text:
Jackson was founded in 1814 and is the first community to be named after former President Andrew Jackson. The town is the oldest town named Jackson in the United States. Since its early days Jackson has prided itself in being a friendly community retaining its small town atmosphere. Jackson Police became a police department by ordinance April 17, 1907.
Since the mid-1990s, Jackson has become one of the fastest growing communities in Missouri. The 1990 population census was 9,200. In 2000, it was nearly 12,000 and in 2006 over 13,000 citizens call Jackson home. Jackson has become the place to be. Residential, commercial and industrial growth has all come Jackson's way in recent years. A combination of all these elements, along with a strong local school system, has enabled Jackson to grow and thrive. Jackson successfully blends its beautiful natural surroundings with unique shopping, popular restaurants, business and professional buildings, and modern technology. Jackson offers quiet neighborhoods and splendid rural vistas
On March 15, 2008 in Atlanta Ga, Jackson Police Department was awarded full accreditation status from The Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc. (CALEA). Jackson Police was 1 of over 100 agencies represented and receiving accreditation through CALEA® that day. Jackson Police Department was the first municipal law enforcement agency in Southeast Missouri to be accredited.
Serving as the county seat of Cape Girardeau County, Jackson lies in Southeast Missouri just east of the the Mississippi River. The area combines the vast expansive farmlands with dense woodlands and rolling hills. The city has excellent access to transportation throughout the state and the rest of the country. Cape Girardeau is the largest neighboring community. Large markets in the vicinity are found in St. Louis and Memphis, Tennessee and nearby Interstate 55 leads north to St. Louis and south to Memphis, Tennessee. The City of Jackson operates with a Mayor/Board of Aldermen/Administrator type of government, with elected councilmen in four wards helping to govern the city.
In the beginning the Jackson Police Department's force consisted of one Town Marshal, an elected position. As the City of Jackson grew in size, a Night Watchman was added. As the years went on more officers were added. The Town Marshal was an elected position up until 1971. According to records the Town Marshal held this position for two years before another election was held. In 1971 the department's head changed from Town Marshal to Chief of Police. The position of Chief is now an appointed position. The following is a list of City Marshal's and Chief of Police to this date:
1941-1948 Joe M. Knox, City Marshal
1949-1954 Pinkney Wills, City Marshal
1955-1971 Ben Schweer, City Marshal
1971-1974 David Gellatly, Chief of Police
1974-1990 Robert "Red" Clifton, Chief of Police
1991-1993 Larry L. Koenig, Chief of Police
1993-1994 Robert C. Hull Jr., Interim Chief of Police
1994-2001 Marvin D. Sides, Chief of Police
2002-2003 Robert C. Hull Jr. Interim Chief of Police
2003-Current James M. Humphreys, Chief of Police
Jackson Police Department consist of 23 commissioned police officers (Chief of Police included), 7 Communications Officers and one Administration Assistant to the Chief of Police


