The article examines the impact of globalization on personal life and work trajectories and the ensuing changes in the social models of inequalities in modern societies. Presented are the results of international research projects in which the development of life trajectories in the course of globalization are empirically traced for the first time. The authors show that globalization has different impacts during different phases of the life trajectory: while the life careers of men around the middle of their professional life prove, to a great extent, stable, serious changes are liable to occur foremost for young people at the start of their careers, women in the middle of their lives, and people in pre-retirement age. The authors demonstrate that the change provoked by the pressure of globalization does not lead to the same results in all modern societies. Rather, this process is "filtered" for each country through the respective national institutional structures, which in turn shape and influence in different ways the personal life trajectories and the social structures of inequalities in modern societies: while Scandinavian countries manage to limit the growing social inequalities in the course of globalization by means of the social commitment of the state, in other social regimes inequalities are growing between those included and excluded from the labour market (conservative and southern European countries), and between people occupied with different individual resources (the liberal countries).
The article analyzes the impact on the social structure of the educational expansion at the top of the educational pyramid, which consists in a wider access to higher education since 1989. The analysis places Bulgaria in a comparative European perspective in tracing the trends in the vertical structure by education. The explanatory part of the article stresses the importance of social origin, gender, ethnicity, and age with respect to the access to higher education. In the conclusion, the author problematizes the equality of educational opportunities in access to higher education in the context of the currently applied private co-financing of education and the ineffective legal possibility for using bank loans guaranteed by the state.
The article examines the educational differences in Germany and in other countries in terms of distribution of competencies and certificates. It is made clear that people from strata with lower educational status, people of migrant origin, and young men attain lower levels of competence and certificates. The educational federalism in Germany is the cause of marked regional differences. These findings are of great social-political significance, for educational results have a serious influence on integration in the labour market, participation in political life, personal well-being, and health. With regard to the educational results in the international aspect, Germany occupies an intermediate position. Comparison also shows that the levels of competency do not overlap with the obtained diplomas of completed education. The dependencies in the connection between competencies and certificates is still an open research issue.
This article summarizes the results of a large-scale comparative study on the social selectivity of education attainment in Central and Eastern European (CEE). CEE countries provide an interesting case study in view of their variation in processes of post-secondary education expansion and differentiation as well as their degree of vocational orientation at the secondary level. Drawing on high quality, national micro data, we find that students from disadvantaged family backgrounds who manage to enter post-secondary education are 'diverted' to second-tier post-secondary institutions, while long-term university programs are more dominated by students whose parents have an academic background. At the secondary level, we confirm the pattern of negative selection of students from lower social backgrounds into lower voca- tional programs, which is well known for Western European countries. Interestingly, this diversion effect at the secondary level is especially pronounced in CEE countries that inherited a strong secondary vocational system and reinstalled early tracking.
The paper defines educational markets based on the major divisions existing in the school system like 1) public vs. private; 2) tracking either by academic vs. vocational curriculum or by ability; and 3) schools' practice regarding admittance of students. It is assumed that sector of schools, tracking practice as well as admittance rules create a 'market', put the schools into various positions in the educational 'field' and parents consider these options when deciding about school choice. In addition to this 'input-effect' leading most probably to differences in school composition regarding social background of the pupils, there is also an 'output-effect', namely that school's position in the market has an impact on students' school performance.
The paper investigates the statistical relationship between parental background and type of school, the offspring attend. It is assumed that parents with higher status prefer to choose schools with stronger academic curriculum, using academic criteria to select students, belonging to private sector and applying some ability grouping. Moreover, the paper estimates the impact of the school's market position on the performance of their students. It is expected that pupils will perform better in schools with stronger academic curriculum, in the private sector, applying some practice for selection based on previous qualification and grouping the students by ability.
The paper uses the data form the PISA 2006 survey. The analysis on the odds of school choice confirms the assumptions with the exception of ability tracking. For the impact of the various market-characteristics on performance most of the assumptions are verified but ability grouping does not improve achievement. Applying interaction terms, shows that students from high status families benefit more from the education market with the exception of the religious schools.
This article investigates how social disparities in attending Gymnasium and qualifying for higher education in Germany have developed since the early 20th century. It discusses changes in institutional and structural conditions over time, and outlines their theoretical implications for primary and secondary social disparities in access to higher education. Analyses based on data from various representative population surveys and many years of Microcensus data then show how the influence of social origin on access to higher education declined for both men and women in different historical periods. Recent data show that women's educational participation is less dependent on social origin than men's. This finding partially explains why more women than men now obtain higher education.
During Post-Socialism social and economic inequalities among the largest ethnic groups in Bulgaria (ethnic Bulgarians, Bulgarian Turks and Roma) augmented significantly. This fact is often explained with cultural differences. NSI data, the 2007 International survey on inequalities (EUREQUAL) and the data from European Value Survey (2008) allow us to examine an extensive body of empirical evidence relating ethnic inequalities in the country. The author is examining the role of ethnicity on ethnic groups' education and on the life chances of ethnic Bulgarians, Bulgarian Turks and Roma. Comparative analysis of the beliefs and values of these three largest ethnic communities confirms the claim that culture does matter. But the comparative data suggest that the exclusion from labour market and from political and social spheres matters much more than religion and culture when we try to understand political, moral, and gender differences. On the other hand, ethnicity in the 'nationalizing national state' is a major factor for minorities' economic and social exclusion. The aborted process of replacement of the model of nation from ethnic to a political one, together with the prolonged economic crisis, enforced the role of ethnicity on the construction of inequalities and on social exclusion of the largest minority groups in the country.
The article presents the analysis of part of the empirical information gathered in a study of social inequalities of one post-socialist Sofia neighbourhood. The main aim of the study is to test, on a Bulgarian field, Bourdieu's theoretical construct regarding the interaction between structures of social space and those of physical space. The challenge for the research team was to establish and understand how social space is objectified in a physical space that is interrupted by closed streets, is broken down and distorted in its scale in the 'prestigious' neighbourhood of Dragalevtsi, what the relations are between the inhabitants of the new luxurious houses, the refurbished country houses from socialist times, and the small, tumble-down houses, which serve as a reminder that Dragalevtsi was once a poor village. Are these seemingly drastic social differences experienced dramatically as relations of inequality, to what extent do these experiences generate critical discourse and action for restructuring the established order of differences? The authors understand 'social inequality' as a practical discourse by which a given society criticizes itself, hence as one of the key tools of modern society for practical critique and self-critique of the established structures; the authors argue that this is a case of an order of differences that draws its legitimacy from the fact that the people excluded from access to public goods and services voluntarily forgo to use one of the tools of critique and self-critique provided by modern social orders.
In this text I analyse the discourse of the 'supernatural' in Bulgaria of the early 1990s in relation with the broader social context of those years and show what type of experience of this broader context it reveals. Contrary to my initial hypothesis that interest in the 'supernatural' was a symptom of a crisis of life orientation due to the loss of certain intuitions with the collapse of the regime, I found this discourse rather to be a continuation of certain assumptions of totalitarian propaganda and its rhetoric. What is characteristic of this discourse is its playing with the norm of rationality – the explanatory models set as 'rational' and the language in which they are set. A norm established by the propaganda of the totalitarian regime and embodied in its institutions through which the discourse of the Supernatural seeks to legitimate itself. My research is based on the press of that period as well as on semi-structured interviews conducted by the author.
The paper discusses crime in a black neighborhood in Washington, DC and strives to explain why a large part of prisoners in the United States are African Americans. There is elaboration on the two major explanations: 1) structural explanation – African Americans are incarcerated in greater rates because of the remnants of racial discrimination, due to racial barriers that contribute a great part of blacks to live in poverty; 2) cultural explanation – African Americans create "culture of resistance", interpret the mainstream white American society as hostile and reject its values.
The rising levels of deviation and even crime during the last few years, spreading through different spheres of the social life, are attracting the researchers' attention more and more often. Some authors (Adler and Adler 2006), are even talking about deviant societies. Agreeing with Adler and Adler, in our article we are suggesting the research of one spontaneous mechanism for the development of deviant societies from bottom to top. We focus on the empirical example of the corruption which is used by the organized crime dealing with human trafficking. "Infecting" representatives of circles of different institutions, they build unofficial networks with which the criminal organizations are expanding. Thus a process of transformation of various institutions is taking place, leading to criminalizing of social systems.
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Today I am talking about a lavalier microphone that plugs directly into your smartphones 3.5mm jack; the Rode SmartLav+ Smartphone Lav Mic.
My main concern with purchasing a 3.5mm TRRS microphone, like the smartLav+ is the potential for 3.5mm jacks disappearing from more smart phones in the future. If you are planning on upgrading to an iPhone 7 or any phone that has removed the 3.5mm jack, then this is not the microphone for you.
The build quality of this mic feels pretty nice. The majority is plastic, but it has a nice reinforced joint where the cable meets the microphone, so I wouldn't be too worried about the cable shorting out. The windscreen is sufficient, and the microphone clip feels really nice, and provides a really nice option to route your mic cable to avoid unnecessary strain.
The microphone only sounded decent when it was attached to my lapel. When I placed the microphone on the center of my shirt, it sounded much clearer, but still a little dull. This could be easily remedied with a quick EQ. When comparing it to a similar lavalier microphone that is only $40, I heard almost no difference, but this could be attributed to the fact that both mics were being run through the Rode Rec app.
This is only a decent microphone. It has a decent build quality but the audio quality leaves a bit to be desired. I also plan on upgrading to a new phone that has done away with the 3.5mm TRRS jack, so this mic will be obsolete if this trend continues.
I would only really recommend this if you are a Rode mic purist, or if you want a mic that plugs directly into your smartphone with no adapters needed. Other than that, I don't think it performs at a level that justifies the $80 price tag. You can pick up a microphone for half the price along with a TRRS adapter and have the same quality audio.


