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Home > Test, Measurement & Analytics > Chiplet Reliability Challenges Ahead
Chiplet Reliability Challenges Ahead
Determining how third-party chiplets will work in complex systems is still a problem.
August 12th, 2020 - By: Ed Sperling
Assembling chips using LEGO-like hard IP is finally beginning to take root, more than two decades after it was first proposed, holding the promise of faster time to market with predictable results and higher yield. But as these systems of chips begin showing up in mission-critical and safety-critical applications, ensuring reliability is proving to be stubbornly difficult.
The main driver for the chiplet approach is the drop-off of power, performance and area (PPA) benefits from scaling. It's more expensive and more time-consuming to develop chips at each successive process node, and the reasons for doing so are fading. TSMC's 5nm finFET process "offers 15% faster speed at same power or a 30% power reduction at same speed with 1.84X logic density of the 7nm node," said Geoffrey Yeap, senior director of advanced technology at TSMC, in a paper at the recent IEDM conference.
Prior to the finFET process nodes, chipmakers scaled transistor specs by 0.7X, enabling a 40% performance boost for the same amount of power and a 50% reduction in area. That formula no longer applies.
That reduction in PPA, coupled with a demand for more customized solutions in end markets, has pushed chipmakers and systems companies to examine alternative approaches. Advanced packaging is a key part of this strategy, offering faster time to market with modular customization, almost unlimited area, and new configuration possibilities for improved throughput, thermal dissipation, and better management of other physical effects.
Intel, Marvell and AMD all have working silicon using this approach, and the rest of the industry is gearing up to follow suit, particularly for edge applications where customization and time-to-market are essential. The expectation is that if companies can develop customized solutions fastest for increasingly narrow market segments, they will take leadership roles in those segments. More modular approaches that can utilize specialized accelerators and algorithms are viewed as key requirements for achieving this goal.
This has made chiplets the big buzzword in the design world, and foundries and OSATs are ramping a number of different modular architectures using proven third-party hardened IP.
"A lot of the chiplet-level work is being done by the big systems companies," said Vivek Chikermane, distinguished engineer at Cadence. "If you're a mid-tier company, though, you may only make one chip. To make that work, more standardization is required. That's why TSMC is looking at this for its ecosystem. There is some standardization that comes with the packaging. This puts the onus on the package integrator."
Will they work?
Still, ensuring that chiplets will work as expected throughout their expected lifetimes, with increasingly heterogeneous, multi-vendor architectures is not trivial.
"If you look at what TSMC is doing, they get trusted IP and they have a scoring system from a reliability perspective, and in the next evolution that will probably be available in chiplet form," said Matthew Hogan, product director at Mentor, a Siemens Business. "What you'll probably see is chiplets will become a commodity, where you have chip 'wings' inside of packages using standard interfaces."
These so-called wings would work like add-ons for a pre-designed module, using standard interconnects for attaching to the main module. And while they would not provide as large an improvement in performance and power as a ground-up, multi-chip design, this approach does offer custom acceleration of specific algorithms and significant time-to-market improvements.
What goes wrong
The number of new ideas pouring into advanced packaging has turned into a flood over the past year or so. Moving off a single planar die into a package has opened up all sorts of possibilities.
"We're starting to hear more about on-board optics," said Rita Horner, senior staff product marketing manager at Synopsys. "The idea is to package electrical and optical together to get beyond 100 gigabits per second (Gbps) because you cannot afford packet loss. On a single chip, you also have to deal with thermal issues and even more complexity. Rising temperatures mean a device will age much faster. To get to 200 Gbps, you will need on-board optics. But how do you maintain that?"
The answer isn't entirely clear. More work needs to be done on the design, verification and modeling side, and testing needs to happen continually throughout a product's lifecycle. Moreover, all of this needs to be revisited and updated on a regular basis as algorithms change, and because devices within a package may age and degrade at different rates.
Placing chips in multi-chip packages can help with physical effects, but only if the architecture takes into account all of the various components in the package. It also can help to deal with rising data density, particularly in AI/ML chips, where there currently is not enough processing capability to fit on a single reticle-sized die. In fact, some of the chips being developed today are being "stitched" together.
Advanced packaging doesn't eliminate physical effects, but it does provide some additional options on the z axis to separate different components, such as two processing elements, to minimize heat. The problem for chiplet makers is they don't necessarily know what their chiplet will be next to, and that can affect how it should be characterized for such effects as various types of noise, as well as heat. All of those need to be understood better and standardized.
An IDM would have a working knowledge of the proximity effects around different chiplets they have developed. But for others, these may be black boxes and numbers on a spreadsheet.
Improving reliability
"With chiplets, you're really looking at a small system," said Evelyn Landman, CTO of proteanTecs. "When you do wafer sort, you can see how each chip performs. And when you do final test, we also can see what's going on with packaging. But in the field, you need to look at everything because anything can happen. So you need to be looking not only at the interfaces, but also inside the chip."
This becomes particularly important because with third-party chiplets, characterization may vary.
"Today, whenever you use chiplets, you need to put the same communication IP on both sides," said Landman. "Otherwise it won't work. We are mostly agnostic about the PHY. All we require is that our Agents are inside the interface. There are a lot of options today. Everyone is doing something similar, but none is exactly the same. They're using different base platforms with different speeds, different widths, different chips and different processes. As long as the PHY is the same, it doesn't matter."
The idea of chiplets isn't new. Multi-chip modules have been in use since the 1980s. But hooking together specialized dielets/chiplets/tiles using a standard interconnect is different, and the market needs and the technology are both converging.
"This has been talked about for a long time, and now it's turning into reality," said Doug Lefever, president and CEO of Advantest America. "This puts a higher degree of importance on the backend operation. The backend needs to look a lot more like the frontend in terms of processes, and the analytics that go along with that, and making sure the equipment is matched. That has to happen because packaging and chiplets are now part of the differentiation. This is all going to happen quickly, too. As opposed to a new processor, which is multi-year cycle, you may see a new package come out in a matter of months and be put together with an architecture enabled by chiplets. It will require more sophisticated manufacturing systems — which is why we signed a deal with PDF Solutions — as well as dealing with the sheer velocity of this."
In the past, understanding what went wrong often was the result of a post-mortem on a field failure years after a device was released into the market. The challenge for chiplets is to identify problems earlier in the cycle, even before the devices leave the fab, and preferably before they are packaged together.
"This is exactly the kind of thing that is enabled by end-to-end analytics combined with test data," said John Kibarian, CEO of PDF Solutions. "When chips come back, you need to understand what's functioning, and what's not functioning and why. Then you need to look at all the other chips that were processed on that set of tools, which is why you need traceability in the assembly flow. What other chips were on that wirebond on that day?"
This also requires storing large volumes of data for extended periods of time, and that can be multiplied by the number of chiplets that were manufactured separately, sometimes using entirely different process geometries.
But it's not just about using different chiplets in a package. Even planar chips are being developed with dielets or tiles. Cerebras, which garnered attention by putting everything into a planer wafer-sized dize, uses side-by-side dielets connected over a 100 petabit per second interconnect, which allows for extremely efficient routing between the channels. If something fails, those dielets are turned off.
Use cases vary from market to the next, and from one device to the next. Nevertheless, there are some common problems that need to be addressed. Testability is one challenge, particularly once these mini-systems are packaged together, because there are only so many test leads that can extend out of a package. As a result, test has to happen in stages, from individual die to the fully assembled package.
HBM, one of the best-known package technologies, offers some insight into the kinds of problems facing chiplet makers.
"Much of what we do is either early characterization through our engineering systems business or the disposition in the fab, or just coming out of the fab," said said Mike Slessor, president and CEO of FormFactor. "That determines whether a die should move on and become part of the HBM stack, for example, or be packaged into a standard logic substrate."
As with DRAM, the challenge will be figuring out what is good enough in some of these applications, a problem that is not entirely solved because two marginally good die may create one bad package.
"You're testing to make sure that each of these component die are functionally good, or good enough to be repaired in the final package," Slessor said. "And because they're being fabricated on fairly advanced nodes — at least 1x or 1y nanometer DRAM nodes, the yields are not great. And so it's a simple functional characterization of making sure that the die that go into the stack are as close to good as they can get. I'm reluctant to use the term 'known good die' because it conveys the notion of a perfect thing, and nothing in the semiconductor industry is perfect. There's a balance of cost versus risk that people constantly play with, and for DRAM there is some level of repairability and redundancy. So you see all of those different knobs being exercised. But HBM for sure has impacted not just the volumes of our DRAM probe card business, but also the spec requirements as they continue to tighten them up."
So far, most of the 3D stacking has been memory on top of logic, or with HBM, memory on memory. "For that, you can test the interconnect between the logic and the memory," said Cadence's Chikermane. "But we do anticipate logic on logic, and that changes everything. In 2.5D and fan-out, you can do probing. With a 3D stack, that's impossible. You need to design in and build in test bus access.
Fig. 1: Test access architecture for testing individual, assembled and packaged dies. Source: Synopsys
Design for testability and traceability
And this is where things get significantly more complicated from a reliability standpoint. With 3D, design for test (DFT) also includes design for testability. There has to be a way of testing after packaging, and re-testing throughout the device's lifetime. A big challenge with chiplets is understanding all of that and creating standards, particularly as more third-party chiplets are used.
"With a variety of vendors developing chiplets, this becomes a truly democratized market," said Mentor's Hogan. "But now you have to decide who defines the electrical interfaces, what is the standard of care, how much ESD protection is required, and during assembly, how you transport it to the OSATs and assembly houses. There are still a lot of questions about who owns what part. We saw that with HBM, where they were required to have an exact pin-out. Similar things have to happen with chiplets."
There also needs to be much better characterization of chiplets.
