normal B. subtilis had higher body weights than control broiler, and after 56 days, chickens given either CEBS or B. subtilis had greater body weights than control broiler or those given inorganic Cr. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels declined significantly in the CEBS group compared with the control, whereas plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly. The concentration of Cr in blood and breast muscle increased after CEBS and inorganic Cr supplementation. B. subtilis and CEBS supplementation caused a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the caecum, while the numbers of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased significantly compared to the control. Feed adding CEBS increased the lightness, redness, and yellowness of breast meat, improved the water-holding capacity, decreased the shear force and cooking loss.
In all, CEBS supplementation promoted body growth, improved plasma lipid parameters, increased tissue Cr concentrations, altered cecal bacterial composition and improved breast meat quality.
With the application of modern breeding technology, the major biological characteristics of chickens or broilers, i.e. growth performance, daily weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and resistance to disease, have been improved significantly . Despite the success of breeding programs in increasing meat production, the high selection intensity has resulted in negative impacts on growth performance and meat quality [2, 3].
Chromium (Cr) is an essential trace element and its beneficial effects on health are well documented in humans and animals . Adding suitable dose of Cr to diet could improve the meat quality and regulate the metabolism of nutrient substances in animals . Supplementation of the diet with trivalent Cr [Cr (III)] can be achieved using the salt chromium trichloride (CrCl3). Low molecular weight organic Cr complexes, such as picolinic acid and nicotinate salt forms, provide a myriad of benefits with higher organic bioavailability than the inorganic forms that are most often used as a dietary supplement . Although Cr nanocomposites have even higher bioavailability than organic sources of Cr , their greater cost has inhibited widespread use. In animal husbandry, there is a need to explore a cheap and convenient organic source of Cr for use in industrial applications.
Bacillus subtilis is a probiotic bacterium that is widely used in diets of both humans and animals . Oral administration of B. subtilis can exert a range of beneficial effects, including improvement of growth, enhancement of meat characteristics, optimizing the balance of intestinal microbiota, prevention and treatment of some diarrheal diseases, and reduction of serum cholesterol [9, 10]. For these reasons, B. subtilis has attracted considerable attention as a potentially beneficial dietary supplement for animal health.
It might be worthwhile to explore whether the combined use of organic Cr and B. subtilis might have a greater effect on regulating body growth and metabolism. Chinese Huainan Partridge chicken is a native breed in South of China. Because of special consumed habits, South of Chinese liked to choose the breed of broiler. Hence, Chinese Huainan Partridge chicken was employed to carry out this study. To test this hypothesis, we produce Cr-enriched B. subtilis (CEBS) which combines the virtues of B. subtilis and those of organic Cr and might induce an enhanced response to dietary supplementation. The aim of our study was to determine whether CEBS supplementation could play a role in improving body growth performance and breast meat quality, through improving lipid metabolism, utilization of Cr and intestinal bacterial composition on Chinese Huainan Partridge chicken.
The experimental protocol used in this study, including animal management, housing, and slaughter procedures, was approved by the Institution of Animal Science and Welfare of Anhui Province (Number: IASWAP2014110528). A total of 600 1-day-old Chinese Huainan Partridge chicken were randomly allocated into four groups with six replicate of 25 each. Chickens in the control group were fed basal feedstuff; the three treatments were fed basal feedstuff with different additives. Experimental diets were fed in two periods: starter (day 0–28) and finisher (day 29–56). The composition and nutrient analysis results for the basic diet are shown in Table 1. All the nutrients met or exceeded the nutrient requirements as recommended by the NRC . The birds had free access to water and feed. In the whole trial, the normal immune procedure was implemented. B. subtilis KT260179 (submitted to National Center for Biotechnology Information) was provided by the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences in China. The fermentation of B. subtilis KT260179 and CEBS was followed Yang et al. (CEBS: Total Cr concentration 30 μg/g, Organic Cr 29.17 μg/g, Live B. subtilis KT260179 1.0 × 109 CFU/g). After fermented, CEBS were harvested and added to mass feed followed 0.67 %. First, we added 0.67 L liquid CEBS to 9.33 kg mass feed and mixed with hand, then the mixed mass feed was added into blender contained 90 kg mass feed. The blender was employed for 20 min to mix the additives uniformity. The ways of B. subtilis KT260179 and inorganic Cr supplementation was the same as the CEBS. The ratio of B. subtilis KT260179 (Live B. subtilis KT260179 2.0 × 109 CFU/g) supplemented was 0.34 %. We prepared the inorganic Cr solution and sterilized. Then, the CrCl3 solution was homogenize with mass feed. After prepared the four kinds of feedstuff, the population of B. subtilis was counted with plate method which yeast extract peptone dextrose medium was employed. Also, the concentration of Cr in four kinds of feedstuff was measured. The results were listed in Table 2.
Broilers in every replicate from each treatment group were weighed on day 0, 28, and 56. Daily feed consumption was accurately recorded. Daily weight gain and ratio of feed to gain (F/G) were calculated. ADG = body increase (g)/number of days. F/G = mass of food intake (g)/body increase (g).
After 56 days, two chickens from each replicate were selected, fasted for 12 h, and then tissues and blood were harvested under general halothane anesthesia. All blood samples were collected in 5.0 mL sterile heparinzed tubes. We removed 1 mL of each blood sample for measurement of Cr concentration. Then, remnant chick blood was centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 min to collect the plasma for biochemical assays (described below). Breast muscle was collected, which was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at 4 °C until analysis. The tissue of caeca from chickens was removed under aseptic conditions, which was stored in sterile plastic tubes in boxes packed with ice, and immediately sent to our laboratory for plate-counting of microorganisms.
Chicken plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations were measured using the appropriate detection kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute).
A ZEEnit 700 P atomic absorption spectrometer (Analytik Jena, Germany) was employed for assaying chromium levels in tissues. All the measurements were performed by the method described by Afridi et al. . Samples of blood, breast meat (0.2 g), and 0.2 g feedstuff from all four groups were placed in beakers and digested by addition of 10 mL of a nitric acid–perchloric acid (HNO3–HClO4) mixture. The mixture was heated on a sand bath until fumes appeared (the temperature was controlled at 200 °C by monitoring of the sand) and the solution had mostly evaporated. After cooling, 5 mL HNO3 was added, and the heating procedure was repeated at 180 °C. The cooled remainder was made up to 10 mL with distilled water. Eight replicates were used for each group.
The bacterial composition of ceaca in different treatments was done with plate method [13, 14] (eosin methylene blue agar for Escherichia coli, Salmonella-Shigellaagar plate for Salmonella, de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar for total Lactobacillus, and BLB agar for Bifidobacterium by pour plate method, including E. coli, Salmonella, total Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium which were repeated three times).
Breast muscle samples were collected for meat quality at the end of the experiment. Lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of meat color was determined by a Chroma meter (model CR-410, Minolta Co., Tokyo, Japan). Water-holding capacity (WHC) was estimated by determining expressible juice using a modification of the filter paper press method described by Wierbicki and Deatherage  as follows. The breast meat were refrigerated overnight at 4 °C and then brought to room temperature before cooking to measure cooking loss and shear force. The breast meat from each bird was weighed and placed into a thin walled plastic bag, then cooked to an internal temperature of 70 °C on a digital thermostat water bath (HH-4, Jiangbo instrument, Jiangsu province, China) in a water-bath. Cooked meat was cooled to room temperature. The breast meat was weighed again for determination of cooking loss (%). Cutting three 1.9-mm-wide × 10 mm × 10 mm strips from the center of the muscles parallel to the muscle fibers through the thickest portion of the cooked muscle to measure meat shear force. The samples were cut perpendicular to the fiber direction using a Zwick Testing Machine Model Z2.5/TN1S (Zwick GmbH and Co, Germany) equipped with a Warner-Bratzler shear . Peak force values were obtained in kg/mm2.
Statistical analyses of the data were performed using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data are presented as means ± standard error (SE). Differences between groups were compared using analyses of variance. Differences between means were assessed by the Tukey's honestly significant difference test of post hoc multiple comparisons. Data on Body weight, Average daily gain, Average daily feed intake and Ratio of feed to gain was statistically processed as REPEATED measurements. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Growth performance of Chinese Huainan Partridge chickens in different treatments was shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Chickens supplemented with B. subtilis KT260179 and CEBS owned higher final body weight than the control birds or those supplemented with inorganic Cr after 28 days (P < 0.05). The index of ADG among control, inorganic Cr and B. subtilis KT260179 supplemented groups was no significance (P > 0.05) at 28 days. While the result of F:G was opposite with the final body weight. Birds received B. subtilis KT260179 and CEBS had lower F:G (P < 0.05).
After 56 days, final body weights and ADG in CEBS group were significantly higher compared with the control and the inorganic Cr supplemented groups (P < 0.05) as well as the B. subtilis KT260179 group. While, the index of final body weight in group iv was highest of all (P < 0.05). Over the entire feeding duration, the F:G in the CEBS group was the lowest (P < 0.05). The F:G index of group iii was lower compared with the control and inorganic Cr groups (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the ADFI among the four groups either after 28 or after 56 days (P > 0.05).
