text:
In Theaters: 'Persepolis'
On December 26, 2007 April 16, 2014 By chrisbarsantiIn UncategorizedLeave a comment
What does one do, or even say, about a film that is, by any measurement that matters, perfect? When considering Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi and Vincent Paronnaud's finely etched animated adaptation of Satrapi's two-part autobiographical graphic novel about growing up in Tehran during the revolution and the Iran-Iraq War, the problem (if one could call it that) becomes particularly acute. By compressing into this film the myriad of themes that it handles, the filmmakers could have easily encumbered it with a weight that would have outweighed its many sharp delights. But by some strange and fortunate circumstance, they have managed to incorporate each of those weighty topics into a work of art that's light as a feather, in the manner of the true masterpiece.
Persepolis is in limited release now. You can read the full review at filmcritic.com.
On December 21, 2007 May 16, 2014 By chrisbarsantiIn UncategorizedLeave a comment
Ellis is very good at relating the frightening moments of dramatic risk undergirding the history of the American Revolution, and it's a skill that makes American Creation as enjoyable a read as it is. This is fortunate as the organizing principle behind the book can seem a bit loose, as evidenced by the grab-bag subtitle: "Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic." Although it may well be that Ellis simply had a goodly pile of research that he didn't want to waste and wanted to see how he could get a decent book out of it, that shouldn't by any means deter readers, particularly those who appreciate a brisk, left-field approach in their history.
You can read the full article about American Creation at PopMatters.
By the end of season three of The Wire — aka HBO's best excuse for staying on the air — one could sense that the show had, in some sense of the word, come to an end. It was certainly clear for a time that HBO executives thought so, having come close to canceling the multifaceted, frighteningly addictive urban drama yet again, as it never pulled anywhere near the kind of ratings that their warhorses like The Sopranos and Sex and the City had. With nobody of real consequence running the West Baltimore drug trade (the Barksdales' chief rival and replacement, Marlo Stanfield, seems at first nothing more than some punk kid), what would be left that was worth watching? Plenty, it turns out.
The complete DVD set of The Wire: Season Four is in stores now and ready for your holiday purchase. You can read the full review at filmcritic.com.


We believe in bringing a taste of Southwestern Flair into your home. Made in the USA!
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"It works, and this is what I am looking for. Good, Thank for making them." Ken Kao said.
"Works very well, easy to use, versatile, and what a bargain!" Amazon Customer said.
"It works great but comes with only 2 stickers." Gladys Cintron said.
"It is a magnet. It holds the phone pretty well. It's not as strong as my last magnet, but works well" LisaB said.
"So convenient. Use this with an Iphone 7 and a portfolio wallet-style case. Works perfectly!" Rose Gold Jane said.
"Mostly holds my big iPhone 7 Plus. Just bought two more for my wife and daughter." Amazon Customer said.


Zajecznik is a red trail in Poland. This first part is mostly descending and is very flowy, twisty and entertaining.
Zajecznik: part 1 is a part of Singletracker's collection of official MTB trails in the Czech Republic. It contains all types of mountain bike trails from downhill and enduro trails through pump tracks and skill courses to cross country XC trails and family friendly trails. Recognise the trail builders hard work by reviewing the trail in the Singletracker App.


text:
Nov. 15, 2019 / 1:57 PM
Clive Owen to portray Bill Clinton in 'American Crime Story' Season 3
Wade Sheridan
Clive Owen has been cast as former President Bill Clinton in "American Crime Story" Season 3. File Photo by Jim Ruymen/UPI | License Photo
Clive Owen arrives on the red carpet for "The Knick" at the 9th annual Rome International Film Festival on October 2014. File Photo by David Silpa/UPI | License Photo
Nov. 15 (UPI) -- Clive Owen has been tapped to portray former President Bill Clinton in the third season of FX's American Crime Story.
The third season, titled Impeachment: American Crime Story, will explore Bill Clinton's impeachment trial and the Monica Lewinsky scandal, told through the perspective of three women who were involved with the probe.
Owen joins a cast that includes Beanie Feldstein as Lewinsky, Sarah Paulson as Linda Tripp and Annaleigh Ashford as Paula Jones. Lewinsky is serving as a producer alongside Henrietta Conrad and Jemima Khan.
The role of Bill Clinton's wife and former first lady Hillary Clinton is still being cast.
Impeachment: American Crime Story, will premiere on FX on Sept. 27, 2020, just in time for the 2020 presidential election. The upcoming season is based on author Jeffrey Toobin's book A Vast Conspiracy: The Real Story of the Sex Scandal That Nearly Brought Down a President.
Production is set to begin in spring 2020. Sarah Burgess is penning the project and executive producing along with Ryan Murphy, Paulson, Feldstein, Brad Falchuk, Nina Jacobson, Brad Simpson, Larry Karaszewski, Scott Alexander and Alexis Martin.
American Crime Story Season 1 explored the O.J. Simpson murder trial. Season 2 focused on the assassination of Gianni Versace.
Owen last appeared in action film Gemini Man alongside Will Smith.
'American Crime Story' to explore Clinton impeachment in Season 3 'The Witcher' renewed ahead of Netflix premiere Reports: 'Days of Our Lives' stars released from contracts amid renewal talks
Paula Jones
Jeffrey Toobin
First Lady Hillary Clinton
TV // 1 hour ago
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Jan. 18 (UPI) -- Lifetime has ordered a 4-hour docu-series called "Surviving Jeffrey Epstein."
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Jan. 17 (UPI) -- Morgan Smith (née Olsen) welcomed her third child, a baby boy, with her husband, Joel Smith.
'Bachelor' alum Raven Gates feeling 'better' after surgery
Jan. 17 (UPI) -- Raven Gates gave an update on her health after being misdiagnosed with a chronic illness.
'The Circle': Sammie Cimarelli wins Fan Favorite
Jan. 17 (UPI) -- Sammie Cimarelli of Netflix's "The Circle" was voted Fan Favorite and earned a $10,000 award.
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Jan. 17 (UPI) -- Charlie Heaton, Malin Akerman, Betsy Brandt and JJ Feild have joined the cast of AMC's upcoming six-part anthology series, "Soulmates."
Camila Cabello, James Corden have '1999 vs. 2019 Riff-Off' on 'Late Late Show'
Jan. 17 (UPI) -- Camila Cabello defended the music of 2019 against Corden's favorite year of 1999 on "The Late Late Show."
'Schitt's Creek' cast gets quizzed on 'Tonight Show'
Jan. 17 (UPI) -- The cast of "Schitt's Creek" were quizzed on how well they know each other on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon."
Bar Refaeli gives birth to baby No. 3
Martha Stewart: Chip Gaines 'made up' story about TIME 100 encounter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Millerton Lake is an artificial lake near the town of Friant  about  north of downtown Fresno. The reservoir was created by the construction of 319 ft (97 m) high Friant Dam on the San Joaquin River which, with the lake, serves as much of the county line between Fresno County to the south and Madera County to the north.

Part of the Central Valley Project, the dam was built by the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and was completed in 1942 with the exception of the drum gates being installed in 1947. The lake stores water for irrigation, which is distributed by the Madera and Friant-Kern Canals to the San Joaquin Valley. It has an instantaneous capacity of .

Secondary uses include flood control and recreation, including swimming, fishing, water skiing and camping. A 25 MW hydroelectric plant operated by the Friant Power Authority produces electricity from large releases and two smaller plants use water released for a fish hatchery and to maintain minimum-flow in the river.

Prior to the construction of Friant Dam, the current lake bed was the site of the town of Millerton, the first county seat of Fresno County.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a safe eating advisory for fish caught in the Millerton Lake due to elevated levels of mercury.

Environmental impacts
By diverting most of the San Joaquin River for irrigation, the Friant Dam has caused about  of the river to run dry except in high water years when floodwaters are spilled from the dam. The desiccation of the river has caused the degradation of large stretches of riverside habitat and marshes, and has nearly eliminated the historic chinook salmon run that once reached about 15,000 fish each year. Reduction in flows has also increased the concentration of pesticide and fertilizer runoff in the river contributing to pollution that has further impacted aquatic species.

On September 13, 2006, after eighteen years of litigation, environmental groups, fisherman and the USBR reached an agreement on releasing part of the water currently diverted into the irrigation canals into the San Joaquin River in order to help restore the river and its native fish and wildlife. The first water was released on October 2, 2009 at a rate of . By 2014, these "restoration flows" will be increased to  per year, or , on top of the  that is currently released for agricultural purposes. However, the river restoration project will cause a 12–20% reduction in irrigation water delivered from Friant Dam.

See also
List of dams and reservoirs in California
List of lakes in California
List of largest reservoirs of California
Temperance Flat Dam Proposed extension of Millerton Lake.

References

External links
Current Conditions, Millerton Reservoir
Friant Water Authority
Millerton Lake State Recreation Area
Map of lake expansion proposals
Millerton Lake Fishing

Reservoirs in Fresno County, California
Reservoirs in Madera County, California
San Joaquin River
Central Valley Project
Reservoirs in California
Reservoirs in Northern California

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


>     Yes, that solves the problem (though I don't know why ;-)).
>     Thanks for investigating in this.
I now cannot shift the whole tree horizontally with Ctrl+Right/Left anymore.
some names cannot be seen anymore because they extend the window.
It's no big deal now but ideally I would like to be able to view/show all possible path names.


Full name, Mary Sean Young; born November 20, 1959, in Louisville, KY; daughter of Donald Young (a journalist and television news producer) and Lee Guthrie (a public relations executive, journalist, and screenwriter); sister of Cathleen Young (a screenwriter); married Robert Lujan (an actor and musician), November, 1990 (separated); children: Rio Kelly, Quinn Lee. Addresses:Agent: Metropolitan Talent Agency, 4526 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90010.
Also appeared in an episode of The Test, F/X.


Daaruk is a Hindu Boy name, meaning of the name is "Charioteer of Krishna, Tree" from Hindi origin. This name is mainly used in Hindu.
If you select the name Daaruk for your baby, Congratulations! But if you don't like Daaruk then please continue searching our site.