"A lot of these are like black boxes," said Simon Rance, vice president of marketing at ClioSoft. "The industry is going to have to collaborate on a standard way of defining all the necessary characteristics in metadata format, and how and where to capture and store it. I see this as being similar problem that we saw with the hardware/software interface IP management that spawned the SPIRIT Consortium and eventually became IP-XACT and IEEE1685. ClioSoft needs something similar defined for characterization and third-party chipsets in order for us to provide the tracking solution to the industry."
While the individual chiplets can be tracked today, the industry needs to agree on a standard way to tag all of this information, Rance said.
That will go a long way toward understanding how to floor-plan a device in three dimensions, and improve the overall reliability of the device.
"You really need to understand what is the correct technology for 'this portion' or 'that portion' of a package," Hogan said. "The problem is you don't know what other chiplets will be next to that chiplet. You need to understand the electrical and physical requirements to make this work."
Another element that enters into the advanced packaging picture is security. In a safety-critical or mission-critical application, security equals reliability. Chiplets inherently are not less secure than any other IP, but how they are attached, how the data flows through a device, and where the chiplets are sourced all need to be considered.
"With any type of secure data communication, there are always concerns about both confidentiality and authenticity of the data," said Scott Best, technical director of anti-counterfeiting products at Rambus. "This is true if the two parties are communicating across the world, or if they're communicating across a 2.5D interposer in a heterogenous SoC. So the number of attack surfaces — non-invasive, semi-invasive, fully-invasive — is not 'solved' by chiplets, but it's not made that much worse, either. In general, SoCs formed with chiplets are 'easier to attack' than a monolithic SoC, but more secure than traditional chip-to-chip interfaces running across a PCB. A security concern would be that data used to communicate on very fine pitch (and difficult to reach) on-chip buses is now being communicated through 'top-layer' chip-to-chip interfaces, so those new interfaces present new targets for, say, power-analysis or man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks."
Because chiplets increasingly will be developed by third parties, they also open the door for hardware Trojans. "It's nearly impossible for an adversary to 'inject' a malicious circuit onto a production graphic database system (GDS) mask without an insider attack by the GDS-owner (i.e., the chipmaker)," Best said. "But in a chiplet environment, it is much more difficult to confirm non-malicious behavior of a chiplet that's part of the heterogenous solution. For example, does that 100G Ethernet PHY chiplet have an embedded hardware Trojan that the SoC will never know about? It might, by design, with no 'insider attack' necessary."
As the industry begins to address third-party chiplets, it also will need to address the reliability aspects of a complete system. This requires more modeling, more testing, and more simulations, and it will require historical data.
Most experts believe the chip industry has no choice but to head in this direction. But shifting gears from 50 years of shrinking everything onto one die, including entire PCBs, to stacking separate dies in an advanced package and ensuring they will work reliably for the projected lifetime of that packaged system is hardly a simple next step. It will require innovation, lots of documentation, and many more standards for how chips are characterized, tested, inspected, measured and handled throughout this process. So far, we have just scratched the surface.
The Good And Bad Of Chiplets
IDMs leverage chiplet models, others are still working on it.
Chiplet Momentum Rising
Companies and organizations racing to define interfaces and standards as SoC scaling costs continue to rise.
Smaller Nodes, Much Bigger Problems
Ansys' chief technologist digs into looming issues with device scaling, advanced packaging and AI everywhere.
eFPGAs Vs. FPGA Chiplets
Which approach works best where.
Tags: Advantest AI AMD Cadence Cerebras chiplets Cliosoft finFETs FormFactor IDMs IEDM Intel Marvell Mentor ML Moore's law OSATs PDF Solutions proteanTecs Rambus scaling Siemens Synopsys TSMC
Ed Sperling
(all posts)
Ed Sperling is the editor in chief of Semiconductor Engineering.
Frederic Tilhac says:
Thx, very interesting article and I do share this vision as well beeing in this industry since 30 years.
Songtao Liu says:
Very insightful article. The chiplet solution will be more welcomed than ever.
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Washington – Senate Finance Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) and Ranking Member Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) have issued subpoenas for documents in their bipartisan probe of syndicated conservation-easement transactions. Generally, conservation easements are a legitimate tax tool to promote land conservation, but some of them in recent years may have allowed some taxpayers to profit from gaming the law—depriving the government of billions in revenue.
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Machine Translation Weekly 16: Hybrid character-level and word-level machine translation
Oct 23, 2019 mt-weekly en
One of the topics I am currently dealing with in my research is character-level modeling for neural machine translation. Therefore, I was glad to see a paper that appeared on arXiv last week called On the Importance of Word Boundaries in Character-level Neural Machine Translation that shows an interesting hybrid between word-level and character-level models.
At first sight, it may seem that using words is a natural choice—after all human dictionaries consist almost exclusively of word-to-word translations. One of the problems is that the current models can only work with a limited vocabulary (tens of thousands of entries). This is not much if you consider that in inflective languages each word can occur in many forms. Even if we were able to use much larger vocabulary (say one million word forms), most of the word forms would appear so scarcely in the training data, that it would be hardly possible to learn anything useful about them. Also, defining what a word becomes tricky when you need a formal definition. In many languages, splitting text into words is not a simple task at all. It is not only Chinese that does use spaces between words, but similar issues can also appear with long German compounds or in agglutinative languages (like Finnish or Turkish) where one word can correspond to an entire phrase in languages like English.
Let's take a sentence (from WMT13 test data):
However, the Brennan Centre considers this a myth, stating that electoral
fraud is rarer in the United States than the number of people killed by
lightning.
This is how an English a word-segmented sentence would like as an input to a word-based translator. Punctuation is processed separately from the words, and word Brennan ended up out of 40k vocabulary.
However , the <unk> Centre considers this a myth , stating that electoral
lightning .
Character-level modeling can potentially solve these issues, but it has its own problems. Word level models can store a lot of information about the word usage in the embedding matrix. How a word is used has usually little to do with how it is spelled. Therefore, in character-level models, this information cannot be stored in the embeddings and must be resolved in the later layers that combine the characters together. In some sense, we are forcing the network to learn much more complicated functions of the input than in word-level models. In word-level models, many "irregularities" can be stored in the embeddings. In character-level models, everything needs to be resolved in the later hidden layers. Moreover, character sequences are much longer than word sequences which makes the character-level models slower.
H o w e v e r , ▁ t h e ▁ B r e n n a n ▁ C e n t r e ▁ c o n s i d e r s ▁ t h
i s ▁ a ▁ m y t h , ▁ s t a t i n g ▁ t h a t ▁ e l e c t o r a l ▁ f r a u d ▁
i s ▁ r a r e r ▁ i n ▁ t h e ▁ U n i t e d ▁ S t a t e s ▁ t h a n ▁ t h e ▁ n
u m b e r ▁ o f ▁ p e o p l e ▁ k i l l e d ▁ b y ▁ l i g h t n i n g .
The state-of-the-art models use a segmentation into so-called sub-word units. When using the sub-words, frequent words (which are also those which are the most irregularly used) are kept in the vocabulary intact, less frequent words get split into smaller segments which can go down to separate characters. The least frequent words which get split into characters are often names which are not usually translated anyway, so the segmentation allows easy copying or transliteration which would be difficult to learn on the word-level. The problem of the sub-words is that it is precomputed using some heuristic statistics that are totally unrelated to the translation model. It is not clear if the segmentation suits the model the best.
Sub-word segmented sentence can look like this. The @@ sign serves as an indicator that the sub-word should be connected to the following one.
However , the Brenn@@ an Centre considers this a my@@ th , stating that
electoral fraud is r@@ ar@@ er in the United States than the number of people
killed by ligh@@ tn@@ ing .
The paper I would like to discuss today presents an alternative way of how to treat the input and output. The text is still split into words, but the words are processed separately on the character level. It is pretty straightforward on the encoder side. Characters of every word are processed with a "small" recurrent network and the output of this "small" encoder is fed in the "large" encoder, in the same way as word embeddings usually are.
The tricky part is the decoder. In each step, the decoder receives the embedding of the previous words (or a different unit) and based on that word and the previous ones, it is supposed to predict what word will follow. For the previous word, we can do the same thing as in the case of the encoder. Now, we have the decoder state and instead of a single symbol, we are supposed to generate a sequence of characters. How can we do that? It is surprisingly easy—we can run a "small" recurrent decoder that will generate the word character by character. And this is the whole idea of the paper. The authors illustrated that on a (sad and gray) picture on page 3 of the paper:
The results in terms of translation quality are decent. Long story short: if you use recurrent networks, it does not really matter if you used sub-word units or this hybrid approach. For languages with rich inflection, it seems to perform better than subwords and sometimes better than characters. Unfortunately, the authors do not show how this idea would with the Transformer model, which is the architecture that currently delivers the best translation quality. The reason might be that unlike recurrent networks, training a character-level Transformer is not an easy task at all, although I believe that it would work well in this hybrid setup.
They also evaluated their German model using Morpheval, a dataset that consists of small test sets targeted on specific morphological phenomena. (I am glad that someone finally reports more than just plain BLEU scores.) The hierarchical model does a surprisingly good job in capturing agreement in morphological categories (especially grammatical gender).
To my surprise, it is much worse than subword-based models for translation of German compounds (Rechtsschutzversicherungsgesellschaften!) than sub-word models. This, in my opinion, shows that the flaw is in the tokenization rather than in the modeling part. Maybe it got better if we used the hierarchical model on the sub-words that apparently can split the compounds in a meaningful way. Or, of course, it would be best if we could learn the segmentation end-to-end with the translation model. I believe this architecture is an important step in this direction (although I am not sure if this is what the authors of the paper think as well).
@misc{ataman2019importance,
title={On the Importance of Word Boundaries in Character-level Neural Machine Translation},
author={Duygu Ataman and Orhan Firat and Mattia A. Di Gangi and Marcello Federico and Alexandra Birch},
eprint={1910.06753},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
@misc{libovicky2019blog1023, author = "Jindřich Libovický", title = "Jindřich's Blog -- Machine Translation Weekly 16: Hybrid character-level and word-level machine translation", year = "2019", month = oct, url = "https://jlibovicky.github.io/2019/10/23/MT-Weekly-Character-Word-Level-MT", note = "Online, Accessed: 26.01. 2023" }


