text:
package com.levelup.java.junit;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;

/**
 * This java example will demonstrate junits
 * parameterized tests by using {@link Parameter} annotation vs
 * a constructor. Paramertized tests are useful when you
 * are interested in running the same test with different test data.
 *
 * @author Justin Musgrove
 * @see Junit Paramertized Test Field Injection
 *
 */
@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
public class ParameterizedTestWithFieldInjection {

	private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ParameterizedTestWithFieldInjection.class);

	static class Calculator {

		public static int add(int a, int b) {
			return a + b;
		}
	}

	@Parameters
	public static Collection<Object[]> data() {
		return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] {
				{0, 0, 0},
				{1, 0, 1},
				{0, 1, 1},
				{1, 1, 2},
				{1, 2, 3},
				{2, 1, 3}
			});
	}

	@Parameter (value = 0) public int a;
	@Parameter (value = 1) public int b;
	@Parameter (value = 2) public int expected;

	@Test
	public void test_calculator_add () {

		logger.info("a=" + a + " b " + b + " = c " + expected);

		int calculatedValue = Calculator.add(a,  b);
		assertEquals(expected, calculatedValue);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sport of the Mind – How to Play Chess in Simple Steps
Ah, Chess. The game of legends, and arguably the best mind game the world has developed. This 'sport of the mind' has been known to burn a surprisingly high amount of calories.
Chess is a mental sport that has withstood its greatness for centuries and is still enjoyed today. How are the pieces moved and how can one devise strategies to outsmart your opponent with a 'checkmate'?
Everything about chess cannot be covered in a single article. You would need a book for that. So, this article covers the basics of the game of chess, as well as info on how to play the game.
Image Source: Smartprix
Chess as a Sport
Despite the accolades chess has gathered, some people still do not consider it a sport, because it does not involve strenuous physical movements, as the only movement is that of the hands while moving the pieces.
Image Source: Inc. Magazine
But you'd be surprised at how many calories can be burned in a single game. A grandmaster can burn 6,000 calories a day playing chess!
That is way more than what is burned playing in other "physical" sports. It is a game of the mind and the brain where all activities of the body are processed.
Professional players even have to undergo fitness training for better performance. Jogging and other exercises are recommended for chess players.
Have you watched a rapid game of chess before? How swiftly both players move their pieces while thinking strategically to defeat their opponent?
Chess, like any other sport, involves players outsmarting their opponent to win at the end of a specified time. There may not be any other game that offers such intense rivalry among players.
Chess involves strategizing, but the outcome cannot be predicted. With one wrong move and at any moment, the game can switch direction, making the winning player lose. Players compete fiercely without touching each other, and all the action happens right on the board.
Chess is recognized internationally as a sport in the Olympic games and several European competitions. Players from regions all over the world come together and compete in tournaments to declare a champion.
Image Source: Chess
As a globally recognized game, chess can be played by anyone irrespective of age, gender, background, or ethnicity.
Everyone can play chess, so let's move on to learning how!
Chess is a game that involves two players moving pieces over a chessboard. The chessboard is a square consisting of 8 by 8 squares of alternating colors (usually black and white) where the pieces are placed in a defined order.
The aim of the game is to threaten your opponent's king (what is called 'check') until the king is unable to move, or the opponent is unable to protect his king.
The difference in the arrangements of pieces is dependent on the color of the queen. Usually, there are two colors, white and black (though they can vary), and the queen is placed on the corresponding color of the square on the board.
The Pieces and Their Movements
There are six pieces in the game of chess. All have different movements and are in different numbers on the board.
Image Source: Masterclass
The Pawn: Pawns are the lowest-ranked pieces in the game. The soldiers in a colony. There are eight pawns per side on every board. They are the protectors and are pretty useful for defense and attack.
Although their movements are not fast, and their attack is quite slow, they do have few tricks up their sleeve. With a total of eight pawns per side, managing these pieces is crucial, and may provide the upper hand to winning a game.
Pawns can only move forward, and they attack by moving one space diagonally. The only difference is in their starting movements, which can be two steps forward or one step. They cannot go over a piece, so if another piece is directly in front of it, they cannot move unless the piece is moved or destroyed.
The Bishop
The bishops are the silent killers among the pieces. Snipers if you may. There are two bishops per side on a chessboard. Their movements are diagonal in any direction, so long as there are no pieces preventing the bishop from moving.
The Knight: Ah, the knight. Arguably the only piece that can contest with the queen in strength, the knight is a true keeper. They are the only piece on the board that can "jump" over another piece, and they can trap lots of other pieces at the same time. There are two knights per side in a game.
Their movements are a bit tricky to explain, but they are in an "L" form. Think of it as moving two spaces in any direction, and then one space to the right or left.
The Rook
A very powerful piece is the rook, also called a castle. Another wide aim piece, the rook moves in the horizontal and vertical directions. Movements can move through any number of squares if it is not being blocked by another piece. There are two rooks per side in a game.
Image Source: Scouter Life
The King: The king is mentioned before the queen because although it is the center of the game (to win, the king must be defeated), the strength of this piece is not so great. Like a pawn, the king can only move one space, but unlike a pawn, he can move in any direction, not just forward.
The Queen: The most powerful piece is the queen, as she has the greatest strength in the game. She is the boss and dominates the game when used properly.
Like the rook and the bishop, the queen can move in continuous diagonal and straight lines in any direction. The restrictions also apply, as the queen cannot move over a player.
Special Movements
Castling: This strategy involves the only time during a game when two pieces can be moved in the same turn. This strategy is often employed during the opening in order to move the king into a more protected position while moving the rook into a more active position on the board.
All pieces between the rooks and the king must be moved out of the back row in order for castling to take place within the roles of chess.
Once cleared, the king can move two spaces toward either rook, and the rook it moved toward can move across to the space the king skipped over. Within the rules, this can only be accomplished if neither of the rooks nor the king have been moved from their starting places at the beginning of the match.
If a player is able to maneuver his pawn to reach the opponent's extreme row (the row where the officials are placed), the pawn can be promoted to any official of choice.
En passant: Another trick of the pawn, en passant happens when a pawn moves two steps as part of its optional starting move.
If an opponent pawn would have captured the moving pawn had it moved one step, en passant can be called.
En passant's movement therefore happens, and the opponent's pawn moves to the space it would go to if the moving pawn had moved one step.
A typical chessboard has 64 squares, with the horizontal rows numbered alphabetically, and the vertical columns numerically. Players face each other on the horizontal side of the board. The arrangement of the pieces comes in that order as well.
The officials (queen, king, rook, knight, and bishop) are positioned on the first row of opposite sides, while the eight pawns are positioned on the second row. The queen takes her color square in the center of the first row: the white queen on a white square and the black queen on a black square.
Moving inwards, the two rooks (or castles) are positioned at the extreme ends, then the knights beside them, then the bishops. The king stays close to his strongest protector and partner, the queen. The pawns, occupy the second row immediately after the official's line.
In chess, the player with the white color starts first. Each side's opening move can involve the pawn movement two spaces forward or one space forward. Starting movements can also involve the knights as they can 'hop' over pawns too.
Image Source: The Indian Express
Playing the game becomes easy when the piece's movements are mastered. By understanding how to move the pieces, anyone can play the game of chess.
Knowing how to play is not all there is to it though, as you'll soon find it's important to strategize movements in order to checkmate their opponent.
Taking Down a Piece
Defeating a piece happens when an opponent is in the direction of your movement. The piece that takes another remains in the position of the defeated piece.
For example, a bishop moves diagonally until it crosses the path of the opponent's castle, 'defeating' it and removing it from the board, and setting the bishop where the castle was.
Strategizing involves moving each piece with caution, planning your movements all the way, while defending at the same time. It is more like a pull-push reaction, playing both offensively to take your opponent's piece while playing defensively to protect your own.
Chess is a wonderful game of the mind. It involves continuous practice, discipline, and strategy to excel as a chess player.
In this article, we covered the game of chess as a sport, and how to play, to inspire you to experience the fun that is chess!
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Top Things to Know Before Doing an Extreme Sport
Find Out Who Are the Best Chess Players in the World