text:
Solomon b. Judah Ibn Gabirol of Cordova, one of the greatest medieval Spanish Jewish poets (first half of 11th century), did more than anyone else for the dissemination of Hebrew poetry. He was active in all the fields of religious lyric, producing hymns and meditations, selihot (penitential prayers), prayers, qinot (dirges) and hopeful, longing visions of the future in varied forms and styles. The most valuable poetic achievement, in which religious, national and philosophical writing are combined into a harmonious whole, is his great didactic poem Keter Malkhut, "The Kingly Crown," whose concluding confession is included in the Yom Kippur service.
In addition to his religious poetry, Ibn Gabirol produced philosophical works, including Fountain of Life (which was hotly debated among Christian philosophers although it had little influence on Jewish thought), and treatises on ethics.
One of Gabirol's earliest literary works, Mibhar ha-Peninim (The Choice of Pearls), was a small book of maxims derived almost entirely from non-Jewish sources. This very popular publication, written originally in Arabic, enjoyed enduring popularity throughout Israel in its later Hebrew translation. We include here the maxim "Concerning Envy."
Envy is to men like bodily ailments – it leads to consumption. I have not seen one who hurts himself more than does the envious person; his mourning is unceasing, his soul grieves, his intellect deteriorates and his heart is disquieted.
Everybody can eat with satisfaction except the man who envies good fortune; for he is only pleased by the misfortune (of others).
Every enmity has the possibility of cure, except the enmity of he who hates you from envy. Envy not your brother for what he has; he enjoys his life while you are sated with vexation and unrest. You have sufficient revenge of the envious person that he grieves over you happiness and good fortunes.
"Envy is rot to the bones."
(Proverbs 14:30)
Ibn Gabirol's treatise on ethics, The Improvement of Moral Qualities (written originally in Arabic; 1045), is the first systematic account by any Jewish author of the various human impulses, and the manner in which they can be channeled into virtue or neglected in favor of vice. The most striking feature of the treatise is that it never so much as mentions the Talmudic sages, and instead frequently quotes the Greek and Arabic philosophies. While the excerpt above focuses on the envy of others good fortune or achievements, the paragraph "On Envy" in this treatise deals with envy of physical possessions.
Envy is an offshoot of wrath. Most rational beings are not exempt from it: but it is in them all, for we see men seeking to imitate the actions of their companions. For instance, when one (man) sees that his friend has acquired some worldly gain, mineral, animal or vegetable, or other possessions, he likewise endeavors to acquire similar things, although he should be able to dispense with them or compensate himself with other things in their stead. Let him not protract his endeavor, not set his heart upon attaining such possessions.
"Envy, greed and thirst for honor
remove a man from the world."
(Ethics of the Fathers 4:28)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tag Archives: Pollution
Wastes Generation in Tanneries
By Salman Zafar | July 1, 2019 - 11:22 am | July 1, 2019 Environment, Industry
Wastes originate from all stages of leather making, such as fine leather particles, residues from various chemical discharges and reagents from different waste liquors comprising of large pieces of leather cuttings, trimmings and gross shavings, fleshing residues, solid hair debris and remnants of paper bags.
Tanning refers to the process by which collagen fibers in a hide react with a chemical agent (tannin, alum or other chemicals). However, the term leather tanning also commonly refers to the entire leather-making process. Hides and skins have the ability to absorb tannic acid and other chemical substances that prevent them from decaying, make them resistant to wetting, and keep them supple and durable. The flesh side of the hide or skin is much thicker and softer. The three types of hides and skins most often used in leather manufacture are from cattle, sheep, and pigs.
Out of 1000 kg of raw hide, nearly 850 kg is generated as solid wastes in leather processing. Only 150 Kg of the raw material is converted in to leather. A typical tannery generate huge amount of waste:
Fleshing: 56-60%
Chrome shaving, chrome splits and buffing dust: 35-40%
Skin trimming: 5-7%
Hair: 2-5%
Over 80 per cent of the organic pollution load in BOD terms emanates from the beamhouse (pre-tanning); much of this comes from degraded hide/skin and hair matter. During the tanning process at least 300 kg of chemicals (lime, salt etc.) are added per ton of hides. Excess of non-used salts will appear in the wastewater.
Because of the changing pH, these compounds can precipitate and contribute to the amount of solid waste or suspended solids. Every tanning process step, with the exception of finishing operations, produces wastewater. An average of 35 m3 is produced per ton of raw hide. The wastewater is made up of high concentration of salts, chromium, ammonia, dye and solvent chemicals etc.
A large amount of waste generated by tanneries is discharged in natural water bodies directly or indirectly through two open drains without any treatment. The water in the low lying areas in developing countries, like India and Bangladesh, is polluted in such a degree that it has become unsuitable for public uses. In summer when the rate of decomposition of the waste is higher, serious air pollution is caused in residential areas by producing intolerable obnoxious odours.
Tannery wastewater and solid wastes often find their way into surface water, where toxins are carried downstream and contaminate water used for bathing, cooking, swimming, and irrigation. Chromium waste can also seep into the soil and contaminate groundwater systems that provide drinking water for nearby communities. In addition, contamination in water can build up in aquatic animals, which are a common source of food.
Tagged chromium waste, environment, India, industrial waste management, Industrial Wastes, leather industry, Pollution, Raw hide, tanneries, tannery waste management, tannery wastes, tannery wastewater, tanning process, waste to energy in tannery, Wastes, wastewater
Recycling of Lead-Acid Batteries in Developing Countries
By Sudipta Chakraborty | May 21, 2019 - 5:11 am | May 21, 2019 Industry, Recycling, Waste Management
Lead-acid batteries (also known as LABs) are a common item in our daily lives. Once the lead of the battery is timed out, we have no option but to dump it because it has no use for us anymore, but the copper plates in the battery remain reusable which can be used for recycling. There are some disagreements about the benefits of recycling battery, say alkaline battery, over simple disposal because the mercury in the battery no longer exists and the disposal material is abundant and non-toxic. But for automotive batteries the scenario is different in terms of benefits. The recycling of this type of battery holds both economic and environmental benefits.
The reusable material from the used battery is removed and recycled which reduces the needs for raw materials which is originally imported from abroad. It creates a balance payment and cost. In addition to this there can be considerable environmental impact during mining processes such as emission from smelting of sulfide ore, copper, nickel, and cobalt and this can be eliminated if recycling can be introduced.
Dangers of Lead-Acid Batteries
LABs generally consist of both sulphuric acid and large amount of lead which is not only corrosive but also a good carrier for soluble lead and lead particles. Lead is highly toxic metal which causes a wide range of adverse health effect especially on young children. If one gets expose excessively to lead it can cause damage to brain and kidney, impair hearing, and can led to various other associated problems. On an average an automobile manufactured contain about 12kg of lead, in which about 96% of lead is used in lead acid battery and remaining 4% is used in other applications like wheel balance weight, protective coating and variation dampers.
Both lead and cadmium are harmful for human health and environment. This toxic substances seeps into the soil, groundwater and surface water through landfill and also releases toxins into the air when they are burnt in municipal waste incinerators. Moreover cadmium can be easily absorbed by the pant root and get into the fruits, vegetables, and waters are consumed by animals and human beings, they can fall to prey to a host of ill effects. Studies have shown that nausea, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, liver and kidney damage, skin irritation, headaches, asthma, nervousness, decreased IQ in children, and sometimes even cancer can result from exposure to such metals for a sufficient period of time.
Need for Effective Control Measures
In a battery recycling plant, effective control measures need to be implemented, both to protect the health of workers and to prevent pollution of the environment. Good plant design, with reduction of the potential for the emission of contaminating substances is of utmost importance and the newer smelting processes are inherently much cleaner than traditional blast furnaces.
Pollution abatement technologies, including the treatment of exhaust gases and liquid effluents, need to be installed. Those mostly exposed to releases within the plants are the workforce. Control measures such as maintaining minimum standards of air quality within the works, medical surveillance of employees, use of protective equipment, and provision of conditions of good hygiene in general, is necessary to avoid occupational lead exposure. However, few government/non-governmental steps have been taken yet; rather this practice is a traditional trading system as prevail in the society.
Positive and Negative Impacts
In developing countries such as Bangladesh, recycling or reusing of used lead-acid batteries has both positive and negative impact on environment. Positive impact is that, if battery is recycled in proper and in sustainable manner it saves environment from toxic material of battery, otherwise battery waste is dumped into the landfills. Negative impact is that if recycling is not done in sustainable manner emits gases produced from battery recycling has adverse impacts on environment and human being.
In a battery recycling plant, effective control measures are required to safeguard public health and environment.
Direct recycling process should be banned as it has adverse impact on environment. As it is an illegal process, shopkeepers perform this process in hidden way. Government should impose the law and regulation strictly in this occurrence. This information can be used for advertising material highlighting the environmental benefits of recycling or reusing encourages the purchasing of old lead acid battery. It will accelerate the selling rate of old battery.
Importance of Awareness
Necessary steps should be taken to increase awareness about environmental impacts of used lead acid batteries. Proper instruction should be provided among the general mass. It will also increase reusing of old battery. Battery regeneration is a unique process specially designed to revive the lost capacity of batteries and give priority to choose secondary battery. Battery Reuse Centre can be developed for effective reuse and recycle.
The aim to divert reusable battery, donated by the public, which often could have been destined for landfill and instead provides a much needed source of low-cost battery to those in need. The battery reuse service encourages volunteer involvement and trainee placements in all aspects of its operation. Awareness program (posters, pamphlets, TV & radio commercials, road-shows, website, exhibitions, talks), infrastructure, information center, tax rebates for manufacturers should be taken to increase recycling or reusing of old battery.
Tagged Awareness, Bangladesh, Battery, Cadmium, environment, Health, Lead, Lead Acid Battery, Pollution, Recycling, regeneration
Peeping into the Future of Waste
By Zoë Lenkiewicz | April 6, 2019 - 10:38 pm | June 21, 2019 Careers, Health, Recycling, Waste Management, Waste-to-energy
Waste management is an important tool for curbing climate change and for keeping our environment clean and healthy. Methane generated from biodegradable wastes is a powerful greenhouse gas, and when it's not captured and used as a fuel it contributes to rapid warming of the atmosphere. Estimates suggest that biodegradable waste in dump sites and uncapped landfill sites are contributing far more methane to the atmosphere than previously thought. What's more, urban food waste is predicted to increase by 44% from 2005 to 2025, and with no proper management in place, will significantly add to global greenhouse gas emissions.
Worryingly, 38 of the world's 50 largest dumps are close to the sea, contributing to marine and coastal pollution. The accumulation of plastics in the marine food chain is causing global concern. While we don't yet know how to clean the oceans, stemming the flow of waste into marine environments would be a step in the right direction.
Wasted health
40% of the world's waste ends up in open dumps. These aren't even what you'd call "landfill". They don't have any impervious lining to prevent noxious leachate from entering the surrounding environment, nor are they capped to prevent the spread of disease. In fact, in India, the Philippines and Indonesia, the health risk from open dumping of waste is greater than the risk of malaria[i].
3.5 billion people in the world lack access to proper waste management. That figure is expected to grow to 5 billion by 2050. Respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and occupational health risks add to the misery experienced by the 50,000+ people living from open dumps.
Waste is any material that is no longer wanted for its original purpose. The owner doesn't have a need for it, and so discards it. Even valuable items can and do end up as waste purely because someone has thrown them away. The recent (and rather brilliant) BBC programme Hugh's War on Waste shone the spotlight on attitudes towards disposable fashion. A look through the bins of a typical street uncovered a startling amount of clothing that had been thrown away, despite it still being in perfectly good condition. This highlights a simple fact: there is plenty of value in waste.
Estimates suggest there are 40 million people globally who are making their living from waste – half of these are working informally.
During the last recession in the UK, the waste management sector was one of the only industries to keep growing, resulting in it being termed the "Green Star of the Economy".
Showing people how to turn a waste stream into something valuable isn't rocket science. There are lots of examples of informal, community-based, grassroots recycling and upcycling projects that generate wealth for the poorest in society.
Internet is allowing simple waste processing techniques to be replicated all over the world, and helping make that information accessible is one of the most fulfilling aspects of my career.
"Give a man a fish and he can eat for a day. Show a man how to fish and he can eat for the rest of his life." Teaching people how to make valuable products from waste is important. But just as important, is passing on the business skills to be able to identify a market, factor in costs, check out the competition, market their products and run a successful business.