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The LIRR train station at Farmingdale is probably the closest station to Melville, fare is $8 peak/$5.75 off peak, then take local transportation from Farmingdale to Melville. Take AirTrain ($5) on track 1 from terminal to Jamaica Station for LIRR.
I need to get from JFK Airport to JFK Boulevard in Jersey City. Are there any buses or trains that go there? (I don't have much money, so car services are not an option) How long is the ride? Thanks!
Subway/PATH train: take AirTrain from terminal on track 1 to Jamaica Station, transfer to inbound E subway then transfer to the inbound F subway at any station between Briarwood and Jackson Hgts. Take the F to 34th St, walk one block south on 6th Ave to the PATH station at 33rd St (there may be a direct underground connection to PATH from the 34th St F station). Take the PATH Yellow Line to Journal Square-Jersey City. You can purchase a pay-per-ride Metrocard for any amount when you exit AirTrain at Jamaica to pay for AirTrain ($5), subway ($2.25) and PATH ($1.75) fares.
I will be arriving on thursday 5 am at kennedy airport and will go to albert einstein medical school at Bronx. What is the best way to go without using taxi?
AirTrain/subway/bus: take AirTrain from terminal on track 1 to Jamaica Station, transfer to E subway to Lexington/53rd, tranfer to the uptown #6 subway to Westchester Square/E Tremont Ave, transfer to the Bx21 bus to the hospital complex.
What is the most economical way to go from JFK into West 126st. Harlem? (I'm arriving at approximately 11 PM) Thanks.
The A subway stops at W 125th St/St Nicholas Ave, the #2 or #3 subway stops at W 125th St/Lenox Ave. Take AirTrain ($5) on track 1 from terminal to Howard Beach Station, transfer to the A subway ($2.25) to 125th St. For the #2 or #3 transfer at 59th St.
Hi, is there a public bus going from JFK to Newark?
we are two people arriving at JFK on 13 July in the early morning. How is the best way to get to Harford, Connecticut?
Go to your terminals Ground Transportation Desk and inquire about Connecticut Limo service. They are no that bad and not too expensive.
I will be flying into JFK 5:00 PM on August 3. I will have my family with me, 6 large suitcases and 3 carry on suitcases. Is it possible to get through the airport and still get a bus that evening? The bus will need to take us somewhere in the Philly Suburbs (Allentown or Quakertown would be ideal) and allow all of our luggage. Please give me the contact info. of a company that handles this. Please give a number that is NOT 1-800 since we can't call those numbers from overseas.New Century Travel Bus service seems to handle this but we don't have a non '800' # for them.
New Century's NY area # is (212)-966-5688, they depart from 86 Allen St, between Delancey and Grand. It's accessible by subway but you may want to take a taxi with all that luggage. But heads up, New Century may be temporarily shut down due to a rash of accidents so you may want to think about an alternate bus carrier. Megabus departs from 9th Ave/31st St one block from Penn Station and stops in Philly at 30th St. Station. Hourly departures at :40 past the hour until 9:40pm, around $10 per person or less depending on time of departure. They only have a toll free # but you can check them out and book online at us.megabus.com.