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mount Kazbek
Mount Kazbek: Our most recommended tours and activities
1. Kazbegi, Stepantsminda, and Gudauri Tour
You will depart from Tbilisi early in the morning, in the direction of Kazbegi. On the way, there will be some very interesting places to visit. Ananuri Fortified Castle Ensemble is a sixteenth-century castle complex on the Aragvi River. The fortress stands beside the famous Georgian Military Highway, overlooking the large Jinvali Lake. Its high, turreted stone walls protect two churches, a watchtower, and a reservoir. The main church facade is beautifully carved with animal, floral and Celtic-style patterns. The next stop is Gudauri, a remarkable ski resort in Georgia. The resort is 7,217 feet (2,200 meters) above sea level. The first lower lift station is at 6528 feet (1,990 meters ) above sea level and the last, or top, station is at a 3,306-meter called summit Sadzele. The resort offers high-quality skiing opportunities, with the ski season lasting from December through April. From Gudauri, you'll continue your trip to Gergeti Trinity Church. At an altitude of 7,119 feet (2,170 meters), the twelfth or thirteenth-century monument was erected on the southern slopes of Mkinvarcveri. Gergeti Trinity Church is an important temple, remarkable for its beautiful scenery. The Gergeti Trinity Church is set poignantly on a hill directly below the towering white massif of Mount Kazbek, which sits at 5,033 meters.
2. From Tbilisi: Ananuri-Kazbegi Mountains Cultural Tour
Head north from Tbilisi along the Georgian Military Highway, the only road connecting Georgia to Russia through the high Caucasus Mountains. First you'll visit Zhinvali Dam, a hydroelectric dam on the Aragvi River. Despite its artificial origins, the reservoir blends in with the surrounding environment perfectly and delights visitors with its turquoise waters. As you descend to the shores of the reservoir you will notice the ruins of a church from a settlement that was relocated out of the flooding area of the dam. Next, visit Ananuri Fortress, known for its stunning panoramic views. It was built by the Dukes of Aragvi and its earliest parts date back to the 13th century. After this, you'll explore Gudauri, a ski resort located in the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range. The slopes of Gudauri are completely above the tree line. Discover the Treaty of Georgievsk Monument, built in 1983 to celebrate the bicentennial of the Treaty of Georgievsk and ongoing friendship between Georgia and Russia. Inside the monument is a large tile mural that spans the whole circumference of the structure and depicts scenes from Georgian history. Finally, you'll visit Gergeti Trinity Church. The church is located under Mount Kazbek, and served as a popular waypoint for travellers on the road connecting Russia and Georgia. At the end of the day, return to Tbilisi.
3. Ananuri, Gudauri, and Kazbegi Private Tour
After meeting your driver, take an exciting drive north along the Georgian Military Highway into the high Caucasus Mountains. This spectacular highway winds its way through sheer mountains on a route that runs for 220 km from Tbilisi to Russia and dates back to the 1st century BC. Pass by the Zhinvali Dam hydroelectric dam and reservoir on the Aragvi River which blends in with the surrounding environment perfectly. Enjoy the view of the turquoise waters from Ananuri Fortress, a popular tourist sight with stunning, panoramic views. Descend to the shores of the reservoir until you reach Ananuri fortress, built by the Dukes of Aragvi and eith parts dating back to the 13th century. Admire the two fortifications joined by a crenelated curtain wall and the well-preserved, large square tower, known as the Sheupovari. Continue along the highway towards the Gudauri ski resort situated in the Stepantsminda District at an elevation of 2,200 meters above sea level. Visit the Georgievsk Monument which was built in 1983 to celebrate the ongoing friendship between Georgia and Soviet Russia. Peek inside the monument to see a large tile mural that spans the whole circumference of the structure and depicts scenes of Georgian history. Travel onward to the 14th-century Gergeti Trinity Church, located under Mount Kazbek above the town of Stepantsminda and which has for a long time served as a popular way-point for travelers on the road connecting Russia and Georgia.
4. Kazbegi: Tour from Tbilisi to the Caucasus Mountains
Take off from Tbilisi to the Zhinvali reservoir, Kazbegi National Park, Gudauri, and more on this multi-stop guided trip. Take in unbeatable views of local spots, village landscapes, and Mount Kazbegi. The trip starts with a 40-minute drive from Tbilisi to the Zhinvali reservoir. The huge lake around the forest-rich hills offers beautiful landscapes at any time of the year. From here you can already smell the mountains. Not far from the lake, visit the historical sights of Ananuri Fortress. Built in the Middle Ages, this fortress complex served the most important defensive function in the region. This is the only complex in Georgia that has survived to this day and is almost in its original form. Stop near the friendship monument in Gudauri next and get some free time to explore. You can join paragliding with local instructors (costs not included) or just relax and take photos. Enjoy panoramic views of beautiful mountain systems in several directions around. The road continues in the direction of Kazbegi through a pass with a maximum altitude of 2,379 meters above sea level. There, you'll see only high mountains and small villages around. Finally, visit Stepantsminda, the administrative center of the municipality. Choose to visit Gergeti Church, which is not only an important religious place but also a place with scenic views of Kazbegi. Before returning to Tbilisi, you can have a relaxing time on the veranda of a hotel, drink coffee or tea, and see the Mkinvartsveri (Mount Kazbegi).
5. Kazbegi: Romantic tour
What are the best places to have a date in the city? Where can you take lovely photos? Feel spellbound absorbing the charming atmosphere, and be surprised at how many historical love stories are hidden in the streets, buildings, and parks of the city. From heartbreaking and tragic, to the hilarious or spicy ones. What sacred relics and treasures are said to be buried in the caves of the ancient Betlemi monastery? How is Mount Kazbek tied to the Greek Mythology and Prometheus? The answers to these questions and more await you. This tour is especially recommended for the period of St. Valentine's Day.
Kazbegi, Stepantsminda, and Gudauri Tour
From Tbilisi: Ananuri-Kazbegi Mountains Cultural Tour
Ananuri, Gudauri, and Kazbegi Private Tour
Kazbegi: Tour from Tbilisi to the Caucasus Mountains
Kazbegi: Romantic tour
per group up to 10
Top Attractions in Greater Caucasus
1 Mount Kazbegi
2 Gudauri Skiing Resort
3 Georgia Friendship Monument
Things to Do in Mount Kazbek
1 Mount Kazbek Day trips
2 Mount Kazbek Natural Attractions & National Parks
3 Mount Kazbek National parks
4 Mount Kazbek Photography tours
5 Mount Kazbek Religious & spiritual activities
6 Mount Kazbek Culture & history
7 Mount Kazbek Architecture
8 Mount Kazbek Churches & cathedrals
10 Mount Kazbek Castle & palace tours
11 Mount Kazbek Nature & adventure
12 Mount Kazbek Neighborhood tours
13 Mount Kazbek Small group activities
14 Mount Kazbek Activities for couples
15 Mount Kazbek Romance & special occasions
16 Mount Kazbek Hiking
17 Mount Kazbek Outdoor sports
18 Mount Kazbek Good for groups
19 Mount Kazbek Safaris & wildlife activities
20 Mount Kazbek Horse riding
Cities in Georgia
1 Tbilisi
2 Stepantsminda
3 Kutaisi
4 Chiatura
5 Sighnaghi
6 Borjomi
7 Batumi
8 Gori
9 Mtskheta
10 Telavi
Other Sightseeing Options in Mount Kazbek
Want to discover all there is to do in Mount Kazbek? Click here for a full list.
What people are saying about Mount Kazbek
An excellent trip with a super guide Omar and a professional driver: knowledgeable and helpful people with whom the beauty of Georgia is even more beautiful and interesting❤ Thank you very much for the tour, the whole family is delighted)) We will definitely try other tours
From Tbilisi: Ananuri-Kazbegi Mountains Cultural Tour Reviewed by oslo, 5/31/2022
I would like to express our gratitude to Georgi for giving us a memorable experience ever! Great place, hospitable service, brings us good food (Khachapuri) and ofcourse communication wise. I will definetely come back in future! Thank you!
Kazbegi, Stepantsminda, and Gudauri Tour Reviewed by Lean, 9/23/2022
Our tour guide was flexible and really went out of his way to make sure we were comfortable on our trip- he answered all our questions and catered the information based on our interests!
Kazbegi, Stepantsminda, and Gudauri Tour Reviewed by Noor, 10/24/2022
If you enjoy nature and mountains this is the tour for you. Amazing Georgian landscapes .Well worth the trip.Will recommend to anybody interested in nature.
From Tbilisi: Ananuri-Kazbegi Mountains Cultural Tour Reviewed by Howard, 11/16/2022
Everything was amazing and Aleski was absolutely amazing and very knowledgeable. So worth it.
Kazbegi, Stepantsminda, and Gudauri Tour Reviewed by Jolie, 12/1/2022
Greater Caucasus


I once worked in a popular brewery here in Nigeria but never for once did i try any of the beer products even though it was readily available all around. That's probably because i've got more affinity for sweet things but Just as i was about giving up on all beer, the "Ginger beer" came along.
Maybe because of it's "sweet" refreshing taste or probably because of the health benefits, Either way ginger beer remains one of the easiest beers to make right at home. This is because, it takes a shorter time to brew unlike other beers which takes longer to brew.
Step 2: Place the grated ginger in a small pot, add the sugar and 2 cups of water. Heat till the sugar dissolves then turn off the burner.
Step 3: Through a fine sieve, Strain the Sugar-ginger syrup into a bowl and once strained completely, leave to cool down.
Step 4: Transfer the strained liquid into a plastic bottle, add the remaining water, lemon or lime juice and bakers yeast. Make sure you leave a little air space in the bottle (This is done to leave room for the gases that'd build up during fermentation). Cover the bottle and shake to mix up all the ingredients as well as activate the yeast to start the carbonation process.
Step 5: Leave to stand in a cool place for about 24-48 hours (Try opening it once or twice to release the carbon dioxide as well as reduce pressure so it doesn't explode in your face when it's finally ready).
Step 6: To check if it's ready press the plastic bottle, if it depresses/ goes in then it's not ready but if it's firm and seems swollen then it's ready. The firmness is caused by the carbon dioxide produced during fermentation.
Step 7: Once it's ready, gently open up (Best done over the sink) to release pressure. It should bubble or be fizzy (Imagine the reaction you get when you open a carbonated soft drink that has been shaken). Now your drink is ready, but best served cold.
Place in a refrigerator and serve Chilled.