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Title of application:
Electric steering lock device
Alpha Corporation
Opponent name:
VALEO SECURITE HABITACLE SAS
Headnote:
Relevant legal provisions:
Added subject-matter (main request, aux. requests 1,2,3: yes)
Admissibility (aux. requests 4,5,6: no)
Inventive step (aux. request 7 : yes)
Admissibility of new line of argument on inventive step (no)
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Cited decisions:
Citing decisions:
Summary of Facts and Submissions
I. European patent No. 2 065 266 was revoked by the decision of the Opposition Division dated 13 August 2013. On 21 October 2013 an appeal was lodged by the Patentee against this decision and the appeal fee was paid at the same time. The statement of grounds of appeal was filed on 23 December 2013.
II. Oral proceedings were held on 8 June 2016. The Appellant (Patentee) requested that the impugned decision be set aside and that the patent be maintained as granted (main request) or, in the alternative, that the patent be maintained in amended form on the basis of auxiliary requests 1 to 3 (filed on 23 December 2013 with the statement of grounds of appeal), or on the basis of auxiliary request 4 (filed on 6 May 2016), or on the basis of auxiliary requests 5 to 7 (filed on 8 June 2016 during oral proceedings). The Respondent (Opponent) requested that the appeal be dismissed.
III. Claim 1 as granted (main request) reads as follows:
"An electric steering lock device (1A) comprising:
a rotating body (8) that is driven by a driving source (6) to rotate in an unlocking direction and a locking direction;
a first cam section (9) and a second cam section (10A) provided in the rotating body (8);
a lock member (11A) that follows the first cam section (9) to be displaced between a lock position at which the rotation of a steering shaft is blocked and an unlock position at which the rotation of the steering shaft is allowed;
a housing (3) and a cover (2) that form a part accommodation room for accommodating the rotating body (8), the first cam section (9), the second cam section (10A) and the lock member (11A), and
a slide member (12) that slides, while following the second cam section (10A), so as to be able to be engaged with or disengaged from the lock member (11A), characterized in that
the lock member (11A) follows the first cam section to be displaced in a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the first cam section (9);
when the lock member (11A) is positioned at the lock position or the unlock position, the slide member (12) is structured to be positioned at a retention position at which the lock member (11A) is blocked from being moved to the unlocked position, and
when the lock member (11A) is located between the unlock position and the lock position the slide member (12) is structured to be positioned at a waiting position at which the lock member (11A) is allowed to move."
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 1 differs from claim 1 of the main request in that the wording "slide member" was everywhere replaced by "lever member", the wording "when the lock member (11A) is positioned at the lock position or the unlock position, the slide member (12) is structured to be positioned at a retention position at which the lock member (11A) is blocked from being moved to the unlocked position" was replaced by "when the lock member (11A) is positioned at the lock position, the lever member (12) is structured to be positioned at a retention position at which the lock member (11A) is blocked from being moved to the unlocked position, when the lock member (11A) is positioned at the unlock position, the lever member (12) is structured to be positioned at a retention position at which the lock member (11A) is blocked from being moved", and the wording "characterized in that" was replaced by "wherein".
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 2 differs from claim 1 of auxiliary request 1 in that the wording "a lever member (12) that slides" was replaced by "a lever member (12) that slides in a linear direction".
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 3 differs from claim 1 of auxiliary request 2 in that the wording "a lock member (11A) that follows the first cam section (9) to be displaced" was replaced by "a lock member (11A) that follows the first cam section (9) to be displaced in a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the first cam section (9)", the wording "a lever member (12) that slides in a linear direction" was replaced by "a lever member (12) that slides in a linear direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the second cam section (10A) and orthogonal to the direction in which the lock member (11A) is displaced", and the wording "wherein the lock member (11A) follows the first cam section to be displaced in a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the first cam section (9);" was replaced by "wherein".
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 4 differs from claim 1 of auxiliary request 3 in that the wording "to be displaced in a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the first cam section (9)" was replaced by "to be displaced in a vertical direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the first cam section (9)", the wording "a lever member (12) that slides in a linear direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the second cam section (10A)" was replaced by "a lever member (12) that slides in a linear, horizontal direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the second cam section (10A)", and the wording "wherein" was replaced by "wherein the lock member (11A) is composed of a flat rod section (13A) that has a flat plate-like shape and that has a cam engagement section (14) that is protruded in the horizontal direction from an upper side of the flat rod section (13A), and a shaft-locking protrusion (15) that is provided at a lower end of the flat rod section (13A),".
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 5 differs from claim 1 of auxiliary request 4 in that the wording "rotation axis of the first cam section (9)" and the wording "rotation axis of the second cam section (10A)" both were replaced by the wording "rotation axis of the rotating body", the wording "at a lower end of the flat rod section (13A)," was replaced by "at a lower end of the flat rod section (13A); at one side face of the flat rod section (13A), a lock retention engagement groove (16) and an unlock retention engagement groove (16A) which are extending in a direction orthogonal to a moving direction of the lock member (11A), are provided with a predetermined distance therebetween, the lever member (12) is composed of a flat plate section (18) that has one end engaged with the second cam section (10) and includes an engagement piece (19) at a right angle from one side of this flat plate section (18),", the wording "at the lock position, the lever member (12) is structured to be positioned at retention position at which" was replaced by "at the lock position, the engagement piece (19) of the lever member (12) is structured to be engaged with the lock retention engagement groove (16) such that", and the wording "at the unlock position, the lever member (12) is structured to be positioned at a retention position at which" was replaced by "at the unlock position, the engagement piece (19) of the lever member (12) is structured to be engaged with the unlock retention engagement groove (16A) such that".
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 6 differs from claim 1 of auxiliary request 5 in that the the wording "rotating body (8)" was replaced by the wording "worm wheel (8)", the wording "driven by a driving source (6)" was replaced by "driven by a worm gear (7) fixed to a rotation axis (6a) of a motor (6)", the wording "a first cam section (9) and a second cam section (10A) provided in the rotating body (8);" was replaced by "a first cam section (9) that is integrated with the worm wheel (8) and a second cam section (10A) that is integrated with the worm wheel (8);", the wording "rotation axis of the rotating body" was replaced by the wording "rotation axis of the worm wheel", the wording "the first cam section (9), the second cam section (10A), and the lock member (11A), and" was replaced by "the first cam section (9), the second cam section (10A), and the lock member (11A), a drive housing unit (4) and a drive unit cover (5) that are accommodated in the part accommodation room and that further form a drive unit room at the interior thereof, the motor (6), the worm gear (7), the worm wheel (8), the first cam section (9) and the second cam section (10A) being provided in the drive unit room, and", the wording "a flat rod section (13A) that has a flat plate-like shape and that has a cam engagement section (14)" was replaced by "a flat rod section (13A) that has a flat plate-like shape and that has a spring-receiving face (13a) formed by a notch, a cam engagement section (14)", the wording "are provided with a predetermined distance therebetween," was replaced by "are provided with a predetermined distance therebetween, the shaft locking protrusion (15) provided in the lock member (11A) is protruded out of a through hole (3a) provided in the housing (3) to the outside, and the spring-receiving face (13a) and the cover (2) have therebetween a first coil-spring (17) whose spring force urges the lock member (11A) in a direction so as to press the first cam section (9) in the locking direction;", and the wording "the lever member (12) is composed of a flat plate section (18) that has one end engaged with the second cam section (10) and includes an engagement piece (19) at a right angle from one side of this flat plate section (18)," was replaced by "the lever member (12) is composed of a flat plate section (18) that has one end engaged with the second cam section (10) and that is movably provided in the horizontal direction, and an engagement piece (19) at a right angle from one side of this flat plate section (18);".
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 7 differs from claim 1 of auxiliary request 6 in that the wording "a first cam section (9) that is integrated with the worm wheel (8) and a second cam section (10A) that is integrated with the worm wheel (8)" was replaced by the wording "a first cam section (9) that is integrated with one face of the worm wheel (8) and a second cam section (10A) that is integrated with the other face of the worm wheel (8)", and the wording "and an engagement piece (19) at a right angle from one side" was replaced by "and an engagement piece (19) that is bent with a right angle from one side".
IV. The Appellant's submissions may be summarized as follows:
The subject-matter of claim 1 as granted according to the main request, and to auxiliary requests 1 and 2, does not introduce added subject-matter (Article 100(c) EPC and 123(2) EPC) since the feature reading "the lock member (11A) follows the first cam section (9) to be displaced in a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the first cam section (9)" (hereinafter designated as feature (i)) does not extend beyond the content of the application as filed (see published patent application, hereinafter designated as EP-A). In particular, said feature is directly and unambiguously derivable from figures 6A-6D, 9,10, 14A-14C of EP-A (or equivalently of the published patent specification, hereinafter designated as EP-B) such that no additional information (beyond that included in the application as filed) was introduced by feature (i) in claim 1 of any of the above requests.
In claim 1 of auxiliary request 3 an additional feature (inter alia) was introduced, which reads (ii) "a lever member (12) that slides in a linear direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the second cam section (10A) and orthogonal to the direction in which the lock member (11A) is displaced". This amendment is clearly and unambiguously derivable from figures 6A-6D, 9, 10, 14A-14C and likewise from paragraph [0037] in EP-A, in which it is stated that the lock member moves "up and down" (vertically), whereas the lever member slides in a "horizontal" direction.
Auxiliary request 4 should be admitted to the appeal proceedings since it was timely filed in response to the summons to the oral proceedings, and in particular to the preliminary view of the Board expressed in the annex to the summons. Claim 1 of auxiliary request 4 (filed on 6 May 2016), as well as of former requests 5 and 6 (also filed on 6 May 2016, now withdrawn), merely resulted from splitting up features which were all included in claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4 filed on 23 December 2013 with the statement of grounds of appeal. Thus, only a differently structured set of auxiliary requests was actually submitted in response to the Board's preliminary opinion, without any additional subject-matter being included in respective claim 1 of any of these requests. Moreover, as compared to claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4, no additional issues relating to possible intermediate generalizations do emerge, thus avoiding increased complexity and taking into account the requirement of procedural economy.
Auxiliary requests 5 and 6 should be admitted to the appeal proceedings since they are based on former auxiliary requests 5 and 6 filed in response to the Board's preliminary view (see above), apart from minor amendments made during oral proceedings. As compared to claim 1 of auxiliary request 4, claim 1 of these requests comprises several additional features, such that additional questions concerning possible intermediate generalizations (arising from the inclusion in claim 1 of features extracted from the description) do not arise. Consequently, in comparison with former auxiliary request 4, no additional complexity arises and the criterion of procedural economy is complied with. Admission of these requests to the appeal proceedings is therefore warranted.
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 7 is based on claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4, apart from minor amendments made in response to the objections of the Respondent raised during oral proceedings. This request is therefore admissible.
The subject-matter of claim 1 of this request likewise involves an inventive step in view of E3 (DE-A1-10 2004 053 438), E4 (EP-A1-1 637 415) and the skilled person's general knowledge. In particular, both E3 and E4 disclose steering lock devices including a pivoting lever member for engagement of the lock member in a retention position, and the statement at paragraph [0029] of E3 (suggesting that a linear movement instead of a pivoting movement would be possible) is nothing more than a general statement giving no indications relating to actual construction and implementation of such a modified device. Hence even the combination of E3 and E4 would not lead the skilled person to the subject-matter of claim 1.
The line of argument based on E2 (EP-A1-1 955 913) and E6 (DE-A1-10356660) is late filed and should not be admitted to the appeal proceedings. Moreover E2 constitutes anyway prior art only pursuant to Article 54(3) EPC and cannot be considered for the assessment of inventive step.
V. The Respondent's arguments may be summarized as follows:
The subject-matter of claim 1 of the main request contravenes Article 123(2) EPC (in conjunction with Article 100(c) EPC) since feature (i) was not disclosed in EP-A. Indeed, this feature is not derivable from the description of EP-A and extracting this feature arbitrarily from the figures amounts to a generalization of the subject-matter as filed, for it was only shown in these figures in conjunction with several other features. There is no valid reason to single out feature (i), given that the direction of movement of the lock member in relation to the rotation axis of the first cam section acquires a technical significance only in conjunction with the other features illustrated.
For the same reasons, claim 1 of auxiliary requests 1 and 2 (both comprising said feature (i)), contravene Article 123(2) EPC.
The subject-matter of claim 1 of auxiliary request 3 infringes Article 123(2) EPC. Feature (ii), also considered in conjunction with feature (i), was not originally disclosed in the description of EP-A. Extracting these features from the cited figures amounts to a generalization of the disclosure of EP-A, given that for instance features (i) and (ii) do not explain how the orthogonal movement of the lock member is produced, thus omitting essential features shown in the figures (see for instance figures 9 and 10).
Auxiliary request 4 was late filed and should not be admitted to the appeal proceedings. Apparently auxiliary request 4 was not filed in response to the preliminary opinion of the Board, which did not provide any reason for changing the requests on file. Further, it is evident from comparison with claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4 that in claim 1 of present request 4 various features were omitted. In view of the fact that the amendments in claim 1 of present (and former) request 4 are anyway essentially based on the figures and the description, these omissions give rise to further additional objections due to generalization of the disclosure of EP-A as filed. Therefore, the discussion of claim 1 of present auxiliary request 4 is considerably more complex than that of claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4, which is likewise contrary to procedural economy.
