text:
Title: Christopher Hitchens
Subject: Criticism of religion, Criticism of atheism, God Is Not Great, Peter Hitchens, Thomas Paine
Collection: 1949 Births, 2011 Deaths, 20Th-Century American Writers, 20Th-Century British Writers, 21St-Century American Writers, 21St-Century British Writers, Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford, American Anti-War Activists, American Atheists, American Autobiographers, American Emigrants to the United Kingdom, American Essayists, American Foreign Policy Writers, American Former Protestants, American Humanists, American Journalists, American Journalists of Jewish Descent, American Literary Critics, American Male Journalists, American Male Writers, American Marxists, American Non-Fiction Writers, American People of English Descent, American People of English-Jewish Descent, American Political Writers, American Socialists, American Trotskyists, Antitheists, Anti–vietnam War Activists, Anti-Zionism in the United Kingdom, Anti-Zionism in the United States, Atheism Activists, Atheist Philosophers, Bisexual Men, Bisexual Writers, British Anti-War Activists, British Atheists, British Autobiographers, British Emigrants to the United States, British Essayists, British Foreign Policy Writers, British Humanists, British Jews, British Literary Critics, British Male Journalists, British Marxists, British Non-Fiction Writers, British Political Writers, British Republicans, British Socialists, Cancer Deaths in Texas, Christopher Hitchens, Critics of Religions, Deaths from Bronchopneumonia, Deaths from Esophageal Cancer, Deaths from Pneumonia, English Anti-War Activists, English Atheists, English Autobiographers, English Emigrants to the United States, English Essayists, English Former Christians, English Humanists, English Journalists, English Literary Critics, English Marxists, English Non-Fiction Writers, English Political Writers, English Republicans, English Socialists, Free Speech Activists, Genital Integrity Activists, Jewish Anti-Zionism, Jewish Atheists, Jewish Humanists, Jewish Non-Fiction Writers, Jewish Socialists, Jews and Judaism in Washington, D.C., Labour Party (Uk) People, Lgbt Rights Activists from the United Kingdom, Lgbt Rights Activists from the United States, Lgbt Writers from England, Male Essayists, Materialists, Pen/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award Winners, People Connected with Tavistock, People Educated at the Leys School, People from Portsmouth, People from Washington, D.C., Slate (Magazine) People, Socialist Workers Party (Uk) Members, The Atlantic (Magazine) People, The Nation (U.S. Magazine) People, Vanity Fair (Magazine) People
Christopher Hitchens speaking at the 2007 Amaz!ng Meeting at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas
Christopher Eric Hitchens
(1949-04-13)13 April 1949
Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom
15 December 2011(2011-12-15) (aged 62)
Pneumonia (brought on by esophageal cancer)
British (1949–2011)
American (2007–2011)
The Leys School
Balliol College, Oxford
Eleni Meleagrou
(m. 1981–89; divorced)
Carol Blue
(m. 1991–2011; his death)[1]
Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction (1991)
National Magazine Award for Columns (2007, 2011)
Richard Dawkins Award (2011)
LennonOno Grant For Peace (2012)
The Orwell Prize – Special Prize (2012)
PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award
for the Art of the Essay (2012)
Che Guevara, Karl Marx, Leon Trotsky, Rosa Luxemburg, John Stuart Mill, Joseph Heller, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, Noam Chomsky, Gore Vidal, Edward Said, Salman Rushdie, Vladimir Nabokov, Richard Llewellyn, Aldous Huxley, PG Wodehouse, Evelyn Waugh, Richard Hofstadter, Paul Mark Scott, James Joyce, Albert Camus, Oscar Wilde, Conor Cruise O'Brien, Martin Amis, Kingsley Amis, James Fenton, Jessica Mitford, Ian McEwan, Colm Tóibín, Bertrand Russell, Wilfred Owen, Israel Shahak,[3] Isaiah Berlin, W. H. Auden, Susan Sontag[4]
Johann Hari,[5] Martin Amis,[6] Douglas Murray, Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, James Fenton
Christopher Eric Hitchens (13 April 1949 – 15 December 2011) was a British author, literary critic, and journalist who spent much of his career in the United States and became an American citizen.[7][8] He is best known for his 2007 book God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything.
He contributed to New Statesman, The Nation, The Atlantic, London Review of Books, The Times Literary Supplement, Slate, and Vanity Fair. Hitchens was the author, co-author, editor or co-editor of over 30 books, including five collections of essays, on a range of subjects, including politics, literature, and religion. A staple of talk shows and lecture circuits, his confrontational style of debate made him both a lauded and controversial figure. Known for his contrarian stance on a number of issues, Hitchens criticized such public and generally popular figures as Mother Teresa; Bill Clinton; Henry Kissinger; Diana, Princess of Wales; and Pope Benedict XVI. He was the elder brother of the conservative journalist and author Peter Hitchens.
Having long described himself as a socialist and a Marxist, Hitchens began his break from the established political left after what he called the "tepid reaction" of the Western left to the controversy over The Satanic Verses, followed by the left's embrace of Bill Clinton, and the antiwar movement's opposition to intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina. However, Hitchens did not leave his position writing for The Nation until post-9/11, stating that he felt the magazine had arrived at a position "that John Ashcroft is a greater menace than Osama bin Laden."[9] The September 11 attacks "exhilarated" him, bringing into focus "a battle between everything I love and everything I hate" and strengthening his embrace of an interventionist foreign policy that challenged "fascism with an Islamic face."[10] His numerous editorials in support of the Iraq War caused some to label him a neoconservative, although Hitchens insisted he was not "a conservative of any kind," and his friend Ian McEwan described him as representing the anti-totalitarian left.[11] Hitchens recalls in his memoir having been "invited by Bernard-Henri Levy to write an essay on political reconsiderations for his magazine La Regle du Jeu. I gave it the partly ironic title: 'Can One Be a Neoconservative?' Impatient with this, some copy editor put it on the cover as 'How I Became a Neoconservative.' Perhaps this was an instance of the Cartesian principle as opposed to the English empiricist one: It was decided that I evidently was what I apparently only thought."[12] Indeed, in a 2010 BBC interview, he stated that he was "still a Marxist".[13]
A noted critic of religion and an antitheist, he said that a person "could be an atheist and wish that belief in god were correct," but that "an antitheist, a term I'm trying to get into circulation, is someone who is relieved that there's no evidence for such an assertion."[14] According to Hitchens, the concept of a god or a supreme being is a totalitarian belief that destroys individual freedom, and that free expression and scientific discovery should replace religion as a means of teaching ethics and defining human civilisation. Hitchens wrote an antireligion polemic, God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, which was a New York Times bestseller.