Development work in the waste arena needs to address both sides of the coin, and in doing so will enable people to start up their own businesses, in their own communities, and generate wealth organically. That's far more valuable than delivering aid in a ready-made package (which incidentally rarely works – there's a great TED Talk on this topic by Ernesto Sirolli, called "Want to help someone? Shut up and listen").
Why closing dumps isn't a silver bullet
The proliferation of megacities, particularly in developing countries, is causing a health crisis. Decent waste management is an indicator of good governance – that is, if a council or government can collect taxes and provide a waste management service, then it most likely isn't (very) corrupt. However, in many places where corruption or other forms of bad or weak governance prevail, top-down solutions are notoriously difficult to implement.
Often, when the world's attention turns to an open dump, the government responds by closing it and the journalists go home. This is what happened with Smokey Mountain dumpsite in the Philippines (and many others around the world). All that happens is another open dump emerges nearby, and the scavengers move to the new site.
The problem is that if there is no alternative solution in place, people will discard of their waste in the only ways available – dumping it or burning it; and the poor will follow the waste.
Replacing an open dump with a government-controlled waste management system isn't a silver bullet either. The losers, again, are the hundreds, and sometimes thousands of men, women and children who live from scavenging from the dump. It may seem horrific to many of us, but the truth is that if you take that opportunity to earn a paltry living away from the poorest in society, they will starve. Solutions need to be inclusive.
To close dump sites, you need to have a workable alternative solution in place. You need to have regular waste collection taking place, and you need somewhere to take it. Building materials recovery facilities alongside existing open dumps is one idea. Informal waste pickers who are currently working in dangerous conditions on the dumpsite can gain employment (or better still, form a cooperative) sorting recyclable materials and reducing the amount of real "waste" that needs to be disposed of.
For example, Wecyclers in Lagos, Nigeria employs people to cycle around collecting recyclable materials from households. In return for their source-separated waste, the householder receives a small reward.
In Bangalore, IGotGarbage has harnessed the power of phone apps to enable people who were previously waste pickers to be called directly to a house to collect the waste materials. Solutions like this work because they continue to provide livelihoods for people, while taking waste off the streets.
The need for appropriate technology
There will always be something left though: the stuff that really has little value other than the energy embodied in it. In industrialised countries, energy-from-waste incinerators have become popular. Seen as a clean alternative to landfill, these facilities burn the waste, release the energy, and convert it into heat, electricity and ash. Some of that ash (from the air pollution control system) still needs to be disposed of in specially-prepared hazardous waste landfill sites. The remainder, being fairly benign, can be used to make concrete building blocks.
However, incinerators are fairly technology-heavy, rendering them unsuitable for many developing country contexts.
A problem that we've witnessed is that waste management companies from industrialised nations try to wholesale their technology in developing countries. The technology is usually unaffordable, and even if the capital can be raised to procure a facility, as soon as something breaks down the whole solution can fall apart.
There is a need for information about simple waste processing technologies to become more open-sourced. Smart future-thinking businesses could capitalise on selling blueprints rather than entire prefabricated facilities. Most of the time it's far cheaper to fabricate something locally, and also means that when something breaks it can be fixed.
The continuing need for landfill
The fact is that in most cases, a standard, lined landfill site with landfill gas capture is still the most appropriate answer for non-recyclable waste. Add to that a well-organised, low-cost waste collection service with source separation of recyclable materials and biodegradable waste, and you have a relatively affordable solution that is better for the climate, better for health, better for the local economy, and contributes to a more sustainable future.
Landfill may seem very unfashionable to those of us who work in the recycling sector, but nevertheless it will remain a necessity both in developed and developing countries for the foreseeable future.
Joining forces and stepping stones
The success of the Sustainable Development Goals and potential Climate Change Agreement depend on developed and developing countries working together. Miguel Arias Cañete, the EU climate commissioner, said the Climate Coalition alliance showed that developed and developing countries could work together with a common interest. "These negotiations are not about them and us. They are about all of us, developed and developing countries, finding common ground and solutions together. We urge other countries to join us. Together we can do it."
Necessity is the mother of invention, and we are facing a waste crisis of unprecedented proportion. The potential for waste management in reducing GHG emissions has never been more pertinent. Waste and development practitioners, academics and entrepreneurs around the world are working together more and more to help bring about the change we want to see, which will benefit the billions of people suffering from poor waste management, and the rest of us who share a warming planet – and share the burden of climate change and poverty.
By sharing knowledge through platforms such as beWasteWise and ISWA, and through initiatives like WasteAid, WASTE and Wiego, we can start making a dent in this very large problem.
No silver bullets, but lots of small stepping stones in the right direction.
Note: The original and unabridged version of the article can be found at this link. Please visit http://zlcomms.co.uk/ for more information about the author.
Tagged Bangalore, climate change, emissions, Entrepreneurs, Future of Waste Management, Incinerators, Lagos, Landfills, Open Dumps, Pollution, Recycling, Waste Crisis, Wecyclers
Recycling of EPS Foam Packaging
By Michelle Rose Rubio | December 22, 2018 - 9:08 am | December 22, 2018 Environment, Garbage, Health, Industry, Recycling, Waste Management
Municipalities and organisations are facing a growing problem in disposal and recycling of EPS foam packaging and products. EPS foam (Encapsulated Poly-Styrene) packaging is a highly popular plastic packaging material which finds wide application in packaging of food items, electronic goods, electrical appliances, furniture etc due to its excellent insulating and protective properties. EPS foam (also known as polystyrene) is also used to make useful products such as disposable cups, trays, cutlery, cartons, cases etc. However, being large and bulky, polystyrene take up significant space in rubbish bins which means that bins becomes full more quickly and therefore needs to be emptied more often.
Polystyrene is lightweight compared to its volume so it occupies lots of precious landfill space and can be blown around and cause a nuisance in the surrounding areas. Although some companies have a recycling policy, most of the polystyrene still find its way into landfill sites around the world.
Environmental Hazards of EPS Foam
While it is estimated that EPS foam products accounts for less than 1% of the total weight of landfill materials, the fraction of landfill space it takes up is much higher considering that it is very lightweight. Furthermore, it is essentially non-biodegradable, taking hundreds perhaps thousands of years to decompose.
Even when already disposed of in landfills, polystyrene can easily be carried by the wind and litter the streets or end up polluting water bodies. When EPS foam breaks apart, the small polystyrene components can be eaten by marine organisms which can cause choking or intestinal blockage.
Polystyrene can also be consumed by fishes once it breaks down in the ocean. Marine animals higher up the food chain could eat the fishes that have consumed EPS, thus concentrating the contaminant. It could be a potential health hazard for us humans who are on top of the food chain considering that styrene, the plastic monomer used in manufacturing EPS has been classified by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen.
Styrene is derived from either petroleum or natural gas, both of which are non-renewable and are rapidly being depleted, creating environmental sustainability problems for EPS.
Trends in EPS Foam Recycling
Although the Alliance of Foam Packaging Recyclers have reported that the recycling rate for post-consumer and post-commercial EPS in the United States have risen to 28% in 2010 from around 20% in 2008, this value is still lower than most solid wastes. According to USEPA, auto batteries, steel cans and glass containers have recycle rates of 96.2%, 70.6% and 34.2% respectively.
Because it is bulky, EPS foam takes up storage space and costs more to transport and yet yields only a small amount of polystyrene for re-use or remolding (infact, polystyrene accounts for only 2% of the volume of uncompacted EPS foams). This provides little incentive for recyclers to consider EPS recycling.
Products that have been used to hold or store food should be thoroughly cleaned for hygienic reasons, thus compounding the costs. For the same reasons, these products cannot be recycled to produce the same food containers but rather are used for non-food plastic products. The manufacture of food containers, therefore, always requires new polystyrene. At present, it is more economical to produce new EPS foam products than to recycle it, and manufacturers would rather have the higher quality of fresh polystyrene over the recycled one.
The cost of transporting bulky polystyrene waste discourages recyclers from recycling it. Organizations that receive a large amount of EPS foam (especially in packaging) can invest in a compactor that will reduce the volume of the products. Recyclers will pay more for the compacted product so the investment can be recovered relatively easier.
There are also breakthroughs in studies concerning EPS recycling although most of these are still in the research or pilot stage. Several studies have found that the bacteria Pseudomonas putida is able to convert polystyrene to a more biodegradable plastic. The process of polystyrene depolymerization – converting polystyrene back to its styrene monomer – is also gaining ground.
Tagged Animals, Environmental Impacts of EPS Foam, EPS Foam, EPS Recycling, Food Chain, Health, Landfills, Marine Organisms, Plastic Packaging, Plastics, Pollution, Polystyrene, Recyclers, Recycling, Recycling of EPS Foam, USA, What is Foam Packaging
The Problem of Shipping Wastes
By Clare Pitts-Tucker | December 13, 2018 - 7:53 am | June 21, 2019 Environment, Travel, Waste Management
Shipping wastes, long a neglected topic, has started to attract worldwide attention, thanks to the mysterious and tragic disappearance of flight MH370. During the search for MH370, a succession of items floating in the sea were identified as possible wreckage, but later confirmed to be simply pieces of marine litter. Whilst it was large pieces of debris that complicated the search, marine debris of all sizes causes problems for users of marine resources. In the most polluted areas, around 300,000 items of debris can be found in each square kilometre.
Up to 80% of ocean debris originates from land based sources, including beach litter, litter transported by rivers, and discharges of untreated municipal sewage, while ocean based sources (merchant shipping, ferries, cruise liners, fishing and military vessels) account for the remainder. Whilst typically this may be only 20% of marine litter, in areas of high shipping activity such as the North Sea it rises closer to 40%.
Wastes from commercial vessels seems like an area that could be effectively tackled with regulation. However, it is difficult for individual nations or regions to take action when ships operate in international waters and the debris in our oceans is constantly on the move.
So how is it addressed through international legislation?
Law of the Seas
In fact, a good many laws are already in place. The key piece of legislation preventing 'the disposal of garbage at sea' is Annex V of the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). Amongst the numerous other relevant laws are the London Convention and Protocol, the Basel Convention, UNCLOS, and the Convention on Biological Diversity.
In addition, many more laws exist at regional and national levels. In the EU, laws directly related to marine debris include the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the Directive on Port Reception Facilities. Laws indirectly related to marine debris include the Common Fisheries Policy, the Water Framework Directive, the Waste Framework Directive, the Habitats Directive…. The list goes on.
Fathoming the Legislation
Despite the profusion of legislation, the scale of the current and potential problems caused by marine debris, it is clear that implementation and enforcement is lagging behind. Why so?
Ratification
As yet, not all coastal or flag states have ratified international instruments such as MARPOL Annex V. This means that ships registered with a non-ratified state under a'flag of convenience' may legally continue to discharge garbage in international waters. However, even if the current suite of international legislation was universally ratified, this would serve to expose the remaining gaps in the framework.
Discharge provisions
MARPOL Annex V includes specific requirements regarding the discharge of different types of waste and location of discharges. For instance, ground food waste can be discharged up to 3 nautical miles from land, but if it is not ground it may only be discharged at a distance of 12 nautical miles or more. Although the discharge of 'all other garbage including plastics' is prohibited, compliance relies upon good waste management practices on board vessels.
If waste streams are contaminated, this may result in plastics and other debris being discharged into the sea. The current approach may have been developed to accommodate shipping activity, but in practice it is somewhat confusing and it would perhaps make more sense to issue a blanket ban on discharges.
Another gap within MARPOL Annex V is the scope of the requirements for 'garbage management plans' and 'garbage record books'. Vessels of 100 gross tonnes or more are required to have a garbage management plan, while vessels of 400 gross tonnes or more are required to have a garbage record book. Smaller vessels are not obliged to comply with the requirements.
Less than 1% of vessels in the world fishing fleet have a gross tonnage of over 100 tonnes, the majority has no obligation to implement and maintain a plan or book; with no planning or record keeping, the risk of illegal disposal is increased. Small fishing vessels may not be considered 'commercial' shipping vessels at all – thereby avoiding legislation – but they still contribute towards the problem of marine debris. Most notably, abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear has a considerable impact on marine species through 'ghost fishing'.
Port waste reception facilities