Claim 1 of auxiliary requests 5 and 6 is based on claim 1 of former auxiliary request 5 and 6 (filed at the same time as pending auxiliary request 4), hence substantially the same applies as for pending auxiliary request 4. In effect, though additional features were introduced according to these requests (as compared to pending auxiliary request 4), nonetheless omissions are still noted in comparison to former auxiliary request 4. Specifically, it is noted for instance that in claim 1 of auxiliary request 5 the feature indicating that a first cam section "is integrated with one face of the worm wheel" and a second cam section "is integrated with the other face of the worm wheel" (hereinafter designated as feature (iii)) is missing and in claim 1 of auxiliary request 6 it has been omitted that said first and second cam sections are integrated with "one face of the worm wheel" and with "the other face of the worm wheel" respectively (hereinafter designated as feature (iv)). Consequently, similarly as for auxiliary request 4, the admission of these requests is not warranted, for additional discussions on further potential infringements of Article 123(2) EPC would be occasioned thereby.
Claim 1 of auxiliary request 7 should not be admitted to the appeal proceedings since it is substantially based on claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4 which had been withdrawn and since it is filed late. In addition objections still apply to the amendments made, for the terms "vertical" and "horizontal" lack clarity, whereas the omission of the term "retention position", as well as of a biasing "coil spring 20" for the lever member (as described in the description of EP-A), infringe Article 123(2) EPC.
The subject-matter of claim 1 of auxiliary request 7 is not inventive in view of E3 and E4. Indeed, the skilled person would combine E3 and E4 in an obvious manner, in order to attain the technical object of providing means to secure the lock member in both its locked and its unlocked position, as disclosed in E4 (see E4, engagement grooves 5 and 6 for both said positions). Even though both E3 and E4 do not disclose in their main embodiments (as illustrated in the corresponding figures) a "lever member that slides in a linear, horizontal direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the worm wheel" (see claim 1), nevertheless such a technical measure is explicitly suggested in E3 (see paragraph [0029]) and therefore the skilled person would obviously implement this feature in the device shown in figures 1 to 4 of E3, thus arriving at the claimed subject-matter.
The line of argument against inventive step based on E2 EP-A1-1 955 913) and E6 (DE10356660) should be admitted to the appeal proceedings, as these arguments were already presented during opposition proceedings.
Reasons for the Decision
1. The appeal is admissible.
2. The subject-matter of granted claim 1 (main request), as well as of claim 1 of auxiliary requests 1 and 2, extends beyond the content of the application as filed (Article 100(c) and 123(2) EPC). Feature (i) (i.e. "the lock member (11A) follows the first cam section (9) to be displaced in a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the first cam section (9)") is not (explicitly or implicitly) disclosed in the description of EP-A and no support is to be found in the figures justifying the isolation of this sole feature from the further technical context of the illustrated embodiment. Indeed, the skilled person would infer from figures 9 and 10 of EP-A that this feature is inextricably linked (through the respective movement of the corresponding interacting constructional parts) inter alia to the orientation of the rotation axis of the first and second cam section, to the direction of movement of the sliding lever member and to the orientation and configuration of the cam engagement section 14 that protrudes from the lock member 11A. Thus, omission of these features leads to an unallowable generalization of the content of EP-A. Consequently, the main request and auxiliary requests 1 and 2 must fail, in accordance with Article 123(2) (in conjunction with Article 100(c) EPC).
3. The subject-matter of claim 1 of auxiliary request 3 contravenes the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC. The further inclusion of feature (ii), by which the claimed subject-matter substantially differs from that of claim 1 of auxiliary request 2, does not lead to a subject-matter which (in combination with the other features of the claim) is clearly and unambiguously derivable from EP-A. In effect, as already detailed hereinbefore (see point 2), features (i) and (ii) are at the very least directly linked to the the feature relating to the configuration and orientation of the cam engagement section 14 that protrudes from the lock member 11A. This is essential to produce the respective simultaneous movement of the different claimed constructional parts. Hence, omission of this feature leads to subject-matter extending beyond the content of EP-A.
4. Auxiliary request 4 was not admitted to the appeal proceedings pursuant to Article 13(1) RPBA (Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal). The Board decided to exercise its discretionary power not admitting this late filed request (filed one month before the date set for oral proceedings), for it could not be considered as having been filed in response to the preliminary opinion of the Board and contravened the principle of procedural economy taking into account its complexity and the late stage of the proceedings. Indeed, in the annex to the summons to the oral proceedings the Board merely detailed the main points of discussion and referred to specific items to be discussed in relation thereto. In addition, as compared to claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4 (filed on 23 December 2013 with the statement of grounds of appeal), in claim 1 of this request a major portion of the formerly included features were deleted or replaced, such as for instance the term "worm wheel" (replaced by "rotating body"), part of the features relating to the first and second "cam sections" (see deleted features "integrated with one face of the worm wheel", "integrated with the other face of the worm wheel"), all the features relating to and including the "drive unit housing" (deleted), part of the features relating to the "lock member" (deleted: "that has a spring-receiving face formed by a notch", "at one side face of the flat rod section (13A), a lock retention engagement groove (16) and an unlock retention engagement groove (16A) which are extending in a direction orthogonal to a moving direction of the lock member (11A), are provided with a predetermined distance therebetween, the shaft locking protrusion (15) provided in the lock member (11A) is protruded out of a through hole (3a) provided in the housing (3) to the outside, and the spring-receiving face (13a) and the cover (2) have therebetween a first coil-spring (17) whose spring force urges the lock member (11A) in a direction so as to press the first cam section (9) in the locking direction;"), and also part of the features relating to the lever member (deleted: "the lever member (12) is composed of a flat plate section (18) that has one end engaged with the second cam section (10) and that is movably provided in the horizontal direction, and an engagement piece (19) at a right angle from one side of this flat plate section (18);). Thus, the extent of amendments made (in particular deletions of features) being extremely broad, the assessment of possible infringements of Article 123(2) EPC (by omission as well as by replacement of features taken from the description of EP-A) gets considerably more complex as compared with claim 1 of the former auxiliary request 4. Hence, taking into account the need for procedural economy and the current state of the proceedings, auxiliary request 4 was not admitted.
5. For similar reasons as for auxiliary request 4, auxiliary requests 5 and 6 (submitted during oral proceedings) were not admitted to the appeal proceedings pursuant to Article 13(1) RPBA (Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal). Apart from minor amendments, claim 1 of these requests is identical with claim 1 of former auxiliary requests 5 and 6, filed together with auxiliary request 4 (6 May 2016). Thus, claim 1 of auxiliary requests 5 and 6 (being based on former auxiliary requests 5 and 6) was derived from claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4 essentially by deletion (or replacement) of a number of features (as was the case for auxiliary request 4) included in claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4. In particular, it is noted that for instance in claim 1 of auxiliary request 5, features relating to the first and second cam sections were deleted (see the wording "that is integrated with one face of the worm wheel"; "that is integrated with the other face of the worm wheel"), and features relating to the lock member were likewise deleted (see the wording "and that has a spring receiving face formed by a notch"). In claim 1 of auxiliary request 6, analogously, features relating to the first and second cam sections were deleted (see the wording "that is integrated with one face of the worm wheel"; "that is integrated with the other face of the worm wheel"), as well as features relating to the lock member (see the wording "an engagement piece that is bent with a right angle"). In conclusion, these omissions render the discussion of amendments (based almost exclusively on the description) more complex, giving possibly rise to generalizations (infringing Article 123(2) EPC), and were therefore considered as being not admissible taking into account procedural economy and the current state of the proceedings.
6. The Board decided to admit claim 1 of auxiliary request 7 pursuant to Article 13(1) RPBA (Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal) since it is identical with claim 1 of former auxiliary request 4, filed with the statement of grounds of appeal, except for the amendment replacing the features "rotation axis of the first cam section" and "rotation axis of the second cam section" by the feature "rotation axis of the worm wheel". This amendment was introduced only for reasons of clarity. The Board considered that the Respondent could not be taken by surprise since claim 1 of this request is based on the same paragraphs [0037], [0039], [0040] of EP-A as did claim 1 of auxiliary request 4 and of former requests 5 and 6 (all filed on 6 May 2016). Thus it had to be assumed that the Respondent was likewise prepared to discuss claim 1 of auxiliary request 7.
7. The subject-matter of claim 1 of auxiliary request 7 meets the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC and Article 84 EPC. Claim 1 is based on paragraphs [0037], [0039] and [0040] of EP-A and includes all technical features disclosed in these paragraphs which are linked together such as to sufficiently clearly define the invention. The Appellant's objections relating to the omission of a "retention position" and of a biasing spring (20) for the "lever member that slides" are not convincing. In effect, a "retention position" is evidently already defined by the feature reading "at the lock position, the engagement piece (19) of the lever member (12) is structured to be engaged with the lock retention engagement groove (16) such that the lock member is blocked from being moved to the unlock position", with a similar feature being included in claim 1 relating to the "unlock position". Further, the inclusion of a biasing coil spring for the "lever member that slides" is not necessary, since the positions of the lever member (engaged or disengaged from the lock member) are already clearly defined in claim 1) and it is obvious that the skilled person could employ any appropriate means to move the lever member between said positions. Similarly, the feature stating that at the unlock position the lock member "is blocked from being moved" cannot represent a generalization of the content of the application as filed (EP-A), given that it is obvious from the technical context of claim 1 that the lock member may only be moved from the locked to the unlocked position, or vice versa. In conclusion, it is considered that the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC are met.
The terms "vertical" and "horizontal" do not lead to lack of clarity (Article 84 EPC) since it ensues from the subject-matter of claim 1 that these terms merely designate and have to be understood as being any two perpendicular directions of movement, as is unambiguously illustrated for instance in figure 13A by arrows a and b and is set out in paragraph [0037] of EP-A. The movement along perpendicular directions a and b is produced by the lock member 11A and the lever member 12 following respectively the first cam section 9 and the second cam section 10A, these cam sections rotating with the worm wheel driven by the motor. Therefore, this bears no relation with the vertical direction of gravity force and with a corresponding horizontal direction, it being clear that the operation of the claimed device is independent from its orientation in space.
8. The subject-matter of claim 1 is not obvious in view of E3 and E4 (Article 56 EPC). The claimed subject-matter at the very least differs from the device of E3 in that there is provided "a lever member that slides in a linear, horizontal direction orthogonal to a rotation axis of the worm wheel and orthogonal to the direction in which the lock member is displaced, while following the second cam section, so as to be able to be engaged with or disengaged from the lock member", in that the "lever member is composed of a flat plate section (18) that has one end engaged with the second cam section and that is movably provided in a horizontal direction, and an engagement piece (19) that is bent with a right angle from one side of this flat section", and in that "when the lock member is positioned at the lock position, the engagement piece (19) of the lever member (12) is structured to be engaged with the lock retention engagement groove (16) such that the lock member (11A) is blocked from being moved to the unlock position". In effect, both embodiments illustrated in E3 (see figures 1 to 4 (first embodiment) and 5 to 6 (second embodiment)) only disclose a lever member performing a pivoting movement. Even if the possible implementation of "a linear member that slides in a linear, horizontal direction" is in principle suggested in paragraph [0029] of E3, it is not even outlined or sketched how this should be done in practice. Moreover, it is not to be seen which incentive there would be for the skilled person to modify the device of E3 in this way, for there are no clear and obvious advantages. In addition, in order to arrive at the claimed subject-matter, the skilled person would also need to combine E3 with E4, which discloses a lock retention engagement groove for engaging the lever member in a locked position. However, E4 shows a device entirely similar to that of E3, i.e. again including a lever member performing a pivoting movement and thereby confirming that the known device is specifically conceived and adapted to be operated with such a pivoting lever member (no suggestions of possible use of a lever member with linear movement are made in E4). Thus, combination of E3 and E4 would rather lead the skilled person not to consider any modification of the known pivoting mechanism disclosed in E3 and E4. Finally, it is noted that even on the assumption that the skilled person would combine E3 and E4, this would not result in the claimed subject-matter being obtained. Indeed, the above mentioned features relating to the specific structure of the "lever member that slides in a linear horizontal direction" are not disclosed in E3 and E4. For these reasons it is considered that the subject-matter of claim 1 is not obvious.
9. The line of arguments based on E2 and E6 was not admitted to the appeal proceedings pursuant to Article 13(1) RPBA, given that document E6 had never been mentioned before during appeal proceedings and that these arguments, presented during oral proceedings, would have taken the Appellant by surprise. Therefore the Appellant could not be reasonably expected to deal with these arguments. In addition, document E2 only represents prior art pursuant to Article 54(3) EPC, for the Respondent has never provided a translation of family member WO-A-2007/063743, which was published before the priority date of the patent in suit. Therefore, the alleged identity of the content of E2 and WO-A-2007/063743 was not proved, a line of argument based on E2 attacking inventive step being thus not permissible (Article 56 EPC).
For these reasons it is decided that:
1. The decision under appeal is set aside.
2. The case is remitted to the department of first instance with the order to maintain the patent in amended form on the basis of the single claim of auxiliary request 7 as filed today and the description columns 1, 2 and 7 to 13 of the patent as granted and columns 3 to 6 as filed today and the figures 1 to 17 of the patent as granted.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Just a heads up that after the second episode on Joyce McKinney we will be covering one final case before we end Season 3. It will be told across three episodes and, hopefully, released over three successive days.
Just a heads up that after the next episode (Season 3 - Episode 39) we will be taking a week off so I have some time to record the Audiobook version of our new book.
Due to overwhelming demand we have added another date to our listener meet ups in July with the Generation Why podcast. The event will be held at Loves Company in London on the evening of Monday, July 8. Entry is free but limited and tickets will be available on Saturday, March 16, at 6pm GMT from Billetto.co.uk.
The tickets were gone within 20 minutes when the first two dates were released so make sure set a reminder.
We will also be posting direct links for tickets through our social media accounts on Saturday, March 16 so make sure you are following us if you want to come along.