Hitchens died on 15 December 2011 from complications arising from esophageal cancer, a disease that he acknowledged was more than likely due to his lifelong predilection for heavy smoking and drinking.[15]
Life and career 1
Early life and education 1.1
Journalistic career (1970–81) 1.2
American career (1981–2011) 1.3
Literature reviews 1.4
Political views 2
Ideology 2.1
Iraq War and the war on terror 2.2
Criticism of George W. Bush 2.3
Presidential endorsements 2.4
Israel–Palestine 2.5
Domestic policy 2.6
Other 2.7
Criticism of Mormonism 2.8
Critiques of specific individuals 3
Views on religion 4
Hitchens's Razor 4.1
Personal life 5
Marriages and children 5.1
Parents 5.2
Relationship with his younger brother 5.3
Smoking and drinking 5.4
Final illness and death 6
Reactions to Hitchens's death 7
Film and television appearances 8
Hitchens was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, the elder of two boys. [16][17] His parents, Eric Ernest Hitchens (1909–87) and Yvonne Jean Hitchens (née Hickman; 1921–73), met in Scotland when both were serving in the Royal Navy during World War II.[18] His mother was born Jewish, and kept that fact a secret.[19] It was not until late 1987 that Hitchens learned of his Jewish ancestry.[19][20] He said, "My initial reaction, apart from pleasure and interest, was the faint but definite feeling that I had somehow known all along."[20] A 2002 article in The Guardian reported that he insisted that he was Jewish because Jewish descent is traditionally traced matrilineally.[21] His mother was a "Wren" (a member of the Women's Royal Naval Service),[22] and his father an officer aboard the cruiser HMS Jamaica, which helped sink Nazi Germany's battleship Scharnhorst in the Battle of the North Cape.[4] His father's naval career required the family to move a number of times from base to base throughout Britain and its dependencies, including in Malta, where Christopher's brother Peter was born in Sliema in 1951.[23]
Hitchens's mother, arguing "if there is going to be an upper class in this country, then Christopher is going to be in it",[24] sent him to Mount House School in American foreign policy in South and Central America.[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] He became a contributing editor of Vanity Fair in 1992,[46] writing ten columns a year. He left The Nation in 2002 after profoundly disagreeing with other contributors over the Iraq War. There is speculation that Hitchens was the inspiration for Tom Wolfe's character Peter Fallow in the 1987 novel The Bonfire of the Vanities,[41] but others—including Hitchens (or he indicated as such while alive)—believe it to be Spy Magazine 's "Ironman Nightlife Decathlete" Anthony Haden-Guest.[47][48] In 1987, his father died from cancer of the esophagus; the same disease that would later claim his own life.[49] In April 2007, Hitchens became a U.S. citizen. He became a media fellow at the Hoover Institution in September 2008.[50]
Hitchens spent part of his early career in journalism as a foreign correspondent in Cyprus.[51] Through his work there he met his first wife Eleni Meleagrou, a Greek Cypriot, with whom he had two children, Alexander and Sophia. His son, Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens, born in 1984, has worked as a policy researcher in London. Hitchens continued writing essay-style correspondence pieces from a variety of locales, including Chad, Uganda[52] and the Darfur region of Sudan.[53] His work took him to over 60 countries.[54] In 1991 he received a Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction.[55]
Hitchens met Carol Blue for the first time at the Los Angeles airport in 1989, and would marry her in 1991. Hitchens called it love at first sight.[56] In 1999, as harsh critics of Clinton, Hitchens and Carol Blue submitted an affidavit to the trial managers of the Republican Party in the impeachment of Bill Clinton. Therein they swore that their then-friend, Sidney Blumenthal, had described Monica Lewinsky as a stalker. This allegation contradicted Blumenthal's own sworn deposition in the trial,[57] and it resulted in a hostile exchange of opinion in the public sphere between Hitchens and Blumenthal. Following the publication of Blumenthal's The Clinton Wars, Hitchens wrote several pieces in which he accused Blumenthal of manipulating the facts.[57][58] The incident ended their friendship and sparked a "personal crisis" for Hitchens who was stridently criticised by friends for a cynical and ultimately politically futile act.[40]
Before Hitchens's political shift, the American author and polemicist Gore Vidal was apt to speak of Hitchens as his "dauphin" or "heir".[59][60][61] In 2010, Hitchens attacked Vidal in a Vanity Fair piece headlined "Vidal Loco", calling him a "crackpot" for his adoption of 9/11 conspiracy theories.[62][63] On the back of Hitchens's memoir Hitch-22, among the praise from notable figures, Vidal's endorsement of Hitchens as his successor is crossed out in red and annotated "NO, C.H." His strong advocacy of the war in Iraq had gained Hitchens a wider readership, and in September 2005 he was named one of the "Top 100 Public Intellectuals" by Foreign Policy and Prospect magazines.[64] An online poll ranked the 100 intellectuals, but the magazines noted that the rankings of Hitchens (5), Noam Chomsky (1), and Abdolkarim Soroush (15) were partly due to supporters publicising the vote.[65]
In 2007 Hitchens's work for Vanity Fair won him the National Magazine Award in the category "Columns and Commentary".[66] He was a finalist once more in the same category in 2008 for some of his columns in Slate but lost out to Matt Taibbi of Rolling Stone.[67] He won the National Magazine Award for Columns about Cancer in 2011.[68][69] Hitchens also served on the Advisory Board of Secular Coalition for America and offered advice to Coalition on the acceptance and inclusion of nontheism in American life.[70] In December 2011, prior to his death, Asteroid 57901 Hitchens was named after him.[71]
Hitchens wrote a monthly essay on books in The Atlantic[72] and contributed occasionally to other literary journals. One of his books, Unacknowledged Legislation: Writers in the Public Sphere, is a collection of such works, and Love, Poverty and War contains a section devoted to literary essays. In Why Orwell Matters, he defends Orwell's writings against modern critics as relevant today and progressive for his time. In the 2008 book Christopher Hitchens and His Critics: Terror, Iraq, and the Left, many literary critiques are included of essays and other books of writers, such as David Horowitz and Edward Said.
During a three-hour Evelyn Waugh, P. G. Wodehouse and Conor Cruise O'Brien.
The San Francisco Chronicle referred to Hitchens as a "gadfly with gusto".[74] In 2009, Hitchens was listed by Forbes magazine as one of the "25 most influential liberals in the U.S. media".[75] The same article noted that he would "likely be aghast to find himself on this list", since it reduces his self-styled radicalism to mere liberalism. Hitchens's political perspective appears in his wide ranging writings, which include many of the political dialogues he published.
In 2010, Theodore Dalrymple wrote, "Christopher made an early commitment to Trotskyism, but it is difficult to take him very seriously as a revolutionary because he always has been too much of a hedonist. Indeed, he appears to me to have had roughly the same relationship to proletarians as Marie Antoinette had to sheep: They have walk-on parts in his personal drama. There is not much evidence of his having thought deeply, or even at all, about the fate, under a social system he vociferously advocated, of the pleasures he so clearly values, the liking for which I don't in the least blame him; nor is there evidence of any real reflection on what the world would have been like had his demands been met. Not permanent revolution but permanent adolescence has been his goal, and I think he has achieved it."[76]
Hitchens became a socialist "largely [as] the outcome of a study of history, taking sides ... in the battles over industrialism and war and empire." In 2001, he told Rhys Southan of Reason magazine that he could no longer say "I am a socialist". Socialists, he claimed, had ceased to offer a positive alternative to the capitalist system. Capitalism had become the more revolutionary economic system, and he welcomed globalisation as "innovative and internationalist", but added, "I don't think that the contradictions, as we used to say, of the system, are by any means all resolved." He stated that he had a renewed interest in the freedom of the individual from the state, but that he still considered libertarianism "ahistorical" both on the world stage and in the work of creating a stable and functional society, adding that libertarians are "more worried about the over-mighty state than the unaccountable corporation" whereas "the present state of affairs ... combines the worst of bureaucracy with the worst of the insurance companies."[41]
In 2006, in a town hall meeting in Pennsylvania debating the Jewish Tradition with Martin Amis, Hitchens commented on his political philosophy by stating, "I am no longer a socialist, but I still am a Marxist".[77] In a June 2010 interview with The New York Times, he stated that "I still think like a Marxist in many ways. I think the materialist conception of history is valid. I consider myself a very conservative Marxist".[78] In 2009, in an article for The Atlantic entitled "The Revenge of Karl Marx", Hitchens frames the late-2000s recession in terms of Marx's economic analysis and notes how much Marx admired the capitalist system that he called for the end of, but says that Marx ultimately failed to grasp how revolutionary capitalist innovation was.[79] Hitchens was an admirer of Che Guevara, yet in an essay written in 1997, he distanced himself from Che, and referred to the mythos surrounding him as a "cult".[80] In 2004 he resumed his positive view of Che, commenting that "[Che's] death meant a lot to me and countless like me at the time. He was a role model, albeit an impossible one for us bourgeois romantics insofar as he went and did what revolutionaries were meant to do—fought and died for his beliefs."[81]
He continued to regard Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin as great men,[82][83] and the October Revolution as a necessary event in the modernisation of Russia.[30][41] In 2005, Hitchens praised Lenin's creation of "secular Russia" and his discrediting of the Russian Orthodox Church, describing the church's power as "absolute warren of backwardness and evil and superstition".[30]
According to Andrew Sullivan, his last words were "Capitalism, downfall."[84]
Iraq War and the war on terror
In the years after the fatwa issued against Salman Rushdie in response to his novel The Satanic Verses, Hitchens became increasingly critical of what he called "excuse making" on the left. At the same time, he was attracted to the foreign policy ideas of some on the Republican-right that promoted pro-liberalism intervention, especially the neoconservative group that included Paul Wolfowitz.[85] Around this time, he befriended the Iraqi dissident and businessman Ahmed Chalabi.[86] In 2004, Hitchens stated that neoconservative support for US intervention in Iraq convinced him that he was "on the same side as the neo-conservatives" when it came to contemporary foreign policy issues.[87] Hitchens had also been known to refer to his association with "temporary neocon allies".[88]
Following 11 September attacks, Hitchens and Noam Chomsky debated the nature of radical Islam and the proper response to it. In October 2001, Hitchens wrote criticisms of Chomsky in The Nation.[89][90] Chomsky responded[91] and Hitchens issued a rebuttal to Chomsky[92] to which Chomsky again responded.[9] Approximately a year after 11 September attacks and his exchanges with Chomsky, Hitchens left The Nation, claiming that its editors, readers and contributors considered John Ashcroft a bigger threat than Osama bin Laden,[93] and that they were making excuses on behalf of Islamist terrorism; in the following months he wrote articles increasingly at odds with his colleagues.
