Last weekend – a lifetime ago! – we were in Chicago for my nephew's wedding. As a kid, I lived outside the city for a year-ish, so it's fun for me to go back and see it every once in a while. While I didn't live in the city, we did drive in quite a bit for pizza, eat at an authentic Greek restaurant (sadly no longer there) to see Frank Lloyd Wright houses, view the city from the top of the John Hancock tower, and just exploring the city.
The wedding itself was at the Chicago Art Institute, just a couple blocks from the Swissotel, where we stayed. That put us right into the heart if downtown Chicago; in fact, our hotel room looked out over the river at the famous Dusable Bridge on MIchigan Avenue.
Before the evening's festivities, we had a few hours to sightsee and grab lunch. While our daughter went on a bike ride with her cousins to Navy Pier and thereabouts, my husband and I took a cab to the Chicago French Market, where there are about 30 something restaurants under one roof. Pastrami sandwiches, artisan cheeses, crepes, Cajun food, smoothies, juice bars, Kosher foods, scrumptious bakeries, lobster rolls – it was amazing! When neither of us could decide what we both wanted, this was the perfect compromise in that we both got exactly what we wanted!
As if we hadn't eaten enough – and dinner in only 3 hours – we arrived back at the hotel to a lovely tray of goodies along with an itinerary of the weekend events.
We had a really lovely dinner with family and friends of both sides after we arrived, and then in the morning, as is my custom when we travel, I went out for a morning run. Fortunately we were just a block away from Millenium Park and a couple from Grant Park, so I was able to run alongside Lakeshore Drive and catch a beautiful sunrise that reflected off the Chicago Skyline. It was perfect weather (especially since Chicago had had 2 cold, snow flurry weeks prior!) and it was a wonderful wonderful time exploring the city before it got busy.
On the way back, I met up with my husband and his brother at breakfast, then we all moved to the lobby where the bridal party was staying. Everyone had a fairly relaxed day. We took our daughter, two of our nieces and one spouse to Navy Pier to ride the ferris wheel, then we all headed to Gino's East where we met more family for famous deep dish pizza. Oh, it was SO good!
After our bellies were as full as they would be if we ate 3 Thanksgiving dinners back to back, we made our way back to the hotel to change for the wedding. I wore a vintage 1940's dress I bought in college, while my daughter rented a dress that was beautiful on her!
The wedding itself was so so incredibly picturesque and moving. It took place on a rooftop garden at the Art Institute, and the dusky skyline served as a gorgeous backdrop to the the bride and groom as they took their vows. It was definitely a one-of-a-kind wedding!
We loved meeting so many kind, thoughtful, funny, gracious people, and are so happy there's a new addition to the family! It was a wonderful weekend, and we can't wait to go back to visit Chicago!!!
I loved the pictures. I've only driven through Chicago. The wedding looked lovely too. Everyone looks lovely.
Thank you – it WAS lovely!


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Don't you feel sorry for the books that don't make it onto the "best of" lists? I always imagine writers scanning list after list for their names and descending into depression when they don't find them. But then I also used to feel sorry for peas left over on my plate when I ate the fish fingers first as a child. So rather than a list of best books of the year, I proudly present the top three famous literary celebrities I met this year and the earth-shattering things I said to them. Read it and weep, mere mortals.
1. Denis Scheck, über-critic: "But translators say 'du' to each other!"
2. Ilja Trojanow, writer: "Excuse me, my colleague wants to ask you something..."
3. Günter Grass, Nobel prizewinner: "I thought it was good that the translators got to read for a long time. Especially Danish."
Update: If you said something deep and meaningful to a literary celebrity this year (or in fact any year), do post in the comments. Isabo has made a fine start.
"Haven't we met before? Your face seems familiar."
"I don't think so. I'm Tilman."
"Oh my God, I adore you both."
Oh, and Denis Scheck got a "Das ist doch Quatsch" from me.
I said to Sarah Waters 'I love your books! And you got me into reading Wilkie Collins'. Then she recommended a Wilkie Collins book I hadn't read.
"Could you sign right here?" was the most original thing I could think of saying to John Banville when he signed copies of Die See at a reading in Berlin a few years ago, after I had edited the translation of his first crime novel. At least I didn't say, "Hey, guess who I am! I found the mistake you made about the Porsche model in Christine Falls!"
After a conversation with Arnost Lustig , he said to me [insert Czech accent here], "You know, you have soul of women."


In the dense woods, over two hundred 'people', divided into two groups, had been crazily fighting against each other.
People in one group had the average height of over three meters and were as muscular as fierce beasts. They had light-green skin that was thickly covered with tattoos of all kinds of strange patterns. As they moved their bodies, their tattoos emitted dark-green lights.
On the back of each one of this group of people, a figure of a beast had been shining with a strong light. Following the movements of these people, those beast tattoos would roar, pounce, bite or scratch just like real living beings. Meanwhile, faint beast roars had been coming out from those people's bodies.
Ji Hao hid in the crown of a towering tree, narrowed his eyes and looked at those 'people'. The beast figure shining behind their bodies were dense and dazzling, ceaselessly releasing a sense of power that was similar to soul powers. This 'soul power' combined with spirit blood power released from those people's bodies allowed them to leap higher and run faster, making them stronger when wielding their weapons.
Ji Hao clearly saw that occasionally, attacks launched by these beast-like people would strike the surrounding trees, and those tree trunks would immediately blast as if they were struck by thunderbolts. Meters wide holes would appear on tree trunks while thunderous booms were generated.
The other group of people was taller than these beast-like people. However, although they were taller, they were scrawny in shapes, unlike those beast-like muscular people. They all had their upper bodies bared as well, and their light-green skins were thickly covered in complicated tattoos as well. This group of people had clear tattoos of figures of fierce birds.
Just like those beast tattoos, these birds tattoos had been moving and roaring as well. From time to time, these birds tattoos would release gusts of wind and wrap the bodies of these tall and scrawny 'people' up, allowing them to move faster and more nimbly.
Both these two groups of 'people' looked similar to human beings, only that they had different facial features.
Those strong, muscular 'people' who had beast tattoos on their backs had boorish faces that made them look like combinations of fierce tigers and bears at first glance. On the other hand, those tall and thin 'people', who had birds tattoos on their backs, had exquisite faces. Except for their scrawniness and extra sharp noses, they could even be counted as handsome among human beings.
Those muscular people were using large axes or hammers as their weapons, and while they wielded those heavy weapons, deep thunder-like noises would be let out by their weapons endlessly. Occasionally, bolts of lightning would dazzle out from their weapons, striking on the ground or trees and causing huge holes to form.
Those tall and scrawny people were using curved machetes or long swords that were curved like bird beaks. Their weapons were exquisitely crafted and sharp, and roaring gusts of wind would be brought up as they swung their weapons, that allowed them to move even more swiftly. Every single attack launched by them was aimed at the most vital body part of their enemies.
Both wind power and thunder power were derivatives of the green power. These two groups of people were fighting in the woods which had abundant green power. Therefore, their fight was long lasting. Over two hundred 'people' crazily fought against each other for around four hours, but the winner was still not determined.
Those scrawny people moved extremely fast, which was a great advantage. However, they were in dense woods and trees, vines could be seen in every corner of this space. No matter how fast they could move, because of the geographical limitation, their advantage of speed couldn't deliver too many obvious effects. Although those beast-like 'people' were relatively slower, they were literally powerful. They occasionally bumped into those scrawny ones, forcing them to stagger back. Overall, they made the fight even.
The tangled fight lasted for a long while till everyone started gasping heavily and quickly while streams of blood flowed down from their bodies and the lightning bolts and gusts of wind coiling around their weapons gradually dispelled. Obviously, they were exhausted and couldn't continue fighting. By now, an elderly man with dark-green hair walked out from each group with big steps, then stood facing each other hundreds of meters apart.
After a series of spell incantations, both the two elderly men suddenly released a dazzling light from their bodies.
A tiger-like beast but with two heads roared out from the muscular elderly man, pouncing on the other elderly man with its body wrapped in arm-thick bolts of lightning. From the scrawny elderly man's back, a roc-like six-winged fierce bird rose high into the air, diving town towards that two-headed tiger while leaving a clear arc in the air.
Within a twinkling of an eye, a thunderous bang was generated as a green, eye-piercing light dazzled out. Waves of thunderbolts and fierce gusts of gale spread out for miles. Over two-hundred 'people' were all sent flying away for miles while howling and vomiting light-green, sticky blood.
Tens of giant trees were shattered into pieces. The two elderly men who had launched a full-strength attack against each other now had their chests hollowed. They fell to the ground with blood gushing out from their mouth, nose, ears, and eyes, seeming to die at any time.
Watching all this, Ji Hao nearly laughed out. Were these people's brains damaged? They didn't even evacuate their clansmen before they launched such a powerful attack, did they actually want their own people to die sooner?
Back in Southern Wasteland jungles, once Senior Magi from two opposite clans started fighting with all of their powers, they would go as far from their own clans as possible. Who had ever seen Southern Wasteland Senior Magi actually fighting in their own villages?
The woods fell into a deadly silence, and after a quite long while, those warriors, who were blasted away struggled back up with some difficulties. They held their clansmen up while continuously vomiting blood and embarrassedly left towards different directions.
Ji Hao pondered for a while then carefully followed behind those tall and scrawny 'people'.
He somehow felt that those strong and muscular ones were sillier than those tall and scrawny ones, as they acted more like wild animals and were probably hard to get along. Unlike them, these tall and scrawny people seemed to be a bit smarter; their weapons were more exquisite as well. Apparently, they were relatively more civilized, and Ji Hao thought he might gain some valuable information by following them.
These people were all injured severely. Therefore, they didn't move too fast in the woods. Within two hours, they had only made thirty to fifty miles. Ji Hao patiently followed behind them, watching them search for all kinds of herbs on the way to heal their wounds, collecting killed animals in traps that were set in the woods, and picking all kinds of fruits while passing through fruit-bearing forests.
Five days later, the injuries of this group of people had recovered by six to seven percent. After that, their moving speed was raised largely. After another two days, a large lake appeared in a dense forest, and in the middle of the woods was a small island with a diameter of approximately hundred miles.
Ji Hao stood on a tree beside the lake, looking at the small island. He saw many towering trees on the island, and between branches of those trees were exquisite wooden tree houses. Those tree houses were scattered among thick branches and leaves, looking like bird nests, and at first glance, Ji Hao couldn't even tell exactly how many were there.
Just as Ji Hao had guessed, some gigantic bird nests were located in between those tree houses, and from time to time, he could see all kinds of fierce, large birds rising or landing.
People in this clan lived together with fierce, large birds, which reminded Ji Hao of the old Fire Crow Clan.
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text:
Q: How to get maximum height of piled boxes? There are set of 20 boxes with parameters {height, length, width}.
One box can be piled on another if its {length_of_first, width_of_first} is less or equal than {length_of_second, width_of_second}, i.e.
length_of_first <= length_of_second && width_of_first <= width_of_second.
The boxes can be rotated on any side
BoxSizes rotateRight(const BoxSizes& box) {
    BoxSizes box_sizes(box);