MARPOL Annex V requires the government of each ratified nation to provide facilities at ports for the reception of ship generated residues and garbage that cannot be discharged into the sea. The facilities must be adequate to meet the needs of ships using the port, without causing undue delay to ships. However, MARPOL does not prescribe any set standards or provide for certification. The term 'adequate' is instead defined in a qualitative (rather than quantitative) manner in Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) resolution 83 (44).
Furthermore, MARPOL does not set any requirements regarding how waste delivered to port reception facilities should be managed. Only the non-mandatory MEPC resolution 83 (44) requires that facilities should allow for the ultimate disposal of ships' wastes to take place in an environmentally appropriate way.
Cruise ships operate in every ocean worldwide, often in pristine coastal waters and sensitive marine ecosystems. Operators provide amenities to their passengers similar to those of luxury resort hotels, generating up to 14 tonnes of waste per day. Worldwide, the cruise industry has experienced a compound annual passenger growth rate of 7% since 1990, and the number of passengers carried is expected to increase from approximately 21 million in 2013 to 23.7 million in 2017.
The majority of current legislation on pollution and ship waste was developed prior to the rapid growth of the cruise market; as a consequence, there is no international legislation addressing the particular issues surrounding pollution and waste management on these vessels.
Although there is not yet data to support this, intuitively the amount of waste produced by ships would be linked to the number of people on board, rather than the vessel's gross tonnage (which determines whether MARPOL rules apply). If the industry grows as forecasted, cruise ships may be responsible for a significant proportion of waste generated by ships, particularly if unmanned are the future.
To address this, onboard waste management systems that implement zero disposal of solid waste at sea are needed for cruise ships, together with a requirement that they only dispose of their waste at ports with reception facilities adequate to handle the type and volume of waste produced.
Taking the Helm
Where international and regional legislation is found lacking a number of voluntary mechanisms have been devised, indicating an appetite to improve the current waste disposal practices of the shipping industry.
The indirect fee system aims to remove the disincentive for ships to dispose of waste at port rather than at sea by including the cost of waste disposal services in the port fees paid by visiting ships, irrespective of whether ships use the facilities
The Clean Shipping Index is an easy to use, transparent tool which can be used by cargo owners to evaluate the environmental performance of their sea transport providers. The information is entered on a ship-by-ship basis but is also added to a total carrier fleet score for an overall ranking. Questions on waste relate to garbage handling and crew awareness, and scores can only be obtained for measures that go beyond existing regulations.
One commercial container operator (Matson Navigation) has introduced a zero solid waste discharge policy. The 'greentainer' programme uses containers specifically designed for storing solid waste. Since 1994, this programme has prevented over 10,000 tonnes of garbage being disposed of at sea.
Currently, international legislation does not properly support a closed loop system for waste management onboard ships. Despite legislative progress and improvements in practice, the monitoring of waste from shipping remains problematic. 'Policing the seas' to verify what a ship discharges and where, and whether this follows recommended best practice, remains one of the most challenging aspects of waste management practice at sea, but critical to making the legal framework effective.
The United Nations Environment Programme neatly summarised the issue in 2005:"… marine litter is not a problem which can be solved only by means of legislation, law enforcement and technical solutions. It is a social problem which requires efforts to change behaviours, attitudes, management approaches and multi-sectoral involvement."
The limitations of international legislation governing the case of marine litter disposed of at sea do need to be addressed; but unless legislation is accompanied by environmental education for seafarers, and improved monitoring, our attempts to tackle this source of marine litter will remain all at sea.
Note: The article has been republished with the permission of our collaborative partner Isonomia. The original version of the article can be found at this link.
Tagged Cruise Ships, Ecosystems, Fishing Vessel, Food Wastes, garbage, Legislation, Litter, Management of Shipping Wastes, Marine Litter, MARPOL, Ocean, Pollution, Port, Seas, Ship Wastes, Shipping, Shipping Litter, Shipping Wastes, Ships, Vessels, Wastes
Waste Disposal Methods: Perspectives for Africa
By Suhaib Arogundade | December 8, 2018 - 7:22 am | December 8, 2018 Environment, Garbage, Green, Waste Management
Waste disposal methods vary from city to city, state to state and region to region. It equally depends on the kind and type of waste generated. In determining the disposal method that a city or nation should adopt, some factors like type, kind, quantity, frequency, and forms of waste need to be considered.
For the purpose of this article, we will look at the three common waste disposal methods and the kind of waste they accept.
Open Dumping/Burning
This is the crudest means of disposing of waste and it is mostly practiced in rural areas, semi-urban settlements, and undeveloped urban areas. For open dumping or open burning, every type and form of waste (including household waste, hazardous wastes, tires, batteries, chemicals) is dumped in an open area within a community or outside different homes in a community and same being set on fire after a number of days or when the waste generator or community feels it should be burnt.
There is no gainsaying that the negative health and environmental impact of such practice are huge only if the propagators know better.
Controlled Dumping
This is apparent in most States in Nigeria, if not all and some cities in Africa like Mozambique, Ghana, Kenya, Cameroon, to mention but a few. It is a method of disposing of all kinds of waste in a designated area of land by waste collectors and it is usually controlled by the State or City Government.
Opening burning of trash is a common practice across Africa
Controlled dumps are commonly found in urban areas and because they are managed by the government, some dumps do have certain features of a landfill like tenure of usage, basic record keeping, waste covering, etc. Many cities in Nigeria confuse the practice of controlled dumping as landfilling but this not so because a landfill involves engineering design, planning, and operation.
Sanitary Landfill
A sanitary landfill is arguably the most desired waste management option in reducing or eliminating public health hazards and environmental pollution. The landfill is the final disposal site for all forms and types of waste after the recyclable materials must have been separated for other usages and other biodegradables have been extracted from the waste for use as compost, heat, or energy; or after incineration. These extractions can be done at household level or Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) operated by the government or private individuals.
As desirable as a landfill is, so many factors need to be put into consideration in its siting and operation plus it requires a huge investment in construction and operation. Some of these factors include but not limited to distance from the residential area, proximity to water bodies, water-table level of the area the landfill is to be sited, earth material availability, and access road.
Note: The original version of the article was published on Waste Watch Africa website at this link.
Tagged Africa, Common Waste Disposal Methods, Compost, Controlled Dumps, Ghana, Landfills, Nigeria, Open Burning, Open Dumping, Pollution, Public Health, Sanitary Landfills, Waste Disposal Methods, Wastes
Progress of Waste-to-Energy in the USA
By Emily Folk | November 23, 2018 - 12:08 pm | November 23, 2018 Industry, Waste Management, Waste-to-energy
Rising rates of consumption necessitate an improved approach to resource management. Around the world, from Europe to Asia, governments have adapted their practices and policies to reflect renewability. They've invested in facilities that repurpose waste as source of energy, affording them a reliable and cheap source of energy.
This seems like progress, given the impracticality of older methods. Traditional sources of energy like fossil fuels are no longer a realistic option moving forward, not only for their finite nature but also within the context of the planet's continued health. That said, the waste-to-energy sector is subject to scrutiny.
We'll detail the reasons for this scrutiny, the waste-to-energy sector's current status within the United States and speculations for the future. Through a concise analysis of obstacles and opportunities, we'll provide a holistic perspective of the waste-to-energy progress, with a summation of its positive and negative attributes.
Status of Waste-to-Energy Sector
The U.S. currently employs 86 municipal waste-to-energy facilities across 25 states for the purpose of energy recovery. While several have expanded to manage additional waste, the last new facility opened in 1995. To understand this apparent lack of progress in the area of thermochemical treatment of MSW, budget represents a serious barrier.
One of the primary reasons behind the shortage of waste-to-energy facilities in the USA is their cost. The cost of construction on a new plant often exceeds $100 million, and larger plants require double or triple that figure to build. In addition to that, the economic benefits of the investment aren't immediately noticeable.
The Palm Beach County Renewable Energy Facility is a RDF-based waste-to-energy (WTE) facility.
The U.S. also has a surplus of available land. Where smaller countries like Japan have limited space to work within, the U.S. can choose to pursue more financially viable options such as landfills. The expenses associated with a landfill are far less significant than those associated with a waste-to-energy facility.
Presently, the U.S. processes 14 percent of its trash in waste-to-energy (WTE) plants, which is still a substantial amount of refuse given today's rate of consumption. On a larger scale, North America ranks third in the world in the waste-to-energy movement, behind the European nations and the Asia Pacific region.
Future of WTE Sector
Certain factors influence the framework of an energy policy. Government officials have to consider the projected increase in energy demand, concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere, space-constrained or preferred land use, fuel availability and potential disruptions to the supply chain.
A waste-to-energy facility accounts for several of these factors, such as space constraints and fuel availability, but pollution remains an issue. Many argue that the incineration of trash isn't an effective means of reducing waste or protecting the environment, and they have evidence to support this.
The waste-to-energy sector extends beyond MSW facilities, however. It also encompasses biofuel, which has seen an increase in popularity. The aviation industry has shown a growing dedication to biofuel, with United Airlines investing $30 million in the largest producer of aviation biofuel.
If the interest of United Airlines and other companies is any indication, the waste-to-energy sector will continue to expand. Though negative press and the high cost of waste-to-energy facilities may impede its progress, advances in technology promise to improve efficiency and reduce expenses.
Positives and Negatives
The waste-to-energy sector provides many benefits, allowing communities a method of repurposing their waste. It has negative aspects that are also important to note, like the potential for pollution. While the sector offers solutions, some of them come at a cost.
It's true that resource management is essential, and adapting practices to meet high standards of renewability is critical to the planet's health. However, it's also necessary to recognize risk, and the waste-to-energy sector is not without its flaws. How those flaws will affect the sector moving forward is critical to consider.
Tagged Aviation, biofuels, Energy, Incineration, Landfills, MSW, North America, Pollution, Trash, waste, Waste to Energy in USA, Waste-to-energy, WTE
Circular Economy: Viewpoint of Plastic
By James Greyson | November 12, 2018 - 4:04 am | May 27, 2019 Environment, Recycling, Waste Management
Pieces of plastic have been trying to get our attention. The first scientific reports of plastic pollution in oceans were in the early 1970s. This waste plastic soaks up other pollutants at up to a million times the concentration in water, harming and killing sea life worldwide. From the point of view of the plastic, we have convincingly failed with solutions. Over the past 40 years the problem has grown around 100 times, with now over 8 million tonnes of plastic waste added to oceans per year.
Everyone is aware about ways for plastic to not become waste. We can set up redesign, sharing, refill, recycling and even composting. When it comes to creating practical possibilities for not making waste, people are super smart. But when it comes to making policy to install this practice throughout the economy, which has been the aim of circular economy for the past four decades, we're consistently collectively stupid. I call this mob thinking.
We have intelligent activists, business people, experts and officials unintentionally thinking like a mob? always bringing forward the same decades old policy weapons. When these weapons don't work there is a discussion about strategy but not any actual new strategy, just talk about how forcefully to use the same old policy weapons. This is how it's been possible for waste management, waste regulation and the unsolved waste problem to all grow in tandem for so long.
If the piece of plastic had a voice in the circular economy debate what might it say? It would remind us to beware mob thinking. Today's problems are solvable only by trying new thinking and new policy weapons. Precycling is an example. The piece of plastic doesn't mind whether it's part of a product that's longlife or refilled or shared or refurbished or recycled or even composted (so long as it's fully biodegradable). It doesn't even mind being called 'waste' so long as it's on its way to a new use. Action that ensures any of these is precycling.
Our piece of plastic does mind about ending up as ecosystem waste. It does not wish to join 5 trillion other pieces of plastic abandoned in the world's oceans. It would be horrified to poison a fish or starve a sea bird. Equally it does not want to be perpetually entombed in a landfill dump or transformed into climate destabilising greenhouse gases by incineration.
The two possible outcomes for a piece of plastic, remaining as a resource or being dumped as ecological waste, are the same fates awaiting every product. Our economies and our futures depend on our ambition in arranging the right outcome. The old policy weapons of prescriptive targets and taxes, trying to force more of one waste management outcome or less of another, are largely obsolete. Circular economy can be fully and quickly implemented by policy to make markets financially responsible for the risk of products becoming ecological waste. Some ever hopeful pieces of plastic would be grateful if we would get on with doing this.
Reference: Governments Going Circular best practice case study of precycling premiums
Tagged Circular Economy, Economy, Oceans, Plastic, Plastics and Circular Economy, Pollution, Precycling, Redesign, Waste Management