Christopher Hitchens argued the case for the Iraq War in a 2003 collection of essays entitled
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1984 Cyprus. Quartet. Revised editions as Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger, 1989 (Farrar, Straus & Giroux) and 1997 (Verso)
1988 Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question (contributor; co-editor with Edward Said) Verso, ISBN 0-86091-887-4 Reissued, 2001
1988 Prepared for the Worst: Selected Essays and Minority Reports Hill and Wang, ISBN 0809078678
1990 The Monarchy, Chatto & Windus Ltd
1990 Blood, Class and Nostalgia: Anglo-American Ironies, Farrar Straus & Giroux (T)(June 1990)
1993 "For The Sake Of Argument" Verso
1995 The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice, Verso
1997 The Parthenon Marbles: The Case for Reunification, Verso
1999 No One Left to Lie To: The Values of the Worst Family, Verso
2000 Unacknowledged Legislation: Writers in the Public Sphere, Verso
2001 Letters to a Young Contrarian, Basic Books
2002 Why Orwell Matters also Orwell's Victory, Basic Books,
2003 A Long Short War: The Postponed Liberation of Iraq. Plume/Penguin Group, ISBN 0-452-28498-8
2004 Love, Poverty, and War: Journeys and Essays, Thunder's Mouth, Nation Books, ISBN 1-56025-580-3
2005 Thomas Jefferson: Author of America, Eminent Lives/Atlas Books/HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 0-06-059896-4
2007 "Thomas Paine's Rights of Man: A Biography ", Atlantic Monthly Press, ISBN 0-87113-955-3
2007 The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Non-Believer, [Editor] Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0-306-81608-6
2007 God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, Twelve/Hachette Book Group USA/Warner Books, ISBN 0-446-57980-7 / Published in the UK as God is not Great: The Case Against Religion, Atlantic Books, ISBN 978-1-84354-586-6
2008 Christopher Hitchens and His Critics: Terror, Iraq and the Left (with Simon Cottee and Thomas Cushman), New York University Press
2008 Is Christianity Good for the World?—A Debate (co-author, with Douglas Wilson), Canon Press, ISBN 1-59128-053-2
2010 Hitch-22: A Memoir, Twelve, ISBN 978-0-446-54033-9 OCLC 464590644
2011 Arguably: Essays by Christopher Hitchens, Twelve. UK edition as Arguably: Selected Prose, Atlantic, ISBN 1-4555-0277-4 / ISBN 978-1-4555-0277-6
2012 Mortality, Twelve, ISBN 1-4555-0275-8 / ISBN 978-1-4555-0275-2. UK edition as Mortality, Atlantic Books, ISBN 1-84887-921-0 / ISBN 978-1-84887-921-8
2015 And Yet...: Essays, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-1476772066
^ Christopher Hitchens and his Critics, p. 264.
^ a b c ; List of writers can be seen @ 1:13:10
^ a b 'Hitchens, Christopher Eric', Who's Who 2012, A & C Black, 2012; online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2012 ; online edn, January 2012 accessed 5 May 2012
^ a b Noam Chomsky, "Reply to Hitchens's Rejoinder", The Nation, 15 October 2001
^ Paxman meets Hitchens full 30 minute interview with BBCs Jeremy Paxman RIP on YouTube
^ a b
^ a b c Look who's talking The Observer, 14 April 2002
^ a b c d Walsh, John. The Independent. "Hitch-22: A memoir by Christopher Hitchens" Retrieved 28 May 2010
^ (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Lynn Barber "Look who's talking", The Observer, 14 April 2002
^ Blake Morrison I contain multitudes, The Guardian, 29 May 2010
^ Long Live Labor—Why I'm for Tony Blair Slate, 25 April 2005
^ a b c d
^ International Socialism: Christopher Hitchens "Workers' Self Management in Algeria" (1st series), No.51, April–June 1972, p.33, Encyclopedia of Trotskyism, 25 October 2005
^ a b c
^ Remembering Hitchens by Victor Navasky, The Nation, 21 December 2011
^ For the Sake of Argument by Christopher Hitchens Interview with Brian Lamb for the show Booknotes, an author interview series on C-SPAN (some biographical information) 17 October 1993
^ Christopher Hitchens The Atlantic, 2003
^ Guy Raz, Christopher Hitchens, Literary Agent Provocateur, National Public Radio, 21 June 2006
^ He Knew He Was Right The New Yorker, Profiles, 16 October 2006
^ Christopher Hitchens Notable Interviews—video interview 2007
^ Christopher Hitchens – Contributing Editor at the Wayback Machine (archived 28 February 2010). Retrieved 23 December 2011.
^ Timothy Noah, Meritocracy's lab rat Slate, 9 January 2002
^ Annabel's—the magazine Vogue UK, 15 July 2004
^ At the Rom: Three New Commandments She Does The City, 30 April 2009
^ "Childhood's End", Vanity Fair, September 2006
^ "Realism in Sudan", Slate, 7 November 2005
^ Christopher Hitchens Twelve Publishers
^ Detailed Biographical Information—Christopher Hitchens at the Wayback Machine (archived 14 November 2004), Lannan Foundation. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
^ Gore Vidal on Christopher Hitchens on YouTube
^ The Prospect/FP Top 100 Public Intellectuals Foreign Policy
^ 2007 National Magazine Award Winners Announced Press release, Magazine Publishers of America, 1 May 2007
^ National Magazine Awards Winners and Finalists Magazine Publishers of America
^ Authors—Christopher Hitchens The Atlantic
^ FIVE QUESTIONS FOR: Christopher Hitchens SF Gate
^ Martin Amis Christopher Hitchens a conversation about Antisemitism and Saul bellow Part 3 on YouTube
^ Christopher Hitchens. "The Revenge of Karl Marx" The Atlantic, April 2009
^ Hitchens, Christopher (1997), "Goodbye to All That", The New York Review of Books, 17 July 1997
^ Just a Pretty Face? The Guardian, 11 July 2004
^ "Great Lives—Leon Trotsky", BBC Radio 4, 8 August 2006
^ "That Bleeding Heart Wolfowitz", Slate, 22 March 2005
^ "Ahmad and Me", Slate, 27 May 2004
^ Johann Hari, "In Enemy Territory: An Interview with Christopher Hitchens", The Independent, 23 September 2004.
^ Christopher Hitchens, "The End of Fukuyama", Slate, 1 March 2006
^ Christopher Hitchens, "Of Sin, the Left & Islamic Fascism", The Nation, 8 October 2001
^ Christopher Hitchens, "Blaming bin Laden First" The Nation, 22 October 2001
^ Noam Chomsky, "Reply to Hitchens", The Nation, 15 October 2001
^ Christopher Hitchens, "A Rejoinder to Noam Chomsky", The Nation, 15 October 2001
^ Christopher Hitchens, "Taking Sides", The Nation, 26 September 2002
^ Belz, Mindy. "According to Hitch", World Magazine, 3 April 2006
^ "A War To Be Proud Of" Weekly Standard, 5 September 2005
^ "Believe Me, It's Torture", Vanity Fair, August 2008
^ Lichtblau, Eric. "Two Groups Planning to Sue Over Federal Eavesdropping" The New York Times, 17 January 2006. Retrieved 5 November 2009
^ On Whether Christopher Hitchens Was Wrong Bloggingheads.tv, 14 October 2008
^ My Endorsement and Osama's Video: The news in Bin Laden's comments had nothing to do with our election Slate, 1 November 2004
^ Hitchens, Christopher "Vote for Obama" Slate, 13 October 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2009
^ Just a Pretty Face? by Sean O'Hagan, The Observer, 11 July 2004
^ Galloway vs. Hitchens: The Transcript endusmilitarism, 16 September 2005
^ These Men Are "Peacemakers"? Ian Paisley and Gerry Adams make me want to spew Slate, 2 April 2007
^ Video: Christopher Hitchens (15 May 2007) appearance on Anderson Cooper 360 on YouTube
^ Video: Christopher Hitchens (16 May 2007) appearance on Hannity & Colmes about Rev. Falwell's Death on YouTube
^ Unmitigated Galloway Weekly Standard, 30 May 2005
^ Mel Gibson's Meltdown Slate, 31 July 2006
^ His material highness Salon.com article by Christopher Hitchens
^ Unfairenheit 9/11 Slate, 21 June 2004
^ Christopher Hitchens "Daniel Pipes is not a man of peace", Slate, 11 August 2003
^ Christopher Hitchens, Cindy Sheehan's Sinister Piffle, Slate, 15 August 2005
^ "You Ask the Questions; (such as: So, Christopher Hitchens, are You a Role Model for the Englishman Abroad? and what's Your Next Feud Going to be?)." The Independent (London): 7. Print. 6 March 2002.
^ Michael Kinsley "In god, Distrust" The New York Times Book Review, 13 May 2007
^ Here's the hitch by Michael Skapinker in The Financial Times
^ Hardcover Nonfiction The New York Times Best Seller list, 3 June 2007
^ Free Speech onegoodmove, March 2007
^ Honorary Associate: Christopher Hitchens National Secular Society
^ Biography—Christopher Hitchens Secular Coalition for America Advisory Board
^ "Is Christianity Good for the World?" Christianity Today, 8 May 2007
^ "Hitchens vs. Caig: Round Two" Christianity Today, 6 April 2009
^ Look Who's Hammering Mel 1 August 2006
^ "Hood, John Hollowed Be Thy Name". Miami Sun Post Web.archive.org (21 May 2007). Retrieved 23 December 2011.
^ a b Tom Piatak, The Purest Neocon: Christopher Hitchens, an unreconstructed Bolshevik, finds his natural home on the pro-war Right, The American Conservative, 10 October 2005
^ Hitch-22
^ Hitch-22, page 352.
^ [1] In the Tanakh itself, Jewishness is traced primarily patrilineally. Thus, Dorothy Levin would be considered a Patrilineal Jew and a Levit –that is, a Levite woman. But her children would be considered only gentiles of Jewish descent.
^ Christopher Hitchens at NYPL w. Paul Holdengräber (4-Jun-10)(2–9)(THE INTERVIEW series) on YouTube (18 September 2010). Retrieved 23 December 2011.