The results of plasma lipid parameters were listed in Table 3. The levels of lipids (TC, TG, LDLC) in chickens given B. subtilis KT260179 were significantly lower compared with the controls, but were still higher than those of the CEBS group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of HDLC in the plasma of chicken in the CEBS and B. subtilis KT260179 groups were higher compared with the control chicken (P < 0.05), the former being higher in CEBS than B. subtilis KT260179 treatment (P < 0.05). The ratio of TC:LDLC was calculated, which indicated that chicken supplemented with CEBS had the highest ratio of all (P < 0.01). Chicken supplied with B. subtilis KT260179 showed higher TC:LDLC compared with the control and inorganic Cr groups (P < 0.01). The results for the ratio of TC:HDLC was that CEBS group was the lowest of all treatments (P < 0.01), and that for B. subtilis KT260179 was higher than that for CEBS but lower compared with inorganic Cr supplementation (P < 0.01). The result of TC:HDLC in control was highest of all (P < 0.01).
The Cr levels in breast meat and blood was measured with results shown in Fig. 5. The results indicated that chickens fed inorganic Cr had significantly more Cr in these tissues compared with the control and B. subtilis KT260179 supplementation groups (P < 0.01). Chickens in the CEBS group had the highest Cr levels in those two tissues (P < 0.01).
The cecal bacterial composition in the different groups of chickens was examined using the plate method (Table 4). Chicken given CEBS or B. subtilis KT260179 had lower numbers of E. coli and Salmonella compared with the control chicken (P < 0.05). There were no differences between the control and inorganic Cr-supplemented groups (P > 0.05). The numbers of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the CEBS and B. subtilis KT260179 groups increased significantly compared with the control and inorganic Cr-supplemented groups (P < 0.05).
The breast meat quality on color L*, a*, b*, water-holding capacity, shear force and cooking loss were measured with 28-days-old broilers, and the results are provided in Table 5. Chickens with CEBS supplied had higher results of breast meat color L*, a* and b* (P < 0.05) than chickens in control, inorganic Cr and B. subtilis KT260179 groups (P < 0.05). Birds supplemented with CEBS and B. subtilis KT260179 had higher water-holding capacity and lower cooking loss than control group (P < 0.05). In further, the index of cooking loss in CEBS group was lowest of all (P < 0.05). The results of shear force in all three treatment groups were lower than that of control (P < 0.05). Also, the result of CEBS group was lowest of all (P < 0.05).
Both of Cr and B. subtilis own the ability of modulating growth performance to chicken [14, 17, 18]. In our study, we supplemented a dose of 0.2 μg/g CrCl3 to basic feedstuff, which demonstrated that there was no promoting effect to Chinese Huainan Partridge chicken. Our results indicated that rates of growth were improved in chickens given B. subtilis KT260179 or CEBS supplements. Whereas chickens supplemented with CEBS had higher average body weights and greater feed utilization efficiency than controls. The F/G index of the CEBS group was the lowest over the entire feeding period, suggesting that this treatment was more efficient than B. subtilis alone in regulating body growth performance.
Dietary supplementary Cr and B. subtilis could improve body lipid metabolism [19–21]. Our data suggested that the concentration of plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased in chicken treated with CEBS or B. subtilis. CEBS enhanced the metabolism of TC and triglyceride. HDLC, synthesized mainly in the liver and the small intestine, plays an important part in eliminating serum cholesterol . The decreased content of serum lipid resulted from a decrease of TG synthesis and/or enhancement of TG hydrolysis . The decreased concentrations of hepatic TG revealed that lipid synthesis was reduced when the broilers were fed the B. subtilis supplemented diet, which can be associated with the improvement of plasma lipid metabolism. Likewise, supplementary inorganic Cr could improve the lipid metabolism to a slightly extent. Supplementation Cr in diet could modify the lipid metabolism especially in obesity or stress condition. The background of the supplementation of Cr in diabetic or fat persons is the tendency to lose the ability to convert Cr into a form that potentiates insulin action . Therefore, nutritional supplements could decrease the lipid paraments in plasma . For healthy animals, supplementary Cr would have little effect on lipid metabolism in a Cr-sufficient diet.
Previous studies have reported that Cr supplementation can increase the Cr content of tissues, although the results varied [26, 27]. In our study, the Cr contents of breast meat and blood were very significantly increased with the inorganic and CEBS supplemented. Our results here showed that the supplemental Cr in CEBS had a significant influence on Cr content of breast muscle in agreement with a previous report . The effect of CEBS was greater than for inorganic Cr in this experiment, suggesting that CEBS had greater bioavailability as a Cr resource. The possible mechanism was that B. subtilis grew in medium contained inorganic Cr, to allow the efficient conversion of inorganic Cr into organic forms, such as amino acid chelated Cr, organic compounds are absorbed more efficiently than are inorganic forms Hence, CEBS owed more bioavailability than inorganic Cr [19, 29].
Probiotic supplements have been reported to modify the composition of the caecal microbiota [30, 31]. Similarly, our results here indicated that B. subtilis supplements could alter the bacterial flora in the caeca of treated chicken. Supplementation of 105 to 109 colony-forming units (CFU)/g of probiotics in the diet could exert beneficial effects in broilers . However, Huang reported that a higher inclusion level did not always result in enhanced performance in poultry . There were reports on supplemental doses 28, which suggested that 106 CFU of Bacillus per gram feedstuff were suitable. In the present study, we supplemented 106 CFU/g B. subtilis. The total Cr concentration in the CEBS treatment was 30 μg/g; we therefore added a 0.67 % supplement to the feedstuff, which conform the reported supplementary dose (0.2 μg Cr per gram feedstuff) [34, 35].
When probiotics are used for meat quality enhancement, the effects have been questioned, and many different results have been shown. Some authors reported advantages of probiotic supplementation [36, 37], whereas others reported no beneficial effects . Meat quality could be modified by the improvement of Cr utilization and intestinal bacterial composition. Our result indicated that with B. subtilis supplemented there were no significances on meat color. While, dietary addition of CEBS could improve meat color, which advised that CEBS combined the virtue of Cr and B. subtilis regulating the nutrition metabolism strongly. In the measurement of meat quality, water-holding capacity, shear force and drip loss are important factors because some nutrients may be lost in the exudate by water loss, which may be reflected in the juiciness, tenderness, and flavor of meat . In our results, index of water-holding capacity were significantly improved with B. subtilis and CEBS supplemented. Likewise, indexes of shear force and drip loss were significantly lowered. Those results suggested that B. subtilis supplied in feedstuff modified the breast meat quality. The effect of CEBS was greater than for CrCl3 and B. subtilis in the present experiment.
The results of our study indicated that feeding supplementary CEBS combined the benefits of Cr and probiotics could improve chicken final body weight and ADG, decrease F:G, compared with control group. While there were no significances on ADFI. Chicken supplemented with CEBS could modify plasma lipid parameters, enhance tissue Cr concentrations and improve caecal bacterial composition and breast meat quality.
The authors sincerely thank Mr. Kun Qian for his help in presentation of this manuscript.
This work was sponsored by the fund of doctor startup project in Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences of China. The funders had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing of the manuscript.
JJY carried out the animal experiments and data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. KQ revised the manuscript. WZ and YYX participated in the animal trial. YJW helped with sample harvested and collection. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The experimental protocol used in this study, including animal management, housing, and slaughter procedures, was approved by the Institution of Animal Science and Welfare of Anhui Province (Number: IASWAP2014110528).


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STAC SPORTS NEWS: Impressive Day for STAC Track & Field: Men take 2nd, Women 3rd at ECC Championship
DYLAN BESTLER
(Staten Island, NY- February 26th, 2016): Roberts Wesleyan University's men's and women's track teams took home the win at the 2015-2016 ECC Championship.
Roberts also won last year's indoor championship and last year's outdoor championship. The women were led by Chelsea Hayward, who won the 60- and 200-meter dash, Kathleen Amstad, who placed 2nd in the 60 and 3rd in the 200, and Rachel Hutchinson, who won the mile and placed 3rd in the 1000. The men were led by David Donavan, who placed 2nd in the 200 and 3rd in the 60, Thomas Rodger, who placed 2nd in the 800 and 3rd in the mile, Justin Bender, who placed 1st in the 5k and 3rd in the 3k, and Aaron McGinnis, who won the triple and long jump.
The Spartans improved their score and position drastically from last year. The women placed 6th out of 8 last year, scoring 54 points, and this year they placed 3rd, scoring 67 points. The men's team placed dead last in 2015 scoring only 35 points. This year they placed second, scoring an impressive 122 points. The men's team was led by freshman Saint-Jacob Diodonet, who won the 200-meter and 400-meter dash, placed 2nd in the 60 meter, and was on the 4×400-meter relay team that placed 3rd. Diodonet scored a total of 34 points for the Spartans, and in the process, he also set two meet records in the 200 and 400, running 22.04 and 48.71, respectively. Winslow Dorsainvil and Kristen Borriello also set record times. Dorsainvil ran a 6.83 in the 60 meter dash and Borriello ran a 3:04.56 in the 1000-meter run.
