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leaf spectral reflectance
41, 32–40. doi: 10.1007/s00227-011-1658-y. Bull. Spectral analysis was used to find a modified photochemical reflectance index (PRI) of leaves to estimate LUE and thereby estimate leaf Vcmax. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. . Use of hedgerows by mammals in an intensive agricultural landscape. At pre-dawn, when temperatures were lower, the PRI was also lower, but darker leaves also had higher PRI than yellow leaves. Ser. (1966). 335, 1–12. Remote Sens. A snow-free vegetation index for improved monitoring of vegetation spring green-up date in deciduous ecosystems. Mar. Some plant growth models require estimates of leaf area and absorbed radiation for simulating evapotranspiration and photosynthesis. Influence of carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling on land model response to CO2 fertilization and climate variability. (2005). Numbers represent salinity treatment values and shaded squares represent 50–70% shade cloth (n = 4). Biol. In contrast, this methodology has had very limited application in quantifying stress responses in seagrasses (Thorhaug et al., 2006). Our objective in this study was to develop spectral indices for prediction of leaf pigment content that are relatively insensitive to species and leaf structure variation and thus could be applied in larger scale remote-sensing studies without extensive calibration. Estuaries Coasts 34, 973–992. Schomer, N. S., and Drew, R. D. (1982). 81, 337–354. As a result, available data and technology are able to shed light on more aspects of plant growth and health. 13, 474–489. Leaf nitrogen effects on the gas exchange characteristics of Chenopodium album (L.) and Amaranthus retroflexus (L.). Ability of the photochemical reflectance index to track light use efficiency for a sub-tropical planted coniferous forest. 84‐48‐J from Dep. An investigation of inversion methodologies to retrieve the leaf area index of corn from C-band SAR data. The relationship of leaf photosynthetic traits – Vcmax and Jmax – to leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus, and specific leaf area: a meta-analysis and modeling study. Bot. doi: 10.3354/meps11923, Herbert, D. A., Perry, W. B., Cosby, B. J., and Fourqurean, J. W. (2011). (1988). 0000001622 00000 n Tang, Y. Quantifying photosynthetic capacity and its relationship to leaf nitrogen content for global-scale terrestrial biosphere models. 75, 261–274. Photosynthetica, 44(2), 248-254. doi:10.1007/s11099-006-0015-8, Weng, J. H., Jhaung, L. H., Lin, R. J., & Chen, H. Y. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 232, 74–88. Application of Earth Observation Data for Estimation of Changes in Land Trajectories in Varanasi District, India. doi: 10.1007/s12237-011-9388-4, Hochberg, E. J., Atkinson, M. J., Apprill, A., and Andréfouȅt, S. (2004). When plants are exposed to stress—such as high solar or ultraviolet radiation, heat, drought, salt, chilling, heavy metals, air pollutants, mechanical stress, pathogen attack, and nutrient deficiency—there is an increase in accumulation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS). One such mechanism is the xanthophyll cycle, which is known to protect plants from stress caused by chilling, light intensity, drought, heat, senescence, and salinity. All co-authors commented on and approved the final manuscript draft. volume 192, Article number: 788 (2020) 0000008145 00000 n Spectral reflectance [R(λ)] is the fraction (%) of downwelling plane irradiance that reflects upward as a function of wavelength (λ) [R(λ) = Eu(λ)/Ed(λ)]. However, the usefulness of PRI in tracking changes in photosynthesis rate (and PSII) during a whole day or over a season was missing until a decade ago. Water has high absorption and virtually no reflectance in near infrared wavelengths range and beyond. Remote sensing for monitoring and mapping Land Productivity in Italy: A rapid assessment methodology. Integration of Landsat-8 Thermal and Visible-Short Wave Infrared Data for Improving Prediction Accuracy of Forest Leaf Area Index. 0000006686 00000 n A large number of spectral indices have been developed for estimation of leaf pigment content. Estuaries 22, 431–444. Contribution No. Sensitivity analysis of artificial neural network for chlorophyll prediction using hyperspectral data. The presence of other pigments did not significantly affect estimation of chlorophyll from spectral reflectance. Patterns of Arctic Tundra Greenness Based on Spatially Downscaled Solar-Induced Fluorescence. Decadal trends in photosynthetic capacity and leaf area index inferred from satellite remote sensing for global vegetation types. Thus, seedlings physiological health, survival and growth are dependent on the environmental conditions existing during the release of the annual cohorts. "A unified explanation for anthocyanins in leaves?," in Anthocyanins in Leaves: Advances in Botanical Research, Vol. 0000007656 00000 n Recruitment of Thalassia testudinum seedlings into physically disturbed seagrass beds. Aquat. Copyright © 2017 Durako and Howarth. It was assumed that the Spectralon target is Lambertian (i.e., reflects light equally in all directions). 25, 51–61. Wu, C. Y., Niu, Z., & Tang, Q. Ecol. Variations in water clarity and bottom albedo in Florida Bay from 1985 to 1997. J. Exp. J. Exp. Plant Sci. doi: 10.4319/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0464, Gamon, J. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment In contrast, significant increases in Fv/Fm in shaded seedlings indicated low-light acclimation. Tree Physiology, 9, 9. Reflectance measurements employed an Ocean Optics USB2000 fiber optic spectrometer coupled to a 400 μm diameter UV-VIS reflection probe (Ocean Optics R400-7-UV-VIS). Incorporation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Point Cloud Products into Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration Models. A voxel matching method for effective leaf area index estimation in temperate deciduous forests from leaf-on and leaf-off airborne LiDAR data. FIGURE 2. Challenges and Future Perspectives of Multi-/Hyperspectral Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Crop Water-Stress Detection: A Review. This species has high light requirements and is considered to be the climax species in marine seagrass systems (Zieman, 1982). 0000004554 00000 n Mapping the cumulative impacts of long-term mining disturbance and progressive rehabilitation on ecosystem services. The photochemical reflectance index: an optical indicator of photosynthetic radiation use efficiency across species, functional types, and nutrient levels. Leaf reflectance was measured using the non-imaging high-resolution spectroradiometer FieldSpec 3 (Analytical Spectral Devices – ASD, Panalytical Company, Boulder, CO, USA) with 350 to 2500 nm spectral range and 3 nm spectral resolution (Full-Width-Half-Maximum - FWHM) at 700 nm, 10 nm FWHM at 1400 nm, and 10 nm FWHM at 2100 nm (ASD 2010). Previous studies indicated that spectral reflectance, absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and leaf area index (LAI) are interrelated.
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A new, special, and most likely limited edition of the Nike LeBron 16 has leaked. This colorway is being dubbed the 'Harlem Fashion Row Organization' colorway or the HFR colorway.
This colorway represents the Harlem Fashion Row, a platform for designers of color with the goal of creating diversity in fashion. This comes to no surprise, as LeBron is known for off court moves like this. The shoe itself has a premium look, the upper is a nice cream colorway with a modified tongue that accommodates a leather strap that's topped off by a gold LeBron logo. Another notable design feature is the lion design on the back that differs greatly from the initial LeBron 16 leak.
It's no shock that LeBron is vocal and contributes a lot to the African American community, he takes pride in doing things like this. The colorway is a collaboration between two awesome forces that share the common goal of giving the African American community a voice that is to be heard. No official word in terms of a release date, but rumor has it these might be dropping around New York Fashion Week, which would make sense. Keep killing it on and off the court 'Bron. Y'all keep tuning in to One on One Testers for more dope content.