This little cutie can easily become your wardrobe go-to! Everyone needs a few of these! These bandeau tops are so versatile they can be a top or they can be used for layering. If you don't prefer the length of a cami, or tucking things in, then you NEED a bandeau! Wear them with dresses or tops that have a plunging neckline. It fits right over your bra! Bandeaus are also great for see through and open back tops that are in this season. These are a fun way to spice up any outfit!


pet dog food extruder production line use corn flour, single screw extruder machine,de-fat soybean meal,meat powder, fish powder etc as raw materials for production. "Low cost, high profits" is the suitable generalization of snack foods business, especially for puff snack foods production.Our snacks machines was manufactured based on international advanced technology and our abundant experience. With the high quality, exquisite craft, good after sale service and steady performance, our machines are salable in the world.
pet dog food extruder production line machinePacked by standard Fumigation wooden case outside and wrapped by plastic film inside then shipped by container,which is suitable for long time sea shippment.


Over the last two years Michael and I have met the Yorkshire artist and author Richard Bell and his wife at his local bookshop in Horbury but recently he came and visited us and did the most wonderful drawing of Fannie.
We are so pleased and honoured that he drew her. Do visit his website and I can heartily recommend his books, especially the newly published Rough Patch, which is just wonderful - but here is the link into Fannie and then you can work your way back to see his books and drawings.


On December 21, 2017, 10th-grade students presented their Think-Tank Challenge proposals to an audience of judges at the NYC Google office. The challenge engaged students in creating innovative projects and curriculum to be shared with peers and others. To see a sample of the student presentations, click here.


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La Guerra Chiquita o Pequeña Guerra de Hungría (alemán: Kleinkrieg) es un nombre dado a una serie de conflictos entre los Habsburgo y sus aliados y el Imperio Otomano entre 1529 (tras el asedio de Viena) y 1552 (el fin del asedio de Eger). Ambos lados sufrieron muchas bajas durante la guerra con el resultado de que las campañas en Hungría no cesarían hasta 1566. Si bien en general, los otomanos tenían la sartén por el mango, la guerra no produjo ningún resultado decisivo. El ejército otomano se mantuvo muy potente en el campo abierto, pero a menudo se perdía una cantidad significativa de tiempo asediando las muchas fortalezas de la frontera húngara y sus líneas de comunicación eran peligrosamente amenazadas. Al final de la pequeña guerra, el empuje de Turquía en Europa central efectivamente había sido detenido, pero las fuerzas de los Habsburgo habían fracasado en todos sus intentos por recuperar la totalidad de Hungría.

1530
Siguiendo al fallido asedio de Viena de Suleiman en 1529, Fernando pone en marcha un contraataque en 1530 para recuperar la iniciativa y vengar la destrucción traída por los 120.000 hombres del ejército de Suleiman.

La respuesta de Suleiman llegó en 1532 cuando lideró un ejército masivo de más de 120.000 hombres para sitiar Viena de nuevo. Fernando retiró a su ejército, dejando sólo 700 hombres sin cañones y algunas armas para defender Guns (Kőszeg). Durante el sitio de esta plaza, el Gran Visir de los otomanos, Ibrahim Pasha, no se dio cuenta de lo mal defendida que estaba Koszeg; de hecho Constantinopla en 1453 había estado mejor defendida. Sin embargo, bajo la dirección del capitán croata Nikola Jurišić, la ciudad luchó contra cada asalto. El resultado exacto de la batalla se desconoce, ya que cuenta con dos versiones que difieren en función de la fuente. En la primera versión Nikola Jurišić rechazó la oferta de rendirse en condiciones favorables, y en la segunda versión, la ciudad fue ofrecida en términos de una rendición nominal. En cualquier caso, los otomanos se retiraron a la llegada de las lluvias de agosto. Durante su retirada, sufrieron una derrota en la batalla de Leobersdorf contra un ejército imperial dirigido por Federico II, elector palatino.

El Tratado de Constantinopla (1533) fue firmado entre Fernando y Suleiman. Juan Szapolyai fue reconocido como rey de Hungría como un vasallo otomano. Sin embargo, los otomanos reconocieron la tierra bajo dominio de los Habsburgo en Hungría.

Este tratado no satisfizo a Juan Szapolyai o Fernando cuyos ejércitos comenzaron a lanzar escaramuzas a lo largo de las fronteras. Fernando decidió dar un golpe decisivo en 1537 enviando a sus generales más capaces para tomar Osijek, violando el tratado. El asedio fallo y condujo a la Batalla de Gorjani, que fue un desastre de magnitud similar a la de Mohács cuando un ejército de socorro otomano rompió la resistencia de los austriacos.

Sin embargo, en lugar de atacar nuevamente Viena, Suleiman envió un ejército de 8000 hombres de caballería para atacar Otranto en el sur de Italia el mismo año. Las tropas se retiraron de Italia después de que la invasión francesa diseñada para coordinar con los esfuerzos otomanos no se materializara. Sin embargo, la victoria otomana en la Batalla de Preveza en 1538 dio a la coalición liderada por los Habsburgo otra derrota.

1540
En 1541, los otomanos intentaron tomar la fortaleza de Szigetvár. Sin embargo, una derrota humillante fue infligida a los Habsburgo en el asedio de Buda (1541). Juan Szapolyai había muerto en 1540 y su hijo era un bebe de pocas semanas de edad. Un ataque austriaco sobre Buda siguió a la noticia de la muerte de Juan, pero las apelaciones de la viuda de Juan a Suleiman no se quedaron sin respuesta y en 1541 el anciano general Rogendorf fue derrotado fuera de Buda, antes de que pudiera cruzar el Danubio y tomarlo. Al año siguiente Fernando sitio Pest, pero fue rechazado.

En abril de 1543 Suleiman lanzó otra campaña en Hungría, conquistando nuevamente Bran y otros fuertes por lo que gran parte de Hungría estaba bajo control otomano. Como parte de una alianza franco-otomana (véase también: alianza franco-húngara y Petar Keglevic), tropas francesas fueron enviadas para suministrar a los otomanos en Hungría: una unidad de artillería francesa fue enviada en 1543/44 y se unió al ejército otomano. En agosto de 1543, los otomanos tienen éxito en el cerco de Esztergom. El asedio sería seguido por la toma de la ciudad húngara de Szekesfehervar, en septiembre de 1543. Otras ciudades capturadas durante esta campaña son Siklós y Szeged con el fin de proteger mejor a Buda. Sin embargo, el retraso continuo de la presión hacia el oeste, debido al asedio de estas fortalezas, significó que los otomanos no pudieran lanzar cualquier nueva ofensiva contra Austria.

Desde 1548 hasta el final de la guerra, un tercio de infantería española que había luchado en la Guerra de Esmalcalda, dirigido por el maestre de campo Bernardo de Aldana, fue enviado a Hungría para luchar contra los partidarios de Juan Zapolya en nombre de Fernando. En realidad, el Sacro Emperador Romano Carlos V envió tropas españolas para ayudar a su hermano regularmente desde 1527 hasta 1553, un apoyo que resultó decisivo en Hungría.

1550

Un acuerdo de paz duró entre los Habsburgo y los otomanos hasta 1552, cuando Suleiman decidió atacar Eger. El asedio de Eger fue inútil; sus habitantes atribuyen la victoria al flujo constante de "sangre de toro" (vino) suministrada a ellos por las mujeres. En 1556, los turcos, una vez más trataron de tomar Szigetvár, pero tuvieron que retirarse cuando vieron un ejército de socorro austriaco avanzando hacia la ciudad.

Consecuencias
En 1566 Suleiman lanzó un ataque más sobre Hungría creyendo que una victoria podría darle la felicidad que necesitaba en su vejez. Era demasiado viejo para hacer campaña y, a pesar de que murió durante la batalla de Szigetvár, su campaña fue un éxito en la toma de la fortaleza. Sin embargo, el asedio fue largo y difícil lo suficiente como para romper el impulso de la ofensiva otomana.