First place performances were had by both the men and women's Distance Medley Relay teams. The men's team of Ryan Gasser, Christian Diaz, Dylan Bestler, and Vinny Vasquez placed first in their race along with the women's team of Patricia Nersten, Marissa Connolly, Amber Lubaszka, and Kristen Borriello. Tristan Holmgren won the high jump, getting over the height of 1.98 meters and also placed 4th in the 60-meter hurdles. Second place finishes included Meaghan Ventarola in the mile and the 3k, Gabby Sloezen in the 400-meter, Vinny Vasquez in the 1000-meter, Frankie Schiavone in the pole vault, and Katie Mollahan in the shot put. All of these athletes earned ECC first team all-conference honors.
Third and fourth place finishes were awarded ECC second team all-conference honors. Those athletes included Dylan Bestler in the 500-meter, Ryan Gasser in the 1000, Katie O'Grady in the 5k, Elias Guardado in the triple jump, and Justin Brown in both the long and triple jump. A great season was capped off by outstanding performances all around. The Spartans have a few weeks off until their spring break trip to Miami.
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Home > Our Services > Physiatry
Rehabilitation Medicine/Physiatry
Physiatrists are physicians who specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation and focus on the non-surgical management of symptoms due to neurological and musculoskeletal disease and disorders. For patients with concussion, physiatrists often work with physical and occupational therapists and, together, can provide short- and long-term treatment to help patients improve balance, vision, headaches, and cognition (thinking), among other symptoms.
Problems with balance are a common symptom of post-concussion syndrome — patients typically report dizziness, clumsiness, and vertigo — and may be indicative of trouble with the vestibular system. The vestibular system is made up of the inner ear and its chambers, which connect to the brain and help regulate balance. When this system is affected by a traumatic brain injury, an individual will have difficulty with posture, balance, reflexes, and coordination. These effects are more than just annoying, especially in athletes, since anyone experiencing significant delays in reaction time or balance is vulnerable to problems with walking and activities of daily living and to a second head injury. On the playing field, someone who has not fully recovered from a first concussion is at increased risk for a second one — which can occur after a much smaller impact than the first one.
The vestibular system also keeps the eyes focused when the head is moving, so vestibular issues after a concussion may manifest themselves as vision issues. This makes it even more important that concussion and TBI patients be seen at a multidisciplinary clinical practice, where specialists in physiatry, occupational therapy, and neuro-ophthalmology can work together to assess the symptoms and create the most effective individual rehabilitation plan. This plan may include vestibular therapy to address any problems with balance.


Eligibility: Applicants must be high school seniors who will be graduating or college undergraduates. Students must reside in California or Nevada and demonstrate a desire to expand racquetball. Applicants must also be current USAR members.
Eligibility: Applicants must be NCRA members in good standing, be a senior in high school or a college undergraduate and have a "B" overall grade point average.
How to apply: Applications are available online or by calling the NCRA office. The application includes a release form, at least one letter of reference, the teacher report form, a personal essay, an official transcript and a photo.
Eligibility: Applicants must be current USAR members and be graduating high school seniors or college undergraduates.


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For Native Americans, Harvard and Other Colleges Fall Short
When Samantha Maltais steps onto Harvard's campus this fall, she'll become the first member of the Aquinnah Wampanoag tribe to attend its prestigious law school. It's a "full-circle moment" for the university and the Martha's Vineyard tribe, she says.More than 350 years ago, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck, an Aquinnah Wampanoag man, became the first Native American to graduate from the Cambridge, Massachusetts, university — the product of its 1650 charter calling for the education of "English and Indian youth of this country.""Coming from a tribal community in its backyard, I'm hyper aware of Harvard's impact," said Maltais, the 24-year-old daughter of her tribe's chairwoman. "It's a symbol of New England's colonial past, this tool of assimilation that pushed Native Americans into the background in their own homelands."Maltais will arrive on campus at a time when Native American tribes, students and faculty are pushing the Ivy League institution and other colleges to do more for Indigenous communities to atone for past wrongs, much in the way states, municipalities and universities are weighing and, in some cases, already providing reparations for slavery and discrimination against Black people.FILE – An image of a Native American, right, is featured in the artwork of Johnston Gate, Harvard University's first and largest gate heading to its campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 23, 2021.In Minnesota, 11 tribes have called on the state university system to return some of the lands taken from tribes, provide tuition waivers to Native American students and increase the number of Native American faculty, among other demands.Tadd Johnson, the University of Minnesota's director of tribal relations and a Chippewa tribe member, said the university will establish a "truth and reconciliation" process to document the historical wrongs and determine ways to make amends. "We're listening," he said. "We're acting on virtually everything that has been thrown at us."Meanwhile in Colorado, state lawmakers are weighing legislation to grant in-state tuition to students from certain federally recognized tribes.And in California, Native American students want tuition waivers and other tangible restitution, after most state schools have issued statements acknowledging their fraught history with tribal land, according to Tori McConnell, a 21-year-old member of the Yurok Tribe who graduates from the University of California, Davis in June."It's only right that they do these things," she said. "Actions speak louder than words."Ryan King, a university spokesperson, said officials are "working diligently" to continue supporting Native students and tribal communities. He cited the creation of an advisory council to the university president that includes tribal leaders and scholars, among other recent efforts.Many American universities are a product of the Morrill Act, a law signed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 that funded the creation of public colleges through federal land sales. But an investigation by High Country News last year suggested nearly 11 million acres designated for so-called land grant colleges were actually taken from roughly 250 tribes.At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology near Harvard, Native American students this past semester dug into the renowned school's Native American legacy, including how it continues to benefit from its status as one of the nation's original land grant colleges.Luke Bastian, a 22-year-old Navajo student from Phoenix, stands for a photograph, May 13, 2021, on the campus of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Mass.Luke Bastian, a 22-year-old Navajo student from Phoenix, says he and other students presented their class projects to MIT's president earlier this month as they urge the institution to create a Native American studies program. University officials say conversations with Native students are ongoing and Bastian is optimistic they'll make progress. Students have already successfully lobbied for a designated campus space for Native students and convinced MIT to drop Columbus Day in favor of celebrating Indigenous People's Day, he said.Some universities have taken laudable steps in recent years to prioritize the needs of Native students, say Indigenous community advocates.Colorado State University offers the in-state tuition rate to students from any federally or state recognized tribe. And South Dakota State University uses private donations to provide scholarships to local tribal members and revenue from the college's land grant trust to enhance Native American programming, research and other efforts."We can't change the past, but we can change the future for these young people," says Barry Dunn, the university's president and a member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe who launched the Wokini Initiative in 2017.The call for colleges to do more comes at a critical time, as the coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated higher education challenges for Native students, who already had the lowest college graduation rates in the country, said Cheryl Crazy Bull, president of the American Indian College Fund, which awarded Maltais a full scholarship to Harvard Law. During the pandemic, Native students experienced the sharpest college enrollment decline of any racial or ethnic group, as economic hardships, health disparities and the challenges of remote learning in isolated tribal communities forced many students to quit school, said Crazy Bull.At Harvard, there's concern that Native students are being asked to take temporary leave from campus due to poor grades at rates higher than those of the overall student population, according to Emily Van Dyke, president of Harvard's Native American alumni group.That suggests Native students are struggling to adjust once they arrive on campus, said the 39-year-old Seattle resident and member of the Siksika Nation in Canada. The number of Native students enrolled in the school of more than 6,700 undergraduates has dropped in recent years, from 45 in the 2009-2010 school year to 16 in 2019-2020, according to university data.Students and alumni are also pushing Harvard to formally acknowledge that it stands on land once inhabited by Indigenous peoples, Van Dyke said. It's a basic, initial step many colleges have taken, including MIT and the University of California, Davis."We're nowhere near where other colleges are at," Van Dyke said. Harvard spokespeople declined to comment on the concerns, but Joseph Gone, an anthropology professor who heads the school's Native American program, said the university is in preliminary talks with local tribes to develop a land acknowledgement statement. A member of the Gros Ventre Tribe in Montana, Gone also argues Harvard has made strides since his days as an undergraduate in the 1990s. He's one of three tenured Native American professors and roughly 10 Native American courses are now offered each semester.The school's famous Peabody Museum, meanwhile, is also working to repatriate scores of artifacts to Native American tribes, Gone said, though some Native American groups have recently criticized the process.For her part, Maltais says Harvard and other schools should ensure Native students coming from remote tribal communities acclimate to college life by investing more in student groups, mentorship programs, counseling and other support services. The Dartmouth graduate, who recently served in the Peace Corps in Tonga, also supports the idea of free or discounted tuition for Native students, but stresses that shouldn't be the only solution."Not everyone needs a fancy degree," she said. "Sometimes the only reparation for land is land."