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Marco Schito
Public Policy 101: The Public Policy Actors
Public policies are everywhere in today's world, but their ubiquity is also why their definition is often elusive and the analysis of public policies tends to be complex. The Public Policy 101 series offers the reader several tools of analysis that help make sense of the complexity of public policies. This 101 series comprises eight different articles, each focusing on a different aspect, which should provide the reader with a framework of analysis to better understand the complex world of public policy-making.
What is public policy?
The stages of the policy process
Rationalist and constructivist ontology in public policy
An overview of the theories of the policy process
The public policy actors
The policy subsystem
Beyond national public policy
New approaches in public policy studies
For each stage of the policy process, some actors may be excluded, while others who were marginal before may become pivotal now (Howlett et al., 2020: 12). This article illustrates how five different categories of actors are differently involved in the policy-making process: politicians (and policy-makers), bureaucrats, interest groups, epistemic communities, and citizens.
Politicians and policy-makers
Politicians and particularly policy-makers are included at all stages of the policy process. They are the only democratically elected actors and are meant to represent the will of the majority of the voters. Politicians contend for power in electoral competitions to pursue specific agendas that align with their beliefs (Hartmann, 2014). These may be, for instance, pro- or anti-market regulation, pro- or anti-immigration, or in the case of European countries, pro- or anti-integration. In some cases, however, scholars contend that the opposite relationship is at play, and that politicians do not win elections in order to enact certain policies: rather, they enact policies to win elections and retain power, thus diluting their ideological content (Downs, 1957).
Politicians can listen to public opinion to decide what to put on the governmental agenda, they formulate and decide on the policies to be enacted, and they direct bureaucrats on how to implement policies. Finally, they can listen to the experts' evaluation of the enacted policies to decide on whether to continue, modify or terminate a policy. All these actions allow politicians to set the course of a country's political life.
Figure 1: Voting is one of the main ways to achieve policy change [Photo by Marion S. Trikosko]. Source: UnseenHistories on Unsplah
Bureaucrats
Bureaucrats are part of the extended government and constitute the behind-the-scenes arm of politicians. They are often thought to be simply the enactors of governmental agendas, but it needs not to be so. As Page (2003) forcefully argues, civil servants can, for all intents and purposes, assume the role of legislators. They initiate policies by placing them on the political agenda; they make sure that the proposed policies pass through parliament, and they implement and enact them once they have been legitimised. Hence, they are involved at all stages except decision-making, which remains the sole domain of policy-makers.
Their assiduous behind-the-scenes work owes to ministers knowing relatively little about the law they want to advance until civil servants present them with bullet-point briefings and other reports, summarising the key points of the proposals (Page, 2003). But that does not mean that bureaucrats always act at the behest of politicians. As Allison (1969) showed with the different models of management of the Cuban missile crisis, organisations are often messy, and chains of command are not necessarily respected.
Likewise, Carpenter (2001) demonstrated that powerful bureaucrats with a good reputation can also secure policies despite the opposition of politicians. In this regard, the 1980s TV sitcom Yes Minister offered a brilliant example of how civil servants differ from politicians. Finally, a long literature in implementation studies (e.g. Hjern & Hull, 1982; Matland, 1995; Thomann, 2019) shows how bureaucrats have discretion in how policies should be implemented, thus curtailing the power of central policy-makers. Hence, though working in the shadows and anonymously to the public at large, bureaucrats can often exert a significant degree of influence on the political direction of a country.
Figure 2: Sir Humphrey Appleby (in the middle) is the Head of the Civil Service in the British sitcom 'Yes Minister' [Photo]. Source: Foundation for Economic Education
Interest groups are any non-governmental organisation that attempts to influence the policy process to see their interest reflected in the policy output (Chari et al., 2019). They can affect public opinion by setting the agenda, they most often help formulate policies, and they sometimes carry out evaluations thereof to pass on to policy-makers.
Interest groups are also known as lobbies, and constitute perhaps the most reviled aspect of politics (for an example of a scathing critique of a powerful lobby, see Mearsheimer & Walt, 2006). However, this is a distorted perception of what interest groups are and how they work. Chari and Kritzinger (2006) offer a three-fold classification of interest groups: economic, professional, and public groups.
Economic groups are what lobbyists are most commonly assumed to be: powerful business interests that pursue private gain (financial or otherwise) by legitimately interfering with the policy process. According to some authors (Hart, 2004), big business is such a powerful group that it does not work within the logic of typical interest groups. There is much evidence in support of this. An influential but controversial study by Gilens and Page (2014) concludes that 'economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on U.S. government policy, while average citizens and mass-based interest groups have little or no independent influence.' For her part, Woll (2019) employs the 2008 economic crisis as a case study to suggest how financial corporations held a privileged status in economic policy-making where they did not even need to exert pressure on policy-makers to obtain what they wanted. As she colourfully describes it, 'the CEOs and lobbyists of the major financial institutions could have gone off to distant islands slurping cocktails rather than meet with public authorities during the crisis' (Woll, 2019).
Figure 3: Unknown (2016). Two people shaking hands. [photo]. Lobbyt.com
But not all lobbyists represent private economic interests. Professional groups defend the interest of working categories – lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc. Trade unions are one such group, and in some countries, especially in continental and northern Europe, they have managed to assume a key role in politics and policy-making (see Allern & Bale, 2017; Crepaz, 2020).
Finally, public interest groups are what are commonly known as non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The likes of Greenpeace, Doctors Without Borders, Transparency International or Human Rights Watch are all groups that can contribute to making policy reflect the interest not of the few, but of the many.
Epistemic Communities
Epistemic communities are groups of experts, hailing from academia, research centres and think-tanks, to make a few examples (see Haas, 1992 for a primer on epistemic communities). Like lobbyists, they are mostly involved in the formulation stage of the policy process, where they help policy-makers make informed decisions through what is known as evidence-based policy-making (Cairney, 2016). Unfortunately, given the environment of uncertainty and ambiguity surrounding much policy-making, epistemic communities have so far had little success in strongly influencing policy (Cairney & Kwiatowski, 2017).
Experts can also contribute significantly to policy evaluation and impact assessment (e.g. Dunlop et al., 2012). In a turn of irony, Dunlop (2017) also describes how epistemic communities, by generating new knowledge for policy evaluations and recommendations that supersede old knowledge (which they themselves had created), may also be curtailing their very policy-making influence.
Figure 4: Animal activist at the London Fashion Week [Photo by Clem Onojeghuo]. Source: Unsplash
Public opinion and voters
Although voters are often identified with the 'governed' rather than the 'governing', they can exert important influence in policy-making. The most obvious way is through voting, although this influence is merely indirect. Rather, they have much more say during the agenda-setting stage. Here, public opinion can open up the window of opportunity for policy-makers to act (Mortensen, 2010; Green-Pedersen & Mortensen, 2018). Recent examples are the economic sanctions against Russia or the 'green turn' in several policies: both of them were in part driven by the changing public opinion and higher sensibilisation of voters to these new issues.
Another way in which voters can have a more direct influence on policy-making is through referenda (on this, see Gallagher, 2014). Referenda are commonplace in direct democracy countries such as Switzerland, but can be employed every now and then everywhere else, although their results seldom bind policy-makers. The most famous example is Brexit (which, ironically, was not binding), but others include the legalisation of marijuana in certain US states, and the ban on fracking in several countries.
Other policy-making actors
In some countries, there are other actors that do not fall within any of the five aforementioned categories but that can still exert important policy-making power. The most famous and important one is the US Supreme Court. In light of the common law system of the American judiciary, the Court holds important quasi-law-making powers. Among the most widely known decisions are Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which declared segregation in education illegal, and Roe v. Wade (1973) which ensured abortion could be performed safely and legally, but also Citizens United (2010), which granted an almost citizen-like status to corporations (money as free speech), and Shelby County v. Holder (2013), which rolled back some provisions from the Voting Rights Acts of the 1960s.
Figure 5: A drawing depicting the nine US Justices, a powerful force in quasi-law-making in the United States [Drawing]. Source: NPR
In sum, a wide range of actors can exert influence in policy-making, but not all to the same extent, nor during the same stage of the policy process. While citizens are loudest in the agenda-setting stage, interest groups can best influence the formulation of policies, which policy-makers must vote on. Bureaucrats have the most discretion in implementation, and experts play an important role in policy evaluation and learning.
Bibliographical references
Allern E.H., Bale T. (2017). Left-of-Centre Parties and Trade Unions in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Allison, G. T. (1969). Conceptual models and the Cuban missile crisis. American Political Science Review, 63(3), 689-718.
Cairney, P. (2016). The Politics of Evidence-Based Policymaking. London: Palgrave Pivot.
Cairney, P., & Kwiatkowski, R. (2017). How to communicate effectively with policymakers: combine insights from psychology and policy studies. Science Communications, 3(1), 1-8.
Carpenter, D. P. (2001). The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Chari, R., & Kritzinger, S. (2006). Understanding EU policy making. London: Pluto Press.
Chari, R., Hogan, J., Murphy, G. and Crepaz, M. (2019). Regulating Lobbying. A Global Comparison, 2nd edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Crepaz, M. (2021). How parties and interest groups protect their ties: The case of lobbying laws. Regulation & Governance, 15(4), 1370-1387.
Downs, A. (1957). An economic theory of democracy. New York: Harper.
Dunlop, C. A. (2017). The irony of epistemic learning: epistemic communities, policy learning and the case of Europe's hormones saga. Policy and Society, 36(2), 215-232.
Dunlop, C. A., Maggetti, M., Radaelli, C. M., & Russel, D. (2012). The many uses of regulatory impact assessment: A meta‐analysis of EU and UK cases. Regulation & Governance, 6(1), 23-45.
Gallagher, M. (2014). Elections and Referendums. In Comparative Politics, 3rd Edition. Caramani, D. (Ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gilens, M., & Page, B. I. (2014). Testing theories of American politics: Elites, interest groups, and average citizens. Perspectives on politics, 12(3), 564-581.
Green-Pedersen, C. and Mortensen, P. B.. (2018). Attention, politics and the public. In Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Araral, E. Jr, Fritzen, S., Howlett, M. and Ramesh, M. (Eds.). London and New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 167-174.
Haas, P. M. (1992). Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination. International Organization, 46(1), 1-35.
Hart, D. M. (2004). " Business" Is Not An Interest Group: On the Study of Companies in American National Politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 7, 47-69.
Hartmann, S. (2014). Partisan policy-making in Western Europe: How ideology influences the content of government policies. Mannheim: Springer.
Hjern, B., & Hull, C. (1982). Implementation research as empirical constitutionalism. European Journal of Political Research, 10(2), 105-115.
Howlett, M., Ramesh M., and Perl, A. (2020). Studying Public Policy. Principles and Processes. 4th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Matland, R. E. (1995). Synthesizing the implementation literature: The ambiguity-conflict model of policy implementation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Rheory, 5(2), 145-174.
Mearsheimer, J., & Walt, S. (2006). The Israel Lobby. London Review of Books, 28(6), 3-12.
Mortensen, P. B. (2010). Political attention and public policy: A study of how agenda setting matters. Scandinavian Political Studies, 33(4), 356-380.
Page, E. C. (2003). The civil servant as legislator: law making in British administration. Public administration, 81(4), 651-679.
Thomann, E. (2019). Customized implementation of European Union food safety policy: United in diversity? Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Woll, C. (2019). Corporate power beyond lobbying. American Affairs, 3(3), 38-55.
Image references
Figure 1: Unsplash (n.d.) Marchers with signs at the March on Washington, 1963 [Photo by Marion S. Trikosko]. Retrieved from: https://unsplash.com/photos/9RbdjQ3nCEk
Figure 2: Foundation for Economic Education (2018, November 18th). Still from the TV series Yes Minister [Photo]. Retrieved from: https://fee.org/articles/the-bbcs-yes-minister-is-everything-you-need-to-know-about-government/
Unknown (2016). Two people shaking hands. [photo]. Lobbyt.com https://lobbyit.com/things-consider-hiring-lobbyist/
Figure 4: Unsplash (n.d.) Animal activist at the London Fashion Week [Photo by Clem Onojeghuo]. Retrieved from: https://unsplash.com/photos/DoA2duXyzRM
Figure 5: NPR (2020, December 10th). Depiction of the nine US Justices [Drawing]. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2020/12/07/943937968/supreme
bureacrats