Historia moderna de Hungría
Historia de Transilvania
Hungría en el siglo XVI
Guerras de Hungría
Guerras del siglo XVI
Guerras del Imperio otomano del siglo XVI
Conflictos en los años 1530
Conflictos en los años 1540
Conflictos en los años 1550
Años 1530 en el Imperio otomano
Años 1540 en el Imperio otomano
Conflictos en 1530
Conflictos en 1552

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Last weekend was the weekend for pop culture festivals.
San Diego, USA hosted the massive Comic-Con convention and, at the same time, Adelaide, Australia had its own annual AVCon festival.
none of the offspring at home.
The house is empty; no need to watch the clock.
to participate in this year's event.
Shall I be an exhibitor again or offer a workshop?


What better way to celebrate fall than with some mini decorative Indian corn. Mini Indian corn is a natural product. There are no two exactly alike and they are all beautiful. Make sure you have some for Halloween, Thanksgiving and anyplace you need a little more color or variety in a arrangement. These mini Indian corn heads are perfect table decorations for your decorative table. Also check out our Large Indian Corn.
Also Available: Grade B Indian Corn - Most corn is 2-5 inches long. This is corn with missing kernels and not up to our high product Grade A standards. Great for seeds, projects that don't require all the kernels in the cobs.
Grade C Indian Corn - Most corn is 2-5 inches long. Most corn will have at least 15 missing kernels. Great for seeds, bird feeders, or projects that do not require the husk or all the kernels in the cobs.
The mini corns were a hit at my Thanksgiving table this year. Glad I saw them on the Today Show. Thank you. The delivery time was great!
Loved the mini-corn! Looks great on my harvest table. would order it again!
Absolutely loved the baby Indian corn! So cute and flexible with many projects! Will be ordering again. Loved my product, just took a little long to get to me.
good variety of sizes. almost all kernels in tact. some missing but that's to be expected. was very pleased with the fast shipping and packaging. my new go to place for natural decorations.
I needed some dried Indian corn for a home school experiment and was so happy to find someone who was carrying it in April! It is exactly what I needed.
Corn was of good quality, but I received many VERY small ears of corn. Half the size of the ones shown in the pictures. But since I use them in potpourri, I will buy from here again, as again, they were of good quality. Order shipped very fast and I received the order quickly. I will be back again soon!
Some of the corn cobs were in great shape and others were pretty sad (kernals missing, not much covering so couldn't use them for the craft) I ordered 3 dozen and received only 23. I immediately called and was told the rest would be sent out. As I needed them within a week, they were to be shipped quickly. I received them in time and found the quality of this second shipment better than the first.


Both softball and baseball are in action Friday night. For softball that means a trip to Independence to play the Knights, while baseball takes on Lone Star.
After a loss to Lone Star Tuesday night, baseball is set to take the field alongside the Rangers once more on Friday at 7:30 p.m. at Lone Star.
With the playoffs out of the picture, softball is focusing on adding a fourth win to its 3-12 district record Friday against the Independence Knights at Independence.


The household appliance industry is driven by consumer income and home sales. Appliance manufacturers must innovate quickly, while also complying with a variety of regulations in order to compete successfully in the global marketplace.
Appliance manufacturers must have efficient operations for profitability. Automation technologies can also improve product quality and profit margins.
We help manufacturers comply with a variety of standards, including CPSC, EPA, ISO, UL, and energy efficiency guidelines such as Energy Star, CEC, and DOE.
From the R&D lab; to production; and distribution we offer a full range of solutions to help you introduce industry-leading products to market rapidly while still achieving regulatory compliance.
Interested in seeing what J.A. King can do for your operation? Contact Amanda Weiner, Industry Business Manager, to learn more about our solutions for the appliance industry.


Waproo antimicrobial, dual layer foam insole has been specially developed to be used as an advanced odour destroying comfort insole and fitting aid.
Wear fabric side next to foot. Can be trimmed for a perfect fit.