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Aldosterone (1)Angiotensin II (1)Astrocyte (1)Biological sciences (1)View MoreAuthorsDepartment of Physiology (6)Choi, Hyehun (1)Iddings, Jennifer Ann (1)McCarthy, Cameron (1)Mitchell, Brett M. (1)View MoreTypesDissertation (6)
Tetrahydrobiopterin-Dependent Vasodilation is Impaired in Experimental Hypertension
Mitchell, Brett M. (2003-05)
Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability leads to decreased vasodilation and increased blood presssure. Adequate amounts of the NO synthase (NOS) cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), optimizes NO production. Reduced BH4 results in decreased NO and increased superoxide production. Therefore, we hypothesized that decreased GTP cyclohydrolase (GTPCH), the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 production, decreases NO leading to impaired vasodilation and increased blood pressure. To examine the effect of in vivo GTPCH inhibition on vasodilation and blood pressure, we administered DAHP in the drinking water of rats. Systolic blood pressure increased significantly in DAHP-treated rats. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was decreased in aortas from DAHP-treated rats, but restored with superoxide dismutase or sepiapterin, which produces BH4 via a salvage pathway. In conclusion, in vivo GTPCH inhibition leads to decreased NO production resulting in decreased BH4-dependent vasodilation and increased blood pressure. Excess glucocorticoids (GC) cause hypertension. To assess the effect of GCs on BH4 biosynthesis and vasodilation, we implanted dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC, in rats. Aortas were isolated after 12 hours, 4 days, or 15 days of DEX-treatment to examine the role of GTPCH in the onset, development, and maintenance of GC-induced hypertension, respectively. Aortic relaxation and GTPCH and eNOS mRNA levels were decreased significantly in aortas from 4- and 15-day DEX-treated rats and restored with sepiapterin. In conclusion, excess GCs down-regulate GTPCH leading to decreased BH4-dependent vasodilation, which contributes to GC-induced hypertension. To assess if GCs act directly on the blood vessel to down-regulate GTPCH and decrease vasodilation, we incubated rat aortic rings with various compounds and found endothelium-dependent relaxation and GTPCH mRNA decreased significantly following incubation with DEX for 6 hours. This effect was blocked by a GC receptor antagonist and reversed by sepiapterin. In conclusion, GCs act through the GC receptor to down-regulate GTPCH leading to decreased BH4- dependent vasodilation. The results support the overall hypothesis that decreased BH4 biosynthesis, either by GCs or pharmacological inhibition, results in decreased NO production leading to reduced vasodilation and increased blood pressure.
Toll-like receptor 9 contributes to vascular dysfunction in hypertension
McCarthy, Cameron (2016-03)
Inappropriate immune system activation is common in hypertension; however, the exact mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood. Innate immune system recognition and response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is becoming an increasingly accepted mechanism. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a DAMP that is recognized by Toll-like receptor (TLR)9, and it is elevated in the circulation of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Therefore, we hypothesized that (1) inhibition of TLR9 in SHR with a TLR9 antagonist (ODN2088) or TLR9 inhibitor (chloroquine) would lower blood pressure and improve vascular function and that (2) treatment of normotensive rats with a TLR9 agonist (ODN2395) would cause vascular dysfunction and increase blood pressure. Both ODN2088 and chloroquine lowered high blood pressure in SHR and treatment with chloroquine also improved cyclooxygenase-dependent endothelial function and prevented the full recruitment of the adaptive immune system in SHR. On the other hand, treatment of normotensive rats with ODN2395 increased blood pressure and rendered their arteries less sensitive to acetylcholine-induced relaxation and more sensitive to norepinephrine-induced contraction. This dysfunctional vasoreactivity was due to cyclooxygenase activation, increased reactive oxygen species generation, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. In conclusion, these findings support the involvement of the innate immune system pattern recognition receptor TLR9 in the pathogenesis and maintenance of hypertension. Specifically, circulating mtDNA may activate TLR9 and contribute to high blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in SHR.
The effects of hypertension on neurovascular unit function and structure
Iddings, Jennifer Ann (2015)
Functional hyperemia is the regional increase in cerebral blood flow upon increases in neuronal activity which ensures that the metabolic demands of the neurons are met. Hypertension is known to impair the hyperemic response; however, the neurovascular coupling mechanisms by which this cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs have yet to be fully elucidated. The goal of this dissertation project was to test the central hypothesis that hypertension-induced impairments in functional hyperemia are mediated by a specific disruption of communication within the neurovascular unit at the parenchymal arteriole level of the cerebrovascular tree. To test our hypothesis, we measured parenchymal arteriole reactivity, vascular smooth muscle cell Ca2+ dynamics, parenchymal arteriole remodeling and cerebral vascular density in cortical brain slices from normotensive (WKY) and hypertensive (SHR) rats. We found that vasoconstriction in response to the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619 and basal vascular smooth muscle cell Ca2+ oscillation frequency were increased in parenchymal arterioles from SHR. In perfused and pressurized parenchymal arterioles, myogenic tone was increased in SHR. While K+-induced parenchymal arteriole dilations were similar in WKY and SHR, metabotropic glutamate receptor activation-induced parenchymal arteriole dilations were enhanced in SHR. Further, neuronal stimulation-evoked parenchymal arteriole dilations were similar in SHR and WKY. Parenchymal arteriole wall to lumen ratio and wall thickness were increased in SHR. Vascular density was also increased in deeper cortical layers in SHR. Our data indicate that although SHR parenchymal arterioles display vascular remodeling, neurovascular coupling is not impaired in SHR, at least at the parenchymal arteriole level.
The Effect of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism on Ischemic Infarct Size
Rigsby, Christiné Spring (2006-12)
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States, where approximately 88% of stroke occurrences are ischemic in origin. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for stroke. Elevated aldosterone levels have also been identified as a risk factor for stroke, as patients with primary aldosteronism incur increased incidences of cardiovascularrelated pathologies than do patients with essential hypertension. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptor (MR) activation can induce deleterious vascular remodeling and, conversely, blockade of the MR with spironolactone reduces cerebral infarct size in male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP). It is known from studies in SHRSP that cerebral vessel structure is directly related to infarct size. We hypothesized that chronic spironolactone treatment would alter cerebral vessel structure. Six-week-old male SHRSP were treated with spironolactone for six weeks and passive vessel structure was analyzed using a pressurized arteriograph. Spironolactone treatment prevented cerebral vessel remodeling. From a clinical standpoint, many patients present with pre-existing vascular damage; therefore, we hypothesized that chronic MR antagonism would reverse existing vascular damage. Twelve-week-old male SHRSP were treated as described above. Interestingly, spironolactone treatment partially reversed existing cerebral vessel remodeling. Recent analysis of data from the Framingham Heart Study show that females may be more sensitive to the effects of aldosterone, but few studies looking at MR blockade have been performed in females. Similar ischemic stroke and vascular analysis studies were performed in 12-week-old female SHRSP. Contrary to the male studies, MR antagonism, using spironolactone or eplerenone, did not reduce damage from ischemic stroke or improve vessel structure. MR protein expression was evaluated in cerebral arteries collected from 12-week-old male and female SHRSP using Western blot analysis. Surprisingly, female SHRSP had increased MR expression, compared to male SHRSP. These novel studies uncover an apparent sexual dimorphism in the actions of MR antagonists and expression of the MR in SHRSP. The action of the MR antagonists may be influenced by differential MR expression and this could help to explain the sex difference observed.
Increased S-nitrosylation Impairs Contraction and Relaxation in Mouse Aorta
Choi, Hyehun (2011-06)
S-Nitrosylation is a ubiquitous protein modification in redox-based signaling. This modification uses nitric oxide (NO) to forms S-nitrosothiol (SNO) on cysteine residues. Thioredoxin (Trx) and Trx reductase (TrxR) play a role in limiting Snitrosylation. We hypothesized overall that S-nitrosylation of intracellular signaling molecules impairs contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Aortic rings from C57BL/6 mice were used to measure vascular contraction and relaxation. The rings were treated with TrxR inhibitors, auranofin or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), and/or NO donors, propylamine propylamine NONOate (PANOate) or S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO), to increase Snitrosylation. Contractile responses of aortic rings to phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), a PKC activator, were attenuated by auranofin, DNCB, PANOate, and CysNO. PKCa S-nitrosylation was increased by a TrxR inhibitor and CysNO; concomitantly, PKCa activity and downstream signaling were inhibited as compared to control protein. Vascular relaxation in aortic rings from normotensive (Sham) and angiotensin II (Angll)-induced hypertensive mice was measured after contraction with phenylephrine in the presence or absence of DNCB. DNCB reduced relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) compared to vehicle, but the antioxidants, apocynin and tempol, normalized DNCB-induced impaired relaxation to ACh in sham aorta. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) S-nitrosylation was increased by DNCB, and sGC activity (cyclic GMP assay) was reduced in sham aorta. In aortic rings from Angll-treated mice, DNCB did not change relaxation to ACh compared to vehicle. DNCB decreased relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in aortic rings from both sham and Angll mice. Total protein S-nitrosylation was enhanced in Angll aorta compared to sham, and TrxR activity was inhibited in Angll aorta compared to sham. These data suggest that PKC is inactivated by S-nitrosylation and this modification inhibits contractile responses to PDBu. TrxR inhibition reduces vascular relaxation via increasing oxidative stress and sGC S-nitrosylation. In Angll-induced hypertensive mice, augmented S-nitrosylation is associated with impaired vasodilation. Thus, TrxR and Snitrosylation may provide a critical mechanism in hypertension associated with abnormal vascular reactivity.