    int height = box_sizes.height;
    int width = box_sizes.width;
    int length = box_sizes.length;

    box_sizes.length = width;
    box_sizes.height = length;
    box_sizes.width = height;

    return box_sizes;
}

BoxSizes rotateOnward(const BoxSizes& box) {
    BoxSizes box_sizes(box);

    int height = box_sizes.height;
    int width = box_sizes.width;
    int length = box_sizes.length;

    box_sizes.length = height;
    box_sizes.height = length;
    box_sizes.width = width;

    return box_sizes;
}

The main is goal is to get the highest pile of boxes.
It's not mandatory to use all boxes, but one box must be used only once!
Example. Given two boxes:
{27, 24, 35},
{76, 36, 3}

I can pile two boxes but it is better to not pile them and just take second one and rotate it and get 76.
What a method should I use to solve this problem because I cannot use bruteforce because I need to consider 3 rotations for each box and so I need to run (3 + 1) ^ 20 cases (+1 because a box may be not used)

A: My suggestion is going to be a hybrid approach that uses dynamic programming to generate upper bounds on pile heights, and then an A* search to find the solution.
First, let's construct a graph with 60 nodes representing having just put one of the 20 boxes in each of 3 orientations.  Add to it one more for the empty pile.
Your arrows are A -> B if B can be piled on A.  The "can be piled" means that it fits your piling rule with the following extra rules.  If length and width match, you can only pile the shorter on the longer.  If box dimensions are identical, enforce an arbitrary order.
The reason for these restrictions is that if there is a valid answer that doesn't follow those additional rules, you can rearrange boxes to find one of the same height that does.  So we only need to look for arrangements that follow those rules.  And with those loops there will be no loops in our graph.
Next, from a simple recursive graph search, for each box with orientation we can find the highest pile that could be made on it, ignoring the duplication rule.  Record those 61 heights.
Those heights are an overestimate of how tall a pile you can construct.  But we have not tried to enforce the rule about never reusing a box.  Let's fix that with an A* search.
We need a Priority Queue that returns the largest priority first.  (A max-heap will do nicely.)  With that, our search goes as the following pseudo-code.
queue.add((max height on empty ground, 0, empty path))
while True: # loop condition terminates at end.
    (priority, height, path) = queue.pop()
    if priority = height:
        EXIT HERE, HEIGHT IS ANSWER AND PATH IS OPTIMAL PILING
    else:
        queue.add((height, height, path))
        for oriented box that can pile on last in path: # in graph above
            if box not in path:
                new_height = height + height of box
                queue.add((
                    new_height + max_height on orientation,
                    new_height,
                    path with orientation added))

What this will do is start with an empty path, put every orientation into the queue, and then will greedily explore trying the tallest piling you found the first time, backtracking whenever it runs into the duplicated box criterion.  The priority we get will always be an upper limit on how tall the tallest pile can be.  The height is the height of this pile so far.  Which is why when we find a pile whose actual height matches the priority, that is the best possible answer.

A: As Mr."btilly" said, we should create a graph from all possible rotations of the boxes.
Each node represent a rotated (or original shape) box.
An edge between nodes can exist only if second box can be piled on first box.
So, let's introduce a structure that describes box's shape:
struct BoxSizes {
    int length{};
    int width{};
    int height{};
    int type{-1};
    int num_of_box{};

    BoxSizes(const BoxSizes&) = default;
    BoxSizes(const std::vector<int>& box, int type, int num_of_box) : length(box[0]), width(box[1]), height(box[2]), type(type), num_of_box(num_of_box) {}
    /*Some helpful methods*/

We give box shapes like that:
std::vector<std::vector<int>> box_sizes = {
            {269, 152, 375},
            {45, 8, 259},
            {37, 113, 98},
            {685, 40, 35}
};

Let's create all rotations of boxes:
std::vector<BoxSizes> all_rotated_box;

for (const auto& box_as_vector : box_sizes) {
     /*Don't pay attention on type and count*/
     const auto& box = BoxSizes(box_as_vector, type++, count);
     count += 3;
     all_rotated_box.emplace_back(box);
     all_rotated_box.emplace_back(rotateRight(box));
     all_rotated_box.emplace_back(rotateOnward(box));
}

/*Let's sort them!*/
std::sort(all_rotated_box.begin(), all_rotated_box.end());

So, let's introduce a structure Node
struct Node {
        int x, y, z;
        int type;
        Node() = default;
        Node(int _x, int _y, int _z, int type) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z), type(type) {}
        bool operator==(Node a) {
            return (x == a.x) && (y == a.y);
        }
};

std::vector<Node> nodes;

/*From vector of boxes to vector of nodes*/
std::transform(all_rotated_box.begin(), all_rotated_box.end(), std::back_inserter(nodes),
                   [](const auto& box) { return  Node(box.length, box.width, box.height, box.type); });

Let's create a graph:
std::vector<std::vector<int>> Graph(nodes.size(), std::vector<int>(nodes.size(), 0));

    for (int i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i++) {
        auto x = nodes[i].x;
        auto y = nodes[i].y;
        auto type = nodes[i].type;

        for (int j = 0; j < nodes.size(); j++) {
            auto x_ = nodes[j].x;
            auto y_ = nodes[j].y;
            auto type_ = nodes[j].type;

            if(i == j) {
                Graph[i][j] = nodes[i].z;
            }

            if(type == type_ || (x == x_ && y == y_))
                continue;

            if((x < x_ || x <= x_) && (y < y_ || y <= y_) ||
               (x < y_ || x <= y_) && (y < x_ || y <= x_)) {
                Graph[i][j] = std::abs( nodes[j].z);
            }

        }
    }

So, the main loop is:
for(auto j = 0; j < nodes.size(); j++) {
        std::deque<int> q;

        q.push_back(j);

        std::vector<int> heighest(nodes.size(), 0);
        heighest[j] = Graph[j][j];

        while (!q.empty()) {
            std::vector<int> adjacent_nodes;

            auto curr{q.front()};
            q.pop_front();

            for (int i = 0; i < Graph[0].size(); i++) {
                if (Graph[curr][i] > 0 && i != curr) {
                    adjacent_nodes.push_back(i);
                }
            }

            for (auto node : adjacent_nodes) {
                heighest[node] = std::max(heighest[node], heighest[curr] + Graph[curr][node]);
                q.push_back(node);
            }
        }

        the_heighest = std::max(the_heighest, *std::max_element(heighest.begin(), heighest.end()));
    }