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How to reach Spaces El Segundo LAX.
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Accessible by car from multiple major highways including I-405 and I-105.


text:
September 12, 2018 7:00AM PT
Peter Calloway to Adapt 'Alan Wake' for Television (EXCLUSIVE)
By Brian Crecente
Brian Crecente
Video Games Editor @crecenteb	FOLLOW
Brian's Most Recent Stories
Take-Two's Strauss Zelnick on 'GTA Online' Versus 'Red Dead Online,' Game Streaming
Microsoft VP Phil Spencer Talks Scarlett, Game Pass, Cloud Streaming
Keanu Reeves Was 'Blown Away' By Fan Reaction to E3 Appearance
An "Alan Wake" live-action television series is in development with Peter Calloway ("Cloak & Dagger," "Legion") signed on as showrunner and writer, and game creator Sam Lake as executive producer, Contradiction Films and Remedy Entertainment told Variety.
Contradiction partner Tomas Harlan said the plan is to start shopping the show around in October with Calloway's full pitch. He said he's already seen initial interest from a number of studios.
"'Alan Wake' was basically a TV series that was put into a game," Harlan told Variety. "That was Sam's vision. It was influenced by 'The Twilight Zone,' 'Secret Window,' Hitchcock, 'Northern Exposure,' a lot of U.S. television," he said. "We plan to work closely with Sam on our this show. Sam is a huge part of this. This is his baby."
"Alan Wake," which was released on the Xbox 360 and Windows PC in 2010, followed fictitious best-selling author Alan Wake (Matthew Porretta) on a journey to a small town in Washington state, where he hopes to rid himself of prolonged writer's block. What follows is an increasingly surreal experience that seems to bring the plot from his last novel — which he has no memory of writing — to life.
The game leaned heavily on an episodic structure that delivered levels as if they were episodes in a television series and even features small interactions with in-game televisions that featured snippets of TV shows created for the game. This blending of game and TV helped to redefine a form of interactive storytelling.
While well received by critics, the five-years-in-development game never got a full sequel. "Alan Wake's American Nightmare" was more of a spinoff than a continuation of the first game's story. Developer Remedy did work on a proper sequel for the game, but despite the original selling 4.5 million copies, that game was never realized.
Lake said in 2015 that he had big plans for the game, beyond even a sequel.
"Definitely what we have mapped out is a longer thing than the first game and a sequel; there is more to it," Lake said. "In many ways, we see the universe as a bigger thing. Alan Wake is a very central character, but we have other characters around him like [friend and agent Barry Wheeler] and his wife Alice and Sheriff Sarah Breaker and other characters there. We feel this is a big universe to develop and explore in many ways."
Speaking with Variety this week, Harlan declined to reveal specifics about the upcoming show's plot or how it would fit into the existing games or the unmade sequel.
"I think it's important to embrace those characters and to bring Alan Wake to where he was [in the video game,]" Harlan said. "We can't start the show off where he is fully functioning, running through the forest, taking down lumberjacks."
Harlan added that the show won't tell a story that is in "lockstep" with the game.
Lake told Variety that while Wake is very much "in the heart of this story, there are vitally important characters around him as well."
"The story of the original game is our starting point, the seed which will grow into the bigger story we're exploring in the show," Lake said. "We'll be expanding the lore of this crazy and dark universe and diving deeper into certain aspects of it than the game ever did."
That includes tapping into some of the story planned for that unreleased second game.
"Not only that, but through the years, we've worked on multiple game concepts and stories for Alan Wake's world that have never seen the light of day," Lake said. "All of this material will function as potential source material for the show."
Lake declined to say, though, whether the show's story will be official canon for the Alan Wake universe.
"In a story like 'Alan Wake,' a story filled with mystery and questions, answering this one would be a spoiler," he said.
While Harlan said he hopes that the future success of the show could put Remedy in a position to finally make an "Alan Wake 2" video game ("That would be a dream of mine," he said.), Lake was a bit more reticent to discuss that possibility.
"At the moment, there is no news of any further 'Alan Wake' games," he said. "As before, we're exploring these possibilities and hoping to make it happen when the time is right."
The deal for the TV show came together over the course of multiple meetings and through a lot of persistence by Harlan.
While Contradiction created adaptations based on "Dead Rising" and "Mortal Kombat," Harlan long eyed "Alan Wake" as something he wanted to bring to television.
"'Alan Wake' was a very linear experience," he said. "It's the finest story I've run across in video games. I've played through the game maybe 50 times."
Over the course of several years, Harlan got to know Lake and the people at Remedy, often pushing them to agree to an adaptation, he said. But previous, bad experiences with Hollywood left them cautious about striking any deals.
"We had multiple meetings and they were very clear they weren't interested in an 'Alan Wake' television show," Harlan said. "I'd see them at E3, at the Nordic Games Convention and we became friends over time. I really love, love this game and they started to open up to the idea."
Eventually, Remedy started discussing Harlan's ideas for a show with him and that led to Contradiction creating a team and working up a concept on how the game would make the leap to TV.
"The next step was finding a writer who could create something authentic to the game experience," Harlan said. "Who understood how a game should be adapted versus a novel or other linear experience."
Harlan took a meeting with Calloway at E3 and his pitch "blew it out of the water," Harlan said. "Remedy was blown away by his pitch as was Sam."
The plan moving forward is to start taking meetings after Harlan returns from his wedding, which is this week, and then put together Calloway's full pitch.
While Harlan is very aware of the long, spotty history Hollywood has with video game adaptations, he doesn't think "Alan Wake" will fall victim to the same sort of issues that have haunted much of the movies based on video games.
Television is a big part of that. The medium, Harlan said, is a better fit for video game adaptations than are movies.
"How do you take a 10 to 40-hour experience and distill it down to 90 minutes?" he said. "I don't think you can."
The rise and diversification of the sorts of television shows that are now being made for everyone from HBO and Netflix to the BBC, had a big impact on what Harlan thinks can be done for TV.
"It changed the world and how we look at things," he said. "We have all of this runway now."
Alan Wake
Contradiction Films
Peter Calloway
Sam Lake


Previously we looked at the ins and outs of cylinder heads but, as you're probably aware, your heads don't work in isolation. The correct inlet manifold is essential in putting together an effective package for a given purpose. The intake manifold consists of a series of tubes that distributes the air coming into the engine evenly to each of the cylinders, so that the right amount of air can mix with the right amount of fuel – be it petrol, diesel or gas.
Upstream of the manifolds there will be an air-filter, which may be of several different types: dry paper, oil-soaked or oil-bath, depending upon the engine and the environment in which it's designed to operate. The air intake system may have several other features too: a large empty space may be designed in, to act as a suppressor for variations in air-flow, and the air-intake may have the facility to draw in ambient or pre-heated air, perhaps from near the exhausts, in really cold conditions. The length of the intake can have a significant effect on how well the engine operates and where in the rev-range it develops power and torque. There could be another chamber too, a plenum, but by definition a plenum operates at slightly higher pressure – such as that created by a forward-facing air-intake on a fast-moving vehicle. The diameter of the air-intake can be varied, to slow or speed up the air flowing through it.
Somewhere between the air-filter and the cylinder head will be one or more carburettors, or fuel injectors. A carburettor is a finely-manufactured instrument tasked with atomising liquid fuel into an air-stream created by the engine's induction stroke in very accurately metered volumes; hundreds or probably thousands of books have been written about setting up carburettors.
In contrast, an injector actively squirts droplets of fuel – usually under quite high pressure – into the air-stream in varying places in the induction tract. Injectors are often computer-controlled and may operate several times per intake stroke, depending upon engine design. During the intake stroke, air from the intake manifold is sucked into each cylinder through a valve or valves. These intake valves are then closed for the other strokes and reopen when the cycle starts all over again. It's the intake manifold that's responsible for making sure that there's enough air available when the valve opens for each intake stroke and that each cylinder gets the same amount of air as the others.
The two most common types of four-barrel manifold for V8s are single-plane and dual-plane. A single-plane has one large plenum with all of the runners connected to it. The larger single-plenum is needed to feed a big motor turning fast. Single-plenum motors don't work so well at lower speeds because when multiple valves are open at the same time, they can rob mixture from each other.
The plenum in a dual-plane manifold is divided in two. Each group of four runners is connected to half of the plenum in a way that separates induction strokes by one hundred and eighty degrees of crankshaft rotation. Therefore, no two cylinders on the same stroke are exposed to each other. Although dual-plane manifolds work well at lower revs, they become restrictive at higher speeds with bigger displacement engines because each half of the plenum has access to only half of the carburettor. On the other hand, the smaller volume of air in a dual-plane half-plenum is easier to get moving. Therefore, acceleration from low revs will generally be much livelier with a dual-plane manifold.
A third type of manifold is the tunnel-ram. These are most often seen on very high performance engines. Tunnel-rams feature long, straight runners drawing from a long, central plenum usually designed to take two carburettors. In more recent times, a new hybrid type of manifold has emerged, the high-rise dual-plane. These combine advantages of both high-rise single-plane and dual-plane manifolds. They're available for Holdens and Fords.
Camshaft specifications are a good guide to selecting the right basic class of manifold. A duration in the range of standard to about 230-235 degrees suits a dual-plane. A dual-plane high-rise works from 225 degrees up to about 250-260 degrees. And a single-plane works best with durations from 250 degrees upwards. All these figures are for durations specified at 0.050". Edelbrock also defines manifold suitability using cam duration figures but includes lifts in its specifications. In reality, though, lift figures probably tend to rise roughly in proportion with duration.


Braeburn apples are my favorite apples, but even with high tech, controlled atmosphere storage, their season is relatively brief so I eat ..
The texture and flavor of ripe bananas if often compared to that of ice cream, and yet Americans rarely walk their favorite fruit down tha..
So I guess I'm kind of addicted to this whole frozen fruit filling pie thing. Having tried it out with a few different berries, I figured ..
Living in the deep South, where summer temperatures often perch in the high 90s with humidity in the high, wet army blankets, I've become ..
When I first developed this recipe, more than a few folks thought the peach preserves were a crazy addition. But consider this: Jams and p..
After successfully baking the Frozen Blueberry Pie, we decided to try the same method with strawberries. So why freeze the filling? Longev..
So why freeze the filling? Longevity for one. You can make up a few of these when blueberries are in season and bake tasty pies through th..
I have always felt the marriage of cake and fruit to be powerful magic, especially when the elements in question are subtly segregated. A ..
The trick to using avocados for ice cream is to think of them as eggs. They're even shaped the same. Coincidence? I think not.