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dr. Kerendian is now offering complimentary consultations to patients looking to have cosmetic surgery.
Dr. Farzin Kerendian, LA cosmetic surgeon, is now offering complimentary consultations for cosmetic procedures. Cosmetic surgery has been soaring in popularity over the last few years. In 2014, 15.6 million surgical and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures were performed in the United States, a three percent increase since 2013. As the technology improves and the options expand, more patients are looking for ways to revitalize their appearances or to transform their features. Cosmetic surgery offers virtually endless options for sculpting, contouring, and perfecting faces and bodies.
Dr. Kerendian's facilities include state-of-the-art equipment and the latest technology. They are accredited by the Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care, or the AAAHC. This ensures they offer safe, high-quality care to their clients. The recently remodeled facilities are comfortable and staffed by highly trained professionals, as well as a board-certified anesthesiologist.


10 year anniversary mission trip back to where LutheranHANDS began to help New Orleans continue the clean up efforts from Hurricane Katrina.
The 2016 flood in West Virginia devastated thousands of homes and lives. A small group of volunteers sacrificed their Christmas break to help rebuild the homes and lives of the Webster County, WV community.
The 2015 flooding in Columbia, SC left many families displaced from their damaged homes. A small group of volunteers traveled to Columbia to help with the rebuilding efforts.
Our international branch, in partnership with Tree4Hope, went to Guatemala to serve in communities, schools, and welfare centers.
In cooperation with the ELCA National Youth Gathering, LutheranHANDS helped over 500 young people attend the Detroit event. Prior to the event, 250 young people donated their time and energy to the communities of Detroit by going to the Gathering a few days early to serve.
Our friends at Lantern Hill will be hosting a small group of international mission trip volunteers in the rural communities of Ensenada, Mexico.
Tropical Storm Lee slammed into the east coast in 2011. This storm caused extensive damage all up and down the New Jersey coastline.
LutheranHANDS offered it's first international mission trop to Haiti in partnership with Hope in Haiti.
Birmingham was such a great host to LutheranHANDS, that we decided to return in 2013 with 150 volunteers.
The ELCA National Youth Gathering was once again in New Orleans. LutheranHANDS repeated their success of 2009 by offering a Pre-Gathering mission trip to 200 Gathering participants. This time, we stopped half-way to New Orleans in Birmingham, Alabama for a few days of service. In addition, LutheranHANDS recognized the high cost to travel to the Gathering so organized a caravan of charter buses to offer low cost transportation to whose interested.
The city of Nashville was underwater in 2010 as the Cumberland River overflowed it's banks. LutheranHANDS took a trip to the country music capital of the world with 150 volunteers eager to sing, dance, and serve.
LutheranHANDS responded to flooding in Northwest Indiana with 200 volunteers who donated their time to help rebuild.
The next year we offered our first Pre-Gathering mission trip in combination with the ELCA National Youth Gathering. 200 Gathering participants from the Lower Susquehanna Synod traveled to New Orleans a few days prior to the Gathering and served the people of Biloxi, MS – a Hurricane Katrina hit community.
Our first mission trip was in response to Hurricane Katrina in the city of New Orleans. 150 youth, young adults, and adult leaders traveled to New Orleans to serve for 5 days in the flooded parishes and wards surrounding the city.


Now in its seventh year, LitFest Pasadena connects the Pasadena and greater Los Angeles communities with literature and local authors through a full weekend of literary programs hosted in venues across Pasadena's historic Playhouse District. The programs include readings, author guest talks, panel discussions, workshops, and literary performances. Southern California's most diverse literary festival, LitFest Pasadena is writer driven and deeply representative of Los Angeles's communities, and features programming for all ages and interests. Participating venues include the Pasadena Playhouse, Vroman's Bookstore, Blankspaces Pasadena, El Portal Restaurant, and more.
LitFest Pasadena is presented by the nonprofit organization Light Bringer Project and the literary journal Literature for Life with support from the City of Pasadena and Pasadena's Playhouse District.
Light Bringer Project builds community through the power of art and education. A nonprofit, Light Bringer Project is a Pasadena-based arts organization founded in 1990. Today, the organization is widely known for its arts and educational programs provided to underserved youth in the greater Pasadena and Los Angeles area. In keeping with its mission to build community through the power of the arts and education, Light Bringer Project has delivered a range of unique cultural arts programs and special events that utilize high-degrees of collaboration, volunteerism and community-wide support. For its arts and learning efforts, the organization has received the League of California Cities' Helen Putnam Award of Excellence in Public-Private Partnership. As an arts community participant, the organization was given the Gold Crown Award from the Pasadena Arts Council and has received an award of Outstanding Service from the City of Pasadena Arts Commission.


This is a common question I often get asked with many not understanding the benefit life insurance provides their family. While it may not be ideal to contemplate the what ifs of life it's still in your best long-term interest. Just imagine if something catastrophic were to happen and you were too stubborn to take out a policy to secure your family. You would be doing a disservice to not only your family who depends on you but also your personal value. Think about what it would look like if you left your spouse and children in the cold. Because of this and the uncertainty we all live through I will walk you through some of the advantages and disadvantages of taking out a life insurance policy.
Life insurance provides your family with the cash to cover financial obligations.
You may enjoy a more favorable tax treatment than other financial instruments.
Policies may be flexible in adjusting to policyholders needs such as your death benefit and premiums being adjusted at different times.
Cash value may be tax favorable if you need to pull funds from them. However, you will not generate the same return as if you left them in the policy.
You will forego current expenditures to pay a premium that will typically benefit others.
The cash surrender value will be less than the premiums paid in the first few years and if surrendered may not be able to recuperate policy value.
The purchase decision and process for getting life insurance can be annoying especially if you don't have well experienced agents like here at Giggle Insurance.
As with anything else there is always the other side of the coin to contemplate. However, when it comes to life insurance you can clearly see that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. If you smoke marijuana, you not only want to enjoy life but also ensure your family's long-term security. That's why here at Giggle we can help you accomplish both by providing you some of the best marijuana life insurance agents who can get you the best quote for you.
The information contained herein neither constitutes nor is intended to constitute an offer, inducement, promise, or contract of any kind. The information and descriptions contained in this article are intended as general information and are not necessarily complete descriptions of all terms, exclusions and conditions applicable to products and services. It is suggested that you consult your financial professional, attorney, or tax advisor with regard to your individual situation.
I Smoke Marijuana! Can I Get Life Insurance?


