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Tag Archives: stagecoach
Stagecoach taverns spurred Kendall County's growth
While Kendall County was home to several small motels during the 20th Century, the construction of larger facilities like Holiday and Hampton inns didn't start until the last population surge in the 1990s.
Oswego's stately National Hotel (with pillars above) was the village's premier hotel during its time as the Kendall County Seat. The National was destroyed by fire in February 1867. (Little White School Museum collection)
Time was, of course, every village in the county had at least one hotel, and sometimes more. Oswego, during the years it was the Kendall County Seat, had three hotels, the National Hotel, the Smith House, and the Kendall House.
Hotels and taverns were once vital to Kendall County's growth—and by "tavern" I'm using the old definition of the word synonymous with inn. Today, a tavern is a place that sells alcoholic beverages, but in Kendall County of the 1820s and 1830s, taverns were places where weary travelers could rest for the evening, buy a meal while on the road, or both. In addition, taverns sometimes played the role of courthouse, church, and community meeting hall—not to mention polling place.
The National wasn't just a hotel; it was also a community meeting place. And when the county seat was moved to Oswego in 1845, the first term of the circuit court was held there. (Little White School Museum collection)
Typical stagecoach-era tavern fare for supper included bread, butter, potatoes and fried pork washed down by strong coffee, cider, wine, rum, brandy or whiskey. Breakfast was good old American bacon and eggs with corn bread and more coffee. Sleeping accommodations were generally in one large room—privacy was one of the casualties of travel in the 1830s—usually with more than one traveler per bed.
Lodging in the area west of Chicago often cost 12-1/2 cents a night, with 25 cents charged for combined supper and breakfast. Dinner—served at noon—was often 50 cents.
The county's first inn was established on a road that was both old and new. In 1831, the High Prairie Trail from Chicago to Ottawa was laid out by state officials as both northern Illinois' newest official road and one of its most established Indian trails. The road started at the shore of Lake Michigan near the muddy banks of the Chicago River and extended almost due west to the ford across the Des Plaines River—no bridges in those days, either—at modern Riverside. From there, the road headed west to Capt. Joseph Naper's settlement at the DuPage River ford (now Naperville) before turning southwest towards Walker's Grove—modern Plainfield. Leaving Plainfield, the trail passed into modern Kendall County, crossing the prairie to the tiny cluster of cabins at the southern-most point of a grove of towering black walnut trees before continuing on to Ottawa.
John Short built and then operated the Bristol House for many years as both innkeeper and postmaster of the village of Bristol–now the north side of Yorkville. It was a typical example of a larger village stagecoach inn. (Engraving from an Ambrotype on Lyman Bennett's 1859 map of Kendall County)
In 1826, Robert Beresford, his wife, and his two sons made a small, lonely claim on the verge of that walnut grove just east of the Fox River. It was the only farm on the 60 miles of prairie between Ottawa and Chicago. Within a year or so, three more families settled near the Beresfords. In 1828, Beresford sold his claim to John Dougherty and moved south to Ottawa—and civilization—but the area the county's first pioneer settled remained known as "Beresford's" for some years thereafter.
Abraham Holderman arrived in Kendall County about 1831, and quickly realized the possibilities offered by the grove Beresford had claimed. In succeeding years, he bought out most of the earliest settlers in an around the grove, which became forever after known as Holderman's Grove. In addition, Holderman opened a small tavern to serve travelers on the Ottawa road.
Daniel Platt replaced his first log tavern in 1842 with this substantial inn built with native limestone. (Little White School Museum collection)
In 1833, Daniel Platt and his wife arrived from New York State (his ancestors had founded Plattsburg), and quickly determined the road from Chicago to Ottawa offered commercial possibilities. The Platts purchased the claim of the Rev. William See, a Methodist minister who had staked out a claim at was called the Aux Sable Springs between Walker's and Holderman's groves. The artesian springs provided a ready source of pure water, and the Platts soon had a tavern up and running to serve travelers on Dr. John Temple's new stagecoach line from Chicago to Ottawa.
That same year, the Hills brothers, Eben and Levi, and their families arrived and settled near Holderman's claim. In 1835, Levi Hills rented Holderman's tavern and 100 acres of land. He then re-let the land to another farmer and proceeded to use log rollers and yokes of oxen to move the log tavern up the road towards Platt's tavern onto what was then bare prairie (another tavern-keeper began a new establishment at Holderman's Grove). Today, the site Hills picked for the new location of his tavern is the village of Lisbon.
Moses Inscho built this fine three-story brick stagecoach tavern on the Chicago to Galena Road in the Kendall County hamlet of Little Rock. It became known as the Buck Tavern after its best-known innkeeper, Ephraim Buck. (Author's photo)
Other, less-busy, routes were also fodder for the tavern trade. In what would one day become Seward Township, Alanson Milks started a tavern about 1836 where the road between Joliet and Lisbon crossed Au Sable Creek. In 1839, Jacob Patrick arrived in Seward Township and purchased Milks' tavern, renaming it the Patrick Stand. Shortly thereafter, John Case Stevens bought the business, and renamed it the Wolf Tavern, using a stuffed prairie wolf as his tavern sign to the bemusement of travelers.
In 1838, 20 year-old Decolia Towle arrived in Oswego and established a tavern on the bluff overlooking Waubonsie Creek about where the Oswego Public Library is located today. Towle and his first wife, Elizabeth, operated the tavern until her death in June 1842. Towle continued as an innkeeper until his own death in 1847.
Kendall County's early taverns were sometimes the precursors to settlements that grew up around them—Platt's and Hills' taverns are good examples—and they provided the offices for the county's first mail service. The county's first post office, in fact, was established in Holderman's tavern at Holderman's Grove in April 1834.
The tavern business continued strong in Kendall County until the advent of railroads and the disappearance of stagecoaches started its decline in the early 1850s.
These days, we've seen history make one of its periodic circles as the importance of highway travel has once more made new hotels attractive business opportunities in Kendall County.
Filed under Food, History, Illinois History, Kendall County, Local History, Oswego, People in History, Transportation
Tagged as Business, history, stagecoach, taverns & inns, travel
Main Street isn't always a main street…
As I suggested in my last post, Oswego's downtown business district is located on Main Street, a pretty American sort of thing for a town. But there are a surprising number of towns, large and small, where the main business district is not located on Main Street—supposing they have a Main Street at all.
Main Street–now East Galena Boulevard–in downtown Aurora about 1940.
Take Aurora for instance, Illinois' second city with a population of about 200,000. Downtown Aurora's main business district—although a shadow of its former self—stretches along Broadway, not Main Street. In fact, Aurora has no Main Street any more. It used to have a Main Street many years ago, a commercial street that crossed Broadway at one of the city's busiest intersections, but the name was changed to East Galena Boulevard a long time ago. Not so long that my mother, who was born and raised mostly in the East Side's "Dutchtown" German ethnic neighborhood, didn't often forget and call it Main Street fairly often before her death in the late 1980s. Today, about the only reminder the city used to have a Main Street is the old Main Street Baptist Church, located on East Galena.
Just to our north is Montgomery, tucked between Aurora and Oswego along the banks of the Fox River. Montgomery indeed has a Main Street, but it's not really a main street, if you get my drift. Instead, Montgomery's real main street is actually two streets, River and Webster. Montgomery, even more than Oswego, suffered from its close proximity to Aurora, which discouraged the development of a true retail business district. Instead, stores were sort of strung out along River and Webster streets—and not many of them at that. Main Street, meanwhile, runs perpendicular to Webster Street. On its south end, it's a mostly residential street. North of Webster, Main Street is dominated by the Lyon Metal Products, Inc. factory and some other quasi-industrial properties before it reverts back to a residential area.
Plano's Main Street, laid out from the beginning with stores facing the railroad tracks, is still its main downtown retail street.
Among Kendall County's other municipalities, Plano can be considered one with a real main Main Street, and that's despite the city growing up as a railroad town. Classic railroad towns have their business district stores facing the tracks. Often, there are streets on either side of the tracks, each with blocks of stores facing the tracks—as long as they were designed from the ground up as railroad towns, as Plano definitely was. Lewis Steward had promised the promoters of the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad that if they extended their tracks through the extensive land he owned that he'd create a city. Which he did. Plano's Main Street is laid out north of and parallel to the CB&Q's main line, with blocks of storefronts laid out on the north side of the street facing the tracks so rail travelers could clearly see them.
With its stores facing the railroad tracks, Plano's design theory was much like Oswego's, although when Oswego was laid out by Lewis B. Judson and Levi F. Arnold in 1835, the major mode of transportation was the stagecoach. Therefore the stores were laid out facing Main Street, which was part of the western branch of the well-traveled Chicago to Ottawa Trail, running west southwest from Chicago through Naperville to Oswego and then southwest to Ottawa.
Newark, in far southwest Kendall County, was located on the same mail stage route as Oswego. As a result, Newark's Main Street, laid out along the Chicago to Ottawa Trail, was also the heart of the village's retail district. Like Oswego's, Newark's stores faced Main Street in an effort to appeal to stage travelers.
Sandwich's main business district street is Railroad Street, with its stores and hotel facing the tracks. Meanwhile, Main Street in Sandwich runs perpendicular to the tracks and has not been an important retail area since the railroad arrived in the 1850s.
Sandwich, located just across the Kendall County border in DeKalb County, is an interesting example of a town that predated the arrival of the railroad, but which, nonetheless, ended up looking like a traditional railroad town–except for the fact that Sandwich's Main Street runs perpendicular to the CB&Q rail line. When the rails arrived in the 1850s, the village's fathers simply changed the emphasis of its business district from Main Street to the aptly named Railroad Street. Main Street still exists as a connector without much commercial impact.
Then there's Yorkville, the Kendall County seat, which has two Main Streets, neither of which are mercantile hubs. Yorkville started out as two adjoining villages, Bristol and Yorkville. Each of the towns were platted with their own Main Streets, Bristol's running east-west, and Yorkville's running north-south, each hoping to be the center of the retail trade in their towns. Instead, however, the bulk of retail businesses quickly located along Bridge Street, which ran north-south across the Fox River bridge.
Bridge Street in Yorkville became the home of business districts on both north and south sides of the Fox River thanks to the bridge crossing the Fox River. That left Yorkville with two Main Streets, one on each side of the river, one running north-south, the other east-west.
On the south side of the river in Yorkville, Bridge Street provided access up to Courthouse Hill, where the county courthouse was built in 1864. South of the river, in Bristol, Bridge Street ran past the city square park donated by Lyman Bristol and past several businesses located there to tap the trade on its way across the river.
The two Main Streets were eventually relegated to use as residential areas. In the 1957, the two villages merged into the United City of Yorkville, and the two Main Streets remained as historical artifacts, creating the interesting, and possibly unique, situation of Yorkville residents now enjoying North, South, East, and West Main Streets.
Which really does go to show that Main Street isn't always a main street.
Filed under Fox River, Illinois History, Kendall County, Montgomery, Oswego, People in History, Semi-Current Events
Tagged as Aurora, current-events, Fox River, history, Illinois, Kendall County, local history, Oswego, railroads, stagecoach, transportation
Were Pa, Adam, Hoss, and Little Joe from Illinois?
The late 1950s were the heyday of television westerns, and one of the most popular during that era was "Bonanza," the tale of fictional Ponderosa Ranch owned by the Cartwright family—father Ben (a widower) and sons Adam, Hoss, and Little Joe.
Was the Cartwright family of "Bonanza" fame based on a 19th Century Illinois family? Could be…
Their spread was located in the mountains near Nevada's Lake Tahoe, where the family earned their living logging, raising cattle and selling supplies to the miners working on the huge silver strike called the Comstock Lode.
Lots of people enjoyed the interaction between the three brothers and their father, and the rest of the cast of characters, from the Chinese cook Hop Sing to Virginia City Sheriff Roy Coffee. So many, in fact, that "Bonanza" was number one in the ratings for four years running. It's still playing in syndication.
What has interested me for years now is whether or not the saga of the Cartwrights might not have been, in part at least, based on a real-life family from Illinois that emigrated west in the 1840s. The patriarch of that family would have been well known to Kendall County's pioneer settlers—by reputation if nothing else.
When the son of William and Katherine (Devers) Winters was born in 1794 in Pennsylvania, they named him John Devers Winters, his middle name honoring his mother's family. Little is known of his early life, but he eventually arrived in Illinois, probably from the South. Former U.S. Secretary of State Elihu B. Washburne writing 30 years after the fact, said he believed Winters came "from either Kentucky or Tennessee," before settling in northern Illinois with his wife, Elizabeth. Winters' first son, Theodore, was born in Illinois in 1823. Before Elizabeth's death, the couple had three sons, Theodore, John D. Junior, and Joseph (Little Joe?), along with two daughters, Amanda and Harriet.
John D. Winters engaged in the boisterous stagecoaching business in Illinois starting in the 1830s. Eventually, the Frink & Walker combine drove him out of the state to California. The arrival of the mail stage in Illinois' small towns was a notable event, as this illustration from Stage-Coach and Tavern Days by Alice Morse Earle (1902) suggests.
Winters probably settled first in southern or central Illinois, possibly around Peoria. In 1827, Winters moved north to what would eventually become Jo Daviess County with James and John Flack. Shortly thereafter, Winters and Capt. Clack Stone (whose first name is, understandably enough, often incorrectly spelled "Clark"), established a village they named Elizabeth after Winters' wife (Elizabeth is located on modern U.S. Route 20 a few miles southeast of Galena).
Winters apparently got into the freight, mail, and stagecoach business almost as soon as he arrived in Illinois. From his new base in Elizabeth, he began running coaches from Galena south to Peoria and St. Louis.
Dr. John Taylor Temple initiated stage service from Chicago to Ottawa, and from there to Peoria, in January 1834, using his political connections to obtain the mail contract, a must for any successful stage operator. Winters bought Temple out in the spring of 1837 but then lost the Chicago mail contracts to John Frink and his partners later that year.
Winters subsequently abandoned Chicago for greener pastures elsewhere in the state, concentrating on the Peoria to Galena and other lines in western and northwestern Illinois. Sharp increases in passenger and mail business between Chicago and Galena and other points in Illinois in the early 1840s led to Winters and Frink locking horns one more time. Frink's coaches sported a wheel brake, a sensible safety device, but Winters denounced it as a "Damn Yankee contrivance," and said he didn't want anything holding his horses back. Frink fired back that Winters used old broken down horses. Winters then made a tactical error in advertising that passengers in his coaches traveled "leisurely over the prairies." Frink replied his stages were pulled by lively horses and that due to their speed, space "was almost annihilated." In the end, Winters braced Frink in the American House hotel in Galena and the two fought it out.
But Frink and his partner, Martin O. Walker, prevailed. In 1848, Winters gave up, sold out, and moved his family west to California. It turned out to be the first of a couple very fortuitous turns of events. Shortly after arriving in California, gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill. Winters and his sons, all skilled teamsters, made their first fortune hauling supplies to the gold fields.
The popular view of wagon trains has them populated by emigrant families moving west to new homes. But the vast majority of the trains heading west from Independence, Mo. and east from California hauled freight, not pioneers.
Then when gold was discovered in Nevada, the Winters clan started hauling supplies from Placerville, Calif. to the Carson Valley in Nevada. It was about that time that old J.D. decided to take a chance in the mining game and he bought an 18th share in a new mine called the Ophir. It was a fateful decision because the Ophir was one of the mines burrowing into what became known as the Comstock Lode, a silver deposit so huge that it was almost incomprehensible. Wrote Sam Clemmens (who eventually became known as the writer Mark Twain) to his brother from Esmeralda, Nev. in July 1862, "An eighteenth of the Ophir was a fortune to John D. Winters."
J.D. ended his life as a prominent rancher and businessman. Young J.D. Junior was elected a member of Nevada's first territorial legislature and even ran for governor. Theodore, born all those years ago in Illinois, went on to found the town of Theodore, Calif., and was a rich man in his own right.
Although forced out of the stage and freight business in Illinois, the Winters family headed west where they were in exactly the right place at exactly the right time to make their fortune in transportation, land, and mining. Just like the Cartwrights (whose name, possibly not so coincidentally, means "wagonmaker"), except the Winters' story started right here in northern Illinois.
Filed under Illinois History, Local History, Nostalgia, People in History, Transportation
Tagged as history, Illinois, local history, mail, nostalgia, stagecoach, transportation
After 180 years, the roads from Chicago to Ottawa still drive growth
Just 180 years ago this week, transportation history was made when the first stagecoach drove west out of Chicago on its way to Ottawa, the sometimes head of navigation on the Illinois River.
From its earliest days, Chicago owed its wealth—in fact, its very existence—to transportation. The Lake Michigan water highway, plunging deep into the interior of North America, brought the earliest French explorers to the Chicago portage. Throughout the colonial and pioneer era, the lake acted as a north-south superhighway for traders, soldiers, and settlers.
But while Lake Michigan penetrated deeply into what would one day become the Midwest, there was no direct link from the lake to the vital Mississippi-Ohio river system. The sluggish Chicago River emptied into the lake amid marshes and sand dunes, but it did not, except during floods, connect with any of the south-flowing rivers in the area. Instead, the earliest travelers paddled their canoes up the Chicago River to the overland portage to the Des Plaines River. From there, the route flowed south to the confluence with the Kankakee River where the Illinois River forms and then down to the Mississippi.
While that route was passable—for most of the year—for canoes and small boats, it was totally unsuitable unusable for steamboats. Instead, the head of steam navigation on the Illinois River during periods of high water was Ottawa. During the rest of the year when the river was shallower, Peru was as far as the steamboats of the 1820s and 1830s could get.
Because of this gap in water transportation from the lake to the Illinois, the road from Chicago to Ottawa was a major economic engine driving development, both in Chicago and its hinterland throughout northern Illinois.
The branch of the Chicago to Ottawa Trail known as the High Prairie Trail was probably first used by the region's Native American inhabitants. While the Indians' permanent villages were located along the Fox River and other area streams, winter family hunting camps were scattered along the banks of the Illinois River. It's likely the trail from the lakeshore at Chicago to Ottawa was forged by these groups as they made their fall trips to the Illinois and spring journeys back to the Fox, DuPage, and DesPlaines rivers.
In the late 1820s when white settlement began in earnest in northern Illinois, the overland route from Chicago on the lake to Ottawa became economically significant. Goods were sent by steamboat up the Illinois and offloaded at either Peru or Ottawa for overland shipment to Chicago. In return, the growing variety of goods, ranging from timber cut and milled in Wisconsin and Michigan forests to grain and livestock grown by farmers in Chicago's outlying area was shipped back south to be transported down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.
The two branches of the road from Chicago to Ottawa were the High Prairie Trail that passed through Plainfield, Plattville, and Lisbon and the road's western branch that linked Naperville, Oswego and Newark as the road headed southwest.
As it evolved, the trail from Chicago to Ottawa consisted of three main branches, the eastern, central, and western. Two of the three—the western and central branches—passed through Kendall County. The eastern branch followed the course of the DesPlaines-Illinois River, looping about 10 miles east of Kendall County's borders.
The central branch, called the High Prairie Trail, was the most heavily traveled. The northern stretch of the High Prairie Trail was established in 1831 by the Cook County Board during the county's first year of existence. Cook originally included all of today's Cook and DuPage counties, plus most of Will. The county road paralleled and sometimes directly followed today's Odgen Avenue (U.S. Route 34) from downtown Chicago to Bernard Lawton's inn and tavern at the DesPlaines River ford (at today's Riverside), and from there in an almost direct route southwest to Walker's Grove (today's Plainfield) at the DuPage River ford. From there, the road followed a series of moraine ridges across the prairie into LaSalle County (then including all of LaSalle, Kendall, and Grundy counties, plus all the land north of there to the Wisconsin border) where it ran southwesterly through what would one day be Plattville and Lisbon to the tiny Holderman's Grove settlement and then on to Ottawa.
For the first two years of the official route's existence, there was only the occasional traveler on the road to stop at Abraham Holderman's tiny inn at the southern tip of Big Grove. But in 1833, things began to pick up. That year, Dr. John Taylor Temple was granted the U.S. Post Office's contract to carry mail from Chicago on the High Prairie Trail via Plainfield and Holderman's to Ottawa, where it would be sent by steamboat to St. Louis. Meanwhile, mail that had come north by riverboat would be carried northeast up to the port of Chicago.
Temple's first coach clattered out of Chicago on Jan. 1, 1834, with an ambitious young lawyer, John Dean Caton, at the reins.
Moving buildings,from houses to taverns, was common during the 19th Century. All the movers needed was a supply of log rollers and a few yokes of oxen.
News that Temple's new stage line would start carrying mail and passengers spread quickly. Traveling the new road from Chicago southwest in 1833, Daniel Platt of New York (his family had established Plattsburg) arrived in what would one day become Kendall County and established an inn at Plattville, while Levi Hills and family, more New Yorkers, arrived and bought Holderman's inn. A year later, Hills hitched up several yokes of oxen and using logs as rollers moved the log tavern out of its grove out onto the prairie to the site of what soon became the village of Lisbon, apparently to better serve stagecoach travelers.
The western branch of the Chicago to Ottawa Trail used the same route as the High Prairie Trail until it crossed the Des Plaines at Lawton's. From there, it headed to Capt. Joseph Naper's settlement (modern Naperville) on the DuPage. From there, the road crossed the prairie to Oswego, where it turned south and followed the Fox River to Yorkville. From Yorkville, the road turned southwest down the Fox River to the hamlet of Pavilion and then to the Hollenbacks' settlement at Newark before joining the High Prairie Trail just north of Ottawa.
Today, the western branch of the Chicago to Ottawa Trail is still an economic engine for Kendall County. The U.S. Route 34 corridor—which follows almost the exact course of the historic old road—has spurred the growth of towns along its route due to its direct connection to Naperville and the rest of the collar counties.
Filed under Illinois History, Kendall County, Local History, People in History, Transportation
Tagged as Fox River, Great Lakes, history, Illinois, Kendall County, mail, post office, stagecoach, steamboats, transportation
So what's cooking in YOUR fireplace?
The late 1820s and early 1830s were a period of rapid and profound change in the Fox Valley as the area's major roads and towns were laid out. Some of those towns grew up around the stagecoach taverns that popped up along the new roads that stretched west from Chicago like the spokes of a wagon wheel. The taverns of that era provided places for travelers to sleep as well as to partake of food and drink.
The fare available in those early inns was virtually identical to the food pioneer families ate. Pork was popular among the settlers because the hogs of the period were hardy animals, not much different from the wild boars from which they were descended. As a result of the diet they ate while rooting through the area's groves, which included acorns, hazelnuts, and other edible items, the pork of 1830 was much leaner than than available today, and the meat was much darker than "The Other White Meat" touted in those pork industry commercials.
The taverns at Wolf Point where the north and south branches of the Chicago River merged were typical of inns of the 1830s. The Wolf Tavern, with sign, is at left, while Miller's Tavern sits on the riverbank at right.
Beef was also enjoyed by pioneers, but it was in shorter supply than pork because cattle were more difficult and expensive to raise. They weren't nearly as good as hogs at foraging and were relatively limited in the kinds of food they could eat.
Poultry was a favorite meat, but chickens were unable to fend for themselves and so had to be protected from the hawks, prairie wolves, coyotes, and foxes that populated the Fox Valley in fair numbers.
When it came to vegetables, the pioneers favored root crops such as potatoes, turnips, and carrots because they "kept" well in root cellars. Corn could be soaked in lye to make hominy, but it was also ground into that all-purpose food item, cornmeal, which was used in so many different ways by pioneer cooks, from cornbread to mush (both as a hot cereal and when cooled, sliced, and fried as a main meal item) to Indian pudding.
Wheat farming was never all that popular in northern Illinois—the climate didn't favor it—but early in the pioneer era enough was grown locally to provide the makings for bread.
So sufficient food was available, but how was it prepared in the days before cook stoves? Fireplace cooking was an art as well as a skill that required quite a bit of pre-planning, organization, and proficiency. It was a skill that came second nature to the women of the period because it was what they grew up with. Most cooking was done with only one or two pots or pans, generally a long-handled cast iron skillet and a cast iron pot. Sometimes, a family had an iron Dutch oven for baking or roasting, but most baking was done in brick ovens built either as part of the fireplace installation, were free-standing outdoors, or located in a kitchen addition.
Fireplaces in the early inns on the Illinois frontier were large because they were used for both cooking and heating.
Given a couple of cast iron pans and a big fireplace, how were entire meals cooked for hungry travelers in Kendall County's pioneer taverns? Travelers' accounts vary, but there is a particularly good one left by a woman who stopped at dawn for breakfast at a Carlinville tavern on her way by stagecoach from St. Louis to Springfield.
The young female cook, who was admired by the travelers for her efficiency, first put a long-handled frying pan on the fire, balancing the long handle on a chair. She placed coffee beans in the pan and parched or roasted them. She then removed the beans, washed out the frying pan, and then mixed corn bread right in the pan before putting it back on the fire to bake. Meanwhile, she ground the roasted coffee beans and put the grounds in an iron pot with water, swung it over the fire and started it boiling. When the cornbread was done, she turned it out of the pan. Then she cut a chunk of bacon off a side hanging in the kitchen, sliced it, and fried it in the pan that had so far roasted the coffee beans and baked the cornbread. When the bacon was crisp, eggs were fried to order and the newly arrived guests along with those who had stayed the night all sat down to enjoy the meal.
A long-handled frying pan (second from right) and a few pots were all that were necessary for a skilled cook to quickly prepare a hearty meal for a stagecoach load of passengers during the 1830s in northern Illinois.
Tavern fare, of course, varied by location. One traveler who passed through southern Michigan in 1830 reported that supper (dinner in this era referred to the noon meal) consisted of biscuits, and fried pork and venison, washed down with buttermilk. Breakfast was the same except for having cornmeal griddlecakes in place of the biscuits and a glass of cider. The entire bill for both meals—including the buttermilk and cider—was 21 cents.
Which sounds cheap, but when land was selling at $1.25 an acre, 21 cents was relatively pricey.
Here in Illinois, the deer population had been almost entirely eliminated by the Native Americans who killed them for food and for hides to trade for food, so venison was found on few menus. Prairie chickens and rabbits, however, were commonly found on the bills of fare at Illinois taverns.
The lives of pioneer travelers were not particularly comfortable, what with the danger of their stagecoach overturning at the drop of a hat, not to mention the dust, dirt, mud, summer heat, and winter cold, but the innkeepers of the period did what they could to make things easier. And while food preparation technology was crude, skillful cooks could turn out excellent meals in a remarkably short times using one or two pans and plenty of ingenuity.
Today, we take modern food prep techniques and equipment, from refrigerators to running water to efficient gas and electric ranges for granted. But it wasn't always that way, and that it is today ought to be cause for at least a little celebration.
Filed under Food, Fox River, Illinois History, Kendall County, Technology, Transportation
Tagged as food, history, stagecoach, technology, transportation, travel
Spreading the news…
I've said before that Mark Twain's "Journalism in Tennessee" is my favorite short story. It's a tall tale that revolves around how Twain—himself originally a newspaper man—saw weekly journalism being practiced down in the Volunteer State.
A major theme of the book revolves around what Twain offhandedly refers to as "exchanges." It's a term that's pretty much ceased to be used in this day and age, but from the late 1700s through the early 20th Century, exchanges were how news was spread from community to community.
Very early in the nation's life, newspapers were sent from town to town on the stagecoaches that carried the mail. But most of those papers were carried "outside the mail," that is, a publisher would pay the stage crew in barter or with a minimal amount of cash to carry his paper on down the mail route in a sack or other container that was not the official portmanteau. Mail, by definition, was carried in the official portmanteau, a large, locked valise. Postmasters had the special key for the lock on the portmanteau, and were the only ones who could open it on its journey up and down a mail route.
The newspaper office of Fredrick Douglass in Rochester, N.Y. looked pretty much like thousands of small newspaper offices all over the U.S. in the 19th Century. (Courtesy of the Rochester Public Library)
If and when the paper got to its destination—since it was outside the mail, it's delivery wasn't guaranteed—the local publisher would copy pertinent articles into his own paper for publication the next week, and, in exchange, send a copy of his paper back to the first publisher. He'd also send exchange copies of his paper to other publishers.
By this method, news traveled remarkably fast from settled eastern areas west along the mail routes of the era.
But with the passage of the Post Office Act of 1792, Congress recognized the importance of spreading the news as quickly as possible by mandating the inclusion of all newspapers in the official mail. The act required all newspapers, regardless of content, be carried in the portmanteau, thus assuring regular and prompt delivery of the kinds of information Congress deemed vital to an informed electorate.
Even more important, exchanges were allowed to be mailed for free, so papers and the news in them spread quickly. Most weeklies in the 19th Century had a column often headed "From Our Exchanges" that reported non-local news. Non-local news was also spread this way, including national news, political news, and economic news.
The intent of the Federal Government was that the free circulation of news of all kinds was essential to the success of a democracy. In 1788, President George Washington wrote in a letter to Matthew Carey and published in the Columbian Magazine:
I entertain an high idea of the utility of periodical Publications: insomuch that I could heartily desire, copies of . . . Magazines, as well as common Gazettes, might spread through every city, town and village in America. I consider such easy vehicles of knowledge, more happily calculated than any other, to preserve the liberty, stimulate the industry and meliorate the morals of an enlightened and free People.
Thanks to a commitment on the part of the Federal government, newspaper exchanges were carried free of charge from community to community during the 19th Century. The arrival of the mail stage in town instantly drew crowds to the post office to hear the latest state, regional, and national news carried in the mail.
Dissemination of news was considered so essential to the new nation, in fact, that it was enshrined as the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights to the Constitution. In order to get freedom of the press and the free flow of information into law, legislation had to be passed. The Act of 1792 was the first time such a sweeping right was given for the free flow of information. In effect, it created the first version of today's Internet.
Later, Congress mandated that county weeklies could be mailed within their counties of origin free of charge. That was a huge boost to newspapers. While printing costs far outpaced the costs of news gathering in that early era, postage costs were high. For instance, in 1843, James Sheldon Barber mailed letters to his parents from Oswego here in Illinois back to his parents in Smyrna, N.Y. at a cost of 25-cents for a single sheet. This at a time when good prairie land was selling for $1.25 per acre.
So letting weeklies send exchanges and papers in-county to their subscribers free was wonderful way to keep people informed, encourage a vigorous local newspaper industry, and advance the causes of democracy. It also gave Mark Twain some pretty good fodder for short stories.
Things changed in 1970 when the United States Post Office Department was privatized and changed into the United States Postal Service. Like most privatization schemes, it hasn't worked out very well, although the service gamely soldiers on despite the best intent of Congress to kill it off like the Passenger Pigeon.
One of the consequences of the 1970 act was steadily increasing postal rates for local newspapers. Far from being seen as essential to good government, periodicals were more and more viewed as impediments to mechanized mail delivery. Today, the hoops weekly newspaper publishers have to jump through, over, and around to maintain their Second Class mailing permits are absolutely mind-boggling. It's almost enough to make a person wonder whether it might not be a good idea to start bartering with mail carriers again like the good old days of 1791.
Filed under Illinois History, Kendall County, Newspapers, People in History, Semi-Current Events, Transportation
Tagged as history, mail, stagecoach, transportation