MetOcean Solutions is a science-based consultancy that offers specialist numerical modelling and analytical services in meteorology and oceanography. We provide high quality environmental data and expert interpretation to meet the rigorous requirements of the offshore and maritime industries as well as regulatory, defence and government agencies. MetOcean Solutions is a division of state-owned enterprise, Meteorological Service of New Zealand (MetService).
Our team includes a multi-disciplinary group of PhD scientists and technical experts with experience in oceanography, meteorology, atmospheric physics, acoustic signal processing and fluid dynamics, as well as web architecture and development. This unique combination of strong science and technical skills allows us to innovate and push the boundaries in our quest to provide you with exactly the marine weather information you need, for anywhere on Earth.
After decades leading oceanography projects and companies, our three founding directors established MetOcean Solutions in 2005 with a vision to invent clever solutions to connect people to the weather information that matters. Altogether, our staff have thousands of hours of experience working at sea. Some of us have worked in the offshore industry; others have spent years collecting marine data. As a team, we understand the ocean and know what it is like to work at sea.


text:
Q: ActiveRecord Arel OR condition How can you combine 2 different conditions using logical OR instead of AND?
NOTE: 2 conditions are generated as rails scopes and can't be easily changed into something like where("x or y") directly.
Simple example:
admins = User.where(:kind => :admin)
authors = User.where(:kind => :author)

It's easy to apply AND condition (which for this particular case is meaningless):
(admins.merge authors).to_sql
#=> select ... from ... where kind = 'admin' AND kind = 'author'

But how can you produce the following query having 2 different Arel relations already available?
#=> select ... from ... where kind = 'admin' OR kind = 'author'

It seems (according to Arel readme):

The OR operator is not yet supported

But I hope it doesn't apply here and expect to write something like:
(admins.or authors).to_sql

A: ActiveRecord queries are ActiveRecord::Relation objects (which maddeningly do not support or), not Arel objects (which do).
[ UPDATE: as of Rails 5, "or" is supported in ActiveRecord::Relation; see https://stackoverflow.com/a/33248299/190135 ]
But luckily, their where method accepts ARel query objects. So if User < ActiveRecord::Base...
users = User.arel_table
query = User.where(users[:kind].eq('admin').or(users[:kind].eq('author')))

query.to_sql now shows the reassuring:
SELECT "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE (("users"."kind" = 'admin' OR "users"."kind" = 'author'))

For clarity, you could extract some temporary partial-query variables:
users = User.arel_table
admin = users[:kind].eq('admin')
author = users[:kind].eq('author')
query = User.where(admin.or(author))

And naturally, once you have the query you can use query.all to execute the actual database call.

A: From the actual arel page:

The OR operator works like this:
users.where(users[:name].eq('bob').or(users[:age].lt(25)))

A: I'm a little late to the party, but here's the best suggestion I could come up with:
admins = User.where(:kind => :admin)
authors = User.where(:kind => :author)

admins = admins.where_values.reduce(:and)
authors = authors.where_values.reduce(:and)

User.where(admins.or(authors)).to_sql
# => "SELECT \"users\".* FROM \"users\"  WHERE ((\"users\".\"kind\" = 'admin' OR \"users\".\"kind\" = 'author'))"

A: I've hit the same problem looking for an activerecord alternative to mongoid's #any_of.
@jswanner answer is good, but will only work if the where parameters are a Hash :
> User.where( email: 'foo', first_name: 'bar' ).where_values.reduce( :and ).method( :or )
=> #<Method: Arel::Nodes::And(Arel::Nodes::Node)#or>

> User.where( "email = 'foo' and first_name = 'bar'" ).where_values.reduce( :and ).method( :or )
NameError: undefined method `or' for class `String'

To be able to use both strings and hashes, you can use this :
q1 = User.where( "email = 'foo'" )
q2 = User.where( email: 'bar' )
User.where( q1.arel.constraints.reduce( :and ).or( q2.arel.constraints.reduce( :and ) ) )

Indeed, that's ugly, and you don't want to use that on a daily basis. Here is some #any_of implementation I've made : https://gist.github.com/oelmekki/5396826
It let do that :
> q1 = User.where( email: 'foo1' ); true
=> true

> q2 = User.where( "email = 'bar1'" ); true
=> true

> User.any_of( q1, q2, { email: 'foo2' }, "email = 'bar2'" )
User Load (1.2ms)  SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE (((("users"."email" = 'foo1' OR (email = 'bar1')) OR "users"."email" = 'foo2') OR (email = 'bar2')))

Edit : since then, I've published a gem to help building OR queries.

A: Just make a scope for your OR condition:
scope :author_or_admin, where(['kind = ? OR kind = ?', 'Author', 'Admin'])

A: As of Rails 5 we have ActiveRecord::Relation#or, allowing you to do this:
User.where(kind: :author).or(User.where(kind: :admin))

...which gets translated into the sql you'd expect:
>> puts User.where(kind: :author).or(User.where(kind: :admin)).to_sql
SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE ("users"."kind" = 'author' OR "users"."kind" = 'admin')

A: Using SmartTuple it's going to look something like this:
tup = SmartTuple.new(" OR ")
tup << {:kind => "admin"}
tup << {:kind => "author"}
User.where(tup.compile)

OR
User.where((SmartTuple.new(" OR ") + {:kind => "admin"} + {:kind => "author"}).compile)

You may think I'm biased, but I still consider traditional data structure operations being far more clear and convenient than method chaining in this particular case.

A: To extend jswanner answer (which is actually awesome solution and helped me) for googling people:
you can apply scope like this
scope :with_owner_ids_or_global, lambda{ |owner_class, *ids|
  with_ids = where(owner_id: ids.flatten).where_values.reduce(:and)
  with_glob = where(owner_id: nil).where_values.reduce(:and)
  where(owner_type: owner_class.model_name).where(with_ids.or( with_glob ))
}

User.with_owner_ids_or_global(Developer, 1, 2)
# =>  ...WHERE `users`.`owner_type` = 'Developer' AND ((`users`.`owner_id` IN (1, 2) OR `users`.`owner_id` IS NULL))

A: Unfortunately it is not supported natively, so we need to hack here.
And the hack looks like this, which is pretty inefficient SQL (hope DBAs are not looking at it :-) ):
admins = User.where(:kind => :admin)
authors = User.where(:kind => :author)

both = User.where("users.id in (#{admins.select(:id)}) OR users.id in (#{authors.select(:id)})")
both.to_sql # => where users.id in (select id from...) OR users.id in (select id from)

This generates subselets.
And a little better hack (from SQL perspective) looks like this:
admins_sql = admins.arel.where_sql.sub(/^WHERE/i,'')
authors_sql = authors.arel.where_sql.sub(/^WHERE/i,'')
both = User.where("(#{admins_sql}) OR (#{authors_sql})")
both.to_sql # => where <admins where conditions> OR <authors where conditions>

This generates proper OR condition, but obviously it only takes into account the WHERE part of the scopes.
I chose the 1st one until I'll see how it performs.
In any case, you must be pretty careful with it and watch the SQL generated.

A: What about this approach: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_querying.html#hash-conditions (and check 2.3.3)
admins_or_authors = User.where(:kind => [:admin, :author])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Homeowners installing solar look forward to the savings that they will be receiving when generating their own clean, solar energy and then using energy stored in a battery. With energy retailers continuously raising rates for homeowners far beyond the rate of cost of living – many installing solar look forward to the savings they will reap – but ask when will they begin to see the savings off their energy bills?
Once installed your rooftop solar system will begin generating clean, solar energy for your home and power your household appliances once the sun rises. As opposed to importing energy from the grid, this energy is free to import from your rooftop solar – you've generated the solar energy and you get to use it for your home.
No matter when you use energy; whether it be more so in the evening or daytime – you begin saving on your energy once successfully installed – no waiting periods.
Saving with solar is easy enough to understand, without solar your home is constantly importing energy from the national grid to power appliances and lifestyles. This power is charged per kilowatt hour (kWh) of energy and rates are established by your energy retailer – these rates are constantly increasing which has resulted in many homeowners going without heating during winter months or air-conditioning during heatwaves. Some homeowners are charged almost 40c/kWh, that doesn't seem like much but when you add up all your background appliances e.g. microwave, kettle, TV, fridge/freezer this is high usage charge and the growing dependency on electricity for households is why during winter and summer months there are families going without heating and cooling for their home – simply because they cannot afford to use these appliances.
At point of sale, you will receive a government-subsidy in the form of STCs (small-technology certificates) which is applied to your order. The subsidy provided varies per month and varies on where you are located.
For any excess energy that your solar system may generate this if fed into the national grid and you are paid a certain amount of money per kilowatt hour that is fed into the grid as some thanks for helping ease demand on the grid. The prices vary by state and territory, to find out how much you will be paid through your feed-in-tariff contact your energy provider.
Your solar system will pay itself off through savings seen on your energy bills. With a solar storage solution this may be in the form of energy imported during peak periods. Even after your system has paid itself off through savings it will still generate and store energy for your home – saving you money long after it has initially paid itself off.
Why make the move to solar?
Unfortunately, the national grid has not kept up with the progression of technology and growing demand which has caused a great deal of power outages and blackouts for homes all around Australia – particularly south-eastern Australia – South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. By using your own solar energy, you will not depend so much on the national grid but be in control of your household solar generation. Savings with solar begin from day one with your rebate applied at point of sale, feed-in-credits earned from the very first kWh of energy exported to the grid and appliances running off 'free' solar energy.
Solar batteries with blackout protection give you the peace of mind for when the national grid is out and there is a grid outage. Blackout protection protects your lifestyle and appliances from an outage, power your own way through a blackout. Why should your life be interrupted because the national grid is old and outdated? Solar battery storage with blackout protection powers your life through a blackout to keep your life running.
Why wait for July price rises? Install solar and get off the grid during peak rates. Call us today on 1300 28 29 30 for your solar installation or learn more here.
Energy Efficiency In The Home How Much Energy Will A Solar System Produce for My Home?