^ Levy, Geoffery, "So Who Were the Two Tory Ministers Who Had Gay Flings with Christopher Hitchens at Oxford?", Daily Mail, 6 March 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2010
^ The Washington Times 9 February 1990, Friday, Final Edition BYLINE: Charlotte Hays; THE WASHINGTON TIMES SECTION: Part E; LIFE; CHARLOTTE'S WEB; Pg. E1
^ "Hitch-22: A Memoir", Huffington Post
^ The Sunday Times (London) 18 December 2011 Sunday Edition 1; Northern Ireland Christopher Hitchens; OBITUARIES; Polemicist who lived a life of dissolution and contrariness SECTION: NEWS REVIEW;FEATURES; OBITUARIES; Pg. 8
^ Edward Luce, Lunch with the Financial Times, 11 January 2008
^ Unmitigated Galloway , The Weekly Standard, 30 May 2005
^ "There's only one popinjay here, George", Evening Standard, 19 May 2005
^ George Galloway Is Gruesome, Not Gorgeous, Slate, 13 September 2005
^ Oliver Burkeman, War of words, The Guardian, 28 October 2006
^ A Short Footnote on the Grape and the Grain, Slate, 6 June 2010
^ a b Scienceblogs.com article: "Hitchens's address to American Atheists."
^ a b Quotes on the death of pundit Christopher Hitchens. Associated Press. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ Real Time with Bill Maher Season 10, episode 1
Christopher Hitchens on National Public Radio in 2010
Drexel Interview (One-hour video interview) with Paula Marantz Cohen, June 2010
Works by or about Christopher Hitchens in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
Christopher Hitchens collected news and commentary at The Guardian
Christopher Hitchens collected news and commentary at The New York Times
, 17 October 1993.For the Sake of Argument interview with Hitchens on Booknotes
interview with Hitchens, 2 September 2007In Depth
interview with Hitchens, 26 April 2009Q&AC-SPAN
interview with Hitchens, 23 January 2011Q&AC-SPAN (This interview took place during Hitchens's treatments for esophageal cancer.)
"Christopher Hitchens feature stories", Prospect magazine, May 2008
"Incendiary Author Spares No Targets" feature story in The New Zealand Herald, May 2008
"Such, Such are His Joys" David Brooks assessment in The New York Times, 1 July 2010
Hitchens on Dying with Cancer, video interview with The Atlantic, August 2010
"Christopher Hitchens: 'You have to choose your future regrets'" The Guardian, 13 November 2010
"Christopher Hitchens's Jewish Problem" feature article on Jewish Ideas Daily, 13 December 2010
A debate between Hitchens and Berlinski 2010
Outspoken and outrageous: Christopher Hitchens a 60 Minutes profile aired 6 March 2011
"Farewell to C.H." Alexander Cockburn CounterPunch Diary 16–18 December 2011
Obituary on the World Socialist Web Site
Articles by Hitchens
Contributor page at Vanity Fair
Column archive at The Atlantic
Article archive at The Guardian
Hitchens articles at Slate
Article archive at Journalisted
Works authored
The Missionary Position
Letters to a Young Contrarian
No One Left to Lie To
The Trial of Henry Kissinger
Why Orwell Matters
A Long Short War: The Postponed Liberation of Iraq
Love, Poverty, and War: Journeys and Essays
Thomas Jefferson: Author of America
Thomas Paine's "Rights of Man": A Biography
God Is Not Great
Hitch-22: A Memoir
Arguably: Essays
Works edited
Blaming the Victims (with Edward Said)
The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Non-Believer
Christopher Hitchens bibliography
57901 Hitchens
Hell's Angel
The Trials of Henry Kissinger
Criticism of religion
Latter Day Saint movement
Unification Church
Twelver Shi'ism
New religious movement
Hadiths
Mormon sacred texts
Charles Taze Russell
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
By Christians
In Judaism
Sectarian violence
Atheist Manifesto
Christianity Unveiled
God in the Age of Science?
Letter to a Christian Nation
The Rage Against God
Why I Am Not a Christian
Why I Am Not a Muslim
Antitheism
Criticism of atheism
Church of the SubGenius
Invisible Pink Unicorn
Nontheistic religions
Abraham Kovoor
Ali Sina
André Servier
Annie Laurie Gaylor
Arun Shourie
B.R. Ambedkar
Bat Ye'or
Dan Barker
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
Greydon Square
Herman Philipse
Ibn Warraq
Ludwig Feuerbach
Madalyn Murray O'Hair
Max Stirner
Walter Kaufman
Christopher Hitchens reading his book Hitch 22
Film, DVD, or TV Episode
1984 Opinions: "Greece to their Rome"
1988 Frontiers
1993 Everything You Need to Know
1994 Tracking Down Maggie: The Unofficial Biography of Margaret Thatcher
1996 Where's Elvis This Week?
1996–2010 Charlie Rose (talk show) (13 episodes)
1998 Princess Diana: The Mourning After
1999–2001 Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher
1999–2002 Dennis Miller Live (TV show; 4 episodes)
2002 The Trials of Henry Kissinger
2003 Hidden in Plain Sight
2003–09 Real Time with Bill Maher (TV show; 6 episodes)
2004 Mel Gibson: God's Lethal Weapon
2004–06 Newsnight (TV show; 3 episodes)
2004–10 The Daily Show (TV show; 4 episodes)
2005 Penn & Teller: Bullshit! (TV show; 1 episode, s03e05)
The Al Franken Show (Radio show; 1 episode)
Confronting Iraq: Conflict and Hope
Heaven on Earth: The Rise and Fall of Socialism
2005–08 Hardball with Chris Matthews (TV show; 3 episodes)
2006 American Zeitgeist
Blog Wars
2007 Manufacturing Dissent
Question Time (TV series) (1 episode)
Your Mommy Kills Animals
Personal Che
In Pot We Trust
2008 Can Atheism Save Europe? (DVD; 9 August 2008 debate with John Lennox at the Edinburgh International Festival)
Discussions with Richard Dawkins: Episode 1: "The Four Horsemen" (DVD; 30 September 2007)
Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed
2009 Holy Hell (Chap. 5 in 6 Part Web Film on iTunes)[205]
God on Trial (DVD; September 2008 debate with Dinesh D'Souza)
President: A Political Road Trip
Collision: "Is Christianity GOOD for the World?" (DVD; Fall 2008 debates with Douglas Wilson)
Does God Exist? (DVD; 4 April 2009 debate with William Lane Craig)
2010 Phil Ochs: There But For Fortune
The God Debates, Part I: A Spirited Discussion (DVD; debate with Shmuley Boteach; Host: Mark Derry; Commentary: Miles Redfield)
2011 Is God Great? (DVD; 3 March 2009 debate with John Lennox at Samford University)
92Y: Christopher Hitchens (DVD; 8 June 2010 dialogue with Salman Rushdie at 92nd Street Y)
ABC Lateline[206] (TV show, 2 episodes)
[204][203]As referenced from the Hitchens Web or Charlie Rose.
Film and television appearances
On 9 October 2012, Hitchens was posthumously given the LennonOno Grant for Peace, accepted by his widow Carol Blue.[202]
Three weeks before Hitchens's death, George Eaton of the New Statesman wrote, "He is determined to ensure that he is not remembered simply as a 'lefty who turned right' or as a contrarian and provocateur. Throughout his career, he has retained a commitment to the Enlightenment values of reason, secularism and pluralism. His targets—Mother Teresa, Bill Clinton, Henry Kissinger, God—are chosen not at random, but rather because they have offended one or more of these principles. The tragedy of Hitchens's illness is that it came at a time when he enjoyed a larger audience than ever. The great polemicist is certain to be remembered, but, as he is increasingly aware, perhaps not as he would like." [201]
Many distinguished people and friends of Hitchens, including Sir Salman Rushdie and English comedian Stephen Fry, paid tribute at the Christopher Hitchens Vanity Fair Memorial 2012.[196][197][198][199][200]
American standup comedian and television host Bill Maher paid tribute to Hitchens on his show Real Time with Bill Maher, saying, "We lost a hero of mine, a friend, and one of the great talk show guests of all time."[194][195]
American theoretical physicist and cosmologist Lawrence Krauss, also a friend of Hitchens, said, "Christopher was a beacon of knowledge and light in a world that constantly threatens to extinguish both. He had the courage to accept the world for just what it is and not what he wanted it to be. That's the highest praise, I believe, one can give to any intellect. He understood that the universe doesn't care about our existence or welfare and he epitomized the realization that our lives have meaning only to the extent that we give them meaning."[190][191][192][193]
Richard Dawkins, British evolutionary biologist at the University of Oxford and a friend of Hitchens, said, "I think he was one of the greatest orators of all time. He was a polymath, a wit, immensely knowledgeable, and a valiant fighter against all tyrants, including imaginary supernatural ones."[189]
Former British prime minister Tony Blair said, "Christopher Hitchens was a complete one-off, an amazing mixture of writer, journalist, polemicist, and unique character. He was fearless in the pursuit of truth and any cause in which he believed. And there was no belief he held that he did not advocate with passion, commitment, and brilliance. He was an extraordinary, compelling, and colourful human being whom it was a privilege to know."[189]