With our range of flat electrodes, you'll be able to speed up plating of big objects by up to two to three times. They make light work of plating larger items such as pieces of sculpture or furniture. This not only saves you effort, but of course leads to higher turnover and increased profit margins!
Like our standard electrodes, these flat electrodes come in a range of different metals and sizes to suit different plating jobs.
Below is a step-by-step guide to using the Flat Electrodes to silver plate a copper sculpture.
Plating solutions; Silver. Equipment; Stainless steel and platinum Flat Electrodes, 2 Flat Swabs, Conductivity Tester. Cleaning/preparation solutions; ActiClean, Thickener, MetaSeal, MPU.
With art objects such as sculpture, you may find that you have to remove a layer of lacquer first. To establish if this is the case, test the surface with the conductivity tester. If it is so, there are a variety of different removers you can use, according to the kind of varnish you're dealing with, all of which are easily obtainable in your local hardware shop.
Once all traces of the varnish are removed, clean and activate the surface thoroughly with MPU. To complete the job of activating the surface, fit the Flat Stainless Steel Electrode to the red lead and soak the swab as usual with ActiClean. Set the rectifier to 8v and ActiClean the piece thoroughly.
Prepare your Silver Brush Plating Solution by mixing it with our Thickener. Now fit the Flat Platinum Electrode and start plating with the thickened silver solution. You'll immediately notice how quickly and efficiently the silver goes on to the surface of your piece.
To further increase the speed of plating, increase the cushioning effect of the swab by putting on an Extra Large Flat Swab. This will help you get into any deep recesses.
There a a number of ways of finishing the surface of the piece, depending on the final efect you're after. If you want a high, brilliant shine, Goddards Silver Polish is a good choice. It will bring out the reflectivity of the silver and help to protect the surface from oxidisation.
However, if you'd like a softer, more subtle effect, you could try running the object under the tap and drying it with a paper towel.


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home People Facts About Susan Mikula - Rachel Maddow's Partner Since 1999 and Photographer
Facts About Susan Mikula - Rachel Maddow's Partner Since 1999 and Photographer
Published Wed Aug 04 2021 By praju
Susan Mikula is an American photographer and artist. She was born on 7 March, 1958, in New Jersey, USA. She is the partner of talented Rachel Maddow who is also an television personality, political analyst and author. Her first novel named, "Photographs" was published in the year 2008.
She has received critical acclaim in a number of exhibitions across the United States. Her works has been included in collections of landscape photography. Her work has also been featured in solo and group exhibitions in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Miami.
Full Name Susan Mikula
Date of birth 7 March, 1958
Birthplace New Jersey, USA
Profession photographer, artist
Family and Early life:
Mikula and her family moved to a small town in New Hampshire. With each passing year, she became more talented and inventive. She grew up in the city's metropolitan and industrialized areas. She has a sister in Boston who also works as a testament to the photographer's talent and dedication.
She taught herself photography at a very young age and was mentored for a period of time to learn the ropes. She graduated from Hampshire college, in Amherst, Massachusetts, US.
Susan Mikula posing for her post. Source: veryceleb
Mikula spent most of her life working as an accountant, though her artwork was displayed in group shows. Her first solo exhibition was in the year 1998. She has been on several art juries.
In 2007, she started photographing and developed her own style using polaroid cameras and quick pictures. She prefers to photograph in natural lights, avoids cropping and other picture enhancement technique.
Furthermore, She believes that the printing, placement and mounting of her image are as important as her photographs themselves. She used nine-foot panels of industrial mesh as the printing medium for her polaroid in her 2006 project name, "9 Portraits". The panels were hung from the ceiling of the Northampton Fairgrounds 4-H Exhibition Hall.
Susan Mikula's art work. Source: eceleb-gossip
American Breakbulk #13 and #21, American Device #49, and American vale #17 are collections of her work that make up the extended series American Bond, which focuses on abandoned industrial site all around the world.
Moreover, her most recent series u. X, is a candid and mournful ode of past and all of its secrets, inspired by cave paintings in France and the little plastic dolls she and her sister used to play when they were kids.
The net worth of photographer Susan Mikula is around $5 million. She makes her earnings through her successful career as a photographer and artist. She is also a writer and has published several books.
Currently, Susan Mikula is in a relationship with Rachel Maddow who is a TV personality, political analyst, and author. The lovebirds met in the year 1999.
Susan Mikula with her beautiful girlfriend Rachel Maddow. Source: Instagram @rachelmaddowfan
The two women have done a lot to dispel the myth that lesbians can't be in a relationship. The couple lives together in a pre-Civil War farmhouse in the Berkshires and a West Village apartment in New York City.
Susan Mikula


Announcing further investment in container fleet, liner shipping company Hapag-Lloyd has ordered a total of 5,750 refrigerated containers (reefers) of the latest generation – including 5,000 x 40-foot and 750 x 20-foot units. In addition, 1,000 of the new containers are equipped with "controlled atmosphere" technology, which allows various types of fruits and vegetables to be transported for longer periods of time while maintaining a consistent quality.
In addition to temperature-sensitive goods – such as fruits, vegetables, meat and fish – Hapag-Lloyd also transports other high-value products in reefer containers, such as pharmaceuticals. Plans call for the new refrigerated containers to be delivered beginning already in October and to be gradually integrated into the existing container fleet.
The new order accompanies the delivery of five new 10,500 TEU vessels, which Hapag-Lloyd ordered last April. The new containerships of the Valparaíso Express class are currently being built in South Korea and are scheduled to incrementally go to sea between South America and Europe beginning in late 2016. Each of these ships boasts an especially high reefer capacity of more than 2,100 units.
Together with the cooling-technology specialist Carrier Transicold, the liner shipping company is currently testing a new generation of refrigeration equipment. These use the eco-friendly natural refrigerant carbon dioxide and, in the long run, could replace the chemical refrigerants now standard in the sector.


John from http://www.growingyourgreens.com/ shares with you the best way to keep worms for your organic garden. You will learn if the Urban Worm Bag Version 2 or the Hungry Bin Worm Farm is a better way to keep worms to make their valuable worm castings.
In this episode, John will visit Ann Wigmore Insitute in Aguada, Puerto Rico and share with you the two indoor worm farms they have been using so you can learn which one to buy to save you time and headaches from making a mistake when spending your hard earned cash.
First, John will take you into the raised bed garden to talk to you more about he prefers to keep worms: in the soil. Next, you will learn about a worm feeding station you can make at home which John would prefer to using a worm bin in his home to keep worms, outdoors and in the ground, which is a more ideal home for worms.
Next, you will learn about the Urban Worm Bag Version 2. You will get a full review of this worm bag and some of the pros and cons of this system to keep worms indoors to eat your compost.
You will then learn about the Hungry Bin Worm Farm and some of the pros and cons of this worm bin and how it has worked at the Ann Wigmore Insitute.
Finally, John will interview Kaelash, urban farming teacher and worm farmer about his experience with the Urban Worm Bag Version 2 and the Hungry Bin Worm Farm.
22:00 Why Did Ann Wigmore Start Keeping Worms?
24:39 Why does Ann Wigmore Keep Worms?
26:09 What have been your experience with the Worm Bins?
28:40 How much do your worms eat?
29:22 How often do you feed your worms?
31:26 Why do you consider your worms pets?
32:25 Any final comments about keeping worms you would like to share?
34:06 How do you make the more bin if you have it too wet?
34:50 Tell me more about the Ann Wigmore Institute?
35:55 How can someone learn more about the Ann Wigmore Institute?
After watching this episode, you will learn the best way to keep worms at your home. You will discover if you should purchase the Urban Worm Bag Version 2 or Hungry Bin Worm Farm in this review.
How to tell if you have healthy soil?
Previous articleHGTV Smart Home 2019 – See the Location!