Share and put on discussion anything that could be helpful for the community.
How is it possible to have O-negative blood type? Tell us what do you know.
If you, your friend or relative need blood transfusion, ask here for help.


text:
Bands Music
Terebra
Terebra creates songs that reflect the Gothic Metal sound and genre, mixing various influences and styles
The band was founded in 2010 in Lucca, Italy by Myriam and Kone. After several changes within the group, the line-up became official in 2013 with Ross, Iron Maida and Flavio.
Terebra's demo came out in April 2014 and, after Flavio's departure from the band, the music video for the single "Resilience" was released on 30/05/2015.
At the same time, the band announced the collaboration with Antonio Inserillo for the production of the first album; the multi-instrumentalist (drummer in the well-noted metal band Death SS and bass player in Rhumornero) also worked on the single "Resilience".
Terebra creates songs that reflect the Gothic Metal sound and genre, mixing various influences and styles, like prog, heavy and the ethereal atmospheres that define the genre itself. Therefore the band wants to propose an alternative form of Gothic, yet taking inspiration from bands like Within Temptation, Leaves' Eyes, Opeth, Lacuna Coil, Moonspell.
Vocals: Myriam Raska
Guitar: Kone
Guitar: Ross
Bass: Iron Maida
Drums: Antonio Inserillo
Photographer: Eleonora Ishtara
Find more information about Terebra here:
By Gothic and Amazing Team
Gothic and Amazing Team
Lovelorn Dolls
Annina Melissa


text:
Q: Exact solution to the first order matrix differential equation I wonder whether the matrix differential equation
$$\dot x(t) + A(t) x(t)=0,$$
can be solved exactly. Here, $x(t)$ is a 4-component vector and $A$ is a $4\times 4$ matrix.
Question: Does the above equation exactly solvable, for general $A(t)$?
If not, suppose further that $A(t)$ has the following form
$$A(t) = \begin{pmatrix}
0&c& e^{i\omega t}& 0 \\
c&0&0& e^{i\omega t} \\
e^{-i\omega t} & 0& 0& c \\
0& e^{-i\omega t}& c& 0
\end{pmatrix}.$$
Here, $c, \omega$ are constants. With these assumptions, does the above differential equation exactly solvable?
If the answer is again no, then I wonder the exact solvability of the following simplified differential equation:
$$\dot y(t) + B(t) y(t)=0,$$
where
$$B(t) = \begin{pmatrix}
0 & e^{i\omega t} \\ e^{-i\omega t} & c \end{pmatrix}.$$
Again, $c,\omega$ are constants.
The above questions are motivated from physics. Thanks in advance.


There's considerable talk about the ways the Food and Drug Administration might change the rules on nutrition labeling. The agency said in October that it would review front-of-pack labels for violations, and there's good evidence that it will implement a universal system.
The Center for Science in the Public Interest — one of the more vocal critics of the current, disorganized labeling landscape — just weighed in with its recommendations. You'll recall that back in 1990 the CSPI successfully campaigned for the legislation that brought us Nutrition Facts. Now, the group says, the Facts aren't as useful as they used to be — food companies have figured out ways to skirt them and mask what's really in products.
To ensure complete transparency, the CSPI recommends several changes to the Nutrition Facts panel. First off, make the type showing calories and serving size bigger. Second, provide context for servings of fat, sodium, cholesterol and so on by indicating high content percentages in red. And rather than list ingredients by prevalence, separate the major ingredients from the minor ones, and group these together so consumers can see the different types of sugars, oils and so on.
The group also wants the FDA to get stricter on claims like "Strengthens Immunity" and "0 Grams of Trans Fat" that it says can be deceptive.
Some of this will no doubt make the Nutrition Facts label easier to read. I have to say, I really like the idea of providing context, since many consumers don't know how much is too much sodium, or when something's beyond the recommended amount of fat.
It's important not to make matters more complicated by throwing more information at people. Efficiency and transparency need to be the focus here. Not an easy task, to be sure, but the FDA is clearly working hard, and groups like CSPI are keeping the issue on the front burner, where it belongs.


PFA corrugated tubing is a high level protection system for cables in high temperature machinery and chemical process plant applications. Such tubing also performs well as Secondary Containment to inner tubes of PTFE, FEP or PFA transporting very corrosive fluids in high traffic areas where personnel safety is an important requirement.
*Other sizes on request, tooling costs may apply.