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Tag: 爱上海PP
Vermont Civil Rights Panel appointed
The US Commission on Civil Rights has appointed 15 people to its Vermont State Advisory Committee.Kim Tolhurst, designated the authority of the staff director of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, announced the appointment of â ¢Francine T. Bazluke of Essex Junction, John H. Bloomer of Wallingford, Luther M. Brown of Rutland, Ellen Mercer Fallon of Middlebury, Leslie Ann Holman of Burlington, Terrance D. Martin of Brattleboro, Marion C. Milne of West Topsham, Cheryl W. Mitchell of New Haven, Tara O'Brien of Brattleboro, Eric D. Sakai of Randolph, Stephanie L. Sidortsova of Westford, Diane B. Snelling of Hinesburg, Tracey H. Tsugawa of Williston, and Stewart R. Wood of Quechee. The Commission appointed Diane Snelling as Chair. The appointments are for two years.Congress has directed the Commission to establish advisory committees in all states and the District of Columbia to assist in its fact-finding function. These committees receive reports, suggestions, and recommendations from individuals, public and private organizations, and public officials, and forward advice and recommendations to the Commission. Members of State Advisory Committees serve without compensation, conduct civil rights reviews and investigations, and report to the Commission.### read more
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As L.A. falls, Phoenix rises
"Nothing slipped away when you lose a game like that," Lakers coach Phil Jackson said. "They played a 48-minute game and we played a 36-minute game." Bryant scored 28 of his game-high 39 points in the first half, but missed nine of 10 shots in the fourth quarter. The Lakers scored only 10 points in the final period and shot 19 percent from the field. The Suns, emboldened by a third-quarter offensive turnaround, came into the final period trailing by three but then dominated all facets of the game. The Suns scored only 21points in the fourth quarter but got the job done by harassing Bryant on every possession and getting back to their run-and-gun offensive roots. "Tempo, tempo, tempo," Lakers forward Lamar Odom said. "We can't play at their tempo. We won't get any good looks offensively and we had the ball shoved down our throats. It was like a football game where you see a team run it and run it and run it until they score, and that's what they did." Leandro Barbosa, who scored 26 points off the bench to lead the Suns, scored the first five points of the fourth quarter to give Phoenix a 79-77 lead, the Suns' first lead since midway through the first period. The Suns wouldn't trail again. The Lakers missed 13 of their first 15 shots in the fourth quarter and had their fate sealed when Bryant missed a 3-pointer with the Lakers trailing 93-87 in the final minute. Kwame Brown, expected to be a big factor in the series, didn't fare well. Brown had fourpoints and seven rebounds in 27 minutes while Suns center Amare Stoudemire had 23points and 12 rebounds. Odom totaled 17 points and 16 rebounds, but no other Laker had more points than Luke Walton's 10. "We were a lot more determined and focused, I think, in the first half," Walton said. "I don't know what it was (in the second half) but we just kept letting them run the ball out and offensively, our missed shots gave them a chance to run. We're confident that we can play with these guys and get wins, but if we play like we did in the second half, it's not going to happen." As poorly as the second half went for the Lakers, the first two quarters couldn't have been better. The Lakers kept the Suns' offense in control and led 23-18 after one quarter. Bryant scored the Lakers' final 15 points of the first half and did all the damage in an 11-2 run that gave the Lakers a 48-39 lead at the break. Then the third quarter began. The Lakers kept the lead – and built it to 12 points on Brown's layup three minutes into the period – but the comeback seeds had already been planted by the Suns, who got the Lakers to play the type of up-tempo style that carried the Suns to 61 regular-season victories. Barbosa scored 10 of his team-high 26 points in the third quarter, including a 31-foot 3-pointer at the buzzer to pull the Suns within three points heading into the final period. The Suns, who totaled just 39 points in the first half, outscored the Lakers 35-29 in the third quarter. Gone were the stagnant Suns, the ones who never found a rhythm in the first half. Also gone by the fourth quarter, at least figuratively, was Bryant, who disputed Jackson's assertion that he ran out of gas. "I was fine," Bryant said. "We didn't execute like we did in that first half. So, as a consequence, my touches became a lot harder. When they were doubling and tripling me in the first half we did a good job of picking off the ball and I was able to catch it and operate. In the second half, we got away from that." They also got away from their plan of making Steve Nash score, rather than set up teammates. It worked well in the first quarter as Nash had only one assist, but Nash finished with 20points and 10 assists. "I don't know what you can attribute the offensive struggles to," Nash said, "but that's something I don't think will be a factor very long. … We need to give (the Lakers) credit, because they played with a lot of energy, but it was good the way we were mentally, hung in there and relied on our defense." The Lakers have now lost four consecutive playoff games, all to the Suns. rich.hammond@dailynews.com (818) 713-3611160Want local news?Sign up for the Localist and stay informed Something went wrong. Please try again.subscribeCongratulations! You're all set! PHOENIX – The only thing more shocking than the collapse was what preceded it. After a season of strife, sixmonths of bickering and limping, poor defending and losing, the Lakers put it all together in the first half Sunday afternoon and put themselves within reach of a stunning victory. But then the Phoenix Suns – at least the version of them that is widely recognized – took the court. Suddenly, instead of a sputtering half-court offense, the Suns ran the floor with confidence, just when Kobe Bryant ran out of gas. The Lakers, expected to be a footnote to the Suns' championship run, put up a fight but faded in a 95-87 loss in Game 1 of the first-round series in front of 18,422 at US Airways Center. read more
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Home / World News / Do Home Covid Tests Expire?
Do Home Covid Tests Expire?
brandsauthority April 5, 2022 World News Leave a comment 45 Views
Q: Do home Covid tests really expire? I ordered what I was allowed. Now I see they have expiration dates. Some have already expired. What to do? Keep and use, or throw them out?
It's true that home Covid-19 tests are marked with expiration dates, but the actual expiration for a box of tests can be a moving target. Before throwing away a home test because you think it may have expired, do a little homework first.
Depending on which home test you buy, or receive for free from the government, you might see a range of expiration windows. One test might expire in six months, another in nine months, 11 months or even 15 months. The tests all use similar technology to detect antigens (pieces of viral proteins) from a swab sample — so why do the expiration dates stamped on the boxes vary so widely?
The answer has to do with the quirks of the regulatory process rather than any meaningful differences in the stability of the various tests, said Dr. Michael Mina, a well-known expert in home-test technology and chief science officer for eMed, a company that helps rapid test users get treatment from home.
When it comes to determining shelf life for any product it regulates, the Food and Drug Administration may allow a fast method or require a slower one. For some products, the agency will allow a manufacturer to rapidly simulate conditions — a process called "accelerated dating" — to show how long the item will last sitting in your medicine cabinet, said Mara Aspinall, an expert in biomedical diagnostics at Arizona State University who is also on the board of OraSure, which makes rapid Covid tests. This quick process can allow the manufacturer to determine in a matter of weeks whether a product has a shelf life of a few months or as long as a few years.
But in the case of the rapid home tests, the F.D.A. has asked for real-time data from manufacturers, which is a much longer process. Will a test that sits on the shelf still work after nine months? Twelve months? The only way to find out is to wait for the months to pass so the test makers can conduct stability studies to prove the tests still work over time.
As a result of this requirement, a home test might have a six-month expiration when it's first authorized, but as more time passes the test maker collects more data and seeks an extension to the original shelf-life date. That means you might have a test at home that's passed its expiration date, but if you call the company or dig through the F.D.A. authorization letters, you'll find it has changed.
April 5, 2022, 7:35 a.m. ET
"When the test is new, it has a six-month expiration," Dr. Mina said. "But once you get to six months, the F.D.A. may extend it. That's been happening a lot, which is exceedingly confusing."
What should you do with a home test that has expired?
Tests should be marked with a manufacturing date and an expiration date. An F.D.A. spokesman said that anyone with a question about an expiration date could go online to view the various regulatory documents that extend a test's shelf life. Then, you can do the math based on your test's manufacturing date. For instance, in January, the F.D.A. extended the shelf life of the BinaxNOW test to 15 months, from 12 months, so many people can just add another three months to the expiration listed on their box. But sorting through F.D.A. authorization documents is a tedious and confusing process.
Health experts don't want to advise consumers to use expired tests — but they don't want you to throw away a perfectly good (and expensive) test either.
"Many people now have a small inventory of tests at home," Ms. Aspinall said. "It would be a pity if somebody has symptoms, but they don't use a test because it's a few days out of date. If a test is days out of date, it's highly likely it's still effective. If it's months out of date, it's very important to check the website to see if the date was extended."
A more practical approach is to make sure that your home test has been well cared for. Keep it at room temperature in dry conditions; don't let it freeze or become exposed to heat, which can interfere with the accuracy of the test. If you're planning to order more free government tests, do so now before the summer weather arrives so they're not sitting for hours in a hot mail truck.
When you shop for a home test, check expiration dates in the store and find one that doesn't expire for a while — just like you would do if you were buying milk. Pay attention to the expiration dates on the kits you have at home, and use the tests that expire sooner first.
And whether you're using a new test or one that is a little past its expiration date, follow the instructions carefully — and make sure the control line shows up quickly, which is an indicator that the test is still working.
"The reality is that these tests are very, very stable," Dr. Mina said. "My expectation is that most of them, if not all of them, eventually will have a two-year expiration date at least. If the control line is showing up and it's within 18 to 24 months of the manufacture date, you should assume the test is working."
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HomeEntertainmentAnother big achievement for Rajamouli's RRR, Alia Bhatt's Gangubai Kathiawadi out of...
Another big achievement for Rajamouli's RRR, Alia Bhatt's Gangubai Kathiawadi out of BAFTA race
New Delhi. The film of the consistent director Rajamouli is registering huge achievements. Recently we saw that Rajamouli has received the Best Director Award from the New York Critics Circle. Apart from this, Hollywood magazine Variety has also expressed the possibility of Oscar for RRR film. RRR film has also been included in the Golden Globe Award. Apart from this, there is another good news that Rajamouli's film RRR has also been included in the list of BAFTA 2023. On the other hand, Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Alia Bhatt's film Gangubai Kathiawadi has been dropped from the list of BAFTA 2023. Here we are going to talk about this.
Everyone waits for the British Academy Film Awards ie BAFTA every year. It is a matter of pride for any film which wins BAFTA or gets nominated in it. In such a situation, BAFTA has released the list for the year 2023 as well. Which has placed Indian film RRR in BAFTA's longlist, RRR film in non-English film category.
Very happy to share that RRR is in the LONGLIST of #Bafta FILM AWARDS.
Thank you everyone. #RRRMovie @BAFTA pic.twitter.com/smU8l7OzF0
— RRR Movie (@RRRMovie) January 6, 2023
RRR film has already achieved immense success, while now getting selected in BAFTA is a matter of honor for RRR film and its makers. Apart from this, Alia Bhatt's film Gangubai Kathiawadi has been shown the way out of BAFTA. Alia Bhatt's film Gangubai Kathiawadi was sent to the list of BAFTA 2023 in several categories like Best Director, Best Film, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Leading Actress.
BAFTA 2023: RRR nominated for BAFTA, Alia Bhatt's 'Gangubai Kathiawadi' did not find place in the list
— MAT NEWS (@MATNEWS4) January 7, 2023
Director Sanjay Leela Bhansali also appeared at several BAFTA functions, where he interacted with several young filmmakers and participated in a Q&A session. Bhansali has previously been nominated for a BAFTA in 2003 for his film Devdas. But this time in the BAFTA list of 2023, Alia Bhatt and Sanjay Leela Bhansali's film Gangubai Kathiawadi has been dropped from the BAFTA 2023 list.
On the other hand, Rajamouli's directorial debut and Junior NTR and Ramcharan's film RRR has been included in the BAFTA 2023 longlist category. Now let's see whether RRR gets any major achievement in this list of BAFTA.