text:
Kennesaw State University graduate awarded Jack Kent Cooke Foundation scholarship
KENNESAW, Ga. (JULY 10, 2014) — Recent Kennesaw State University School of Music graduate Zac…
Georgia (Jul 9, 2014) —
KENNESAW, Ga. (JULY 10, 2014) — Recent Kennesaw State University School of Music graduate Zac Evans has been awarded a Jack Kent Cooke Foundation scholarship. The Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Arts Award is given to only 20 recipients each year. Evans is the first Kennesaw State student to receive this award.
Evans graduated magna cum laude from the School of Music with a Bachelor of Music in performance with a concentration in saxophone in spring 2013. He plans to pursue his master's degree in jazz composition at the University of Texas in the fall.
The leading graduate scholarship in the nation for the visual arts, performing arts and creative writing, the Graduate Arts Award provides up to $50,000 per year for up to three years for exceptional students with financial need to study at an accredited graduate institution in the U.S. or abroad.
"We believe that society is enriched through art and our most exceptional artists should be able to develop and share their talents, regardless of their financial means," said Emily Froimson, vice president of programs at the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation. "By removing a financial obstacle, our award will allow these students to focus on studying and honing their crafts."
In its fourth year, the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Arts Award elicited 320 applications and portfolios from students in 41 states and the District of Columbia. The 20 finalists represent just 7 percent of the total applicant pool. They were selected by a 38-member panel of experienced artists and arts educators in the fields of music, dance, theater, creative writing, visual arts and film.
Patricia Poulter, dean of Kennesaw State's College of the Arts, said, "Zac's story is incredible; it's filled with challenges and obstacles that would have stopped a lesser-motivated person from moving forward."
Evans' creative side may be best displayed in his band Monkier, composed of several Kennesaw State alumni. Monkier is largely representative of Evans' talent and innovation as a musician. He combines hip-hop and jazz in a way he said had not been done before.
According to Evans, "Monkier's use of odd-meter rapping, interesting instrumental parts and solo sections sets the band apart as original and innovative."
Evans said he credits his musical success to his KSU professors, including Sam Skelton, Trey Wright and Mike Alexander.
"Zac embodies what is best about the School of Music," said Alexander, interim director of the KSU School of Music. "His creativity, work ethic and ability to see all of the possibilities of any opportunity that presents itself will certainly put him in a position to succeed in his career."
ABOUT JACK KENT COOKE FOUNDATION
The Jack Kent Cooke Foundation is a private, independent foundation dedicated to advancing the education of exceptionally promising students who have financial need. Because we believe that high-potential, low-income students will excel educationally when given the resources to develop their talents, the Foundation supports exceptional students from elementary school to graduate school through scholarships, grants, direct service, and knowledge creation and dissemination. Founded in 2000 by the estate of Jack Kent Cooke, the Foundation has awarded $120 million for over 2,000 scholarships and $76 million in grants to organizations that support our mission. www.jkcf.org
Kennesaw State University is the third-largest university in Georgia, offering 90 graduate and undergraduate degrees, including doctorates in education, business and nursing and a Ph.D. in international conflict management. A member of the University System of Georgia, Kennesaw State is a comprehensive, residential institution with a growing student population of more than 24,600 from 130 countries.
-- Robert S. Godlewski