If you learn how to build and execute a LinkedIn marketing plan, the right way, it can create huge results for you.
IT'S EITHER YOU, OR YOUR COMPETITION.
BUILD A MARKETING PROCESS AND SYSTEM THAT GENERATES CONSISTENT LEADS.
If those things are important to you, then you need to be a part of Linked University.
Let me be clear. If you take advantage of LinkedIn now, your competitors won't be able to catch up.
Our clients in North America, Europe, Australia, China and Thailand pay us thousands each month to build and execute LinkedIn marketing campaigns that deliver big results.
We're not just trainers or coaches. We walk the walk.
In Linked University, we show you step-by-step exactly how you can achieve these same results.
LinkedIn has reached a real critical mass. I'd bet that 99% of your prospects are on LinkedIn.
It wasn't that long ago that LinkedIn announced that they had exceeded 100 million users.
Now LinkedIn boasts a community of over 250 million business professionals and soon it will exceed 300 million!
It means that LinkedIn is absolutely the best place to get in front of your prospects, establish yourself as the expert in your space, generate more leads, and increase revenue.
Did you understand that a current research study revealed that LinkedIn is 277% even more efficient for list building compared to various other social networks networks?
It's the area to get to essential choice manufacturers with genuine acquiring authority.
Do not take my word, have a look at the research study to the right, carried out by hubspot.
LinkedIn is one of the most upscale social media network today with ordinary house earnings more than $100,000 as well as the ordinary individual over age 25. It's the location for severe specialists that have genuine service in mind.
If you are not owning web traffic and also leads from LinkedIn, you are losing out on a large possibility.
WHO IS LINKED UNIVERSITY FOR?
Anybody who wants to increase their presence and grow sales using LinkedIn.
How to prospect on LinkedIn to find new, qualified business opportunities.
How to position your profile at the top of LinkedIn's people search.
How to grow your database of first degree LinkedIn connections exponentially.
How to drive a ton of traffic from LinkedIn to your website.
How to establish a systematic marketing campaign within LinkedIn, to stay "top of mind" with your most important, high value prospects.
How to establish yourself as THE expert in your space.
How to distribute your content all over the place, generating tons of new leads.
How to really leverage LinkedIn groups to grow your business.
How to start and grow your own LinkedIn group.
How to find people on LinkedIn that are actively looking to buy your products or services.
How to use LinkedIn to promote your local events or webinars.