text:
Home / Stories / Do you remember the show 'Stanley'?
did you know?1950s
Do you remember the show 'Stanley'?
Buddy Hackett and Carol Burnett starred in this short-lived 1950s sitcom.
July 10, 2020, 4:43PM By MeTV Staff
In 1956, pioneering television producer Max Liebman, who produced the early fifties sketch show Your Show of Shows with Sid Caesar and Carl Reiner, decided to move from the variety shows and television movies he had done previously to a weekly situation comedy. Broadcast live (from New York) like many shows of that time, the series only lasted 19 episodes but showcased the emerging talents of two future comedy stars – Buddy Hackett and Carol Burnett.
Hackett played the titular character in Stanley, the operator of a newsstand in the lobby of a posh hotel. His comedic misadventures with the many guests of the hotel provided the basis for each episode. Hackett would go on to star in The Music Man and It's a Mad Mad Mad Mad World, among many others. His comedic antics were a favorite of many late-night TV hosts, particularly Johnny Carson. Hackett appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson more than 100 times.
Carol Burnett leaned into her physical comedy skills on Stanley, playing Stanley's awkward girlfriend, Celia. In her interview with the Archive of American Television, Burnett said the sitcom "was good training because it was live." However, Burnett was still focused on her stage career at the time and did not truly fall in love with television until she was cast as a regular performer on The Garry Moore Show.
Jane Connell also appeared on nine episodes of Stanley, playing Celia's friend. She went on to act in many stage and screen productions including both the Broadway and movie versions of Mame, playing Agnes Gooch. Only a few years after appearing with Burnett on Stanley, Connell played the role that Burnett originated on Broadway, Princess Winnifred, in Once Upon a Mattress while the musical was playing in London.
Other notable actors involved in Stanley include Diane Ladd, who was right at the beginning of a long career in both movies and television, and Paul Lynde, who voiced the owner of the hotel frequently heard over the PA system. Lynde appeared in many classic television shows like The Munsters and Bewitched and played Harry McAfee in the 1963 film version of Bye Bye Birdie.
The talent behind the camera for Stanley would also become well-known in the industry. Producer Max Leibman brought writers from Your Show of Shows to write on his new sitcom. One of those writers was Neil Simon. Years after writing an episode of Stanley, Simon created many comedy classics, most famously The Odd Couple, both the original play and film adaptation.
While mostly forgotten, Stanley brought together many burgeoning talents right on the cusp of making names for themselves in the entertainment industry. Not bad for only 19 episodes!
Watch The Carol Burnett Show on MeTV!
Weeknights at 11 PM
Sundays at 10:30 PM
A stranger once gave Carol Burnett $1,000 to help jumpstart her career
Carol Burnett performed all the songs on her show without ever learning to read music
1950s1950sCartoons
Can you tell the difference between Fred Flintstone and Ralph Kramden?
CouchPotato19 21 months ago
Shpoopie!!
SheriHeffner 21 months ago
I have never heard of it.
Snickers 21 months ago
Don't remember ever seeing that show.
bsantaniello 30 months ago
You can see 19 episodes on Amazon prime. Looking forward to watching.
SalIanni 30 months ago
I can see this showing up on a streaming service fairly soon, either on Pluto TV, Shout Factory, or TUBI. If you love rare, classic, obscure shows you sure won't find them on Me TV, but this one will be worth waiting for.
daDoctah 30 months ago
I watched this series on one of the streaming services about two years ago. Added Paul Lynde to my list of actors "heard but not seen", and then saw Carol Burnett and Buddy Hackett reunited on an episode of "What's My Line?" (Carol was the mystery guest and when the masks came off, Buddy shouted "Celia!" at her by way of greeting; one of the other guests on that show was the head of the Nielsen rating service and Buddy gave him a hard time about the failure of "Stanley").
That is the kind of show that Me TV should show, maybe one night a week. Just show a block (2 hours) and next week show a block of a different show. Call it Lost TV History night. I never even heard of that show Stanley, but it sounded interesting.
LucyImHome1951 Barry22 30 months ago
OH MY GOODNESS YES!!!!!!! MeTV has the rights to many one or two seasons shows and a lot of those shows are in the public domain. (Sorry, I just love obscure TV shows. Some of them are really good.)
MrsPhilHarris Barry22 30 months ago
I completely agree. A number of us have talked about Me doing exactly that. There are so many shows that only lasted a season or two that would be great to see. Start at 7 and end at 9 Monday to Friday. That would be my dream schedule.
Snickers MrsPhilHarris 21 months ago
Would love to see " Quark" and "When Things were Rotten" again.
MrsPhilHarris Snickers 21 months ago
Oh I loved "When Things Were Rotten". Dick Gautier was hilarious!
gjp112 31 months ago
Thx for allowing me to join
TheDavBow3 31 months ago
Sounds like a show I'd like to give a try 😊
LucyImHome1951 31 months ago
You know that's funny. I just watched the whole series on DVD from the library. I thought it was funny, good enough for it to be shown on MeTV, maybe. My favorite episode was the first episode with Carol Burnett (I think that was episode 6.) All in all it was a good show which was replaced mid season because of low ratings. It was replaced with Tales of Wells Fargo which ran for 6 seasons. So maybe it was a good choice? No, I good choice would have been move it to another time slot.
cperrynaples LucyImHome1951 31 months ago
Not enough episodes for MeTV, but you can watch it on Amazon Prime! Yes, Arthur Godfrey destroyed Stanley, but Wells Fargo was a hit and even made it to color! You can see THAT show on Grit!
LucyImHome1951 cperrynaples 30 months ago
I said maybe.