You can check here https://github.com/Ayrtat/codeforces/blob/master/BoxRight.cpp

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text:
معلومات تعاطي المخدرات What is Polydrug Abuse?
معلومات عن المخدرات
Why is Polydrug Abuse so Dangerous?
There's not just one factor that makes polydrug abuse so dangerous. There are several different ones. The tragic thing is that when a person is living an addicted lifestyle, he is far from caring whether or not he is harming himself. He's just driven by his cravings and the overwhelming need he feels to get more drugs.
While a person's health and age get involved in whether or not certain combinations will be harmful, there are still specific combinations that can be far more harmful and dangerous than the abuse of a single drug by itself. Here are some of the most dangerous combinations.
Alcohol & Cocaine
This combination results in the formation of an entirely new chemical in the body — cocaethylene. In other words, when cocaine is broken down in a body that is also intoxicated with alcohol, the long-lasting chemical cocaethylene forms instead of the usual cocaine products that would be swiftly eliminated from the body.
Cocaethylene has a similar psychoactive effect as cocaine. But cocaethylene is associated with liver damage, seizures and immune system damage.
The risk of immediate death is approximately 20 times higher from cocaethylene than cocaine.
Alcohol and cocaine together also results in higher levels of cocaine in the blood. Tests show that these levels can increase as much as 30%. This increases the strain on the cardiovascular system.
Increases in violent behavior and suicidality have been reported when cocaine and alcohol are used together.
Alcohol & Ecstasy
Alcohol may moderate the high you get from Ecstasy, and you may not feel as strong an effect as usual. But then it is likely that you will feel much worse when you come down off these drugs.
Both Ecstasy and alcohol cause dehydration which can increase one's chances of heatstroke when dancing in a hot environment for hours
There is a greater strain on a person's liver and kidneys, which may lead to nausea and vomiting.
Both drugs cause an impairment of a person's judgment. Risky and dangerous decisions and actions may result.
Alcohol & Other stimulants
Alcohol abuse may be combined with Ritalin, Adderall, methamphetamine or amphetamine. Some diet pills, over the counter cold remedies and even strong energy drinks can also be dangerous.
As with cocaine, these stimulants can obscure the sedating effects of alcohol, enabling a person to get dangerously drunk without fully realizing it. The user may try to drive, which is dangerous to both himself and others nearby.
As with Ecstasy, overheating is more likely to occur which can lead to organ damage.
A person abusing this combination may lose his inhibitions but be irritable and aggressive. Emotions may run out of control. The results can be disastrous.
Ref: http://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-the-body/alcohol-and-illegal-drugs
Alcohol & Benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax, Klonopin, Ativan)
This combination loads the body with depressants which doubles up the sedating effects of the drugs. This can result in:
Impaired memory
Opiates & Cocaine
Opiates and opioids (synthetic or partially synthetic opiates) are central nervous system depressants. Cocaine is a strong stimulant. Some people mix these two drugs so that they don't nod off due to the opiate.
Cocaine is very stressful for the cardiovascular system. It increases the heart rate but constricts the blood vessels. This is a very dangerous combination that has led to blood vessel rupture, heart attack, stroke and cardiac arrest.
When opiates or opioids are added to cocaine abuse, the stress on the cardiovascular system increases even further.
Because cocaine negates the sleepy, drowsy effects of the opiates, a person can mistake how much heroin or prescription painkiller he has already used. Seeking more effect from the opiates, he may consumer more. This is one way that unintentional overdoses occur.
Cocaine & Ecstasy
Both these drugs are strong stimulants that can overwhelm the body's defenses against heat and stress.
Cocaine speeds up the heart while it constricts the blood vessels.
Ecstasy is a form of amphetamine that also speeds the heart and causes the body to heat up.
The combination can damage the cardiovascular system or cause a stroke.
The severe overheating can cause organ breakdown.
A survey of young adults who frequented clubs in New York City showed that 92% engaged in polydrug abuse. More than 86% of clubbers were abusing Ecstasy and 85% were abusing cocaine.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7616402
http://blogs.psychcentral.com/addiction-recovery/2012/04/7-deadliest-drug-combinations/
Opioids & Benzodiazepines | Opioids & Benzodiazepines & Alcohol
All three of these drugs depress the central nervous system which causes the breathing to slow down. Using these drugs at the same time constitutes a triple-threat to one's very survival.
A person who has these drugs in his body may be so sleepy and tired that his friends put him to bed to sleep off the drugs. But while he sleeps, he may very well just stop breathing.
Older drug users may break down benzodiazepines more slowly than younger users. This means that they may unintentionally overdose on this combination, when at an earlier time, they might have been able to survive the mix.
Alcohol & any other drug
This is the most common pattern of polydrug abuse. Alcohol has the ability to worsen a person's reaction to other drugs that were taken, or it can damage a person's health to the point that amounts of other drugs that would normally be tolerated become hazardous or fatal.
Alcohol is well-known for causing liver damage. Heavy alcohol consumption over time can create so much damage that the liver can no longer break down other drugs at the same rate. Blood concentrations of that other drug can then increase to fatal levels because they sit in the blood instead of getting broken down. When another dose of a secondary drug is taken, the person can overdose.
Alcohol severely impairs judgment. A person can easily lose track of how much of that second drug has been consumed.
Ref: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_93217_EN_EMCDDA_SI09_polydrug%20use.pdf
Drug Combinations Frequently Land Abusers in the ER and Morgue
When drug users wind up in the emergency rooms or morgues of hospitals, in the majority of cases, it is because of the abuse of multiple substances. Statistics on ER visits in the US are reported by the Drug Awareness Warning Network (DAWN), part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
A summary of findings from their various reports ought to be enough to convince anyone that mixing alcohol, illicit and prescription drugs is one of the most dangerous activities they be involved in. Here are some of the most significant findings from DAWN.
Majority of ER Visits Due to Polydrug Abuse
When SAMHSA published the DAWN statistics gathered in 2011, it noted that 56.3% of all the emergency room visits due to drug abuse had involved multiple drugs.
Between 2004 and 2011, the profile of drugs involved shifted dramatically from illicit drugs to abused prescription drugs. The involvement of pharmaceutical drugs roughly doubled, whether they were being mixed with illicit drugs, alcohol or both.
Reference: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/2k13/DAWN2k11ED/DAWN2k11ED.htm
Further Reports from DAWN on Polydrug Abuse
In 2012, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) published the outcomes of emergency room visits by people who had run into problems while they were abusing drugs and alcohol. This report showed clearly that a person abusing multiple drugs is much more likely to need emergency care than the single-drug abuser.
SAMHSA collected this information in 2009 from the nationwide monitoring system, the Drug Awareness Warning Network.
The report is titled Outcomes of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits Associated with Polydrug Use. That year, there were about 4.5 million drug-related visits to the emergency room. This report selected out the top drugs involved in emergency room visits for further analysis.
The number of visits related to these top drugs broke down like this:
Cocaine - 422,901
Marijuana - 376,486
Heroin - 213,118
Opiate pain relievers - 342,983
Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium) - 312,931
Muscle relaxants (Soma, Flexeril) - 50,878
Stimulants (Ritalin, Adderall) - 21,799
In every category, more people needed emergency medical care for multiple drug abuse than for help with a single drug.
Heroin was the top drug that was used singly, with about half of those in the ER using only heroin. But only about 20% of those in the ER after abusing muscle relaxants had used just that drug alone. The other 80% mixed it with other drugs, most popularly, the combination of opiate painkiller hydrocodone and Valium. This combination is called the "Houston Cocktail".
Only about one-third of cocaine users did not use another drug, and only about one-fourth of marijuana abusers just had weed in their systems.
When heroin, prescription painkillers, benzodiazepines, prescription stimulants or marijuana were involved, the use of multiple drugs was more likely to result in the individual staying in the hospital for additional treatment.
Overwhelming Proportion of Drug Deaths Also Due to Polydrug Abuse
DAWN also monitors drug-related deaths to find trends. In May 2012, they reported on the profiles of drug-related deaths that occurred in 2010 in cities across the country. Here is a sampling of their findings.
In Albuquerque, New Mexico and the surrounding area, the vast majority of drug deaths involved multiple drug abuse. For example:
Heroin and prescription opiate-type drugs:
110 users of these drugs died in 2010
Only 20 were single drug deaths
Benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax and others):
54 users died
None were single drug deaths
This phenomenon is consistent with the simultaneous abuse of opiates and benzodiazepines that is very common. These two drugs can combine to result in a fatal suppression of a person's breathing.
46 people died
Alcohol also suppresses breathing and can combine with opiates or benzodiazepines to result in an unintentional overdose.
In the Los Angeles-Long Beach area:
430 users from opiates
Only 87 were single drug deaths.
309 people died
Only 8 were single drug deaths
Stimulants (methamphetamine, Ritalin, etc.):
82 were single drug deaths
In the Boston area:
135 were single drug deaths
Cocaine:
In the Philadelphia-Camden, NJ area:
Heroin and prescription opiate-type drugs
Benzodiazepines:
Only 1 was a single drug death.
Ref: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/2k12/DAWNMEAnnualReport2010/DAWN-ME-AnnualReport2010.htm
European Polydrug Abuse Patterns
In Europe, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction compiles reports on the trends and statistics across the continent. In 2009, they published the report Polydrug Use: Patterns and Responses.
This report analyzed the trends of polydrug use among teens (15 to 16-year-olds), young adults and problem drug users. There were 22 European countries included in this analysis.
Teens reporting polydrug abuse in the prior month:
6% used the combination cannabis, alcohol and cigarettes; 1% used cannabis, alcohol, cigarettes PLUS one of the following: Ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamine, LSD or heroin
When cocaine use was reported by a student, polydrug use was more frequently reported. This is a logical result, considering that a student who uses cocaine (instead of the most common illicit drug, cannabis) is already a higher-risk drug abuser.
Cannabis users were most likely to add Ecstasy and least likely to add heroin or LSD.
These proportions were higher in countries that generally had high substance abuse statistics.
Teens who were abusing multiple drugs also had higher levels of truancy.
Young Adults (15 to 34-year-olds)
While numbers vary widely from one country to another, on average, if a person is a heavy drinker, he (or she) is far more likely to report the abuse of one or more other drugs such as cannabis or cocaine. In Italy, nearly 80% of heavy drinkers also used cannabis. In many other countries, the figure was between 30% and 50%.
In Cyprus, 35% of cannabis users reported the addition of Ecstasy and in Denmark 17% added amphetamine to the mix. In Cyprus, Ireland, Spain and the UK, about 20% added cocaine.
Use of cocaine or Ecstasy was very frequently associated with the simultaneous abuse of another drug, particularly another stimulant or alcohol.
Problem Drug Users
Problem drug users are already living very risky lifestyles. Rates of polydrug use are much higher in this population, as would be expected.
Among this group, multiple drug abuse is a significant cause of medical emergency.
An analysis of European drug-related deaths from 2002 through 2006 showed that while an opiate-type drug was involved in three-quarters of all drug deaths, it was the sole drug involved in only 18% of them. The report summarizes: "These deaths are frequently related to combinations of substances, and only a minority of cases are related to one substance only."
This report also commented that among heroin users, using alcohol at the same time was a contributing factor in overdoses that did not result in death.
Of course, most of these problem drug users are, in fact, addicted. When these people entered treatment programs, 57% reported multiple drugs giving them problems. The highest proportion of polydrug abusers entering treatment was found in Finland (86%). Cocaine, alcohol, cannabis and stimulants such as amphetamine were the secondary drugs reported, in that order. It was most common to find heroin/cocaine abusers (the most common combination) in large cities.
The report also noted that polydrug abuse is very common among people who are receiving substitution treatment - in other words, they are being given methadone or buprenorphine and continued to add other drugs to the mix. Many of these patients were also alcohol-dependent, or they abused benzodiazepines, known to make opiates more potent.
Amplifying the Effects of Drugs
When drugs are used in combination, some of the effects are amplified. In some cases, this is what the drug user is looking for - a specific kind of high. In other cases, the user is so careless that they will use anything available.
But the amplification applies to more than just the euphoric high. It also applies to the life-threatening aspects of drug abuse. When more than one drug that suppresses breathing is taken, a person can asphyxiate due to that combined effect. Multiple stimulant abuse can result in a terrible strain on the cardiovascular system and fatal damage.
Reports from both DAWN and the EMCDDA conclude that the polydrug abuser must have access to addiction treatment programs that can address polydrug use.
The Narconon drug and alcohol program has always been able to address polydrug abuse, because it focuses on helping a person recover from the disabilities that led him (or her) to want to use drugs in the first place. A person must find relief from the cravings that drove him relentlessly back into drug use, even while he could see that his life was being destroyed. He must gain the skills needed to establish new and honest relationships with family, friends, employers and his community.
The Narconon recovery program is structured so that the individual has tools that help him succeed in life and remain drug-free.
http://www.samhsa.gov/data/2k12/DAWN032/SR032Polydrug2012.htm
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_93217_EN_EMCDDA_SI09_polydrug%20use.pdf
Losing Our Brightest to Polydrug Abuse
Perhaps it's the feeling of invulnerability that the young so often possess. Maybe it's simply the social acceptability of substance abuse in a college atmosphere. Whatever the underlying factors, America's young adults on college campuses too often lose their lives to polydrug abuse.
Certainly, this indicates a lack of thorough education on the life-threatening effects of specific drugs in combination. It might not be possible any time soon to completely eliminate drug or alcohol abuse among the young but if they knew that certain combinations could kill them, they might restrain themselves from indulging.
Report from Chico State University
Between August 2006 and May 2012, Chico State University lost eight students to polydrug abuse. In an effort to save other lives, they published some of the toxicology reports from these deaths:
Kyle Barley, 22: cocaine, oxycodone and diphenhydramine (antihistamine)
Stephen Davis, 23: oxycodone, cocaine, morphine, codeine, alcohol
Angela March: oxycodone, methadone, fentanyl (painkiller), methamphetamine
Gina Maggio, 21: combination of prescription and illicit drugs
Carly Callaghan, 22: morphine, alcohol, Prozac.
Compelled to Act report
The website www.compelledtoact.com keeps a running tally of college students who passed away due to drugs or alcohol. Here are a few of the students who lost their lives due to a combination of substances:
Zachary Robinson, 21, University of South Carolina: alcohol, opiate painkiller.
Brett Malmquist, 21, Lincoln College: alcohol, heroin, codeine, marijuana, antihistamine (Benadryl), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine).
Julio Salgado, 21, Towson University: alcohol, oxycodone.
Michael Hoffman, 21, University of Colorado: alcohol, painkillers.
Wilson Forrester, University of Arizona: alcohol, prescription drugs.
Matthew Ainsworth, 21, Villanova University: alcohol, oxycodone.
Philip Christian, 23, Georgia Southern University (while on Spring Break): alcohol, oxycodone, cocaine.
Reference: http://compelledtoact.com/index.htm
Report from the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA)
CASA is located at Columbia University in New York, and provides in-depth reports on substance abuse by youth, young adults and the general population. In 2007, they published Wasting the Best and Brightest, an analysis of substance abuse on college campuses.
Their study of the situation showed that 2.3 million college students were abusing two or more substances at a time. They also noted that college students who binge drink (have five or more drinks in one sitting) are more likely to also abuse marijuana, cocaine, Ecstasy or other illegal drugs.
This study also states: "Students who abuse prescription opioids are more than four times likelier to report frequent binge drinking and driving after binge drinking, more than eight times likelier to report past-year marijuana use and more than 13 times likelier to report past-year cocaine use than students who do not abuse prescription opioids."
Reference: http://www.casacolumbia.org/templates/Publications_Reports.aspx#r11
Polydrug Abuse
Polydrug Help
Polydrug Nicknames
Polydrug Recovery
سجل اشتراكك مجاناً للحصول على النشرة بالبريد الإلكتروني:
أُحصل عليه الآن
شكراً جزيلاً على الاشتراك.
كُن خالياً من المخدرات. من أجل التحسُّن.
أُحصل على المساعدة الآن
أو انقر هنا للمزيد من المعلومات
Prescription Drug Abuse Worldwide السابق
A Success Story: Recovery from Polydrug Abuse
What is Polydrug Abuse?
A Success Story: Recovery from Polydrug Abuse Why Is Polydrug Abuse So Dangerous?
معلومات حول تعاطي المخدرات
كيفية مساعدة المدمن المخاطر الصحية لإدمان المخدرات التأثيرات لإدمان المخدرات
انقر هنا لتحديد
أقرب مركز ناركونن عليك
انقر هنا من أجل