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Il Royal Daring Club de Bruxelles, meglio noto come Daring Club e avente Royal Daring Club Molenbeek come ultima denominazione, fu una società calcistica belga con sede nel comune di Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, nell'area metropolitana di Bruxelles. Fondato nel 1895, ricevette la matricola numero 2 dalla federazione belga. Ha militato per 48 stagioni nella massima divisione del campionato belga. Nella sua storia ha vinto per 5 volte il campionato belga e una volta la Coppa del Belgio. Nel 1973 la società venne sciolta a seguito della fusione col Royal Racing White, che diede origine al Racing White Daring Molenbeek.

Storia

Il club venne fondato a Bruxelles il 2 maggio 1895 da un gruppo di studenti, che furono ispirati da un giornale olandese che parlava di un club chiamato Daring, nome derivante dall'inglese to dare (osare in italiano). Vennero scelti il bianco e il blu come colori sociali e come campo da gioco venne affittato il terreno dove nel 1905 iniziarono i lavori per la costruzione della Basilica del Sacro Cuore di Koekelberg. L'11 novembre 1897 il club venne affiliato alla UBSSA, la società belga organizzatrice del campionato di calcio. Nel 1899 vennero cambiati i colori sociali, passando al rosso e al nero. Nel 1900 il club, mosso dalla necessità di trovare un nuovo terreno di gioco, si fuse col Brussels Football Club, cambiando denominazione in Daring Bruxelles Football Club. Nel 1902 arrivò una nuova fusione con altri due club, lo Sporting Molenbeek e lo Skill Football Club de Bruxelles, quest'ultimo militante nella massima serie nazionale; con la fusione il club tornò alla denominazione Daring Club de Bruxelles. Dopo un'ulteriore fusione con l'US Bruxelles, il club si iscrisse per la prima volta alla Division d'Honneur per la stagione 1903-1904.

In quegli anni iniziarono le sfide contro i concittadini dell'. Il Daring Club vinse il campionato belga per la prima volta al termine della stagione 1911-1912, superando di due soli punti i rivali dell'Union Saint-Gilloise, vincitori già di sei titoli nazionali nella decade precedente. Nella stagione successiva le due squadre conclusero la stagione a pari punti in testa alla classifica, così che fu necessario uno spareggio per l'assegnazione del titolo di campione del Belgio, spareggio che venne vinto dall'Union Saint-Gilloise. Il Daring Club si prese la rivincita, vincendo il campionato 1913-1914 con tre punti di vantaggio sullo stesso Union Saint-Gilloise. In quegli anni il club stabilì il proprio campo da gioco nella municipalità di Molenbeek-Saint-Jean e la nuova struttura, molto avanzata per l'epoca, venne inaugurata il 12 settembre 1920 con una partita proprio contro i rivali dell'Union Saint-Gilloise alla presenza dei principi Leopoldo e Carlo.

Il 1º luglio 1920 il club ottenne dalla federazione belga la matricola numero 2. Il 12 luglio successivo il club ottenne il suffisso "Royal", concesso ai club con almeno 25 anni di storia. Il Daring Club vinse il suo terzo titolo al termine della stagione 1920-1921. Negli anni successivi il Daring Club andò incontro ad alti e bassi con anche la disputa degli spareggi salvezza al termine della stagione 1927-1928.

Nel corso degli anni trenta si consolidò la rivalità con l'Union Saint-Gilloise, che assunse una notorietà tale da fare da sfondo all'opera teatrale Bossemans et Coppenolle, ambientata nella Bruxelles degli anni trenta. L'Union vinse il campionato belga per tre stagioni consecutive tra il 1932 e il 1935 e in quel triennio inanellò una serie di 60 partite consecutive senza sconfitte, tanto da venire rinominato Union60. La serie venne interrotta dopo tre anni il 10 febbraio 1935 da una sconfitta per 2-0 proprio contro gli storici rivali del Daring Club. Nel biennio successivo (1935-1937) Il Daring Club vinse il campionato belga per la quarta e quinta volta nella sua storia, dopo aver vinto nel 1935 la sua prima Coppa del Belgio. Dopo un secondo posto successivo ai due titoli consecutivi, il Daring Club retrocesse in Division 1, la seconda serie nazionale, per la prima volta nella sua storia al termine della stagione 1938-1939. In quella stagione il club venne accusato di un tentativo di corruzione di un calciatore dell'Union Saint-Gilloise, venendo così retrocesso di due categorie, ma un successivo accordo con l'Union Hutoise consentì al Daring Club di iscriversi in seconda serie.

La permanenza del Daring Club in seconda divisione durò undici anni, terminata con la stagione 1949-1950, conclusa con la vittoria del girone A di Division 1 davanti ai rivali dell'Union Saint-Gilloise, retrocessi l'anno precedente. Nello stesso 1950 il club cambiò denominazione in Royal Daring Club de Bruxelles. Il ritorno nella massima serie non coincise col ritorno del club agli alti livelli raggiunti tra le due guerre mondiali, infatti il club andò incontro a due retrocessioni in seconda serie nel corso degli anni cinquanta, seguita da pronte risalite di categoria. Il Daring Club concluse la stagione 1956-1957 al quarto posto, che risultò essere il miglior posizionamento che avrebbe raggiunto dopo gli anni della seconda guerra mondiale. Nel corso degli anni sessanta il Daring Club ebbe modo di partecipare alla Coppa delle Fiere in due occasioni: per la prima volta nell'edizione 1965-1966, venendo eliminato già al primo turno dagli svedesi dell', e la seconda volta nell'edizione 1968-1969, venendo subito eliminato dai greci del , nonostante la vittoria nella gara di andata. Al termine della stagione 1968-1968 il Daring Club concluse il campionato di Division 1 all'ultimo posto, venendo retrocesso in Division 2. Quella stagione fu anche caratterizzata dalla morte del presidente Marcel Fluche allo stadio del corso della partita contro il , presidente che due anni prima si era contraddistinto per aver ritirato la squadra come protesta per una decisione arbitrale avversa nella partita contro l'.

Nella stagione 1969-1970 il nuovo presidente Jean-Baptiste L'Ecluse allestì una squadra competitiva con l'obiettivo di una pronta risalita in massima serie, ma il Daring Club concluse il campionato al terzo posto finale a soli due punti dalla promozione. Nella stessa stagione la squadra raggiunse la finale della Coppa del Belgio, persa per 6-1 dal FC Brugeois, divenendo la seconda squadra non militante nella massima serie belga ad arrivare in finale nella storia della competizione. Nello stesso 1970 il club cambiò denominazione in Royal Daring Club Molenbeek. Dopo tre stagioni di fila in Division 2, durante le quali la squadra non aveva la competitività tale da risalire di categoria, nel 1973 si optò per una fusione col Royal Racing White, società di Woluwe-Saint-Lambert militante nella Division 1. Con la fusione il Royal Racing White spostò il suo campo di gioco a Molenbeek, lì dove giocava il Daring Club, e il nuovo club venne rinominato Racing White Daring Molenbeek, che mantenne la matricola numero 47 del Racing White, la sezione calcistica del Royal Daring Club Molenbeek venne chiusa e la storia della matricola numero 2 terminò in quel 1973.

Cronistoria

Allenatori

Calciatori

Vincitori di titoli
Giochi Olimpici
   Armand Swartenbroeks (Anversa 1920)
   Léon Vandermeiren (Anversa 1920)

Palmarès

Competizioni nazionali

1911-1912, 1913-1914, 1920-1921, 1935-1936, 1936-1937

1934-1935

Altri piazzamenti

Secondo posto: 1908-1909, 1912-1913, 1933-1934, 1937-1938

Finale: 1969-1970

Statistiche

Partecipazione ai campionati

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Pink, cerise and purples mixed with foliage's. The florist will choose the loveliest blooms of the day. Flowers aer delivered in a basket container. This arrangement is handcrafted by a professional florist, in some cases, variations from the image represented here may occur also depending on season.


text:
Q: Installing a secondary drive in an HP Envy 17 laptop I'm thinking about buying an HP Envy 17. I like its specs but unfortunately it doesn't come pre-equipped with an SSD. If I'm reading this HP manual correctly, it has a secondary SATA drive slot that's customer-replaceable. (Since the laptop config for my specific model only lists one drive, I'm assuming that it'll be an empty slot.) Here are some relevant parts from the documentation.
Product description

About the secondary hard drive

I rarely perform hardware upgrades myself before so I'll need some advice. I'm eyeing a Samsung 840 EVO SSD (120GB). Will I be able to install this drive in the primary slot and move the pre-installed drive to the secondary slot? Would I need any additional material to perform the installation? (An anti-static wristband? Certain cables/brackets that are sold separately?)

A: All you have to do is grab an SSD and put it into secondary slot. Then you can select boot hard drive from BIOS. Seriously, there is not first or second hard disk. About SSD, you should look for kits where it has additional equipment you might need. Like this.