text:
The Merry Sisters of Spring
Spring is one of my favorite times of the year – not because the sun is rising higher in the sky and the days are getting warmer and longer, but because the world has suddenly awakened to an explosion of happy flowers. All the flowers are not outside, and there is a virtual galaxy of smiling faces to greet you when you enter the greenhouse or solarium. Spring is the most prolific flowering time for the large-flowered Cattleya species and we are welcomed by some of the most beautiful stars in the orchid world, Cattleya mossiae, C. lueddemanniana, C. lawrenceana, C. mendelii, C. gaskelliana and C. warneri.
The brightest star in the galaxy is Cattleya mossiae, the national flower of Venezuela, and probably the most popular Cattleya species of all-time. Most people do not realize that this lovely plant has some of the largest flowers in the genus with many stretching over 8 inches across. The first Cattleya mossiae flowers described by William Hooker in 1836 were 8 ½ inches across and famous varieties like Mrs. J.T.Butterworth, FCC/AOS can reach 9 ½ inches. Only Cattleya warscewiczii flowers are larger.
Cattleya mossiae is one of the most free-flowering of the Cattleya species and 5 flowers on a flower spike is common. It has an almost irrepressible floriferousness and has been known to virtually bloom itself to death. It has always been recommended as a good plant for beginners because it is so easy to grow and flower. C. mossiae has a wonderful, bright fragrance that is stronger than all the other large-flowered Cattleya species except C. dowiana, and its lavender color is classic. It was actually called "orchid color" in the heyday of cut-flower cattleyas during the 1940s and 50s.
One of C. mossiae's charms is its distinctive shape where the petals tend to fall forward, unlike most of the other large-flowered Cattleya species where the petals stand out straight. The shape is really quite attractive if you ignore the opinions of the judging community, and it makes C. mossiae different and individual from the other Cattleya species. Shape is a dominant trait in C. mossiae and is usually passed on to its hybrids. C. mossiae has the longest flowering season of all the large-flowered Cattleya species. While it peaks in March and April in the United States, there are varieties that always flower in February. May, and even early June. Because it flowers in such abundance in late March and April, it quickly became known to commercial growers in the United States and Europe as "the Easter orchid" and growers learned how to manipulate greenhouse temperatures to make the plants come in bloom exactly the week before Easter.
Cattleya mossiae is in many ways the First Lady of cattleyas. It was the first cattleya pictured on the cover of the American Orchid Society Bulletin in the first year of the Bulletin's publication in 1932. It was the first orchid planted by Dr. Lewis Knudson when he developed the sterile technique for growing orchid seed. It was the first large-flowered Cattleya species that orchid growers could actually buy after John Lindley established the genus Cattleya, and it was first in the hearts of spring orchid show exhibitors as evidenced by the hundreds of varieties of C. mossiae they named over the past 150 years.
As beautiful and wonderful as it is, however, C. mossiae is not the only spring star. Another important and very popular species is Cattleya lueddemanniana which is a striking study in contrast to C. mossiae. C. lueddemanniana has a more conventional, upright shape than C. mossiae, but produces fewer flowers on a stem. Two flowers are normal with C. lueddemanniana compared with 4 or 5 with C. mossiae. This big difference in number of flowers made C. lueddemanniana unpopular with commercial cut-flower growers even though it was usually in flower for Easter. Because of this, relatively few plants of C. lueddemanniana were imported during the 1930s and 40s compared with C. mossiae where literally tens of thousands of plants were brought in to meet the demand for spring cattleya flowers. Because of its good shape, however, C. lueddemanniana has always been popular with hobbyists and hybridizers. Cattleya lueddemanniana has a shorter flowering season than C. mossiae and it is limited to March and early April. It also has a more subtle and delicate fragrance than C. mossiae. The biggest difference between them, however, is in their growth habit. C. mossiae completes its growth in the autumn in the United States and then roots and rests for several months before sending up buds and flowers in the spring. C. lueddemannina, on the other hand, is actively growing in the spring and it flowers before its new growth is fully mature. C. lueddemannina requires more sun than C. mossiae to get it to bloom and is not generally considered a beginners plant. There are many beautiful varieties of C. lueddemanniana, and it is often considered a connoisseur species in its native Venezuela. Like C. mossiae, C. lueddemanniana has been used extensively to produce spring-flowering cattleya hybrids largely because of its good shape. The cross between C. mossiae and C. lueddemanniana is the famous Cattleya Gravesiana, a common hybrid in Venezuela but rare today in the United States. C. Gravesiana is probably best known for its alba strains that were common cut-flowers during the 1930s and 1940s. Since C. mossiae is so floriferous and C. lueddemanniana has such good shape, C. Gravesiana enjoys both qualities and is a great hybrid. There are two general types of C. lueddemanniana, the large, light-colored coastal form and the smaller, darker Larense form. Both are beautiful and well worth growing.
One of the most charming of the spring cattleyas is Cattleya lawrenceana. Although this species has flowers only 2/3s the size of C. lueddemanniana, its flowers are presented very individually and give a truly enchanting effect. It reminds us that fine round shape is not really a necessary ingredient to make a cattleya flower attractive and appealing. C. lawrenceana also has an unusually long and thin tubular labellum that is quite different from all other Cattleya species. Because of this unusual lip, C. lawrenceana's status as a genuine Cattleya species has never been questioned.
Because it was collected almost to extinction during the late 1800s and early 1900s in its native Venezuela, Cattleya lawrenceana is not as common in orchid collections today. When it is present, however, it makes the spring bouquet sparkle and it is one of the first species to flower in March. C. lawrenceana is not as easy to grow as C. lueddemanniana or C. mossiae and it needs more careful watering to keep its roots healthy. It also prefers warmer night temperatures of 63- 65F. When well grown C. lueddemanniana produces an abundance of flowers – from 5 to 8 on a spike. Like C. lueddemanniana and C. mossiae, C. lawrenceana has a range of color forms from light to dark lavenders, albas, semialbas, albescens and even flammeas and coerulaes. The species comes primarily from Venezuela, but is also found in Brazil and Colombia in areas adjacent to the border of its Venezuelan home.
One of the most elegant and delicately colored of the spring stars is the large-flowered Colombian species, Cattleya mendelii. This species has a growth habit similar to C. mossiae and completes its growth in the autumn and rests for several months before sending up buds and flowers in the spring. It usually blooms in May in the United States. Like C. mossiae, C. mendelii is an easy-to-grow, trouble-free plant and a reliable producer of 2 to 4 flowers and is certainly recommended for beginners. The flowers are 6 to 7 inches across, but there was a strain of C. mendelii available during the late 1800s that had 8-inch flowers of very fine form, but most were lost to cultivation and it is rare to find one today. Most C. mendelii have petals that are light lavender and there are a number of beautiful semialba varieties with dark purple lips. The species has a mild and lovely fragrance.
The next of our spring stars has the distinction, historically, of filling the only vacant space in the year-round flowering display of the large-flowering Cattleya species. In 1882, there was still a brief period about late May when there were no cattleyas in bloom. Then in 1883, Cattleya gaskelliana was discovered and one Cattleya species or another was in bloom every day of the year. The event opened the door for cattleyas to become standard florists' blooms, available all the time like roses and carnations. No other orchid had this year-round flowering quality.
Cattleya gaskelliana is a very attractive species that I feel has not received the recognition it deserves. Because it blooms at one of the hottest times of the year in northern greenhouses, commercial growers were never enthusiastic about growing it - the flowers tended to be short-lived from the intense heat. Under normal growing conditions and cooler temperatures, the species has good lasting qualities staying in bloom over three weeks. C. gaskelliana flowers can be large - 7 inches across is not uncommon, and many varieties have good shape. The species is very free-flowering and produces 3 or 4 blooms on a spike. The plants are vigorous growers, produce multiple leads and can make great exhibition displays. They have a growth pattern similar to C. lueddemanniana and are actively growing in the spring, flowering as the pseudobulb is maturing. C. gaskelliana has some very good coerulae forms, like 'Blue Dragon' that have contributed significantly to the production of "blue" cattleya hybrids, and it was an important parent in the famous white hybrid, Cattleya Bow Bells.
The last of our spring stars is the late spring-flowering species, Cattleya warneri – the species that closes the curtain on springtime. Cattleya warneri begins growing in the winter and continues into the early spring, but unlike C. lueddemanniana and C. gaskelliana that produce flowers while the pseudobulb is still growing, C. warneri completes its growth before buds begin to form in the sheath. It starts growing before C. lueddemanniana and C. gaskelliana, but flowers after them. C. warner has fairly large flowers in the 6 to 7 inch range and there are a few that reach the 8-inch spread of C. mossiae. There is even a record of one plant the produced 9 inch flowers. C. warneri is the only spring-flowering Cattleya species that has a double sheath. Like its autumn-flowering sister, Cattleya labiata, that also has a double sheath, it is native to Brazil. Although most C. warneri have only fair shape, there have been a few really fine round varieties that were awarded by the Royal Horticultural Society in the late 1800s and early 1900s which contributed significantly to the high quality of early C. warneri hybrids.
Cattleya warneri has been an important contributor to producing June-flowering Cattleya hybrids. Its hybrids with the two summer-flowering species, Cattleya dowiana and C. warscewiczii produced Cattleya Comet and C. Dupreana, the two most important breeding plants for the June cut-flower market.
C. warneri had more of a struggle than most other cattleyas to establish itself as a genuine species. It was mistaken for Cattleya labiata originally and sat under the labiata-cloud for more than 100 years. It was actually described as a species in 1862 in the book, Select Orchidaceous Plants, published by the man for whom it was named. I have never understood, however, why orchid authorities kept associating it with C. labiata when it flowers at a totally different time of the year than C. labiata and has other distinct characteristics. C. warneri is a very rewarding plant to grow. It is a strong grower, resists rot well and produces multiple leads. Its flowers are more durable and resistant to heat damage than C. gaskelliana and it has a wide range of color forms from pale lavenders to dark purples. There are albas, semialbas, and coerulaes and the species has unusually clear coloring in its flowers. C. warneri presents a beautiful close to the spring season.
Spring is the time of year to celebrate the rebirth of nature, and the merry sisters of the large-flowered Cattleya species always keep the music moving at a high tempo. Their large brightly-colored flowers cascade across the orchid landscape as they happily welcome us to a new season.
Thursday, February 1, 2007 - 12:00
lueddemaniana
lawrenceana
William Hooker
Mrs. T. J. Butterworth
warscewiczii
dowiana
the Easter orchid
American Orchid Society
Dr. Lewis Knudson
John Lindley
Gravesiana
C. Gravesiana
Larense
semialba
albescens
flammeas
coerulaes
pseudobuld
Select Orchidaceous Plants


Page 140 - Sacstatesnow | Awesome Home Design Ideas Home Goods Mirrored Nightstand. Antler Lamp. Best Bedroom Air Purifier.
best home design ideas, like Home Goods Mirrored Nightstand. Antler Lamp. Best Bedroom Air Purifier.


How Do You Keep Your Weed Fresh?
How Do You Really Keep Your Weed Fresh?
No one wants crumbling, dried out, and lackluster medicine. So what do you do, to keep your weed as fresh as possible? What methods, and containers actually good for storing weed? Well, here at CVault we originally had the issue of keeping our weed in the "usual baggie" or cheapie storage jar. But Guess What? It didn't work. Those solutions were awful, and we decided to change the status quo. Therefore our solution to keep your weed fresh is the CVault.
So How Does The CVault Keep it Fresh?
Truly simple really. Our containers make an airtight seal to prevent air drying out your product. But it doesn't stop there. We just don't want to keep it from drying out, but we want to sustain the weed inside the container. Therefore we scientifically engineered the container with the power of 2-way humidity. The Boveda packs that keep the relative humidity inside the container at the perfect rate for not only long term storage but also for curing and reviving weed that may not be of the best quality.
As you can see, the CVault allows you to keep your weed stash fresh no matter the external conditions. And with either a 58% humidity pack (or a 62% percent humidity), you can truly keep your weed fresh for months on end without any loss of freshness at a fraction of the cost of having to toss your old weed out.
So if you're ready to give yourself the ultimate weed storage container, then get yourself vaulted now.


We are so used to these things - playing games on computers, watching movies, admiring beauty in art and drawn representations of ourselves. Things that essentially boil down to either images that flash in quick succession such that our brains interpret it as "movement", or patterns that stimulate the temporal regions that tell us to recognize them as pictures of people.
What if there was some other life out there, one just as advanced - if not more advanced - than us, but they did not have these things. Perhaps they could not recognize drawings of people in such a primitive 2D form, but can construct language and logic that facilitates the advancement to 3D imagery that they can recognize as art. Would not these people, were they to watch us, screaming with hype and joy and lust and sadness over what they could only recognize as a jumble of flashing lines on paper or screen, think us alien and strange.
Is it not alien or strange that we do this even if these creatures did not exist in the first place?


Since Marvel began its movie campaign and started putting all of its characters in the same universe, fans have wondered if DC Comics had plans to do the same. After all, it makes perfect sense. While Marvel sold off right to huge characters like Spider-Man, the X-Men and the Fantastic Four, DC has kept all of its characters in-house. Speaking at the New York Comic Con, DC Chief Creative Officer Geoff Johns revealed that there are plans to better utilize the properties by making two films per year once Harry Potter ends next summer. Apparently, that doesn't mean there will be a Justice League movie.
I like the Marvel characters a lot, but our characters, these characters are bigger than just a character on the street. It's very, very important that we introduce these characters and work on these characters and work on them like that. Rather than trying to smash everyone together, these characters do deserve to be spotlighted, and treated equally like A-list characters, like Superman and Batman"
Sadly, we won't be able to gauge this news until 2012 rolls around and we can determine whether Marvel's great experiment is a success or failure. This could very well be a studio dodging a bullet or missing out on an incredible opportunity. Until then, however, don't expect to see Zack Snyder's Superman pop up in Christopher Nolan's Batman or to see flashes of green light as Green Lantern flies over Gotham City and Metropolis.