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Now that the busy holiday season is over, we've been reflecting on our fondest memories of the past year and thought of a few predictions for the upcoming one. None of our successes in 2017 would have been possible without our incredible employees who work hard each and every day to deliver outstanding customer experiences. We're looking forward to all that 2018 has to bring for Continental Title, our families, and our friends.
Check out the memories and predictions CTC employees shared with us!


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Home > Insights > Mesothelioma asbestos compensation for cable engineer's widow
Client Story - Industrial Disease Claims - POSTED: November 11 2016
Mesothelioma asbestos compensation for cable engineer's widow
We first met Michael and his wife Susan fourteen months after his mesothelioma diagnosis at our Medway asbestos compensation clinic. They were a lovely couple in their sixties, striving to keep a positive outlook despite Michael's fatal mesothelioma.
Michael's claim
Michael from Rainham/Gillingham, Medway, Kent had been diagnosed with mesothelioma due to asbestos exposure at Medway Hospital. We first met Michael and his wife Susan fourteen months after his mesothelioma diagnosis at our Medway asbestos compensation clinic. They were a lovely couple in their sixties, striving to keep a positive outlook despite Michael's fatal mesothelioma. He still had no idea where he had been exposed to asbestos.
We obtained Michael's full account of his 50 year working history and possible contact with asbestos leading to mesothelioma. We narrowed down his most likely source of asbestos exposure to when working as a cable install engineer in Medway council housing. However, Michael had no specific recollection of asbestos exposure. We encouraged Michael and Susan to check through their phone book and think of any old workmates who might recall asbestos exposure he had forgotten. He eventually identified Harry with whom Michael had worked for Radio Rentals in the 1960s in Medway. We obtained a full statement from him. He recalled two incidents in Medway where they had been exposed to asbestos dust from lagging made up by laggers working next to them in a basement where they were installing cabling. Michael recalled working in those Medway basements but not the asbestos exposures.
Radio Rentals had long gone but we traced their employer liability insurers. We met with Michael and Susan at their beautifully renovated Medway home (Michael had still been completing renovations when he developed mesothelioma). We advised Michael that if he deferred final settlement of his mesothelioma compensation claim for Susan to conclude after he died the claim would be worth significantly more. Sadly Michael's health was now declining rapidly due to progressive mesothelioma.
In the November we sent the insurers a letter of claim supported by witness statements, a preliminary schedule of losses and medical records. We instructed a chest consultant to examine Michael at home. A further decline in Michael's mesothelioma prevented any examination and sadly he died two weeks before Christmas.
Following the Inquest and funeral when Susan felt ready for it, we met with her at home with her son Andrew and obtained instructions to continue the compensation claim, including her account of Michael's final weeks of his mesothelioma, resulting care needs and Susan's loss of dependency. This was an unavoidably painful task for Susan but sadly a necessary one which we tried to deal with as sympathetically as possible.
Updated records were requested. We notified the insurers of the estate's compensation claim in March. Within 5 weeks we had secured their admission and an interim compensation payment of £50,000.
After the records were received a supporting "desktop" medical report was obtained confirming death through mesothelioma from asbestos. We then met Susan and her son Andrew again at her home to obtain instructions and documents for the claim's final schedule of losses, pleaded at nearly £350,000.
The medical evidence, schedule and documents were served in July and a compensation offer invited. After chasing a month later the insurers made an offer of £250,000.
Our advice was that Michael's mesothelioma claim should be worth at least £300,000. Negotiations with the insurers led to their "final" compensation offer of £295,000. Susan was keen to simply accept. Respecting her wishes but determined to get a more appropriate settlement, on our advice she made her own "final" compensation offer of £300,000. This was made and accepted by the insurers on the same day, 4 weeks after their initial offer. As a mesothelioma client, Susan kept 100% of the compensation. Susan's acting lawyer Jeremy commented: "Susan and Michael were a lovely couple and Michael's life was cruelly taken early by the dreadful and preventable disease of mesothelioma. Of course, no amount of money could bring Michael back, but I was very pleased to see that justice was done to honour Michael and reflect what he'd suffered and make sure that Susan was properly provided for."
Susan:
It was a pleasure to work with Jeremy. He gave us the strength to pursue this matter. He is the ultimate professional and his friendly & sympathetic manner encouraged us every step of the way. Everything was explained clearly with a very professional but friendly approach- this was very important to us as a family.
Andrew, Susan & Michael's son:
There's doing your job and then there's people like Jeremy who has done so much more than tick boxes and file paperwork. It's not hard to see why Dad put his trust in him to fight his corner. A refreshing change for a legal matter to be something more than red tape, a faceless entity, and a large bill. The personal touch made all the difference and I'm sure Dad would be satisfied with the outcome. Its been difficult process at times, but I'm glad we had someone like Jeremy on our side.
A few weeks after the settlement Susan turned up at one of our asbestos compensation clinics just to give Jeremy a big hug to say thank you!
This mesothelioma compensation claim was dealt with by Jeremy Horton, a Solicitor and Partner in the firm, specialising in mesothelioma and other asbestos compensation claims in Kent, Medway, Essex & beyond. Jeremy is passionate about helping asbestos disease victims and their families achieve fair compensation as quickly as possible. He is the only APIL Accredited Occupational and Asbestos Disease Specialist solicitor in Kent, Medway, Essex, Surrey or Sussex. Jeremy can be contacted on 01622 680415 or at JeremyHorton@brachers.co.uk.
Take a look at our Industrial Disease Claims page for useful information, resources, guidance, details of our team and how we may be able to help you
Jeremy Horton
60 seconds with… Jeremy Horton
Six questions in 60 seconds
Brachers settles mesothelioma case for six-figure sum
Asbestos: a history of the 'magic mineral'
94% of London hospitals contain asbestos


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Welcome to sunny Florida es el primer DVD de la cantante y compositora Tori Amos. Fue publicado el 18 de mayo de 2004 en la compañía Sony music. Contiene una grabación en directo de uno de sus conciertos de su gira del 2002 Scarlet's walk, promocionando el álbum que lleva el mismo título. Fue grabado en directo en el Sound Advice Amphiteatre en West Palm Beach, Florida. El DVD también contiene fotografías y material exclusivo incluyendo una larga entrevista con Tori Amos y su madre, Mary. El título es una referencia sarcástica al hecho de que el 4 de septiembre de 2002 — el día de la grabación — hubo una tormenta.

Acompañando al DVD hay un EP llamado Scarlet's hidden treasures, que contiene seis canciones no incluidas en el álbum Scarlet's walk. El DVD/CD fue publicado en una caja simple de CD doble, y en una caja de DVD especial.

Se formó alguna controversia cuando las palabras «fucker» y «cock» fueron censuradas de las grabaciones en directo en la canción «Professional widow». Amos, que es una ávida anticensorista, explicó en una entrevista que sentía que era importante hacer llegar el produto a todo el mundo, y para ello era necesario quitarle la advertencia de «malas palabras» a la portada del CD. De esa manera podría hacer llegar su visión política y otras ideas que expone en sus canciones.

Aunque no se menciona en el disco, ni en la lista de temas, Tori Amos canta las primeras cuatro líneas de «Muhammad my friend» como enlace hacia «Take to the sky».

El trabajo alcanzó el número #1 en el Music Videos and DVD Chart, y el #2 en el equivalente en Estados Unidos. caificándose como un éxito comercial.

