text:
Isn't it time for Spain to save the day in Western Sahara?
By: Deich Mohamed Saleh
Spain cannot remain on the sidelines of the drastic developments taking place on the grounds of its adjacent former colony of Western Sahara. It has been clear that Morocco aims to involve external powers in a geopolitical game to complicate the solution of the conflict. However, Spain's obligations as still administering power of the territory permit it to advocate for the implementation of international law to avoid any escalation in the region as well as to safeguard its interests.
A timely move aiming to push the Spanish government to comply with its obligations towards decolonizing Western Sahara, was signed by the majority of the political parties represented in the Spanish Senate on 10th March urging their government to "actively facilitate the achievement of a political solution to the conflict in Western Sahara." In a motion, promoted by the PNV Senator, Luis Jesús Uribe-Etxabarria, the groups underlined that the resolution of Western Sahara conflict "is essential for regional cooperation between the Maghreb countries and the stability, security and prosperity of the region." Several spokesmen of the groups confirmed the "historical responsibility" of the Government of Spain that it continues to be the administering power of Western Sahara as the UN considers it a non-self-governing territory pending decolonization, something that the Government of Spain has rejected repeatedly.
This initiative intersects with the constant calls of the Polisario front, as the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people, for the government of Spain to correct its historical mistake that has led to much suffering for the Sahrawi people for more than 45 years. In 1975, Spain was about to transfer all powers in the territory to the Polisario on the basis of an agreement between them. In contrast, Spain stabbed the Sahrawi people in the back by agreeing with the Kingdom of Morocco to invade Western Sahara, in flagrant violation of international law and resolutions of the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity, the predecessor of the African Union. Nevertheless, the Polisario Front continued to welcome any initiative on the part of Spain that would advance the decolonization process in Western Sahara.
The motion "recognizes that Spain has a historical and affective link in the political conflict in Western Sahara", therefore it "asks the Spanish Government to actively support and facilitate in the UN, the EU and the rest of international organizations a political solution in accordance with International Law and UN resolutions."
While the Senators called for the "resumption of permanent, credible and constructive talks under the leadership of the United Nations," they underlined the need of an "effective road map, with concrete objectives and clear deadlines." They are convinced that "only dialogue, negotiation and agreement carried out in good faith and in a constructive manner, in accordance with International Law and UN resolutions, are the only way to achieve peace, coexistence, trust, security and economic and social progress in the region."
The recognition of the political groups in the Senate that Spain's responsibility lies in empowering the Sahrawi people with their inalienable right to self-determination, an issue that should be evident in the Spanish political discourse, both externally and internally. The Spanish government still insists on ignoring this responsibility, throwing the ball vaguely at the UN's goal. Foreign Minister Arancha Gonzalez Laya turned her back on these voices by simply saying to questioning in the Spanish Senate that "Spain will not promote a concrete solution, but to support the United Nations efforts to find a mutually acceptable solution." It seems that Spain, as usual, is barely talking about the Western Sahara so that Paris and Rabat do not get angry!.
The Sahrawi people are tired of waiting for a referendum that the United Nations does not seem intent on organizing. The UN has not yet condemned Morocco's violation of ceasefire in Guerguerat on last November 13th, which is understood as a kind of collusion against the rights of the Sahrawi people. No doubt that the escalation may claim many lives and will have repercussions for the region, but it may be better than a slow and ruthless death awaiting the mirage of a political solution.
Morocco failed to prove its claims over Western Sahara, so it resorted to bartering, hoping that would help delay its imminent departure. Its deal of December 10th with the US Trump's administration to recognize its sovereignty over the territory has no legal effect, but only to outbid the European Union's position and blackmail Spain in particular to take a vile step like the one it did in 1975. The current Moroccan-German diplomatic crisis comes within the framework of an extortion plan pursued by Morocco to impose its thesis. But Germany persists in defending the implementation of international legality in Western Sahara and criticizes Trump's decision.
There is a clear intention on the part of Morocco to restrict Spain, not only through waves of illegal migration or drug gangs but also by changing the nature of partnership in the region on(in) order to tighten its control on both sides of the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Thus, the Kingdom of Morocco mortgages Western Sahara to countries such as Israel and the UAE in exchange for its protection.
In this context, the Spanish government must open its eyes well and release itself from the nightmare of the ever-haunting French-Moroccan fear. Both neighbors took advantage of Spain's vulnerability in 1975 during the death of General Franco and the transition period to compel the then government to abandon Western Sahara, leaving behind the incomplete decolonization process of the territory. But things have changed. There is no excuse for Spain now for not to stand with the Sahrawi people in their liberation struggle of territories occupied by Morocco.
Portugal's experience in East Timor is a real example for Spain to adapt to save the situation in Western Sahara, given that the two issues are similar. The Sahrawi people are in dire need of a loud cry on the part of the government of Spain in order to accelerate the referendum on self-determination to avoid the tragedy of the war that has broken out again, which undoubtedly will have very serious repercussions on the whole region of North Africa and the Sahel. Spain is called upon to intervene quickly to protect Sahrawi civilians who are subjected to unprecedented brutal repression in the occupied territories of Western Sahara, like the case of Sultana Sid Brahim Khaya and her family. Also, the Spanish government is called upon to save the life of the Saharawi journalist in prisoner, Mohamed Lamin Haddi, who faces the risk of death as a result of his hunger strike in protest against ill-treatment in Moroccan prison of Teflet2.
There is no need to remind the peoples, political parties and the Spanish government, by virtue of their close coexistence, that the Sahrawi people are peaceful and keep their good neighbors, because they know this very well. But the Kingdom of Morocco has been always the source of all misfortunes, and it is the reason behind the instability in the region. In this case, taking the stick from the middle is the most dangerous position anyone can take, as it is the case for the Spanish government.
There are many factors that may help Spain playing a pivotal role in resolving the Western Sahara issue:
1. The broad international support for the application of international legality in Western Sahara, accompanied by strong criticism of Trump's decision of his last days in office.
2. The force of law, as the European Court of Justice has repeatedly renewed its judgments in conformity with the UN Charter and resolutions and the advisory opinions of both the International Court of Justice in 1975 and the UN Under Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, Hans Corell, in 2002. The ECJ concluded that the Kingdom of Morocco and the Western Sahara are two separate territories.
3. That the people of Western Sahara have been able to stand up to all attempts aiming to circumvent their legitimate rights. Recently, they celebrated the 45th anniversary of the proclamation of the SADR (Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic) on light of great gains, on top of which is the irreversible reality of the Sahrawi state, which enjoys a prestigious position within the African Union.
There is no doubt that an independent state on the other side of the Atlantic will enhance Spain's interests, as it will be the primary beneficiary of Western Sahara post-conflict. Most of the challenges facing Spain, especially those related to national security, migration and fishing, will disappear with an independent state in that territory. It is high time for the government of Spain to announce its support to the legitimate struggle of the people of Western Sahara for self-determination and independence. Spain would then have paved the way for the complete decolonization of its former colony.
Deich Mohamed Saleh
mohcheij[at]yahoo.es
Deich Mohamed was the Office's Chief of late President Mohamed Abelaziz and former Ambassador to Zimbabwe.
Isn't it time for Spain to save the day in Western...
Marruecos: fastuosidad, miseria y engaños


While you're out and about doing your festive shopping this weekend why not pop into Boots and grab yourself this great offer from Dove. They've teamed up with Nails Inc for the second time this year to offer an even better deal than before – all you have to do is spend over £6 on Dove products and you get a brill set of two polishes absolutely free! The shades are called Pink Fizz and Mulled Wine (how very appropriate) and are perfect for the party season. The offer runs until 27th December, but I'm sure after a few days it'll be more and more difficult to get your hands on these hot pots – move quickly!


Katie Carver is now married to Jeff Ragsdale, and this will be her first Christmas ever on Rockhaven Island.
However, a blizzard hits the island at the start of the season. Then come the rock-filled snowballs and a visit to the emergency room, as well as a fire at the Town Gazebo.
About the time Katie thinks she has everything under control, morning sickness hits. How will she ever manage the Christmas banquet? Everyone in town has been invited.
Then she has the children's Christmas play to organize, and she wonders if the live nativity scene will fall apart as well.
Her good friend Winnie Catron volunteers to step in and help out, but when her friend abandons her to stay with Katie's elderly cousin, things become an avalanche of errors.
It's a long-lost friend from a decade before showing up on Christmas day that tells Katie God is still in control. As her husband tells her, "On Rockhaven Island, everyone gets all their Christmas wishes, every one."


It's a steep descent into Minneapolis's cheapest park, more than twenty-five feet down from the street. And it contains no river or creek bed; at least there's no water in it anymore. It's a huge bowl full of wild greenery one block west of West River Parkway and East 34th Street. There are many little parks in Minneapolis that no one but neighbors really knows about, like the triangles I wrote about earlier this summer. But this park covers more than two acres, more than half the size of a typical city block. And the only evidence that the park board has ever spent a penny on the interior of the park is the dreaded orange paint ring around the tree trunk in the picture: a park board forester has been here. Someone is watching.
Seven Oaks Oval has to be the cheapest park in the city measured by the cost-per-acre to acquire and maintain the property during its life as a park. Seven Oaks Oval officially became a park in 1922, at least that's when the park board accepted the property as a park. Park board proceedings claim it was platted as a park in the original plat of Seven Oaks River Lots in 1913, but that plat already shows up with a park in the middle on the 1903 plat map of the city. Regardless, it cost the park board nothing to acquire.
A young woman, maybe a phantom, darted through the green and disappeared.
The year the park was acquired, 1922, was such a busy one at the Minneapolis park board that the acquisition wasn't even mentioned in the park board's annual report for the year. Park superintendent Theodore Wirth included a modest plan for the park in the 1928 annual report, a few criss-crossing paths and two campfire sites for the Boy Scouts and Campfire Girls, but nothing ever came of it. Perhaps the park board placed the boulders in a small bit of grass border around the bowl, but what they cost to place there might have been the only money ever spent on the park beyond mowing the thin fringe of grass beside the curb.
It seems a place to exercise the imagination, a kind of spooky hideaway, the kind of I-dare-you place kids tell their visiting cousins scary stories about. When I visited, old branches had been stacked to form a crude shelter halfway down the hill, a pirate's lair or the shelter of a shipwrecked sailor. I'm sure once inside that one would hear lions or tigers sniffing about the entrance. Perhaps someone who lived in the neighborhood can provide an account of the odd park. I'd love to know more. If any geologist out there could explain this topographical oddity to me, I'd also appreciate that.
What I know for sure is that Seven Oaks Oval is one of only two park properties named for shapes that don't have angles. The other is Caleb Dorr Circle on the east end of the Franklin Avenue Bridge. Ironically, Caleb Dorr Circle has for many years actually been a triangle. There used to be other ovals and circles, but they've been lost to streets and traffic.
By my last count there are 33 "triangles" and 7 "squares" remaining in the Minneapolis park system. The squares are nearly evenly distributed throughout the city. How many can you name?
« Yes, there was a Clarence Triangle.
I grew up in the area, us kids in the neighborhood would often grow bored during various times of the year and somebody would suggest heading down to "The Oval." Before I was a teenager, we'd play amongst the trees and brush and as teenagers it would be an after-dark gathering place. I remember we'd play games like "Sixty" or a game we made up in the 1980's we called "Rambo," named after the Sly Stallone franchise movies. Every couple of years I'd take a slight detour off the River Road to swing by, stop for a moment and reminisce fondly about those days.
Thanks, Derick. A great place for creative play.
I, too, grew up by the "Oval." My understanding is that it was a collapsed sink hole. Our home on Edmund Blvd. did have a cave underneath it. We've seen a map and know how far the cave extends. Also, "back in the day", my brother would bounce his basketball in our unfinished basement (concrete floor) and our next door neighbor could hear the bouncing basketball in their house!
Thanks, Jo. Must have been hard to keep secrets!
According to a neighbor who grew up here in the 1930's , there was an additional sink hole on the northeast corner of 47th Ave and 34th St. It was filled in the 1930's and the two houses that stand there now were erected on the site. At one point these holes were part of the Mississippi River system and connected to the river via a cave. The cave still exists. There is an access door in the road on West River Parkway below the stone wall at 34th St. but it is sealed shut. Allegedly, the cave goes back 800 ft from the river bluff towards the sink holes.
I grew up in the neighborhood in the 60's. We simply called it "the Oval". It was a great playground with great hiding places. It was a wonderful place for little imaginations to run wild!
Thanks for the info Tim and Michael.
It's a sinkhole. A cave collapsed.
Oh, no! You let out one of our neighborhood secrets! We often swing on the ropes hanging from the trees and explore the stick forts; in the winter there are some (kind of scary) sled runs down the hills, and it's a great place to practice hill climbing in snowshoes.
My wife, who is a water resource engineer, tells me that this is the site of a cave collapse, and that there are networks of caves under the neighboring houses. It's basically a sink hole, and undesirable for much use beyond its current state (you nail it perfectly as the "I-dare-you place kids tell their visiting cousins scary stories about"). Every neighborhood should have a neglected piece of wasteland around which imaginations can weave terrible tales.