in a beautiful, fully restored, gypsy bow top wagon and sample a lifestyle almost lost to the modern world.
If you are looking for some peace and tranquillity away from your normal life, then staying with us is the answer. Tucked away in the heart of the beautiful Somerset countryside, at the end of a no-through lane but entirely separate from one another, you will find either The Famous Five gypsy caravan or Ruby nestled in the lush surroundings of an old cider apple orchard and wild flower meadow.
Sit on the caravan steps in the evening savouring the moment while watching the embers of the fire fade with the end of the day. Maybe you'd like to relax inside your wagon with its detailed Romany interior contemplating the wonders of life…..
Enjoy the timeless peace of the surroundings or visit some of the many fascinating, beautiful and historic places this part of Somerset has to offer. It's perfect for couples who want a romantic break together or families looking for an exclusive getaway.
Prices are based on two people staying and can start from as little as £82 per night. See our booking and prices page for more details.
Our ponies, donkey, chickens, sheep, pigs, cat and of course Crumble our dog will give you a warm welcome!
Thank you so much for letting us share your wonderful orchard. It was a total treat and we loved every minute….
This was such an exciting experience. I loved stroking the lambs.
I am so happy, even if you glued my feet to the floor I would be happy here.
Lovely romantic location. Thank you.
To wake up with the sun shimmering through our window and cooking on the open fire is a way of life we could live with!
Wow….what a wonderful experience we have had.
This is my ideal romantic getaway. I have always dreamed of staying in a gypsy caravan.
A lovely few days getting back to nature in such a peaceful place. It should become essential for all families with teenagers!
We're back again…..another fabulous experience. See you next year!
If the doctor had known how we were feeling he wold have ordered this…………….
Another set of memories made!
Such a beautifully serene setting to sit by the fire looking out onto the rolling hills.
Thank you for allowing us to stay in this beautiful setting with the open fields and nature at its best.
What a magical place. One night was barely enough and yet everything we dreamed it would be.
Thank you so much for a special and unique experience.
Thank you for a beautiful and relaxing stay. The bowtop is absolutely stunning and so comfortable.
Copyright © 2018 Gypsy Caravan Breaks, All Rights Reserved. Designed & Created By Lollystick.