The Mechanisms Underlying VLDL-Induced Aldosterone Production
Tsai, Ying-Ying (2014-03)
Aldosterone is responsible for sodium retention, thus increased blood volume and pressure. Excessive production of aldosterone results in high blood pressure, as well as renal disease, stroke, and visual loss via its effects on blood pressure. Although weight gain is associated with increased blood pressure, it remains unclear how excess fat deposits increase blood pressure. Indeed, overweight and obesity issues are correlated with serious health risks. In addition to hypertension, obese patients typically have high lipoprotein levels; moreover, some studies have suggested that aldosterone levels are also elevated and represent a link between obesity and hypertension. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) functions to transport triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues. Previous studies have demonstrated that VLDL can stimulate aldosterone production. By analogy with the signaling pathways activated by Angll, including the finding that VLDL increases cytosolic calcium levels, here we show that both phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) are involved in VLDL-induced aldosterone production. The effects of VLDL on steroidogeneses are mediated via an ability of these signaling pathways to result in the induction of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression, the early and late limiting steps in aldosterone biosynthesis, presumably byincreasing the phosphorylation (activation) of their regulatory transcription factors, such as the cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors.


(WASHINGTON) – Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex M. Azar III, announced today the largest ever health care fraud enforcement action involving 601 charged defendants across 58 federal districts, including 165 doctors, nurses and other licensed medical professionals, for their alleged participation in health care fraud schemes involving more than $2 billion in false billings. Of those charged, 162 defendants, including 76 doctors, were charged for their roles in prescribing and distributing opioids and other dangerous narcotics. Thirty state Medicaid Fraud Control Units also participated in today's arrests. In addition, HHS announced today that from July 2017 to the present, it has excluded 2,700 individuals from participation in Medicare, Medicaid, and all other Federal health care programs, which includes 587 providers excluded for conduct related to opioid diversion and abuse.


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Q: Noise in transmission system Does external noise (not electrical noise) affect system voltage? If so how does a source of sound energy distort a voltage waveform?
https://youtu.be/4TCnYYpZxEc
What exactly is happening in this lecture at 46:50 when the professor increases the noise of the chain saw?

A: In principle, acoustic waves do not generate electricity on metal wires directly.
However, special devices can be built to transform acoustic energy into electric energy and vice-versa. In dynamic microphones, for instance, acoustic waves move a thin membrane attached to a wire coil in the presence of magnetic field created by a magnet. The perceived change of the magnetic field by the coil generates electricity. A similar effect happens in a speaker, this time in the opposite direction: an electric signal will make the coil move, what will move a membrane and create an acoustic wave.
Another practical effect for the acoustic/electrical conversion is the piezoelectric effect. Certain materials can generate electricity when subject to mechanical stress, and vice-versa, they can generate mechanical movement in presence of electrical signals. Certain buzzers make use of this effect, like the one responsible for the "beep" sound from a microwave oven. These types of devices can also be used in the opposite direction, as well, like in guitar pick-ups. As a curiosity, the piezoelectric effect is also used in filters in cell phones, but at very very high ultrasonic frequencies.
You may also have certain components in a circuit that unitentionally produce sound from electricity. Transformers, for example, can hum due to the vibration of their cores. Ceramic capacitors can produce very soft clicks due to the piezoelectric effect. These same components can theoretically work the other way and produce electric signals out of acoustic noises. However, in practice the electric signal that may be created is negligible in most cases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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N.Y. Textile Fairs Reflect Volatile Trade Climate
Executives were unified that textile innovation was crucial to bringing strong products to the market that answer consumer needs.
By Arthur Friedman on July 25, 2016
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NEW YORK — A wave of economic uncertainty mixed with an evolving manufacturing landscape at this month's round of fabric and sourcing shows here.
Executives were unified that textile innovation has never been more vital, along with the need to establish a production strategy that balances quality, competitiveness, quick response and sustainability.
There was deep concern over geopolitical matters, from repeated terrorist incidents that have eroded business confidence to antitrade sentiments in the U.S. presidential campaign in both political parties, as well as the potential of isolationist policies from Republican candidate Donald Trump.
Guglielmo Olearo, director of international shows at Première Vision, said, "The world environment is getting worse, which is adding more uncertainty in the market. The retailer is looking for alternative business models, the brands are trying to revamp their appeal, and everybody feels the unease. People don't feel hopeful."
Interviewed at PV New York at Pier 94, he said "there can be an opportunity for those that are willing to take risks, care about the quality of their products, and create interest and trust in their products."
At Texworld USA at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, exhibitors and speakers at topical seminars focused on ways to advance manufacturing approaches and product development.
Discussing the revival of Made in New York, Carolee Fink, executive vice president and chief development officer at the New York City Economic Development Corp., said its "Made in New York" initiative is a "suite of programs that help manufacturers, designers, students, the whole spectrum of people that are in the industry."
If manufacturing isn't viable in New York, she noted, it will lose its young talent, which takes away from the city's competitiveness and from design innovation in the city.
"So we see supporting the manufacturing sector as a critical part of supporting the entire fashion ecosystem," Fink said. "We have programs that give manufacturers grants to buy new equipment and upgrade their technology. We have loan programs that help designers with gap financing where they can finance out their purchase orders."
The program also does marketing, spending $1 million on advertising last year, and a website at madeinnewyork.nyc with lists of manufacturers and designers.
"We develop our programs in close collaboration with industry partners to help identify how government can help grow the sector," Fink said. "We're always thinking about new ways we can support all the businesses in the sector."
She cited the program's Fashion Production Fund and Design Entrepreneurs that can assist in finding cost-effective ways to make goods in the city, from Midtown Manhattan to Brooklyn and Queens.
Fink and Mimi Prober, who runs her own fashion firm and is co-head of education at Brooklyn incubator and production hub Manufacture New York, emphasized the quality control and quick delivery of local manufacturing as reasons to produce in the city or the U.S.
Prober said her philosophy is "geared toward sustainability and zero waste and taking handcrafted textiles and bringing it into a new and modern light."
"I'm also launching a ready-to-wear collection next month that's very much Made in NYC, from the farm to the garment," she said. "We have so many resources here, from the farms upstate to the manufacturing facilities, development, artisans, makers — we have such an amazing New York community that it's a shame not to produce locally and to support that. I really believe that you get a better product when you work hand-in-hand with people."
Tina Schenk, owner of Werkstatt, said when she started her pattern development studio in 2008 in the garment center, she saw a need for high-end creative pattern development in New York. She stressed that local production "allows for collaboration and also cuts down on development time — it's a good soil for us to thrive together."
David Roshan, president of Laguna Fabrics in Los Angeles, said since opening its own knitting plant last year, which is "running 24/6," the contemporary knitwear company is better able to meet "quick deliveries."
"We sell a lot of better brands and specialty stores and that's important for them to be able to react to trends," Roshan said. "People also want to be closer to the market more than ever."
Offering a broader perspective on global sourcing, Megan Donadio, senior manager of the Retail and Consumer Group at Kurt Salmon, said at a PV seminar, "The current state of manufacturing is at a crossroads in the U.S. today."
Donadio said the strategy for U.S. companies should be about a balanced approach to sourcing. The "evolving supply chain," she said, involves a consumer-driven product mix and buying pattern that requires "faster deliveries, where speed is essential."
"Many companies are increasing their near-shoring and local sourcing capabilities," Donadio added.
Sandrine Bernard, executive vice president at Solstiss USA, said she had seen more buyers and designers from New York and the West Coast this edition, but less from places like Latin America. She attributed this to economic situations and tight travel budgets, while at the same time there has been a pickup in local sourcing.
In a trend presentation, Sabine Le Chatelier, deputy fashion director at PV, forecast that graphic motifs and metallic and iridescent fabrics will be important, along with a luxurious upgrade to "sweatshirt, casual fabrics."
Slubbed and twisted yarns, tweeds and velvets answer a call for "imperfection," she said, while on the technical side, synthetics that create an artificial shine or silky effect seem right, along with light quilted materials taken from outerwear for sportswear and multimotif knits and prints that have some "fantasy and playfulness."
Textile innovation was the subject of a panel discussion at Texworld, with several key aspects were explored.