text:
in Business Profile
F5: The Ultimate Passion Project
In 2016, Adam Martin founded F5 Project, a Fargo nonprofit that helps the incarcerated transition back to civilian life through housing, mentorship and other services.
by Nate Mickelberg August 10, 2018, 9:25 am 1.5k Views
Photos by J. Alan Paul Photography
Meet a Fargo Social Entrepreneur Changing the Conversation About Felons
Five years ago, Adam Martin was jobless, car-less and just getting out of his latest stint in prison when he decided to apply for a sales job at a local technology company. It wound up not only becoming the impetus for him turning his own life around but allowed him to launch an organization that's now helping fellow felons do the same. In 2016, he founded F5 Project, a Fargo nonprofit that helps the incarcerated transition back to civilian life through housing, mentorship and other services. With his new company, F5 Ventures, which specializes in top line sales funneling, Martin hires many former felons. In fact, in the last six months, Martin has hired six felons and the business is quickly taking off. Here are 10 things to know about the organization and the individuals it represents.
Project Founder Adam Martin
Originally from Moorhead, Adam Martin jokes that, being the son of parents who met in a treatment facility, he was "pretty screwed from the start." After years of troublemaking and recreational drug use, in 2013, Martin made a decision to turn his life around and was hired on as a sales rep at a local technology company. After doing that for a few years, he decided to pursue something closer to "where his heart was" and founded F5 Project, a Fargo nonprofit that helps area felons transition from incarceration to civilian life.
1. It was after a speech he gave at a United Way event that Adam Martin realized just how badly the local business community needed a face of addiction and incarceration.
Martin: "I spoke at that United Way event, and before I even got off the stage, my inbox was full, as were my Facebook updates and tweets. There were people coming out of the woodwork who had been my clients for a long time telling me, 'I have a brother in prison. I have no idea what to do.' That was kind of how (F5) started, just by having conversations with loved ones."
2. Excitement and enthusiasm, though, soon gave way to the burden of true responsibility.
Martin: "I liked the limelight. I enjoyed being in the paper and having people blogging and tweeting about how awesome I am. To be honest, those first couple months, I lived it up. It felt awesome. I felt like a rockstar and was 'Fargo Famous.'
"The problem, though, is that when you put yourself out there like that, people ask for help. And it humbled me big time. Because the local papers wanted to write about me, so I had to go do an interview, but then at the same time, one of the guys who just gotten out of jail called and asked if I could help him. And I could justify in my mind that I need to get (F5) out there more, or I could actually do what I said I was going to do."
3. Martin credits a lot of F5's success to his past sales experience.
Martin: "I applied a lot of for-profit thinking into the nonprofit world. Every industry I've come in contact with has people who say one thing and do another.
"There are crappy salespeople everywhere, but there are really good ones, too. And the really good ones do exactly what they say they're going to do. So that's what we do. When people call us, we answer. When people ask us for help, we provide solutions. When people need solutions, we custom-fit them."
The Five Pillars of F5
Healthy Socialization
4. He says his biggest competitor isn't other organizations that do the same thing as his own.
Martin: "My biggest competitors are drug-dealers and people who don't give a crap about our community. They would rather sell you dope than let you have a good life. Our prisons and jails are filled with drug addicts, not drug dealers. Because the addicts are the ones who have to run the dope, and they're the ones who have to put in the time and the grunt work and the backpacks full of dope."
5. Rethinking the landlord-tenant relationship has been a key driver of success for F5.
Martin: "There's a lot of power in being a property manager or an owner. You can say who lives somewhere, and you can evict someone any time you want. A lot of these guys have evictions and felonies, so I thought, 'I wonder what it would look like if we treated them like they didn't? What if the property manager is the one who's supposed to be providing the solution?'
"Instead of just showing up whenever there's a problem with a dishwasher or to collect rent, why don't we show up and see if there's anything we can do for them? And go about it proactively. And it was crazy: 98 percent of the guys in the houses all of a sudden had jobs. A bunch of them were in recovery; a bunch of them were going to 12-step based meetings; and a lot of them were texting us every day just to let us know that they were doing okay."
What Does F5 Mean, Anyway?
Commonly known as the function keys on a computer keyboard, F1 through F12 may have a variety of different uses, but F5 is special for one reason: It's the refresh key. No matter what data you have on your computer screen, when you hit F5, it all gets deleted.
"This is really what any person with a (criminal) background wants," says F5 Project Founder Adam Martin, "to start over, clean and refresh."
6. There's probably no one who can understand the felon experience as well as entrepreneurs, Martin says.
Martin: "Starting up your life without any investments and starting up a company without any seed money are very similar. You're going to have to knock on doors; you're going to have to fill out applications and grants — and with no data and no experience. It's all the same.
"And when I talk to felons about that, they get it. When I try to pitch that to business owners, they have to really be brought through it to understand and remember what it was like when they started their company. You're eating ramen. You have no money. You don't know how you're going to make it to the next week. Now imagine living like that for years."
7. Martin: Many felons possess a number of unique and highly sought-after skills that can be applied to the workplace.
They're unconventional thinkers.
Martin: "Their outside-the-box style of thinking and creativity are insane. It may not always be the 'correct' way to do something, but it gets done, and you don't have to worry about it."
They're go-getters.
Martin: "I know that if I go to any of our guys (at sister company F5 Ventures) and say, 'I need you to knock on 10 doors and set up a meeting with someone to meet with one of our clients,' they'll leave that moment and go knock on 10 doors. They're not prone to sit there and try to strategically research and figure out how to knock on the door or know what to say. Execution is king."
They're emotionally intelligent.
Martin: "I've come to believe that people who are formerly incarcerated are very high with emotional and social intelligence. They're the guys you don't want to play poker against. Because they can read you. Just imagine a guy who, for his whole life, grew up in juvenile detention and then had case managers, social workers, psychologists and now he's in prison. (It's a survival skill)."
They're unafraid to fail.
Martin: "Every college kid or every person I've hired who hasn't been locked up, I have to walk them through things, give them scripts, sometimes even teach them how to dial a phone. They're afraid to fail. Whereas, us (felons), we've known nothing but failure."
They're great networkers.
Martin: "People who have grown up in institutions are constantly surrounded by people. In prison, you're not 'in the hole' all the time; you're around people. You have to learn how to adapt and talk to them.
"I have four guys who work for me on the (F5) Ventures side. I give them a list of phone numbers and say, 'I need you to call these people and set up appointments for our clients to go do introductory meetings and go pitch their products.' I walk away, and they're already doing it."
Photos courtesy of Cass County Jail.
Adam Martin in his past life
8. F5 is a great community investment.
Martin: "It's anywhere from $40,000 – $77,000 a year to lock somebody up. We're creating an investment that, when they come out of jail or prison, it saves insane amounts of money.
"The status quo is always: Have more beds available in the prisons and jails. Why? Because they're forecasting it's only going to get worse. Why? Because we don't have the resources readily available to the people coming out. There are no re-entry programs. A guy gets out at 8 o'clock in the morning, gets put on a bus and gets sent to Fargo. Now what?
"It's also why our homeless shelters are insanely packed because we're having to fill them up for people who don't need to be there. So what we're doing is taking guys out of there who I think can do really well really fast if they have the right investments and letting the homeless shelters and detoxes and treatment centers focus on those high-priority maintenance people."
While F5 residents don't pay for housing or any of the services they receive, they are encouraged to "extend the grace" in other ways to the community. Here are a few examples. Many of them:
Mentor new F5 residents
Mentor juvenile delinquents
Get involved with church or 12-step groups
Start businesses
9. Martin believes felons are the missing piece to workplace development.
Martin: "This is the piece we're missing in the workforce is guys with really high emotional intelligence who aren't scared to fail. That's the entrepreneur mindset. I would rather start a company with a guy who's been formerly incarcerated any day of the week because I know things are going to get done.
"I was at Microsoft recently, and we talked about this with a group of people, how emotional intelligence is something they're looking for because it's not very high today like it used to be. Every person who's not a felon that I've hired to do sales has quit. NDSU also brought me over to talk about how to be engaging to people. Because the common trend they're seeing in the workforce is that you can no longer just let a college kid loose to go do their job because they need to have complete direction given to them: 'Do this. Now do this. Now do this.'"
"I would rather start a company with a guy who's been formerly incarcerated any day of the week because I know things are going to get done."
10. Martin has one question for business owners when considering a felon for a job: What's the worst that can happen?
Martin: "The first thing that I'd like to say is that if you had a bad experience with a felon, chances are it's only been one, and you gave up. How many people who aren't felons have you hired who have either lied or not shown up?
"Really question your thinking and your biases when it comes to people who have been formally incarcerated. Am I treating them the way I would anyone else, or am I completely blanketing a whole group of people?
"The second thing is: Do you think they're ready? Ask them what they've done since they've gotten out of prison. Did they show up at your workplace first? Do they have identification? Are they ready for this? What are their charges? That's a big one is: Do their charges have something to do with a daily activity they'd be doing?
"If you're a bank, and you're thinking of hiring a felon and he's been charged with embezzlement, you might want to reconsider. If they've been in recovery or been out of prison for five years and they've built a good reputation of doing well financially, give 'em a chance. There's nothing wrong with getting personal in an interview."
F5 Project House
Lakes and Prairies Community Action Partnership
Moorhead Public Housing
Clay County Housing Authority
Cass County Social and Family Services
Clay County Social Services
Fargo Housing and Redevelopment
Southern ND Community Action Agency
Second-Chance Employers
Wanzek Construction
Solid Comfort
K + L Concrete
Family Healthcare – Homeless Services
Fargo Cass Public Health
FM Good Neighbor Project
Clay County Public Health
Fargo VA Medical Center
Veterans Justice Outreach
Supported Employment for Veterans
MetroFlex
Landlord List
Personal Touch Management
Danbury Office
Goldmark Properties
Roers
If you're a decision-maker at your business and are interested in joining the list of second-chance employers (see above) or just want to learn more about F5 Project or F5 Ventures, contact Adam Martin directly.
"I'll take all the time in the world to walk you through the tax credits and walk you through why the felon in the Fargo-Moorhead area is the fastest way for our economy to continue to build, as long as we're willing to take second chances on them," Martin says.
Founder, F5 Project/F5 Ventures
Adam@F5Project.org
Meet an F5 Guy: Mike Broadwell
Mike Broadwell says it was a "perfect storm of nothing" that led to him catching his case in 2011.
"I was in between jobs; in between girlfriends; in between cars, dogs and cats," says Broadwell, who, at the time had recently moved from his native California to small-town Ashley, ND. "I was in between everything and didn't have any attachments for the first time in my life."
An altercation with some locals landed him a 10-year prison sentence, and when he got out early in August 2017 with nothing to his name and nowhere to go, it was F5 Project and Adam Martin that were his saving grace.
"I was walking out of the prison gates with a birth certificate and a social security card," Broadwell says. "And a handful of prison t-shirts and underwear. And that was it. I had nothing. The day I got out of prison, Adam met me, picked me up, brought me to the house and got me in a room. They give you the opportunity to fix your life and the opportunity to network with other guys who are going through the same situation."
Less than a year later, Broadwell has started his own business, Goodfellas Flooring; gotten his drivers license back; opened two bank accounts; is insured; and has his own vehicle.
"I've also re-established connection with at least three-quarters of my family," he says, "people I've lost track of over the last 10 or 15 years."
What Mike Says About F5
"With the opportunities and tools that F5 gives you, they're not going to do it for you. You have to go out and do it yourself. I'm lucky to be alive and to be in the position I'm in right now, with people backing me and pulling for me. It all comes down to wanting it. That's what F5 stresses. It's up to you. We're not going to help you any more than you want to help yourself, and all I can say is that I have so much loyalty and dedication for this organization because they've helped me help myself."
Meet an F5 Guy: Matt Becker
When Matt Becker was in federal prison in Colorado a couple years ago, he had a realization.
"I was just like, 'Man, I'm so tired of this,'" he recalls. "I'm spending my whole life in a box. Something's gotta change, but I didn't know what.
"So I started making an inventory of things in my life that were holding me back: No. 1 was my attitude. No. 2 was the people I hang around with. No. 3 was that I'd never really given myself a shot at doing the right thing."