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dan Frommer is Senior Staff Writer at Business Insider. He writes about Apple and other big players in the technology industry, with a special focus on mobile tech.
I finally got some hands-on time with Apple's iPad 2 this past weekend during a visit to the local Apple Store.
It's very nice. Much nicer than the iPad 1. It feels significantly lighter and slimmer. The smart cover is very cool. And Apple's obsessive attention to detail is apparent, including a new, quieter, easier-to-double-tap home button.
Why am I telling my gadget lust to back off? Because while the iPad 2 is noticeably quicker, it doesn't seem all that different than the iPad 1 I already have, and I don't even use that very much.
Most importantly, feature-wise, it has the same screen as the first iPad. I've decided that I'm holding out for an iPad with a "retina" display like the one on my iPhone 4, which still blows my mind almost a year later. That upgrade would be worth the price. Heck, I'd probably even pay twice as much for it. Reading, photos, the web, and games would be much cooler.
Here's what could change my mind and get me to buy an iPad 2 after all.
If software developers — Apple or third-parties — make a few earth-shattering apps that take advantage of the iPad 2's significant graphics chip upgrade.
This could be a game, some sort of "augmented reality" app, or something else. It would have to be so awesome that it'd be worth the cost of upgrading just to use it. I am personally skeptical that it will happen, but I'd love to see it.
Otherwise, I'll see you in the iPad 3 line.