Former British prime minister Tony Blair and Hitchens at the Munk debate on religion, Toronto, November 2010
Reactions to Hitchens's death
Hitchens wrote a book-length work about his last illness, based on his Vanity Fair columns. "Mortality" was published in September 2012.[187][188]
In accordance with his wishes, his body was donated to medical research.[186]
Hitchens died on 15 December 2011 at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.[185] According to Andrew Sullivan, his last words were "Capitalism. Downfall."[84]
In April 2011, Hitchens was forced to cancel an appearance at the American Atheist Convention, and instead sent a letter that stated, "Nothing would have kept me from joining you except the loss of my voice (at least my speaking voice) which in turn is due to a long argument I am currently having with the specter of death." He closed with "And don't keep the faith."[184] The letter also dismissed the notion of a possible deathbed conversion, in which he claimed that "redemption and supernatural deliverance appears even more hollow and artificial to me than it did before."[184]
During his illness, Hitchens was under the care of Francis Collins and was the subject of Collins' new cancer treatment, which maps out the human genome and selectively targets damaged DNA.[182][183]
In June 2010, Hitchens was on tour in New York promoting his memoirs Hitch-22 when he was taken into emergency care suffering from a severe pericardial effusion and then announced he was postponing his tour to undergo treatment for esophageal cancer.[179][180] He announced that he was undergoing treatment in a Vanity Fair piece titled "Topic of Cancer".[49] Hitchens said that he recognised the long-term prognosis was far from positive, and that he would be a "very lucky person to live another five years".[181]
Hitchens in 2010
Final illness and death
I always knew there was a risk in the bohemian lifestyle ... I decided to take it because it helped my concentration, it stopped me being bored—it stopped other people being boring. It would make me want to prolong the conversation and enhance the moment. If you ask: would I do it again? I would probably say yes. But I would have quit earlier hoping to get away with the whole thing. I decided all of life is a wager and I'm going to wager on this bit ... In a strange way I don't regret it. It's just impossible for me to picture life without wine, and other things, fueling the company, keeping me reading, energising me. It worked for me. It really did.[178]
Reflecting on the lifestyle that supported his career as a writer he said:
In his 2010 memoir Hitch-22, Hitchens wrote: "There was a time when I could reckon to outperform all but the most hardened imbibers, but I now drink relatively carefully." He described his then-current drinking routine on working-days as follows: "At about half past midday, a decent slug of Mr. Walker's amber restorative, cut with Perrier water (an ideal delivery system) and no ice. At luncheon, perhaps half a bottle of red wine: not always more but never less. Then back to the desk, and ready to repeat the treatment at the evening meal. No 'after dinner drinks'—most especially nothing sweet and never, ever any brandy. 'Nightcaps' depend on how well the day went, but always the mixture as before. No mixing: no messing around with a gin here and a vodka there."[177]
Oliver Burkeman writes, "Since the parting of ways on Iraq ... Hitchens claims to have detected a new, personalised nastiness in the attacks on him, especially over his fabled consumption of alcohol. He welcomes being attacked as a drinker 'because I always think it's a sign of victory when they move on to the ad hominem.' He drank, he said, 'because it makes other people less boring. I have a great terror of being bored. But I can work with or without it. It takes quite a lot to get me to slur.'"[176]
Trotskyist popinjay",[172] to which Hitchens replied, "only some of which is true."[173] Hitchens later elaborated: "He says that I am an ex-Trotskyist (true), a 'popinjay' (true enough, since the word's original Webster's definition is a target for arrows and shots), and that I cannot hold a drink (here I must protest)."[174] Hitchens's wife Carol Blue described him as "obviously an alcoholic, he functions at a really high level and he doesn't act like a drunk, so the only reason it's a bad thing is it's taking out his liver, presumably. It would be a drag for Henry Kissinger to live to a hundred and Christopher to keel over next year."[175] His profile in The New Yorker described him as drinking "like a Hemingway character: continually and to no apparent effect."[175]
The Sunday Times described Hitchens as "Usually armed with a glass of Scotch and an untipped Rothmans cigarette."[169] In late 2007 he briefly gave up smoking, although resumed during the writing of his memoir and continued until his cancer diagnosis.[170] Hitchens admitted to drinking heavily; in 2003 he wrote that his daily intake of alcohol was enough "to kill or stun the average mule", arguing that many great writers "did some of their finest work when blotto, smashed, polluted, shitfaced, squiffy, whiffled, and three sheets to the wind."[171]
Smoking and drinking
Christopher Hitchens described him as "A very brilliant guy, very thoughtful, very good writer, with political views polar opposite of mine."[165] Hitchens's younger brother by two-and-a-half years, Peter Hitchens, is a Christian and socially conservative journalist, although, like his brother, he had been a Trotskyist in the 1970s. The brothers had a protracted falling-out after Peter wrote that Christopher had once joked that he "didn't care if the Red Army watered its horses at Hendon" (a suburb of London).[166] Christopher denied having said this and broke off contact with his brother. He then referred to his brother as "an idiot" in a letter to Commentary, and the dispute spilled into other publications as well. Christopher eventually expressed a willingness to reconcile and to meet his new nephew (born in 1999); shortly thereafter the brothers gave several interviews together in which they said that their personal disagreements had been resolved. In 1999, the brothers debated before an audience (which included Ian McEwan, Salman Rushdie and Billy Bragg) in London, televised on C-SPAN.[167] They appeared together on 21 June 2007 in the BBC current affairs discussion show Question Time. The pair engaged in a formal televised debate for the first time on 3 April 2008, at Grand Valley State University,[96] and at the Pew Forum on 12 October 2010.[168]
Relationship with his younger brother
In reference to writing about his mother in his memoir, Hitch-22, he said, 'It was painful to write about my mother, but not very because long ago I internally managed all that. 'I even went back to Greece and I went to the graveyard while I was writing the book and decided not to write about it. I thought that would be sentimental.'[164]
Hitchens's mother, Yvonne, died in Athens in 1973 when, despite first reports in The Times that she had been murdered, it was later concluded that her death had been the result of an apparent suicide pact with her boyfriend, Reverend Timothy Bryan. Hitchens travelled to Athens to identify his mother's body. On the subject Hitchens later said: 'She probably thought things were getting sordid—he [Bryan] wasn't able to hold a job down, she couldn't go back, she was probably about the age I am now and perhaps there was that—she'd been very pretty—and things were never going to get any better, so why go through with it? She might not have been that hard to persuade, but I know that she did try to save herself because I have the photographs still. So that was sort of the end of family life really.'[163]
Hitchens's father, Eric Hitchens, was a commander in the British Royal Navy. Hitchens often referred to his father as simply the 'Commander'. Hitchens's father was deployed on HMS Jamaica which took part in the sinking of the German battleship Scharnhorst in the Battle of the North Cape on 26 December 1943. Christopher Hitchens would refer to his father's contribution to the war: 'Sending a Nazi convoy raider to the bottom is a better day's work than any I have ever done.' He also stated that 'the remark that most summed him [his father] up was the flat statement that the war of 1939 to 1945 had been "the only time when I really felt I knew what I was doing."'[162]
Hitchens was married twice, first to Eleni Meleagrou,[159] a Greek Cypriot, in a Greek Orthodox church[160] in 1981; the couple had a son, Alexander, and a daughter, Sophia. They divorced in 1989. From February 1990, Hitchens's girlfriend was reported as being Carol Blue, a Californian screenwriter.[161] In 1991 Hitchens married Blue[40] in a ceremony held at the apartment of Victor Navasky, editor of The Nation. They had a daughter, Antonia.[40]
Hitchens after a talk at The College of New Jersey in March 2009
What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence.