Improve performance and thrive in tough economic times with leadership books, articles, customized workshops and management retreats from Jim Clemmer.
Change Is A Small Business Certainty - Embrace It!
Change is something that any small business is always certain about. Change can either be dreaded or embraced by the small business.
If you run a small business, does this scenario ring a bell? You get up, rush through your morning routine and hurry to the office.
So you want to leave your job and start up a business of your own? Two vital elements are bound to be Money and Time.
There just isn't enough time in the day to do everything that needs doing without a support team, both at home and in business.


Get cheap home insurance in Hurleyville, NY within minutes. Enter your Zip and we will locate the top-recommended home insurance carriers in your area. Homeowners insurance in Sullivan doesn't have to be expensive. If you shop with us, you can compare multiple options and save hundreds of dollars on your annual premium.
With that said, not all insurance policies provide the same level of protection. Here are a few things you should keep in mind when comparing your Hurleyville home insurance options.
You never actually know just how a lot insurance you need or what you need it to include in your residence right up until you examine the complete policy. Prior to you do decide on a coverage, nevertheless, make confident that you read the suggestions offered to you in this report. They will aid you out in producing an knowledgeable determination.
Reduced your yearly residence insurance policy premiums by increasing your deductible. The higher the deductible, the much less you spend. Even although you will be stuck with footing the invoice for smaller sized difficulties you might face, it is really worth it in the prolonged run. Insurance coverage organizations tend to raise a homeowner's premium following any declare they make, no matter how small.
The ideal homeowner's insurance policies in the entire world may contain provisions that call for you to preserve your property in functioning order. You ought to scrutinize it to see how significantly normal servicing you are required to do on your home in order to be sure that all contingencies are covered. Otherwise, you could finish up possessing a protection-associated circumstance you weren't aware of, since the plan specified you required to preserve that specific element of your home in great doing work order in purchase to file a claim.
Install a security technique to assist reduced your homeowner's insurance quality by five%. Your safety method need to be viewed over by a central station or tied immediately to your local law enforcement station, in buy to get this price cut. Your insurance agent will want to see evidence that your protection method is getting monitored.
You may consider you do not stay close adequate to a physique of h2o to have to fret about flood insurance...but believe again. Ahead of you make a decision you will not want it, evaluate the flood risk for your geographical location. You will be surprised at the unexpected elements of the place which have experienced floods in the previous 12 months or two, and if you live in or around on of these regions, flood insurance policy could be right for you. FEMA.gov is 1 web site that gives info on flood pitfalls for all elements of the U.S.
If you own your residence outright, you may get pleasure from decrease insurance policy premiums. You need to discover a significantly lowered top quality. This is because insurance coverage firms assume that if the home is paid for you will care for your property hence, reducing statements.
If you have hearth insurance policy and a hearth takes place in your home, damage to your landscaping is normally coated. Many people do not know this and end up having to shell out their landscape damages by themselves. Even so, most insurance policy companies will not shell out more than five hundred pounds for every tree or shrub.
Check any policy that you are fascinated in for a "guaranteed substitution worth" and only accept the deal if it is relevant. This guarantee stops your missing house from becoming replaced with a cellular property. It will enable you to rebuild a similar property in the occasion that your property is wrecked and should be rebuilt.
If your homeowner's plan has been in influence for 3 several years or more, it is time to evaluation your protection. Due to modifying industry circumstances and substitution charges, you want to be specified you have ample insurance coverage in the occasion of loss or damage to your property. You need to think about the cost of perhaps rebuilding your home and be particular you have ample protection to consider care of that.
As mentioned before, residence homeowners insurance is a sort of protection that each house owner need to have. The insurance policy handles property harm this sort of as fire and other house connected incidents, such as theft. Use the helpful ideas from the write-up previously mentioned when you are taking into consideration getting home proprietors insurance policies.


Miragliotta, Joseph - Allstate Insurance Company, Home & Property Insurance, listed under "Home & Property Insurance" category, is located at 4478 Weston Rd Davie FL, 33331 and can be reached by 9543497588 phone number. Miragliotta, Joseph - Allstate Insurance Company has currently 0 reviews.
Browse all Home & Property Insurance in Davie FL. Discover census data for Davie, FL.


Don't miss the WESG Canada Finals on December 2!
Winners of the USA National Finals will represent the USA at the WESG Grand Finals in Chongqing in March 2019.
The Finals, hosted live at Ultimate Media Ventures, and broadcast on Live.WorldGaming.com, will feature the two Players/Teams that qualified directly through the Online Qualifiers and the two additional Players/Teams that qualified during the Online Playoffs.
REGISTRATION FOR EACH GAME TITLE CLOSES AT THE START TIME OF ONLINE QUALIFIER B, OR WHEN ALL AVAILABLE SPOTS HAVE BEEN FILLED. ALL PRIZE VALUES LISTED ARE IN UNITED STATES DOLLARS (USD) AND, WHEN APPLICABLE, WILL BE DIVIDED EQUALLY BETWEEN ALL PARTICIPATING TEAM MEMBERS.
The World Electronic Sports Games ("WESG") in the USA consists of eight unique tournaments. The tournaments are open to legal residents of the USA who are at least 16. Tournament schedule and additional eligibility requirements, software, and account requirements, differ based on game title. Registration for the Online Qualifiers for each tournament begins on August 9, 2018 at 9:00 AM ET. Live Finals for each tournament to be held at Ultimate Media Ventures in Huntington Beach, California from November 9 - 11, 2018. Prizing for each tournament consists of a cash prize between $2,000–$20,000 USD and travel for the winner to attend and compete in the WESG Grand Finals in Chongqing, China, in 2019.


Flights between Peru and @destiantionCountryName are available here. Just pick your dates, compare prices and book with one of our trusted partners. Plan your vacation to Peru now, and check out the best deal for your flight to Cuzco. Book now with one of our trusted partners and save.


Features: Synthetic Hair with wefted cap.
The Supreme Wig by Revlon Wigs. This long wig cascades over the shoulder to an amazing length from the nape - 19.5" (49.5cms) It has been layered from the fringe to the edge of the base-line. A very modern fashion wig.


text:
Home Lifestyle The Ultimate Coffee Table Book on Formula 1
The Ultimate Coffee Table Book on Formula 1
George Ketsatis
A six-point safety harness wraps over your shoulders and between your legs, a head and neck brace clamps down your chest and ready for Formula 1? The world ahead is visible only above a rim at eye level; the world behind is seen only through two mirrors little bigger than cigarette boxes. The start lights begin to illuminate red, and when they extinguish, your life will enter another dimension: this is not a fighter jet or a spacecraft, you are on the starting grid of a Formula One track, strapped into the world's most technologically advanced racing car.
The turbocharged engine, with more than 1,000 horsepower, is about to kick you in the backside, hurtling to 100 kph in 2.5 seconds, careening toward the first corner of the track. For the average reader, even driving a single lap of a Grand Prix would be impossible. But for the world's twenty best racing drivers in the series' ten teams, it is a way of life that is extreme in almost every facet. Selected by veteran F1 journalist Brad Spurgeon, Formula 1: The Impossible Collection chronicles the milestones that lifted Formula One from a gentlemen's club in 1950 to a global sport with hundreds of millions of fans around the world, third in popularity only to the Olympics and World Cup soccer.
Highlighting exceptional technical innovations, remarkable drivers' achievements and exciting race finishes, this volume illuminates immortal names such as Juan Manuel Fangio, Jim Clark, Bruce McLaren, Enzo Ferrari, Colin Chapman, Bernie Ecclestone, Jackie Stewart, Niki Lauda, Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna, Jean Todt, Michael Schumacher and Lewis Hamilton, who recently made history tying Schumacher's championship titles and breaking his record of total career race victories.
"Assouline has revolutionized the
coffee-table book."
A spirited tribute to the sport and all those who have made it possible over the decades, this handcrafted Ultimate Collection volume dynamically illustrates that Formula One is far more than "cars going around in circles," it is the culmination of a passion that fires the mechanics, technicians, engineers and team directors behind the scenes, in addition to the drivers themselves, who are prepared to possibly pay the ultimate sacrifice to be part of its glorious history. Housed in a luxury clamshell case with a metal plaque, this spectacular tome is presented in a red canvas tote bag to preserve its craftsmanship.
Formula 1: The impossible collection
If you are interested in more lifestyle news click here.
Previous articleBugatti EB110 Takes Chequered Flag At Bonhams Zoute Sale
Next article1970 McLaren M8C CAN AM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


For something truly out of the ordinary we make our fleet of 3D printers available for your party or event. To be more transparent than we should be, we've only been hired twice to do so but both times our 3D printing lab was an enormous hit. We maintain the largest private 3D printing lab for kids in the state. This is a fleet of over 20 3D printing machines. We were first and foremost a 3D printing service way back in the day. 3D printing is in our blood.
As you consider what our 3D printing lab can do for your party or event, we find personalized name tags to be the most popular. We provide everything including PC's for each 3D printer so guests can see their designs real time. As you consider timing, we recommend you limit print times to between 15 & 20 minutes. Hence if you were to rent 10 3D printing stations we could produce between 30 to 40 prints per hour. Double that for 20 machines etc.
We can commit to 20 3D printing machines on short notice. With advance notice (one week) we can procure up to 50 3D printers for your party or event.
Please come back soon as we have a major upgrade to our onsite 3D printing lab service coming very soon.