Lista de temas

DVD

Extras

Canciones del DVD sin video

CD: Scarlet's hidden treasures

Enlaces externos

Álbumes en vivo de 2004


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Science and Theological Education: Reports from the Field
by Scott C. Alexander, Catholic Theologican Union, editor
Although not trained as a "theologian," for years I've written and taught about theology. I've done this primarily as a student of Islamic history and societies, and I have committed to communicating to my own students some of the intricate subtleties and deep wisdom of the medieval kalām tradition (dialectical or "scholastic" theology)—the intellectual stock-and-trade of such famous practitioners as al-Ghazali, Maimonides, and Aquinas.
White Supremacy and the Humanities: A Challenge to the University
by Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, Pamela Klassen, and Steven M. Wasserstrom
There are lives at stake in how we teach about cultures. And our jobs are getting harder.
On March 15, an armed white nationalist went into mosques in Aoteoroa New Zealand as congregational prayers began, and he killed as many people as he could. In his manifesto, the gunman explained that he killed these people because they looked to him like "invaders." To be clear, on the evidence of his extensive "manifesto," this murderer did not kill because he hated Islam. His concerns, as he described them at nauseating length, were with borders, territory, and the migration of peoples. He killed because he understood the modern world with a relentless Eurocentrism: white people should be at the center no matter where one stands on the globe. Let this soak in.
Conversion in America: A Conversation with Lincoln Mullen
Lincoln Mullen, author of "The Chance of Salvation: A History of Conversion in America," joins Kristian Petersen in a conversation about the spectrum of religious identity in American history and how the phenomena of conversion is allows scholars to study a variety of religious groups—and their relationships to each other.
Mullen is the winner of the 2018 AAR Best First Book in the History of Religions.
Seeing the Myth in Human Rights with Jenna Reinbold
Jenna Reinbold, winner of the 2018 Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion in the category of Analytical-Descriptive Studies, discusses her book "Seeing the Myth in Human Rights" (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016). Reinbold is interviewed by Kristian Petersen.
A Promissory Note on Ethical Debt in Theological Education
You do not know who wrote this article—but you probably know who I am.
I am a professor in theological education. I am well respected by my students and by scholars in my field. I am mid-career, an established scholar and a veteran teacher. I work full time—at least 40 hours a week. I teach four to five courses per year; advise students; recruit prospective students; direct DMin projects; and lead workshops. I am the author of multiple books (one by a university press) and over a dozen peer-reviewed articles. I am co-editor of a well-received textbook and am sought after as an editor by colleagues and publishers. I am regularly invited to peer review articles and books, and I serve in leadership in my scholarly guild, my church, and the seminary communities in which I teach. Yet, I earn less than $20,000 a year—and without benefits or job security.
I am the contingent faculty member in your midst. What, if anything, am I owed?
Considering the Sudanese Islamic State with Noah Salomon
Noah Salomon interviewed by Kristian Petersen
Noah Salomon, author of "For Love of the Prophet: An Ethnography of Sudan's Islamic State" (Princeton University Press, 2016) and winner of AAR's 2017 Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion in the category of analytical-descriptive studies, talks to Kristian Petersen about his fieldwork in Sudan, the attempts at a unified Sudan prior to the 2011 partition, and tradition of the Islamic nation-state.
Teaching Religion as Anti-Racism Education
by Sarah Jacoby, Northwestern University
There is no way to deeply consider religion—its history, definition, impact, danger, and promise—without also thinking about the construction of race. And yet, addressing race, racism, and white privilege in the religious studies classroom is fraught with challenges for faculty and students alike. These tensions have been exacerbated by the contemporary political climate in the United States, but ultimately stem from much deeper historical roots involving settler colonialism, the genocide and forced relocation of indigenous populations, and the enslavement of peoples of African descent. Addressing this maligned history in the United States as well as different iterations of it around the world, considering its contemporary consequences, and envisioning possible futures is part of the important work taking place in religious studies classrooms.
Decolonial Approaches to the Study of Religion: Teaching Native American and Indigenous Religious Traditions
by Natalie Avalos, University of Colorado, Boulder
The Decolonial Classroom: Making Power Visible
Whiteness Studies—Why Not to Teach It (As an Untenured Professor)
by Brett J. Esaki, University of Arizona
Unlike my colleagues contributing to this Spotlight, my emphasis is less on what one could or should do and more on what one should not do. Specifically, I recommend that you do not teach a course on whiteness studies as an untenured professor, lecturer, or (god-forbid) as an adjunct. Likely, my colleagues might disagree, and I too hate to take this standpoint, but I ask that you at least consider my perspective as one end of the spectrum, where I advise excessive preparation for the potential negative consequences of teaching antiracism.
Anti-Racism in Community-Based Education
by Tiffany Puett, Institute for Diversity and Civic Life
While I teach religious studies in university classrooms, I also direct a nonprofit educational organization, the Institute for Diversity and Civic Life (IDCL), where we offer programs that build understanding of religious and cultural diversity. Many of our programs are geared towards adult learners and, more specifically, professionals who are navigating dynamics of diversity and difference in their organizations, companies, or communities.


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Carnival Barkers In America
It is time for Americans to stop letting "carnival barkers" set the political and social agenda In America. It is time for us to stop giving these liars and con artists the constant media spotlight they now command. Enough is enough. As the president said this week, there are far too many serious issues that need careful debate and consideration for us to be distracted by these fools and clowns. They have no substance; only a never ending need for attention.
It was Donald Trump, that clown with the curious coif, who was the target of President Obama's scorn and who earned the characterization of "carnival barker" during the president's unnecessary press conference this week. After weeks of badgering by Donald Trump, a strange looking individual who seems to wear a badger atop his head, the president was distracted from the serious issues of the day to announce the release of his birth certificate. And then, as if to reinforce his own hubris, Trump held a press conference during which he showed he has absolutely no shame, congratulating himself and saying "I'm very proud of myself," for being the only one to get the president to release his birth certificate, which proved or disproved nothing. Nice work, Mr. Trump.
That's right, said Trump. Step right up. Buy a ticket to the freak show. See the two headed man. See the woman with elastic skin. See a private document proving citizenship that no other president has had to produce. "What a great man I am." Step right up.
Not a single reporter bothered to challenge this bully about his fruitless witch hunt. Not one journalist had the guts to ask Trump if he was embarrassed that he had been proved wrong. It was unbelievable. This big-mouthed, schoolyard bully stood there while reporters appeared to be paralyzed by fear that Trump might embarrass them on national television. What a gutless group. Was this the A-team or a bunch of journalistic lightweights. The press abdicated their responsibility and trust handed to them by the public and stood around while Trump congratulated himself and them proceeded to change the subject from the president's citizenship to his abilities as a student. The carnival barking continued.
Why do we give these half-wits like Trump the same attention once reserved for serious discourse? Has the bar of public discourse been lowered that far? The fact is we now allow ourselves to be conned and confused by this kind of profane, insolent and contemptuous trash talk. Why? Because nobody really wants to think about legitimate problems like the hundreds of thousands of Americans without jobs, health care or much hope for tomorrow. Meanwhile the carnival barkers command better ratings than serious discourse. The tail wags the dog. The carnival is apparently in town to stay.
And don't think for a minute that racism is not at play when these carnival barkers go after this African-American president. Can you imagine any previous, white president being subjected to this kind hyper-scrutiny? Can you imagine former President Reagan being forced to provide proof of his citizenship? It wouldn't have happened. Not in a million years. But because President Obama is African-American every half-wit with a reality show or access to the public airwaves seems to be given the licence to attack any and all aspect of his life. This isn't the first time the presidents background or integrity has been publicly questioned:
Perhaps we are all culpable for allowing the freak show to continue. What if we just said, "No more?" What if we refused to give people like Joe Wilson or Donald Trump or Rush Limbaugh or Glenn Beck our attention? What if we ignored the carnival barkers?
It's time for Americans to stop listening to this nonsense. We all know in our hearts that the carnival barkers do nothing more than distract us from the job of making America a better, more fair and equitable place. Until we all make a concerted effort to ignore the carnival barkers, we're all just a bunch of suckers.
Filed under Politics
Tagged as Carnival Barkers, Donald Trump, Freak Show, President Obama, Proof of Citizenship


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