Tricia Carey, director of global business development for denim at Lenzing Fibers, said one of the newest developments in the market has been fiber and fabric blends to achieve varied performance and fashion characteristics. At Lenzing, Tencel is being blended with cashmere and wool for a better hand, warmth and strength, as well as a more luxurious fabric.
"At Lenzing, technology is driven by market needs, working with firms like Invista," Carey said.
David Sasso, vice president of sales at Buhler Quality Yarns, which has 13,000 spindles in the U.S. and produces 8 million pounds of yarn annually using Tencel, modal and Supima cotton, said, "The consumer wants comfort and performance. For Buhler, that means creating yarns that are bulkier or lighter, or tighter or looser, to create the desired performance effects, without any chemistry."
Jean Hegedes, global segment director for denim and wovens at Invista, said, "We recently introduced Thermolite Pro, which absorbs infrared light, heating up the fabric of the jeans 4 degrees, and is meant for winter jeans.
"Innovation is almost all consumer-product driven and in denim we know that fit is the number-one purchase motivator," Hegedes said. "Comfort is a very close second. The key in arriving at a cooling or warming fabric is reengineering the fiber, along with fabric construction."
At Korean Preview New York at the Metropolitan Pavilion, fabrics with special characteristics were at the forefront.
"After the free-trade agreement in 2009, exports have accelerated," said Bryan Cho, deputy director of the marketing team at the Korean Trade-Investment Agency, which helps put on the show. "Creative innovation and sustainability are main themes of the show. Sustainability is a requirement to enter the European market and it's important to the U.S., as well."
Those elements and materials aimed at an active lifestyle were on show at SpinExpo at the Brooklyn Convention Center.
A display called Spin Active showed off how various mills spun yarns and knits into activewear and ath-leisure looks with contemporary styling. This included a presentation by textile machine Specialist Santoni featuring seamless and circular knitting. The Spin Active zone featured "biomimicry," which takes inspiration from the form and function of biological species to create performance wear.
Roberta Ruschmann, a sales executive at Meadowbrook Inventions, said its Angelina Fibers create special optical and technical effects and can be blended with most other fibers. Meadowbrook is introducing recycled fibers for 2018. Angelina Fibers are composed of more than 90 percent post-industrial waste, contain no formaldehyde and are free of metals, Ruschmann added.
Texworld


Wurst-case scenario: Schnitzel Haus owner Fred Urban shows the controversial photo and the letter he and his wife posted to replace it on the wall of their Bay Ridge restaurant.
The owners of Schnitzel Haus took down a signed photo of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump that graced the Bay Ridge German joint for nearly a decade, because online reviewers called the eatery racist for appearing to support the divisive White House hopeful who has proposed a ban on all Muslims entering the U.S. and has been accused of using white-nationalist imagery in campaign materials.
Sausage slingers said the link was half-baked, but they begrudgingly removed the picture anyway — because the move made capitalistic sense.
It hanged there since the restaurant opened in 2007, said the owners. The Urbans are friends with the head of Trump's security, and The Donald — whose paternal grandfather immigrated to the U.S. from Germany — swung by the restaurant in its infancy to wish them luck with their business.
The Urbans were thrilled to display das foto, because of Trump's Teutonic roots.
But social media users said the photo was less than appetizing.
Another customer likened the photo to displaying a portrait of Adolf Hitler, Fred said.
So the stein-house owners dumped Trump's mug and replaced it with a letter to patrons explaining the picture's origin.
But neither Urban plans on casting lots with The Donald in November's election — in fact they may not vote at all, because they are more interested in stuffing sausage casings than ballot boxes, Fred said.
"We don't speak politics, we speak beer and wurst," he said.
The photo is from 10 years ago. SJWs need to get over themselves.
Ha ha ha haha "Art of the veal" was very clever!
Poor delicate little flowers! Can't handle diversity of opinion! Now where is my pokeman go?????
I know just how they feel, having an autographed copy of Mein Kampf myself.
"It hanged there" -- how about "it has hung there?" Damn.
Also no respect for these people for being intimidated.
Put that picture up in the basement to scare away rats.
Put up a picture of Hillary! Before she sells out the country. Monica lewinskis boy friends wife. Bring cash!
Has the owner of this restaurant been asleep for the past year?
The owner must not limit his reading to the New York Times; he remains within hailing distance of reality.
Strangely, there is no documented evidence Trump is an ethnicist (there is only one human race) and in fact no documentation of his mentioning anything about ethnic issues other than we need to stop criminals-every illegal entrant- and we need to stop Muslim immigration until we have some way to verify who they are.
If you don't like the view go to McDonald's , that what I would tell them customers. Brainwashed and cool aid drinking morons can go and stare at the great leaders portrait that they have hanging on their wall at home.
I'm no Trump supporter but geez, these poor people, getting bullied into taking the photo down. And this was an old photo, from when he was a Democrat. Some people have no sense of context.
People need to get a life. Hillary will kill this country just like Obama is doing and over 1 picture. This is what's wrong with people today. Just a bunch of little cry babies. We know who is really racist but don't see it.
Carl Rossi, I too am glad that "the locals are finally waking up" and "It ain't Marty Golden's Bay Ridge anymore."
The original complaint on Yelp, dated 7/28/16, was from a man from the BRONX.
They should replace it with a picture of Anthony's Weiner - the best and the brightest!
Mustafa - if you hate America so much, why don't you just go back to the middle east? Don't just take our welfare money and bad mouth us at the same time!
This story is a great example of why social media is bad for society. Why should someone get global influence for a passing thought from a severely jaded point of view. No one should know the thoughts of people in these situations. This the kind of thing that could bankrupt law abiding American citizens because they have a photo up of another law abiding American citizen. People have no right to that kind of knee jerk, overly sensitive influence. Shame on people who spread there vision to squash all others.
Why can't someone like Donald Trump or just be his friend? You walk in and see his photo, eat or don't eat and leave, end of story. Don't 'post' that the photo makes you uncomfortable. Just leave and go about your life. My vision of you is of a small minded, uber Liberal, spineless, busy body that's trying to feel important and trumpet to the world any little thing that doesn't conform to your idea of a perfect little life in your super intolerant little box. Let it go. Move on from the tiny things and enjoy life.
Get over it! I could think of many Hollywood stars, famous people, and political pictures that should be taken down all over the U.S.! Is this what America has become? You can't subscribe to a different Point-of-view?
They probably should have ate the sausage!


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The Norseman
Student Council helps prevent bullying
Eva Araujo|January 13, 2012
Over the years bullying has taken a backseat to other issues. For many people, they see bullying as a problem of the past, when kids got in school yard scuffles and groups of kids openly poked fun at others who they deemed weaker than themselves, but bullying is still a very real problem. It may not be as overtly present as it once was, but that has also made it that much more dangerous.
There are still instances where kids openly make fun of others, but more times than not, the bullying has moved to a digital platform where it is hidden from adults. Facebook, twitter, text messages, and tumbler all provide a platform for bullies.
In an effort to help combat bullying, Student Council will launch an anti-bullying campaign in January to help students learn how they can prevent bullies from having power over others.
Student Council decided to participate in Bully Prevention Week after a memeber expressed interest in starting an initiative last year. The campaign is a culmination of a year long process to combat bullying. Student council president John Fuller hopes it will encourage students to be more aware of the subject.
"Bully Prevention Week is an effort on the part of the student council to educate students about the dangers of bullying, how to prevent it, and how to respond to it," Fuller said. "Hopefully people become more familiar with the dangers of bullying as well as the reality of bullying and the fact that, as people change and evolve, bullying will still persist, but we can always work toward minimizing or eliminating bullying."
Student council sponsor Cyndi Owens believes that bullying has become a major problem in society and hopes this initiative will lessen the amount of bullying at school.
"There's a really powerful statistic that says bullies in school go on to become bullies in life and they really learn that habit in school and learn it gives them power," Owens said. "There was a suicide in Navasota last year as the result of cyber bullying and we really want to try to see if we can prevent that here."
Students like Landon Hoover agree that reminding students about the rising issue of bullying is a good way to keep it out of school.
"To me, this is great because students always forget that kids are being bullied all the time and that's not cool," Hoover said. "Maybe Bully Prevention Week will give kids a chance to stand up and stop bullying."
Students are encouraged to get involved in raising awareness by telling their peers about Bully Prevention Week which will be held the third week of January and will coincide with other student council activities.
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Chippendales: The 2016 Break The Rules Tour
Chippendales is a touring dance troupe best known for its male striptease performances and for its dancers' distinctive upper body costume of a bow tie and shirt cuffs worn on an otherwise bare torso.
Established in 1979, Chippendales was the first all-male stripping troupe to make a business performing for mostly female audiences. Through the quality of its staging and choreography, Chippendales also helped legitimize stripping as a form of popular entertainment.
Today, the company produces Broadway-style shows worldwide and licenses its intellectual property for select consumer products ranging from apparel and accessories to slot machines and video games. The Chippendales perform in a ten-million dollar theater and lounge built specifically for them at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. Annually, the official men of Chippendales are seen by almost two million people worldwide, performing in more than 25 cities in the U.S., 23 cities in Central and South America, 60 European cities, four Asian countries, and eight South African cities. The main troupe members today are Billy Jeffrey, Gavin McHale, Sami Eskelin, Nathan Minor, Jaymes Vaughan, Staceyy Robinson, James Davis and Johnny Howes.