text:
Trump taking campaign to Ilhan Omar's district with planned Minneapolis rally
President Trump's campaign announced it will hold a rally in Minneapolis next month in an attempt to flip the historically blue state in his favor ahead of the 2020 elections, a move that would take his "Keep America Great" message to the district of one of his most vocal critics in Congress, Rep. Ilhan Omar.
The announcement of the rally, set for Oct. 10 at the Target Center in Minneapolis, signaled Trump's determination to flip the state's 10 electoral votes which no Republican has won since then-President Richard Nixon took the state in 1972.
Trump came closest in 2016, falling short by roughly 45,000 votes to Hillary Clinton. He tweeted this past July, "because of American hating anti-Semite Rep. Omar, & the fact that Minnesota is having its best economic year ever, I will win the State!"
In 2016 I almost won Minnesota. In 2020, because of America hating anti-Semite Rep. Omar, & the fact that Minnesota is having its best economic year ever, I will win the State! "We are going to be a nightmare to the President," she say. No, AOC Plus 3 are a Nightmare for America!
Trump and Omar, one of the progressive Democrats in "The Squad," have been at loggerheads for months, with Trump calling Omar anti-Semitic for her critique of the U.S.-Israel alliance and her expressed support for Palestinians. She has denied being anti-Semitic. – READ MORE
Judicial Watch sues State Department for info on Bidens' dealings in Ukraine
House to Take Two-Week 'Recess' Vacation After Beginning 'Impeachment Inquiry'


I've lived in the country for a better part of my whole life. My fingernails have been caked with dirt, I've worn holes in the knees of my jeans, I've tried and failed at so many DIY projects I've lost count, a tube of lipstick has lasted for years, and still my favorite spot at the end of the day is anywhere I can watch the sunset sitting in a field of grass.
I've had so many things that I love about being a country girl that this little blog post couldn't begin to name them all. But, here are my top 8 things that make my heart skip a beat and proves to me every day that I LOVE living and BEING a country girl!
Freshly picked wildflowers are better than a dozen roses any day!
A front porch with a rocking chair is like a vacation to me.
The best farmers market is in my backyard.
My favorite muck boots are a pair of cowboy boots.
My fine china consists of mason jars.
Some of my best friends were hairy and they spit a lot…and I didn't mind.
A rooster crowing in the best concert I have ever attended.
I could go on forever! How about you…what are a few of your favorite country girl loves?
I love your list! Fresh picked flowers are one of my favourite things, I also love the smell of fresh cut hay. Our family is starting our homesteading journey this summer, and I will be able to list many more things after we get on our land.
What a great list, mine would be, spending over an hour just watching our little piglets play. Such fun, thank and blessings.
We spend hours watching our chickens so I get what you are saying about your piglets!
Although I am a country girl at heart, I don't currently live in the country – somewhere between country and city. Oh how I wish I could be that country girl once again.
Yep! I'm definitely one. Love freshly picked bouquets of wild flowers, the smell of fresh dirt and animals in the fields.
Great post! I grew up in what I like to call "Utter Suburbia" in the middle of the great state of NJ! But I'm a country girl and always have been! I fell in love with horses as soon as I knew what one was. I spent my childhood in the woods, streams and rivers near my home. I never liked blood sucking bugs, but other creepy crawlies have always fascinated me.
Now I live on a farm, surrounded by "Utter Suburbia" in the middle of NJ! But my 16 wooded acres suits me just fine! I have my horses, goats and chickens and a ton of wild life to boot!
What can be said when the Lord gives you everything you've ever desired? Thank you Lord! I love you!
Those alpacas are so darling.
My sweet hubby brings me wildflowers quite often during the summer. I love putting them in old blue jars. One of my favorite country things is listening to the night noises and stargazing in our dark skies. Wouldn't live anywhere else! Visiting from Roses of Inspiration.
You are a girl after my own heart, although I have never permanently lived in the country. I'm definitely NOT a city dweller and I guess you could say that my home is more on the country side, but if I had my way, we'd live out in the sticks! We had a cabin on top of a mountain in VA but had to sell last fall…I am still grieving a bitI love ALL of those things you beautifully illustrated above!!
Thank you for this lovely post today!
Tracy, I so enjoy your blog. I was always a country girl at heart but now in the flesh. We recently moved to NC and I'm loving it!
Oh, I loved your list! There is sweet joy in stting on the porch during the evening and watching the sun go down 🙂 And Mason jars are definitely a must in the kitchen…especially for using as drinking glasses.
It's always a joy to have you at Roses of Inspiration, lovely country lady 🙂 Enjoy your week. Hugs!
Your country girl list was perfect. I live in the mountains in a cabin nestled by the creek next to national forest, so no neighbors to speak of.
I'm not real sure I could live in the city or even a neighborhood for that matter.
I guess should God take me there I would survive.
I'm visiting you from my dear Stephanie's party, so nice to meet you.
Hi Tracy! I just wanted to let you know that this beautiful post was the most viewed last week and has been featured at Roses of Inspiration today. Thanks for sharing and enjoy your day! Hugs!
I agree so much with this. We also ahve 10 of these best friends, they don't spit at us, unless they are mad at one of the other alpacas. Great site. Glad I found it.
Our alpacas may spit a bit but they still make us laugh everyday and we find so much joy in them being a part of our farm.


text:
4th Workshop on Money, Macro and Finance in East Asia
"Money, Finance, and Banking in East Asia"
The 4th Workshop on "Money, Finance, and Banking in East Asia" took place from November 30-December 1, 2012 at the Deutsche Bundesbank Training Center, Eltville.
IMFS Summer Research Seminar in Financial Stability: Vikrant Vig
"The Failure of Models That Predict Failure: Distance, Incentives and Defaults"
IMFS Summer Research Seminar in Financial Stability on "The Failure of Models That Predict Failure: Distance, Incentives and Defaults" given by Vikrant Vig (London Business School)
Vikrant Vig is Chaired Associate Professor of Finance (with tenure) at London Business School. He holds a Ph.D. in Finance (2008) from the Graduate School of Business of Columbia University. His research has been published or is forthcoming in top scientific journals such as the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the Journal of Finance, the Journal of Monetary Economics, the Review of Financial Studies and the Journal of Financial Economics. He has won several best paper awards. His paper with Ben Keys, Tanmoy Mukherjee and Amit Seru has already had a significant impact on the field.
The Failure of Models That Predict Failure (1.64 MB)
IMFS Summer Research Seminar in Financial Stability: Tobias Adrian
"Intermediary Leverage Cycles and Financial Stability"
IMFS Summer Research Seminar in Financial Stability on "Intermediary Leverage Cycles and Financial Stability" given by Tobias Adrian.
Tobias Adrian is Vice President in the Capital Markets Function of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a research fellow at CEPR (London) and has taught as visiting professor at the Bendheim Center for Finance at Princeton University. His research has been published in top scientific journals such as the Journal of Finance, the Journal of Financial Economics and the Review of Financial Studies. His work with Hyun Shin and Markus Brunnermeier has already had a major impact on the field of financial stability.
Intermediary Leverage Cycles and Financial Stability (1.71 MB)
Prof. Tobias Tröger, Goethe University
"Organisationsentscheidungen von Banken bei grenzüberschreitender Tätigkeit"
On May 9, 2012 Prof. Dr. Tobias Tröger, Chair of Private Law, Trade and Business Law, Jurisprudence, Goethe University, talked about "Organisationsentscheidungen von Banken bei grenzüberschreitender Tätigkeit".
Prof. Richard Werner, University of Southampton
"Unorthodox Refinancing of Banks by the ECB"
On April 11, 2012 Prof. Richard Werner, D.Phil (Oxon), Chair in International Banking, Director, Centre for Banking, Finance and Sustainable Development; Director of International Development University of Southampton, UK gave a presentation "Unorthodox Refinancing of Banks by the ECB".
IMFS in the Media
all Media →


(Reuters) – Portions of TransCanada Corp's Keystone oil pipeline and Enbridge's Platte pipeline remained shut on Thursday for investigation of a leak in the St. Louis, Missouri, area, officials said.
TransCanada shut the Keystone pipeline down on Wednesday between Steele City, Nebraska and Patoka, Illinois and dispatched crews to assess the situation, company spokesman Terry Cunha said.
The 590,000 barrel-per-day Keystone pipeline is a critical artery taking Canadian crude from northern Alberta to U.S. refineries. Canadian pipelines are already congested, due to expanding production in recent years, forcing the Alberta provincial government to order production cuts starting last month.
Part of the Platte crude pipeline, operated by an Enbridge Inc affiliate, was also shut, while other sections were open as of Thursday afternoon, spokesman Devin Hotzel said.
The pipeline transports up to 164,000 bpd of crude oil from Casper, Wyoming, to Guernsey, Wyoming, and 145,000 bpd from Guernsey to Wood River, Illinois.
Canadian heavy oil has attracted greater demand in recent days due to U.S. sanctions against Venezuela's state oil company.
The discount on Canadian heavy crude compared to U.S. light oil widened to $10.25 per barrel on Thursday afternoon from $9.40 earlier, according to Net Energy Exchange.
TransCanada shares eased 0.4 percent to C$55.88 in Toronto while Enbridge shares slipped 0.4 percent to C$49.22.
A spokesman for the U.S. Department of Transportation's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration could not be immediately reached.
A Missouri Department of Natural Resources official said the source of the leak had not yet been identified and the quantity of oil from the release is still unknown.
"The release was contained to an area of approximately 4,000 square feet.. excavation of the containment area will begin soon or is already in progress," the official said in an email, adding that there are no reports of other pipelines affected or closed.


text:
Mihaliç can refer to:

 Mihaliç Peyniri, an aged sheep's milk cheese from Turkey
 Old name of Karacabey, a town in northwestern Turkey

See also
 Mihalić (disambiguation)
 Mihalıççık, town in central Turkey

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Parenting is a full time job. There are difficult times, but the perks of kisses, unending love and pride makes parenting worth all the ups and downs. It is time for parents to understand that becoming their child's friend is very important. You can teach your child various life lessons easily.
If you are soon going to be parents for the first time, then these tips will surely be helpful.
Effective communication is essential. Talk to your child about everything and you'll see what a big difference it makes. Whether it is small things like how was your day or bigger things like teaching them the manners, talking to children always helps.
If you punish your child on rude behavior, it is important that you reward them for doing good. This would encourage them to show good behavior always.
Be consistent with discipline. If you have set limits and rules for your child, make sure he/she adheres to them. You can have a system like – first warning, consequences, and lastly time-out.
Take time out for your kids. Not having time for your kids is something unacceptable. Dedicate some kids' time every day. It can have simple activities like you reading them a story, going for stroll together, playing indoor or outdoor games, or anything that your child likes. This quality time will only strengthen your bond.
Be a good role model for your children. Your children look up to you all the time, so you need to set a great example. Be it good behavior or character, be aware that you are being constantly watched by your children.
Adjustment is the key. It is important to have rules, but it is all the more important to be flexible with your kids.
Focus on your child's feelings and emotions rather than your own during a conversation.
Make your child understand that they can have an opinion, but putting it forward in a balanced way is of utmost importance.
Hoping these tips help you in your parenting journey and your child can proudly say 'I have the best parents in the world'.