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm just an unassuming and quiet person living in rainy Seattle, spending my free time coding, tinkering and baking. Nothing all that special. Temia Eszteri is just a pen name, but as an advocate of privacy, it's one I prefer to go by exclusively online so as not to get my private life involved where it doesn't have to be.
Prerisoft is a site I put together for the sake of showcasing my projects - not much thought went into the idea behind it, and the design I pursued was thought up on a whim, even. Still, it suits my purposes. While it's most certainly static, I manage it with a set of homemade scripts which simplify content creation and design maintenance. It was either that or go to Wordpress, and that idea proved to be a bad one after the string of exploits found for the system.
Prerisoft could not be realised without the help and support of the many folks of the Clever Pun and Possibility of Interminable Reciprocity communities, but especially not without Rikai and Thomas, who provided moral and technical support respectively while I struggled with the arbitrary beast that is manual website design—especially where CSS is concerned.


"The DX-200 Standard Depository Keypad Safe by Barska is a heavy-walled steel deposit box intended for short-term storage of cash and is ideal for restaurants or any cash-business making regular bank deposits. The DX-200 features solid steel walls and three steel dead bolt locks that are unlocked using either the digital keypad or the included back-up keys. The digital keypad can store up to two user-defined PIN codes. To resist tampering this safe has a drop drawer with a row of jagged teeth that prevents deposited objects from being fished out as well as a Lock Out mode that deactivates the keypad. Pre-drilled holes in the back and on the bottom of the DX-200 Safe permit mounting with the included hardware.
Barska DX Series Depository Safes are a great way to safely store cash mail and other important items for short periods of time while awaiting pickup. Hotels gas stations restaurants and any other retail business that deals with large volumes of cash can benefit from the security provided by Barska DX Series Depository Safes. The drop-off door features anti-fishing baffles to prevent access to the contents inside once they are deposited and three solid steel locking bolts will ensure that there is no unauthorized entry to the safe. As an added security feature the DX Series Safes have an option for Dual Pin Access which would require two correct numeric codes to be entered to successfully open the safe. In the event that the PIN code is forgotten or if the battery dies two back-up keys are also included with the Barska DX Series Safes.
- Outer Size: 14"" x 14"" x 20""
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Delivery to Mainland UK is Free of Charge on all purchases no matter what the item cost. Please call us for freight charges Internationally or to anywhere in the EU. We always endeavour to deliver the item(s) to you as fast as possible but of course are constrained by delivery schedules and other delays in the delivery network. We use Parcelforce worldwide and you should normally expect to receive your item(s) within 3 working days. Please call/email us if you require a tracking id no or any other information.
NOW 4 % / £100.00 below RRP!


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE in the project root for license information.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using Microsoft.Common.Core.Services;
using Microsoft.Common.Core.Shell;
using Microsoft.Common.Core.UI.Commands;
using Microsoft.Languages.Editor.BraceMatch;
using Microsoft.Languages.Editor.Controllers.Commands;
using Microsoft.Markdown.Editor.ContentTypes;
using Microsoft.Markdown.Editor.Formatting;
using Microsoft.Markdown.Editor.Preview.Commands;
using Microsoft.Markdown.Editor.Publishing.Commands;
using Microsoft.R.Components.InteractiveWorkflow;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Editor;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Utilities;

namespace Microsoft.Markdown.Editor.Commands {
    [Export(typeof(ICommandFactory))]
    [ContentType(MdContentTypeDefinition.ContentType)]
    internal class MdCommandFactory : ICommandFactory {
        private readonly IServiceContainer _services;
        private readonly IRInteractiveWorkflowProvider _workflowProvider;