text:
Q: putting drop down on page in proper place i am designing Daily Attendance System. I have designed a page where Employer can put date range FROM--TO to find attendance of some worker for particular date range now i have been told to put NAME field too like an employer can search by date range but even for particular worker in particular date range. Now i am confused about design that where ti is best to put Name Drop DOwn List, which position on page sounds great for it which will make it better looking.
Interface:

A: You can try this.

                Search By

                Student Name :

                <asp:DropDownList ID="ddlStudentName" Width="320px" runat="server">
                </asp:DropDownList>

                    From Date :

                    <asp:TextBox ID="txtFromDate" runat="server" CssClass="datepicker" onkeypress="return false;"
                        Width="120px"></asp:TextBox>

                    To Date :

                    <asp:TextBox ID="txtToDate" runat="server" CssClass="datepicker" onkeypress="return false;"
                        Width="120px"></asp:TextBox>

                    <asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit" />

A: Stack vertically with a two column three row layout. Labels on the left, right justified.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Awhile back, I was contacted by Eden Fantasys to review their Intimate Organics Gentle Stimulating Gel.
If you are unfamiliar with Eden Fastasys, they sell "romance enhancement" products (among other things). And after spitting out 3 large babies & a hysterectomy, my kaslopis sometimes can use all the enhancement it can get. if you know what I mean.
First off, it is organic & I feel much better putting something "all natural" on my lady parts. So does Retro. When first applied, the gel feels more like water & can be a bit messy. But the wetness does have it's advantages, especially for those of us that sometimes have issues down there.
As for the stimulating part, I only used it "the old fashion way" so things did go a lot smoother, but I'm not sure how much of the stimulating came from the gel.
I will continue to use this product, but maybe in conjunction with another product.
How did you write this without blushing?