The following dictum is widely attributed to Hitchens and has become known as Hitchens's razor:[158]
Hitchens's Razor
In February 2010, Christopher Hitchens was named to the Honorary Board of distinguished achievers of the Freedom From Religion Foundation.[157]
Hitchens was raised nominally Christian, and went to Christian boarding schools but from an early age declined to participate in communal prayers. Later in life, Hitchens discovered that he was of Jewish descent on his mother's side. According to Hitchens, when his brother Peter took his fiancée to meet their maternal grandmother, who was then in her 90s, she said of his fiancée, "She's Jewish, isn't she?" and then announced: "Well, I've got something to tell you. So are you." Hitchens found out that his maternal grandmother, Dorothy [155] In a 2010 interview at New York Public Library, Hitchens stated that he was against infant circumcision, a Jewish ritual, and that he believed "if anyone wants to saw off bits of their genitalia they should do it when they're grown up and have made the decision for themselves".[156]
Hitchens was accused by Bill Donohue of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Liberties of being particularly anti-Catholic. Hitchens responded "when religion is attacked in this country ... the Catholic Church comes in for a little more than its fair share".[148] Hitchens had also been accused of anti-Catholic bigotry by others, including Brent Bozell, Tom Piatak in The American Conservative, and UCLA Law Professor Stephen Bainbridge.[149][150] In an interview with Radar in 2007, Hitchens said that if the Christian right's agenda were implemented in the United States "It wouldn't last very long and would, I hope, lead to civil war, which they will lose, but for which it would be a great pleasure to take part."[151] When Joe Scarborough on 12 March 2004 asked Hitchens whether he was "consumed with hatred for conservative Catholics", Hitchens responded that he was not and that he just thinks that "all religious belief is sinister and infantile".[152] Piatak claimed that "A straightforward description of all Hitchens's anti-Catholic outbursts would fill every page in this magazine", noting particularly Hitchens's assertion that US Supreme Court Justice John Roberts should not be confirmed because of his faith.[150]
In February 2006, Hitchens helped organise a pro-Denmark rally outside the Danish Embassy in Washington, DC in response to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy.[147]
On 26 November 2010, Hitchens appeared in Toronto, Ontario at the Munk Debates, where he debated religion with former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, a convert to Roman Catholicism. Blair argued religion is a force for good, while Hitchens was against it. Preliminary results on the Munk website said 56 per cent of the votes backed the proposition (Hitchens's position) before hearing the debate, with 22 per cent against (Blair's position), and 21 per cent undecided, with Hitchens gaining a 68 per cent to 32 per cent victory over Blair after the debate.[145][146]
God Is Not Great rendered Hitchens a major advocate of the "New Atheism" movement, and he also was made an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society.[141] Hitchens said he would accept an invitation from any religious leader who wished to debate with him. He also served on the advisory board of the Secular Coalition for America,[142] a lobbying group for atheists and humanists in Washington, DC. In 2007, Hitchens began a series of written debates on the question "Is Christianity Good for the World?" with Christian theologian and pastor, Douglas Wilson, published in Christianity Today magazine.[143] This exchange eventually became a book by the same title in 2008. During their book tour to promote the book, film producer Darren Doane sent a film crew to accompany them. Doane produced the film Collision: Is Christianity GOOD for the World?, which was released on 27 October 2009. On 4 April 2009 Hitchens debated William Lane Craig on the existence of God at Biola University.[144]
Hitchens and John Lennox at an "Is God Great?" debate (Alabama, 2009)
[A]bove all, we are in need of a renewed Enlightenment, which will base itself on the proposition that the proper study of mankind is man and woman [alluding to Alexander Pope]. This Enlightenment will not need to depend, like its predecessors, on the heroic breakthroughs of a few gifted and exceptionally courageous people. It is within the compass of the average person. The study of literature and poetry, both for its own sake and for the eternal ethical questions with which it deals, can now easily depose the scrutiny of sacred texts that have been found to be corrupt and confected. The pursuit of unfettered scientific inquiry, and the availability of new findings to masses of people by electronic means, will revolutionise our concepts of research and development. Very importantly, the divorce between the sexual life and fear, and the sexual life and disease, and the sexual life and tyranny, can now at last be attempted, on the sole condition that we banish all religions from the discourse. And all this and more is, for the first time in our history, within the reach if not the grasp of everyone.[140]
Hitchens said that organized religion is "the main source of hatred in the world",[139] "[v]iolent, irrational, intolerant, allied to racism, tribalism, and bigotry, invested in ignorance and hostile to free inquiry, contemptuous of women and coercive toward children", and that accordingly it "ought to have a great deal on its conscience". He often spoke about his efforts to champion the word 'antitheist' as he expressed his position that it was a relief that there is no evidence for a 'celestial North Korea'. Atheism was a word not strong enough to encompass his feelings about the immoral conundrum that the existence of a deity would necessarily imply. In God Is Not Great, Hitchens said that:
Hitchens often spoke against the Abrahamic religions, what he called "the three great monotheisms" (Judaism, Christianity and Islam). When asked by readers of The Independent (London) what he considered to be the "axis of evil", Hitchens replied "Christianity, Judaism, Islam – the three leading monotheisms."[134] In God Is Not Great, Hitchens expanded his criticism to include all religions, including those rarely criticised by Western secularists, such as Buddhism and neo-paganism; the book received mixed responses, from praise in The New York Times for his "logical flourishes and conundrums"[135] to accusations of "intellectual and moral shabbiness" in the Financial Times.[136] God Is Not Great was nominated for a National Book Award on 10 October 2007.[137][138]
Views on religion
[133]. By this time tomorrow, I bet you haven't come up with a real joke for which Hope could take credit." Critics argued that Hitchens focused solely on Hope's declining years and ignored his heyday in the 1940s.Mort Sahl or Lenny Bruce, or even John Cleese, or Woody Allen, or Milton Berle died in 2003, Hitchens wrote an attack piece on him, calling Hope "a fool and nearly a clown, but he was never even remotely a comedian" and "Quick, then—what is your favorite Bob Hope gag? It wouldn't take you long if I challenged you on Bob Hope When comedian [132][30].Cindy Sheehan and [131],Jesse Helms [130],Ronald Reagan [129],Daniel Pipes [128],Michael Moore [127],14th Dalai Lama the [126],Mel Gibson [125] The majority of Hitchens's critiques took the form of short opinion pieces, including critiques of:
Hitchens was known for his scathing critiques of public figures. Three figures—Bill Clinton, Henry Kissinger, and Mother Teresa—were the targets of three separate full length texts, Why Orwell Matters), and Thomas Paine (Thomas Paine's "Rights of Man": A Biography).
Critiques of specific individuals
Hitchens was extremely critical of the doctrinal claims of Mormonism[121] and opposed the candidacy of Mitt Romney.[122]
Criticism of Mormonism
Other issues on which Hitchens wrote included his support for the reunification of Ireland,[115][116] abolition of the British monarchy,[117] the establishment of a self-governing state for the Kurds[118] and his condemnation of the war crimes of Slobodan Milošević[119] in the Yugoslav Wars, and criticised Franjo Tuđman for colluding with Milošević on a partition of Bosnia and empowering Croatian war criminals.[120]
Hitchens actively supported [26] He supported the legalisation of cannabis for both medical and recreational purposes, citing it as a cure for glaucoma and as treatment for numerous side-effects induced by chemotherapy, including severe nausea, describing the prohibition of the drug as "sadistic".[114]
Hitchens collaborated on this issue with prominent Palestinian advocate Edward Said, in 1988 publishing Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question.
He continued to say that Zionism "... nonetheless has founded a sort of democratic state which isn't any worse in its practice than many others with equally dubious origins." He stated that settlement in order to achieve security for Israel is "doomed to fail in the worst possible way", and the cessation of this "appallingly racist and messianic delusion" would "confront the internal clerical and chauvinist forces which want to instate a theocracy for Jews". Hitchens contended that the "solution of withdrawal would not satisfy the jihadists" and wondered "What did they imagine would be the response of the followers of the Prophet [Muhammad]?" Hitchens bemoaned the transference into religious terrorism of Arab secularism as a means of democratisation: "the most depressing and wretched spectacle of the past decade, for all those who care about democracy and secularism, has been the degeneration of Palestinian Arab nationalism into the theocratic and thanatocratic hell of Hamas and Islamic Jihad".[111] He maintained that the Israel-Palestine conflict is a "trivial squabble" that has become "so dangerous to all of us" because of "the faith-based element."[113]
In his 2006 debate with Martin Amis, Hitchens stated that "one must not insult or degrade or humiliate people"[113] and that he "would be opposed to this maltreatment of the Palestinians if it took place on a remote island with no geopolitical implications". Hitchens described Zionism as "an ethno-nationalist quasi-religious ideology" and stated his desire that if possible, he would "re-wind the tape [to] stop Herzl from telling the initial demagogic lie (actually two lies) that a land without a people needs a people without a land".
In Slate magazine, Hitchens pondered the notion that, instead of curing antisemitism through the creation of a Jewish state, "Zionism has only replaced and repositioned"[111] it, saying: "there are three groups of 6 million Jews. The first 6 million live in what the Zionist movement used to call Palestine. The second 6 million live in the United States. The third 6 million are distributed mainly among Russia, France, Britain, and Argentina. Only the first group lives daily in range of missiles that can be (and are) launched by people who hate Jews." Hitchens argued that instead of supporting Zionism, Jews should help "secularise and reform their own societies", believing that unless one is religious, "what the hell are you doing in the greater Jerusalem area in the first place?" Indeed, Hitchens goes so far as to claim that the only justification for Zionism given by Jews is a religious one.[112]
A review of his autobiography Hitch-22 in The Jewish Daily Forward refers to Hitchens "at the time [that he had learned that his grandparents were Jews, he had been] a prominent anti-Zionist" and says that he viewed Zionism "as an injustice against the Palestinians".[108] Others have commented on his anti-Zionism as well.[109] At other times for example speaking at 2nd annual Memorial for Daniel Pearl, and in print in an article for The Atlantic he had made comments against the terrorism against Jews in the Middle East. Hitchens stated "But the Jews of the Arab lands were expelled again in revenge for the defeat of Palestinian nationalistic aspirations, in 1947–48, and now the absolute most evil and discredited fabrication of Jew-baiting Christian Europe—The Protocols of the Elders of Zion—is eagerly promulgated in the Hamas charter and on the group's Web site and recycled through a whole nexus of outlets that includes schools as well as state-run television stations".[110]
Hitchens had said of himself, "I am an Anti-Zionist. I'm one of those people of Jewish descent who believes that Zionism would be a mistake even if there were no Palestinians."[107]
Israel–Palestine
In the 2008 presidential election, Hitchens in an article for Slate stated, "I used to call myself a single-issue voter on the essential question of defending civilisation against its terrorist enemies and their totalitarian protectors, and on that 'issue' I hope I can continue to expose and oppose any ambiguity." He was critical of both main party candidates, Barack Obama and John McCain, but wrote that Obama would be the better choice. Hitchens went on to call McCain "senile", and his choice of running mate Sarah Palin "absurd", calling Palin a "pathological liar" and a "national disgrace". Hitchens also wrote that "Obama is greatly overrated" and that the Obama-Biden ticket "show[s] some signs of being able and willing to profit from experience".[106]
Hitchens made a brief return to The Nation just before the 2004 US presidential election and wrote that he was "slightly" for Bush; shortly afterwards, Slate polled its staff on their positions on the candidates and mistakenly printed Hitchens's vote as pro-John Kerry. Hitchens shifted his opinion to "neutral", saying: "It's absurd for liberals to talk as if Kristallnacht is impending with Bush, and it's unwise and indecent for Republicans to equate Kerry with capitulation. There's no one to whom he can surrender, is there? I think that the nature of the jihadist enemy will decide things in the end".[105]
Hitchens speaking at a September 2000 third party protest at the headquarters of the Commission on Presidential Debates
Hitchens would elaborate on his political views and ideological shift in a discussion with Al Gore.[104]
Presidential endorsements
Although Hitchens defended Bush's post-11 September foreign policy, he criticised the actions of US troops in American Civil Liberties Union and Greenpeace, as plaintiffs in a lawsuit, ACLU v. NSA, challenging Bush's warrantless domestic spying program; the lawsuit was filed by the ACLU.[101][102][103]
Prior to 11 September 2001, and the non-interventionist" foreign policy. He also criticised Bush's support of intelligent design[97] and capital punishment.[98]
Criticism of George W. Bush
[96].Peter Hitchens and his brother [95],Scott Ritter [94] and The New Statesman Hitchens went to the United States in 1981, as part of an editor exchange program between
American career (1981–2011)
In 1977, unhappy at the New Statesman, Hitchens defected to the Daily Express where he became a foreign correspondent. He returned to the New Statesman in 1979 where he became foreign editor.[35]
In December 1977, Hitchens interviewed Argentine dictator [37]
In November 1973, Hitchens's mother committed suicide in Athens in a suicide pact with her lover, a defrocked clergyman named Timothy Bryan.[22] The pair overdosed on sleeping pills in adjoining hotel rooms, and Bryan slashed his wrists in the bathtub. Hitchens flew alone to Athens to recover his mother's body, initially under the impression that his mother had been murdered. Both her children were then independent adults. While in Greece, Hitchens reported on the constitutional crisis of the military junta. It became his first leading article for the New Statesman.[36]
Hitchens left Oxford with a third class degree.[33] In 1971 he went to work at the Times Higher Education Supplement where he served as a social science correspondent.[7] Hitchens admitted that he hated the position, and was fired after six months in the job: he recalled, "I sometimes think if I'd been any good at that job, I might still be doing it."[34] Next he was a researcher for ITV's Weekend World.[35] In 1973 he went to work for the New Statesman, where his colleagues included the authors Martin Amis, who he had briefly met at Oxford, Julian Barnes and James Fenton, with whom he had shared a house in Oxford.[35] It was at this time that the legendary Friday lunches began, which were attended by writers including Clive James, Ian McEwan, Kingsley Amis, Terence Kilmartin, Robert Conquest, Al Alvarez, Peter Porter, Russell Davies and Mark Boxer. At the New Statesman Hitchens acquired a reputation as a fierce left-winger, aggressively attacking targets such as Henry Kissinger, the Vietnam War, and the Roman Catholic Church.