        [ImportingConstructor]
        public MdCommandFactory(ICoreShell coreShell) {
            _services = coreShell.Services;
            _workflowProvider = _services.GetService<IRInteractiveWorkflowProvider>();
        }

        public IEnumerable<ICommand> GetCommands(ITextView textView, ITextBuffer textBuffer) {
            var commands = new List<ICommand>() {
                new RunRChunkCommand(textView, _workflowProvider.GetOrCreate()),
                new GotoBraceCommand(textView, textBuffer, _services),
                new PreviewHtmlCommand(textView, _workflowProvider, _services),
                new PreviewPdfCommand(textView, _workflowProvider, _services),
                new PreviewWordCommand(textView, _workflowProvider, _services),
                new AutomaticSyncCommand(textView, _services),
                new RunCurrentChunkCommand(textView, _services),
                new RunAllChunksAboveCommand(textView, _services),
                new ReloadPreviewCommand(textView, _services),
                new FormatDocumentCommand(textView, textBuffer, _services)
            };
            return commands;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Because I never came to be.
And not proper waste disposal.
6 Comments on "A Fetus Speaks"
A lump in the throat and questions in the mind… @Reyvrex_Reyes your words have the power to grasp one by the soul and shake it up!
An unborn life, and terminated thereat, has a vague category where to belong to, either it be just cells or already of human status. Science and Theology could not pinpoint if at which juncture it ceases to be the former and starts to be the latter.
The Editorial board has complimented this immensely talented poet several times and takes pride in including this poignant piece of verse in this section, @Reyvrex_Reyes we have had a long association with you, one which we truly value and know will be a source of reading pleasure to all our visitors and members. Capturing human emotions comes so naturally to you, it is indeed a rare talent!
Thanks EB, just hoping to have lived up to all the impressions and expectations you have of me.
a very beautiful poem indeed , one question though if humans can truly feel the breeze why we had polluted air? can understand nature bounty why clamouring for power? If humans stood awe for life why we had to face the pain ?
@kavita Jain, human nature/desire is such a complicated mystery that has baffled thinkers and philosophers since the dawn of civilization. Theology considers man of a divine spark, although Science just categorize man to belong to the animal kingdom, in contrast to plants or bacteria. Man is capable of benign deeds, think or delineate the abstractions of parapsychology, or do the meanest of deeds no animal could be capable of. He has intentions more than his basic needs. What I will ultimately say is: we will never understand ourselves.


