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Ocean Observatories Initiative: Cloud and Big Data come together to give scientists unprecedented access to essential climate insights
Listen to the podcast. Find it on iTunes/iPod. Read a full transcript or download a copy. Sponsor: VMware.
A fascinating global ocean studies initiative helps best define some of the IT superlatives around big data, cloud computing, and middleware integration capabilities.
The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) and its accompanying Cyberinfrastructure Program aims to provide an unprecedented ability to study the Earth's oceans and climate using myriad distributed data centers and literally oceans' worth of data.
The scale and impact of the science's importance is closely followed by the magnitude of the computer science needed to make that data accessible and actionable by scientists. In a sense, the OOI and its infrastructure program, a major undertaking by the National Science Foundation, are constructing a big data-scale programmable and integratable cloud fabric for oceanography.
We've gathered three leaders to explain the OOI and how the Cyberinfrastructure Program may not only solve this set of data and compute problems, but perhaps establish a path to how future massive data and analysis problems are solved.
Here to share their story on OOI are:
Matthew Arrott, Project Manager at the OOI Cyberinfrastructure. Matthew's career spans more than 20 years in design leadership and engineering management for software and network systems. He's held leadership positions at Currenex, DreamWorks SKG, Autodesk, and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. His most recent work has been with the University of California as e-Science Program Manager while focusing on delivering the OOI Cyberinfrastructure capabilities.
Michael Meisinger, Managing Systems Architect for the Ocean Observatories Initiative Cyberinfrastructure. Since 2007, Michael has been employed by the University of California, San Diego. He leads a team of systems architects on the OOI Project. Prior to UC San Diego, Michael was a lead developer in an Internet startup, developing a platform for automated customer interactions and data analysis. Michael holds a master's degree in computer science from the Technical University of Munich and will soon complete a PhD in formal services-oriented computing and distributed systems architecture.
Alexis Richardson, Senior Director for the VMware Cloud Application Platform. He is a serial entrepreneur and a technologist. Previously, he was a founder of RabbitMQ and the CEO of Rabbit Technologies Limited, which was acquired by VMware in April of 2010. Alexis plays a role in both the cloud and messaging communities, as well as a leading role in Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP). He is a co-founder of the CloudCamp conferences, and a co-chair of the Open Cloud Computing Interface at the Open Grid Forum. [Disclosure: VMware is a sponsor of BriefingsDirect podcasts.]
The discussion is moderated by BriefingsDirect's Dana Gardner, Principal Analyst at Interarbor Solutions.
Meisinger: The Ocean Observatories Initiative is a large, US National Science Foundation project intended to build a pl atform for ocean sciences with an operational life span of 30 years.
It comprises a construction period of five years and will integrate a large number of resources and assets. These range from typical oceanographic assets, like instruments that are mounted on buoys deployed in the ocean, to networking infrastructure on the cyberinfrastructure side. It also includes a large number of sophisticated software systems.
I'm the managing architect for the cyberinfrastructure, so I'm primarily concerned with the interfaces through the oceanographic infrastructure, including beta interfaces, networking interfaces, and then primarily, the design of the system that is the network hardware and software system that comprises the cyberinfrastructure.
OOI's goals include serving the science and education communities with their needs for receiving, analyzing, and manipulating ocean sciences and environmental data. This will have a large impact on the science community and the overall public, as a whole, because ocean sciences data is very important in understanding the changes and processes of the earth, the environment, and the climate as a whole.
Ocean sciences, as a discipline, hasn't yet received as much infrastructure and central attention as other communities. So the OOI initiative is a very important to bring this to the community. It has an almost $400 million construction budget, and an annual operations budget of $70 million for a planned lifetime of 25 to 30 years.
Gardner: What are the big hurdles here in terms of a compute requirements? What makes this so challenging?
Arrott: It has a number of key aspects that we had to address. It's best to start at the top of the functional requirements, which is to provide interactive mission planning and control o f the overall instrumentation on the 65 independent platforms that are deployed throughout the ocean.
The issue there is how to provide a standard command-and-control infrastructure over a core set of 800 instruments, about 50 different classes of instrumentation, as well as be able to deploy -- over the 30-year lifecycle -- new instrumentation brought to us by different scientific communities for experimentation.
The next is that the mission planning and control is meant to be interactive and respond to emergent changes. So we needed an event-response infrastructure that allowed us to operate on scales from microseconds to hours in being able to detect and respond to the changes. We needed an ability to move computing throughout the network to deal with the different latency requirements that were needed for the event-response analysis.
Finally, we have computational nodes all the way down in the ocean, as well as on the shore stations, that are accepting or acquiring the data coming off the network. And we're distributing that data in real time to any one who wants to listen to the signals to develop their own sense-and-response mechanisms, whether they're in the cloud, in their local institutions, or on their laptop.
Domain of control
The fundamental challenge was the ability to create a domain of control over instrumentation that is deployed by operators and for processing and data distribution to be agile in its deployment anywhere in the global network.
Gardner: Why is this a good time to try to solve this from a software distribution and data distribution perspective?
Richardson: It's the scale that's changed the architecture and deployment patterns that people have been using for th ese applications.
We can see the OOI project is essentially bringing the science needed to collaborate between vast numbers of sensors and signals and a comparatively smaller number of scientists, research institutions, and scientific applications to do analytics in a similar way as to how Facebook combines what people say, what pictures they post, what music they listen to with everybody's friends, and then allow an application to be attached to that.
So it's a huge technology challenge that would have been simply infeasible 12 years ago in the year 2000, when we thought things were big, but they were not. Now, when we talk about big data being masses of terabytes and petabytes that need to be analyzed all the time, then we're starting to glimpse what's possible with the technology that's been created in the last 10 years.
It's a huge technology challenge that would have been simply infeasible 12 years ago.
If we had been talking about this 12 years ago, in the year 2000, we would have been talking about companies like Google and Yahoo, which we would not have considered to be of moderate scale.
Since then, many companies have appeared. For example, Facebook, which has many hundreds of millions of users connecting throughout the world, shares vast amounts of data all the time.
In addition to that, many of these companies have brought out essentially a platform capability, whereby others, such as Zynga, in the case of Facebook, can create applications that run inside these networks -- social networks in the case of Facebook.
Arrott: The challenge goes beyond just the big data challenge. It also now introduces, as Alexis said, the concept of the instrument as an equal partner with the human in the participation in the network.
So you now have to think about what it means to have a device that's acting like a human in the network, and the notion that the instrument is, in fact, owned by someone and must be governed by someone, which is not the case with the human, because the human governs themselves. So it represents the notion of an autonomous agent in the network, as well as that agent having a notion of control that has to stay on the network.
Gardner: I'd like to try to explain for our audience a bit more about what is going on here. We understand that we have a tremendous diversity of sensors gathering in real-time a tremendous scale of data. But we're also talking about automating the gathering and distribution of that data to a variety of applications.
Numerical framework
We're talking about having applications within this fabric, so that the output is not necessarily data, but is a computational numerical framework that's then distributed. So there's a lot of data, a lot of logic, and a lot of scale. Can one of you help step me through it all a bit more to understand the architecture of what's being conducted here?
Meisinger: The challenge, as you mentioned, is very heterogeneous. We deal with various classes of sensors, classes of data, classes of users, or even communities of users, and with classes of technological problems and solution spaces.
So the architecture is based on a tiered model or in a layered model of most invariant things at the bottom, things that shouldn't change over the lifetime of 30 years to serve the highest level of attention.