O Canada — the voice of thestar.com is getting stronger.
You already depend on the Toronto Star for deep, reliable, investigative coverage of the institutions that matter in your life in Ontario, Toronto, the Greater Toronto Area and at Queen's Park and on Parliament Hill.
Excitingly, we are adding to that strength because Torstar, which owns the Star, is doing what few publishers are doing these days — increasing the number of reporters in some of Canada's biggest and most dynamic cities.
We know that local news is more important than ever, as citizens look to reporters working for reliable and trusted news organizations to hold governments, politicians, businesses and public institutions accountable in local markets.
We believe in the importance of local news to an informed citizenry and to democracy. We believe residents have the right to journalism that doesn't just cover stories, but uncovers stories; to coverage that pushes for change for a better society; and to coverage they can trust.
So starting April 10, we are proudly showcasing expanded local coverage in Vancouver, Calgary and Edmonton by adding reporters for the Metro urban newspapers in those cities. Torstar, which also owns the Metro papers, is hiring 20 new reporters to join existing Metro newsrooms in Western Canada. The Star will also feature more news from journalists reporting for Metro Halifax.
Reporters in those cities will deliver quality, trusted local news to thestar.com through local online city-specific hubs, TheStar Vancouver, TheStar Edmonton, TheStar Calgary and TheStar Halifax.
Along with deeper coverage of local news, these teams will build on a powerhouse Star tradition of investigative work that provokes, informs, explains and effects change.
This investment by Torstar Corporation and commitment to local reporting builds on newsrooms already on the ground in key Canadian cities through Metro News.
As of April 10, visitors to metronews.ca will be directed to thestar.com and the Metro app will stop publishing.
Same great news, more great reporters and a deeper investment into key Canadian cities on one great site, thestar.com. Please join us April 10 for the launch of this great Canadian adventure.


text:
Tactical Voting 2019
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the East Midlands region?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Northamptonshire and most of Lincolnshire.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the Yorkshire and the Humber region?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Yorkshire and parts of Lincolnshire.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the West Midlands?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Birmingham, Coventry, Warwickshire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, Worcestershire and beyond.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in Wales?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Wales.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the South West region?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Bristol, Dorset, Cornwall, Devon, Wiltshire, Somerset, Gloucestershire and beyond.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in Northern Ireland?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Northern Ireland.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in Scotland?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Glasgow, the Highlands and Islands, the Lothians, Fife, Strathclyde and beyond.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the South East region?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Sussex, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, and Surrey.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the North West region?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the North East region?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and beyond.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the London region?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in London.
Tactical Voting: How should I vote in the European elections in the Eastern region?
With the European elections taking place on Thursday we have taken a look at the tactical voting guides to recommend the best way to vote in Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk.


text:
Skip to main content Skip to navigation for this area of our website Skip to utility navigation for things like apply and social media accounts
Homeschooled Students
The Elizabethtown Experience
Proven Outcomes
Diversity at Etown
Visit Etown
Apply to Etown
Signature Learning Experiences.
Learn About Our Signature Learning Experiences
Signature Learning Experiences
Majors, Minors, & Programs
Explore the Core
Momentum Program
Campus Life Home
Called to Lead
Office of Diversity
All Offices on Campus
Learn All About Our Home.
Learn About Our Campus Life
Around the Region
Sustainability Efforts
HEOA Consumer Information
BE More Inspired Campaign
Campaign Home
Fulfilling Dreams
Development Home
Estate & Life Income
Year-End Giving Information
Etown NOW News Site
Elizabethtown College Magazine
Arts & Culture Calendar
Info For ▼
Fac/Staff
Music Ensembles and Prep Division
Music Major
Master's in Music Education
Auditions and Scholarships
Music Ensembles
Elizabethtown College offers a variety of ensembles. You do not have to be a Music major to participate in an ensemble, however you must be registered on Jayweb for the ensemble, either for credit or no-credit. With our ensembles, you will perform several times each year both on-and off-campus.
The Elizabethtown College Symphonic Band, directed by Dr. Robert Spence, is the premier wind and percussion ensemble. The ensemble performs a wide variety of quality musical literature from the wind band repertoire. Membership in the Symphonic Band is available to Elizabethtown College students of every academic major. No audition is required for membership. The Symphonic Band rehearses twice per week and performs at least one concert each semester. For more information regarding membership, contact Dr. Robert Spence, Director of Instrumental Studies, at spencejr@etown.edu or by telephone at (717) 361-1178.
The Jazz Band, directed by Grant Moore, meets once each week for two hours and members may receive 1/2 credit. It is open to qualified students, with the approval of the director. It performs often during the academic year, both on- and off-campus, and offers students instruction in the basic skills of improvisation, stylization, and performance.
Founded in 1971, the Elizabethtown College-Community Orchestra (ECCO) is the premier wind, string, and percussion ensemble at Elizabethtown College. The ensemble performs a wide variety of quality musical literature for both string orchestra and full orchestra. Membership is available to students of every academic major at Elizabethtown. There are no auditions required for community and college string players; community and College wind and percussion musicians gain membership in the ensemble with permission from the director. The orchestra performs at least one concert each semester.
Chamber ensembles provide students opportunities to learn and perform works for small ensemble combinations. Musicians work to increase knowledge of chamber music repertoire and performance practice. The ensembles meet for approximately one hour weekly. Participants receive one-half hour credit per semester. Chamber groups include, but are not limited to:
Arioso Flute Choir
Mixed Winds
Occasionally mixed groups may also be formed, including guitar and voice. Auditions may be necessary for some groups.
Choral Ensembles
College-Community Chorus
The Elizabethtown College-Community Chorus is directed by Dr. Matthew Fritz, and is open to any member of the student body and local community without audition. Literature performed may include works from the standard choral repertoire, contemporary selections and music of varying cultures and periods. Students may enroll for one credit and earn Creative Expression core credit after four semesters or enroll for no credit with instructor permission.
Fenice is a gender-inclusive treble choir directed by Dr. Anne Gross and is open to any member of the student body by audition. Literature performed may include works from the standard choral repertoire, contemporary selections, and music of varying cultures and periods. Students may enroll for one credit and earn Creative Expression core credit after four semesters or enroll for no credit with instructor permission.
This vocal ensemble focuses on repertoire for the bass and tenor voices and is directed by Dr. Matthew Fritz. The ensemble is open to any member of the student body without audition. Literature performed may include works from the standard choral repertoire, contemporary selections, and music of varying cultures and periods.
Concert Choir, Dr. Matthew Fritz, director, is an auditioned group is Etown's premier vocal ensemble. This 40-member, mixed-voice, touring ensemble has performed throughout the United States as well as internationally. International tours have included Ireland, Northern Ireland, Brazil, South Africa, and Wales. Auditions for the ensemble are held each spring for current students, and during Freshmen Orientation for new students. Students may enroll for one credit or enroll for no credit with instructor permission.
Ready to Apply! Take the next step in joining our Blue Jay family by starting the admissions process. By applying you'll get access to special events and information tailored to you.
Come for a Visit. For more information, come visit campus and speak with one of our professors, take a tour of campus, and sit in on a class.
Student Consumer
Clery Reports
| One Alpha Drive
| Elizabethtown, PA 17022-2298
| Copyright 2019 Elizabethtown College
Elizabethtown College does not discriminate on the basis of gender, race, color, religion, age, disability, marital status, veteran status, national or ethnic origin, ancestry, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, genetic information, possession of a general education development certificate as compared to a high school diploma, or any other legally protected status. This commitment applies but is not limited to decisions made with respect to hiring and promotion, the administration educational programs and policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic or other College administered programs. Discrimination or harassment of any kind is strictly forbidden.