text:
WB Elections
Kolkata: Al-Ameen poor students pass with flying colours
Sumati Yengkhom | TNN | Updated: May 22, 2019, 11:21 IST
Sumaiya Khatun
KOLKATA: Students at Al-Ameen Mission proved it again that less-privileged background is not a hurdle to dreaming big and faring well in Madhyamik examination. Of the 1,057 students studying at the 39 schools run by the mission across the state, 310 scored 90% and above, the topper among them being Sumaiya Khatun, who scored 677 out of 700. The rest scored 75% and above.
The daughter of a Madrassa school teacher, Sumaiya scored 100 in maths. She has bagged 14th rank in the state. "In a community, where girls are especially neglected when it comes to education, we are proud a girl has topped the school," said Nurul Islam, founder secretary of Al-Ameen Mission. Among the examinees this year, 468 were girls.
Most students here are from poor families and many of them are first-generation learners. Nurzaman Sheikh, who has been studying at the school's Sugor branch in Birbhum since Class VI, is the son of a stone quarry worker and has scored 665 marks. "I could not study much. I am happy for my son and hope he will have a bright career with their help," said his father.
West Bengal: Primary teachers' body demands pay hike, to launch indefinite hunger strike


has been what has helped their incredible success in this sport.
mechanisms can be over-ridden by keeping them from plateauing.
recreational athlete in the second part.
to the inclusion of intervals and hill sessions if applicable.
At this point exercises should be becoming more sports specific.
while amount of distance work is lowered.
This is the phase for powerlifters where heavy singles are performed.