text:
in: Pages using ISBN magic links, Articles needing page number citations, Articles needing page number citations from September 2015,
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014
People from Chakwal District
Pashtun people
Presidents of Pakistan
British Indian Army officers
Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan
Foreign Ministers of Pakistan
Generals of the Bangladesh Liberation War
Generals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Military dictatorships
Pakistani people of Iranian descent
Pakistani generals
Yahya Khan
3rd President of Pakistan
25 March 1969 – 20 December 1971
Nurul Amin
Ayub Khan
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Minister of Foreign Affairs
5 April 1969 – 20 December 1971
Mian Arshad Hussain
Minister of Defence
Afzal Rahman Khan
Chief of Army Staff
18 June 1966 – 20 December 1971
Abdul Hamid Khan
Muhammad Musa
Gul Hassan Khan
(1917-02-04)4 February 1917
Chakwal, Punjab, British India
(now in Punjab, Pakistan)[1]
10 August 1980(1980-08-10) (aged 63)
Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Akleem Akhtar
United States Army Command and General Staff College
British Raj
Service/branch
10th Battalion, Baloch Regiment (PA – 98)
Deputy Chief of General Staff
Chief of General Staff
Deputy Chief of Army Staff
Battles/wars
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Hilal-e-Pakistan
Hilal-i-Jur'at
Nishan-e-Pakistan
Agha Yahya Khan (Urdu: آغا محمد یحیی خان; February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980), was a four-star general officer and politician who served as the 3rd President of Pakistan from 1969 until East Pakistan's secession to Bangladesh in 1971, and Pakistan's defeat in the Indo-Pakistani war of the same year.[2] Serving with distinction in World War II as a British Indian Army officer, Yahya opted for Pakistan in 1947 and became one of the earliest senior local officers in its army. After helping conduct Operation Grand Slam during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, Yahya was made the army's Commander-in-Chief in 1966. Appointed to succeed him by outgoing president Ayub Khan in 1969, Yahya dissolved the government and declared martial law for the second time in Pakistan's history.[2] He held the country's first free and fair elections in 1970, which saw Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Awami League party in East Pakistan win the majority vote. Pressured by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, whose party had won in West Pakistan but had far less votes, Yahya delayed handing over power to Mujib. As civil unrest erupted all over East Pakistan, Yahya initiated Operation Searchlight to quell the rebellion.[3]
With reports of widespread atrocities by the Pakistan Army against Bengali civilians, and counter-killings of Biharis and suspected Pakistani sympathisers by the Mukti Bahini insurgency,[3] the crisis grew deeper under Yahya. In December 1971, regional tensions escalated into the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, with neighbouring India intervening on the side of the Bengali fighters.[4] Pakistan was defeated on 16 December 1971, with 93,000 of its army officers in Dhaka turning prisoners-of-war, and East Pakistan seceding to become Bangladesh. Yahya handed over the presidency to Bhutto and stepped down as army chief in disgrace.[5]
As the new president, Bhutto stripped Yahya of all previous military decorations and placed him under house arrest for most of the 1970s.[5] When Bhutto was overthrown in a military coup in 1977, Yahya was released by General Fazle Haq.[2] He died in 1980.[6] He is viewed largely negatively by Pakistani historians, and is considered among the least successful of the country's leaders.[7]
2 Army career
2.1 Career before becoming commander-in-chief
3 President of Pakistan
4 The last days of Pakistani East Bengal
4.1 The US role
4.2 Fall from power
Yahya Khan was born on 4 February 1917 in Chakwal, in what is now Pakistan. His family descended from the elite soldier class of Nader Shah of Khorasan,[8] who are said to have belonged to the Qizilbash militant group.[9][page needed] Khan is described as a Pathan.
Few Pakistanis knew anything about Yahya Khan when he was vaulted into the presidency two years ago. The stocky, bushy-browed Pathan had been army chief of staff since 1966.[10]
Army career
Khan was commissioned into the Indian Army and served with distinction in World War II, seeing active service in the 4th Infantry Division in the North Africa, Middle East, and Mediterranean theatres of the war, including Iraq, Italy, and North Africa.[2]
Career before becoming commander-in-chief
Upon the formation of Pakistan, Khan helped set up an officer's school in Quetta, and commanded an infantry division during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Immediately after the 1965 war, Major General Yahya Khan who had miserably commanded the 7th Division in Operation Grand Slam to utter disgust (since the change of command from a successfully advancing Maj. General Akhtar Hussain Malik had resulted in a shameful retreat from Akhnoor river bridge) was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General, appointed Deputy Army Commander in Chief and Commander in Chief designate in March 1966. At promotion, Yahya Khan superseded two of his seniors, Lt Gen Altaf Qadir and Lt Gen Bakhtiar Rana.[11]
President of Pakistan
Ayub Khan was President of Pakistan for most of the 1960s, but by the end of the decade, popular resentment had boiled over against him. Pakistan had fallen into a state of disarray, and he handed over power to Yahya Khan on 25 March 1969. In his first nationwide address, Yahya reimposed martial law, saying, "I will not tolerate disorder. Let everyone remain at his post."
The last days of Pakistani East Bengal
Within a year of 28 July 1969 he had set up a framework for elections that were held in December 1970. In East Pakistan, the Awami League (led by Mujibur Rahman) held almost all of the seats, but none in West Pakistan. In West Pakistan, the Pakistan Peoples Party (led by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto) won the lion's share of the seats, but none in East Pakistan. Though Mujib had 162 seats in the National Assembly and Bhutto had 88 of PPP. The election results truly reflected the ugly political reality: the division of the Pakistani electorate along regional lines and political polarization of the country between the two wings, East and West Pakistan. In political terms, therefore, Pakistan as a nation stood divided as a result. Bhutto and Mujib were unable to come to an agreement on the transfer of power from to East Pakistan on the basis of this Six-Point Program. Many felt that the 6 points were a step towards secession. It since emerged that Mujib met Indian diplomats in London according to his daughter in 1969 from where he agreed to secede from Pakistan [12]
Yahya Khan ordered a crack down to restore the writ of the government. Operation Searchlight began on 25 March 1971 and extremely worsend order. However, the gulf between the two wings now was too wide to be bridged. Agitation now transformed into a vicious insurgency as Bengali elements of Pakistani armed Forces and Police mutinied and formed Bangladesh Forces along with common people of all classes to launch both conventional and hit and run operations.[citation needed]
Operation Searchlight ordered by Yahya was a planned military pacification carried out by the Pakistan Army to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in erstwhile East Pakistan in March 1971[13] Ordered by the government in West Pakistan, this was seen as the sequel to Operation Blitz which had been launched in November 1970.
The original plan envisioned taking control of the major cities on 26 March 1971, and then eliminating all opposition, political or military,[14] within one month. The prolonged Bengali resistance was not anticipated by Pakistani planners.[15] The main phase of Operation Searchlight ended with the fall of the last major town in Bengali hands in mid May.
The total number of people killed in East Pakistan is not known with any degree of accuracy. Bangladeshi authorities claim that 3 million people were killed,[16] while the Hamoodur Rahman Commission, an official Pakistan Government investigation, put the figure as low as 26,000 civilian casualties.[17] According to Sarmila Bose, between 50,000 and 100,000 combatants and civilians were killed by both sides during the war.[18] A 2008 British Medical Journal study by Ziad Obermeyer, Christopher J. L. Murray, and Emmanuela Gakidou estimated that up to 269,000 civilians died as a result of the conflict; the authors note that this is far higher than a previous estimate of 58,000 from Uppsala University and the Peace Research Institute, Oslo.[19] According to Serajur Rahman, the official Bangladeshi estimate of "3 lahks" (300,000) was wrongly translated into English as 3 million.[20]
Khan arrested Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on charges of Sedition and appointed Brigadier Rahimuddin Khan (later General) to preside over a special tribunal dealing with Mujib's case. Rahimuddin awarded Mujib the death sentence,[citation needed] and President Yahya put the verdict into abeyance. Yahya's crackdown, however, had led to a Bangladesh Liberation War within Pakistan, and eventually drew India into what would extend into the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The end result was the establishment of Bangladesh as an independent republic. Khan subsequently apologised for his mistakes and voluntarily stepped down.
The US role
As President, Khan helped to establish the communication channel between the United States and the People's Republic of China, which would be used to set up the Nixon trip in 1972.[21]
Pakistan was perceived in the United States as an integral bulwark against Communism in the Cold War. The United States cautiously supported Pakistan during 1971 although congress kept in place an arms embargo.[22] India, with a heavily Socialistic economy, signed a formal alliance with the Soviet Union in August 1971. Moreover, noting that India was using the violence committed by all sides during this Pakistani civil war as a pretext for a possible military intervention, they suspected that India had aggressive intentions.[23]
Kissinger would work to prevent sectarian conflicts in Yemen and Lebanon from devolving into regional wars under Presidents Nixon and Ford. With the Soviet Union already covertly engaged in neighbouring Afghanistan, the Nixon administration used Pakistan to try to deter further Soviet encroachment in the region.[citation needed] Nixon relayed messages to Yahya, urging him to restrain Pakistani forces.[24] His objective was to prevent a war and safeguard Pakistan's interests, though he feared an Indian invasion of West Pakistan that would lead to Indian domination of the sub-continent and strengthen the position of the Soviet Union.[25] Similarly, Yahya Khan feared that an independent Bangladesh could lead to the disintegration of Pakistan. Indian military support for Bengali guerillas led to war between India and Pakistan.[26]
Nixon met with Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and did not believe her assertion that she would not invade Pakistan;[27] he did not trust her and once referred to her as an "old witch".[28] Kissinger maintained that Nixon made specific proposals to Gandhi on a solution for the crisis, some of which she heard for the first time; for example, mutual withdrawal of troops from the Indo-East Pakistan borders. Nixon also expressed a wish to fix a time limit with Yahya for political accommodation in East Pakistan. Nixon asserted that India could count on US endeavours to ease the crisis within a short time. But, both Kissinger and Gandhi aide Jayakar maintained, Gandhi did not respond to these proposals. Kissinger noted that she "listened to what was in fact one of Nixon's better presentations with aloof indifference" but "took up none of the points." Jayakar pointed out that Gandhi listened to Nixon "without a single comment, creating an impregnable space so that no real contact was possible." She also refrained from assuring that India would follow Pakistan's suit if it withdrew from India's borders. As a result, the main agenda was "dropped altogether."[29] On 3 December, Yahya preemptively attacked the Indian Air Force and Gandhi retaliated, pushing into East Pakistan.[30] Nixon issued a statement blaming Pakistan for starting the conflict and blaming India for escalating it[30] because he favored a cease-fire.[31] The United States was secretly encouraging the shipment of military equipment from Iran, Turkey, and Jordan to Pakistan, reimbursing those countries[32] despite Congressional objections.[33] The US used the threat of an aid cut-off to force Pakistan to back down, while its continued military aid to Islamabad prevented India from launching incursions deeper into the country. A cease fire was reached on 16 December, leading to the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh.[34] Sheikh Mujib led the newly established People's Republic of Bangladesh as a one-party, dictatorial state.
The US remained hostile to the Mujib regime, and considered Mujib to be a demagogue. His government's mismanagement of food supplies caused a famine in Bangladesh from March to December 1974, leading to the death of more than one million people. During this famine, the United States objected to Bangladesh's exports of jute to Cuba, and Mujib refused US humanitarian aid for some time. By the time Mujib agreed to end support for Cuba, and the US began shipments of food to Bangladesh, it was "too late for famine victims".[35] The US claims that Mujib's regime committed widespread human rights violations and tortured and executed thousands of dissidents. Nixon and Kissinger argued that these atrocities were far worse than anything Pakistan had committed in Bangladesh.[23]
Fall from power
Later overwhelming public anger over Pakistan's defeat by Bangladeshi rebels and the Indian Army, and the division of Pakistan into two parts boiled into street demonstrations throughout West Pakistan. Rumours of an impending coup d'état by younger army officers against the government of President Mohammed Agha Yahya Khan swept the country. Yahya became the highest-ranking casualty of the war: to forestall further unrest, on 20 December 1971 he handed over power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, age 43, the ambitious leader of West Pakistan's powerful People's Party.
Shortly after Yahya Khan stepped down, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto reversed Rahimuddin Khan's verdict, released Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and saw him off to London. As Pakistani President, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ordered the house arrest of his predecessor, Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan, the man who imprisoned Mujib in the first place. Both actions produced headlines round the world.
Yahya Khan died on 10 August 1980 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
He was known as a heavy drinker, with a preference for whiskey. Khan's close friend and domestic partner during his reign was Akleem Akhtar, otherwise known as General Rani (General's Queen).[36]
List of Pakistani heads of state or government
↑ http://storyofpakistan.com/yahya-khan/
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Tory of Pakistan:Editorial. "Yahya Khan". June 01, 2003. Story of Pakistan Foundation. http://www.storyofpakistan.com/person.asp?perid=P018. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
↑ 3.0 3.1 Shaikh Aziz. "A chapter from history: Yahya Khan's quick action". Dawn Newspapers, December 25, 2011. Dawn Newspapers, December 25, 2011. http://www.dawn.com/2011/12/25/a-chapter-from-history-yahya-khans-quick-action.html. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
↑ Press Release. "http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A070&Pg=1". Story of Pakistan, Final years. http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A070&Pg=1. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
↑ 5.0 5.1 Press Release. "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto becomes President [1971"]. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto becomes President [1971]. http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A071.
↑ Ahmed, Munir (2001). "خان کی کہانی ان کے بیٹے علی یحٰیی کی زبانی" (in Urdu). جنرل محمد یحٰیی خان: شخصیت و سیاسی کردار. Lahore, Pakistan: آصف جاوید برائے نگارشات پبلشرز. p. 240.
↑ Yahya Khan considered major villain within the country - Story of Pakistan
↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan
↑ Democracy, security, and development in India. By Raju G. C. Thomas.
↑ Time Good Soldier Yahya Khan
↑ Brig A.R. Siddiqui. "Army's top slot: the seniority factor" Dawn, 25 April 2004
↑ http://www.pakhistorian.com/?p=498
↑ Sarmila Bose Anatomy of Violence: Analysis of Civil War in East Pakistan in 1971: Military Action: Operation Searchlight Economic and Political Weekly Special Articles, 8 October 2005
↑ Salik, Siddiq, Witness To Surrender, p63, p228-9 id = ISBN 984-05-1373-7
↑ Pakistan Defence Journal, 1977, Vol 2, p2-3
↑ White, Matthew, Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century
↑ Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report, chapter 2, paragraph 33
↑ Jack, Ian, "It's not the arithmetic of genocide that's important. It's that we pay attention", The Guardian, May 20, 2011.
↑ Obermeyer, Ziad, et al., "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", British Medical Jornal, June 2008.
↑ Rahman, Serajur, "Mujib's confusion on Bangladeshi deaths", Letters, The Guardian, May 23, 2011.
↑ Kissinger's Secret Trip to China
↑ Mosleh Uddin. "Personal Prejudice Makes Foreign Policy". Asiaticsociety.org.bd. http://www.asiaticsociety.org.bd/journals/Dec_2008/contents/ABMMoslehuddin.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
↑ 23.0 23.1 "RICHARD NIXON TAPES: Henry Kissinger on Indians & Vietnam Bombings". YouTube. 26 December 1971. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QLCKkMvz8w. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
↑ Black, Conrad (2007), p. 751.
↑ "The Kissinger Tilt". Time. 17 January 1972. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,877618-2,00.html. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
↑ "World: Pakistan: The Ravaging of Golden Bengal". TIME. 2 August 1971. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,878408,00.html. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
↑ Black, Conrad (2007), p. 752
↑ Chowdhury, Debasish Roy (23 June 2005). "'Indians are bastards anyway'". Asia Times. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/south_asia/gf23df04.html. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
↑ Jayakar, Indira Gandhi, p. 232; Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 878 & 881–82.
↑ 30.0 30.1 Black, Conrad (2007), p. 753.
↑ Gandhi, Sajit (16 December 2002). "The Tilt: The U.S. and the South Asian Crisis of 1971". National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 79. National Security Archive. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB79/. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
↑ "Opinion: Devinder Sharma – Famine as commerce". Indiatogether.org. http://www.indiatogether.org/agriculture/opinions/dsharma/faminecommerce.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
↑ "Fakhar-e-Alam: Actor, VJ and Singer". Pakistan Herald. Gibralter Information Technologies. http://pakistanherald.com/Profile/Fakhar-e-Alam-797.
Conrad Black (2008) [2007]. Richard M. Nixon: A Life in Full. New York, NY: PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781586486747.
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Good Soldier Yahya Khan----TIME
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Henry Kissinger and PM China discussed Yahya Khan and 1971 loss
Yahya Khan Is Arrested In Pakistan----Washington Post
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text:
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical, Festival Theatre, Review
Submitted by Kenneth Scott on Wed, 27 Nov '19 6.35pm
Festival Theatre Edinburgh
Simon Friend, Gavin Kalin, Phil McIntyre, Eilene Davidson and Running Subway.
Dr.Seuss [Dr. Seuss Enterprises, LP] (writer), Timothy Mason (book and lyrics), Mel Marvin (composer) [additional music and lyrics Albert Hague and Dr. Seuss], Matt August (director), Christian Drummond (associate director), Bob Richard (choreographer), Jaye Elster (associate choreographer), John Lee Beatty (set designer), Ben Cracknell (lighting designer), Richard Brooker (sound designer), Robert Morgan (costume designer), Richard John (musical director), Michael Starobin (orchestrator), Joshua Rosenblum (Incidental / vocal music arranger), David Krane (dance music arranger), Susan Brandt (associate producer).
Edward Baker-Duly (The Grinch), Steve Fortune (Old Max), Matt Terry (Young Max), Karen Ascoe (Grandma Who), David Bardsley (Granpa Who), Holly Dale Spencer (Mama Who), Alan Pearson (Papa Who), Isla Gie (as seen), Sophie Woods, Eve Corbishley, Bebe Massey (in rotation) Cindy Lou Who, Gregor Fisher (Narrator), Nicola Barney (Annie Who), Nina Bell (Betty Lou), Lydia Bradd (Bugsy), Ana Cardosa (Scallops), Elena Christie (Phyliss), Sophie Leigh-Griffin (Gymslip), Lawrence Guntert (Sporty), Zoe Humphryes (Danny Who), Monifa James (Reno / Rugby), Sarah-Marie Maxwell (Trixie), Craig Nash (Palm Springs), Jessica Pardoe (Auntie), Andrew Pepper (Buzz), Lucy May Pollard (Punky), Callum Train (Timey), Ellen Whitehead (Boo Who). Orchestra – Richard John, Ewan Anderson, Rob Wicks (keyboard), Claire Mcinerney, John Graham, Toby Kelly (reeds), Tom Tait, Kevin Wedrychowski (trumpets), Andy Watson (trombone), Sandy Suchodolski (bass), Kevin Campbell (drums / percussion).
"Every Who down in Whoville liked Christmas a lot, but the Grinch, who lives just north of Whoville did not!"
For 53 years the Grinch has lived a lonely existence, perched 3000 feet up Mount Crumpit. He is one of a kind, without kinfolk, family or friends. And each passing year has seen him grow to hate a certain season more and more. He can't bring himself to utter the C word, such does he hate Christmas, perhaps for a number of reasons, but the best guess is that his heart is two sizes too small.
With the festivities approaching he can hear the sounds of the warm-hearted residents of Whoville carolling and making merry, busy with all their preparations. He must stop it, banish it forever, but how?
The story is told by Max, now an older and wiser dog, who was the Grinch's only companion. We see him as his younger self, his puppyish devotion spurned by his master who keeps him on a tight lead.
The town is full of noise and toys, shopping, cooking and feasting, fit to give the Grinch conniptions, but it also sparks a wonderfully rotten idea. A visit by Saint Nick will take on a different meaning as the Grinch descends upon the unsuspecting Whos.
Only kind hearted little Cindy Lou, awaking from a nightmare, stands in his way to perhaps convince the Grinch that Christmas "means a little bit more".
The story is, of course, based on the writings of Dr. Seuss, or Theodor Seuss Geisel to give him his full name. The American children's author, political cartoonist, illustrator, poet, animator, screenwriter, and filmmaker wrote more than 60 books, selling many hundreds of millions of copies worldwide and which have spun off into TV adaptations, films and musicals. The original of this work broke box office records for two consecutive years on Broadway.
It is told in the trademark rhyming verse of the books and the set captures their art style with sketchy, cartoon-like flats of the buildings, scenery and props. The characters are in contrast an eye-popping 3d, costumed to produce strange body shapes and topped off with extravagant coiffed hair.
As well as looking good it is nicely performed, the Grinch capturing more than a little of the Jim Carrey persona from the movie and the challenging role of Cindy Lou pulled off by Isla Gie with aplomb. There is a light dusting of panto and a few updates to its more than six-decade age. While the cast are named, all those other than the main characters become an ensemble. The start is a slow burn (or thaw) with narrator Gregor Fisher appearing casually dressed before the curtain, seemingly confused as to why he is reading half the story we are about to see played out.
Like Scrooge, The Grinch holds a mirror up to the real meaning of Christmas.
Bright, colourful and enthusiastically told – you would need to be a Grinch not to be warmed by it.
Show times: 26 November to 1 December 2019 at 7.30pm (excl. Sunday); Friday matinee 2.30pm; Saturday matinees 11am and 2.30pm; Sunday matinees 1pm and 4pm.
Tickets: £28 to £48.
Accessibility: Captioning 28th; BSL and audio description 29th (7.30pm).
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text:
Q: ./path of file to execute not executing I am trying to execute  matlab from desktop path of file is
      /usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/matlab