Then, we go into our more specialized layered architecture where we try to find optimal solutions using today's technologies for high-speed messaging, big data, and so on. Then, we go into specialized solutions for specific groups of users and specific sensors that are there as last-mile technologies to integrate them into the system.
Then as you go towards the core, you approach the invariants of the system.
So you basically see an onion layer model of the architecture, externalization outside. Then as you go toward the core, you approach the invariants of the system.
This architecture is based on defining a common interaction format. It's based on defining a common data format. Our architecture is strongly communication-oriented, service-oriented, message-oriented, and federated.
As Matthew mentioned, it's an important means to have the individual resources, agents, provide their own policies, not having a central bottleneck in the system or central governing entity in the system that defines policies.
Strongly federated
Arrott: Think of it as its four core layers. There is the underlying network resource management layer. We talk about agents. They supply that capability to any process in the system, and we create devices that process.
The next layer up is the data layer, and the data layer consists of two core parts. One is the distribution system that allows for data to be moved in real-time from the source to the interested parties. It's fundamentally a publish-subscribe (pub-sub) model. We're currently using point-to-point as well as topic-based subscriptions, but we're quickly moving toward content-based routing, which is more based on the the selector that is provided by the consumer to direct traffic toward them.
The other part of the data layer is the traditional harvesting or retrieval of data from historical repositories.
The next layer up is the analytic layer. It looks a lot like the device layer, but is focused on the management of processes that are using the big data and responding to new arrival of data in the network or change in data in the network. Finally, there is the fourth layer, which is the mission planning and control layer, which we'll talk about later.
Gardner: Alexis, when you saw the problem that needed to be solved here, you had a lot of experience with advanced message queuing protocol (AMQP). Why did this problem seems to be the right fit for that particular technology, RabbitMQ, and a messaging infrastructure in general?
Richardson: What Matthew and Michael have described can be broken down into three fundamental pieces of technology.
Lot of chatter
Number one, you have a lot of chatter coming from these devices -- machines, people, and other kinds of processes -- and that needs to get to the right place. It's being chattered or twittered away and possibly at high rates and high frequencies. It needs to get to just the set of receivers following that stream, very similar to how we understand distribution to our computers. So you need what's called pub-sub, which is a fundamental technology.
In addition, that data needs to be stored somewhere. People need to go back and audit it, to pull it out of the archive and replay it, or view it again. So you need some form of storage and reliability built into your messaging network.
Finally, you need the ability to attach applications that will be written by autonomous groups, scientists, and other people who don't necessarily talk to one another, may choose these different programming languages, and may be deploying our applications, as Matthew said, on their own servers, on multiple different clouds that they are choosing through what you would like to be a common platform. So you need this to be done in a standard way.
AMQP is unique in bringing together pub-sub with reliable messaging with standards, so that this can happen. That is precisely why AMQP is important. It's like HTTP and email SMTP, but it's aimed at messaging the publish-subscribe reliable message delivery in a standard way. And RabbitMQ is one of the first implementations, and that's how we ended up working with the OOI team -- because RabbitMQ provides these and does it well.
Gardner: I'd also like to go back to the project itself, and give our listeners a sense of what this can accomplish. I've heard it described as "the Hubble Telescope of oceans.
It's the notion that we're providing capabilities that do not currently exist for oceanographers.
Let's go back to the oceanography and the climate science. What can we accomplish with this, when this data is delivered in the fashion we've been discussing, where the programmability is there, where certain scientists can interact with these sensors and data, ask it to do things, and then get that information back in a format that's not raw, but is in fact actionable intelligence?
Matthew, what could possibly happen in terms of the change in our understanding of the oceans from this type of undertaking?
Meisinger: The primary mission of our project is to provide this platform, the space telescope in the ocean. And it's not a single telescope. In our case, it's a set of 65 buoys, locations in the ocean, and even a cable that runs a 1,000 miles at the seafloor of the Pacific Northwest that provides 10 gigabit ethernet connectivity to the instrument, and high power.
The primary mission of our project is to provide this platform, the space telescope in the ocean.
It's a model where scientists have to compete. They have to compete for a slot on that infrastructure. They'll have to apply for grants and they'll have to reserve the spot, so that they can accomplish the best scientific discoveries out of that system.
It's kind of the analogy of the space telescope that will bring ocean scientists to the next level. This is our large platform, our large infrastructure that have the best scientists develop and research to best results. That's the fascination that I see as part of this project.
Arrott: The way to think about this can be summed up as continual presence in the oceans at multiple scales through multiple perspectives.
The scope of the OOI is such that it is considered to be observing the ocean at multiple scales -- coastal, regional, and global. It is an expandable model. One of the largest classes of applications that we'll attach to the network are the modeling, in particular the nowcast and forecast modeling.
Happening at scale
Once you have that ability to actually model the oceans and predict where it's going, you can use that to refocus the instrumentation on emergent events. It's this ability to have long-term presence in the ocean, and the ability to refocus the instrumentation on emergent events, that really represents the revolutionary change in the formation of this infrastructure.
Gardner: Is this in some ways taking the weather of the oceans?
Arrott: There's a movement to instrument the Earth, so that we can understand from observation, as opposed to speculation, what the Earth is actually doing, and from a notion of climate and climate change, what we might be doing to the Earth as participants on it.
The weather community, because of the demand for commercial need for that weather data, has been well in advance of the other environmental sciences in this regard. What you'll find is that OOI is just one of several ongoing initiatives to do exactly what weather has done.
Science more mature
Gardner: How is it that cloud computing is being brought to bear, making this productive, and perhaps even ahead of where the whole weather and predicting weather has been?
Richardson: Happily, that's an easy one. Imagine if a person or scientist wanted to process very quickly a large amount of data that's come from the oceans to build a picture of the climate, the ocean, or anything to do with the coastal proprieties of the North American coast. They might need to borrow 10,000 or 20,000 machines for an hour, and they might need to have a vast amount of data readily accessible to those machines.
In the cloud, you can do that, and with big data technologies today, that is a realistic proposition. It was not five to 10 years ago. It's that simple.
Obviously, you need to have the technologies, like this messaging that we talked about, to get that data to those machines so they can be processed. But, the cloud is really there to bring it altogether and to make it seem to the application owner like something that's just ready for them to acquire it, and when they don't need it anymore, they can put it back and someone else can use it.
Its common execution infrastructure subsystem is built in order to enable this access to computation and big data very quickly.
Gardner: How are cloud models enabling this at an unprecedented scale, but also at an efficient cost?
Meisinger: It does enable computing at unprecedented scale. A lot of the earth's environment is changing. Assume that you're interested in tracking the effect of a hurricane somewhere in the ocean and you're interested in computing a very complex numerical model that provides certain predictions about currents and other variables of the ocean. You want to do that when the hurricane occurs and you want to do it quickly. Part of the strategy is to enable quick computation on demand.
The OOI architecture, in particular, its common execution infrastructure subsystem, is built in order to enable this access to computation and big data very quickly. You want to be able to make use of execution provider's infrastructure as a service very quickly to run your own models with the infrastructure that the OOI provides.
Then, there are other users that want to do things more regularly, and they might have their own hardware. They might run their own clusters, but in order to be interoperable, and in order to have excess overflow capabilities, it's very important to have cloud infrastructure as a means of making the system more homogenous.
So the cloud is a way of abstracting compute resources of the various participants of the system, be they commercial or academic cloud computing providers or institutions that provide their own clusters as cloud systems, and they all form a large compute network, a compute fabric, so that they can run the computation in a predictable way, but also then in a very episodic way.