A: I have an older 17" HP Pavilion DV7 running an Intel i7 2670, to which I successfully added another (SSD) dirve, transferred the operating system to the new drive and carried on.   I noted the boot time dropped substantially.
I believe the Envy is a similar machine in that it has TWO  internal HD drive bays and only one is normally occupied.
You will, however, need to get a mounting tray and HP cable to complete this addition.   Also you may need some mounting screws, if the tray vendor does not include them in the pack!
NzOldun

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hosting an intervention is a challenging endeavor, often because people do not understand the purpose of the event. Interventions are only partially meant to convince people with substance use disorders in Titusville that they should enter rehabilitation. The truth is that intervention is also intended to assist the family members and friends who are struggling to cope with a loved one's addiction.
Family members and friends are the building blocks of effective interventions. Family members must see how they have played unhealthy roles in the development of substance abuse disorders. These individuals must also see how they can foster healthy relationships.
Intervention counselors in Titusville have experience with substance abuse disorders. When counselors have all the information on hand, they can ensure that other issues like violence are addressed with the necessary awareness and support.
Interventions dealing with addiction are incredibly personal for everybody involved. For this reason, you must find an interventionist with whom you feel comfortable working. In addition to finding an interventionist with the right credentials and experience, you must also consider personality. Discovering an interventionist who will appeal most to a loved one is best.
Phone interviews are a common tactic interventionists can use to learn more about the case. These interviews are beneficial for the family members as well because they can learn more about the services drug and alcohol interventionists offer.
Talking to an intervention counselor in Titusville will give you a broader understanding of the process and give you realistic expectations for the session.
Intervention is about more than confronting a loved one with a substance abuse issue. It is also about changing the way family members interact. The interventionist may address co-dependent and enabling actions. Many family members are surprised that they must change their own behaviors for treatment to work. Families of those with substance abuse disorders must learn that they cannot keep their loved one comfortable.
Family members often struggle to change their own thoughts and actions, and they often do not see how their behaviors influence their loved one. Some people also think that circumstances, like a new job or relationship, might encourage a loved one to recover. The harsh truth is that many people with substance abuse disorders actively learn how to manipulate the emotions of those closest to them.
Typically, intervention counselors in Titusville follow a set of steps when they hold sessions.
Initial Consultation – During this stage of the intervention process, the counselor will likely call to learn more about the family and the individual with substance abuse issues. At this time, the interventionist will establish a same-page philosophy among the family members. The interventionist will also address issues like manipulation.
Addiction Education – Interventions include much more than convincing somebody to attend treatment for drug or alcohol abuse. Rather, the counselor will work with the entire family with the hope of long-term success for all involved. Education is the key.
A common misconception about addiction is that an individual needs to hit "rock bottom" before the family should intervene. Nothing could be further from the truth. Enabling behaviors, typically by family members, keep those with addiction from reaching a rock bottom.
Intervention – The interventionist in Titusville may want to get started with an intervention quickly. Waiting for a long time to act results in becoming more comfortable with the abuse issues. Quick intervention is often the best way to move forward.
One of the most common types of interventions is linked to alcohol abuse. In spite of the fact that alcohol is legal for those over 21, the substance is one of the most commonly abused. Additionally, people with alcohol use disorders often do not view their drinking as a problem. For this reason, Titusville drug intervention is all the more necessary.
Rather than focusing on how much an individual drinks, alcohol intervention focuses on how behaviors and actions that result from drinking influence the lives of all involved. This part of the intervention is crucial for those who may deny alcohol misuse. People who misuse alcohol may refuse to take accountability for their actions, even if they desperately need the help offered in the intervention.
While alcohol is a common substance, its misuse affects many families across the country. With the help of an interventionist in Titusville, you can find relief and recovery. Intervention is often the best chance for helping a loved one enter rehabilitation treatment. Families feel comforted knowing that their loved one is receiving much-needed assistance.
Cost – Some interventionists will accept health insurance plans, which relieves a lot of the stress involved in choosing Titusville drug intervention for your loved one. You may be able to find an intervention counselor through your health insurance company.
Doctor's Recommendations – One of the first resources you have as a family member is your regular physician. Family doctors often have referrals for interventionists and counselors. A professional opinion can relieve some of the stress you feel about choosing an interventionist.
Online Search – Search engines are a valuable resource for finding effective counselors. You can read reviews or search locally to find the best choice.
Personal Recommendations – If you have loved ones who have benefitted from the assistance of an interventionist, these recommendations may be the best resource. Learn about their experiences to see if an intervention is a good choice.
When you turn to an alcohol or drug interventionist or counselor, you are taking a positive step forward. Intervention is an effective way to help somebody struggling with alcohol or drug misuse. To learn more, reach out to The Recovery Village today.


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Which Celebrities Earn the Most? Only 16 Women (Zero Film Actresses) Made Forbes's List of the 100 Highest-Earning Entertainers
By Ryan Bort On 6/12/17 at 3:21 PM EDT
Beyoncé is one of two celebrities to bring in over $100 million, but she doesn't have much female company at the top of the list. Reuters
Culture Diddy Beyonce Forbes Drake
Lists of the richest celebrities are always weird because their earnings don't necessarily correlate with their fame. Is Diddy the most famous celebrity in the world? No, but according to Forbes's newly released list of 2017's highest-paid celebrities, he's earned $25 million more than any other entertainer in the past year, mostly from his clothing line, his vodka and the Bad Boy Family Reunion Tour. Is J.K. Rowling more popular than Drake? Maybe not, but she earns more than he does. James Patterson, the writer, will earn more than LeBron James, while Rush Limbaugh, the conservative radio talk show host, will earn more than Justin Bieber. Believe it.
Related: Ariana Grande returning to Manchester, with Justin Bieber, Coldplay, others
Diddy sits atop the list at $130 million, followed by Beyoncé ($105 million), J.K. Rowling ($95 million), Drake ($94 million), Cristiano Ronaldo ($93 million), The Weeknd ($92 million), Howard Stern ($90 million), Coldplay ($88 million), James Patterson ($87 million) and LeBron James ($86 million).
At 19, Kylie Jenner is the youngest person on the list (No. 59, $41 million), while 74-year-old "Judge" Judy Sheindlin (No. 43, $47 million) is the oldest.
The list includes 37 musicians, 30 athletes, 13 "personalities," 10 actors, six comedians, two authors and one magician: David Copperfield, who comes in at No. 24 with $61.5 million.
For some reason, Forbes lists Sofia Vergara by herself in a separate "Television Actresses" category, rather than including her with the other 10 actors.
Beyoncé is one of only two celebrities to crack $100 million, and there are only 16 women on the list of 100. One reason for this is the presence of athletes on the tally, all 30 of whom are men. Only nine of the 37 musicians are women, and none of the actors are, save for Vergara—who, again, Forbes did not distinguish as an actor.
The lack of actresses on the list isn't surprising when one considers Forbes's list of the highest-paid actresses of 2016. The combined yearly income of the 10 highest earners that year—who included Jennifer Lawrence, Scarlett Johansson and Melissa McCarthy—was less than half that of the 10 highest-earning male actors.
Several actresses have spoken out about the issue. In 2015, Lawrence wrote an essay for Lena Dunham's Lenny Letter about how much less she makes than her male counterparts, especially for the 2013 film American Hustle. Lawrence wasn't even aware of the discrepancy until the Sony hack revealed the film's payroll.
"I didn't want to seem 'difficult' or 'spoiled,'" Lawrence wrote. "At the time, that seemed like a fine idea, until I saw the payroll on the Internet and realized every man I was working with definitely didn't worry about being 'difficult' or 'spoiled.'"
Other actresses to speak out about the wage gap include Meryl Streep, Viola Davis, Natalie Portman, Charlize Theron and Rooney Mara.
Despite the public attention the issue has received in recent years, the entertainment industry is still paying men far more than women. As great as Beyoncé is, it's about time she had a little more female company at the top of the Forbes list.
'Despacito' Leads the Charts, but What Does it Mean?
One Love Manchester Takes On Fear and Hate
LeBron James Leads NBA's Snub Of Olympics 3-on-3 Format


text:
Imogen Clark (born 1 June 1999) is a British swimmer.

She competed in the 50 m breaststroke event at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships, winning the silver medal.

International Swimming League
In the Autumn of 2019 she was member of the inaugural International Swimming League swimming for Energy Standard, who won the team title in Las Vegas, Nevada, in December.