The sanctuary and its mountain temples, Banteay Kdei.
Sculptures in the roots, Banteay Kdei.
Gopura decorated incarnations of the Buddha faces, Banteay Kdei.
Close-up on a face of the Buddha on a gopura, Banteay Kdei.
Fourth wall speaker and gopura, Banteay Kdei.
Lintel of the central door of the gopura, 3rd enclosing wall, Banteay Kdei.
Devata face very typical, Banteay Kdei.
Devatas carved on an outside wall, Banteay Kdei.
Cheese giant invading the site, Banteay Kdei.
Celestial nymphs around a window, Banteay Kdei.
Gable roof on a building, Banteay Samre.
Carved musicians, fragment, Banteay Samre.


text:
'Fundamental shift' in biologic packaging to 'revolutionize' COVID-19 vaccine delivery
Jurata Thin Film is bringing to market its technology, which allows biologics and vaccines to be packaged, shipped, and stored at room temperature for extended periods of time. MSI-TX Thin Film enables up to 500 doses of a vaccine to be placed on a single wafer-thin 8.5 -11-inch (216 x 280mm) sheet of film, weighing just 5g. It contains a proprietary surfactant-stabilized cellulose matrix material, which was developed at Texas University College of Pharmacy in Austin, Texas, USA.
The film allows the same amount of vaccine, or other biologics, to be delivered at room temperature in less than 1% of packaging volumes than presently required, claims Jurata. The technology would remove the need for specialized storage containers and cold storage requirements for biologics as well as mass quantities of glass vials, it says. First published in 2015 by Maria Croyle, RPh, PhD, the film, transfer process, and reconstitution process have been fully tested and are ready for commercial use.
According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), it is estimated that delivery of one dose of COVID-19 vaccines to the world's 7.8 billion people will require 8,000 jumbo jet cargo planes. With most vaccines under development as a two-dose regimen, this would bring that total to 16,000 jets. According to Croyle, MSI-TX Thin Film can deliver the same amount of vaccine with just 4 jets.
The technology represents a fundamental shift in biologic packaging and storage technology that removes the need for specialized storage containers and -80º C (-140º F) freezers that today are required to ship and store biologics, according to the Jurata. If the biopharma industry embraces and successfully integrates the technology into its manufacturing and finishing processes, the result will be accelerated delivery and access to vaccines for COVID-19 and other diseases, it says.
"This is truly groundbreaking technology that can fill a critical need to meet the packaging and distribution challenges for COVID-19 vaccines," said Dr Croyle. "8,000 uncut sheets of the film can hold more than four million vaccine doses, which can be distributed in envelopes through standard shipping methods to anywhere in the world and stored in a two-drawer filing cabinet."
Films can be produced at any size with a wide range of dosages to elicit the appropriate therapeutic effect. There is no loss in therapeutic potency of film stored at room temperature for up to three years; single dose solutions cut from film can be rehydrated in most widely used solutions in less than 15 minutes; after rehydration, the therapeutic remains stable for eight months at room temperature; it provides ≥90% viral payload even through multiple freeze/thaw cycles; and film stability and payload potency remain consistent at extreme temperatures.
"We are working to advance the commercial application of MSI-TX Thin Film and integrate it with manufacturing processes, thereby removing major supply chain and logistic challenges currently associated
Source : AIPIA Newsroom
Tags: Pharmaceutical


The successor to King Tar-Alcarin, who became the eighteenth ruler of Númenor. He was noted as a great military captain, who drove the forces of Sauron back into the east of Middle-earth. He was also the first King whose name is recorded with an Adûnaic equivalent, Ar-Belzagar, a sign of the ascendancy of the party of the so-called King's Men. There is some confusion over his successor. Earlier editions of The Lord of the Rings list the King following Tar-Calmacil as Ar-Adûnakhôr, but this may be due to an accidental omission, as evidence exists that Tar-Calmacil was in fact succeeded by his son Tar-Ardamin, and that Ar-Adûnakhôr was actually his grandson. This confusion has been resolved in later editions of the book, which insert Tar-Ardamin into the list.


Business discussions around cloud computing are increasingly focused on the idea of a hybrid cloud strategy. Instead of plans to move all data and applications to a cloud platform or to maintain an on-site data center strategy only, a hybrid of the two approaches is becoming a top consideration for many organizations. The trend toward hybrid adoption was evident at the 2014 New York Cloud Expo, where a majority of attendees confirming they are implementing a hybrid strategy and Amazon Web Services revealing its new cloud computing service.
It is clear that a hybrid cloud solution is becoming a popular choice for companies, but is it the best choice? Is there growth potential further than the current trend, or is this a phase that is a bridge to an all-cloud trend for business? A close examination does show an upward trend in hybrid cloud adoption, and experts are advocating the approach. The hybrid model seems to be what organizations want in security and flexibility for their computing.
It is also important to note that attendees not currently implementing a hybrid cloud strategy did not necessarily rule out the possibility. In fact, 31 percent of them said they did not know their organization's current business plan for data or that a plan had not been decided. It is possible that these organizations will eventually choose a hybrid strategy, representing a opportunity for significant growth potential in hybrid cloud computing.
Discussions about cloud computing have been a regular part of business strategy since Amazon Web Services expanded to EC2, allowing small businesses to take advantage of cloud computing to run applications. Google shows a major uptick in cloud computing trends toward the end of 2007. By 2009 AWS had added more manageability, load balancing, and the auto scalability that is still the preferred standard for cloud services.
Technology professionals have been working toward cloud computing since the idea of shared utilities in the 1960s and Grid computing in the 1990s. Experts have worked toward what is now referred to as the cloud because it is a solution to many of the issues with exclusive on-site data centers. However, many technology experts do not advocate a reliance on an exclusive cloud strategy, either. A look at the advantages of both methods shows how a balance between the two can benefit organizations.
Hybrid solutions combine the security and control of on-site data centers with the scalability and reduced cost of the cloud. This ability to comply with regulations or sensitive data requirements while managing costs and effort is why IT professionals recommend hybrid cloud strategies.
Data Location: Some companies can trust data security in their own data center, but cannot expand to accommodate computing power requirements. Data could securely stay on-site, and computing could take place in the cloud.
Testing: Companies that are unsure if cloud computing will work for their business could maintain on-site data centers while testing business scenarios in the cloud to see what functions work best on-site and what performs in the cloud.
Temporary Use: Instead of investing capital into expanding on-site data centers for a temporary or periodic need, businesses could implement cloud computing.
Geographic Necessity: While on-site data centers may be preferable or even required by law in some areas, other branch locations may not have such preferences or requirements and could use cloud storage.
Redundancy: Using a cloud solution for back up could create an additional safety net.
The article also advocates a hybrid solution for pricing systems and reducing costs. Using a hybrid cloud platform allows organizations freedom to innovate without costly on-site expansion.
Continuing the trend toward hybrid cloud services, Amazon Web Services revealed a new business collaboration cloud service at the recent AWS Summit. The enterprise storage and sharing service is called Zocalo. Businesses can implement Zocalo to allow easy document sharing among employees from a centralized cloud storage space. However, IT administrators can control the location where the data is stored.
Authorized users can preview and comment on MS Office files, PDFs, web pages, images, and text files through Zocalo.
IT administrators can integrate Zocalo into existing corporate directories.
IT administrators control the flexibility of the sharing policy for documents and can monitor audit logs.
Contributors to documents stored on Zocalo can be alerted to user comments, changes, and deadlines.
Users can access documents stored on Zocalo through a web browser or a Zocalo app.
Each user is allotted 200 GB.
Zocalo is still in limited release, but as another competitor for cloud storage services and cloud collaboration services, it confirms the upward potential growth for using hybrid cloud services.
The Cloud Expo and AWS Summit along with IT expert recommendation indicate an upward trend in hybrid cloud implementations. The hybrid solution is not just a trend in business strategy discussion. Hybrid implementations are planned or are in progress in organizations right now, providing both security and flexibility for business computing.


text:
After a TKE song book surfaced, UNR investigated the frat for promoting violence against women
The fraternity is on probation following an investigation into a song book given to pledges that promoted violence
After a TKE song book surfaced, UNR investigated the frat for promoting violence against women The fraternity is on probation following an investigation into a song book given to pledges that promoted violence Check out this story on rgj.com: https://www.rgj.com/story/news/education/2019/01/18/unr-puts-tke-probation-until-2022/2618116002/
Siobhan McAndrew, Reno Gazette Journal Published 4:09 p.m. PT Jan. 18, 2019 | Updated 4:16 p.m. PT Jan. 18, 2019
Tau Kappa Epsilon at the University of Nevada, Reno is on probation until Jan. 22, 2022 following a two-month investigation into a song book published by the fraternity that promoted violence toward women and other fraternities.
In a statement Friday, UNR said the fraternity is on probation starting Tuesday and ending Jan. 22, 2022.
Tau Kappa Epsilon house on University Terrace, Feb. 14, 2018. (Photo: Andy Barron/RGJ)
The fraternity is also banned from hosting events with alcohol during probation.
The fraternity will not be able to recruit new members until Dec. 22, 2019.
The fraternity also faces discretionary sanctions that will include education on sexual harassment and assault, hazing and substance abuse.
According to UNR, TKE has 10 days to accept the resolution or request a hearing.
The song book was first reported on by The Nevada Sagebrush, the UNR student newspaper.
The student newspaper reported that the document was addressed to pledges, those who are vying to be part of the fraternity, and that songs make references to drinking, sexual misconduct and assault.
"Circumcise a Sig Ep with a jagged piece of glass/ Ram a rusty bayonet up a Phi Delt's [a**]," says the lyrics to one of the songs, "Apollo's Raiders."
There were nine songs according to a printout obtained by the Reno Gazette Journal.
Titles included:
Apollo's Raiders
Drunk Last Night
Get Your Girlfriend
Three Whores from Tri-Delt
Yo Ho
TKE Sweetheart Song
Read or Share this story: https://www.rgj.com/story/news/education/2019/01/18/unr-puts-tke-probation-until-2022/2618116002/