text:
Osório de Castro Alves (born 1898/1901?, died 1978) was a Brazilian novelist, tailor and communist. The son of a notary public, he was born in Santa Maria da Vitória where he lived until 1922. He moved and lived in cities like Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Bauru, Lins and Marília.

He wrote about "barranqueiro" life along the São Francisco river, and won the 1962 Jabuti Prize for Literature for his novel Porto Calendar (1961). He maintained an epistolary friendship with the writer Guimarães Rosa, who was a big fan of Osorio's writings.

Osório died in Itapecerica da Serra, in an old home, at the age of 80. He left his second novel Maria Fecha a Porta prau boi no te pegar (published by Editora Symbol in 1978), and other manuscripts like Bahiano Tietê Nhonhô Pedreira and A cidade do Velho.

His life was the subject of a monograph by Eliana Nogueira de Lima Pastana.

References

20th-century Brazilian writers
1978 deaths
Year of birth uncertain

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You've never seen a sock with so much R&D behind it.
Nike has now unveiled much of the attire they'll be rolling out this season as the NBA's new exclusive on-court uniform and apparel provider.
While the uniforms got plenty of attention, no piece of apparel was overlooked during the design process. Case in point—the new NBA socks.
You might think a sock is just a sock, but Nike sought out the opinion of several current and former NBA stars during their design process. As it turns out, NBA players take socks very seriously. "Socks are the first line of defense," Kobe Bryant said in a press release. "You've got to take care of your feet."
While the uniforms got plenty of attention, no piece of apparel was overlooked during the design process. Case in point—the new NBA socks.
Nike has created two sock options for NBA players—the NBA NikeGrip Power Crew sock and the NBA NikeGrip Quick Crew sock. The Power Crew sock is the most-cushioned performance sock Nike has ever created, while the Quick Crew is thinner and more lightweight.
Kevin Durant—who in the past has worn two pairs of socks during games because he enjoys the extra cushioning—had extensive input in the design of the Power Crew sock. He challenged the design team to make a sock that had extra cushioning but still allowed a player to "feel the court."
LeBron James, meanwhile, didn't want the socks to skimp on traction. "It's important that I don't slide in my shoes," James said. "I need traction for cutting and jumping." James helped designers decided where to put NikeGrip yarns—which are "ultra-fine polyester fibers twisted with traditional fibers to increase the sock's surface area"—on both the Power Crew and the Quick Crew.
Members of Team USA basketball got a first-hand experience with both designs during the 2016 Rio Olympics and provided "crucial insights" for their development. The company also used thermal mapping to decide where to strategically place a series of mesh "vents" that ensure the product is still breathable.
The amount of research and development Nike put into the new NBA socks is mind-boggling, but it sounds like the players will certainly appreciate it. If you want to get your hands on some of the most high-tech socks on the market, the Quick Crew and the Power Crew will both be available on October 1st at Nike.com/NBA.


N avigate Huntsville, Alabama Map, map of Huntsville, Huntsville Alabama regions map, Huntsville satellite image, towns map, road map of Huntsville.
With interactive Huntsville Alabama Map, view regional highways maps, road situations, transportation, lodging guide, geographical map, physical maps and more information. On Huntsville Alabama Map, you can view all states, regions, cities, towns, districts, avenues, streets and popular centers' satellite, sketch and terrain maps.
Please Not : You can find local businesses, public places, tourist attractions via map view, satellite image, hybrid view, driving directions in Huntsville Alabama Map. You'll also find a varity map of Huntsville Alabama such as political, administrative, transportation, demographics maps following Google map.


Hey Peeps and Meeps! I'm going to be trying something new.
As you all know, I've been floundering lately in the world of blogging. I've lost motivation, direction, ambition – pretty much any "tion" word you can associate with blogging, I've lost it. So I took hiatus after hiatus and then was basically forced to take the summer off because I was way too busy to do anything other than work and sleep. But that was good!
It's September and it's good to be writing! I've missed it. My soul has missed it.
In order to help take the pressure off to keep up the posts, I've decided to make Saturday a day for one of those lovely Pinterest lists that I'm so fond of. It's not really a challenge, just prompts to get me through. They are quick and easy so if I have time before work I can do it, or after work. It shouldn't be a problem. Plus, there are enough to last the entire year!
Like I said, I originally got it from Pinterest, but the blog it came from is here. So Saturdays will most likely come from this list.
However, I'm always open to suggestions. If there are questions you want to know how I'd respond to, or just general questions about me (like I don't overshare here as it is) -drop them in the comments below, or send me an email at noloveforfatties@gmail.com or use my Contact Page. Like normal, if you want to be anonymous that's totally cool just let me know.


It seems every time I get every track assigned to the right inputs and then open again with one of the devices disconnected it reassigns all the previous assigns! It's a real pain!!!!!!!!!!! I think it stacks the devices in the order they were switched on initially and when one is removed it just reorders them to what is available I think it is a fundamental Asio problem, I'm using ASIO4ALL driver I hope there is some workaround or solution to this problem I'm really not sure how people can transport projects to other studios with this problem.
Also I have been informed once all are correctly assigned I might get timing clock sync problems. If this is so how do I deal with this?
These are unaffected by this problem as I believe they run separately from the Asio driver?


text:
Q: Create shortcut from vb.net on Windows 7 box (64 bit) I am trying to create a desktop shortcut from vb.net code on a Windows 7 box (64 bit).  The following code works on XP, but when run on Win7 I just get a message stating the App has stopped working:
Imports IWshRuntimeLibrary

Dim WshShell As WshShellClass = New WshShellClass

            Dim MyShortcut As IWshRuntimeLibrary.IWshShortcut

            ' The shortcut will be created on the desktop
            'Win 7
            MyShortcut = CType(WshShell.CreateShortcut("C:\Users\Public\Desktop\iexplore.lnk"), IWshRuntimeLibrary.IWshShortcut)

            'MyShortcut = CType(WshShell.CreateShortcut("C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Desktop\iexplore.lnk"), IWshRuntimeLibrary.IWshShortcut)

            MyShortcut.TargetPath = "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" 'Specify target app full path
            MyShortcut.Description = "IE"

            MyShortcut.Save()

Any thoughts or better ways to create a shorcut from code on a Win7 box?