References

External links

1999 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Chesterfield, Derbyshire
British female swimmers
Female breaststroke swimmers
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Swimmers at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
21st-century British women
Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games


text:
The world's most common passwords: What to do if yours is on the list
Do you use any of these extremely popular – and eminently hackable – passwords? If so, we have a New Year's resolution for you.
Phil Muncaster
2 Jan 2023 - 11:30AM
Security experts have been predicting the death of the password for well over a decade. But it's still the main way we log-in to our online accounts and mobile applications. Why? Because we all know exactly how to use them. And many of us are reluctant to learn new ways. It may be time we did, because the truth is we don't all know how to use passwords securely.
NordPass's list of the top 200 most common passwords of 2022 tells us all we need to know. Passwords are a huge security risk. If yours is on the list, change it immediately. Even better, change the way you manage all of your log-ins. Waiting until it's too late could cost you a lot of extra time, money and stress.
Why passwords matter
Our log-ins represent the keys to our digital lives – which today could be anything from our streaming services, online banking, and messaging, to ride hailing accounts and social media. Often we have card details and personal data stored in these accounts. That's why they're so popular on the cybercrime underground. One report from June revealed 24 billion usernames and password combinations circulating in online criminal marketplaces – a 65% increase on 2020 figures and nearly four for every person on the planet.
Criminals use a variety of techniques to get hold of passwords including:
Phishing: One of the oldest tricks around. A scammer reaches out via email, text or phone pretending to be a trusted entity. Typically they'll make up an excuse why you need to re-enter your login and other details.
Brute forcing: Using automated tools, hackers can now use trial and error in an attempt to crack open accounts. Often they'll feed in commonly used passwords to see if they produce a match.
Credential stuffing: A type of brute force attack where hackers use previously breached passwords bought off the cybercrime underground. They then feed this into automated scripts to try in large quantities across multiple sites and apps simultaneously, to see if there's a match.
Keyloggers/info-stealers: Information stealing malware is sometimes spread by phishing emails or malicious mobile apps placed in app stores. Once on a device or machine it will covertly harvest passwords as they're typed in.
Shoulder surfing: Another oldie, and more common now that people are travelling again to work. Beware typing in passwords in public as they could be seen by eavesdroppers.
Once inside your account, hackers can steal any personal and card data stored therein. Or use it themselves in payment card and other fraud. The value of fraudulent payment card transactions in 2021 exceeded US$32bn, and is predicted to rise to US$38.5bn by 2027.
Most hackable passwords
Unfortunately, many internet users are making life easier for the bad guys. According to a 3TB database of passwords spilled in security incidents, the most popular across 30 countries was "password," with nearly five million hits. Second came "123456" followed by the slightly longer "123456789." Rounding out the top five were "guest" and "qwerty." Most of those log-ins can be cracked in less than a second.
You can browse through the whole list on NordPass's website, but here are the 20 that topped the list this year.
1 password 11 1234567
2 123456 12 1234
3 12123456789 13 1234567890
4 guest 14 000000
5 qwerty 15 555555
6 12345678 16 666666
7 111111 17 123321
8 12345 18 654321
9 col123456 19 7777777
10 123123 20 123
The world's 20 most common passwords in 2022 (source: NordPass)
Aside from these most basic of passwords, researchers see similar patterns emerging every year. Particular all-time favorites include:
Sports teams: e.g., football team "Red Star Belgrade," which had a count of over 58.5 million.
Fashion brands: e.g, "tiffany," which was used nearly 14.8 million times.
Swear words: The most popular of which was f*ck, used over 21 million times.
Musical artists: Topped by U2, with over 33 million hits.
Movies: The most popular was "leon" with 6.4 million passwords.
Cars: Over eight million users had "mini" as their password.
Video games: The most popular in 2022 was "arma" with over 6.2 million users.
Food: Almost 8.6 million passwords used the word "fish."
Even worse: if we reuse these passwords, write them down in plain sight or share them with others, it will make life even easier for would-be hackers and fraudsters. And if we use the same passwords at work as in our personal lives, we might even be exposing our employer to possible cyber-risk. That might have even more serious repercussions if hackers are able to steal corporate data as a result.
How to get password security right
Fortunately, password security is one of the easiest things we can get right – with some instant benefits for our digital lives. Consider the following tips to help protect your personal and financial information:
Always use complex and unique passwords or passphrases – that way, it will be harder for hackers to crack them or perform credential stuffing. This video will put you on the right track:
Never reuse passwords or credential stuffers may be able to open multiple accounts if they get hold of a single login.
Don't share your passwords as others could misuse them, even if unwittingly.
Close any unused accounts because these may represent a security risk if you haven't noticed they've been breached.
Use a password manager and consider using also a password generator. The password vault will automatically suggest and store any long, strong and unique passwords. And it will log you in on any relevant site – all you need is the master password for the tool.
Check password strength regularly and update any that are too weak or out of date.
Add multi-factor authentication (MFA) where possible – most accounts now have an option to do so. It adds an extra layer of security to passwords by requiring another "factor" for authentication, such as a face or fingerprint scan, or a one-time passcode
Don't log-in on public Wi-Fi as digital eavesdroppers on the same network may be able to snoop on your passwords.
Use security solutions from a reputable company to guard against info-stealers and other malware, as well as against phishing attacks and other threats.
Beware shoulder surfers when out and about. Consider using a screen protector for your laptop.
Don't click on suspicious links in unsolicited emails and texts. If in doubt, contact the sender directly, not by returning the message but by Googling their contact details.
Only log into sites using HTTPS as these are secured and therefore offer extra protection from attacks that can intercept your login details.
Sign up for a service that checks if your password has been caught up in a data breach.
You might have many New Year's resolutions heading into 2023. But if your own passwords appear on the list above, improving your password security will be one of the most important of them.
5 common password mistakes you should avoid
Why you should keep your Netflix password to yourself
A recipe for failure: Predictably poor passwords
5 ways hackers steal passwords (and how to stop them)
Passwordless authentication: Is your company ready to move beyond passwords?
One in six people use pet's name as password


c) The property may be unusual and difficult to value.
1) You will need to know how much notice the auctioneers require to be able to put the property in the auction and to prepare details for the catalogue. You will need to check the details to ensure they are correct.
2) If you currently occupy the property you will need to consider the length of time you will need to vacate the property.
3) There may be statutory notices you must give before the auction – for example a sale of a block of flats may be subject to a tenant's first right of refusal and a notice of at least 4 months (but less than 6 months) before the auction is required.
4) You must arrange for an energy performance certificate to be prepared as this is a legal requirement when selling the majority of properties.
5) You must arrange for the legal pack to be prepared and sent to the auctioneers, so that it may be viewed by prospective buyers.
ii) Providing evidence of the seller's title and any leases that the property may be subject to. Sometimes issues may arise with the title which can take time to resolve – for example, the property may be unregistered and deeds stored with a lender or the title may have restrictions require consents of third parties.
iii) Collating replies to standard pre-contract enquiries to enable the buyer to be provided with sufficient information regarding the property.
iv) Obtaining a full set of property searches – such as a local search, water and drainage search, environmental search, coal & brine search and chancel search. Often buyers will not want to incur this cost themselves, at the risk that they may be outbid and cannot recover this expense. The seller will usually ask that a buyer reimburses them for the cost of the searches.
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We know getting the necessary 6 meals per day is hard. We know getting enough fiber is hard. We know you would love your body to help "burn" calories… so… we formulated MetaboliX to do just that. We added known supplements that help reduce insulin resistance. Enjoy!


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Q: react how to call state variable from another class? Search.js
class Search extends Component {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.state = {
      selectedPictures: []
    }
  }

  static getSelectedPictures = () => {
      return this.state.selectedPictures;
  }

  render() {
    return (

        ...

    );
  }

}

export default Search;

Other.js
import Search from './Search';

class Other extends Component {
      constructor() {
        super();
        this.state = {

        }
      }

     render() {
       console.log(Search.getSelectedPictures); --> Uncaught null
       return (

           ...

        );
     }
    }

export default Other;

How to call Search.state.selectedPictures inside Other.js?
I already try to use static method to return this.state.selectedPictures and call in Other.js, but cannot access.
Any way can import or transfer the var? Both js files are separate files
Thank you.

A: What you're trying to do isn't really possible in React for a couple of reasons. First of all, you're trying to call methods and access properties on a class, not on an object. You would, in normal (modern) JS, be required to instantiate the class with the new keyword. For example, search = new Search(); search.getSelectedPictures() - this, however, isn't really how React works, and because your classes are actually components, you have to use the <Search/> component syntax in your render function.
As for getting access to the state in Search, you'd need to pass that state from Search to Other.
One way would be to pass the state into the props directly, so in search.js:
render() {
  <Other selectedPictures={this.state.selectedPictures} />
}

Then in other.js:
render() {
  this.props.selectedPicture.forEach((pic) => );
}

Alternatively, you could have a more umbrella parent component, and keep the state in there. Then pass that state to both components simultaneously, if the ones you list are not meant to have a parent-child relationship.
There are also, albeit slightly more complex, ways of doing what you wish but with Search as a child of Other, but without knowing what those two components actually are, it's hard to really tell.