executing      ./usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/matlab
also tried     .//usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/matlab
and      ./ /usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/matlab
          how it works?

A: Just run /usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/matlab to access the binary via the full path otherwise you will run try to run it via the relative path: <CURRENT DIR>/usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/matlab if you put a . before.
You can also change the add /usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/ to your path variable in order to be able to execute the command matlab without having to specify its whole path each time.
Also change your ~/.bashrc file and add PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin to be able to keep those change after a reboot and just run matlab


Best area to stay in Lanciano?
Do you live in Lanciano, Italy? Help us verify the data and let us know if you see any information that needs to be changed or updated.
The current time and date in Lanciano is 8:28 PM on Friday, April 19, 2019.


Students and staff at a secondary school in Roscommon were evacuated from the building this morning due to a bomb scare.
The incident occurred at St Nathy's College in Ballaghaderreen, Co. Roscommon , reports the Irish Daily Mirror.
Gardai in Castlerea are investigating the incident, and the exact reason for the whole school evacuation remains unclear.
The school is one of the largest in Co. Roscommon . It is attended by over 700 students and has dozens of staff.
It is believed that several school buses were told to turn around and bring the students home. But, it is also understood that that the bomb scare was reportedly a hoax.
Junior and Leaving Certificate mock examinations were to be held in the school this week.


Become one with the machine by locking in your body for better handling and more control, thanks to a narrow racing seat, specially angled footwell wedges and adjustable ergonomic steering (A.E.S.).
The race-inspired design is built around the performance rider. Every element has been engineered to make your ride faster, more exciting and more effortless. The design has been showered with accolades, and it's built to do the same for the rider.
With a quick glance at the X-Gauge, you can view your speedometer, check your lap time, and get a read on your engine's maximum performance from the handy Boost Indicator.