A: Windows 7 64-bit here.  Compiled this as 32-bit and it worked:
Imports IWshRuntimeLibrary

Module Module1

    Sub Main()
        Dim WshShell As WshShell = New WshShell

        Dim MyShortcut As IWshRuntimeLibrary.IWshShortcut

        MyShortcut = CType(WshShell.CreateShortcut("C:\Users\Public\Desktop\Dah Browser.lnk"), IWshRuntimeLibrary.IWshShortcut)
        MyShortcut.TargetPath = "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" 'Specify target app full path
        MyShortcut.Description = "IE"

        MyShortcut.Save()
    End Sub

End Module

Note: I am  running as admin with UAC turned off.
Also notice I changed WshShellClass to WshShell

A: What privileges is your app running under?  I believe it will need admin credentials to do what you are looking for.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Mason Jar Accessory EVERY Homesteader should have!
Canning Season is winding to a close, save for the bushel or so of apples I still need to put up before winter. My shelves are lined, my winter prepared for, but if you are like me and have some empty jars lying around, they should be put to good use. Mason jars work as EXCELLENT storage receptacles. Everything from lining your counter with your flour, sugar and oats to packing lunches with a plastic alternative container for condiments and dressings.
I have learned, through much trial and error, that when not sealed with a pressure canner or hot water bath those lovely 2 piece ring and lids don't secure tightly enough for the rough and tumble some storage requires (think laying a jar of liquid on its side in your refrigerator only to find homemade syrup spilled all over the shelves). Enter in Mason jar accessories. I LOVE, LOVE, LOVE the plastic white caps for sealing up everything from salad dressing in a jar to chicken salad in a lunchbox. I always have plenty of mason jars in all manner of sizes so they are a perfect accoutrement to stored food, even if not long term storage. I use the mason jars to store rice, beans, and all manner of dry goods as well. The best part about the lids? They are SUPER cheap and durable too.
Unfortunately, I found that there are not only mason jar screw top lids but so many other accessories you can purchase to repurpose your mason jars, oh boy. There are screen type lids for straining, there are wire lids for flower arranging, there are hole top lids for drinking, you name it and someone has thought of it!
I bet our grandmothers would have loved some of these handy gadgets to use. I also find that when I break the seal on a much love labored jar of my home-canned goods and the entire jar is not used (applesauce for example) using the plastic lids seals the air out better which means longer storage life in the refrigerator. I write directly on the plastic lid with a black sharpie so that I can have the date handy that the item was opened and subsequently stored in the refrigerator, this is so much easier than dealing with peel and stick labels and the best part? The sharpie washes off when you are ready and the lids are all dishwasher safe!
Yup! I have a bunch and use them all the time. I hadn't discovered that the Sharpee would wash off, though. That's good to know because I don't like old writing on stuff.
I have quite a few, but none in the wide mouth size. I think I need to take care of that oversight. I store goat milk in the refrigerator in Mason jars topped with plastic lids, as well as pasta and rice and so on.
I never even knew there was such a thing to buy! I learn something new every day. These lids would be so useful.
I never knew these existed! I'm getting some TODAY!
I know how you feel, when I found these I was like, "WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN ALL MY LIFE!" I am a serious user of these tops now!
I need to get some of those lids! That would be very handy to have.
I love the screw top lids for storing. We don't care much for tupperware type stuff, so a ton of our loose items are store in mason jars. I even store leftover soups and such in them. Makes it so easy to pour back out and I don't have to worry about them cracking since they are made for extreme temperatures. Thanks for sharing with us at the homestead blog hop!


What Pakistan expected to be a field day at the United Nations turned out to be a nightmare. India on Monday sent a junior diplomat at its permanent mission at the United Nations against Pakistan's Permanent Representative Maleeha Lodhi's allegations against India of terrorism and human rights violations in Jammu and Kashmir and held out a picture in support of her arguments that turned out to be from Gaza.
"The Permanent Representative (PR) of Pakistan misled this Assembly by displaying this picture to spread falsehoods about India. A fake picture to push a completely false narrative," Indian diplomat Paulomi Tripathi told the UNGA, in response.
The photograph was of Rawya Abu Jom'a, a girl from Palestine. "The picture was taken on July 22, 2014 by an American photographer Heidi Levine. This photograph was published by New York Times on 24 March 2015 under the caption 'Conflict, Courage and Healing in Gaza'," as reported by The Hindu.
Ms. Tripathi then went on to show a photograph that she said "reflects the real picture of pain inflicted by the nefarious designs of Pakistan on India" — of Lt. Umar Faiyaz, an Indian soldier, who was kidnapped and murdered in Kashmir.


The Monist Interactive Issue discussion on Gender and Postmodern Communication ran from 22nd June - 15th July 1996. The participants debated about the form of this programme during August 1996. An accurate rendition of the discussion is difficult, however, because any formalized presentation will fail to capture the interweaving free-flow of comments and ideas that takes place on the Internet. Moreover, by giving the debate an artificially imposed structure, some issues will necessarily be omitted from the ``official'' discussion and other points will, by contrast, be given more emphasis than was originally the case. As a result, some of the flavour of the live discussion will be lost. Thus, to the extent that the final, published account does not wholly reflect what took place, any formalized presentation will have an element of fiction to it. Hence the decision to offer the discussion in the form of a play.
There are a number of advantages to presenting the debate in this way. Firstly, it allows the participants to speak for themselves. It is true that this could have been achieved simply by selecting passages from participants and by presenting the formalized article as a live discussion. However, in practice, free-flowing discussions are difficult to restructure as a series of points nicely leading on one after the other. For, just because such debates are free-flowing, these debates interweave and interact rather than being linear in structure. Thus, one advantage of presenting the debate as a play is that the stage director can change the scene of the play (i.e., the topic of discussion) without the audience (here: the readers) needing to see why or how such a shift takes place.
Secondly, by presenting the discussion as a play a greater variety of forms of discourse can be brought into view. The scuffle portrayed in Act 2, Scene 1, for instance, did have an impact on the nature of the discussion and it is a typical element of many net debates. It could not be reported in conventional format (it would be deemed irrelevant) and yet it is nevertheless a crucial factor in the way in which net conversation unfolds. The scuffle also brings up some interesting philosophical issues of itself (e.g., how free- flowing should a discussion be allowed to be? Does the postfeminist view mean that even disruptive discourses should be accorded equal respect?). By presenting the discussion as a play, more of the truths and issues inherent in the debate can be brought to life.
Thirdly, putting forward a play and its programme as academic expression challenges and exposes the limitations of traditional academic linear prose (and this latter is itself often claimed to be a style that pertains to a specifically male paradigm). Thus the play is itself an active manifestation not only of postmodern communication (insofar as it permits - more so than traditional academic prose does - a variety of discourses), but it is also a manifestation of a discourse that is friendly to both genders. That is, the play format itself is about Gender and Postmodern Communication. Similarly, the poetry breaks even in this format lie outside the main (i.e., traditional) scenes of the play. The poetry is relevant and yet it breaks the continuity and linearity of the officially reported conversation (hence poetry ``breaks'' rather than ``intervals''). The current format nevertheless enables such marginal forms of expression to enter in as a valid contribution. Readers may like to ponder further other subtelties to the format.
Finally, a play is generally understood as something that is performed before an audience. Although the debate was not precisely ``performed'' (thus suggesting that the analogy between the play and the discussion is not a strict one), the discussion did have an audience. The audience consists of the people who are not seen in the play itself, but who were nevertheless there at the live debate. By presenting the report of the debate in the form of a play, the audience is thereby also understood, just as those participating in the actual discussion are often themselves at least to some extent aware that they do indeed have a live audience.
Strangely, then, and aptly by postmodern views, the fictionalization of the debate as a play reflects more of the truths of what took place than a more traditional, ostensibly objective report would do. The stage director has edited some of the participants' speeches, so it would not be fair to say that what is presented here is a direct representation of what participants said - although all actors have agreed to the way in which their arguments are portrayed in the play.
The times and dates of participants' lines have been cited. This should enable easier reference back to the web site where the original speeches are archived. By referring back to the original discussion readers will have the opportunity to immerse themselves directly in the problematic status of the reported discussion as a fictional/real representation of what truly occurred. Since the aim of the Monist Interactive Issue was in part to introduce a new way of doing philosophy, readers should understand that it likewise requires a new way of reading and engaging with that philosophy.
The citation of the times and dates also illustrates the contrived nature of the play - for Lydie now responds to Michael before Michael has even made a comment (Act 2, Scene 1). This breaking down of the discussion to an area that lies beyond linear time both helps to give an impression as to the peculiarity of cyberspace by analogy with time (for crossing cyberspace is not a problem, just as in the play crossing time is not an issue) and it illustrates once more the non-linear mode of this postmodern discourse.
Where appropriate, references to web sites have been provided for particularly abbreviated contributions. This itself serves as an indication that there lies more beyond the words than what is written on the page. It is hoped that these references will encourage readers to engage more fully with the text which is not located merely on these pages alone.
One of the major advantages to the discussion has been the sharing of information from people from a variety of backgrounds. Thus at the end of the discussion readers will find a bibliography of works referred to during the course of the live discussion. Similarly, there is a list of web sites which were referred to during the debate and that may be of interest to the current audience.
We hope you enjoy the play.