A: Use flux architecture . The simple implementation is

alt flux

Just create an Action and  a Store . When you select images just put them in the Store using Action then get them as props using <AltContainer />


This high quality, very detailed set of metadata was written by James Neill with help from Michelle Williams-Ward. Michelle as an osteology expert was able to ensure that the medical terms used are accurate and that the catalogue works well for typical palaeopathological research themes. The archive will also have much to offer anyone with an interest in medical history, anthropology, or the history of East Anglia.
Thank you to James and Michelle for their excellent work. Thanks too of course to the Wellcome Trust for funding the Putting Flesh on the Bones project.
Special Collections staff (Alison, Martin and James) would like to wish all our users, colleagues, and other friends a Merry Christmas and all the very best for 2018. Our seasonal image highlights our Putting Flesh on the Bones project, which will make a wonderful archive available to researchers and the public. If this intrigues you, check out the project blog.
Please note that we are closed for the Christmas break from 22 December to 2 January. We look forward to sharing more archive adventures with you in 2018!
Welcome to our new Archivist!
Meet James Neill, who has just joined Special Collections as Project Archivist.
James will be with us for 18 months, working on the Wellcome-funded 'Putting Flesh on the Bones Project', a collaboration between Special Collections and Archaeological Sciences. Working closely with the rest of the project team, James will be cataloguing, digitising, preserving, and promoting the rich and unique archive of pioneering palaeopathologist Dr Calvin Wells. He will be based in Richmond Building but will also be seen around Special Collections.
James received his archive qualification from the University of Glasgow in 2013. Since then he has worked for all kinds of arts, heritage and academic organisations, including the Mercers' Company, London Metropolitan Archives and the University of Arts London, and on collections ranging from the Estate Papers of Sir Richard Whittington to the counter-cultural comic books of Robert Crumb. This wide experience will be very helpful in navigating the complications of the Wells material! Find out more about him on his staff webpage.
Calvin Wells (1908-1978) is often referred to as the father of palaeopathology: he used his medical training to shed light on the diseases and physical problems found in skeletal remains. Special Collections holds his archive and his library of over 800 books. The title of his well-known work, "Bones, bodies and disease", sums up many of the books e.g. 17th and 18th century medical texts, particularly on gynaecology and obstetrics, by authors such as Thomas Sydenham, Francois Mauriceau and William Smellie.
This illustration depicts "Emblems of Immortality", caterpillar to butterfly and acorn to oak, from "Philosophy of medicine" by Robert Thornton, published 1799-1800.
The collection also includes modern works on archaeology and anthropology, practical medical and nursing works, and books on exotic travels. A few recurring themes: ear, nose and throat medicine, the archaeology of Norfolk, where the Wellses lived in later life, ancient tribes such as the Aztecs, and medical biography, whether of doctors or of famous individuals. All these books appear on the Library Catalogue, and can be easily found using keyword search and limiting by Special Collections.


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Home » Betting Theory » Live Betting
Last update: 14 March, 2015
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How many times have you lost a bet in the last minutes of a game that has sent you from heaven to hell? With live betting techniques this won't happen again!
With the introduction of the betting exchange market, the players can sell their bets even before the final whistle from the referee in order to make sure that they will end up with winnings whatever the final outcome of the game. What follows, is an explanation of the main live betting techniques.
Betting amount covered
In the following examples we will show how we need to move in order to cover the money that we have bet in a game before the end of the game;
Example 1- selling an odd (lay)
We have the game between Team A and Team B and we bet (back) 100 euros before the start of the game for Team A to win the game at an odd of 2.00
It is the 70th minute of the game and Team A is winning and its odds to be the final winner of the game drops to 1.30.
We then sell our bet for Team A to win the game using the same amount for the bet we placed before the beginning of the game (100 euros). In case we lost this bet we would have to pay 100*1.30=30 euros.
We are therefore left with 2 possible outcomes: if team A wins we win 70 euros, if the game ends up in a draw or Team B wins we lose and win nothing. But if we didn't cover our initial bet with our second bet, we would win 100 euros in the case of Team winning the game but we would lose 100 euros if Team A didn't win the game.
Example Two- buying an odd (back)
We have the game between Team A and Team B and we sell (lay) 100 euros before the start of the game for Team A to win the game at an odd of 1.25 (meaning we will need to pay 25 euros in case Team wins the game).
It is the 75th minute of the game the game is a draw and the odd for Team A to be the final winner of the game rises to 2.00. We then buy the win for Team A to win the game with such an amount which will make sure that in the case of Team A winning the game we will not lose any money; in this example the amount is 25 euros and the general equation is as follows:
Cover=amount we will need to pay/odd-1 where
Cover=the amount we bet Amount to be paid=the amount of money we will need to pay for the bet that we sold before the beginning of the game Odd=the odd that Team has in the live bet market to win the game
We therefore have the following possible outcomes: in the case of Team A winning the game, we will not win or lose any money; but in the case of Team A NOT winning the game we will end up with 75 euros profit. If we didn't use the live bet we would definitely lose 25 euros in the case of Team A winning the game and win 100 euros in the case of Team A NOT winning the game.
This way of betting is used in games where we believe that one of the two teams is the favourite to win the game, however its effort to do so will not be that easy as in clear favourite/outsider situations. In other words, we sell the odd for this team to win the game and we buy its odd, through live bet, when it rises. Our winnings will ofcourse be more if the outsider of the game takes the lead in the game because we will buy the odd for the favourite to win the game at an even higher odd.
Betting 'negligence'
Here we will see how we need to move in order to make sure that we will end up with the same amount of winnings whatever the outcome of the game; simply put, just being indifferent to its final outcome.
It is the 75th minute of the game Team A leads with 1-0 and the odd for Team A to be the final winner of the game drops to 1.30
We then sell (lay) the odd for Team A to win the game using the following equation:
Lay stake=(odd before the game/odd during the game) * initial betting amount; we therefore have the following possible outcomes
1.If Team A wins the game we win 200 euros from our initial bet (2.00*100 euros) and we deduct 100 euros from the initial amount we used for betting before the start of the game and 45.9 (the amount created from the live bet); we therefore end up with 54 euros profit.
2.If the game ends up in a draw of if Team B wins the game, we lose 100 euros from the initial amount and win 154 from the live bet; again, we end up with 54 euros profit.
Whatever the outcome of the game we end up winning 54 euros; if we didn't use the live bet tool, we would win 100 euros if Team A was the winner but lose 100 euros if the game ended up in a draw or with Team B winning it.
Example 2- buying an odd (back) We have the game between Team A and Team B and we sell (lay) 100 euros before the start of the game for Team A to win the game at an odd of 1.25 (and thus having to pay 25 euros in case Team A wins the game)
It is the 75th minute of the game the score is 0-0 and the odd for Team A to be the final winner of the game rises to 2.00
We then buy (back) the odd for Team A to win the game with an amount equal to the initial betting amount (100 euros) plus the amount we would need to pay (25 euros) in case Team A wins the game based on the bet before the start of the game.
In other words, 100+25/2.00-62.5 euros of bet at an odd of 2.00 for Team A to win the game based on the equation: betting amount (back stake)=lay amount+amount to be paid in case Team A wins the game/live odd on the 75th minute of the game for Team A to win the game. We therefore have the following possible outcomes:
a. If Team A wins the game we lose 25 euros from the initial betting amount before the start of the game and we win 65.25 euros through the live bet an at odd of 2.00 for Team A to win the game while the score is 0-0 on the 75th minute of the game; this means that the profit is 125-25-62.5=37.5 euros
b. If the game ends in a draw or if Team B wins the game, we win 100 euros from the initial bet before the start of the game and we lose 62.5 euros from the live bet; again, the profit is 100-62.5=37.5 euros
With the use of the live bet odd on the 75th minute of the game, whatever the outcome is we will end up with 37.5 euros profit. If we wouldn't use the live bet option we would lose 25 euros in case Team A won the game and win 100 euros for the draw and Team B's win
The Live Betting tool: we searched and found for your convenience a very useful live betting tool which is named BackAndLay (804Kb) and you can download it for free on the website www.eskei.com/betting.
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