I really see that the cloud paradigm is one of the enablers of doing this very efficiently, and it enables us as a software infrastructure project to develop the systems, the architecture, to actually manage this computation from a system's point of view in a central way.
Gardner: Alexis, because of AMQP and the VMware cloud application platform, it seems to me that you've been able to shop around for cloud resources, using the marketplace, because you've allowed for interoperability among and between platforms, applications, tools, and frameworks.
Is it the case that leveraging AMQP has given you the opportunity to go to where the compute resources are available at the lowest cost when that's in your best interest?
Richardson: The dividend of interoperability for the end-user and the end-customer in this platform environment is ultimately portability -- portability through being able to choose where your application will run.
Michael described it very well. A hurricane is coming. Do you want to use the machines provided by the cloud provider here for this price? Do you want to use your own servers? Maybe your neighboring data center has servers available to you, provided those are visible and provided there is this fundamental interoperability through cloud platforms of the type that we are investing in. Then, you will be able to have that choice. And that lets you make these decisions in a way that you could not do before.
Providing a strong platform or a strong technological footprint that's not specific to any technology is a great benefit to the community out there.
Gardner: It's been mentioned by Alexis and others that this has some common features to Twitter or Facebook.
We think of the social environment because of the scale, complexity, and the use of cloud models. But we're doing far more advanced computational activities here. This is simply not a display of 140 characters, based on a very rudimentary search, for example. These are at the high performance computing (HPC) level, supercomputer-level types of requests and analysis.
So are we combining the best of a social fabric approach and the architecture behind that to what we've been traditionally exposed to in high-performance computing and supercomputing, and what does that mean for the future?
Meisinger: This is the direction in which the future will evolve, and it's the combination of proven patterns of interaction that are emerging out of how humans interact applied to high-performance computing. Providing a strong platform or a strong technological footprint that's not specific to any technology is a great benefit to the community out there.
Providing a reference architecture and a reference implementation that can solve these problems, that social network for sensor networks and for device computation will be a pattern that can be leveraged by other interested participants, either by participating in the system directly or indirectly, where it's just taking that pattern and the technologies that come with it and basically bringing it to the next level in the future. Developing it as one large project in a coherent set really yields a technology stack and architecture that will carry us far into the future.
Arrott: With all the incremental change that we're introducing is taking the concepts of Facebook and of Twitter and the notions of Dropbox, which is the ability to move a file to a shared place so someone else can pick it up later, which was really not possible long ago. I had to do an FTP server, put up an HTTP server to accomplish that.
Sharing processes
What we are now adding to the mix is not sharing just artifacts, but we're actually sharing processes with one another, and then specifically sharing instrumentation. I can say to you, "Here, have a look through my telescope." You can move it around and focus it.
Basically, we introduced the concept of artifacts or information resources, as well as the concept of a taskable resource, and the thing that we're adding to that which can be shared are taskable resources.
Meisinger: This pattern is very applicable, and it's not that frequent that a research and construction project of that size has an ability to provide an end-to-end technology solution to this challenge of big data combined with real-time analysis and real-time command and control of the infrastructure.
What I see that's evolving into is, first of all, you can take the solutions build in this project and apply it to other communities that are in need for such a solution. But then it could go further. Why not combine these communities into a larger system? Why not federate or connect all these communities into a larger infrastructure that all is based on common ideas, common standards, and that still enables open participation?
It's a platform where you can plug in your own system or subsystem that you can then make available to whoever is connected to that platform, whoever you trust. So it can evolve into a large ecosystem, and that does not have to happen under the umbrella of one organization such as OOI.
Larger ecosystem
It can happen to a larger ecosystem of connected computing based on your own policies, your own technologies, your own standards, but where everyone shares a common piece of the same idea and can take whatever they want and not consume what they're not interested in.
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MOBILE, Ala. - In a game filled with some of college football's brightest stars, the 2008 Senior Bowl was conspicuously missing something: big plays and a standout performance. Until the final two minutes, at least.
The South ended up walking away with a 17-16 victory over the North at a rainy, dreary and cold Ladd-Peebles Stadium thanks to Tennessee quarterback Erik Ainge and a dramatic, game-winning touchdown drive.
Ainge led the South down the field on a 14-play, 86-yard drive as Florida wide out Andre Caldwell scored from two yards out on a reverse with four seconds remaining. With the North defense fooled, Caldwell beat two defenders to the goal line and Georgia's Brandon Coutu tacked on the PAT with no time remaining to earn the South its first win since 2004.
"That's a great call by (offensive coordinator Mike) Martz," Ainge said. "That was all him and we have to give him the credit."
Ainge completed six passes on the final drive, but his three straight incompletions at the 2 yard line threatened to leave the South standing on the doorstep of victory with nothing to show and the definitively pro-South crowd heartbroken.
But Martz's reverse turned out to be the perfect call and the South executed beautifully. Immediately after Ainge handed off to Caldwell, he raised his hands to signal touchdown and Caldwell just made it.
On the final drive, Ainge connected on passes of 4, 18, 3, 22, 23 and 13 yards, managing the South team over the final 2:48 that did not have the luxury of stopping the clock with every first down. The game was played under NFL rules.
"The offensive line did a great job and the receivers made plays," AInge said of the final drive. "It's easy when the receivers make plays."
But other than the final drive, the game was mostly a bore. It featured a number of turnovers and only a few plays over 20 yards. There were dropped balls, poorly thrown passes, two missed field goals and plenty of wasted opportunities for both teams to have taken firmer control of the game. The two squads combined for just 641 yards of total offense and a 34 percent third down conversion rate.
Tulane's Matt Forte was named the game's MVP. The running back finished 97 yards of total offense, catching four balls for 38 yards and rushing for 59 yards on eight carries.
Despite Forte winning the MVP, there was no one performance that especially stood out above the others in the final collegiate game for the 100-plus seniors who spent the past week learning under two NFL coaching staffs and conducting extensive interviews with all 32 teams.
The six quarterbacks - three on each side - were shuffled in and out of the lineup and the South offensive line allowed four sacks.
But in the grand scheme of things, the game means little for the players. The scouts and executive who flooded here this week put much more stock in the four practices and the interviews they conducted over the week. And never was that more evident after witnessing the mass exodus of scouts - at least the ones that were left - leaving the press box in the middle of the third quarter and into the fourth. They had seen enough to satisfy their needs and one final, dramatic drive wasn't going to sway any opinions or force any evaluations to be revised.
Player of the Game: Erik Ainge. He calmly and coolly led the South down the field for the game winning touchdown. He was the only effective quarterback for the South, finishing 13-of-21 for 159 yards. He wasn't perfect on the final drive - far from it, in fact - but he hit his receivers when he needed to.
Play of the Game: The Mike Martz called reverse on the final play of the game. If Ainge had handed it off to Forte, as the North thought was the case, the South's comeback would have been thwarted because the North stuffed the left side of the line where the play originally looked to be headed. As it was, Ainge and the South had a trick up their sleeve and fooled the North perfectly.
Up Next: The NFL Combine awaits nearly all of the Senior Bowl participants in Indianapolis Feb. 20-26. Until then, the players will rev up their training regiments and focus all their energies toward making a big impression at the RCA Dome.


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text:
Snubbed Prince Harry left shellshocked in LA
"Nothing more than Meghan's plus one."
By New Idea
Prince Harry will find it difficult to settle into life in Los Angeles, while for Meghan Markle their move is like a home coming.
WATCH: Trump punishes Harry and Meghan for 'insulting the Queen'
According to Duncan Larcombe, a journalist and author of Prince Harry: The Inside Story, shellshocked Harry will be feeling "helpless" and like a "duck out of water" as he finds his feet in a new city.