You can find this in the settings of the phone. Go to the Settings and tap the 'Network Connections'.
Out of all the settings direct yourself to the VPN settings. Once you click this, you would be asked whether you want to create VPN. Click Add new VPN profile.
In the next page, you would be asked to enter the details of the VPN service. These information and details are generally sent to you by the service provider at the time of the registration. These are also known as the configuration settings. Enter the Profile Name, by which you would refer the profile by. The usual practice is to use the name of the VPN service you are using, however, it is not entirely necessary. Then enter the server address.
In the gateway type, choose Microsoft IKEv2 VPN server and for authentication choose 'EAP-MSCHAPv2'. Then you would have to enter the username and password. In the BB10, these are entered under the 'Authentication ID' and 'MSCHAPv2 Password'. Once you are done with these, just click 'Save' and you have created your VPN!
To connect to the VPN, you just have to go to the VPN settings and click the name of the VPN that you had set and you would be in! Using VPN service is a very good practice, especially if you travel a lot and are frequently faced with the problem of using internet in unknown connections.


While there are a lot of perks about Facebook, one of the coolest is a deal that they have with SFMOMA. Any Facebook employee who brings their badge can get free general admission to the museum. It doesn't include special exhibitions, but there's so many exhibits in the first place; as long as you like modern art, you'll find your cup of tea.
Although I say that, I did buy the special exhibition ticket. But I couldn't help it, the exhibit was on Rene Magritte, one of my favorite artists. If you haven't heard his name, you might know him from the famous bowler hat men. I love his subversion of expectations the most, like in his paintings "Le Vol" or "L'Invention Collectif".
This exhibit was on Magritte's later years, when his iconic bowler hats were a recurring motif. In addition, they had one of my favorite series, The Human Condition and its related paintings. I think the seamless blending of the canvas with the background is really innovative.


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Integ Roofing obtains all the necessary permits and schedules the requisite inspections, including a city inspection during the project and a final inspection after its completion. We hold regular safety meetings, and all work is supervised by our owner, Sean Bond. Integ Roofing is fully licensed, bonded, and insured; we provide proof of insurance with every quote. Please feel free to contact us today to learn more about roofing services in Rancho Palos Verdes.
Since 1997, Integ Roofing has been a leading roofing contractor in Los Angeles County and beyond, providing our valued customers with quality, affordable roof design and installation for commercial and residential buildings. Our attention to detail and skilled craftsmanship makes us the best value in attractive, functional, and long-lasting roofs. We will help you create a roof design that best suits the needs of your Rancho Palos Verdes home or building. We offer a wide selection of high-quality roofing materials such as slate, shingle, and tile, available in many colors, shapes, and sizes. Our skilled workers are highly trained in every aspect of roof installation and will always complete your project on time and within budget. We will also take great care to protect your property and maintain convenient access to your home or building during construction. All new Rancho Palos Verdes roof installations are covered by a full warranty, with a manufacturer guarantee provided for your protection. To learn more about new roof installation in Rancho Palos Verdes, call us today.
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Integ Roofing is the premier choice for comprehensive roof maintenance in Rancho Palos Verdes For over 15 years we have been providing our valued customers with affordable, quality roof maintenance for commercial and residential buildings. Regularly scheduled maintenance maximizes the life of your existing roof and reduces the need for costly repairs or replacement from leaks and weather damage. Our experienced roofing experts will perform a thorough inspection and design a maintenance program that meets both the requirements of your Rancho Palos Verdes home or commercial building and your budget. Call today to learn more about roof maintenance in Rancho Palos Verdes.
Integ Roofing is the leading provider of comprehensive roof inspection and repair for Rancho Palos Verdes commercial and residential buildings. We have been providing our valued customers in and beyond Rancho Palos Verdes in expert workmanship and fast response for more than 15 years. We accurately assess any damage to your roof and make thorough repairs as promptly as possible, with minimal disruption to your Rancho Palos Verdes home or business.
Our skilled and extensively trained repairmen will come to your location to survey your roof and evaluate the problem. They will perform a comprehensive inspection and provide you with a full report of your roof's condition along with professional advice on the repairs needed. Then, if extensive work is required, our experienced roofing experts will provide you with an upfront estimate. We can diagnose and expertly repair problems such as leaky roofs, damaged flashing, missing shingles, and much more. For additional information on roof inspection and repair in Rancho Palos Verdes, contact us today.
Integ Roofing is the leading provider of comprehensive roof inspection and repair for Rancho Palos Verdes commercial and residential buildings. We have been providing our valued customers in and beyond Rancho Palos Verdes with expert workmanship and fast response for more than 15 years. We accurately assess any damage to your roof and make thorough repairs as promptly as possible, with minimal disruption to your Rancho Palos Verdes home or business.


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PMMI Unveils New OEE Opportunity Calculator
Consistent data is a powerful tool, and key to identifying and selecting opportunities to improve operational performance. But, notes Mark Hanley, asset reliability manager, Land O'Lakes, who participates in AIOE's Operational Reliability Solutions Group, "When users don't understand the data, it's not nearly as helpful."
The Alliance for Innovation & Operational Excellence (AIOE)
Reston, Va. — The Alliance for Innovation and Operational Excellence (AIOE), founded by PMMI, The Association for Packaging and Processing Technologies in 2011, has released an Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Opportunity Calculator.
According to Steve Schlegel, AIOE co-managing director, this is the first time any group has created a common tool to identify opportunities for improvement, develop project pipelines and track progress.
"OEE has been the most broadly adopted measurement tool for companies engaging in a continuous improvement initiative, but it's not the only one out there." Schlegel says. "AIOE members selected OEE as a common method of measurement, because when a continuous improvement initiative has OEE as its key performance indicator, companies can better understand where opportunities for improvement exist. OEE provides a common set of references and common terminologies."
That lack of common terminology and criteria can be a roadblock to collaboration. This challenge led the consumer packaged goods companies (CPGs) and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of AIOE's Operational Reliability Solutions Group to create the OEE Opportunity Calculator and a supporting publication, "Overall Equipment Effectiveness: Guidelines for the CPG Industry and Its Suppliers."
The calculator, based on Microsoft Excel, allows users to quickly and simply generate an estimate of potential savings on a production line as a result of OEE improvements.
"One of our objectives was to make this calculator as easy to learn and use as possible. In addition to the software, which is commonly available, the data you input is common operational and financial data. You come away with an estimate of the value of the improvements you're planning," Schlegel says.
"How do you demonstrate to management the value of a 1 point improvement in OEE? One thing that helps is remembering that it's not the OEE number itself you are after. It's the use of that number to help you guide your improvement efforts," Hanley says.
Still, Schlegel says, initiating a continuous improvement program like OEE can be difficult regardless of the benefits. That's simply because of internal support, resistance to change and a perception of shortages of resources such as understanding, budget, personnel and time.
"Now, with minimal resources and an industry-standard template, an organization can estimate potential financial impacts an improvement in OEE can generate. Subsequently, a production team can use that information to generate buy-in from key stakeholders to initiate a continuous improvement program," says Schlegel.
Conversation and common ground such as this are at the backbone of PMMI, The Association for Packaging and Processing Technologies. PMMI founded AIOE in 2011 as part of its mission to convene the packaging and processing supply chain.
The AIOE OEE Opportunity Calculator is online and available at no charge at PMMI.org/alliance.
About PMMI
PMMI, The Association for Packaging and Processing Technologies, is a trade association representing over 600 packaging and processing supply chain companies that provide a full range of packaging and processing machinery, materials, components and containers. PMMI actively brings buyers and sellers together through programs and events such as The PACK EXPO family of trade shows, packexpo.com, PMT Magazine, PACK EXPO Show Daily, networking events and educational programs. Learn more about PMMI and the PACK EXPO trade shows at PMMI.org and packexpo.com.
About AIOE
The Alliance for Innovation & Operational Excellence (AIOE) was founded by PMMI in 2011 to facilitate the development of solutions to common operational challenges through the collaboration of the manufacturing and engineering professionals in consumer products companies and their suppliers.
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The Kalorik WCL-20629 18 bottle dual zone wine cooler features digital controls with an LCD display that make it easy to set the temperature. It has scalloped chrome shelves to cradle and display the bottles of wine. It is energy efficient -- only uses about as much energy as a 75-watt light bulb. The WCL-20629 wine cooler also features soft interior LED lighting with an on/off switch.
The Kalorik WCL-20629 dual zone wine cooler stores wine at the optimal temperature and humidity conditions, keeping it safe and ready to enjoy.
The WCL-20629 18 bottle wine cooler features an upper zone with 2 levels that can each hold up to 3 bottles of white. It also has a lower zone with 4 levels that hold 3 bottles of red each.
To avoid the vibrations caused by compressor cooling systems, this wine cooler comes with a thermoelectric cooling system. Vibrations disturb the sediments in the wine, disrupting the aging process.
No Freon is used in this wine cooler, which can be harmful to the planet.
The WCl-20629 only has one moving part, the ventilating fan, so it generates a minimal amount of noise.
Product Dimensions: L: 19.30" x W: 13.50" x H: 26.00"