text:
Jonas Brothers Family Roast (2021)
Joe Jonas got his start as the frontman for the Grammy-nominated, multi-platinum selling group, Jonas Brothers, which quickly grew into one of the highest-grossing bands in music history.
Beyond his career in music, Joe has appeared in guest-starring roles on TV Land's "Hot in Cleveland" and The CW's "90210", and has earned his comedic bonafides with quick-witted posts to his nearly eight million social media followers.
Recently, Joe made a name for himself in the fashion world, co-hosting Fashion Rocks Live and serving as a contributor for New York Magazine's The Cut, GQ and Nylon Guys.
This summer, Joe will co-star in NBC's highly anticipated variety series, "I Can Do That," hosted by Marlon Wayans and co-starring Cheryl Burke, Nicole Scherzinger, Ciara, Jeff Dye and Alan Ritchson.
Joe was born in Casa Grande, Arizona, to Denise (Miller), a teacher and singer, and Paul Kevin Jonas, a musician and former ordained minister. He has German, English, Scottish, Irish, Italian/Sicilian (from a great-grandfather), and French-Canadian ancestry.
BornAugust 15, 1989
Disney Channel Stars, Then and Now
Sofia Carson, Keke Palmer, Nick Jonas, and more Disney Channel stars, then and now.
See the full gallery
Shane Gray
Joe Lucas
The King of Staten Island
Soundtrack("Cake by the Ocean")
Soundtrack("Time for Me to Fly")
Music Department2
Soundtrack82
King of the Golden Sun
Las Vegas Performer
Marty Goode
Kygo Feat. DNCE: Dancing Feet
Joe Jonas (as DNCE)
Jonas Brothers: Who's in Your Head
Marshmello x Jonas Brothers: Leave Before You Love Me
Dash & Lily
Joe Jonas (uncredited)
Jonas Brothers Feat. Karol G: X
Jonas Brothers: What A Man Gotta Do
Pop Songs World 2020
Jonas Brothers (as Jonas Brothers)
Thomas Wesley & Jonas Brothers: Lonely
El Hormiguero: Vacaciones en el Titanic
Jonas Brothers: Only Human
Sebastián Yatra, Daddy Yankee, Natti Natasha Feat. Jonas Brothers: Runaway
composer: theme "Live to Party"
composer: "Why"
composer: theme "Live to Party"/"Skandinavia" ...
Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience
songs orchestrator
Becoming A Popstar
Moments Between the Moments
Jonas Brothers Family Roast
Star Siblings: Famous Brothers and Sisters
Take a look at some of our favorite celebrity siblings, including Toby Sebastian and Florence Pugh, and Bill and Alexander Skarsgård.
The Cast of 'Devotion' Shares What It Takes to Portray Wartime Pilots
Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience -- "SOS" Clip
Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience -- "Pushing Me Away" Clip
Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience -- "Cut to the Chase" Clip
Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience -- "Burning Up" Clip
Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam - Extended Edition
Jonas: Vol. 2
Big Star Magazine Page
Casa Grande, Arizona, USA
Sophie TurnerMay 1, 2019 - present (2 children)
Willa Jonas
Kevin Jonas(Sibling)
TV commercial for Acuvue contact lenses.
Favorite actresses are Natalie Portman and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan.
Sometimes the only way to win is to die trying.
Bushy eyebrows
DJ Danger


text:
The Inverse Review
M3GAN is a perfectly programmed campy horror hit — with one small flaw
M3GAN gatekeeps, gaslights, and girlbosses her way to horror icon status.
Hoai-Tran Bui
It was a viral dance seen around the world — and the making of a horror icon.
From the moment that M3GAN twirled, twerked, and cartwheeled her way toward one of her many bloody kills in the latest Blumhouse movie, it was clear: campy horror is in a new era, and it is thriving. M3GAN, directed by Gerard Johnstone from a screenplay by Akela Cooper and a story by Cooper and James Wan, picks up the bonkers, go-for-broke absurdity of Wan's own Malignant and runs with it. But where Malignant so precariously balanced its wildly diverging tones to the point that people were unsure whether to scream or laugh, M3GAN is made to be memed. It's woven into the viral dance scene, into one impeccably ludicrous needle drop, and into the scarily realistic face of the murderous doll — which, for some reason, every character just accepts as normal, or even cute.
But beneath the ridiculous antics of its uncanny-valley villain and Black Mirror-knockoff plot lies a surprisingly touching story about grief and family bonds. And even deeper beneath that is a movie where a killer robot rips off a child's ear.
M3GAN and her best friend, Cady. Universal Pictures
M3GAN is set in a world where toy companies have reached the bleeding edge of scientific innovation, which, in the case of the most popular product from the leading toy company Funki, is a Furby-like doll that can poop on command with the help of an app. Cady (Haunting of Hill House's Violet McGraw, fast becoming one of the go-to horror child actresses) is one of the many happy owners of this doll, playing furiously with the app in the backseat of the car while her parents drive through a snowstorm. When the poop sound effects get on her mother's nerves, the toy is taken away from Cady, who is on the verge of throwing a tantrum when a snow truck crashes into their car, killing Cady's parents instantly.
Cady's only guardian is Gemma (Allison Williams), her aunt and a roboticist at Funki working on an expensive personal project: the Model 3 Generative Android, aka M3GAN. Pressured by her boss (Ronny Chieng) for results and unsure how to help her grieving niece, Gemma accelerates the production of M3GAN, presenting it as the perfect companion for a developing child. Cady immediately takes this one-of-a-kind "toy," and Gemma is secretly relieved when M3GAN can stand in as both parent and grief counselor. But Gemma hadn't given much thought to how powerful M3GAN's AI technology is, and soon everyone learns … there's something wrong with M3GAN.
M3GAN is the fabulous next step in the killer doll genre. Universal Pictures
But the thing that's wrong with M3GAN is what makes M3GAN work so well. This is a movie that delivers exactly what's written on the tin. It's a movie that can be defined (and marketed by) a sinister dance scene and a one-sentence elevator pitch: perfect doll defies its programming to kill. There's no shortage of killer doll movies, but M3GAN sets itself apart from its predecessors by embracing the silliness of the premise and catering directly to the internet audience. M3GAN breaks out the millennial slang, plays pop songs that are immediately recognizable to the early aughts audience, and perfectly employs Allison Williams as our new-age social horror darling — a dash of her studied guilelessness of The Perfection, a sprinkle of her disarming ignorance in Get Out. Everyone, Williams especially, is on board for this movie's very specific tonal tightrope, giving as much serious thought to the campy, borderline comedic, scenes as they do the scares. Chieng borders a little too far into cartoony at points, but Williams and McGraw's strong emotional anchor at the center of the story makes up for it.
Perhaps the most pleasant surprise of M3GAN is the time it devotes to Cady's grief, and Gemma's inability to deal with it. At first glance, it's a narrative shortcut to get Gemma to build M3GAN, but upon deeper inspection, it's quite an affecting portrayal of the difficulties of parenthood and the potentially harmful effects of technology on child development. M3GAN becomes a crutch upon which Cady becomes dependent, even addicted to, to the point that Cady almost becomes as much of a problem as M3GAN herself. It's all a bit Psychology 101, but M3GAN treats these elements with the same sincerity that it treats both its comedy and its horror, lending the whole thing a little more heft.
Allison Williams and Violet McGraw are the unexpected heart of the movie. Universal Pictures
There is one big glaring missed opportunity, however. Some scenes, like the aforementioned ear-ripping scene, flirt with a more violent and grisly outcome, only to fall back into PG-13 territory. It makes one wonder how much more absurd and impactful M3GAN could have been if it just embraced an R-rating. Perhaps Blumhouse's goal is to deliver a new camp-horror classic on par with Malignant but more easily accessible to the masses. But one can only wistfully think of a version of the dance scene where M3GAN hacks and slashes her way through various body parts while she twerked. Maybe we can save that for the sequel.
M3GAN opens in theaters on January 6, 2023.


Children of all abilities need and benefit from sensory-based play. It allows them to connect ideas with concrete experiences, it stimulates the brain which helps strengthen neural pathways, and it helps develop fine and gross motor skills.
During the program, children move through different sensory stations with their caregiver. Grown-ups receive a handout detailing the instructions for each station, which matches it with a developmental goal and includes prompts to engage their children.


text:
\section{Introduction}

As the development of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computer \cite{preskil} has achieved a remarkable success in recent times, everyone has shown a striking interest to implement quantum algorithms, which give a potential speedup over their classical counterparts. With the growing quantum wave, there is a huge urge for implementing NP-complete problems on near term quantum devices. It would be helpful for any naive person, if we could provide them with an automated end-to-end framework for implementing an NP-complete problem so that they can easily map their computational problem without having much knowledge about  gate-based quantum circuit implementation. In this paper, we have focused on $k$-coloring problem.

\par  The $k$-coloring problem finds whether a given graph's vertices or nodes are properly colored or not using $k$ colors by taking into account that every two vertices linked by an edge have different colors. Suppose $n$ is the number of nodes of a given graph, $k$ is the number of colors, then to find the exact solution using a classical algorithm requires $O(2^{n*log k})$ number of steps. Whereas, using the decision oracle and the diffusion operator of  Grover's algorithm \cite{Grover's}, finding the exact solution requires $O\sqrt{N}$ number of iterations where $N$ is $2^{n*log k}$. Previously in \cite{amit} \cite{graph_color}, Graph coloring problem using Grover's algorithm has been discussed in the context of quantum system. But, in \cite{ibm_graphcolor} SAT reduction technique has been used to solve 3-coloring problem and gave an end-to-end framework for implementing it in the IBMQ quantum processor \cite{4}. For this SAT reduction technique, the qubit cost is immense, hence circuit cost becomes inefficient.

In this paper, we have proposed an automated qubit cost-efficient comparator-based approach to implement $k$-coloring problem for mapping high level description to any hardware-specific low-level quantum operations with an abstraction. The novelty of this paper is as follows:

\begin{itemize}
    \item We propose an end-to-end automated framework for $k$-coloring problem using quantum search algorithm, which takes graph and number of color ($k$) as input and automatically implements on the NISQ device.
    \item We propose a comparator-based approach to implement the $k$-coloring problem which has less qubit cost comparing to the state-of-the-art.
    \item The framework is designed in such a way that the Quantum solution of $k$-coloring problem can be mapped into any available NISQ devices, which makes our approach generalized in nature.
\end{itemize}

\par The structure of this paper is as follows. The synopsis of Grover's algorithm, Quantum circuits, and NISQ devices are described in section II. In section III, the proposed methodology has been discussed. The implementation of $k$-coloring problem has been illustrated in section IV. Concluding remarks appear in Section V.

\section{Background}

In this section, we have mainly described about quantum circuit, Grover's algorithm and finally NISQ devices.