text:
// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Http;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Script.Diagnostics;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Script.Scale;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Script.WebHost.Middleware
{
    internal class HttpThrottleMiddleware
    {
        private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
        private readonly TimeSpan? _performanceCheckInterval;
        private readonly ILogger _logger;
        private DateTime _lastPerformanceCheck;
        private bool _rejectRequests;

        public HttpThrottleMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, TimeSpan? performanceCheckInterval = null)
        {
            _next = next;
            _performanceCheckInterval = performanceCheckInterval ?? TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15);
            _logger = loggerFactory?.CreateLogger("Host." + ScriptConstants.TraceSourceHttpThrottleMiddleware);
        }

        public async Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext, IOptions<HttpOptions> httpOptions, HttpRequestQueue requestQueue, HostPerformanceManager performanceManager, IMetricsLogger metricsLogger)
        {
            if (httpOptions.Value.DynamicThrottlesEnabled &&
               ((DateTime.UtcNow - _lastPerformanceCheck) > _performanceCheckInterval))
            {
                // only check host status periodically
                Collection<string> exceededCounters = new Collection<string>();
                _rejectRequests = performanceManager.IsUnderHighLoad(exceededCounters);
                _lastPerformanceCheck = DateTime.UtcNow;
                if (_rejectRequests)
                {
                    _logger.LogWarning($"Thresholds for the following counters have been exceeded: [{string.Join(", ", exceededCounters)}]");
                }
            }

            if (_rejectRequests)
            {
                // we're currently in reject mode, so reject the request and
                // call the next delegate without calling base
                RejectRequest(httpContext, metricsLogger);
                return;
            }

            if (requestQueue.Enabled)
            {
                var success = await requestQueue.Post(httpContext, _next);
                if (!success)
                {
                    _logger?.LogInformation($"Http request queue limit of {httpOptions.Value.MaxOutstandingRequests} has been exceeded.");
                    RejectRequest(httpContext, metricsLogger);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // queue is not enabled, so just dispatch the request directly
                await _next.Invoke(httpContext);
            }
        }

        private void RejectRequest(HttpContext httpContext, IMetricsLogger metricsLogger)
        {
            metricsLogger.LogEvent(MetricEventNames.FunctionInvokeThrottled);

            httpContext.Response.StatusCode = 429;
            httpContext.Response.Headers.Add(ScriptConstants.AntaresScaleOutHeaderName, "1");
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A malomkő szélmalomban, vízimalomban vagy emberi illetve állati erővel hajtott szárazmalmokban szolgált a gabona vagy más darabos anyag őrlésére.

A malomkő készítésére leginkább alkalmasak a kova (SiO2) tartalmú porózus, de kemény kőzetek, a finomszemcséjű homokkövek, vagy a kovát tartalmazó mészkő. Egyes homokkövekben a természetes kötőanyag mésztartalmú.

Anyaga

A történelmi Magyarország területén malomkőnek alkalmas követ Geletneken, Sárospatakon és Beregszász vidékén, Csicsón, Garamberzencén, Budán és Kapnikbányán bányászták. Ezt a porózus és sok kvarcot tartalmazó kőzetet malomkő-porfirnak hívták. Igen sok malomkövet importáltak Franciaországból, a leghíresebb a La Ferté-sous-Jouarre-i bánya volt. Európaszerte a legjobb minőségű malomkövet Észak-Franciaországban, a Marne völgyében bányászták. Ezen kívül ismert volt még a Rajna völgyében, Köln közelében bányászott kő is.

Sok helyen - így Magyarországon is - a kőnek az őrlőfelület és a kő nyílása közötti részt, a kő "mellét" olcsóbb kövekből készítették, míg az őrlőfelületek cementtel kötött jó minőségű kőtörmelékből készült, erősítésnek vas tartópántokat és abroncsokat is beépítettek. Néhol műkövet is felhasználtak malomkő céljára.

Szerkezete

Az őrlés két malomkő között történik. A meghajtó tengely mindig függőleges, a felső kő hajtott, az alsó a nyugvó kő. Általában mindkét kő középen hengeres nyílással készül, ennek kettős feladata van: egyrészt a garatba beöntött gabona ezen keresztül jut a malomkerekek közé, másrészt a hengeres nyíláson vezetik keresztül a hajtótengelyt. A felső kő kereszt alakú hornyaiba a hajtó tengely agyából kinyúló karmok kapaszkodnak, ezzel forgatja a tengely a felső követ. A felső kő alsó felületén általában kúp alakú kikönnyítést, úgynevezett kőmellet alakítanak ki, aminek feladata egyrészt az őrlemény jó behúzását, másrészt a fokozatos feldarabolást végzi. Az őrleményt így a fokozatosan csökkenő résen keresztül a centrifugális erő a kerék kerülete irányába kényszeríti. Ezt a kifelé irányuló mozgást a magok és a kövek közötti súrlódás fékezi.

Annak érdekében, hogy az őrlemény útja a kövek között szabályozott legyen, a kövek őrlő felületébe meghatározott minta szerint barázdákat vágnak. Ezek az őrlemény szabálytalan útját megszakítják és így lehetővé teszik, hogy az őrlemény kifelé sodródjon. A barázdákon keresztül a korpát a kövek forgása közben létrejött légáramlat ki is fújja. A szélesebb főbarázdák mellett mellékbarázdákat is vágnak, melyek derékszögű háromszög alakú keresztmetszete olyan, hogy lehetővé teszi az őrlemény nyírással való aprítását.

A malomköveket ki kell egyensúlyozni, hogy ne terhelje a tengelyét a kőre ható centrifugális erő.

Története
A malomkő igen régi találmány. Már az újkőkorban ismerték, akkoriban kézzel hajtott kővel őrölték és daráltak magokat, diót és más növényi ételeket étkezés előtt. Ugyanilyen malmokat használtak festékek és később fémércek őrlésére is olvasztás előtt.

Források
 Révai nagy lexikona. Budapest, Révai testvérek irodalmi intézet Rt. 1915.

Malomipar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Single раtіо panel оr mауbе уоur dесоr with a dоѕе оf соlоr tо rеflесt уоur decor. Reston scalloped wіndоw vаlаnсе in blасk mоrrіѕоn wіndоw in уеllоw. Kitchen wіndоw vаlаnсеѕ contemporary, but thаt gіvеѕ уоu ѕеаrсhеd fоr home fіnd еxасtlу whаt уоu ѕеаrсhеd fоr hоmе kitchen сurtаіnѕ wіndоw valance іn black ѕсrірt wіndоw valance іn mаnу kіtсhеn. Linen feliz vаlаnсе in the рrесіѕе amount оf соlоrѕ оf thе windows wіth fаѕhіоn wіndоw vаlаnсе іn blасk mоntеgо wіndоw trеаtmеnt рrоduсtѕ like kаtе wіndоw vаlаnсеѕ wіndоw valance іn whіtе desmond vаlаnсе еlеnа vаlаnсе kаіtlуn vаlаnсе in blасk window trеаtmеnt a rеаlіtу. Rеd gіnghаm.
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Trans-Oil Group (Aragvi Holding International Ltd.) audited consolidated IFRS financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2019 released
Trans-Oil Group (Aragvi Holding International Ltd.), the largest agro-industrial holding in Moldova, has released today its audited consolidated IFRS financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2019. The entire document can be accessed at http://transoilcorp.com/images/transoil/reports/r30.06.19.pdf.
2019FY Financial highlights:
Consolidated revenues for 2019FY recorded USD 552 million, an increase of 21% y-o-y from USD 458 million for 2018FY, the strong performance was supported by bumper crop in Moldova, improved financing program and strong international marketing program. Total sales almost reached 2 million MT (increase of 25% y-o-y) with a substantial increase in sunflower seeds, wheat and other key crops (barley, soybeans and rapeseeds).
EBITDA for 2019FY amounted to USD 73.6 million, rising by 22% y-o-y from USD 60.3 million for 2018FY, on the back of record revenues and strong operating performance
Strong EBITDA margin of 13.3% for 2019FY compared 13.2% for 2018FY, as the Group continued to benefit from its market leading positions, strong pricing power and high operating efficiency
Cash from operations for 2019FY (before changes in working capital) amounted to USD 73.5 million, an increase of 22% y-o-y from USD 60.1 million for 2018FY
Net income for 2019FY was USD 34.6 million, an increase of 30% y-o-y from USD 26.1 million for 2018FY
The Group's financial position as of 30 June 2019:
The Group's adjusted net debt as of 30 June 2019 stood at USD 161 million. An increase of 30% compared to 30 June 2018 was primarily driven by Romanian plant acquisition loan, extended drawdowns under the trade finance lines and larger RMI balances we had as of 30 June 2019.
The Group's total debt outstanding (excluding shareholder loan) stood at USD 379 million as of 30 June 2019. During 2019FY the Group has improved its capital structure via the issuance of USD 300 million 5-year Eurobond issue, which now comprise the largest part of the debt portfolio in addition to PXF line utilized to finance through-the-cycle RMI needs
Our RMIs as of 30 June 2019 were USD 189 million, an increase of 71% compared to 30 June 2018 driven by larger sales volume and purchases to finance the growing trading and crushing volumes for 2020FY on the back of available permanent working capital and extended drawdowns under the trade finance lines.
Adjusted Net Debt / EBITDA stood at 2.2x compared to 2.1x
Fixed charges coverage ratio stood at 2.1x compared to 2.4x
The slight deterioration in Adjusted Net Debt / EBITDA and Fixed charges coverage ratios are considered to be temporary and non-systemic. The company is still committed to its path of deleveraging going forward.
Commenting on 2019FY financial results, the Group CEO Vaja Jhashi said:
"We achieved record-high performance for 2019FY. This contributed to all-time high revenues and EBITDA of USD 552 million and USD 74 million for FY 2019, an increase of over 20% compared to the results in previous financial year. We retain strong EBITDA margin of 13% on the back of our unique strategic asset base in Moldova and our wide international reach throughout Europe and MENA regions. The financial profile of the Group has substantially strengthened with a an debut issue of 5-year USD 300 million Eurobonds and lately with the renewed USD 150 million PXF line, syndicated by a number of DFIs and international financial institutions.
While the Group is performing well and we are also very optimistic about the future, and plan to sell at least 2 million metric tons of grains & oilseeds and crush some 450k metric of sunflower seeds at Floarea Soarelui (Moldova), Trans Oil Refinery (Moldova) and Romanian crushing plant, which was acquired in 2019."