The prince could even be seen as Meghan's "plus one", rather than a man with his own role.
Speaking to Closer, Duncan added that Harry might be feeling "helpless" not being able to do more for his family as they try to boost the nation's morale during the coronavirus lockdown.
He said: "Harry didn't go to university and he hasn't had much work experience other than being in the army and charity work.
"Being in Hollywood is likely to make him feel like a duck out of water, as it will be tricky for him to find a suitable role."
He added: "I suspect he will be missing home more than ever and feeling a bit helpless,'referring to the efforts other members of the British royal family have been making to raise morale amidst the coronavirus pandemic."
Harry will struggle with life in LA.
Last month, as the Duke and Duchess of Sussex stepped down from their royal duties their new "out-of-office" email reply came into effect, which revealed they have officially left the building, People reported.
"Many thanks for your email. The office for the Duke and Duchess of Sussex has now closed," the auto-reply message states.
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Buckingham Palace office has confirmed the couple have officially stepped down as senior members of the royal family.
Meghan and Harry shocked the world on January 6 with their bombshell announcement that they wished to step back from their roles as senior royals.
After announcing their last day would be March 31, Harry and Meghan revealed they were letting go of their London staff, as they didn't plan to keep a Buckingham Palace office.
According to the British publication, the palace issued a statement on Monday that confirmed it will no longer be commenting on enquires relating to Harry and Meghan moving forward.
Harry and Meghan's out of office reply comes just one day after they posted their final message on their Instagram account.
The statement read: "No other royal communications representatives act on behalf of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, including palace spokespeople, Household representatives nor royal sources."
Taking to their Sussex Royal account, the Duke and Duchess shared a lengthy message, in which they thanked their "community" while reflecting on the recent global changes.
While they won't be using the Sussex Royal handle anymore, the royal couple said fans can still expect to hear from them and learn about their important work elsewhere.
"As we all find the part we are to play in this global shift and changing of habits, we are focusing this new chapter to understand how we can best contribute.
"While you may not see us here, the work continues," the message read.
Originally published in New Idea.
prince harry /
meghan markle /
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royal family news /
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ideas Matter
Macroeconomics and Finance
Microeconomics and Competitiveness
Politics and Institutions
Behavioral Economics and the Fight against COVID-19
September 22, 2022 by Indhira Ramirez Leave a Comment
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an immense impact on people around the world, affecting every aspect of their lives, mostly in a negative way. In Latin America and the Caribbean, most governments have made controlling the spread of the new coronavirus a principal goal. Despite investing immense effort and resources in containing transmission, however, they have been unable to achieve a definitive end to the waves of infection.
The problem is neither in the quality or quantity of the information provided on COVID. There have been highly publicized measures to decrease COVID transmission, including campaigns for vaccination and the importance of social distancing, limiting social gatherings to open places, avoiding crowds, wearing masks, washing hands regularly, and avoiding touching one's eyes, nose and mouth. In most cases, however, knowledge of these measures has not been enough to ensure citizen's compliance.
Using Behavioral Economics Tools to Prevent Illness
So throughout the pandemic, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has used the tools of behavioral economics to understand why people, despite fearing infection, fail to comply with preventive measures and to design interventions to help them from getting sick. The work described in the IDB Behavioral Economics Group's most recent publication, "Nudging Latin America and the Caribbean: A Decade of Improving Public Policies through Behavioral Economics," serves as a potential road map for increasing voluntary compliance with public health guidelines on COVID.
Behavioral economics draws on the tools of psychology, economics, and other social sciences to understand human behavior, predict it, and change it. In particular, through "small nudges" or changes in choice architecture—"the context in which people make decisions"—it helps generate systematic and predictable transformations in people's behavior. In effect, small nudges correct cognitive biases and barriers that negatively affect decision making, helping people to make wiser and more beneficial choices.
An Experiment in Mexico
The IDB has used behavioral economics to provide support in the fight against COVID in several countries, including Mexico, which, at the time of the intervention, was characterized by a lack of compliance with preventive behaviors such as social distancing. Despite survey results showing high approval of preventative measures established by public health authorities and a high level of knowledge of transmission risks from activities such as meeting in closed spaces, visits to friends' and relatives' houses were still common.
The IDB designed an intervention to examine what type of social norms were causing people to flout these public health recommendations. It used a vignette to describe a fictitious character (Mariana) who receives an invitation to attend a friend's birthday party along with 20 other guests. The vignette varied according to four conditions incorporating expectations based on prescriptive social norms—e.g., most people think everyone should comply with social distancing—and descriptive social norms—e.g., no one actually does—.
The sentence giving rise to the four conditions and generating the variations in the vignette is as follows: "Mariana knows that her friends think [it is/isn't] right to attend, [and/but] [only a few/most of them] will show up."
After being randomly exposed to one of Mariana's different conditions, participants answered questions about whether Mariana would attend the birthday and whether she should attend. Results indicated that social norms affected people's beliefs about whether Mariana would attend the party. Compared to the baseline category (attending is inappropriate and few friends will go), the conditions "attending is inappropriate and many friends will go," "attending is appropriate and few friends will go," and "attending is appropriate and many friends will go" increased, on average, the belief that Mariana would attend the birthday party by about 7 percentage points, which is equivalent to a 28% increase in the probability of attendance observed in the baseline category. No effect was observed on beliefs about whether Mariana "should" attend the party.
The results suggest that information campaigns that intend to increase social distancing behavior in the fight against COVID may be more successful if they are based on both empirical and normative expectations. This study shows that compliance with preventive behavior is more likely when Mariana: i) expects few of her friends to attend, and ii) believes her friends would not approve of her attending. If either of these conditions fails to hold, predicted attendance rises considerably.
A Cost-Effective Tool Against COVID-19 and Other Public Policy Challenges
Behavioral economics tools can be among the most cost-effective solutions to important public policy challenges. And you can learn about both this study and 37 other interventions that cover areas ranging from education and gender to health, social security, taxation, public administration, and small and medium enterprise promotion in our new report.
Filed Under: Behavioral Economics Tagged With: #COVID-19
Indhira Ramirez
Indhira Ramirez is an economist specialized in behavioral sciences working at the IDB Behavioral Economics Group with a focus on Caribbean countries. She holds a master's degree in behavioral sciences from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a bachelor's degree in economics from the Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo. With more than seven years of experience in international development, she has held research roles in applied economics in the areas of health, social protection, labor markets, and education at the World Bank and the IDB.
Appealing to Social Norms to Combat COVID-19
Leveraging Behavioral Insights in the Aftermath of COVID-19
Compiling Latin America and the Caribbean's Largest Repository of Behavioral Interventions
The Free Online Behavioral Economics Course Is Going Strong. Have You Taken It?
Behavioral Economics and the Urgent Need to Use Masks When Lockdowns Are Lifted
The blog of the IDB's Research Department shares ideas that matter on public policy and development in Latin America and the Caribbean.


You can completely customize this canvas! Just click here https://www.mapprints.co/design/map/upqamaPCEECw83ACjexm6g if you would like to adjust the map, colors, text, size, etc.
This ultra high-quality canvas of Bangkok Thailand is printed on textured and fade-resistant canvas and hand stretched to perfection. The premium 1.5 inch depth adds dimension to your room and truly catches the eye. Mounting brackets are included and are centered on the frame. Designed to last up to 200 years!


Mothers Day is on Sunday 12th May 2019. Start shopping now for Mum and pay later with Afterpay and zipPay!