\subsection{Quantum circuit}
Any quantum algorithm can be expressed or visualized in the form of a quantum circuit. These quantum circuits constitute of logical qubits and quantum gates \cite{shor02}.
\subsubsection{Qubits}
 Logical qubit that is used to encode
input or output of a quantum algorithm is known as data qubit. There is an another type of qubit that is used to store temporary results are known as ancilla qubit.
\subsubsection{Quantum Gates}
 Unitary quantum gates need to be applied on qubits to modify the quantum state of a quantum algorithm. To synthesize our proposed circuit, we use NOT gate, Controlled-NOT gate, Toffoli gate, Hadamard gate and Multi Control Toffoli gate(MCT). All the mentioned gates except the MCT are described in Table \ref{table1}. The description of MCT gate is as follows:

\begin{table}[!h]
\caption{Matrix and Circuit Representation of Quantum Gates}
\centering
\resizebox{7cm}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c |}

 \hline
 Quantum Gates & Matrix Representation & Circuit Representation\\
 \hline
 Hadamard Gate & $\begin{pmatrix}
\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\end{pmatrix}$ &
\includegraphics[width=30mm]{hadamard.PNG}\\
 \hline
 Not Gate  &  $\begin{pmatrix}
\\ 0 & 1
\\ 1 & 0
\end{pmatrix}$ &
\includegraphics[width=30mm]{not.PNG}\\
 \hline
 Controlled-NOT Gate & $\begin{pmatrix}
\\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1
\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0
\end{pmatrix}$ &
\includegraphics[width=30mm, height=1.2cm]{cnot_f.PNG}\\
 \hline
 Toffoli Gate &  $\begin{pmatrix}
\\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0
\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1
\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0
\end{pmatrix}$ &
\includegraphics[width=30mm, height=1.5cm]{tof_f.PNG}\\
 \hline
\end{tabular}}
\label{table1}
\end{table}

\textbf{Multi-Controlled Toffoli Gate:} There are n number of inputs and outputs in an $n$-bit MCT. This MCT gate passes the first $n-1$ inputs, which are referred to as control bits to the output unaltered. It inverts the $n^{th}$ input, which is referred to as the target bit if the first $n-1$ inputs are all ones. An MCT gate is shown in Figure \ref{mct} Black dots $\bullet$ represent the control bits and the target bit is denoted by a $\oplus$.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=60mm, height=1.7cm]{mtof_f.PNG}
\caption{Multi-Controlled Toffoli Gate}
\label{mct}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Grover's Algorithm}
Grover's algorithm has two parts, namely oracle and diffusion operator. The oracle depends on the specific instance of the search problem. The diffusion operator block is also known as inversion about the average operator and it amplifies the amplitude of the marked state to increase its measurement probability. The block diagram of a typical Grover's algorithm is shown in Figure \ref{grover}.

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=90mm,height=2.0cm]{grover.PNG}
\caption{Generalized Circuit for Grover's algorithm \cite{Grover's}}
\label{grover}
\end{figure}

\par To perform Grover's search algorithm, at least n + 1 qubits are required and the
function $f$ is encoded by a unitary $U_{f}$ : $\ket x_{n}$ $\otimes$ $\ket y_{1}$ $\rightarrow$ $\ket x_{n}$ $\otimes$ $\ket {y \oplus f(x)}_{1} $.

\par More elaborately, The steps of the Grover's algorithm are as follows:

\par \textbf{Initialization}: The algorithm starts with the uniform superposition of all the basis states on input qubits $n$. The last ancilla qubit is used as an output qubit which is initialized to $H \ket1$. Thus, we obtain the binary quantum state $\ket \psi$.

\textbf{Sign Flip}: Flip the sign of the vectors for which $U_{f}$ gives output 1.

\textbf{Amplitude Amplification}: We need to perform the inversion about the average of all coefficient of the quantum state for a certain number of iterations to get the coefficient of the marked state is large enough that it can be obtained from a measurement with probability close to 1. This phenomenon is known as amplitude amplification which is performed by using diffusion operator.

\textbf{Number of Iterations}: Grover's Search algorithm requires $\sqrt{N/M}$ many iterations to get the probability of one of the marked states $M$ out of total $N$ number of states set.

\subsection{NISQ Devices}
NISQ devices are "noisy," due to the constraint of the number of qubits, hence one has to allow a certain range of error while estimating the simulated result of a quantum state \cite{preskil}. Superconducting quantum
circuits, ion trap, quantum dot, neutral atom are the most popular NISQ technologies to implement the quantum circuit. Every one of them has a specific qubit topology, as shown in Figure \ref{qt}, so as to map the logical synthesized circuit to quantum hardware. Table \ref{tab:gates} illustrates certain 1-qubit and 2-qubit gates that are supported by most of the quantum hardware. One has to realize their logical quantum gates to these hardware-specific gates to make it hardware compatible for implementation.

\begin{table*}[!h]
\centering
\caption{Gate Set for NISQ Devices}
\begin{tabular}{c|c}
gate type &  gate set \\ \hline
1-qubit gates & id, x, y, z, h, r2, r4, r8, rx, ry, rz, u1, u2, u3, s, t, sdg, tdg\\
2-qubit gates & swap, srswap, iswap, xy, cx, cy, cz, ch, csrn, ms, yy, cr2, cr4, cr8, crx, cry, crz, cu1, cu2, cu3, cs, ct, csdg
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:gates}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=75mm, height=2cm]{couplinggraph.PNG}
\caption{Qubit Topology \cite{4, rigetti}}
\label{qt}
\end{figure}

\section{Proposed Methodology of Circuit Synthesis for $k$-Coloring Problem using Grover's Algorithm}

The flowchart as shown in Figure \ref{flow} describes the complete flow of our proposed automated end-to-end framework. Our framework is mainly based on three algorithms: AutoGenOracle\_K-color, MCT\_Realization and SABRE(Qubit Mapping). Firstly, adjacency matrix of the given graph and the number of color ($k$) is given as input to AutoGenOracle\_K-color algorithm and we get the quantum circuit netlist in the form QASM as output. AutoGenOracle\_K-color algorithm automatically generates Oracle circuit for $k$-coloring problem using Grover search and is based on the newly designed comparator. Now, MCT\_Realization algorithm takes generated circuit netlist as input  and realizes MCT gates to NISQ hardware compatible 1-qubit and 2-qubit gates \cite{portugal}. Finally SABRE \cite{sabre} algorithm has been used for mapping generated circuit by NISQ devices based on the qubit topology.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=45mm, height =5 cm]{flow.PNG}
\caption{Flowchart of our proposed work}
\label{flow}
\end{figure}

This section outlines the proposed methodology for the Oracle circuit synthesis of the $k$-Coloring problem as an application of the Grover's search algorithm.

\subsection{Proposed Oracle for $k$-Coloring Problem}
 The quantum circuit block of Oracle for the $k$-coloring problem is shown in Figure \ref{gen}. The construction of Oracle for $k$-coloring problem is divided into five parts starting with initialization, which is essentially required in Grover's Algorithm.

\subsubsection{Initialization}
If there are $n$ vertices, $e$ edges in the input graph and $k$ is the number of colors, then the total number of data qubits required to represent all the colored vertices are $n * \ceil{\log_2 k}$. The Oracle checks for all the right combination of properly colored vertices with $k$ or fewer colors from a combination of all possible colored vertices. Hence, a superposition of $m=n*\ceil{\log_2 k}$ qubits will generate all possible combination of colored vertices. The initial data qubits in Figure \ref{gen} include $m$ qubits prepared in the ground state $\vert\psi\rangle=\ket{0}^{\otimes m}$, due to the re-usability property of ancilla qubits, $r= n$ ancilla qubits in the exited state $\ket{\theta}=\ket{1}^{\otimes r}$ (These $r$ ancilla qubits are required to prepare Invalid Color detector block and Comparator block which are described in next subsection thoroughly), one ancilla qubit in the ground state $\ket{\zeta}=\ket{0}$ (1 ancilla is required iff invalid color exists), and one output qubit in the excited state $\ket{\phi}=\ket{1}$ is required to perform CNOT/Toffoli/MCT operation of the Oracle. This entire initialization can be mathematically  written as:

\[\vert\psi\rangle\otimes\vert\theta\rangle\otimes\vert\zeta\rangle\otimes\vert\phi\rangle=\vert 0\rangle^{\otimes m}\otimes\vert 1\rangle^{\otimes r}\otimes\vert 0\rangle\otimes\vert 1\rangle\]

\subsubsection{Hadamard Transformation}

After the initialization, the Hadamard transform $H^{\otimes m}$ on data qubits and $H$ on output qubit is performed, therefore all possible states are superposed as $\ket{\psi_{0}}\otimes\ket{\theta_{0}}\otimes\ket{\zeta_{0}}\otimes\ket{\phi_{0}}$, where

\[\vert\psi_{0}\rangle=\,{1\over\sqrt{2^{m}}}\sum_{i=0}^{2^{m}-1}\vert i\rangle\]

\[\ket{\theta_{0}}=\ket{1111 ..... r(times)}\]

\[\ket{\zeta_{0}}=\ket{0}\]

\[\vert\phi_{0}\rangle=\,{1\over\sqrt{2}}\left(\vert 0\rangle-\vert 1\rangle\right)\]

\subsubsection{Proposed $U_f$ Transformation:}

This proposed unitary $U_f$ transformation has two distinct parts.
\par \textbf{(1)Reduction of Invalid Colors:} Since $c=\ceil{\log_2 k}$, hence we consider maximum $2^c$ colors. If $2^c=k$, then all colors are valid colors, else there will be a set of $2^c -k$ invalid colors. The search space should be optimized with valid colors. This can be carried out using the following steps:

\par \textbf{Qubit Activation:} Colors are needed to be numbered as $\{0,1,2 .... 2^{c}-1\}$. After the Hadamard transformation, the input data qubit lines act as the binary representation of combination of all possible colored vertices. But, the oracle checks only the combination of valid colors $k$. To make sure that the Oracle is checking only the $k$-colored combination of vertices, all the input qubit lines are needed to be in the excited state $\ket{1}$ for those particular combinations of invalid colors by making input qubit lines suitable as control lines for CNOT/Toffoli/MCT operation. A number of NOT gates have to be imposed on the input qubit lines, which are in the ground state $\ket{0}$ followed by the application of 'Invalid Color Detector'. This 'Qubit Activation' has to be applied again after 'Invalid Color Detector' to return back to the initial superposed quantum state.