text:
Faces of Lawsuit Abuse Wins Four Internet Advertising Awards
We are pleased to announce that the Faces of Lawsuit Abuse national public awareness campaign has been awarded four separate Internet Advertising Competition (IAC) Awards from the Web Marketing Association.
A major goal of the Faces campaign is to engage citizens across America via social media, which is why it is an honor to have won the following IAC awards:
Best Legal Social Media Campaign
Best Non-Profit Social Media Campaign
Best Political Social Media Campaign
In addition, the "Most Ridiculous Lawsuits of 2013" campaign last December earned the Best Advocacy Integrated Ad Campaign award.
The IAC awards are produced by the Web Marketing Association to honor excellence in online advertising, recognize the individuals and organizations responsible, and showcase the best in award-winning Internet advertising.
In winning its four IAC awards, the Faces of Lawsuit Abuse campaign is in great company — past winners include global brands such as the Wall Street Journal, Revlon, and Samsung.
These awards would not be possible without the hundreds of thousands readers, viewers and social media fans, friends and followers who make the Faces of Lawsuit Abuse campaign so successful — and help spread the word about the real-life impact of lawsuit abuse in America.


text:
Riza Arshad RIP
Word reaches us today of the passing of an Indonesian music giant. Riza Arshad was the leader, keyboardist, and chief composer of SimakDialog, one of the earliest and most prominent bands to successfully mix jazz, rock, and Indonesian music into a satisfying style of their own. He was 53.
SimakDialog got started in the mid 90s, though their first album to see formal release was Baur in 1999. With Patahan in 2007, the group formed a relationship with MoonJune Records which has exposed their music to the world outside Asia and led to festival appearances in many countries.
MoonJune head Leonardo Pavkovic says of Arshad:
With Elton Dean, the most important musician for the historical growth and development of MoonJune. Elton was a friend since mid 80s. Without Elton I would never start MoonJune, my first release is his duo album and thanks to Elton directly and indirectly I went to the crazy path: Soft Works, Soft Machine Legacy, Phil Miller, The Wrong Object, Hugh Hopper, Alex Maguire, Yumi Hara, Doubt, Machine Mass, Allan Holdsworth etc.
Thanks to Riza I was crazy enough to release 19 albums of Indonesian artists starting with his band simakDialog's Patahan in 2007. He was the first person to meet on the first of 25+ visits to Indonesia and he introduced me to 'everyone' over there.
Related artist(s): SimakDialog
Pineapple Thief - Variations on a Dream – I hope I don't turn anyone off by saying Pineapple Thief has as much in common with Radiohead, Coldplay, and Smashing Pumpkins as they do with anyone in the prog community. In my book,... (2004) » Read more
Blast - Wire Stitched Ears – A Dutch quartet of guitar, bass, drums and woodwinds, this is Blast's second release (the first being the hopelessly obscure Puristsirup from 1993), and the first for Cuneiform. While their music... (1995) » Read more
Jasun Martz - The Pillory - The Battle – Ex-Zappa sideman and painter Jasun Martz is also a semi-classical electro-acoustic composer who has been operating under your popular music radar for sometime. His initial recording, The Pillory,... (2005) » Read more
Escapade - Obscured Dialogues – Those who have checked out Escapade's previous two releases, Searching for the Elusive Rainbow and Inner Transluscence, may have some idea of what to expect from this limited edition set of live... (1998) » Read more
Pink Floyd - Is There Anybody Out There? The Wall Live – At long last, a legitimate live release of Pink Floyd's The Wall is available! The band played this magnum opus in full a mere 29 times, in only four cities. Even bootlegs of it are rare. An... (2002) » Read more
Tasty African Funk from 1977


Please check your own postcard collections and if your are able to add to the content of the 'Gordon & Gotch' list below then we would like to hear from you. You can do this very simply by using the 'Contribute' form provided at the end of the list. Fill in all the relevant details about your postcard/s and upload an image (if you choose to) by using the facility provided. Our preference is for 600 dpi .jpg images (file size of less than 5MB).
This attractive and colourful series of New Zealand images was probably first seen at the Christchurch Exhibition of 1906-07. Exhibition records show that Gordon & Gotch had a stand and sold postcards there. With a complete set of used and unused cards, my earliest card is postally used from the Exhibition with the 1d stamp and dated 25 January 1907. The remainder are postally used from 1908 until 1911. Many cards of Wellington and New Plymouth images were overprinted and used as Christmas cards.
Printed in Berlin using early pre-car images these cards are excellent examples of the lithographer's art. The set which is numbered from 100 to 175 is divided into five sections.
101 - 125 Wellington views, 126 - 150 Christchurch views, 151 - 169 Auckland views, 170 Rotorua view & 171 - 175 New Plymouth views.


text:
Israel edges towards early election amid Netanyahu-Gantz feud
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (left) and retired Israeli general Benny Gantz. PHOTOS: AFP
https://str.sg/JEm9
JERUSALEM (REUTERS) - Israel edged closer on Wednesday (Dec 2) towards a fourth national election in two years after Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's main governing partner, Mr Benny Gantz, backed an opposition move to dissolve parliament.
Parliament gave preliminary approval to a dissolution Bill, but the legislation needs to pass three as yet unscheduled votes to become law, giving Mr Netanyahu and Mr Gantz, the defence minister, more time to work out differences over a national budget.
The coalition crisis could plunge Israel into more political uncertainty as it prepares for a new US administration led by Mr Joe Biden, deals with the coronavirus pandemic and awaits Iran's next moves after the assassination of its top nuclear scientist last week, a killing that Teheran blamed on Israel.
With final passage of the dissolution Bill still uncertain, the budget dispute could in itself trigger a new election. Under law, failure to pass a budget by a Dec 23 deadline means Israel would go to the polls in March.
"Benny Gantz has to pull the emergency brake," Mr Netanyahu, who voted against the Bill, said in special televised address after the parliamentary session.
But Israeli political commentators voiced scepticism that Mr Netanyahu was seeking to save the so-called "unity" government, citing a looming "rotation" arrangement in which Mr Gantz, head of the centrist Blue and White party, is due to take over from Israel's longest-serving leader in November 2021.
Even as that pact was being inked in May, few analysts in Israel believed that Mr Netanyahu, on trial for alleged corruption which he denies, would relinquish his powerful post.
Asked if the handover was still in the cards, Mr Netanyahu, taking questions after his speech, alleged that Mr Gantz had pursued partisan policies violating the spirit of their unity agreement.
Mr Gantz, who has said an election could be averted if Mr Netanyahu carried out the coalition accord's call for a budget covering 2020 and 2021, accused him of "trickery".
If a 2021 budget needs to be passed separately, Mr Netanyahu would gain another tool to block "rotation", because failure to approve that fiscal package by March would also trigger an election.
Political commentators on Israel's three main TV channels described Mr Netanyahu's address, in which he hailed what he said were a series of health and diplomatic achievements under his leadership, as an election speech kicking off a campaign.
Strategic timing for an early ballot could be crucial as Mr Netanyahu weighs another fight for political survival after failing to win outright elections in April and September 2019 and in March this year in which Mr Gantz was his main rival.
Mr Netanyahu, who has led Israel since 2009 after serving a first term as premier from 1996 to 1999, has been facing a wave of street protests against his alleged corruption, which he denies, and his handling of the Covid-19 pandemic.
But recent opinion polls have predicted a strong showing for right-wing and religious parties that could rally around Mr Netanyahu or another conservative challenger, former Defence Minister Naftali Bennett.
Israel Cabinet meeting cancelled as coalition verges on breakdown
Top Israel court to hear bids to block Netanyahu-Gantz coalition deal
Mr Gantz faces his own political risks: he has seen his popularity drop after alienating supporters by reneging on election promises not to join up with Mr Netanyahu.
"Netanyahu prefers a May-June (election date) with a coronavirus vaccine and breathing space for businesses," YNet News political reporter Moran Azulay wrote. "Gantz wants quick elections to stop Netanyahu organising."