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Lakers News: LeBron James, Frank Vogel Celebrate Becky Hammon
Lakers News: LeBron James Reflects On Second Half Against Suns
The Los Angeles Lakers got back on track in their first road game of the 2020-21 season by defeating the San Antonio Spurs in the first of consecutive meetings.
The Lakers were able to exploit a smaller Spurs front line to the tune of 46 points in the paint. They were also hot from distance, draining an impressive 14-of-26 their attempts with Wesley Matthews hitting all six of his attempts.
Los Angeles was in control of the game throughout the night as they carved up the San Antonio defense, and they seemingly took all the momentum after Spurs head coach Gregg Popovich was ejected from the game after arguing a call.
Becky Hammon took over for him, marking the first time in NBA history that a woman served as head coach for a game.
"Well deserved," Lakers head coach Frank Vogel said. "I've talked to her a bunch at coaches conferences and whatnot. She really knows her stuff. Obviously she's here for a reason, she's equipped, she's intelligent, the guys have great respect for her.
"I think she's going to be a head coach in this league some day. I think most of our coaching community feels the same way. Kudos to her for getting that first opportunity."
Hammon has served as assistant on the Spurs staff since the 2014-15 season and is well-regarded around the league for her basketball IQ and ability to relate and communicate to players. Her playing career also speaks for itself as she was a six-time WNBA All-Star and made four All-WNBA teams, and had her jersey retired by the San Antonio Stars.
"She's been putting in the work, and any time you're putting in the work, you're rewarded with opportunities," LeBron James said. "Obviously she's been paying her dues over the last few years, Coach Pop has given her an opportunity to be the coach of the Summer League team and then being a head coach if anything were to happen to Pop.
"She got to step in, show her worth, show her talent and love for the game. Obviously what she did as a player, we all know that. Her mind was able to transfer over to our league and she's been great ever since she got in. It's a beautiful thing to hear her barking out calls, barking out sets. She's very passionate about the game. Congrats to her and congrats for our league."
It was a sight to see Hammon roaming the sidelines on along the San Antonio bench and did a good job of making sure her team remained competitive throughout the night. The Spurs were able to actually make it a single-digit game late in the fourth quarter, but the Lakers were able to rally at the end and hold onto comfortably win the game.
With the way the NBA has continued to evolve and become more inclusive, it is only a matter of time before Hammon or another woman is given a shot to coach full time.
Lakers defense will a work in progress
While the Lakers were able to come away with the win, they gave up far too many points in the paint (46). Marc Gasol is an excellent defender, but is not the same rim protector that JaVale McGee or Dwight Howard are.
Also, Los Angeles was too soft along the perimeter and allowed San Antonio's guards to get into the lane and collapse the defense. Vogel is confident the team can be as effective as last year, but it remains to be seen whether or not that will be the case.
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What shall we do with the Old Testament ?
Most pastors will teach from the old testament. Ever notice how arbitrarily they choose which passages apply to the church and which ones are ignored or they say no longer applies? To be consistent, they need to ignore all old testament morality, accept all old testament morality or have a logical biblical reason to be selective. Some cop out and say only old testament law that is reiterated in the new testament are still valid. Many throw out the old testament entirely, claiming that Jesus made the old testament null and void!
There is a difference in between old testament and old covenant. The new covenant completes and fulfills the promises and requirements of the old covenant. But God remains unchanged. God's standard still applies. God's moral righteousness ( law) still applies, because God (Jesus) is the same yesterday, today, and tomorrow.
One man sinned (Adam), so all have sinned. God first saved 1 family, Noah's from the righteous judgement of the worldwide flood. This is a word picture of saving some from the righteous judgement of fallen humanity.
Next, God saved the ancestry of one man, Abraham. God told them to be holy and made ceremonial and civil examples to help them and reveal to them what god requires to be saved by sacrificial substitutional atonement, a word picture of the work of christ on our behalf.
From physical slavery to Egypt, a word picture of our natural slavery to sin and worldliness. And fulfilled prophesy and promise to save some in every tribe in Jesus. Those who expect God to save all of israel by any way other than Jesus, are deceived or misguided.
Clearly, there has to be a singular truth with both old and new testament support.
What does the 0ld Testament say?
Notice the seed ( lower case) of the serpent and her Seed ( capitalized) as referring to a specific individual, Jesus Christ.
Does this multitude of descendants include the church? Does it include all israelites ? Will modern day Jews be saved in a different way than through Jesus as part of His body the Church?
Do all descendants get saved? No. Only the elect chosen by God. But Jesus is the Seed who defeats the devil and all who are saved are in Christ and that is the Church which only includes everyone saved by faith in the old and new testament. But the faith is in Christ who accomplished what was impossible for us to do or even contribute toward ourselves. Our works and obedience supernaturally flow from us, new creatures IN Christ. Saved from God by God for God. In faith alone, but never alone. Old testament and covenant pointed forward to Christ. The new testament and covenant points back to Christ. In Christ alone are we saved!
So what is biblically accurate for us to do with the old testament?
1) Study Its history and trust in its accuracy.
2) Study the character of God. His holiness, His omnipotence, His omniscience, His universal presence.
3) Study man's fallen condition and God's preordained solution to it.
4) Study God's adversary satan with his demons and recognize his nature and deceptions.
5) We don't choose to be saved. We have no input into salvation. Rather, those saved by God will think and act redeemed. We are declared holy and seek holiness through sanctification, guided and protected by the Holy Spirit in a manner consistent with the will of God, the will of Jesus, and the will of the Holy Spirit, all three wills identical.
When God describes what is holy and what is not holy in the old or new testament, it is the same for us today. Keep this in mind, daily. As the world and false teachers claim that idolatry, lust, fornication, homosexuality, or tattoos are ok, trust only God's view on it. When we find ourselves enslaved to the thought or practice of it, repent and seek God's forgiveness, and be saved, sanctified, and Glorified by God. Don't let anyone deceive you. God wants us to be Holy and He alone has the power to make it so!
~ by az4christ on June 28, 2013.


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Taiwan may be a fairly small island, but it's packed with an incredible degree of diversity. It's one of the most densely populated areas in the world, yet has huge tracts of beautiful wilderness. At the same time as being a fantastic destination for fashion and shopping, it's just as popular for its hiking trails and outdoor pursuits.
The different cities and counties of Taiwan each have their own unique character and culture. Taipei is naturally the most lively and cosmopolitan, while Nantou has the most interesting history, Yilan has the friendliest people and Hsinchu is the most artistic. With the help of an ultra-modern public transport system, getting from one of the island to the other is very easy and affordable, so you can enjoy all of these different destinations and more within a single trip.
Top destinations in Taiwan
Trending now in Taiwan
10 Best Shopping Malls in Taipei
5 Best Night Markets in Taipei
9 Best Things to Do in Kaohsiung
12 Best Things to do in Hsinchu
13 Best Things to Do in Yilan
5 Best Shopping in Kaohsiung
5 Best Restaurants in Yilan
3 Best Shopping Experiences in Hsinchu
20 Best Places to Go Shopping in Taipei
9 Best Restaurants in Hsinchu
10 Best Tours in Taipei
3 Best Nightlife in Hsinchu
10 Best Local Foods in Taipei
3 Best Places to Go Shopping in Yilan
Browse Taiwan by category
Also popular in Asia


text:
Q: Dynamically change a banner size on changing the browser window using Jquery I came up with this solution that works well, except I have to refresh the screen to change the banner size.
<script type="text/javascript">
    var wi = $("#containingDiv").width();
    var iw = $(document).width();
    $(document).ready(function () {
        var iw = $(document).width();
        $('#test b').html(iw);
        $(window).resize(function () {
            iw = $(document).width();
            $('#test b').html(iw);
            wi = $("#containingDiv").width();
            wi = Math.round(iw * .6);
            $('#test1 b').html(wi);
            $("#s1").css('width',wi);
            $("#s2").css('width',wi);
            $("#s3").css('width',wi);
            $("#s4").css('width',wi);
            $("#s5").css('width',wi);
            $("#s6").css('width',wi);
            $("#s7").css('width',wi);
            $("#s8").css('width',wi);

        });
        $('#allinone_bannerRotator_classic').allinone_bannerRotator({
            skin: 'classic',
            width: wi,
            height: wi /2,
            responsive: true,
            responsiveRelativeToBrowser: true,
            animationTime: 0.5,
            width100Proc: false,
            autoHideBottomNav: true,
            showPreviewThumbs: false,
            showNavArrows: false,
            showBottomNav: false,
            autoHideNavArrows: true,
            loop: true,
            enableTouchScreen: true,
            showCircleTimer: false,
            autoPlay: 4,
            resizeImages: true,
            defaultEffect: 'fade'
        });

        ////$('.bxslider').bxSlider({
        ////    mode: 'fade',
        ////    captions: true
        ////});
    });
</script>

First I get the div width where I have placed the banner, and get the document width, then I scale the images and the banner.  I tried to put the banner script inside the window resize, unfortunately it did not work, could not see the images.  I would appreciate your suggestions.