Hitchens began working as a correspondent for the magazine International Socialism,[32] published by the International Socialists, the forerunners of today's British Socialist Workers Party. This group was broadly Trotskyist, but differed from more orthodox Trotskyist groups in its refusal to defend communist states as "workers' states". Their slogan was "Neither Washington nor Moscow but International Socialism".
Journalistic career (1970–81)
He joined the Trotskyist and anti-Stalinist socialism.[22] Shortly after he joined "a small but growing post-Trotskyist Luxemburgist sect".[30] He was first inspired to become a journalist after reading a piece by James Cameron.[31]
Hitchens was bisexual during his younger days – until he claimed his looks "declined to the point where only women would go to bed with me." [27] He claimed to have had sexual relations with two male students at Oxford who would later become Tory ministers during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher, although he would not reveal their names publicly.[28]
In the 1960s, Hitchens joined the political left, drawn by his anger over the [26]
[25].University Challenge In 1968, he took part in the TV quiz show [22]
Political science, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Culture, Literature
Christopher Hitchens, Bible, Islam, Criticism of religion, Socrates


text:
Solvochem now a supplier of Aviation GasOLINE in the Middle east
July 2019, Dubai – Solvochem has invested in state-of-the-art facilities for drumming aviation gas (AvGas) at its Jebel Ali location. This investment sees Solvochem become one of the leading suppliers of AvGas across the MENA and SEA regions.
Theses facilities have increased the availability of AvGas, the fuel commonly used for piston engine aircraft, across MENA and SEA. This enables aviation businesses in the regions to provide a prompt service to their customers by reducing delivery time of the fuel, while also assisting them to meet urgent or unexpected demand for AvGas.
Operations started in August 2018 and the first batch was packed under the supervision and technical support of Shell Aviation, who have also vetted and approved the site.
Product is packed in High Quality Palletised 200 Litre steel drums internally lacquered with golden brown Epoxy to meet the highest HSSE standards. With operations well under way Solvochem FZCO has been able to supply AvGas to Fujariah Aviation School, Tanzania, Oman and other MENA facilities.
Tony Jouzy, Managing Director of Solvochem FZCO, commented: "This new facility provides our company the opportunity to become a leading supplier of AvGas throughout the MENA and SEA regions, including acting as a hub for other regions."
Alongside this investment, Solvochem has signed a Technical Service Agreement with Shell Aviation for HSSE support to ensure full adherence and compliance with the latest safety standards at the facility. Shell Aviation will also supply and ship AvGas loaded in ISO tanks for Solvochem's onward distribution.
Jouzy added: "Our collaboration with Shell Aviation is an important part of this development. As one of the world's leading providers of aviation technical services, Shell Aviation brings a wealth of global operational experience, technical expertise as well as local knowledge, and we look forward to working with them."
The Solvochem team are already experienced in drumming various products, including AvGas fuel, and storage at the existing warehouse. All possible risks involved in drumming AvGas are mitigated by implementing proper and strict procedures to ensure safe handling of the products and conformity to product specification.
The world-class facility was designed by Mott MacDonald, a leading consultant for oil projects. The facility meets the highest level and stringent standards of safety and environmental regulations set by the industry in UAE and JAFZA and exceeds local regulations.
For further enquiries, please contact Tony Jouzy
PHONE : 0097148839911
EMAIL : tony.jouzy@solvochem.ae
About Solvochem
Solvochem, suppliers of chemicals, solvents and plastics worldwide, is a rapidly expanding international group of distribution and trading companies, which has grown significantly since its beginning in the Middle East. Today, the group consists of several affiliated companies based in various European, Middle Eastern and African countries.
It has several bulk tank farms and warehouses strategically located in the Middle East and east Africa to meet the increasing demand for competitive logistics and services.
About Shell Aviation
Shell Aviation is a leading global supplier of aviation fuels and lubricants. It supplies fuel at around 850 airports in 32 countries, refuelling an aircraft every 14 seconds on average.
Shell Aviation provides a diverse range of world-class fuels, lubricants and services to all aircraft types. This includes jet fuel and avgas for turbine engine and piston engine aircraft operators respectively, as well as its AeroShell® range of engine oils, fluids and greases.
Further information can be found on Shell Aviation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The bet slider options are a great way of customizing the slider and enabling you to easily and quickly bet the preferred amount. The Incremental Adjustments enable you to choose if you want to increase the bet sizes with the big blind or with the small blind.
Then you can turn on Jump to Clicked Position , meaning that when you click on the bar, the slider will move to where you clicked - helpful for fast bet sizing. If this option is disabled , the click will move the slider for one big or small blind , depending on what you chose for the incremental adjustments option. Invert Mouse Wheel inverts the function of the mouse wheel, scrolling up decreases the bet size and scrolling down increases it.
When you enable the Bet Slider Shortcut buttons, they will appear above the bet slider, and clicking on them will quickly select your preferred bet size. Playing with friends or family. Rules of split pots and kickers. Soon afterwards Perkins proposed another prop bet.
Bets with Perkins, popular streams on Twitch and vlogs on YouTubie, as well as working as an ambassador for PokerStars — does all that influence their life? This is my first failure for many years so it kinda pushed me back, but I hope I can handle it. I would like to pursue my golas but not be afraid that some of them will end in failure.
Does Staples feel any regrest about his current lifestyle? Both when it comes to how I live and what content I create. Poker theories — theory of perspective. Two best games for beginning players. How to overcome the fear of moving up the limits in…. For purposes of the law, the Internet is just another means of transmitting information over the phone.
That being said, a bettor has a minimal amount of legal risk by placing such a wager. Laws like the Federal Wire Act are aimed at the companies taking the bets, not the individuals placing the wagers. Enforcement activity is also almost exclusively focused on the business operation on the other end of the transaction. My advice is simple. Contact a lawyer if you need legal advice. Don't rely on the advice on this page or any other Internet page to make a legal decision, and obey the laws in your jurisdiction.
That being said, your likelihood of being arrested or prosecuted for placing a bet on a football game at BetOnline. The more money you put on the line, the higher your risk. The Department of Justice has stated that the Wire Act doesn't apply to casino games or poker. But various state laws do apply. For example, in the state of Washington, it's a felony to play poker on the Internet.
I searched the BetOnline. My educated guess is that they accept players from anywhere in the United States. That doesn't mean it's legal. The owners of the company may have decided that the risk-reward ratio was right, and they're going to accept players from the United States until they get caught.
That doesn't mean it's illegal for you to play there. It doesn't mean it's legal, either. It just means that it depends on where you live. Others, like dominoes, Yahtzee, or spades aren't clearly defined. I have no reason to think that playing dominoes for money at BetOnline. For United States players, the legality of the operation at BetOnline. Offering sports betting to U. That being said, what you're probably actually wondering is how likely is it that you face a legal risk.