It was a moment of true self-reflection for the Fargo native who'd spent most of his 20s locked up, first for an armed robbery in West Fargo in 2009 and then for possession of a firearm a few years later.
When he got out the last time, he says he made up his mind that he was really going to change for good, even if it meant he had to wash dishes. He ended up getting a job washing trucks, and not long after, met Adam Martin through a mutual friend. After sitting down with him, he realized quickly that F5 was where he wanted to be.
Martin offered Becker an unpaid internship, an opportunity that he jumped at, despite the crazy hours it would require.
"I would sleep like 3 hours a day, but I was dedicated to it," says Becker, who, after the internship, was able to quit the truck wash and came on full-time as a business development representative for F5 Project's sister company, F5 Ventures. "I had in my head, 'I'm going to do this. If I can dedicate my whole life to being a gangster and doing dumb stuff, I can dedicate some time to doing the right thing.'
"I've taken so much from the community. It's only right to do what I can to give back."
What Matt Says About F5
"F5 absolutely changed my life. It's given me a purpose and a drive, and every single day, I get up and look forward to coming to work. If you would've told me a few years ago, 'You're gonna have an office job, and you're gonna love it, and you're gonna enjoy work and coworkers,' I would've told you you were crazy. But I do. Every day, I love coming here; I love the people I work with; I love my bosses; I love what I do. It's given me something to focus on in my life."
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Written by Nate Mickelberg
Nate Mickelberg is the former editor of Fargo INC! He holds his master's in journalism from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University.
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in Business Profile, CEO, Featured
The SCHEELS Way With CEO Steve M. Scheel: How To Build A Business That Will Last
Achieve Your Growth Potential With FF Fisher
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text:
Coffee production in Colombia
"Cafe de Columbia" and "Cafe de colombia" redirect here. For the cycling team in the 1980s, see Café de Colombia. For the current cycling team formerly sponsored by Café de Colombia, see Team Manzana Postobón.
Coffee production in Colombia has a reputation as producing mild, well-balanced coffee beans.[1][2][3][4] Colombia's average annual coffee production of 11.5 million bags is the second total highest in the world, after Brazil, though highest in terms of the arabica bean.[5][6][7][8] The beans are exported to United States, Germany, France, Japan, and Italy.[9] Most coffee is grown in the Colombian coffee growing axis region. In 2007, the European Union granted Colombian coffee a protected designation of origin status.[10] In 2011, UNESCO declared the "Coffee Cultural Landscape" of Colombia, a World Heritage site.[11]
Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia
Colombia's coffee growing axis is a World Heritage Site
Cultural: (v), (vi)
141,120 ha (348,700 acres)
5°28′18″N 75°40′54″W / 5.47167°N 75.68167°W / 5.47167; -75.68167Coordinates: 5°28′18″N 75°40′54″W / 5.47167°N 75.68167°W / 5.47167; -75.68167
Location of Coffee Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site in Colombia
The coffee plant had spread to Colombia by 1790.[12] The oldest written testimony of the presence of coffee in Colombia is attributed to a Jesuit priest, José Gumilla. In his book The Orinoco Illustrated (1730), he registered the presence of coffee in the mission of Saint Teresa of Tabajé, near where the Meta river empties into the Orinoco. Further testimony comes from the archbishop-viceroy Caballero y Gongora (1787) who registered the presence of the crop in the north east of the country near Giron (Santander) and Muzo (Boyaca) in a report that he provided to the Spanish authorities.
1 Early cultivation
2 Exportation
2.1 Setbacks
2.2 Consequences
2.3 From 1905 to 1907 to the present
4 Colombian coffee growing axis
5 National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia
6 Juan Valdez
7 National Coffee Park
Early cultivationEdit
The first coffee crops were planted in the eastern part of the country. In 1808 the first commercial production was registered with 100 green coffee bags (60 kg each) that were exported from the port of Cucuta, near the border with Venezuela.[13] A priest named Francisco Romero is attributed to have been very influential in the propagation of the crop in the northeast region of the country. After hearing the confession of the parishioners of the town of Salazar de la Palmas, he required as penance the cultivation of coffee. Coffee became established in the departments of Santander and North Santander, Cundinamarca, Antioquia, and the historic region of Caldas.
ExportationEdit
Despite these early developments, the consolidation of coffee as a Colombian export did not come about until the second half of the 19th century. The great expansion that the world economy underwent at that time allowed Colombian landowners to find attractive opportunities in international markets. Little by little, the United States became the most important consumer of coffee in the world, while (Germany) and France became the most important markets in Europe.
SetbacksEdit
The then large Colombian landowners had already tried to exploit the new opportunities that the expansion of the international markets offered. Between 1850 and 1857 the country experienced a significant increase in tobacco and quinine exports, and thereafter leather and live cattle. These early efforts in the export of agricultural commodities turned out too fragile; they in fact were only reactionary attempts to find the greatest profitability from the high international prices of the time, rather than attempts to create a solid and diversified export platform. The production of these sectors went into a period of decline when the respective bonanza of their international prices terminated, hence a true industrial consolidation was prevented.
With the fall of international prices, that registered the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, the profitability of the large estates plummeted. As if this was not enough, the Thousand Days War, which took place during the first years of the new century, also negatively influenced the important landowners, making it impossible for them to maintain their plantations in good conditions; this circumstance summed to the fact that these producers had incurred in large amounts of foreign debt in order to further develop their plantations, which finally ruined them. The coffee estates of Santander and North Santander entered into crisis and the estates of Cundinamarca and Antioquia stalled.
ConsequencesEdit
A coffee plantation in Quimbaya, Quindío.
The crisis that affected the large estates brought with it one of the most significant changes of the Colombian coffee industry. Since 1875, the number of small coffee producers had begun to grow in Santander as well as in some regions of Antioquia and in the region referred to as Viejo or Old Caldas. In the first decades of the 20th century a new model to develop coffee exports based on the rural economy had already been consolidated, supported by internal migration and the colonization of new territories in the center and western regions of the country, principally in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Valle, and in the northern part of Tolima. Both the expansion of this new coffee model and the crisis that affected the large estates allowed the western regions of Colombia to take the lead in the development of the coffee industry in the country.
This transformation was very favorable for the owners of the small coffee estates that were entering the coffee market. The cultivation of coffee was a very attractive option for local farmers, as it offered the possibility of making permanent and intensive use of the land. Under this productive model of the traditional agriculture, based on the slash and burn method, the land remained unproductive for long periods of time. In contrast, coffee offered the possibility of having an intense agriculture, without major technical requirements and without sacrificing the cultivation of subsistence crops, thus generating the conditions for the expansion of a new coffee culture, dominated by small farms.
From 1905 to 1907 to the presentEdit
Although this new breed of coffee made of country farmers demonstrated a significant capacity to grow at the margin of current international prices, Colombia did not have a relatively important dynamism in the global market of this product. During the period between 1905 and 1935 the coffee industry in Colombia grew dynamically thanks to the vision and long term politics derived from the creation of the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia (National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia) in 1927.
The union of local farmers and small producers around the Federation permitted them to confront logistical and commercial difficulties that would not have been possible individually. With time and through the research made at Cenicafé, founded in 1938, and the Federation's agricultural Extension Service, improved cultivation systems. More efficient spatial patterns were developed that permitted the differentiation of the product and supported its quality. Currently the Land of Coffee in Colombia includes all of the mountain ranges and other mountainous regions of the country, and generates income for over 500,000 coffee farming families.
Climate changeEdit
While a 2011 New York Times article claimed that regional climate change associated with global warming had caused Colombian coffee production to decline from 12 million 132-pound bags, the standard measure, to 9 million bags between 2006 - 2010, with average temperatures rising 1 degree Celsius between 1980 and 2010, and average precipitation increasing 25 percent in the preceding years, disrupting the specific climatic requirements of the Coffea arabica bean[14], yields of Colombia coffee increased significantly from 2011 to 2018 to 14.2 million bags. [15]
Colombian coffee growing axisEdit
Main article: Colombian coffee growing axis
The coffee growing axis (Spanish: Eje Cafetero), also known as the coffee triangle (Spanish: Triángulo del Café) is a part of the Colombian Paisa region. There are three departments in the area: Caldas, Quindío and Risaralda. These departments are among the smallest departments in Colombia with a total combined area of 13873 km² (5356 mi²), about 1.2% of the Colombian territory. The combined population is 2,291,195 (2005 census).[16] In 2011 UNESCO declared the region a World Heritage site.[11]
National Federation of Coffee Growers of ColombiaEdit
Main article: National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia
The National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia is a non-profit business association, popularly known for its "Juan Valdez" marketing campaign. The federation was founded in 1927 as a business cooperative that promotes the production and exportation of Colombian coffee. It currently represents more than 500,000 producers, most of whom are small family owned farms. The federation supports research and development in the production of coffee through grants to local universities and through federation sponsored research institutes. The federation also monitors production to ensure export quality standards are met. The Federation was founded with three objectives: 1) to protect the industry, 2) to study its problems, and 3) to further its interests.[17] The Juan Valdez branding concept was developed in 1981 to distinguish 100% Colombian coffee from coffee blended with beans from other countries. The trademark made its first TV appearance in 1983 featuring a country farmer carrying coffee on his mule.
Juan ValdezEdit
Main article: Juan Valdez
Juan Valdez is a fictional character who has appeared in adverts for the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia since 1958, representing a Colombian coffee farmer. The adverts were designed by the Doyle Dane Bernbach ad agency, with the goal of distinguishing 100%-Colombian coffee from coffee blended with beans from other countries. He typically appears alongside his mule Conchita,[18] carrying sacks of harvested coffee beans. He has become an icon for Colombia as well as coffee in general, and Juan Valdez's iconic appearance is frequently mimicked or parodied in television and other media.
National Coffee ParkEdit
Main article: National Coffee Park
A theme park based on Colombian coffee production was built in the Quindío area in 1995 by the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia and the Departmental Committee of Coffee Growers of Quindío. In 2009 the park received its 5 millionth visitor.[19]
Astrid Medina
^ Charles W. Bergquist (1 October 1986). Coffee and Conflict in Colombia, 1886–1910. Duke University Press. p. xvii.
^ Philip Kotler (11 December 2012). Kotler on Marketing. Simon and Schuster. p. 104.
^ Meister (10 June 2013). "What Do Coffees from the Major Growing Regions Taste Like?". seriouseats.com.
^ Patricia McCausland-Gallo (2004). Secrets of Colombian Cooking. Hippocrene Books. p. 3.
^ "World coffee trade (1963–2013)" (PDF). International Coffee Association. 24 February 2014.
^ "History of Coffee in Colombia". equalexchange.coop.
^ "Coffee Market and Colombia". american.edu. May 2001. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
^ "World's Top 10 Coffee-Producing Countries in 2010–2011". Bloomberg.
^ "TED Case Study: Coffee Market and Colombia" (in Spanish). American University, The School of International Service. 13 August 2001. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
^ "European Union gives to 'Café de Colombia' the protected denomination of origin" (in Spanish). Terra. 13 August 2007. Archived from the original on 8 May 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2008.
^ a b Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia, UNESCO, unesco.org
^ Kalayya Krishnamurthy (2002). Pioneers in scientific discoveries. Mittal Publications. p. 49.
^ Marco Palacios (1980). Coffee in Colombia, 1850—1970. An economic, social, and political history. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
^ Elizabeth, Rosenthal (10 March 2011). "Heat Damages Colombia Coffee, Raising Prices". The New York Times.
^ Gomez, Lady (15 May 2018). "U.S. Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report" (PDF).
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2013. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Colombian government census
^ Uribe C., Andrés; Brown Gold, The Amazing Story of Coffee; Random House, Inc., New York, 1954, Pg 113, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 55-5793
^ theaxisagency (9 December 2008). "Juan Valdez - Telemundo - Media Clip". Retrieved 2 June 2019 – via YouTube.
^ [1] Archived 27 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Official website of the Parque Nacional del Café
Media related to Coffee in Colombia at Wikimedia Commons
Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia, UNESCO, unesco.org
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coffee_production_in_Colombia&oldid=932460245"