Applications for 2019 UK Apprenticeship will close soon.
If you have applied and you have any queries about your qualifications, please don't hesitate to contact us at apprentices@airbus.com.
At Airbus, our people work with passion and determination to build and create amazing products – perhaps an aircraft you may already have flown on, or the satellites that help keep you connected! So, we're looking for people who have a passion for learning and want to work in an industry that's always looking to the future.
The highly technical nature of the aerospace industry has created a huge demand for skilled and qualified specialists in the UK. That's why at Airbus, we have carefully designed our apprenticeship programme to give you valuable practical training while you complete your college or university studies.
We want to make sure you find a programme that is right for you, so there are many entry options for you to choose from depending on your level of educational achievement, abilities and interests.
Our programmes last from three to five years and have one thing in common. They provide a clear route for you to make your career fly at Airbus. And we haven't told you the best part yet: you also get to represent Airbus at a wide variety of events such as air shows, careers events and schools' liaison activities, so you can tell people about what you do.
We want to make sure you have a promising career ahead of you at Airbus. That's why by the end of a three- or four-year period you'll not only gain hands-on industry experience but also receive a BEng Honours Degree in Aerospace Engineering from one of our partner universities. Therefore, you get to go to university and get paid.
At least two A Levels (or equivalent) at grade B or above in Maths and grade C or above in Physics or Chemistry. An Engineering Level 3 qualification at triple Distinction grade can be accepted as an alternative to A Levels.
A minimum of six GSCEs (or equivalent) at grade C or 4 which should include Maths, English Language and Science (core and additional). If your Science qualification was taken as single subjects, one of these must be Physics. Equivalent qualifications will be considered.
The engineering course will take place at a local partnered college accredited by our university partners: Swansea University (for Broughton apprentices) and the University of the West of England (for Filton apprentices).
Our apprenticeship programmes are structured around what you love to do. That's why we offer two different business apprenticeship programmes, one focusing on industrialisation and business support, and the other on supply chain functions. The apprenticeship lasts three to four years and ensures you gain both academic knowledge and on-the-job experience at our Airbus site in Broughton, North Wales.
At Airbus you'll get the opportunity to choose how far you want your apprenticeship to take you. Our apprentices' study towards ILM Level 4 Diploma in Principles of Leadership and Management and ILM Level 4 NVQ Diploma in Management. Depending on your programme, the apprenticeship can also lead to a degree (Fd SC/BSc Applied Business Management). Professional accreditation can be achieved with the CMI (Chartered Management Institute) or, for supply chain, with CIPS (Chartered Institute of Purchasing & Supply) Certificate Level 5 (with the option to go to Level 6 which is equivalent to a degree).
Two A Levels at grade B (one in Business Studies and the other in a subject such as IT, Economics, English Language, Maths or Welsh Baccalaureate (grade B). Alternatively, a Business BTEC Extended Diploma minimum triple Distinction.
A minimum of six GCSEs at grade C or 4 including Maths, English and Science (core and additional).
The business course will take place at Swansea University and Coleg Cambria. If you are on the supply chain programme, then you will study at Bangor University and Coleg Cambria.
When you join this four-year programme, you will not only achieve a BSc Honours Degree in Digital and Technical Solutions but also gain valuable professional working experience. You'll also work with a talented and innovative multi-disciplinary team on exciting products and solutions to keep the Airbus IT industrial landscape running smoothly, reliably and efficiently.
At least three A Levels (or equivalent) at grade B or above, preferably in subjects such as Maths and IT. A BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma with minimum triple Distinction can be accepted as an alternative to A Levels.
A minimum of six GCSEs (or equivalent) at grade C or 4 which should include Maths, English Language and Science (core and additional). If your Science qualification was taken as single subjects, one of these must be Physics.
The degree will be taught at Weston College and it will be provided by the University of the West of England.
Interested in a career in finance? Then you'll be a perfect fit for the finance apprenticeship at Airbus. You will study towards a Level 4 apprenticeship in Professional Accounting, followed by a Level 7 apprenticeship as an Accountancy and Taxation Professional. This will lead on to degree-equivalent certification and professional accreditation with CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants).
At least three A levels (or equivalent) at grade B or above in Maths and two other related subjects such as Further Maths, Economics, Business Studies or IT.
Six GCSEs (or equivalent) at grade C or 4 including Maths, English and Science (Core and Additional).
Your qualifications will be accredited and awarded by BPP University and delivered via a combination of online and on-site study methods.
This is not just an apprenticeship, it is also your opportunity to become one of the skilled craftspeople working hands-on with our exciting and innovative products. There are five pathways to our craft apprenticeships: Aero Structures, Aero Systems, Plant Service Centre, Machining or Mechanical and Electrical. No matter which programme you choose, you'll gain academic knowledge, practical training and experience while earning a regular salary the whole time.
Joining our Aero Structures craft apprenticeship will enable you to become a skilled aircraft fitter. You will get to be part of exciting projects and work on drill off and assembly of both metallic and composite components to produce the wing box structure.
This programme will lead to NVQ Extended Diploma (Aeronautical Engineering) Level 3 and a National Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering.
Grade C or 4 in Maths, English Language and Science (core and additional). If your Science qualification was taken as single subjects, one of these must be Physics.
Through our Aero Systems craft apprenticeship, you will become a skilled aircraft systems fitter, working on exciting projects that involve installing and testing the aircraft flying controls, fuel and electrical systems.
You will study towards NVQ Extended Diploma (Aeronautical Engineering) plus an Additional Electrical Unit Level 3, as well as a National Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering plus two Additional Electrical Modules.
Grade B or 6 in Maths or, alternatively, a grade C or 4 in Maths with a BTEC Level 2 in Engineering.
Grade C or 4 in English Language and Science (core and additional). If your Science qualification was taken as single subjects, one of these must be Physics.
If you like the idea of working with machinery, this programme will lead you to becoming a skilled machinist working on CNC machines, manufacturing skin panels and stringers for various Airbus commercial aircraft.
This programme leads to NVQ Extended Diploma (Engineering Manufacture) Level 3 and a National Diploma in Engineering Manufacture.
This is your chance to become either a skilled electrical maintenance fitter or a skilled tool room machinist/fitter, specialising in the service and support of the plant's production machinery and tooling.
Both programmes lead to NVQ Extended Diploma (Engineering Maintenance or Mechanical Manufacture) Level 3 plus a Subsidiary Diploma in Engineering and an HNC in Electrical or Mechanical Engineering.
This programme is your first step towards becoming either a skilled aircraft fitter or a skilled wind tunnel technician. Through the three-year programme, you will gain a BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering and an NVQ Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering. On-site work will be carried out in the A400M manufacturing plant at Airbus Filton.
Grade C or 4 in Maths, English Language and Science. If Science was taken as single subjects, one of these must be Physics.
The course will take place at a local partnered college.
As a customer services engineering apprentice, you will get to work with our talented team of professionals. You will be responsible for any Airbus aircraft across the whole fleet, supporting both current production aircraft and an ageing fleet, as well as providing technical support to both suppliers and internal customer services colleagues. That's because when you complete an apprenticeship with Airbus, we want to make sure you are absolutely ready for the next stage of your exciting career with us.
As a Customer Services Engineering Apprentice at Airbus, you will gain a BTEC Level 3 Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering and get a Level 3 NVQ Extended Diploma in Engineering Technical Support.
Five GCSEs at Grade C or 4, which must include Maths, English Language and Science. If Science was taken as single subjects, one of these must be Physics.
The study element of this apprenticeship will take place at a local partnered college.
Airbus is Europe's number one defence and space enterprise, so what better way to start your technical apprenticeship than with an industry leader.
Being a Technical Apprentice at Airbus means you'll get to see yourself develop both mechanically and electrically within a three-year period. You will be immersed in a stimulating manufacturing environment based at our Stevenage site. Over the course of the apprenticeship, you will study towards a minimum of BTEC L3 and a maximum of HNC L4 level, depending on your prior educational attainment.
At least five GCSEs (achieved or predicted) including a Grade 5/6 (B) in Maths and English.
Passion for engineering, which you will be able to demonstrate through your educational choices or hobbies. For example, you may have been part of an engineering club at school or perhaps you enjoy fixing mechanical and electrical things in your spare time.
The study element of this apprenticeship will take place at Oaklands College.
This apprenticeship is only available from Airbus Helicopters. It trains licenced aircraft technicians qualified by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). There are two types of licensed aircraft technicians: B1 – engineers of the mechanical trade and B2 – engineers of the avionic trade. We train apprentices of both trades and they broadly follow the same program. Both will end up EASA Part 66 qualified, the B1 apprentices achieving additionally a National Certificate in Mechanical engineering and the B2 apprentices achieving a National Certificate in Electrical.
Apprentices are employed in blocks of four every other year and therefore we often have up to 12 apprentices in the programme at various stages. At the end of the apprenticeship, you will be a licensed aircraft maintenance technician with several "Type Ratings" on our helicopters.
Year 1: The apprentice studies "Performing Engineering Operations" – four days each week attending the Abingdon & Witney College. On the fifth day each week, they study for the 'National Certificate' at the same college. They also attend two short courses arranged by ISIS Training Ltd. – "Employment Rights and Responsibilities" and "Key Skills".
Year 2: During the second year, the apprentice is employed in company carrying out aircraft work. The apprentice continues with the National Certificate one day each week. They also begin the NVQ level three.
Year 3: During the third year, the apprentice finishes the National Certificate and the NVQ and continues employment in company working on aircraft. They also begin the EASA Part 66 module training carried out in house by the ECUK Training Centre.
Years 4 and 5: During the fourth and fifth years, the apprentice spends time in different departments within the company and continues with the EASA Part 66 examination modules.
The minimum entry qualifications for our engineering apprentices are grade B GSCE in Maths and Physics and grade C in English.
Optional participation in company share purchase schemes.
Opportunities to help the local community (such as charity work and school volunteering).
We want you to tell us about yourself in your application, so here is some useful information to help you.
At Airbus, quality is always a priority. We will be selecting applicants based on their qualifications and the quality of their applications. So please take time to ensure your application is great, and remember that once you have submitted your application, you will not be able to make further amends.
The process begins in our "Candidate Cockpit". You can return to this location at any time to continue or complete your application or change personal details such as your phone number or address. If unfortunately, you decide not to proceed, you can withdraw your application at any time. All you need is your username and password to log in.
Remember to upload a CV with your application.
Please note: if you are still at school or have not been in education since school, then you will need to select "X-Schools UK" from the drop-down box in the Education tab. You can then manually input your school in the "Educational Establishment" free text box.
In the UK, Airbus offers a range of apprenticeship opportunities to all candidates who meet the Airbus apprenticeship entry requirements. Should you be successful during the Recruitment and Selection process, you will be legally required to provide evidence of your right to work in the UK.
Our apprenticeship roles do not meet the minimum requirements set by UK Visas & Immigration to enable sponsorship of migrant workers. Therefore, we cannot progress applications from those who require sponsorship to work in the UK.
We recommend that you review the available options to come to the UK on the Home Office website link.
We always correspond via email, so please make sure you provide the right email address with your application and regularly check your inbox for any messages from us. Don't forget to keep an eye on your spam filters now and again to make sure none of our emails slip through the net.
Please note: if you return to the candidate cockpit, you will see there are new areas for you to fill in information. This is only relevant if you have released your profile and you want to be considered for other vacancies within Airbus.
During the first year of the programme, all our UK apprentices and selected apprentices from France and Germany will spend a week on an Outward-Bound course in the Lake District. We have packed the week with a lot of fun activities, so you'll have a great time orienteering, raft building and mountaineering, and you'll learn to plan and present. By the end of the course, you will get a complete understanding of our values. This will help in your future development and career.
At Airbus, we have a talented and diverse team, so intercultural awareness among employees is essential to our business. All our apprentices join our Intercultural Competencies Programme, which offers specific training and the chance to apply for a placement at one of our sites in Europe.


Bargains and selection...what more can I say?
The staff is friendly and knowledgeable. Are willing to take the extra time to explain the drugs usage an any and all side effects to you.
Store always has worse selection than the surrounding cities. Just your average smalltown wal-mart.
I wish they had a little more to choose from but for the size of the operation it is pretty good and the girl that helped me was really nice and helpful. I couldn't see anything because my eyes were dilated and she put up with me asking her how much 10 different pairs of glasses were.
James at Wal-Mart vision center on skyline drive in conway , he was very helpful, new his business, he helped my wife and I both selecting frames and sizing. Very very professional.
absolutely the worst attitude people. cant believe people like that have a jobs dealing with people. I had to walk out there is no way I would give them my business.
Awful Service, Very Snotty Employees and Snotty Optometrist.
The first time we went here they were some of the most rude people i've ever met. They acted like they were to good to help us, even though they get paid too. They took forever to get to us and our order wasn't even on time. Then, we went to walmart to get a few things and one of those was contact solution, but their remodeling and we couldnt find it so we went there to see if they knew where we could get it. The lady up front in the eyeglass part made me want to give a her a very large portion of my mind, but instead I decided to hold my tongue and write this negative review and tell everyone I know not to go there. My husband walked up to her after she had turned the lights on for another customer, but she was closing off the ropes. He said ma'am, and her horrible response was, "there are certain things that i can talk about right now, and certain things that i can't. So he said, well i just have one question, do you know where i can find the contact solution?" And she said "Go ask the pharmicist." We will never use them again. Ever. Ever. I'd rather pay a little more just for good service.