The truth is that law enforcement rarely targets the customers of illegal businesses. That's why prostitutes are arrested far more often than their customers.
Your legal risks are minimal, but you do face other risks related to the legality of BetOnline. If they were shut down by the United States government, like Full Tilt Poker and PokerStars were in , you might wind up with some money that you can't access as legally as you would like to. I'll repeat my earlier advice. Obey the laws where you live. If you decide to do otherwise, limit your risk by only gambling amounts that you won't miss. I've included BetOnline in my list of top poker sites for US players because they've improved tremendously since the events described below.
They now process withdrawals the second fastest out of all US poker sites and haven't had complaints in a few years. Most online poker information websites give www. You should question whether to trust these information websites.
It's reasonable to assume that they care more about advertisement income than their reader's safety. By definition, you couldn't give them more stars so those ratings would imply that Bet Online is on PokerStars' level.
Most online poker rooms are on networks, which means their player pools are shared with other online poker rooms on the same network. Their sportsbook has been in business for a long time but that's when they launched the poker room. They openly claimed to have their "own" network while in reality they were on Action Poker network which had a bad reputation. What a weird way to start doing business!
Lie to your customers who are supposed to deposit their hard-earned real money to your website. And they lied about something quite trivial if they lie about less important stuff, what about more important stuff? I've seen an abnormal amount of complaints by players who've had a lot of money confiscated by BetOnline Poker. While some people cheat at online poker - and a portion of the people who lost their money might have done so - the worst part has been that BetOnline hasn't proved the wrongdoing.
Numerous cases have popped up at online gambling forums. In some of them, the money has been returned to players usually after months of fighting and in some cases they've kept the money. The best thing the players who've been falsely accused of cheating did was to write about the issue at popular online forums. BetOnline eventually returned the money to the player since they had no proof of cheating. I doubt anyone thinks that Bet Online is safe after reading those complaints and there's obviously a good reason for that opinion.
BetOnline is far from a site I would recommend to a friend. Bet Online Poker allowed players to multi-account using the same internet connection or different accounts on different rooms on the same network.
That's right - one player could have numerous accounts in the same table which is unheard of at the biggest online poker rooms in the world.
I doubt it, but at the same time, it's has been too easy to cheat at BetOnline no idea if this issue has been fixed yet. One of the craziest chat conversations that I've read about: BetOnline Poker's customer service representatives know everyone's passwords.


Simon's gay and that's a sort-of-a-problem-but-not-that-big-a-problem-but-he's-a-teenager-so-everythings-kinda-tough.
Okay, so that summary's a bit snarky. Simon is gay, and quite possibly in love with Blue, someone he only knows anonymously from the other end of an email. And now some kid called Martin has got hold of those emails, and is blackmailing him into helping Martin hook up with Simon's friend Abby… and thus the complications ensue.
It's a YA novel. It's a very YA novel, by which I mean it's pretty much the epitome of the style and mode of this generations brand of very successful YA novels. (We're looking at you, John Green.) That's not a criticism; not every novel has to reinvent the wheel, and Simon Vs does the wheel really well (plus, it's got the distinguishing factor that this is a gay novel, which isn't uncommon in YA, but it's nice to see a chart-conquering book that isn't a male-female romance.) The cover compares it to the lovechild of Rainbow Rowell and John Green, which is indicative but not entirely spot on, in my opinion. In fact, what it reminded me the most of was early David Levithan.
I read it pretty much in one go, over one night, and I thoroughly enjoyed it. It's sweet, its funny in the right places, it's evocative in the right places, and it does a great job of encapsulating contemporary youth culture without being cringily awkward or patronising. (That can't be overestimated by the way; sure, in ten years the tumblr and facebook stuff in there might date the book badly, but right now it's spot on.) It was refreshing to have the tension of the book deflected away from any particular stress over coming out (Simon isn't overly bothered about his blackmailer outing him, and knows his family will, on balance, be accepting) but is instead concerned over the forced outing of Blue instead. It's an elegant undercut to the melodrama one usually expects from this kind of story. Plus, the rest of the cast of friends and enemies are entertaining, well-drawn and mostly three-dimensional, another pitfall hurdled.
So in essence, the book does everything it sets out to do really well, with a cute, appealing take on a gay protagonist. My only criticism is that the theoretically-mysterious identity of Blue is so bleedin' obvious that it slightly undercuts the TA-DA! ending. But I'm quibbling now.
You can't imagine how much I hated middle school. Remember the way people would look at you blankly and says, "Um, okaaaaaaay," after you finished talking? Everyone just had to make it so clear that, whatever you were thinking or feeling, you were totally alone. The worst part, of course, was that I did the same thing to other people.
Bad reviews? What do you mean, bad reviews?
"The youth culture stuff is disrespectful / pathetic / hilarious / delete as applicable. It's not 'the Tumblr'!" I'm guilty of this, because when I read it I wanted to snark at the use of 'the' in front of Tumblr. Oh, you foolish adult, I thought, thinking you are in the loop and up to date. But this is basically the only reference with a 'the' and I think it's actually meant to be referring to the tumblr page (specific not universal) which is featured in the plot. A slip in editing that comes out sounding adult-down-with-the-teenspeak. I think the book did a decent job with youth culture. But then what do I know? I'm in my twenties, and apparently I call it 'youth culture' now.
Okay, I won't be flippant about this one. I actually sort of take the point–there is something of that feeling when you read this. I don't think this was because the writer targeted a mainstream (read: straight) audience; I'm more inclined to suggest that it was the universality of the story that enables its mainstream success. Which is a subtly different thing.
I think the feeling arises from the fact that Simon never struggles with the idea that he is gay; this might be a coming-out story, superficially, but it's not a coming-to-terms story. Any difficulties he might have had realising he was gay are never shown or discussed. In fact, it's what I quite liked in principal: avoiding another tedious hand-wringing coming out story. Queer lit and YA has moved past the need for every story to be that. And it is certainly a good thing that a bestselling YA novel can feature a gay protagonist who exhibits little-to-no concern that he is gay.
But here's the catch: when you've grown up queer, that struggle is more than likely an integral part of your adolescence.The success of Simon Vs is that Simon's story manages to feel universal, and so while it's great that a gay protagonist can now be just as much a lead, with just as many adolescent insignificant-but-therefore-completely-huge problems as any other protagonist, the catch-22 is that there's this lack of specificity that for some queer readers is a problem. When we read a story look like this, we're looking for identification. That kind of recognition is hard to come by in books and media, and so it's precious when we find it, and there wasn't much of that reflected back at me in Simon Vs because this is not the story of me, or probably anyone from my generation. And that's fine. We don't have to love this book like a book written only for us; we can love this book as a book written for everyone.
'Tis indeed. It's bloody everywhere.
It should be Between The Bars by Elliott Smith, but I'm actually going with my favourite Elliott Smith song, Let's Get Lost. Also, have some Sufjan Stevens too.


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Letter from Brigadier General Benjamin Alvord to US Army Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas, July 24, 1862
Alvord advises, "… during the existence of the civil war there must necessarily be constant apprehension that at any moment we may be plunged into a [foreign] war. In that case this region is the most exposed and vulnerable, as it is the most remote…
Letter from Brigadier General Benjamin Alvord to Washington Territorial Governor William Pickering, July 28, 1862
Alvord tells the governor, "I assure you that my long residence in this country leads me to take a deep interest in the welfare and prosperity of the Territory and in the defense of its frontier. I look with special concern to the incoming…
'When Rogues Attack'
Though this event did not take place in Washington Territory, Washington Democrat editor, Urban E. Hicks, placed the article in the column directly next to the news that Lincoln had been killed.
"That the whole idea of "freedmen" was a hideous…
"Bully" for Port Ludlow
This 1862 article details local contributions to the Soldier's Relief Fund, subscribed from Jefferson County. Since the Washington Standard editor Murphy specifically names "Gen. Miller," this article likely refers to donations to the Sanitary…
"Conspiracy"
The Statesman editor suggests that the stories about the potential Order of American Knights insurrections in the western and northern states are meant to alarm and mislead voters into reelecting Abraham Lincoln.
"Independent" and "Neutral"
The Statesman editor declares his right and intention to be "independent upon all subjects and neutral upon none," and resists the efforts of some readers to slot him in a partisan [sic] slot.
Certainly more often than note, the editorial position…
"Nominal" Support
William McLane (Republican) and James Longmire (Democrat) ran against each other in the January 1868 Territorial Council election. William McLane won and went on to represent Thurston and Lewis County. The Daily Tribune ran a series of articles about…
(Civil War Veteran) Pioneer William Walter Dies
1908 obituary of William Walter, Mason County resident, who left his Washington Territory cabin behind to enlist in the U.S. Army and fight in the Civil War. He is said by family tradition (repeated by Archie Binns) to have nailed a sign to his cabin…
[Justus] Steinberger Reinstated
The Statesman editor suggests here that Col. Justus Steinberger, a Democrat, was removed from command of Fort Walla Walla by the schemes of the Union League. The editor has steadfastly maintained that Steinberger was not disloyal.
[Puget Sound] Herald Falsehoods
Specifically, Reed states that the Herald's charge that Garfielde withheld fees he collected is untrue. Lkewise, the claim that he has never established a residence in Washington Territory is false; he and his family reside in a house in Port…