text:
Fox News Halftime Report
Warren secures spot behind Biden
By Chris Stirewalt | Fox News
Sen. Elizabeth Warren signals support for end of 'occupation' by Israel
Activists from If Not Now approached the Democratic presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren to ask her about foreign policy regarding Israel; reaction and analysis from Rep. Lee Zeldin, Republican congressman from New York.
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On the roster: Warren secures spot behind Biden - Acosta out - Pelosi supports push to raise debt limit - Wyoming could see a Senate showdown - First Uber Eats, next Uber animal rescue
NBC News: "Former Vice President Joe Biden and Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., lead the Democratic presidential field, according to the national NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll's opening measure of the 2020 horse race. Biden gets the support of 26 percent of voters who say they will participate in next year's Democratic primaries or caucuses, while 19 percent back Warren. They're followed by Sens. Kamala Harris, D-Calif., and Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., who are tied at 13 percent. South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg gets support from 7 percent of Democratic primary voters, and former Texas Congressman Beto O'Rourke and entrepreneur Andrew Yang are at 2 percent. No other candidate gets more than 1 percent. Biden performs best among African Americans, older Democrats and those who are moderate or conservative in their political views, while Warren runs strongest with self-described liberals and those ages 18 to 49. Sanders also performs best among the youngest Democratic primary voters."
Biden holds lead among South Carolina Democrats - Fox News: "South Carolina Democratic primary voters, more than half of whom are expected to be African American, say former Vice President Joe Biden is the best candidate to handle racial issues. Even among black voters, he bests California Sen. Kamala Harris, who pressed Biden on the issue during the first Democratic debate. Biden apologized for remarks he made about working with segregationist senators in the 1970s at a Saturday campaign event in Sumter, S.C. A Fox News Poll released Thursday finds Biden leading on an array of other key issues as well. Overall, Biden garners 35 percent among South Carolina Democratic primary voters in the race for the party's nomination -- over twice the support of any other candidate. Bernie Sanders receives 14 percent and Kamala Harris is close behind at 12 percent."
Klobuchar rolls out policies for Alzheimer's, rural health care - Des Moines Register: "U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar unveiled her plan Friday for tackling Alzheimer's disease, protecting rural hospitals and other policies targeted at seniors in her bid to earn Iowans' caucus support. Along with three other presidential candidates, Klobuchar will appear at an AARP/Des Moines Register forum in Des Moines to address issues of importance to older voters. Klobuchar, a Democrat from Minnesota, has a history of Alzheimer's disease in her family and has championed various bills related to the ailment, or its symptoms. In 2017, she co-sponsored a bill with U.S. Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, designed to boost training to help people who may wander from safety as part of their condition."
Sanders officially puts support behind abolishing Electoral College - The Hill: "Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) on Thursday night said he favored getting rid of the Electoral College. Sanders was pressed on the issue at a presidential town hall hosted by the League of United Latin American Citizens. 'It is hard to defend a system in which we have a president who lost the popular vote by 3 million votes, so the answer is yes,' he said. Sanders had previously made similar remarks, but stopped short of calling for abolishing the voting body. 'Presidential elections cannot be fought out in just a dozen 'battleground' states,' he told The Washington Post. 'I believe that we need to reexamine the concept of the Electoral College.'"
Biden's Senate records being kept secret - WaPo: "Those questions [about Biden's time in the Senate] might be answered in the massive trove of Senate records he donated eight years ago to the University of Delaware under an agreement that they could be made public by early this year. But the records are being kept secret, following new terms the university posted on its website just before Biden made his presidential campaign official in April. Biden has sought to blunt criticism of his past actions by putting the most positive spin on them, but the limited availability of documents from his 36-year Senate career complicates a full evaluation of his record."
DNC launches training program to recruit student volunteers - The Atlantic: "…'Getting to Know the Community,' is part of a new training program from the Democratic National Committee that teaches young people, mostly people of color, how to be campaign organizers. Called Organizing Corps 2020, the eight-week course is designed to school 1,000 college juniors from seven battleground states across the country. The DNC has high hopes for the student trainees: Come summer 2020, it hopes to put them to work for the eventual Democratic presidential nominee. The initiative … [could] be viewed as the Democrats' attempt to right the wrongs of 2016—a response to the pervasive criticism that the party failed to invest early, or earnestly, in communities of color; to develop young and emerging talent; and to mobilize disengaged voters from marginalized communities."
THE RULEBOOK: GOOD TO THE CORE
"There is in every breast a sensibility to marks of honor, of favor, of esteem, and of confidence, which, apart from all considerations of interest, is some pledge for grateful and benevolent returns." – Alexander Hamilton or James Madison, Federalist No. 57
TIME OUT: PREPARE TO BE 'BLOWN AWAY'
Smithsonian: "Premiering this Friday, July 12, ['Blown Away,' a new Netflix reality competition,] is the first-ever competition series to focus on glassblowing. In each episode, artists create a finished piece in a matter of hours, each hoping to avoid elimination and emerge the winner, who receives a $60,000 prize and a coveted artist residency at the Corning Museum of Glass. Glass artists, as well as many art institutions, hope that the show will raise public perception of glassblowing as a fine art—a perception that has been diminishing in recent years, according to Cybele Maylone, executive director of Connecticut's Aldrich Museum of Art… A 2015 report produced by the Glass Art Society and Chihuly Garden and Glass suggested that, despite public enthusiasm for glassmaking, galleries are concerned that young art collectors were less excited about the medium. … At the same time, glassblowing demonstrations—the 'spectacle' of glassmaking, as Maylone puts it—have become a popular pastime."
Flag on the play? - Email us at HALFTIMEREPORT@FOXNEWS.COM with your tips, comments or questions.
Trump job performance
Average approval: 43.6 percent
Average disapproval: 51 percent
Net Score: -7.4 points
Change from one week ago: no change
[Average includes: ABC News/WaPo: 47% approve - 50% disapprove; CNN: 45% approve - 51% disapprove; Gallup: 41% approve - 54% disapprove; IBD: 43% approve - 49% disapprove; Monmouth University: 42% approve - 51% disapprove.]
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ACOSTA OUT
Fox News: "Labor Secretary Alexander Acosta said Friday he will be stepping down in a week over his past involvement in a highly controversial plea deal for financier Jeffrey Epstein, who is now facing sex trafficking charges. Acosta came under fire this week for his role as U.S. attorney for Florida in securing a plea deal for Epstein that resulted in an 18-month sentence — he served just 13 months. … Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., called Monday for Acosta to step down over what she called an 'unconscionable agreement' with Epstein, and was soon joined by a chorus of other top-ranking congressional Democrats. Meanwhile, Democrats on the House Oversight Committee wrote to Acosta on Wednesday inviting him to testify at a July 23 hearing that will examine his actions related to Epstein. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y., was the first 2020 Democrat to react to Acosta's resignation, tweeting: 'Good riddance.'"
PELOSI SUPPORTS PUSH TO RAISE DEBT LIMIT
Bloomberg: "House Speaker Nancy Pelosi told reporters she's 'convinced' that Congress should raise the U.S. debt ceiling this month, before lawmakers leave for a six-week recess. Her declaration came after speaking with Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin by phone Thursday, just hours after she told reporters that the timing for Congress to act on the debt limit was uncertain. The California Democrat said she still wants to tie the debt limit to a broader agreement on overall spending levels. … Democrats and Republicans are negotiating whether they can attach the debt ceiling bill to a two-year budget deal that would avoid an automatic $126 billion cut at the end of the calendar year. Such an agreement would help the government avoid another shutdown when funding runs out Oct. 1. Pelosi said she and Mnuchin 'have not exhausted our conversations' and will continue talking. The two … agreed to speak again Friday morning, according to a Pelosi aide."
Report: Budget deficit jumps 23% - AP: "The U.S. budget deficit increased by $140 billion during the first nine months of this budget year to $747.1 billion as government revenues and spending both hit records. The Treasury Department reported Thursday that the deficit for the current fiscal year through June is up 23.1% over the same period a year ago with receipts rising by 2.7% while spending increased 6.6%. The Trump administration is forecasting that the deficit for the full budget year, which ends on Sept. 30, will top $1 trillion, up from a deficit of $779 billion last year. The Congressional Budget Office is not quite so pessimistic for this year, forecasting a deficit of $896 billion this year. But the CBO projects that deficits will top $1 trillion beginning in 2022 and will remain above $1 trillion annually through 2029."
WYOMING COULD SEE A SENATE SHOWDOWN
Politico: "Former Rep. Cynthia Lummis announced a bid for Senate in Wyoming Thursday, becoming the first Republican to jump into the race and setting up a potential clash with her successor in the House, Rep. Liz Cheney. Lummis, also a former two-term state treasurer, was first elected to the House in 2008 and retired after the 2016 election. She was the only woman to serve in the conservative House Freedom Caucus when the group first formed in 2015. … Lummis told reporters Thursday she spoke with Cheney before announcing her bid, and said the race to replace retiring Sen. Mike Enzi will be a 'real barn-burner' if the two women face off in a primary. 'She needs to make her decision. I have made mine,' Lummis said. 'This is Wyoming's Senate seat. Nobody has dibs on it.'
Trump against a Sessions run for Senate - WaPo: "President Trump is 'not on board' with his former attorney general, Jeff Sessions, running for the Senate, Sen. Richard C. Shelby (R-Ala.) told the Hill on Thursday. The Alabama Senate seat is considered a prime pickup opportunity for Republicans, and Sessions's name has been in the mix as a potential candidate who could win it. Shelby said Sessions would be a strong candidate for a seat he held before joining the Trump administration, but could 'struggle if the president was against him.' In conversations with Trump about the race, Shelby said Trump 'was not encouraging' of Sessions running. 'How do I say it? He was not on board, okay?' Shelby said."
MUELLER TESTIMONY COULD BE DELAYED
Fox News: "Planning for former Special Counsel Robert Mueller's highly anticipated testimony was thrown into disarray Friday as multiple sources said the hearing was delayed amid a 'breakdown in negotiations' -- yet others indicated it could still go forward next week as planned. Internal talks over the structure of the hearings originally scheduled for July 17 have been heating up for days, with some members complaining they might not have enough time carved out to ask questions. Sources said Friday morning the hearings will be pushed back to July 24. A senior source said there was a 'breakdown in negotiations' to have Mueller appear. Yet the Democratic majority on the House Judiciary Committee maintained: 'At this moment we still plan to have our hearing on the 17th and we will let you know if that changes.'"
Trump backtracks, drops fight to add citizenship question to census - Politico
Trump heads to Wisconsin Friday for fundraiser - Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Pergram: Politics, policy and procedure of Mueller's upcoming Congressional testimony - Fox News
AUDIBLE: DO WHAT YOU GOTTA DO
"I told myself I gotta have a relationship with this guy to help him get his mind right. Because I'm telling you, he didn't know anything about government. ... I wanted to scold him all the time." – Former Speaker of the House Paul Ryan, according to the Washington Post, as reported in Tim Alberta's new book, "American Carnage."
This weekend Mr. Sunday will sit down with Rep. Ben Ray Luján, D-N.M. Watch "Fox News Sunday with Chris Wallace." Check local listings for broadcast times in your area.
#mediabuzz - Host Howard Kurtz has the latest take on the week's media coverage. Watch #mediabuzz Sundays at 11 a.m. ET.
Share your color commentary: Email us at HALFTIMEREPORT@FOXNEWS.COM and please make sure to include your name and hometown.
FIRST UBER EATS, NEXT UBER ANIMAL RESCUE
AP: "A wildlife rescue in northern Utah is commending a man who found a creative way to rescue an abandoned baby bird while out drinking with friends. Staff at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Northern Utah say they received a call last weekend from a man who 'had a few too many' alcoholic drinks but discovered a baby lesser goldfinch struggling on the ground. About an hour later the bird arrived at the center by itself in an Uber. Staff later learned that the man had called the car as he was too intoxicated to drive. 'While we feel we've seen it all and can't be amazed by anything, there is always SOMEONE out there to prove us wrong,' the staff wrote on Facebook. Center director Dalyn Marthaler says the bird who they nicknamed 'Petey' was thin and dehydrated when he arrived. He says the bird should be released into the Utah wilderness in a few weeks."
AND NOW, A WORD FROM CHARLES…
"Envy for America, resentment of our power, hatred of our success has been a staple for decades, but most particularly since victory in the cold war left us the only superpower." – Charles Krauthammer (1950-2018) writing for Time magazine on Nov. 9, 2003.
Chris Stirewalt is the politics editor for Fox News. Brianna McClelland contributed to this report. Want FOX News Halftime Report in your inbox every day? Sign up here.
Chris Stirewalt joined Fox News Channel (FNC) in July of 2010 and serves as politics editor based in Washington, D.C.