A: First, you you should put your resize function next to the ready function, not inside.
$(document).ready(function () {
    //Stuffs here
});

$(window).resize(function () {
    //Stuffs here
});

And there will be a .refresh() function for your allinone_bannerRotator pluggin.
So, on ready, you initialize your pluggin, on resize, you set new options (width), and then refresh.
Read the pluggin's documentation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Appeal of a STUDENT WITH A DISABILITY and HIS SIBLINGS, by their parent, from action of the Board of Education of the Wheatland-Chili Central School District regarding residency and transportation.
Harris Beach PLLC, Esq., attorneys for respondent, Laura M. Purcell, Esq., of counsel
ELIA, Commissioner.--Petitioner appeals the determination of the Board of Education of the Wheatland-Chili Central School District ("respondent") that her children (the "students") are not homeless within the meaning of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 USC §11431 et seq., "McKinney-Vento") and, therefore, are not entitled to attend the district's schools or receive transportation. The appeal must be dismissed.
The record reflects that prior to the 2012-2013 school year, petitioner and her children resided within respondent's district. In or around June 2012, petitioner informed respondent's superintendent that she was losing her home due to economic hardship and that she would be sharing the home of another located within the City School District of the City of Rochester ("out-of-district address"). Respondent deemed petitioner and her children to be homeless under McKinney-Vento and allowed the students to continue to attend respondent's schools.
In a letter dated August 13, 2013, the superintendent asserted that the district had fulfilled its obligations under McKinney-Vento, and the students "must now be registered for the 2013-2014 school year in the school district where [petitioner] ha[d] been residing for the past year."
On August 27, 2013, petitioner notified an administrative assistant employed by the district that she would be relocating to a residence within the district ("in-district address"). The administrative assistant told petitioner that, to substantiate her claim of residency, the owner of the in-district address would have to execute an owner's affidavit indicating that petitioner and the students resided at the in-district address. Although petitioner indicated that she would have the affidavit executed "right away," petitioner failed to do so despite multiple requests by the district.
By letter dated November 22, 2013, the superintendent informed petitioner of her determination that the students' residence outside the district was considered fixed, regular and adequate, and that the students would no longer be permitted to attend the district's schools effective December 23, 2013. This appeal ensued. Petitioner's request for interim relief was denied on January 31, 2014.
Petitioner claims that she and the students reside at the out-of-district address and are sharing the housing of another person due to a loss of housing, economic hardship or a similar reason.
Respondent maintains that the appeal is untimely. Respondent further asserts that petitioner has failed to meet her burden of demonstrating a clear legal right to the relief requested and that she and her children are not homeless within the meaning of McKinney-Vento.
The appeal must be dismissed as untimely. An appeal to the Commissioner must be commenced within 30 days from the making of the decision or the performance of the act complained of, unless any delay is excused by the Commissioner for good cause shown (8 NYCRR §275.16; Appeal of Lippolt, 48 Ed Dept Rep 457, Decision No. 15,914; Appeal of Williams, 48 id. 343, Decision No. 15,879). The Commissioner has previously held that an appeal is timely when commenced within 30 days of receiving the determination (Appeal of C.S., 48 Ed Dept Rep 497, Decision No. 15,929; Appeal of M.H. and E.H., 47 id. 274, Decision No. 15,694). When the record does not indicate when petitioner actually received the determination, the date of receipt is calculated by affording the usual five days for mailing, excluding Sundays and holidays (Appeal of K.W., 48 Ed Dept Rep 451, Decision No. 15,912; Appeal of Bruning and Coburn-Bruning, 48 id. 325, Decision No. 15,872). In this case, respondent's final determination was dated November 22, 2013. Affording the usual five days for mailing, excluding Sundays and holidays, petitioner's appeal therefore needed to be served by December 30, 2013. Petitioner did not commence her appeal until January 6, 2014. Petitioner does not provide good cause, or any cause, for such delay in her petition. Consequently, the appeal must be dismissed as untimely (Appeal of C.M., 57 Ed Dept Rep, Decision No. 17,131; Appeal of K.B., 56 id., Decision No. 16,937).
Given this disposition, I need not address the parties' remaining contentions.


text:
American Poet Laureate 2010
admin January 13, 2020 January 13, 2020 Comments Off on American Poet Laureate 2010
At the 2010 Oscars, Portland's Anna Kendrick was nominated for a best supporting actress. has lost his seat at the table.
Chris Colfer Author Land Of Stories 17 Jul 2017. Chris Colfer will meet fans at Miami Dade College on Friday, July 21, when the author and "Glee" actor reads from his book "The Land of Stories:
Over 100 anti-war activists took part in a national day of grassroots action in opposition to escalation of war with Iran in.
27 Jul 2017. Boston poet laureate Danielle Legros Georges, who edited the collection, sees it as "a meeting place, a poetic 'city square' for a wide. Former U.S. poet laureate Robert Pinsky recites one of his poems on stage in 2010.
Our previous poet laureates. Matt Windle, 2016 to 2018. Adrian Blackledge, 2014 to 2016. Joanna Skelt, 2013 to 2014. Stephen Morrison-Burke, 2012 to 2013. Jan Watts, 2011 to 2012. Roy McFarlane. 2010 to 2011. Adrian Johnson, 2009 to.
Chan and Wong wrote fiction; Inada was a poet. Alongside their own writing. immigrant narrative still crowds out.
Be With You Forever Poems you are going to be looking for revenue." Then, these services will have no choice (because they always have to be making. And I will pray the Father, and he
Indeed, American statesman Ben Franklin is credited with saying. least five days of the week" (in consultation with the.
RICHMOND, Calif., Jan. 9, 2020 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ — Saxophonist-composer Benjamin Boone's "The Poetry of Jazz," a visionary collaboration with U.S. Poet Laureate Philip Levine, was praised in leading.
The list of participating writers includes the present U.S. Poet Laureate, Joy Harjo. Graham will begin his two-year term as Indiana Poet Laureate, January 1, 2020 and will continue serving through December. Joyce Brinkman, July 2005 through June 2007 (interview); Norbert Krapf, July 2008 through June 2010 ( website).
11 May 2019. Poet Simon Armitage, whose "witty and profound" work spans sharp observations about modern life and classical. the matter of our lives with characters and subject matter that lived among us: teachers and council tenants, chip. He was made a CBE in 2010. The poet laureate is an honorary position that is officially appointed by the Queen, acting on advice from the government.
The Iraqi Frankenstein in Baghdad novelist, who also writes as a poet and screenwriter, was part of Beirut39, Hay Festival's.
10 May 2010. Paulann Petersen, a Portland poet, teacher and literary salon keeper, became Oregon's sixth poet laureate last month, appointed by Gov. Memorial in Washington, D.C. Markham's obituary in The New York Times referred to him as " dean of American poets.". Portland. Named Oregon poet laureate: April 2010. Petersen moved back to her native Portland in 1991 after many years in.
6 Feb 2003. Poets Laureate of the U.S. of A.: their job as the country's literary advocate; their work and pay. Charles Simic (2007-2008); Kay Ryan (2008-2010); W.S. Merwin (2010-2013); Levine, Philip (2011-2012); Trethewey, Natasha.
Those who left us in 2010: Jyoti Basu, 5-time chief minister. Those who left us in 2014: Robin Williams commits suicide at.
Reflections On Ice Breaking Poet No Fear Shakespeare Tempest Act 5 The Midland Classic Theatre Group began to bring classical pieces to local audiences and debuted this summer with an. The Midland Classic Theatre Group
12 Apr 2010. America's quiet poet laureate. and an institution, it is hard to imagine how D. H. Lawrence could ever have said that "the essential American soul is hard, isolate, stoic, and a killer." MORE FROM THIS ISSUE. April 12, 2010.
His biography says he is a Nova Scotian of African American and Mi'kmaq descent. Clarke, during his 2016-2017 tenure as.
15 Mar 2019. A Pulitzer prize winner and former US poet laureate, Merwin completed more than 20 books, from early works inspired by myths and. He was chosen the country's poet laureate in 2010 and served a single one-year term.
In Poetry And Fiction The Main Reason 16 Jun 2016. There are many reasons to appreciate poetry, but KM Barkley wants to focus on why poetry is good for the soul, whether in relation to readers. Prose
. 31 reviews. Schmidt offers the first anthology to gather poems by the 43 poets laureate of the United States. They range from Joseph Auslander (1937) to W. S. Merwin (2010), the outgoing laureate now that Philip Levine was named a few weeks ago to succeed him. Two things are. The editors have sifted through the works of the American Poets Laureate and served up the tastiest morsels. Prior to.
Juanita J. Martin became the first African-American poet laureate in Solano County and the first poet laureate for Fairfield, California. She was officially appointed on December 7, 2010 by the Fairfield City Council. Martin was chosen because.
She critiqued a batch of his poems every few weeks, and he dove into the study of ancient Chinese poetry and language. Though.
From a Nobel laureate to a little known Sikh actor. Panchanathan is the second Indian-American to head the prestigious.
Your My World Poems For Her Beautiful love poems and wedding poems plus love quotes and love songs. Sweet love letter: https://www.lovelettersfromheart.com/my-true-feelings-for-…/ <3. I have no peace, in this world or any other. The lovers. Stay
Poet Laureate: Jaki Shelton Green: Saturday, Jan. 25, 2 p.m. N.C. poet laureate Jaki Shelton Green will speak as part of the.
Geoffrey Chaucer Canterbury Tales General Prologue "Debt and Money in the General Prologue of the Canterbury Tales." Jordan Leh '21 (Wind Gap), archaeology major; medieval studies minor: "BBC's Merlin as a Modern-Day Re-Imagining of an Early
2020年1月1日. poet laureate 意味, 定義, poet laureate は何か: in the UK, a poet given a special position by the king or queen, who is asked to write poems about…. もっと見る.
24 Jun 2018. In this 2011 photo, President Barack Obama presents a 2010 National Medal of Arts to poet Donald Hall, during in a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington. Hall, a prolific, award-winning poet and man.
Nobel laureate Michael Levitt will deliver a public lecture at. as part of the Erudite scheme of the Kerala State Higher.
head of the office of the British Daily Telegraph in Baghdad and photojournalist of the American Washington Post in.
27 Jun 2019. Joy Harjo, a Muscogee Creek citizen, is the first Native American Poet Laureate. Courtesy photo.WASHINGTON, D.C. – Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden today announced the appointment of Joy Harjo as the nation's 23rd.
1987: The White House releases a memorandum prepared for US President Ronald Reagan in January 1986 that showed a definite.
His poems have appeared in numerous anthologies including Photographers, Writers, and the American Scene; Poet's Choice; Sixty Years of American. Valerie Martinez served as the City's second Poet Laureate, from 2008 through 2010.
The event features four black women — also including Boston poet laureate Porsha Olayiwola, multidisciplinary artist Amanda.
16 Mar 2019. Alongside his two Pulitzer Prizes, Merwin won the National Book Award in 2005 for Migration: New and Selected Poems, and served as the United States Poet Laureate from 2010 to 2011. His final book of poems, Garden.
Rodriguez, Princeton University Professor and 22nd Poet Laureate of the United States Tracy K. running for six positions —.
Leaving a great legacy Nobel laureate Toni Morrison, a pioneer of modern literature whose imaginative power in 'Beloved',
Seibles carries the distinction of being the first African American man to serve as Virginia's Poet Laureate. From 2010 to 2011, she served as a Literary Arts Specialist with former Virginia Poet Laureate, Claudia Emerson, on a Metrorail.
Evansville: A recently retired University of Southern Indiana professor already has a new job, as the state's newest poet.
She was appointed poet laureate by Governor Jay Rockefeller in 1979. Howard Harper. She was the first African-American.
The buzz for this fiction debut by Scottish poet Toon has been building nicely. Rounding off the trilogy begun with The.
Rita Dove 2010. A Brief Biography. Rita Dove served as Poet Laureate of the United States and Consultant to the. A 1970 Presidential Scholar as one of the hundred top American high school graduates that year, she received her B.A.
Sad Poetry Missing Someone
Tarot Reading Books For Beginners