CategoriesConcerts, Events, Parties Tagschippendales
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Discussion in 'Religion Archives' started by flameofanor5, Dec 6, 2007.
I actually have been, maybe not as much as I should have. But, half of what I am taught in philosophy. We would call it Bible class, but because when people transfer to a different school, we do not want to make any problems with non christian schools. Origionally, it was always what I was told. I was only a kid, I wasnt able to understand anything other than what I was taught. I have began to believe different than what I've been taught. I think I may have said this before, but I do believe in theistic evolutionists. Christians, that believe that God used evolution to create the world. Just like it was stated above.
I know that many people believe in evolution, and don't believe in the bible.
An atheist is one who denies the existence of a deity or of divine beings.
If you are denying it, then it is your job to prove theists wrong. Do not tell us to prove our religions correct, we make the statement, and you are supposed to rebut our beliefs.
Last I checked, Christianity was not the defacto religion of the Human race. To say someone is supposed to refute a belief they do not hold is to say if they cant, then they must accept it as their own. I think they everyone is entitled to their own beliefs and if they do not intertwine with your own, accept it and move on.
I did suspect that you were young, and I don't think you are rude, just curious. I appreciate your ability to be self-critical, and to re-evaluate what you have been taught.
On the subject of evolution, it doesn't disprove God, but it does explain how complex life could have come about without a supernatural creator.
Another problem with people who say they are Christians, when they actually aren't. They often act innapropriately, and make Christians look bad. There are many strong Christians who can be very mean, not only to other religions, but to other groups of Christians. Noone is perfect, and unfortunately, since Christians main goal is to glorify our God, we tend to look worse doing something bad, than if a nonchristian did.
or do you give all your money to the poor,heal the sick,cast out demons,drink poisons and handle snakes without being hurt,etc etc..
Is it worth trying to say that Christians are wrong? I mean, if we are correct, that means that you are going to hell.
and if Muslims are right guess where you're are going?
There are actualy 66 books compiled into one collection that we know as the Bible. Four of which (the Gospels) were written by four seperate people from as early as 30 AD to the last around 70 AD, and are almost identical in content. Two of the Gospels are written in the first person and are assumed to be eyewitness accounts, two are second hand which were recieved from eyewitnesses.
If its historical evidence you want, 4 accounts of the same events from both eyewitness and second hand sources, written as early as 30 years after the death of Christ is pretty substancial. There is also less than a 100 year span between the writing of the original scripture texts and their copies. Compared to other historical documents like texts from Caesar, Aristotle, Sophocles, and Tacitus which range anywhere from 1000-1400 years between original and copy, the Bible is extremely reliable. Yet these other texts are taken as fact, when the Bible sometimes is not, despite its overwhelming advantage as an accurate document.
If you are denying it, then it is your job to prove theists wrong.
To deny something means that something has been claimed. The job of "proof" would rely on the claimant.
And please don't base your idea of Christians off of the mistakes I made. I'm still young, and I make a lot of mistakes. Noone is perfect.
If you wish that Christianity be taken seriously, then you need to do a lot better than you have so far.
Your apologies and excuses do not make anything better.
That 30-100 years is not the difference between original and copy, it's the difference between the alleged events and their first written account.
We need a book specifically titled "for atheists"
Reading comprehension 101. What I said was that the first written accounts were as early as 30 years AD and the last was 70 AD. First COPY was 100 years later. With other texts the copies are at minimum 1000 years after the originals. Reread in my opinion.
Nikkmon, if you believe that "4 accounts of the same events from both eyewitness and second hand sources, written as early as 30 years after the death of Christ is pretty substancial," then you need to spend some time actually reading the Bible before you try to defend it. The gospel accounts are NOT consistent with each other. Not only do the details conflict, but the basic theology does, too. There's not enough space here to list all the contradictions, but go to bibleblunders.com for a LONG list of contradictions, just from the New Testament. And yes, you can prove a negative, by showing that it leads to a contradiction. If it leads to MANY contradictions, then it is guaranteed to be false!
You have actualy helped to prove my point. The Gospels were written by four seperate people with no collaberation between them, yet the message is consistant. Yes there might be some errors or the occassion contradiction and I am not disputing that, but the majority of the written accounts are consistant with each other. Eyewitness accounts are never identical because eyewitness accuracy may be reduced by errors that occur within the memory process, so contradictions are expected. And now that we agree there was no collaberation between the four, since there are some discrepencies, we can also agree that there are now four VALID accounts of ACTUAL events.
We can play these games all day, but the fact remains that on paper, as far as validity and dependability, the Gospels stand apart from other ancient texts which are taken as fact. If you can take a document that has a 1400 year gap in between original and its first copy and written by one person as fact, then you can should also take as fact events that were seperately documented by four individuals with no collaberation between them, written one generation at most after the death of Christ and only 100 years between original and copy.
You have actualy helped to prove my point. The Gospels were written by four seperate people with no collaberation between them, yet the message is consistant.
1. The author of Mark states that Jesus cast out demons from a man and into a couple thousand pigs while in Gerasa. The pigs then ran down a steep place and into the Sea of Galilee. Galilee is about 30 miles from Gerasa.
2. Matthew's author changed the earlier Mark to Gadara, which is still 5 miles from the shore of Galilee. The earliest manuscripts are Mark, which state Gerasa. But even if it were Gadara and Mark's author was wrong (leaving one to wonder why we should trust "as gospel" the word of either since they cannot agree -one is obviously deluded), did Mark's author run to keep up with the pigs for 5 miles just to watch their fate?
3. The author of Mark also wrote that Jesus traveled from Tyre to the Sea of Galilee, about 30-50 miles (depending on the route) in order to reach Sidon, which was back on the Mediterranean coast, yet another 40-50 miles! The wisest of wise men took a 70 mile journey, on foot, to reach his destination. Talk about taking the scenic route. A more likely explanation is that the gospel was invented by an author that was simply ignorant of Palestinian geography (in other words, had never been there; in other words, wasn't an 'apostle') and thought Sidon was on the coast of the Sea of Galilee.
Ok something you need to understand is the burden of proof. Something like a god is a claim, a hypothesis if you will, until proven true. The arguement "You can't prove there is an god, but you also can't prove there isn't" is flawed. The burden of proof lies with the one who makes the claim. If I were to tell you santa claus was living on some remote planet billions of miles away, you would assume it were false until I proved otherwise. Same logic applies to any claim. If you're going to tell me there is a god I am going to want some hard evidence to support it.
I hate when christians do this. Whenever a christian does something that makes christianity look bad, he is all of a sudden not a christian. I'm sorry but that is not how it works. If a man accepts christ into his heart as his savior and all that bull, he is a christian. Christianity teaches that everyone sins, so just because a bunch of christians do not follow all the teachings does not mean they are not christian. And actually if you're not out there executing homosexuals, then you too are earning your place in hell.
nikkmon: some light reading for you and Revolvr and any other person whos interested.
with load of thank's to our very own "Iasion"


Since the early 2000s, several intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) have advanced the idea that the creative economy could be a 'feasible development option'. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) took the lead by preparing the 2008 and 2010 Creative Economy Reports, whereas the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and UNDP executed the 2013 report. The article – based on an actor-centred institutionalism – explores the role IGOs have played in the promulgation of the 'creative economy' policy agenda. Through a socio-political analysis, we reveal how IGOs act and interact with each other vis-à-vis 'creative economy' policy agenda making. On one hand, the article seeks to highlight why and how IGOs include the creative economy within their priorities and use the concept, influence or challenge its orientations. On the other hand, it aims to examine their ability to act in common in order to globalize the 'creative economy' policy agenda and create new forms of cultural industries governance.


text:
Some Tears, Lower-Seeded Upsets Monday in Wimbledon Women's Play
by Staff | July 3rd, 2017, 5:06 pm
Two lower-seeded upsets made for a straight-forward opening day at Wimbledon, where No. 2 seed Simona Halep led off with a victory in her quest to take the No. 1 ranking for the first time during this fortnight.
ADHEREL
Halep defeated New Zealand's Marina Erakovic 6-4, 6-1.
"I knew she had a strong forehand," said Halep, who will next meet Brazil's Beatriz Haddad Maia. "I didn't know actually that she's hitting so well the slice, so I had a little bit trouble in the first set. But then I got used to the rhythm. In the second set, it was much better. The court is a bit different than the practice courts — was tough to adjust."
Other Top 10 winners Monday were No. 4 Elina Svitolina who edged Aussie Ashleigh Barty 7-5, 7-6(8), No. 6 Johanna Konta who eased past Taiwan's Hsieh Su-Wei 6-2, 6-2, No. 8 Dominika Cibulkova who survived Andrea Petkovic 6-3, 3-6, 9-7, and No. 10 Venus Williams who beat Belgian Elise Mertens 7-6(7), 6-4.