Rust is found everywhere and is a common occurrence.
Rust is a general term for various forms of iron oxide.
They are formed by the chemical reaction between iron and oxygen in the presence of water. Oxygen is found in the air we breathe and water can be found in the humidity in the air or as liquids normally found around us.
Rust is actually Fe2O3, a reddish form of iron oxide. Iron has another oxide, Fe3O4, which is sometimes called black oxide or black rust. Red rust is found in oxygen rich environments and black rust is found in oxygen poor environments such as under water. Black oxide is a good protection for steel. Like aluminum oxide, black oxide molecules are the same size as iron molecules, so black oxide does not grow or flake. Black oxide is true gun bluing and the oxide found on some drill bits. Black oxide is also seen on iron and steel that has been hot-worked.
Rust starts by appearing as a light dusting on a piece of unprotected steel or alloy of such. As rusting progresses, the rust particle starts to grow and in the case of red rust, starts to flake off the base metal. Rust actually removes the iron that the oxygen and water react with, leaving the base metal "pitted". the pitting is not noticeable if the rust is light enough and can be objectionable if heavy or severe rusting occurs.
Rusting is the commonly known as corrosion of iron and its alloys, such as steel or cast irons. Other metals undergo similar corrosion, although the resulting oxides are not commonly called rust.
Given enough time, the oxygen, water, and any iron mass eventually converts entirely to rust and ultimately disintegrates. The corrosion of aluminum is extremely slow because the resulting aluminum oxide forms a semi protective barrier or coating, which protects the remaining aluminum. The protective barrier is a process known as passivation.
The rust expanding or puffing causes cracks and voids, which expose more bare metal to the environment. So the rusting of iron can progress and is only limited by destruction of all solid iron. Other metals oxidize, but the oxides of some other metals are no larger than the metal themselves, so they don't puff up or flake. For example, aluminum doesn't puff up when it oxidizes. This helps make aluminum oxide a good protective coating, rather than the start of rapid degeneration.
It takes oxygen, water and iron to start and promote rusting. Therefore removing one of these items will cause the reaction to stop. The following sources of water will increase this reaction and discussed below.
Humidity: Is the amount of water found in the air we breathe. The amount of humidity depends on temperature and a source of water like a large body of water. We can find the greatest amount of humidity on hot humid days. On these days, rusting can be greatly accelerated as compared to cold dry winter days. Dehumidification can greatly reduce the amount of water in hot humid air.
Water: Water is all around us and can be found in air, rain, and other sources. increasing the amount of water around iron parts will increase its rate of rusting.
Salt Water: Salt water is especially corrosive to iron or steel. Ships, marinas, coastlines and other similar areas are greatly bothered by rust corrosion. Winters in the north are culprits to rusting cars out prematurely due to "salting" the roads for traction.
Painting: Painting adequately protects metals from corrosion. The key with painting is to paint over metal free of contamination. The metal needs to be free of oils/greases and rust/carbons. even if you remove all the contaminants except for all of the rust, the rust will continue to rusting under the paint and prematurely peeling off the paint coating.
Rust Preventatives: Preventatives do not offer the protection of paints. This coating provides rust prevention if the coating is not washed off, left outside or similar. Usually used in-between processes or in protected environments.
Rust Inhibitors: Inhibitors are only used for short term to stop parts from rusting quickly and are easily removed.
VCI materials: Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors some chemicals emit a vapor that resists moisture from the air from reaching the surface of the ferrous materials, thus inhibiting oxide formation. Usually used in closed containers or wrapped objects.
Cathodic Protection: Used on automobiles to slow the rusting process. Operates on cathode and anode principles.
Heat: Heat up a part with high heat using a acetylene torch or similar. This will remove most of the rust and may be aided by hitting with a hammer.
Acids: Acids have been typically used in the past. They work well but are hazardous to the employees and your health. Requires protective equipment and safety precautions. Acids must be thoroughly rinsed with clean water several times to remove all the acids. Disposal can be expensive and mandatory.
Electrolytic: Uses electric current to set up an anode and cathode reaction with the iron oxide. Can take up to a week to remove rust. Also corners, sharp edges, etc. are not adequately cleaned of rust due to faraday effects.
Chelation: New technology that uses non-hazardous chelant technology chemicals to remove the rust. Chelant is pronounced "key-lant".
It always best to protect the metal in one way or another.


"Effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on human working memory function" by Matthijs G. Bossong, J Martijn Jansma et al.
Bossong, M. G., Jansma, J. Martijn., van Hell, H. H., Jager, G., Oudman, E., Saliasi, E., Kahn, R. S. & Ramsey, N. F. (2012). Effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on human working memory function. Biological Psychiatry, 71 (8), 693-699.
Background: Evidence indicates involvement of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in both the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and working memory (WM) function. Additionally, schizophrenia patients exhibit relatively strong WM deficits. These findings suggest the possibility that the eCB system is also involved in WM deficits in schizophrenia. In the present study, we examined if perturbation of the eCB system can induce abnormal WM activity in healthy subjects. Methods: A pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study was conducted with a placebo-controlled, cross-over design, investigating effects of the eCB agonist Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on WM function in 17 healthy volunteers, by means of a parametric Sternberg item-recognition paradigm with five difficulty levels. Results: Performance accuracy was significantly reduced after Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. In the placebo condition, brain activity increased linearly with rising WM load. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol administration enhanced activity for low WM loads and reduced the linear relationship between WM load and activity in the WM system as a whole and in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and cerebellum in particular. Conclusions: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol enhanced WM activity network-wide for low loads, while reducing the load-dependent response for increasing WM loads. These results indicate that a challenged eCB system can induce both abnormal WM activity and WM performance deficits and provide an argument for the possibility of eCB involvement in WM deficits in schizophrenia.


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Global Economic Conditions Ended 2018 on an Upbeat Note, But Market Conditions Vary Around the World
At a macro level, economic conditions around the globe ended 2018 on an upbeat note. Global consumer confidence was at its highest level in 14 years, but 39 of the 64 countries included in the global Consumer Confidence Index reported declines in consumer sentiment.
Fast-moving consumer goods and GDP growth in Q4 2018 was strongest in Asia-Pacific, and consumers in the region feel the best globally about their financial well-being. Comparatively, only 37% of consumers in Europe believe their conditions have improved over the past five years.
Demographics	 07-03-2019
Balance For Better: A Dream or Reality for Women Around the World?
In a new gender-focused study, we looked at consumer confidence, economic sentiment and spending intentions by gender over the past five years to understand how the needs and wants of female consumers have evolved.
For Better or Worse: How Global Consumer Spending is Evolving
Globally, 58%of global consumers feel they are better off financially than they were five years ago, but there is also a sizeable proportion of consumers who feel that they are only in survival mode, with sentiment differing considerably by region and country.
Changing Consumer Prosperity
The Nielsen Changing Consumer Prosperity report reveals consumers' sentiment toward their financial situations and explores the behavior and impact on spending, and how this has changed over time.
Global Economic and Spending Trends Stay Positive Past the Year's Midway Mark
As 2018 starts to wind down, economic and consumer spending trends for a majority of markets around the world are in better standing than they were earlier in the year.
Confidence on a global scale ended the third quarter two points higher than in the previous period and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sales in many countries are trending upward as a result.
Rising Fuel Prices Set To Derail Consumer Outlook In The Pacific
Results from The Conference Board® Global Consumer Confidence Survey*, conducted in collaboration with Nielsen, revealed that the outlook for Australian consumers is still relatively austere compared to New Zealanders. The survey also revealed that there are a growing number of consumers across...
Generally speaking, global conditions for the FMCG industry remained positive in second-quarter 2018. Some regions showed significant growth promise, while others showed a slight pullback from gains earlier in the year. With many markets experiencing notable increases in GDP growth, conditions were...
Creative Optimisation
On-Shelf Solutions
Sports Measurement


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Blended LNG training
With the launch of a joint Interreg project, the Netherlands and Germany have joined forces in making shipping cleaner and more sustainable. The various project partners were given the challenge of using new technologies to realise these objectives. However, the introduction of these new technologies also demands the correct education of the staff involved.
Innovam was asked to contribute its knowledge and experience in the field of 'blended learning' to evaluate which current methods best match these innovations so that the new training programmes and the training of staff on ships and in ports can be organised as effectively and sustainably as possible. In addition to searching for the correct methods, a varied range of training materials will be developed so as to test whether this approach really does lead to the desired learning effect. In this respect, the existing classroom training 'Introduction to LNG technology' has been indicated as being the leading topic and forms the theme on which the new 'blended' training materials will be developed.
In collaboration with its project partners, Innovam was the first to carry out a target group survey. This analysis exposes who the target group is, but also how it learns and improves knowledge and skills. Additionally, a study was also conducted on their access to future teaching material and whether offering online material would cause problems due to no or limited access to the Internet. The various training materials to be developed, will be designed on the basis of these results. The existing classroom training programme 'Introduction to LNG technology' was selected as the starting point. This classroom training programme has been converted into a Blended Learning variant – a combination of an e-learning module and a shortened classroom component. E-learning with interactive animations enables the participant to follow classes and study the available theory at his or her own individual speed and on demand. The shortened classroom training programme focuses on the required practical skills. While participating in the training programme, data is collected regarding whether and how the student follows the course and the results he or she attains for the various components. This is important in view of the final examination. This examination guarantees an extension of competence for working with LNG fuels and systems. In addition to the e-learning and classroom materials, two extra training components are also being developed in which Augmented and Virtual Reality are used to test whether these new technologies represent any added value in the learning result that is to be achieved. If this is successful, these innovative technologies will be used more frequently in the development of blended training materials.
The target group analysis has created a clear picture of who the target group is and how it learns. This has been used to define a blended package of teaching materials. These will be developed in 2017. At the end of 2017, tests will be carried out to evaluate whether and how these materials can contribute to the improvement of the target group's learning results. The package of teaching materials and the innovative approach enable the participants to learn at their own individual speed and to prepare for the final examination. Consequently, employers do not have to miss their staff for long and the success rate rises. Moreover, participants now have the opportunity to follow parts of the training programme on board ship, making them less dependent on the often limited times that they are berthed at the quayside.
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If you think your employer is interested in managing your career for you in the way that you would like, you are mistaken. You need to.
You know, I've worked in search for many years and now I do career and leadership coaching and I just want to say too many of you who are early or mid career. . . . And even those of you who are late career, you've probably noticed that fewer and fewer employers are training people for the roles that will follow. By that I mean they hire you for a job today. How do you develop the skills and the experiences for the next role, the "Step Up in Class," the one that you evolve to naturally, the one that really challenges you?
So, Warren Buffett, I think, put it very well when he said "invest in yourself." You need to make investments in yourself regularly to learn the things that you're going to need to and experience the things that you're going to need to experience in order to step up in class because fewer organizations are training, right?
So, just remember where you are today isn't where you want to be five years from now. How do you bridge the gap? Do you think that your employer is going to give it to you? Probably not. Will they give you a small piece of it? Maybe, but ultimately you need to learn, you need to grow, you need to be in environments that are going to challenge you so that you can change.
When I started off in recruiting back in The Stone Age's, the tech was very different than it is today. I learned that if I pushed myself hard, I got different kinds of experiences and, thus, was able to stay current with the evolutions in the tech that even I ,as a recruiter, needed to understand and be aware of.
For you, read ahead. Notice how things are evolving in your field. Take the classes. Write the checks to take the classes. Tried to get the reimbursement from your organization but know that for you you're going to receive the greatest value from this and if your organization doesn't want to take advantage of it, push to get to an organization that will because if you stay exactly as they position you when that org short, you are going to get bored. You're going to get emotionally wiped out and it's going to be hard for you to feel like it's anything more than a job, with that template of what a job is like, that you're going to grow to loathe.
So, learn. Grow. Evolve. Change.
Hope you found this helpful. I'm Jeff Altman, The Big Game Hunter. If you're interested in a career transition, if you're interested in support for a job search or your leadership, reach out to me through Linkedin at linkedin.com//in/TheBigGameHunter and connect with me. Once we're connected, message that you're interested in coaching.