Fabric History/Pedigree: 1950's, pieces received from traditional Japanese kimono cleaner / reconstructer called Arai-Hari -- see an excellent explanation of traditional Arai Hari by textile expert John Marshall,by click-pushing HERE.
Fabric Description: Japanese vintage cotton-asa(hemp/flax-based traditional Japanese fabric); fabric used to make woman's kimono.
This is done in traditional Roketsuzome process (Batik style wax-resist dyed).
Measurements: width =13.75 inches/ 36.2 cm; Length= 1 Yard (..91 m).


text:
Looking for more in Book Lists?
23 books to discover Scotland with
Genre: Adventure, Environment, Nature, Scotland, Travel
Take an armchair journey through Caledonia
Scotland packs a lot into its 30,000 square miles. Stunning vistas, romantic ruins, remote islands, bustling cities, craggy mountaintops and a beach with water bluer than the Carribbean. Would you care to learn more? Step into one of these books and embark on a fascinating journey of discovery.
Cameron McNeish There's Always the Hills
Follow Cameron's journey from his childhood in Glasgow to fulfilling his life long dreams, living and working in some of the most beautiful landscapes on earth and meeting many of the great characters of the outdoor world.
Alistair Moffat The Hidden Ways
Moffat traverses the lost paths of Scotland, down Roman roads tramped by armies, warpaths and pilgrim routes, drove roads and rail roads, turnpikes and sea roads, tracing the arteries through which our nation's lifeblood has flowed in a bid to understand how our history has left its mark upon our landscape.
Kathleen Jamie Findings
Award-winning poet Kathleen Jamie beautifully captures the magic of her travels throughout Scotland
Dan Boothby Island of Dreams
After more than 20 years of drifting, Boothby found a place to land, immersing himself on a tiny island on the western seaboard of the Highlands of Scotland.
Andrew Greig At the Loch of the Green Corrie
A fishing trip honoring a dying man's wish becomes a meditation on life, nature and friendship, a literary biography and a celebration of the beauty of the Highlands of Scotland.
Garry MacKenzie Scotland
This enthralling guide gets under the skin of the country through the writers who lived in or visited Scotland, as well as those who simply imagined it in their work - from Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and the Scots 'Makars' of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, to Keats, Coleridge and Robert Louis Stevenson; from Gaelic bards and anonymous balladeers to Hugh MacDiarmid, Jackie Kay, Ian Rankin and Kathleen Jamie
Alastair Dunnett David Paterson Dorothy Dunnett The Scottish Highlands
Following a path from Argyll to the islands to the northern Highlands, the Dunnetts combine personal memories of Scotland with an anecdotal history interwoven with the legends and myths of one of the most beautiful countries on earth.
Hamish Coghill Lost Edinburgh
A chance to rediscover Edinburgh as it once was
David Long Bizarre Scotland
The definitive guide to the weirder side of Scotland!
Hamish Haswell-Smith The Scottish Islands
Take a fascinating tour of Scotland's many hundreds of islands
Adam Nicolson Sea Room
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be given your own remote islands? Thirty years ago, it happened to Adam Nicolson, when he found himself in charge of one of the most beautiful places on earth.
Alan Taylor Glasgow: the Autobiography
Glasgow: The Autobiography tells the story of the fabled, former Second City of the British Empire from its origins as a bucolic village on the rivers Kelvin and Clyde, through the Industrial Revolution to the dawning of the second millennium.
Anne Cholawo Island on the Edge
Anne describes her extraordinary transition from a hectic urban lifestyle to one of rural isolation and self-sufficiency, as well as the history of Soay and its unique wildlife, and the off-beat and colourful characters associated with the island.
John Lister-Kaye At the Water's Edge
Drawing on Kay's lifetime of close observation, At The Water's Edge encourages us to look again at the nature around us, to discover its wildness for ourselves and to respect and protect it.
Madeleine Bunting Love of Country
A journey delving deep into Hebridean history and culture that tells of how these Islands on the fringes of Britain helped shape our nation, and how the nation imposed its will on the Islands.
Jane Smith Wild Island: A Year in the Hebrides
Depicting a year in the life in the remote island of Oronsay, this is a book for anyone interested in wildlife, for art lovers, for tourists wanting a memento of their holiday, for everyone who loves the west coast of Scotland.
Charles W J Withers Christopher Fleet Margaret Wilkes Scotland: Mapping the Nation
A beautifully illustrated history of Scotland, told from the innovative perspective of maps and map-making.
Peter Wright Ribbon of Wildness
The Watershed of Scotland is a line of water that separates east from west. The changing vistas, wide panoramas, ever present wildlife, and the vagaries of the weather, are delightfully described on this great journey of discovery.
Jonny Muir Isles at the Edge of the Sea
Beginning on Arran, Jonny Muir sets out to explore these places with a single ambition: to reach the faraway St Kilda archipelago, the islands at the edge of the world.
James Hunter On the Other Side of Sorrow
The clash between local needs and the push of the environmental preservation movement is deeply probed in this sensitive, thought-provoking book.
Mike Cawthorne Wild Voices
The journeys in this book are tales of adventure on foot and by canoe through some of the last wild places in Scotland. Each journey is haunted by the ghost of another writer who has left behind the trace of his or her own experience of these isolated hills, glens, streams or lochs.
John Barrington Red Sky at Night
John Barrington's work as a shepherd in the hills overlooking Loch Katrine is marvelously interwoven with the story of the glen, of Rob Roy in whose house John lived, of curling when the ice is thick enough, and of sheep dog trials in the summer. Whether up on the hills or along the glen, John knows the haunts of the local wildlife. He sets his seasonal clock by the passage of birds on the loch, and jealously guards over the golden eagle's eyrie in the hills.
Iain Banks Raw Spirit
In a bid to uncover the unique spirit of the single malt whisky, author Iain Banks undertook a tour of the distilleries of his homeland. His tour of Scotland combines history, literature and landscape in a fun, memorable journey.


WebRTC is the hottest thing going right now, and allows you to receive live, secure video over RTP right to the browser. It's videoconferencing without the need for any plugins or software (other than your browser). Better yet, as long as your audio/video is encoded correctly, it doesn't have to be another person, but a song or movie in your own, private on-demand service.
Currently, Firefox, Chrome, and Opera are the browsers that support this. Unfortunately, you'll have to shelf your love for Microsoft (who naturally vied for their own, alternative standard), for now.
There are a few different layers and components that are required in order for a developer to take advantage of this, however. This includes an ICE server (which wraps one or more STUN or TURN servers), a data connection to your webserver, whether it's Ajax, WebSockets, SSE, or something else, properly encoded video (exclusively using Google's VP8 codec), and properly encoded audio (e.g. Opus)… All of which is encrypted as SRTP (secure RTP).
Any time spent understanding this would be well-worth it for a lot of engineers. If you want to get started, the top five or six books in Amazon's results (as of this time) are enjoyable reads. Currently, the most authoritative reference is "WebRTC: APIs and RTCWEB Protocols of the HTML5 Real-Time Web", which is written by two participants of the relevant W3C/IETF working groups.
However, if you decide that you want an easy-as-pie solution and no challenge whatsoever, try out the Janus WebRTC Gateway.
STUN/TURN server (this is optional during development, and there's a default one configured).
Use the provided script to invoke GStreamer 1.0 to generate an audio and video test-pattern, encode it to RTP-wrapped VP8-encoded video and Opus-encoded audio, and send it via UDP to the IP/port that the Janus server will be listening to.
Use the default config and certificates provided in the Janus source-code to retransmit the RTP data as a WebRTC peer.
We're using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.
remote: Reusing existing pack: 394, done.
Receiving objects: 100% (408/408), 733.31 KiB | 628.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (268/268), done.
This will display the help for the janus command upon success.
In another window, run the Janus command without any parameters. This will use the default janus.cfg config.
Either point your webserver to the html/ directory, or dump its contents into an existing web-accessible directory.
Click on the "Demos" menu at the top of the page.
Click on the "Start" button (to the right of the title).
Under the "Streams list" selector, select "Opus/VP8 live stream coming from gstreamer (live)".
Click the "Watch or Listen" button.
The possibilities are endless with the presentational simplicity of WebRTC, and a simple means by which to harness it.
Thanks for sharing! It's an amazing software!
I did successfully build these things up with your tutorial. I'm really happy with that. However, I'm trying to stream my raspberry pi camera video instead of gstreamer's test video, but eventually fail (Chrome).
No more remote candidates for handle 2938765189!
is strange since I'm streaming over udp, not tcp.
I don't know where things go wrong. I've tried using vp8enc but so far the raspberry pi package didn't contains this plugin. Supposedly Chrome knows how to decode h.264 so this probably should not be a problem. And I also tried tcpclientsink but janus refuse to connect.
Any helps would be very appreciated!!
Thanks for reply. I'll try.