Gals, drop your eyeliner and stop painting your nails. Mothers Day is right around the corner! This is the celebration where we get to show the hardworking and pioneering mums out there how much we adore them.
Sometimes we forget that Mothers Day isn't all about the fancy gifts. It's the simple gestures of appreciation and love that Mums want.
So for this year and the many Mothers Days to come, don't waste your money on a new coffee machine or a four-day vacation to Vegas. Try our range of exclusive Mothers Day gift sets instead.
We understand the meaning of 'the best things come in small packages'. Our affordable Mothers Day gift ideas, sweet treats and beauty kits filled with the best-selling beauty and skincare brands are gift wrapped and packed with love.
From sweet-smelling and relaxing skincare and body scrub sets, makeup and beauty sets, lippy kits and more, we have specialised gifts tailored for the 9-5 working mums, the stay at home mums, the sporty soccer mums, the single mums and all the mums in between!
Get cracking. It's time to show how much we love the women that have given us their everything.
Mothers Day is on Sunday 12th May 2019. Have you bought your presents yet?
Make a statement in the accessory department and become the ultimate It-Girl, while keeping your cash and cards close by with our selection of high-quality bi-fold wallets.


The world of genuinely unretouched photos in the fashion industry is a touchy one indeed. Even those who vow to use "real women" do a little tweaking here a there — smoothing over some wrinkles, tightening the arms just a bit, maybe even removing a few scars or tattoos. Aerie, the American Eagle lingerie line, has made the ultimate promise for their new collection — they will use real women and they will do no retouching.
The result is aerie Real, whose spring 2014 campaign is definitely refreshing. For once, the smiling models wearing spunky-colored bras and underwear don't have perfectly flat stomachs, their arms aren't perfectly toned, their bodies aren't somehow magically allergic to cellulite, and they're individuals with stories — scars, tattoos, and all.
Aerie's consumer demographic makes this anti-Photoshop decision all the more important — 15- to 21-year-olds, an age group that is particularly susceptible to picking up on poor body image, can finally see what wearing lingerie really looks like. By "challenging the supermodel standards," as the brand says, aerie shows these young women the reality of wearing their apparel, the end result of which is just as, if not more beautiful. Check out more from the new ad campaign below.


This is the third Tutorial from a series that will establish the Project Fuze. The idea of Fuze is to show you all my CG workflow from modeling to final render making this Gun model from Johnson Ting Neo Japan Universe.
It will be split into 4 parts. This one is about HardSurface Uvs Unwrap in Maya. I'll explain you my process and the tools I use for unwrap UVs on the grenade and the Gun model.


Jaden is a sophomore at AHS and this is her first year on the Herald staff! She's passionate about understanding the world around her and is glad to be doing so through journalism this school year. In addition to writing, her hobbies include computer science, traveling, music, staying hydrated and obnoxiously singing ABBA when nobody is home. Despite her obviously busy schedule, Jaden is jazzed to be able to put out her voice through Arapahoe's incredible student media program!


Do you notice the detail, the small things?
Do you feel the breath of life upon your face?
Are you exquisitely aware of everything and everybody about you?
If so, you might be a Highly Sensitive Person.
Life is exaggerated, and both painful and sad, and beautiful and fulfilling for the HSP.
I read that about 20% of the population are Highly Sensitive. Everyone has the ability to feel deeply, to feel touched and moved, and often do, but people who fit the bill of being a Highly Sensitive Person feel like this all the time. Like I said, it can be both a curse and a blessing.
We can become quickly overwhelmed. People, work, chaos and clutter can cause stress and we can become immobile by these things. We often need to retreat and regroup, please don't think we're being antisocial, once we're comfortable we can socialise with the best of them, but our energy reserves drain fast and we need time alone.
Sometimes this is because many of us are empaths and as we feel the emotions of those around us we can become overwhelmed. Our emotions cut to the soul which is why many of us are natural empaths. I remember standing behind a woman in a supermarket queue and her emotions brought me to tears. I could literally feel her sadness engulf me and the impotence of being unable to help was paralysing. Sometimes I've spoken to people and helped, but sometimes the empath can also feel the barriers and the inability to help can be painful.
Those who are HSP can feel moods and emotions easily and can read people well. We're conscious to the needs of others and perform very well in those tests that ask you to identify emotions on anonymous faces. We can see that slight hint of a smile, or that frown, and those emotions that barely surface.
We often become people-pleasers and we have to learn to be able to say 'No.' I spent years depleting my energy by saying 'Yes,' to everything. Our bodies are susceptible to fatigue and we can be more responsive to pain, both our own and others. Self-care is important to the HSP, and essential to prevent exhaustion as we give.
Many people dislike change, but Highly Sensitives like to be in control and change needs be tackled slowly, so we can assess it, reflect and choose the best course of action. We're often seen as indecisive, but we just want to be sure we make the right choice! We dislike contention and conflict and are mortified when we offend. We do everything we can to resolve conflict as fast as we can because we cannot believe our considered choices and decisions may have caused hurt or offense.
Though we may avoid conflict, when we give our hearts or believe something deeply, we will not be moved and will fight our corner with the ferocity of a lion or a lioness!
We have hugely heightened emotions and senses. This can be tough for the HSP. We notice everything and are exquisitely aware of our environment, be it sight, sound, taste, touch or smell. Some of us suffer from misophonia which is the sensitivity to sound (eg. people eating) which causes great distress to the sufferer. Others can have other hypersensitivities to their environment. I am unable to wear certain materials, natural wool against my skin for instance, and my ability to notice every little thing around me has caused problems all my life. I have rearranged bookshelves because I cannot have a white spine book placed among dark spines. I notice every piece of lint or fluff on the floor and cannot rest until it has been moved. I cannot concentrate with someone's foot on the end of their crossed leg bobbing up and down! I also have problems with strong smells, particularly strong perfumes. Hypersensitivity (or Sensory Processing Disorder) can be difficult for both the sufferer and their family!
On the other hand being an observer can be wonderful and life affirming. We notice every detail and the subtleties that most people miss. We're intuitive and creative, and nature and detail inspire us.
Intuition is second nature. We often just 'know' because we sometimes learn without realising we are. The small details become intrinsic. I would be very sad if I moved through life without noticing the rainbows, the heron by the stream, and the expression of need on a homeless face. We should notice the daisy in the crack of concrete, the smell of honeysuckle, and many more tiny things that aren't necessary but are life affirming.
Though being such a deep thinker and a contemplative, my life as a Highly Sensitive Person is fulfilling and beautiful. I wouldn't be without the touch of sunlight on my face, the taste of raspberries, and the depth of my soul to help me offer charity. Sometimes I need to step out of life, to retreat to the woods, or running water, or to spend quiet time on the mountainside…but once recharged I can offer myself once more and allow the intuitive grace of life to lift me.
Is it a curse or a blessing to you?
This entry was posted in Emotions, Flowers, Mental Health, Nature and tagged Claude Monet, emotions, empath, highly sensitive person, HSP, hypersensitivity, intuition, misophonia, notice, observe, overwhelmed, Pearl S Buck, sensitivity, Sensory Processing Disorder on 14th October 2015 by Lisa Shambrook.
I am an HSP, and have the Highly Sensitive Child book, which then led me to the Highly Sensitive Person in Love & Relationships book, both of which make a lot of sense to me. And although there is indeed an overlap with sensory processing disorders, but there is also a defined difference. My autistic son is also an HSP and it displays differently from the SPDs he suffers due to autism. It is more of an emotional response I suppose.
I am also in a marriage with a non-HSP, which can be frustrating – yet he also has SPDs, such as food texture. But he is a defined non-HSP.