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BSI, Inc. Stock Certificate
In November 1947, Edgar W. Smith, Christopher Morley, and Vincent Starrett joined together to formally incorporate The Baker Street Irregulars. Smith described it as a "miniscule corporation...which has been created for the philanthropic purpose of defending before the law the public rights and equities of Sherlock Holmes." While there was now both a BSI social body and a BSI, Inc., the nature and constituency of the social body was not affected.
The stock certificate shown above, for one share in The Baker Street Irregulars, Inc., was issued to William S. Hall and dated January 22, 1948. Christopher Morley signed the certificate as the President of the BSI Inc. Miriam Alexander served as Secretary-Treasurer and also signed it. She was Edgar W. Smith's secretary at GM Overseas Operations.
The certificate number of "4" and the certificate date suggest that Hall received his share directly after the three founders. Based on a 1948 Smith letter, Hall probably paid $200 for his share. Other early shareholders included Frank V. Morley, Richard W. Clarke, Carl Anderson, Ben Abramson and Julian Wolff.
The BSI Trust acquired Hall's stock certificate in 2014.
Reports about the BSI, Inc.:
The Baker Street Journal Old Series v3 n2 (April 1948) pp. 135-136, 259. (available in the eBSJ)
1948 BSI Meeting Minutes (digitized images at Harvard)
2 pages, Sequence 119-120.
The Baker Street Irregulars, Irregular Crises of the Late 'Forties, ed. Jon L. Lellenberg, (New York: The Baker Street Irregulars, 1999). See especially pp. 104-156.
Letter, Smith to Morley, 2/9/48 (digitized image at Harvard)
Mentions Hall's investment in the BSI, Inc.
The 1948 BSI Dinner (endorsement of incorporation)
See all the BSI Memorabilia on our website
Page composed on 8/19/14 by Randall Stock.
In November 1947, Edgar W. Smith, Christopher Morley, and Vincent Starrett joined together to formally incorporate The Baker Street Irreg...
1940s, Memorabilia
Russell Merritt Interview: Oral History Project
Russell Merritt (The Trepoff Murder, 1960) says he has a single claim to fame: he first read A Study in Scarlet in an actual copy of Beeton's Christmas Annual 1887. He gave the 2015 keynote address at the Sherlock Holmes Society of London Meeting at the House of Commons, and was instrumental in the restoration of the long-lost William Gillette film Sherlock Holmes. He has written and spoken about Holmes in the movies in the the 2014 BSJ Christmas Annual, the 2013 BSI Dinner, and the 2012 BSI UCLA conference. Merritt has also contributed to the BSJ, the SHJ, and a chapter to the BSI Manuscript series book Out of the Abyss. He has been going to BSI Dinners since 1958 and has wonderful stories to tell about the early days of the BSI.
Merritt has also taught for many years as a Visiting and Adjunct Professor in the Film Studies and Media Department at the University of California, Berkeley. He has written two books with J. B. Kaufman on Walt Disney's early films and has authored numerous articles on D. W. Griffith, Sergei Eisenstein, Disney, colour theory, animation, and early film.
Click to play this interview.
Interviewee: Russell Merritt
Interview date: March 13, 2008
Interview Length: 1 hour 52 minutes
Russell Merritt received his Investiture at this BSI Dinner.
Out of the Abyss - "The Empty House" (at the BSI website)
Merritt writes on "Colonel Moran and Celluloid Air-Guns"
BSJ 2016 Christmas Annual
Merritt edited the issue about Gillette's Sherlock Holmes movie
The 1932 Clive Brook Sherlock Holmes Feature — Restored at Last
Merritt discusses the restored film (at I Hear of Sherlock)
Holmes and the Snake Skin Suits: Fighting for Survival on '50s Television
Merritt writes about Holmes on TV in the 1950s (at Best of Sherlock)
Page composed on 8/9/14 by Randall Stock.
Russell Merritt (The Trepoff Murder, 1960) says he has a single claim to fame: he first read A Study in Scarlet in an actual co...
Festivities on the 97th anniversary of the Master's birth commenced at 6:45pm with dispatches from scion societies in Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, and Denmark, as well as greetings from President Harry S. Truman.
Paul Gore-Booth reported on the favorable prospects for the mounting of a Sherlock Holmes exhibition by the St. Marylebone Borough Council during the forthcoming Festival of Britain. This development had already received coverage in The London Times. James Montgomery presented the attendees with a medley of songs, concluding with his leading the assemblage singing "We Never Mention Aunt Clara."
The first annual Designation for Scientific Merit was awarded to the Six Napoleons of Baltimore for "assiduous and scholarly pursuit of their endeavors." This distinction was marked by the gift of a plaster bust of the titular ruler to Lloyd H. Denton, "past master" of the Baltimore group. Of especial note is the presentation by Roger G. Harris of the Amateur Mendicant Society of Detroit regarding the erection of a plaque in the Criterion Bar in London to commemorate John Watson and Stamford's initial meeting, "without which all would have been naught." Some funds had already been collected towards this end. However, a dispute arose over whether the plaque should be placed in that suggested location, at 111 Baker Street, or in the laboratory of St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Edgar W. Smith, Buttons-cum-Commissionaire, was charged to confer with the Detroit Society and to mediate a final decision.
Racquet and Tennis Club, New York, NY
Carl H. Anderson as The Resident Patient
Rolfe Boswell as The Five Orange Pips
Roger Clapp as Wilson, the Notorious Canary Trainer
Benjamin S. Clark as The Retired Colourman
Basil Davenport as Thor Bridge
Isaac S. George as The Veiled Lodger
Peter Greig as The Three Gables
Herbert T. Hand Jr. as The Missing Three-Quarter*
Page Heldenbrand as Charles Augustus Milverton
Cyril A. Keller as The Colossal Schemes of Baron Maupertuis
George Macy as The Bruce-Partington Plans
Svend Petersen as The Mazarin Stone
David A. Randall as The Golden Pince-Nez*
Herbert W. Starr as The Three Students
Thomas L. Stix as The Darlington Substitution Scandal
Norman W. Ward as The Priory School
Frank Waters as The Yellow Face
Manly Wade Wellman as Wisteria Lodge
Not awarded until 1962.
Not identified; possibly none.
None this year.
1951 BSI Dinner Minutes (digitized images at Harvard)
Note: the minutes repeat some past investitures from 1944.
List of 1951 BSI Dinner Attendees (digitized image at Harvard)
Cover, interior, and back. Sequence 35-37.
Blegen, Theodore C., "The Crowded Box-Room, Sherlock Holmes as Poet" (digitized images at Harvard)
Brochure (which may have been distributed at the 1951 BSI Dinner) announcing a new book. 3 pages. Sequence 38-40.
"An Ideal Interview with Sherlock Holmes" by "Anyhow"
Reprint booklet by the House of El Dieff from The Bohemian 1.5 (October 1893), distributed at the 1951 BSI Dinner (De Waal C21720).
Page updated 3/22/15 by Andy Solberg.
Page updated 8/1/19 by Randall Stock.
Festivities on the 97th anniversary of the Master's birth commenced at 6:45pm with dispatches from scion societies in Boston, Chicago, Cl...
Two-Shilling Award: William S. Hall
Julian Wolff initiated the "Two-Shilling Award" in 1962, and bestowed this first "extraordinary Irregular award" on Rex Stout "for extraordinary devotion to the cause beyond the call of duty." In 1966, Wolff gave the fifth Two-Shilling Award to William S. Hall, "one of our Founding Fathers."
William S. Hall was, indeed, there at the beginning. A member of Christopher Morley's Three Hours For Lunch Club and Grillparzer Club (Morley's clubs that eventually morphed into the BSI), Hall frequently was mentioned in Morley's Saturday Review of Literature articles. Hall attended the "first meeting" of the BSI, on January 6, 1934. In his 1/27/1934 "Bowling Green" article, Morley wrote:
W.S.H. [i.e., Bill Hall] secretary of the Baker Street Irregulars, has allowed us to look over the minutes of the first meeting of the club."
In 1944, when Edgar Smith instituted Investiture in the BSI, Hall was part of the first class of Investitures, as The Blue Carbuncle.
The Two-Shilling Award is a tradition that has lasted through the years, and it is still periodically bestowed on worthy BSI. For a list of Two-Shilling Award recipients, see our Links page.
The BSI Trust acquired Hall's Two-Shilling Award in 2014.
The 1944 BSI Dinner (Hall's investiture)
Page composed on 9/6/14 by Andy Solberg.
This page last updated 9/7/14 by Andy Solberg.
Julian Wolff initiated the "Two-Shilling Award" in 1962, and bestowed this first "extraordinary Irregular award" on Rex Stout "for...