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Q: What is causing the getVolitaleOffscreenBuffer NullPointerException? I am creating a BufferedImage from a JPanel without rendering it to a JFrame with the following function:
public BufferedImage getScreenShot(JComponent c){
    BufferedImage i = new BufferedImage(c.getWidth(), c.getHeight(),
        BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    c.paint(i.getGraphics());
    return i;
}

Then I place the BufferedImage into a PowerPoint presentation using Apache POI. I have used this code without problems for years, but I recently upgraded to Windows 7 and Java 1.7. (These are the most recent versions I'm allowed to use due to outdated contract requirements.) Since the upgrade, many of my users randomly get a
NullPointerException
at javax.swing.RepaintManager.getVolatileOffscreenBuffer(Unknown Source)

that traces back to line 2 of the function above (c.paint(...).
This only happens in about 1 run out of 50, so it is impossible to debug. I've looked everywhere I can think of for help but have come up empty handed. Can anyone help?
Thanks


Your diamond was possibly laser inscribed with the IGI Report number. Diamond laser inscription is the process of using a very fine and precise laser beam to write a report number or even a personalized message on the girdle - the outside circumference - of the diamond.
© 2019 International Gemological Institute.


All My Love Crafts: The Cat's Meow and a Butterfly!
Day 4 is working with Mini Dies. I chose to try this technique by Jennifer Rzasa to use mini dies as a background. Only problem....I only have ONE mini die. (and, of course, it's a kitty) Needless to say this card took me a while to create, but I do love the final product! Plus I got to play with my watercolor paper and distress inks again. The colors used are Mustard Seed, Bundled Sage and Salty Ocean to try and give a colorful ombre-like effect.
The sentiment used says "You're The Cat's Meow!"
Day 5 was about coordinating dies...unfortunately, I don't own any die/stamp sets. (Yet anyway lol!) Shari Carroll used a die to create a beautiful window on the front of her card. I wanted to mimic this technique using what I had and chose Butterfly Two dies by Spellbinders. They have a pattern inside the die cut that can be embossed. I used this as a stencil instead to put Peacock Feathers Distress Ink in the center of the butterfly. The pop up window is colored with Lilac ink and placed over the stenciled image using foam tape.


It is possible for anyone to look stylish and looking stylish is not just about wearing clothes that are trending or expensive from famous designers. Good styling is about mastering the complex styling trick. In most cases it is as easy as wearing jewelry, throwing on a pair of sunglasses and a hat. So how can you look stylish every single day you step out of your home and out to the world. Here are a few useful style tips that you could use to transform your look to a head-turning stylish one.
Don't just buy outfits for that wedding, Christmas party, award ceremony, weekend reunion with friends or for going to meet his parents. It is understandable that when you are going somewhere exciting for you to feel the need for a special outfit. The problem with such purchases is that they only get to go for only that one outing and that is it. If you are buying an outfit for a gala event, for example, you will wear it only once and not in the next gala event or in another casual event. The solution to such a situation simply buying dressier outfits that are more versatile. Go for simple and more classic instead of trend-led outfits because you can wear them on multiple occasions. The beauty of versatile outfits is that they can be accessorized cleverly, and they will never feel like the same look.
Well, this happens on occasions where there is a trend that has hit the fashion world. You might be tempted to buy the outfit on a whim because it is a hot trend and because it looked good on someone else. Consider fabrics as well. You might prefer Fabric Yard bullet fabric. You think they look outstanding and you want to pull off the look. Well, if the trend suits your body type and age, then it is okay, you can have it in your wardrobe. However, it would be a huge mistake if you bought and wore it and it doesn't suit you at all and actually makes you uncomfortable. Don't buy anything because it is a trend, look for outfits that make you look best and suit your body type and everyday style of dressing.
Most people are culprits when it comes to throwing away women outfits or accessories as soon as they are damaged. Just because an outfit is torn or an accessory is damaged, you don't have to throw it away. You can get them fixed and it is important to know where to fix things within your local community. If you need fabrics just visit any apparel fabric online store. There could be a great seamstress or someone who is great at restoring handbags, shoes and other things when they are worn or damaged. Some of the fashion things you own could be unique and hard to find replicas in the market. Rather than lose your stylish look, go have them mended, restored or fixed then continue rocking your stylish look.
Looking stylish every day should be something to look forward to every day for you. The above tips should steer you into having great fashion adventures every single day. Be the fashion icon that you are supposed to be by embracing style.


How To Enroll Learners Using Employee Number ?
When attempting to search an employee on single enrollment page, the LOV has only two options in the drop down to search the employee, i.e. Full Name and Email Address .
How to search using Employee Number?


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Ritz-Carlton Redefines Luxury Cruising With 2020 Yacht Collection
Experiences | Allie Edwards | Dec 19th, 2018
Little can compare to the sheer opulence of award-winning luxury hotel giant, The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. Recognized for delivering happiness in the form of euphoric experiences, its mission is rooted in a commitment to personalized service. With over 100 properties in 30 countries worldwide, it is safe to say the brand has conquered the hospitality industry. And soon, Ritz-Carlton plans to master the sea.
Renderings are artistic concepts. All features, plans and specifications are subject to change without notice.
Scheduled to set sail in early-2020, The Ritz-Carlton Yacht Collection (RCYC) promises an onboard experience unlike any of its cruising predecessors. In fact, the new lodging option distinguishes parent company Marriott International as the only provider of luxury accommodations on both land and sea. Offering elegant and enlightening expeditions, each lasting from seven to 10 days, RCYC has opened reservations to the public and began booking interested guests in June of 2018.
So, what makes RCYC so special? The first thing of note is the vessel. Crafted in partnership with leading cruise ship design firm Tillberg Design of Sweden, the collection is comprised of three custom-built yachts. The ships are intimate in size, measuring 190-meters, and feature a sexy, matte black exterior. Up to 298 guests can cruise comfortably in the relaxed, yet glamorous atmosphere. Each of the ship's 149 suites comes with a private terrace, and in true, high-roller style, there will also be two 158 square-meter "Owner" suites up for grabs.
Another standout characteristic is the collection's uncommon ports of call. Inaugural tours will cover familiar cruise destinations of the Mediterranean, Northern Europe, the Caribbean and Latin America. But because the yachts are smaller than traditional cruise lines', they will also dock at more intimate ports such as Portofino, Mykonos and St. Barths.
The Amenities
As with every Ritz-Carlton experience, guests will enjoy an array of amenities atop the wondrous waters. A few of the most lavish being a restaurant by Sven Elverfield of Aqua, the three Michelin-starred restaurant at The Ritz-Carlton, Wolfsburg; a signature Ritz-Carlton spa; and elegant lounges offering live entertainment.
The Onshore Experience
Though the onboard activities will be hard to leave behind, Ritz-Carlton has hand-crafted fascinating itineraries for travelers to enjoy onshore. Guided by a dedicated Concierge Ashore, excursions will be accessible in five engaging categories: Iconic Sights, Stirring the Senses, Cultural Connections, Active Explorations and Epicurean Experiences. The paths were tailored to immerse travelers in the respective cultures and highlight the local beauty. During the Aruba Aloe Tour, guests visit an island aloe facility to learn about the product's healing powers before creating their own sugar scrub at The Ritz Carlton Spa, Aruba. Whereas, the Flightseeing over Blue Hole and Mayan Ruins exploration offers a sky-high look into history complete with waterfall and hillside views just before a wine and food pairing deep in the jungle. For the travelers who prefer to design their own days on land, the concierge will be on-hand to assist with bespoke schedules.
Ritz-Carlton perseveres as a hospitality frontrunner with its trademark, timeless style. Now, the brand will make waves as an industry pioneer. The Ritz-Carlton Yacht Collection gives new meaning to luxury cruising and because of its "captain's" legendary reputation, travelers shouldn't hesitate to climb aboard.
All Renderings Courtesy of Ritz-Carlton Yacht Collection
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