\textbf{Invalid Color Detector:} If any invalid color is detected in any combination of colored vertices then that combination is discarded using the following function ICD (Invalid Color Detector):
\begin{equation}
\resizebox{.85\hsize}{!}{$ ICD(I_1, I_2, .., I_n, f)= \left\{\begin{array}{ll}\mbox{$f=0$,} & \mbox{if $I_1 or I_2 or.. I_n =$ Invalid color};\\
\mbox{$f=1$,} & \mbox{No invalid color}.\\
\end{array}\right. $}
\end{equation}

Figure \ref{ICD} describes the circuit synthesis of 'Invalid Color Detector' for $n$ vertices, where $I_1, I_2, .., I_n$ are the data qubits.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=40mm,height=1.6cm]{ICD.PNG}
\caption{Invalid Color Detector}
\label{ICD}
\end{figure}

 \textbf{(2)Binary Comparator:} A newly proposed binary comparator circuit can be defined as:

\begin{equation}
\resizebox{.55\hsize}{!}{$ Comparator(a, b, f)= \left\{\begin{array}{ll}\mbox{$f=0$,} & \mbox{if $a = b$};\\
\mbox{$f=1$,} & \mbox{$a \neq b$}.\\
\end{array}\right. $}
\end{equation}

where $a$ and $b$ are the comparing inputs which represent the colored vertices of the given graph and $f$ is the ancilla
qubit. Circuit synthesis for $2$-qubit and 4-qubit  comparator is shown
in Figure \ref{comparator}. CNOT, NOT, Toffoli/MCT gates
are used to design the complete circuit synthesis for the binary comparator.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=50mm,height=1.3cm]{comparator.PNG}
\caption{Example Comparator: (a) 2-qubit; (b) 4-qubit}
\label{comparator}
\end{figure}

With the help of these invalid color reduction function and newly proposed comparator, The design of $U_f$ of an Oracle for $k$-coloring problem is effectively developed.

\begin{comment}
\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \subfloat[]{\includegraphics[width=7cm\textwidth]{Oracle_graph_eg}\label{fig5a}}

  \hspace{3cm}
  \subfloat[]{\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{4c3}\label{fig5b}}
  \caption{(a) Example Graph of Four Vertices; (b) Triangle Detector Block Circuit for a 4-vertex Graph}
\end{figure}
\end{comment}

\subsubsection{MCT Operation}
The output qubit state $\vert\phi_{0}\rangle$ is initially set as
${1\over\sqrt{2}}\left(\vert 0\rangle-\vert 1\rangle\right)$. Applying an MCT gate on the output line considering ancilla qubits as control, results in an eigenvalue kickback $-1$,
which causes a phase shift for the respective input
state/states, which helps to find out all the combination of properly colored set of vertices. The algorithm that generates the gate level synthesis of the proposed method is outlined in next subsection.

\begin{comment}

\begin{figure*}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=17cm, scale=1]{b_oracle.eps}
\caption{Circuit Representation of Oracle for Triangle Finding Problem}
\label{fig6a}
\end{figure*}

\end{comment}

\subsection{Proposed Algorithm for Oracle Circuit Synthesis}
The proposed algorithm Algorithm 1 (AutoGenOracleK-Coloring) of automated oracular circuit synthesis for the $k$-coloring problem is illustrated in this subsection. The algorithm takes as input the adjacency matrix of the given graph and the number of colors $k$. The output of the algorithm is a circuit netlist in the form of QASM.

\begin{figure*}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=5in, height=0.98in]{gen.png}
\caption{Block Diagram of Generalized Oracular Circuit}
\label{gen}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6in,height=1in]{complete.png}
\caption{Gate level representation of 3-coloring problem for example graph}
\label{complete}
\end{figure*}

\begin{algorithm}[!h]
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\label{algo:one}
\caption{AutoGenOracleK-Coloring($G(V,E)$)}\label{euclid}
\STATE \bf{INPUT} : Adjacency matrix $adj(n,n)$ of graph(G) $G(V,E)$, $V=n$ and $E=e$ where, V is the set of nodes and E is the set of edges,
Number of input data qubit lines required  $I_{r}=n*\lceil \log_{2} k \rceil$(input lines for $n$ nodes and $k$ colors)$+$ ancilla lines required$= n$ $+1$ ancila line for reduction of invalid colors(if required) $+1$(output line($O$)),
$A_{r}$ represents ancilla line where, $1 \leq r \leq n$, $A_{r+1}$ represents ancilla line for invalid color (if required).
\STATE \bf{OUTPUT} : Circuit netlist (QASM)
\STATE Initialize $I_r$ input lines with $\ket{0}$ followed by Hadamard gate, ancilla lines $A_r$ with $\ket 1$, $A_{r+1}$ with $\ket 0$, and output line $O$ with $\ket 1$ followed by a Hadamard gate.

\STATE Apply Invalid Color Detector (if required) for all possible invalid colors with suitable Qubit Activation with $I_r, A_r$ as control and $A_{r+1}$ as target.

\STATE  $l \leftarrow n$, $f \leftarrow 1$
\FOR {$i\gets1$ to $n-1$}

\STATE $r \leftarrow f$, $m \leftarrow f$
 \FOR {$j\gets{i+1}$ to $n$}
\IF {$adj(i, j) \leftarrow 1$ ($i$ and $j$ are connected by an edge($e$))}
\STATE Use a comparator circuit with the input lines ($I_{i}$, $I_{j}$) corresponding $(i,j)$ as control and the ancilla line $A_{r}$  as target.
\STATE $r \leftarrow r+1$

\ENDIF
\ENDFOR
\IF {$r > f+1$}
\STATE Use a Toffoli/MCT gate with all ancilla lines $A_r$ as control and $A_l$ as target
\STATE $l \leftarrow l-1$
 \FOR {$m\gets{i+1}$ to $n$}
\IF {$adj(i, j) \leftarrow 1$ ($i$ and $j$ are connected by an edge($e$))}
\STATE Use a comparator circuit with the input lines ($I_{i}$, $I_{m}$) corresponding $(i,j)$ as control and the ancilla line $A_{m}$  as target.
\STATE $m \leftarrow m+1$

\ENDIF
\ENDFOR
\ELSIF {$r = f+1$ }
\STATE $f \leftarrow f+1$
\ENDIF
\ENDFOR
\STATE Use an MCT gate with all the ancilla lines $ A_{1}, A_{2}, \dots A_{r+1}$ as control and $O$ as output.

\STATE Repeat step 5-26.
\STATE Repeat step 4.

\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

From the details of the adjacency matrix and the number of given color, it can be easily estimated that the total number of qubit lines required to generate the Oracle circuit. All the input data qubits are initialized with $\ket 0$ followed by Hadamard, ancilla lines ($A_{r}$) are initialized with $\ket 1$, ancilla line $A_{r+1}$ is initialized with $\ket 0$ and the output line is initialized with $\ket 1$ followed by Hadamard. First of all,  apply Invalid Color Detector with suitable Qubit Activation (if invalid color exists) with $I_r, A_r$ as control and $A_{r+1}$ as the target. Then, between two adjacent vertices$(i,j)$, a comparator circuit is used with two input lines$(i,j)$ as control and the ancilla line($A_{r}$) as output and perform this same task for all the adjacent vertices. Then, an MCT gate is used with all the ancilla lines $A_{r}$ and $A_{r+1}$ as control and the output line as output for the flip operation of Grover's Oracle. To mirror everything of the Oracle circuit, we have repeated the previous steps as shown in Algorithm 1.

\begin{comment}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=3cm, height=2cm]{graph.PNG}
\caption{Example Graph of Four Vertices}
\label{ex}
\end{figure}
\end{comment}

\subsection{Circuit Cost Estimation}

The design of generalized  Oracle for our algorithm is already described. Now, the circuit cost analysis of the oracular circuit is given in Table \ref{CC}.

\begin{table}[!h]
\centering
\caption{Circuit Cost Analysis of  Oracle}
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c| }
  \hline

No. of Vertex & Maximum Ancilla Required & Maximum Gate Count \\ \hline
$3$  & $3+1=4$ & $67$ \\  \hline
$n$ & $O(n)$ & $O(n^2 *log_{2}n)$ \\ \hline

\end{tabular}
\label{CC}
\end{table}

  For $n$-vertices graph and $k$ given color, $n* \lceil log_{2} k \rceil$ data qubits are required. For $n$-vertices graph, at most $n+1$ number of  ancilla are needed and at most $O(n^2 * log_{2} n)$ gates are required to design the oracular circuit. The gate-optimized circuit synthesis of the 3-coloring problem for example graph of three vertices with three connected edges ($K_{3}$) is shown in Figure \ref{complete}.

\subsection{Diffusion}
The second part of Grover's algorithm is the circuit implementing the function of diffusion. When the operation is applied to a superposition state, it actually keeps the component in the $\ket{\psi_{0}}$ direction unchanged, while inverting the components in dimensions that are perpendicular to $\ket{\psi_{0}}$. This can be represented as

\[I_{\left\vert\psi_{0}^{\perp}\right\rangle}=-I_{\vert\psi_{0}\rangle}\]

where, \[\vert\psi_{0}\rangle=\,{1\over\sqrt{2^{n}}}\sum_{i=0}^{2^{n}-1}\vert i\rangle\]

The diffusion operator is a unitary matrix. The general matrix for the diffusion operator for an $d$-dimensional quantum system is shown below:

\begin{equation*}
diff_d = \left( \begin{matrix}
    \frac{2}{d}-1 & \frac{2}{d} & \frac{2}{d} & \ldots & \frac{2}{d} \\
    \frac{2}{d} & \frac{2}{d}-1 & \frac{2}{d} & \ldots & \frac{2}{d} \\
    \frac{2}{d} & \frac{2}{d} & \frac{2}{d}-1 & \ldots & \frac{2}{d} \\
    \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
    \frac{2}{d} & \frac{2}{d} & \frac{2}{d} & \ldots &  \frac{2}{d}-1 \\
\end{matrix} \right)
  \end{equation*}

\begin{comment}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=4cm, height=2cm]{diff.eps}
\caption{Matrix Representation of N-dimensional Diffusion Operator }
\label{fig7}
\end{figure}
\end{comment}

\begin{comment}
\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\begin{align*}
diff_n=
\begin{bmatrix}
    \dfrac{2}{N} - 1 & \dfrac{2}{N} & . . . & \dfrac{2}{N} \\\\
    \dfrac{2}{N} & \dfrac{2}{N} - 1 & . . . & \dfrac{2}{N}\\
    . & . & . & .\\
    . & . & . & .\\
    . & . & . & .\\
    \dfrac{2}{N} & \dfrac{2}{N} & . . . & \dfrac{2}{N} -1
\end{bmatrix}
\end{align*}
\caption{Matrix Representation of N-dimensional Diffusion Operator }
\label{fig7}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=60mm,height=28mm]{diff.PNG}
\caption{Six qubit Diffusion Operator}
\label{dif}
\end{figure}

\end{comment}

\begin{figure*}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6.5in, height=1.7in]{mctrea.PNG}
\caption{(a) Decomposition of MCT to MCZ; (b) Decomposition of MCZ to MC$R_{x}(\pi)$ (c) Decomposition of 4-control $R_{x}(\pi)$ gate}
\label{mctreal}
\end{figure*}

\section{Mapping of $k$-Coloring Problem to NISQ Devices}
This section focuses on the mapping of generated Oracle circuit to NISQ devices through MCT realization and SABRE algorithm for qubit mapping.