"It was extremely tough match," she Cibulkova after closing it out 9-7 on her sixth match point. She will next meet American Jennifer Brady. "I knew it was going to be a tough one against Andrea. We know each other pretty well. I think my game suits her game, so I knew it's gonna be tough one."
The elder Williams sister broke down in her press conference afterwards when questions came around to her off-court court case where police ruled her at fault for a car accident where a victim died. The case is still under investigation.
"I never thought that I'd play this many [Wimbledons], but I'm grateful to be here and to play," Williams told reporters afterwards. "I love the game."
Lower-seeded winners Monday were No. 11 Petra Kvitova, No. 13 Jelena Ostapenko, No. 15 Elena Vesnina who beat fellow Russian Anna Blinkova 6-2 in the third, No. 17 Madison Keys, No. 18 Anastasija Sevastova, No. 21 Caroline Garcia, No. 22 Barbora Strycova, No. 25 Carla Suarez Navarro who came back to beat Eugenie Bouchard 1-6, 6-1, 6-1, and No. 27 Ana Konjuh who was surprisingly efficient in dismissing Sabine Lisicki 6-1, 6-4.
On the upset tip were German Carina Witthoeft outlasting No. 26 Mirjana Lucic-Baroni 6-3, 5-7, 8-6, and Czech Kristyna Pliskova, twin sister of the current world No. 2, defeating No. 31 Roberta Vinci 7-6(6), 6-2.
In all-unseeded play, former No. 1 Victoria Azarenka was in early trouble before storming back to defeat American teen Catherine Bellis 3-6, 6-2, 6-1.
"[Bellis] is definitely not an easy opponent, especially in the first round," Azarenka said prior to the match. "I'm here unseeded with really no ranking. I didn't really know who I'm going to play. I expect every round to be tough. But I actually practiced with her couple of times already. I practiced with her here and in Mallorca. She's definitely a good player. At this age you have nothing to lose, just go out there with no pressure, and playing."
Matches to watch for Tuesday are struggling (1) Angie Kerber vs. (Q) Irini Falconi, (9) Aggie Radwanska vs. former No. 1 Jelena Jankovic, (7) Svetlana Kuznetsova vs. (Q) Ons Jabeur, (5) Caroline Wozniacki vs. Timea Babos, and (19) Timea Bacsinszky vs. Olympic gold winner Monica Puig.
Serena v Lefty, Crying Game v Slicy in Wimbledon Women's Semis
Novak Djokovic Reduced This Cute Girl To Tears After Taking A Selfie With Her [Video]
Marin Cilic Broke Down In Tears Early In The Second Set During The Wimbledon Final [Video]
Radwanska Eliminated Leaving No Top 3 Women's Seeds In A Slam 4th RD For First Time In Open Era
Muguruza Muddles Through; Halep Hopes Achilles OK; Serena Debuts Tuesday at Wimbledon
Read more stories about: Tennis, Wimbledon
Tags: Catherine Bellis, Dominika Cibulkova, Petra Kvitova, Simona Halep, Venus Williams, Victoria Azarenka


A large part of our work at The Coding Guys involves fixing problems with websites. Specifically, WordPress websites. Firstly we should state the difference between the two versions of the popular blog/content management system. There are .com & .org versions. For clarity, if you go to wordpress.com you can set up a hosted site ranging from completely free (wordpress subdomain & advertising banners) to a small business website for £20 per month. You basically build your website/blog or even a simple eCommerce website yourself and have it hosted by WordPress.
So what's the .org version?
WordPress.org is open source software. Websites, Blogs and apps can all be created using WordPress. It requires your own hosting, domain name and knowledge of website design and development. This is where problems can occur. Not all developers are equal! The most common problem we see is theme customisation done without using a child theme. Clients come to update their website to the latest version (a crucial piece of maintenance) or the latest theme/plugin upgrade and, all of a sudden things don't work or look the same anymore. We see this all the time. The developer failed to use a child theme instead choosing to overwrite code within the core files or theme. It's lazy and bad practise!
Child themes overcome this problem. They inherit all the functionality and style of the parent theme but allow for customisation. Creating a website using this method ensures critical updates to core files can be completed safe in the knowledge that nothing will be lost.
If your website is built on WordPress and you are not sure whether your developer has used a child theme get in touch with us today and we can check for you.


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FPHL Official
OFFICIAL SITE OF THE
DANBURY HAT TRICKS
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Why The Hat Tricks Name
Ownership Group – DP 110
CEO Diamond Properties, LLC
Jim Diamond is CEO Diamond Properties, LLC, a company he co-founded in 1995. Diamond Properties has acquired in excess of seventy properties, including office, medical, industrial, retail, residential, self-storage, recreation, and lodging in 7 states, and currently owns in excess of 60 properties totaling in excess of 11,000,000 square feet. Jim is also a director of RDI, Inc., an electronics engineering and manufacturing company that he co-founded in 1989. In 1998, Jim co-founded Xanboo Inc., an Internet company that was sold to AT&T in 2010. Jim graduated with Honors and a B.A. in History from Princeton University. Jim has been a Trustee of St. Paul's School, in Concord, New Hampshire; Northern Westchester Hospital in Mount Kisco, New York; Rippowam Cisqua School in Bedford, New York; and Bedford 2020 in Bedford, New York. Jim lives in Katonah and is married with two daughters.
Bill Diamond
President and Co-Founder of Diamond Properties, LLC
Bill Diamond is President and Co-Founder of Diamond Properties, LLC, a real estate company headquartered in Mount Kisco, NY that owns and manages in excess of 60 properties totaling over 11,000,000 sq ft. Bill is also CEO Diamond Hospitality Group, LLC, a division of Diamond Properties that owns and operates an assortment of family entertainment centers offering activities such as bowling, go-kart racing, and ropes climbing. Bill is a Director and co-owner of RDI, Inc., an electronics engineering and manufacturing company that owns a 90,000 sq ft manufacturing facility in Shenzhen, China. Previously, Bill was Co-Founder and President of Xanboo, Inc, a software company providing an end-to-end technology solution allowing users to command and control any type of enabled device or appliance over the Internet. Along with his wife Katie, Bill was a Co-Founder of ACT of CT, a 501C3 professional theater in Ridgefield CT bringing Broadway caliber theater to Fairfield County. Bill graduated with a B.A. in Political Science from Amherst College in 1991, is married, and has three children.
Jarrod Moses
Founder, President, & CEO of the United Entertainment Group (UEG)
Jarrod Moses is the Founder, President, & CEO of the United Entertainment Group (UEG). A seventeen-year veteran of creating brand deals in the entertainment industry, many industry colleagues as well as educators, cite Jarrod's work as the cornerstone of the branded-entertainment industry— bridging the gap between Madison Avenue and Hollywood. After quickly rising through the ranks of Grey Advertising as it's youngest President, Jarrod founded UEG as a joint venture with Hollywood powerhouse United Talent Agency. Under Jarrod's leadership, UEG has developed successful entertainment campaigns for marketers such as Procter & Gamble, Frito-Lay, General Mills, AT&T, Diageo, and Starbucks, while at the same time working closely with the world's most influential entertainment companies Time Warner, Comcast, MTV Networks, Facebook, and Google, and celebrities such as Mark Wahlberg, Queen Latifah, Pharrell Williams, and Drew Barrymore. Jarrod, a 1991 graduate of the University of Hartford, is married with two children and resides in Manhattan.
Chris Buonanno
Email chris.buonanno1@gmail.com
Chris Buonanno is a results driven automotive industry management executive, who most recently served as the President/Managing Partner of Estate Motors Mercedes Benz dealership in Westchester County, New York. In addition, from 1996-2015 Chris was the Managing Partner of Charisma Holding Corp. and Charisma Associates LLC, two real estate companies with a portfolio on both the commercial and residential sides. Chris is a 1993 graduate of the University of Hartford and resides in Armonk, New York. Chris has been married for 22 years and has two sons 19 & 15 years old.
Herm Sorcher
Email hsorcher@danburyice.com
Herm Sorcher is a 25+ year sports marketing executive and team owner. Herm began his career in 1989 with the Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League. From there he worked 17-years in Minor League Baseball (New Jersey Cardinals (NY-Penn League), Beloit Brewers (Midwest League), New Britain Red Sox (Eastern League), & Sussex Skyhawks (Can-Am League). In 2010, Herm was part of the Ownership group that launched the Danbury Whalers Hockey Club where he served as CEO/Managing Partner. The club operated from 2010-2015, featured 5-NHL draft picks, led the league in attendance all five seasons. The Danbury Whalers captured the Federal Hockey League Championship in 2012-13 and made the Finals 3-straight seasons. Herm also spent two years as the Vice President of Partnerships for Sky Blue FC of the National Women's Soccer League. A 1991 graduate of the University of Hartford, Herm hails from Freehold, New Jersey is the father of two children and lives in Brookfield, Connecticut.
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