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ISIS is out of Iraq, but the damage in Mosul remains
By Seb Walker Jul 20, 2017
This segment originally aired July 12, 2017, on VICE News Tonight on HBO.
One day after Iraqi forces declared victory over ISIS in Mosul, airstrikes and heavy gunfire continued to shake a city that's been at the center of fierce fighting for months—and where, three years ago, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi first declared an ISIS caliphate.
As of July 12, when this segment aired, American military officials said they still didn't know whether the elusive leader of the Islamic State group is alive or dead. But what's certain is that a monumental task lies ahead — rebuilding what's left of Iraq's second largest city.
In the Old City alone, more than 5,000 buildings have been damaged and some of Mosul's neighborhoods are more than 80 percent destroyed.
VICE News was on the ground to see the collateral damage caused by driving ISIS out of Mosul.


Ambition can be deadly in pop music – think prog rock, Tommy on Broadway, and, more recently, outsize double-CD sets from rappers making bids for self-canonization. But well into the post-punk era of lowered expectations, at a time when serious artists like Pavement are content to make modest statements within their own genres, a little overreaching can be a good thing.
The French duo Air cite the expansive soundscapes of the Brian Wilson-produced Pet Sounds as an inspiration for the undulating grooves of their first album, Moon Safari. But they also took their kitschy space-age pop with deadening seriousness, giving the album plenty of ironic distance but little in the way of emotional resonance. Still, Air's nods to Serge Gainsbourg, Burt Bacharach, and elevator music hinted at great things to come, and they fulfill that promise on the soundtrack to Sofia Coppola's The Virgin Suicides (Astralwerks/Virgin), trading in their Moogs and Mellotrons for drums and guitars without losing their plastic-fantastic vibe. The chiming synths and guitar sprawl of "Bathroom Girl" sound like a gospelized Ziggy Stardust; the high-pitched chants of "Cemetery Party" are almost seraphic; and the plaintive acoustic guitar and bluesy piano on "Highschool Lover (Theme From The Virgin Suicides)" matches the quiet power of Aimee Mann's music for Magnolia.
Femi Kuti came into his ambition the old-fashioned way: He inherited it. His father, the late Nigerian saxophonist and bandleader Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, created Afro pop by blending free-form jazz, traditional Yoruba music, and the funk of James Brown, but he railed against his son's saxophone playing before eventually accepting him. The two had ideological differences (Femi shares his father's political activism but is more diplomatic toward the Nigerian government) as well as musical ones, but unlike the second generation Marleys, Femi takes purposeful steps out of his father's shadow. Fela's songs evolved as jazzy jam sessions best appreciated with repeated listenings, but Femi's debut album, Shoki Shoki (MCA), leans toward rollicking, horn-driven funk with manic polyrhythms aimed directly at the dance floor. Only occasionally does Femi fall into his own formula – several of his songs begin with an exuberant "A-ha!" followed by chicken-scratch guitar playing and big horn bursts from his band.
electronic-music producer William Orbit didn't inherit genius genes, but no one can fault his lineage: His amniotic sonic backdrop lent some depth to Ricky Martin's duet with Madonna, "Be Careful (Cuidado con Mi Corazon)" and he gave Madonna's Ray of Light enough thumping house grooves and trippy trance beats to make her New Age self-righteousness bearable. He also made moody, ambient music in the eighties under the names Bass-O-Matic and Strange Cargo, but his Pieces in a Modern Style (Maverick) is a riskier move: The album is devoted to faithful synthesizer interpretations of classical-music compositions from the likes of Handel, Beethoven, and Ravel. It's intermittently successful, as on the washing tones on Ravel's "Pavane Pour une Infante Défunte," the sprightly keyboard playing on Vivaldi's "L'Inverno," the moody synth notes that stand in for the titular strings on Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings.
Unfortunately, classical music has been a dubious trope in electronic work since Switched-On Bach, and Pieces has a preciousness that can be off-putting. Orbit doesn't help matters by sticking to well-known compositions – such as Barber's Adagio, also familiar as the theme to Oliver Stone's Platoon – over more obscure ones he might be able to put a distinctive mark on. Too often, his faithfulness turns into meticulousness, resulting in an album that's as formally impressive but as snooze-inducingly detailed as a special-effects-addled blockbuster. Like Kruder & Dorfmeister, an Austrian production duo who make the kind of austere electronic music that's become the soundtrack to boutique shopping in SoHo, Orbit aims for high culture and just ends up low on pop pleasures.
At their best, Air, Kuti, and Orbit represent pop music's creative frontier, a place where genres collide into one another and orthodoxies are cast aside. But as a previous generation of ambitious conceptualists proved in the seventies, pop sometimes works best when ideas are rationed sparingly.


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River Monsters
Available Full Episodes
These cheetah were raised with English Labs and they've remained the best of friends to this day.
Cheetah and Pups Become Best Friends
As long as your pup isn't aggressive and is up to date on vaccines, dog parks are a great place for socialization and fun!
Why Dr. Jeff Likes Dog Parks
No wonder Anthony is hosting this show!
Animal Nation with Anthony Anderson
Anthony Anderson is an Animal Whiz
Cats are creatures of habit. If they're acting off, chances are they might need to visit the vet.
Is My Cat Sick?
Coral Reef Killer
When a snorkeler is impaled & killed by an unseen underwater assailant in the waters surrounding the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia, Jeremy Wade travels to the islands to investigate a spate of similar attacks across the region.
Return of the Killer Catfish
Jeremy Wade investigates a case in Nepal that sounds strangely familiar - a lone fisherman dragged off his feet & into a mountain river by an unseen creature. Is the original river monster, the goonch catfish, back from the brink?
Volcanic Island Terror
On a volcanic island in the Pacific, a fishing community is terrorized by something in the water that's left behind a trail of bloodied victims. The only clue to the attacker's identity is the puncture wound it's left behind.
Malaysian Lake Monster
After two men vanish from a remote lake in Malaysia, Jeremy Wade sets out to track down the possible culprit. A trail of evidence leads Jeremy into an ancient rainforest, where an old adversary lies in wait.
Jeremy's Monster Story
In this special episode, Jeremy reveals brand-new personal insights and untold stories behind the most epic and challenging adventures of his River Monsters career.
Paul Watson is captain of Sea Shepherd, a radical environmental group made up of self-proclaimed eco-pirates who fight for marine conservation. Their mission is to stop Japanese fishing vessels from killing whales in Antarctica.
Nothing's Ideal
Sea Shepherds finally spot a Japanese whaling ship, the harpoon vessel Yushin Maru #2. Captain Paul Watson devises a dangerous plan for two of his crew members to board the Yushin fleet and deliver a letter telling them to stop the killing of whales.
International Incidents R Us
With Ben & Giles of Sea Shepherd being held hostage aboard the Japanese whaling ship Yushin Maru #2, Captain Paul Watson is pleased at the international media storm he's created & rejects an offer from whalers to release the hostages.
We Are Hooligans
After three long days, Pottsy and Giles are transferred back from the Yushin Maru and become instant celebrities with the media. Just as they are settling back in, the crew discovers that an unknown ship has been following them!
Doors Slamming and Things Breaking
The ship's engineer reports that one of two engines is broken. Now they will be unable to keep up with the Japanese whalers and are forced to return to Melbourne for repairs. While heading back, they have to navigate through a massive oceanic storm.
Armed with new volunteers, the Sea Shepherds head out to sea to find the Japanese whaling ships. After they pinpoint the fleet's location, the Captain raises the stakes and plans for another boarding. This time it will be an all-female boarding team!
The Sea Shepherds have finally found the most important ship in the Japanese whaling fleet, the Nisshin Maru factory ship. Everything has led to this moment and despite warnings from the Japanese whalers, the Sea Shepherds strike.
The Sound of Ice
The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society volunteers head to Antarctica for their most intense anti-whaling campaign yet. No sooner does the ship leave port than the ship's Gyro breaks and they hit a massive storm the size of Australia.
The Flexibility of Steel
A huge weather system moves in and the ship is forced to take shelter behind a large iceberg. They are surrounded by ice so thick they can no longer move and it threatens to severely damage the ship.
As Bad as Our Bark
The Sea Shepherd volunteers gather intel on the Japanese fleet's location and realize that they are low on fuel. Then, they come across the entire Japanese fleet searching for one of their crew members who has fallen overboard.
Yum Yum, Eat Crow
The Sea Shepherd finds the Japanese fleet searching for a crew member that fell overboard. The Captain orders his crew to head back to port. There, a stranger hands the captain a letter filled with a mysterious white powder.