\subsection{Realization of MCT Gate}

Figure \ref{mctreal} shows how to decompose MCT gate to NISQ compatible 1-qubit and 2-qubit gates \cite{portugal}. Firstly MCT gate needs to be decomposed to MCZ gate. Then, the realization of MCZ gate into MC$R_{x}(\pi)$ is performed. Lastly, MC$R_{x}(\pi)$ is reduced to 1-qubit and 2-qubit gates without using any ancilla qubit.

\begin{comment}

\begin{table*}[!h]
\centering
\caption{QUANTUM COSTS FOR TOFFOLI GATES \cite{robert}}
\label{mtofc}
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c| }
  \hline

No. of Control Line & Ancilla Line & Quantum Cost \\ \hline
$0$ & $0$ & $1$  \\ \hline
$1$ & $0$ & $1$ \\ \hline
$2$ & $0$ & $5$ \\ \hline
$3$ & $0$ & $13$  \\ \hline
$4$ & $1$ & $26$, if at least $2$ lines are unconnected \\
$4$ & $0$ & $29$, otherwise \\ \hline
$5$ & $3$ & $38$, if at least $3$ lines are unconnected  \\
$5$ & $1$ & $52$, if at least $1$ or $2$ lines are unconnected \\
$5$ & $0$ & $61$, otherwise \\ \hline
$6$ & $4$ & $50$, if at least $4$ lines are unconnected  \\
$6$ & $1$ & $80$, if at least $1$, $2$ or $3$ lines are unconnected \\
$6$ & $0$ &  $125$, otherwise \\ \hline

$n$ & $n-2$ & $16*n-32$, if at least $n-2$ lines are unconnected  \\
$n$ & $1$ & $32*n -96$, if at least $1$, $2$, $3$, .. $n-3$ lines are unconnected \\
$n$ & $0$ &  $2^{n+1}-3$, otherwise \\ \hline

\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\end{comment}

\subsection{Qubit Mapping to NISQ Devices}

 Since, our proposed quantum circuit is logical, hence there is no constraint of qubit connectivity. For NISQ devices, there exists a specific qubit topology or coupling graph. Coupling graph defines the interaction between two physical qubits. This varies for different NISQ devices. Thus, it is obvious that mapping the logical circuit to the physical one is a challenge. The solution to this problem is the insertion of SWAP gates between the two qubits to satisfy the hardware constraint without compromising on the logic of the quantum circuit. The idea of a good qubit mapping problem is to minimize the number of SWAP insertion gates and minimize the depth of the circuit. Li et. al. proposed SWAP-based BidiREctional heuristic search algorithm (SABRE) in \cite{sabre}, which is a benchmark, since it deals with any arbitrary qubit topology for any NISQ device. Mainly three features make SABRE stand out. Firstly, it doesn't perform an exhaustive search on the entire circuit, but it performs a SWAP-based heuristic search considering the qubit dependency. It then optimizes the initial mapping using a novel reverse traversal technique. Last but not the least, the introduction of the decay effect for enabling the trade-off between the depth and the number of gates of the entire algorithm. We use SABRE protocol so that our proposed circuit can easily be mapped to any arbitrary qubit topology.

\subsection{Experimental result of $k$-coloring Problem in NISQ Device}

 As shown in Figure \ref{complete}, the generated oracle circuit for example graph has been taken as an example case for the simulation of $k$-coloring problem which is performed on IBMQ cloud based physical device \cite{4}.

 \begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=85mm, height=1.5in]{opf.png}
\caption{Amplitudes of Quantum States}
\label{output}
\end{figure}

 The resultant output after applying Grover's operator is shown in Figure \ref{output}, where the amplitude of the solution state has been amplified. The location of the solution states are $\ket{011000}$, $\ket{100100}$, $\ket{000110}$,  $\ket{010010}$, $\ket{001001}$, and $\ket{100001}$ where $00$, $01$, and $10$ are the valid colors as we take $11$ as invalid color. These are the properly colored vertex combinations in the given example graph that solves the $k$-coloring problem with high probability.

\subsection{Comparative Analysis}

As compared to \cite{ibm_graphcolor}, our proposed comparator-based oracle gives better result with respect to data qubit and ancilla qubit as $n * \lceil \log_{2} k \rceil$ and $ O(n)$ respectively. Table \ref{compare} shows the comparative analysis.

\vspace{-.2cm}

\begin{table}[!htb]
\centering
\caption{Comparative Analysis}
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|}
  \hline

Parameters & Hu et. al. \cite{ibm_graphcolor} & This work \\ \hline
Data Qubit Cost & $n*k$ & $n * \lceil \log_{2} k \rceil$\\
 \hline
 Ancilla Qubit Cost & $O((n*k)^2)$ & $ O(n)$\\
 \hline
 Processor & IBMQ & Any NISQ Device\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\label{compare}
\end{table}

\begin{comment}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=90mm, height= 3.0 cm]{oh.eps}
\caption{Simulation output of $H^{\otimes6}$}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=90mm, height= 3.0 cm]{K4_h.eps}
\caption{Simulation output of $H^{\otimes8}$}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=90mm, height=3.0cm]{oo.eps}
\caption{Simulation output of oracle}
\end{figure}

\end{comment}

\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we have proposed an automated end-to-end framework which includes mapping of $k$-coloring problem to any NISQ devices through automatic generation of Oracle circuit using Grover search taking into account any undirected and unweighted given graph and the number of given colors ($k$), automatic MCT realization and automatic qubit mapping using SABRE for given qubit topology. Our comparator-based approach has outperformed the reduction-based approach from 3-SAT problem to 3-Color problem quite convincingly. The data qubit cost has been reduced to $n * \lceil log_2 {k} \rceil$ whereas it was $n * k$. This leads to a reduction of query complexity from $O(n * k)$ to $O(n * log_2 {k})$. In future, the swap-operation can be used for re-usability of the qubits for further optimization while generating the Oracle circuit.

\section*{Acknowledgment}

This work has been supported by the grant from CSIR, Govt. of India, Grant No. 09/028(0987)/2016-EMR-I.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


This is a critical time for our nation, and journalists will be an important part of protecting our democracy. Please remember that we provide legal services for journalists. This includes assistance with Freedom of Information Act and California Public Records Act requests. In 2017, we're looking to grow these services. Please let us know if you know of individuals or organizations looking to fund or collaborate to ensure legal services for journalists. If you want to support our services for journalists, you can do that by clicking here!
Film Screening February 7 in San Diego!
New Media Rights is proud to provide legal services to social impact films, including Dianne Griffin and Erica Jordan's new documentary film Painted Nails Movie. Painted Nails tells the story of a San Francisco nail salon owner's efforts to convince lawmakers to address public health issues in the nail salon industry. Van Hoang becomes the first person to testify to Congress for safe cosmetics in 30 years.
We'll be screening the client film Painted Nails February 7th, 2017 at California Western School of Law. Come out and join us in room LH2 at 12:45pm! Send us an email if you plan to come out so we know we can accomodate folks.
New Media Film Festival - Submit your work!
We recently found out about the New Media Film Festival and wanted to share the festival with the creators out there as an opportunity to submit your work. The festival provides a platform for groundbreaking and compelling work in the world of storytelling in a variety of media, including virtual reality, apps, drone footage, and web series. The festival is designed to both discover and cultivate highly creative work from emerging and seasoned content creators.
Put your innovative work forward and join the unique community of content creators at New Media Film Festival submit today! You can also attend the festival on June 6,7,8 in Los Angeles, CA.
Be able to provide free and dramatically reduced fee one-to-one legal services to 500+ underserved creators and innovators.
Work on policy proceedings at the US Copyright Office to make sure the Copyright Office serves independent creators and entrepreneurs, not just big media companies.
Update and enhance our Fair Use App and educational video content.
Sponsor and organize more than 12 workshops and community events throughout the San Diego region and throughout the United States about digital rights.
If you didn't have a chance to support New Media Rights on this Giving Tuesday, you don't have to wait until next Giving Tuesday to make a difference! Become a supporter today!


text:
package de.tototec.cmvn.eclipse.plugin

import org.eclipse.core.runtime.Path
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.IClasspathEntry
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.IJavaProject
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.JavaCore
import org.eclipse.jdt.ui.wizards.IClasspathContainerPage
import org.eclipse.jdt.ui.wizards.IClasspathContainerPageExtension
import org.eclipse.jface.viewers.ArrayContentProvider
import org.eclipse.jface.viewers.ComboViewer
import org.eclipse.jface.viewers.ISelectionChangedListener
import org.eclipse.jface.viewers.LabelProvider
import org.eclipse.jface.viewers.SelectionChangedEvent
import org.eclipse.jface.viewers.StructuredSelection
import org.eclipse.jface.wizard.WizardPage
import org.eclipse.swt.layout.GridData
import org.eclipse.swt.layout.GridLayout
import org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite
import org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Label
import org.eclipse.swt.SWT

class LegacyCmvnClasspathContainerPage extends WizardPage("Cmvn Libraries (Deprecated, Please Update)") with IClasspathContainerPage with IClasspathContainerPageExtension {

  val containerPath = CmvnClasspathContainer.ContainerName

  private var project: IJavaProject = _
  private var options: Map[String, String] = Map()

  setDescription("""Configure Legacy Cmvn Classpath Container""")
  setPageComplete(true)

  override def initialize(project: IJavaProject, currentEntries: Array[IClasspathEntry]) =
    this.project = project

  override def setSelection(classpathEntry: IClasspathEntry) {
    options = classpathEntry match {
      case null => Map()
      case cpe => LegacyCmvnClasspathContainer.readOptionsFromPath(cpe.getPath)
    }
  }

  override def getSelection: IClasspathEntry = {
    JavaCore.newContainerEntry(new Path(
      containerPath + "/" +
        options.map(e => e._1 + "=" + e._2).mkString(",")))
  }

  override def finish: Boolean = true

  override def createControl(parent: Composite) {
    val composite = new Composite(parent, SWT.NULL)
    composite.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, false))
    composite.setLayoutData(new GridData(GridData.VERTICAL_ALIGN_FILL
      | GridData.HORIZONTAL_ALIGN_FILL));
    composite.setFont(parent.getFont())

    new Label(composite, SWT.NONE).setText("Scope")

    val combo = new ComboViewer(composite, SWT.BORDER | SWT.READ_ONLY)
    combo.setLabelProvider(new LabelProvider())
    combo.setContentProvider(new ArrayContentProvider())
    combo.setInput(Array("compile", "runtime", "test"))

    combo.setSelection(new StructuredSelection(options.getOrElse("scope", "compile")))
    combo.addSelectionChangedListener(new ISelectionChangedListener() {
      override def selectionChanged(event: SelectionChangedEvent) =
        options += ("scope" -> (combo.getSelection.isEmpty match {
          case true => "compile"
          case false => combo.getSelection.asInstanceOf[StructuredSelection].getFirstElement.asInstanceOf[String]
        }))
    })

    setControl(composite)
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Barring any last minute change, the United States, US, President-elect, Donald Trump will be sworn-in as the new president of the God's own country.
The ceremony is expected to begin 5pm, Nigerian time.
– Trump's inaugural speech will be personal.
The new President's spokesperson and incoming press secretary, Sean Spicer had on Thursday disclosed that Trump's speech will be personal.
Spencer said, "Donald Trump's inauguration speech will be "personal" and "philosophical.
– Speech will be short.
The tycoon-turned-politician will deliver his first address as US president to hundreds of thousands of people in Washington DC and millions watching around and it will be short.
With the help of long-time speech-writer, Stephen Miller, the new US President is expected to deliver a relatively short speech centred on ideas from his campaign such as "America First" and the need to "Make America Great Again".
According to CNN, the topics are said to include border around security, military, economy and the outsourcing of jobs.
Unconfirmed report says mass protest will likely greet the inauguration as some Americans have continued to express doubt about the billionaire's intention for the country.
– Expect rain during inauguration.
The president-elect had during last night's black-tie, candlelit dinner at Washington's historic Union Station jokingly said he wished it would rain "because people will realise it's my real hair," he said.