Thanks, Tess, nice to see you back and read your Newfoundland journey…my son's on Prince Edward Island right now, and loving it!
Thank you Lisa, both myself and my wife are HSP, as is my cousin and it seems to run in our family. I find that being a HSP has brought heartache but also much joy. It is a fine line to walk through life being a HSP but hopefully we are the ones who always see the rainbows and stop to breathe in their magic.
i am also a HSP and this post was wonderful to read.
Fabulous post. I am an empath and a HSP and never really knew anything specific about it, other than my feelings about the things I sense and feel. Great article.
are making a little more sense … thank you for posting this.


text:
A Dissertation on the Prophecies Relative to Antichrist and the Last Times ...
Per Ethan Smith
Italy, in 493, he made Ravenna the capital of his kingdom. But did this constitute it a kingdom? In the reign of Justinian, emperor of Constantinople, Belisarius and Narses, his generals, overturned the kingdom of the Ostrogoths in Italy; and Narses was constituted governor of Italy, with the title of duke. He made Ravenna his capital; and it became an exarchate. But could this constitute it a kingdom, a horn of the Ro. man beast? And with no more propriety could the city of Rome, with her "senate, people, and neighborhood," be represented as one of those kingdoms. When Theodoric established Ravenna as his capital, he suffered Rome to retain under him some appearance of her former government. But still it was in fact but one city in his kingdom; and that inferior to his capital. And under the succeeding dukedom of Narses, Rome was stripped of every appearance of her ancient form of government, and reduced to a mere duchy; and this long before it fell under the civil jurisdiction of the Pope. Rome was besieged and taken five times in twenty years; and was reduced to a miserable condition. A sorry kingdom indeed, to be supposed one of Daniel's ten Roman horns, and one of the three which fell before the Papal hierarchy! But even supposing these, (viz. Ravenna, and Rome with its neighborhood) to be two of the three horns, where shall we find the third? We must leave Italy. And where else did the Pope obtain civil jurisdiction? Some have tried to find one of these three horns in Germany. But surely the Pope had no civil kingdom there. It is true we find there were in Germany spiritual princes with civil jurisdiction. Some time after Pepin gave to the Pope the exarchate of Ravenna, and constituted him a civil prince in some of the Italian states, Charlemagne, Pepin's son and successor, endowed some of the bishops in Germany with temporal dominions, and annexed to their bishopricks the civil jurisdiction of their dioceses. These ecclesiastico-civil princes obtained the enlarge. ment of their civil dominions, till some of them canc to rank with the highest sovereign princes, were even clectors, and not inferior to kings. But these sove. reignties were not under the civil jurisdiction of the Pope. So fully disconnected were their civil jurisdictions from his, that Dr. Lowman imagined, (though I think incorrectly) that those German establishments collectively constituted the second beast in Rev. xiii; while the Romish hierarchy constituted the first. * These sovereign ecclesiastics in Germany constituted but a minority of the German empire. How then could Germany be one of these three kingdoms, which fell before the Pope? The long contentions between the Popes and the German emperors concerning the right of investitures, were far from indicating, that Germany had been plucked up by the Papal horn, in point of civil jurisdiction. But even if Germany had been under the civil jurisdiction of the Pope, it would fail of answering to the prediction in Daniel concerning any one of the three horns. For the primitive Germany never belonged to the ancient Roman empire. The ancient Germans, a fierce warlike people, though they trembled at the Cæsars, and lost bloody battles with the Romans, were never subdued by the Roman arms. Charlemagne was the first, who subdued them, in the beginning of the ninth century. Surely then Germany could not be one of those three horns.
A late celebrated writer on the prophecies, feeling the difficulties attending the old schemes of exposition upon this point, gives a new one of the following tenor. The first kingdom, he tells us, to be plucked up, was that of Odoacer, king of the Heruli, who took Italy in 476, put an end to the western Roman empire, and caused himself to be proclaimed king of Italy. But his kingdom was plucked up in 493, by Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, when he established his Gothic kingdom in Italy, which I before noted. This latter was plucked up by Belisarius and Narses, generals of the eastern emperor, by the aid of the Lombards, who were auxiliaries under them. Italy now, after being thus twice plucked up, (not by the Pope indeed, nor in his presence; for he was not yet in existence!) was
* Lowman on Rev. p. 139.
made a province of the eastern emperor, under the dukedom of Narses. Italy now not being an independent kingdom, its next revolution was not to be reckoned. This next, which was not to be reckoned, took place sometime after, by the invasion of the Lombards, who under Alboin set up a kingdom in Italy, about the year 568. In 752 they under Aistulphus, took Ravenna; and threatened Rome: upon which the Pope applied to Pepin, king of France, for protection. Pepin came with an army; subdued the Lombards; and gave the exarchate of Ravenna, as the patrimony of St. Peter, to the Pope. This was the third kingdom plucked up before the Pope. Here is the plucking up of the three kingdoms before the Papal horn. But I think not less difficulties attend this scheme, than those, which attend the others.
First: These three kingdoms are in fact but one and the same nation, Italy. If one nation, by successive revolutions, may make the three horns, why not by ten revolutions, make the ten horns? Perhaps there have
, been revolutions enough in Italy to amount to the ten horns! This would prevent the necessity of looking abroad from Italy to find the ten horns of the Roman beast: We should have only to ascertain ten revolutions there.
Secondly: But a small part of this threefold kingdom of Italy fell under the civil jurisdiction of the Pope. The exarchate of Ravenna, and in after days some other provinces did in this sense fall before him. But with what propriety could that part of the Lombardic kingdom which fell into the Papal hands be reckoned even one, and much less the three of those kingdoms so long foretold by Daniel?
Thirdly: The above scheme as really makes four horns falling before the Papal hom, as three. The revolution under Belisarius and Narses, was as real and great, as any of the others. And a vast dukedom under a great empire may as properly constitute a horn, as a short lived, barbarian kingdom, which embraces only the same territory.
Fourthly: The prophecy says of the Papal horn, And he shall subdue three kings.* But according to the scheme of this author, the Popes subdued but a part of one kingdom; and not that neither! for the king of France subdued it for him. And with the preceding conquests of Italy, the Papal horn had nothing to do: For they took place long before his existence! Upon this scheme it appears, that instead of the Pope's subduing three kingdoms, he never subdued one. And if those successive revolutions in Italy, which preceded the rise of the Papal horn, were to be noted in ancient prophecy, as kingdoms subdued by the Pope, why should not all the revolutions in Italy from the days of Romulus be thus noted?
The above scheme appears to me untenable; as do indeed all the schemes I have ever seen upon the subject. And I cannot but apprehend, that the lameness which appears to attend the old expositions on this subject, affords a strong argument, that the old scheme relative to the ten horns of the old Roman beast, is incorrect.