text:
INEC News
INEC Seeks Collaboration for Electoral Transparency and also Present a Revised Communication Policy
INEC NewsFeatureTop Stories
Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has urged stakeholders in the electoral process to join the commission in deepening the use of technology and instituting a regime of transparency in the electoral process.
INEC Chairman, Prof. Mahmood Yakubu, represented by Mr. Festus Okoye, INEC National Commissioner, and Chairman, Information and Voter Education Committee, made the call at a virtual workshop on reversed "INEC Communication Policy," held on Friday.
Yakubu said the commission was fully aware that the old ways of doing things must gradually give way to the new by deepening the use of technology in the electoral process.
"This is the basis of the introduction of the INEC party nomination portal, the election observer accreditation portal, and the media accreditation portal.
"Transparency in the result transmission process led to the development and deployment of the INEC Result Viewing Portal wherein the commission uploads Forms EC8A for public viewing.
"We at the commission will continue to deepen our knowledge of global trends in election management and communication.
"We will continue to enhance our knowledge of electoral issues and processes and we urge the media, civil society groups, and indeed all relevant stakeholders to join the commission in deepening the use of technology in the electoral process.
"We urge critical stakeholders to join the commission in instituting a regime of transparency in election and result management and transparency. This desire to achieve these noble goals is at the heart of the development of this Communication Policy," Yakubu said.
He described the INEC Communication Policy as a composite document designed to address both internal and external communication processes and procedures of the commission and for the commission.
Informing that it was designed to eliminate "ad-hocism" in the entire gamut of the Commission's communication system, Yakubu implored all the participants to familiarise themselves with the clear intendment and intentions of the document.
He also told them to see it as a tool not only of understanding INEC communication policies but also of seeing the challenges.
He said that it was difficult communicating internally and externally when individuals and groups were facing existential challenges occasioned by a pandemic.
"It is difficult getting individuals, groups, and organizations to focus on the conduct and management of elections in a period of fear, anxiety, or worse.
"It is difficult getting individuals and groups to focus on elections when the dominant issues in global lexicon relate to a virus and protocols relating to managing it.
"It is difficult getting people to focus on elections and electoral matters when there is a looming danger that they may be out of a job or already out of work or are in Internally Displaced Person Camps. It is difficult getting people to focus on elections in a period of uncertainty."
Yakubu added that communicating what people may see as non-essential service in a period of a pandemic or uncertainty requires a new form of capacity and skill, which required new thinking and new methodologies and strategy.
" Consequently, information/ communication experts and managers must design ways and means of getting the people to focus on messages that are related to the electoral process.
"It is also important to disseminate such messages and information using means that the people can relate to in a new set of physical distancing, lockdown, and daily rise in infection level.
"Information managers must, therefore, communicate in such a way that people will see and appreciate the election as an essential service."
The commission chairman added that the Communication Policy was designed to enable INEC to communicate effectively.
Yakubu sought the cooperation of all the critical stakeholders in INEC external communication drive, pledging that the commission, more than before needs the understanding, cooperation, and reach of the media to get its messages across to the Nigerian people.
Presenting the overview of revised INEC Communication Policy, the Chief Press Secretary to INEC Chairman, Mr. Rotimi Oyekanmi, said that the 55 pages document covered different areas that would enhance effective communications of the commission.
Oyekanmi said that the document emphasized that as much as possible, "only professionals or personnel that have received appropriate training should be put in charge of handling media relations and voter education programs" of the commission at all levels.
Zulum resettles 2,800 IDPs
Yobe flags-off seasonal malaria chemo-prevention strategy


I want shorts like this SO bad!
Anyone who loves Harry Potter also loves Emma Watson. She's adorable, I mean, c'mon! I'm so glad to see her branching out in a more fashionable direction as of late. I loved her in the Burberry campaign and I'm loving her in every magazine she's been in lately. She just seems like she'd be a really cool person to hang out with, you know?
Do you guys like Emma Watson's style? I've already bought my Harry Potter tickets! Are you guys going to the midnight release of HP7??
I'm so excited for Harry Potter 7!
I think Emma Watson is a great role model. She's doing very well for herself. She looks beautiful in these photos.
ive always been a fan of emma's style! i cant wait for the new movie to come out!
aren't those kind of shorts called bloomers?
i like the last picture of emma best!
@Victoria me too!! can't wait!
@Rhonda I agree. She's really got it together.
@Shelby I think you're right. I really want some!
I love every piece of jewelry she's wearing in the second picture!!
I love how she's dressed in all neutrals. It really suits her.
@Anne huh, I guess you're right!
@Dana I agree! I love the whole neutral look!
I know! I'm not a huge fan.


text:
How They Lived
An Annotated Tour of Daily Life through History in Primary Sources
by James Ciment
Foreword by Robert André LaFleur
How did refrigerators change daily life in the United States?
Size 8 1/2x11
Topics World History/Culture
Popular Culture/General
Hardcover: £158.00/171,00€/A$263.00
Ideal for history majors, nonhistory majors taking history courses, as well as general readers, this book provides not only the primary documents and artifacts of ordinary people in history, but also annotations that help the reader put them into context and grasp their deeper meaning.
This two-volume work explores daily life across human history through primary sources, making use of this primary source material as well as detailed analysis to help readers understand and use these sources as evidence of how life used to be. The diverse selection of sources includes artifacts, inscriptions, histories, letters, and first-hand accounts, ranging from ancient times to the emergence of modern Europe to the present day. This set makes use of an innovative layout: facing pages contain a primary source selection on the left side, with the introduction and analysis on the right side. This facing-pages layout allows readers to access the text information and the primary source itself without any distracting page-turning.
Unlike most other books on history that relay key, momentous events in history and tales regarding kings and generals, aristocrats, and the highly educated, How They Lived: An Annotated Tour of Daily Life through History in Primary Sources includes significant coverage of ordinary people and interesting information about everyday life at all levels of society. As a result, this collection helps close the gap in what students of history are typically exposed to through its presentation of both written documents and images of artifacts.
Examines all of world history from the prehistoric era to the present day, in every region of the world, with a special emphasis on non-Western cultures
Features valuable material not readily found online, primary sources, and content specifically aligned to Common Core standards
Supplies introductory material, extensive annotation, and in-depth analysis that heighten readers' appreciation of the historic significance of the topics covered
Explains how to make use of primary sources in order to put the documents and artifacts in their historical context
Includes both written documents and artifacts, uniquely laid out to make the content more accessible to readers
James Ciment, PhD, is an independent scholar and an editor of reference works in history and the social sciences. His published works include Another America: The Story of Liberia and the Former Slaves Who Ruled It. Ciment received his doctorate in American history from the City University of New York.
"This reference work should be of special interest to faculty preparing and teaching general survey courses in history and related fields of study. Summing Up: Recommended. Undergraduate and community college students; general readers."—Choice


text:
//  Copyright (c) 2021 Alachisoft
//
//  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//  limitations under the License
using Mono.Cecil;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Alachisoft.NCache.Common.AssemblyBrowser
{
    public class AssemblyDef
    {
        ModuleDefinition moduleDefinition;
        TypeDef[] types;

        public string FullName { get { return moduleDefinition.Assembly.FullName; } }

        public static AssemblyDef LoadFrom(string path)
        {
            var resolver = new DefaultAssemblyResolver();

            resolver.AddSearchDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(path));

            var assemblyDef = AssemblyDefinition.ReadAssembly(
                path,
                new ReaderParameters { AssemblyResolver = resolver });

            return new AssemblyDef(assemblyDef.MainModule);
        }

        public static AssemblyDef LoadFromStream(Stream filestream)
        {
            ModuleDefinition moduleDefinition = ModuleDefinition.ReadModule(filestream);
            return new AssemblyDef(moduleDefinition);
        }

        public AssemblyDef(ModuleDefinition moduleDefinition)
        {
            this.moduleDefinition = moduleDefinition;
        }

        public TypeDef GetType(string fullName)
        {
            return new TypeDef(this.moduleDefinition.GetType(fullName));
        }
        public TypeDef[] GetTypes()
        {
            if (types == null)
            {
                List<TypeDef> typeList = new List<TypeDef>();
                foreach (TypeDefinition typDef in this.moduleDefinition.Types)
                {
                    typeList.Add(new TypeDef(typDef));
                }

                types = typeList.ToArray();
            }

            return types;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ya I was having a look through the ps4 leaderboards earlier and everything looks pretty legit. I do need to check out that rank 11 monk next time I'm on though.
I guess we're past the point of random freestyle builds being anything at all competitive with sets, but it would be nice to see some build variety even within the specific sets themselves. Let alone the different class sets being somewhere around even with one another.
I played Reaper of Souls back on Xbox One but only made it in a couple of Acts. Picked this up for Switch on Black Friday and I'm just now starting a new game. I'm only to level 6 at the Cathedral but being able to play this on the Switch is so much more convenient for me. It is nice to play a few minutes before bed.
I started as a monk the first time but I'm trying out a wizard now, excited to get back into this game!
welcome back to the sanctuary!
So I had to travel this week so I figured this would be perfect to play on the plane...until when I was trying to continue my game as a wizard and found out that I wasn't able to play since I couldn't sign in online. Grrr. Since I wasn't far along I started a new game as a Witch Doctor and have been enjoying that quite a bit so I might just stick with this character.
Playing alone and I just beat the Skeleton King. I've noticed that I have had to increase my difficulty up two notches already, is this normal? Although I have beaten Diablo II I am by no means an expert but I'm not running into too much difficulty.
The other thing I need to figure out is how to craft weapons at the blacksmith and gems since I have no idea for these right now.
If you mean bumping it from Normal to Hard to Master, yeah that's normal. The campaign is pretty easy for anyone who isn't completely new to the genre.
Hard is generally the sweet spot for leveling up a new character for season play, and you might find later you need to go back to hard so it's not such a slog.
I just bought the game and its expansion - beat it as a Necromancer in around 15 hours. Is it worth experimenting with other classes or would I be better off with Grim Dawn?