To find the fulfilment of the three horns falling before the Papal horn, I think we must find three great sections of the primitive Roman empire falling peculiarly under the fatal delusion of the Papal imposture. This fatal influence, appropriate to Popery, is something, in which the Papal power is indeed diverse from all other powers, which had been noted in prophecy. And another shall rise after them, and he shall be diverse from the first; and he shall subdue three kings.* This diverse characteristic seems to have been overlooked. If his subduing three kings mean his obtaining civil jurisdiction over them, then he was not in this respect diverse from other civil powers. But the Papal characteristic being diverse, is a circumstance which seems to indicate, that the influence, with which he subdues three kings, is of a kind diverse from civil government: It must mean, his filling them with his own characteristic influence, Popery. And do we not find this thing fulfillled? Behold Italy, France, and Spain, which were
*Dan. vii, 24.
indeed horns of the empire of the ancient Cæsars, the chief theatre of Papal delusion; and eventually plucked up by the roots by the consequences of that wicked system! This is an event interesting to the Church; and might be expected to have been a subject of ancient prophecy, when the Papal imposture was predicted. But the old view of the subject appears to be on too. small a scale; and the events scarcely interesting to the Church at all. By Italy, France, and Spain, I mean all that was formerly included in them: Italy containing all that country south of the Alps: France, the ancient transalpine Gaul, including all the old Roman dominions between the Alps and the Pyrenees, the Helvetii, or Switzerland, and a considerable part of the modern German empire:* and Spain including all west and south of the Pyrenees. For the ancient kingdoms of Spain, and Lusitania, or Portugal, were but one horn of the ancient Roman empire. Britain, though it was under the empire of the Cæsars; and though it was in the dark ages much perverted with Papal delusion for centuries, yet considering its early renunciation of that pestilent error, its different lot at the end of the scene, and its being reserved as a cradle of the church of Christ, it would 110t be represented as plucked up by the roots, or subdued by the Papal horn. The evils of Popery were to be of so much longer duration, and its events so much more fatal in Italy, France, and Spain, that it appears rational that they should be thus designated in that ancient prophecy concerning the Papal de lusion, as the principal theatre, among the horns of the ancient beast, of its fatal operations. The other nations, which constituted the other seven horns of the beast, were not so conspicuously to be the theatre of Papal delusion and ruin. And we accordingly find they were not. The horiis in Africa, Asia, and even Greece, escaped this deadly influence. Ancient Germany, and the more northern nations of Prussia, Poland, Denmark, and Sweden, though they were long enveloped in Papal delusion, and share in the judgments of Papal na.
*See Guthrie's Geog. p. 45%.


There are many small guesthouses and people offering bed & breakfast in Cowal. Here is a list of several, with contact details. Each one is assigned to an area of Cowal (South-West, North etc.). This is simply to give a rough idea of where it is in the peninsula, so that if you are interested in exploring a particular part of Cowal you can choose one close to your area of interest.
If you run a guesthouse or B&B which is not yet included in this list, please feel free to use the 'Contact us' button to let us know the name and location of your place, and phone/email details for bookings, and the url of your website if you have one.
Many Bed & Breakfasts and Guesthouses can be booked via accommodation or booking agencies on line. But the following list may include guesthouses which do not use booking agents. In any case, some visitors may prefer to contact a guesthouse direct by phone or email rather than through an agency's website.


text:
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class RawProperty extends \LesserPhp\Property implements CanCompile
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    /**
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        return $this->getValue();
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Us Maps, The United States Political Map was posted April 7, 2019 at 7:04 am by le-siecle.info . More over The United States Political Map has viewed by 15 visitor.
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text:
The Daily Tip
by Lubomir Tassev
The Daily: Belarus Adopts New Regulations, Galaxy Digital Releases Q3 Results
In this edition of The Daily, we look at the latest regulatory development in Europe – Belarus High Technologies Park has adopted new regulations for cryptocurrency companies. We also cover Galaxy Digital's report into its third quarter financial results and an alert issued in Texas about a new scam promising refunds to Bitconnect investors.
Also read: Kucoin Enables Credit Card Payments, Coinbase Pro Adds Zcash
Belarus Expands Crypto Regulatory Framework
Belarus, which legalized business activities related to digital assets earlier this year, has now expanded its crypto-friendly regulatory framework. The High Technologies Park (HTP) in Minsk, where companies from the industry are welcome to register and operate, has announced new regulations aimed at creating even more favorable conditions for cryptocurrency startups.
The former Soviet republic became one of the first jurisdictions in Europe to adopt legislation designed to attract crypto and blockchain companies when President Lukashenko's decree "On the Development of the Digital Economy" came into force in March. According to a press release, now the HTP is introducing additional tax exemptions, advanced anti-money laundering rules, strict data and consumer protection requirements and improved business standards.
The new regulations have been approved by the supervisory council of the business park and published on its website on Nov. 30. They introduce comprehensive requirements for companies applying for HTP residence, operators of cryptocurrency platforms, including digital asset exchanges, projects conducting initial coin offerings (ICOs) and internal control rules that registered entities should implement.
Galaxy Digital Announces Q3 Financial Results
Galaxy Digital Holdings has released the third quarter financial results of both GDH LP, a merchant bank operating with digital assets, and GDH Ltd., a company that holds a minority interest in the crypto bank. GDH LP, also known simply as Galaxy Digital, was established by famed investor Michael Novogratz. It offers an array of services to companies in the cryptocurrency and blockchain industry.
According to the report, as of Sept. 30, GDH LP's digital assets and investments totaled $323 million. A press release details that the $9.5 million increase came as a result of additional purchases and capital deployed during the quarter. Galaxy Digital has also registered $38.1 million of net realized losses on digital assets and $4.2 million of net unrealized losses on investments.
As part of the corporate highlights published in the Q3 report, Galaxy Digital confirmed previously announced plans to reposition its advisory services business away from small ICO advisory and technical blockchain consulting. Instead, the bank wants to focus on institutional clients in the crypto space. The company has already closed its Vancouver office and intends to expand its team in New York.
Texas Securities Regulator Warns About Bitconnect Refund Scam
The Texas State Securities Board (TSSB) has issued an investor alert about a new crypto scam related to Bitconnect. According to its announcement, a fraudulent notice tells people they can receive partial refunds of their investments in the crypto project by completing a form and submitting a $250 fee. The "Bitconnect update" notice claims to be from the regulator and promises to recover 35 percent of the funds they've invested.
Texas Securities Commissioner Travis Iles explained that the false webpage, set up by an unknown entity, looks like the TSSB's website. He added that it is an attempt to further defraud Bitconnect investors and described it as an "advance fee" scam.
Iles issued a cease and desist order against Bitconnect in January of this year. TSSB now says the order has become final. It remains in full force and effect, the regulator explained, because Bitconnect, which is an overseas cryptocurrency company, has failed to request a hearing to modify or vacate it. TSSB also notes that "the order does not provide for the payment of restitution to Bitconnect investors."
What are your thoughts on today's news tidbits? Tell us in the comments section.
Images courtesy of Shutterstock, HTP.
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A Russian Operation Is Mining Bitcoin in the Arctic Circle for Cheap Electricity
A Russian company is leveraging the Siberian city of Norilsk located above the Arctic Circle in order to mine bitcoins. Bitcluster, the owner of the crypto mining operation, plans to expand the firm's activities after launching the facility in late ... read more.
Paypal to Earn $2 Billion in Revenue From Its Bitcoin Business, Says Analyst
Grayscale's Michael Sonnenshein Says Institutional Investors 'Looking for Broad Exposure' as Company Raises $700 Million in One Day
Survey: The Number of US Financial Advisors Allocating to Crypto in Client Portfolios Jumped 49% in 2020
$100 Swaps: Ethereum Dex Volumes Saw $39 Billion Last Month Despite 'Insane' Trading Fees
Polkadot Flips XRP to Become the Fourth-Ranked Crypto After Price Spikes 100% in Less Than a Week
Crypto Prices Consolidate, Handful of Altcoin Markets Pop, Bitcoin Accumulation Addresses Rise


text:
Issue Published : Apr 1, 2018
Observation of Van Hove Singularities and Temperature Dependence of Electrical Characteristics in Suspended Carbon Nanotube Schottky Barrier Transistors
CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
Siyu Liu
Jean Pierre Nshimiyimana
Ya Deng
Xiao Hu
Xiannian Chi
Pei Wu
Jia Liu
Weiguo Chu
Lianfeng Sun
Corresponding Author: Lianfeng Sun
slf@nanoctr.cn
Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018), Article Number: 25
Article Published : Dec 13, 2017
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Authors Details
A Van Hove singularity (VHS) is a singularity in the phonon or electronic density of states of a crystalline solid. When the Fermi energy is close to the VHS, instabilities will occur, which can give rise to new phases of matter with desirable properties. However, the position of the VHS in the band structure cannot be changed in most materials. In this work, we demonstrate that the carrier densities required to approach the VHS are reached by gating in a suspended carbon nanotube Schottky barrier transistor. Critical saddle points were observed in regions of both positive and negative gate voltage, and the conductance flattened out when the gate voltage exceeded the critical value. These novel physical phenomena were evident when the temperature is below 100 K. Further, the temperature dependence of the electrical characteristics was also investigated in this type of Schottky barrier transistor.
1 A clear signature of VHSs in the conductance versus gate voltage was observed in Schottky barrier transistors with an individual suspended single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT).
2 Critical saddle points appear in regions of both positive and negative gate voltage, and the conductance flattens out when the gate voltage exceeds the critical value.
Carbon nanotube Van Hove singularities Schottky barrier transistors
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Author biographies are not available.
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Social Photo Contest: Are You #HappyInHagerstown?
If you're happy in Hagerstown (or any other places in Washington County), we want you to show us! Beginning on July 13, we want you to pull out your smartphones and starting showing us why you're #HappyInHagerstown. We don't care where you are. As long as the picture you share is a picture taken at some point while you were in Hagerstown, you can share it with us on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram using the contest hashtag #HappyInHagerstown for a chance to win!
The top winner of the contest will receive a CASH PRIZE of $500! The second-prize winner will receive $250, and third place will win $100.
From July 13 to August 7, we invite you to submit photos to the contest on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram using the #HappyInHagerstown hashtag. Facebook photos can be shared directly on our Facebook page. Twitter and Instagram submissions will automatically be entered into the contest when using the hashtag, but likes and shares of your photos on Facebook will help your chances of winning. Be sure to follow the Hagerstown Washington County Convention and Visitors Bureau on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to see some of our favorite submissions during the contest entry dates.
The CVB Selection Committee will share the top three contest winners on August 10. Quality of photo, content, social media engagement (number of likes, shares, etc.) and other factors will be taken into consideration to select winners. Be sure to like us on Facebook to know if your photo has been chosen as a winner!
Frames as seen on social media can added to photos, by request. Send jpg photos to betsy@visithagertown.com via email, and frame will be added, then sent back as a jpeg file.
Take a look below at some of the types of photos we want to see from you. Ready, set, start snapping and sharing!


Cells lining blood vessels in the lungs that are exposed to bacterial toxins don't die easy, according to a new study led by researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
When these blood vessel cells come into contact with bacterial toxins called lipopolysaccharides, an explosive form of cell death known as pyroptosis occurs. Pyroptosis is initiated by an enzyme called caspase-11 in mice, and caspases 4 and 5 in humans. Without these enzymes, pyroptosis cannot occur, making these caspases attractive targets for drugs that can prevent tissue damage caused by infections.
"There are multiple ways a cell can die," said Dr. Jalees Rehman, associate professor of medicine and pharmacology in the UIC College of Medicine and co-lead author on the paper published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. "In pyroptosis, cells go out with a bang."
Pyroptosis has only been documented in a few cell types, most notably in immune cells called macrophages. In pyroptosis, an external trigger activates caspases inside the cell, which in turn activate pro-inflammatory molecules called cytokines. As the cell membrane breaks down, the cytokines burst from the cell and signal to nearby immune cells to flock to the area to neutralize germs and prevent further damage. The word 'pyroptosis' is derived from the Greek word for fire.
Pyroptosis likely evolved as a useful alarm signal to amplify the inflammatory response by releasing potent cytokines in the setting of an infection. While the burst of cytokines help signal to nearby immune cells that a strong response is needed, in some severe infections cytokines released by pyroptosis can cause excessive tissue injury.
During a severe infection, bacteria that release lipopolysaccharides can enter the bloodstream. These infections are especially dangerous if they get into the blood vessels of the lungs. When large numbers of cells lining the blood vessels in the lungs come into contact with the bacterial toxins, the blood vessels become leaky and allow fluid to enter the lungs. This severe complication of bloodstream infections is called acute lung injury. Gas exchange in the lungs is severely compromised during acute lung injury, which is one reason for the high death rates of affected patients.
"Our work shows that pyroptosis of endothelial cells that line blood vessels may be one of the reasons why bacterial infections can cause such severe injury to the lung in some patients," said Asrar Malik, Schweppe Family distinguished professor and head of pharmacology in the UIC College of Medicine and co-lead author on the paper.
Approximately 200,000 people in the U.S. experience acute lung injury each year, and up to 30 to 40 percent of all cases can be fatal. The current standard treatment is supportive care, such as artificial ventilation.
The researchers observed that mice injected with lipopolysaccharide or bacteria that release lipopolysaccharides had very high mortality rates except for mice where the gene for caspase 11 had been deleted in blood vessel endothelial cells. These mice had much higher survival rates and less fluid in their lungs.
"Caspase-11 is clearly required for the activation of pyroptosis in the endothelial cells of mice," Rehman said. "Drugs that block this pathway or the corresponding human caspases 4 and 5 could help prevent or reduce the extent of lung injury."
Kwong Tai Cheng, Shiqin Xiong, Zhiming Ye, Zhigang Hong, Anke Di, Kit Man Tsang, Xiaopei Gao, Shejuan An, Manish Mittal and Stephen Vogel, of UIC, and Edward Miao of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, are co-authors on the paper.
This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01-HL45638, P01-HL60678, P01-HL077806, T32-HL007829, R01-HL118068, R01-HL90152, R01-AI097518, R01-AI119073, and the Yang Biomedical Scholars Award.


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...remain anon online as much as you can.
Or one day, the OB may knock on your door for wrongthink.
Police could have handled it better but I don't have much sympathy. The bits of the article that aren't faux outrage or the perpetrator giving a one-sided account of what happened suggest she involved herself in some quite nasty and calculated online abuse of someone purely because they are trans.
"Writing on online forum Mumsnet, ..."
No idea why J2 loved that forum so much. Cesspit, so it is.
then she's not exactly coming across as a victim here.
She sounds like the kind of person who if was on fire, deserves to have the flames put out with a Flymo.
Regardless of her views it's not necessary to harass someone online. I take it you share her views chicoazul? I have some sympathy for the view if i'm honest but there's simply no need for harassment and abuse. No reason not to treat the woman in question with respect regardless. I don't think you can apply broad beliefs about transgender issues to individuals. It just becomes needless abuse.
I wish you worked more on your aim.


Cut biscuit dough into quarters and bake according to package directions.
Pick over crabmeat and remove any cartilage.
Add the mustard the mayonnaise and mustard to the crab meat and mix thoroughly.
Slice each biscuit lengthwise, 3/4 of the way through, open and fill with about 1/2 tsp of the crab mixture.
Cut each slice of cheese into 1/8's, then top each biscuit with a piece of cheese.
Arrange biscuits on cookie sheets and cover with aluminum foil.
When ready to serve, put the covered biscuits in a 300 degree oven and bake until l the cheese melts and the crabmeat mixture is hot. About 20 minutes.