text:
Comune din Saxonia-Anhalt

Reesen este o comună în Saxonia-Anhalt, Germania

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A remarkable short-snouted horned dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) of southern Laramidia
OPEN Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society | 19 Jul 2013
SD Sampson, EK Lund, MA Loewen, AA Farke and KE Clayton
The fossil record of centrosaurine ceratopsids is largely restricted to the northern region of western North America (Alberta, Montana and Alaska). Exceptions consist of single taxa from Utah (Diabloceratops) and China (Sinoceratops), plus otherwise fragmentary remains from the southern Western Interior of North America. Here, we describe a remarkable new taxon, Nasutoceratops titusi n. gen. et sp., from the late Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of Utah, represented by multiple specimens, including a nearly complete skull and partial postcranial skeleton. Autapomorphies include an enlarged narial region, pneumatic nasal ornamentation, abbreviated snout and elongate, rostrolaterally directed supraorbital horncores. The subrectangular parietosquamosal frill is relatively unadorned and broadest in the mid-region. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that Nasutoceratops is the sister taxon to Avaceratops, and that a previously unknown subclade of centrosaurines branched off early in the group's history and persisted for several million years during the late Campanian. As the first well-represented southern centrosaurine comparable in age to the bulk of northern forms, Nasutoceratops provides strong support for the provincialism hypothesis, which posits that Laramidia-the western landmass formed by inundation of the central region of North America by the Western Interior Seaway-hosted at least two coeval dinosaur communities for over a million years of late Campanian time.
Fossil, United States, Ceratopsidae, Cretaceous, Cladistics, Phylogenetics, North America, Dinosaur


From the GoServicePro website, click on Secure Login from the "Customer Login" menu item. Click on the Support link if you want to access the GoServicePro Support Portal.
The first time you visit the GoServicePro application page you will be required to download the Silverlight plugin if you have not already done so. Just click on the "Download Silverlight" link or if you are having trouble, click here.
Note: The GoServicePro application only works on Windows PCs running Internet Explorer browsers. Using our program on Apple Macintosh computers may work, but is not formally supported. You can access GoServicePro from an iPad, iPhone, Android tablet or Android phone using the GoServicePro mobile application, which is available for download on the Apple Store and Google Play Store.
To login to the site you'll need your GoServicePro username and password. This information was sent to you by GoServicePro Support or by your System Administrator.
When you log in the first time you may be asked to choose a new password. Although password complexity rules can be configured for your specific business, generally they require that your password be at least 8 characters, contain at least one capital letter, and contain at least one number.
Your password may expire periodically depending on the security policy of your company. If this happens you should select a new password. If you forget your password, your System Administrator can reset the password for you.
Note: Logging in on the mobile application uses the same process, but once logged in, the username cannot be changed without resetting the application. Read more about using GoServicePro Mobile.


text:
Joseph Henry Blackburne - The Black Death
Joseph Henry Blackburne
Joseph Henry Blackburne (10 December, 1841 – 1 September, 1924), who came to be known in chess circles as The Black Death, was the pre-eminent English player in the second half of the 19th Century. He learned to play chess after learning of the exploits of Paul Morphy.
At one stage he was second only behind Wilhelm Steinitz. He was consistently among the top 5 in the world throughout the 1870s and 1880s and remained in the top 20 for a decade or two after that.
He achieved his great success in high level tournaments through his very creative attacking play. This gained him many 2nd and 3rd place finishes throughout his heyday accompanied even by a couple of tournament victories.
Young Joseph
Joseph Henry Blackburne traveled throughout Britain and Ireland with his father as a boy
Blackburne was born in Manchester on the 10th of December, 1841. He had an interest in strategy board games from a young age and played draughts as a boy, apparently quite well.
He traveled across Britain and Ireland with his father as he grew up. Joseph's father was preaching as a temperance reformer, speaking out against the evils of alcohol and advising all against the dangers and pitfalls of the demon drink.
It's hard to say how successful old Blackburne was on his mission but we know one listener who ignored his advice. His own son. Young Joseph would later become infamous for playing great chess while under the influence of whiskey. He would even claim that it made him play better!
Legend of Morphy
Joseph Henry Blackburne was inspired by the exploits of Paul Morphy
Blackburne was working for his father making daguerreotypes (early type of photographs) when Morphy arrived in Europe in the late 1850s. Like many others he was caught up in the drama of Morphy's incredible feats against the great masters of London and Paris.
Newspapers and magazines were giving a daily commentary on Morphy's latest games and the ongoing saga involving the proposed match against Howard Staunton.
Blackburne was so interested in Morphy's story that he learned to play chess. He joined the Manchester Chess Club in July, 1861 and before long it was clear he was no ordinary player. Within months he had acquired such status that he got a match against the Manchester Champion, Edward Pindar.
Early Matches vs Pindar
Joseph Henry Blackburne faced Edward Pindar at Manchester Chess Club
Blackburne and Pindar played a match whereby the winner would be the first player to win 5 games. Pindar's greater experience was a key factor and he won the match 5-0.
Blackburne was undeterred by the setback and continued to improve rapidly. It was not long at all before he was facing Pindar again. There would be a different outcome second time around. Blackburne won 5-1, with 2 games drawn.
Now the best player in Manchester, he would broaden his horizons. His younger days of constant moving prepared him well for the life of a professional chess player. He would spend much of the next 60 years on the road making his living from the Game of Kings.
Blindfolds and Simuls
Joseph Henry Blackburne became a blindfold specialist
The blindfold specialist Louis Paulsen returned from the United States and gave a blindfold simul in Manchester. Blackburne sat at one of the boards and fell victim to Paulsen's remarkable abilities sans voir.
He was hugely impressed by the whole spectacle and soon began to play blindfold against multiple opponents. Paulsen was playing against sometimes 10 at a time. Blackburne started out against 3 opponents at a time and worked his way up over the years.
This kind of thing would later prove to be a reliable source of income for Blackburne. Later when he was a big name he could command a handsome price for simultaneous blindfold exhibitions.
Joseph Henry Blackburne finished a credible 10th out of 14 competitors at London 1862
The 1862 London World Exhibition provided an opportunity for a repeat of 1851 for British Chess Authorities. Just as before they decided to hold an International Chess Tournament as part of the Exhibition.
This was the first major tournament since the retirement of Morphy. The winner would be top dog in the world of chess. All of the strongest players in the world would compete against the top English players in the London Chess Tournament of 1862.
Anderssen, Steinitz, Paulsen, Barnes and Lowenthal would be there among others. One of those others was the up and coming Joseph Blackburne. Unlike 1851, the tournament was played on a league system. Blackburne finished 10th out of 14 with wins over Owen, Steinitz, Lowenthal and Green.
Blackburne the Professional
Joseph Henry Blackburne turned professional after losing his job in a warehouse
Blackburne had traveled from Manchester to London to take part in this massive tournament. It had taken a few weeks to complete but now it was time to return to the humdrum of everyday life.
He went back to Manchester to resume his job in a warehouse. Bills had to be paid after all. When he went to his job he discovered that they had replaced him and he was out of work.
He did not bother trying to find similar work. He already knew how he wanted to make a living. Rubbing shoulders with the best chess players in the world and performing credibly gave him confidence that his future lay in this field. He would now make his living from chess. Joseph Blackburne would be a professional chess player. He played a match against William Steinitz in 1863. Steinitz won 7-1 (2 games drawn).
Joseph Henry Blackburne became British Champion in 1869
Blackburne supported himself by giving simultaneous blindfold exhibitions all over England. He also competed regularly in chess tournaments that were becoming more and more common.
He was maturing into a really top professional. He got 4th place in Dundee in 1867. He was by now a pretender to the British chess crown.
Over the next two years Blackburne would continue his steady climb. By the end of the 1860s he was ready. He would have to overcome the British Champion, Cecil de Vere. He did just that and captured the British Championship in 1869.
Baden-Baden 1870
Joseph Henry Blackburne competed in Baden-Baden 1870
Blackburne was now the best player in Britain and would continue to be for the remainder of the 19th Century. From here he would set his sights on major international events.
The 1870s and 1880s would prove to be his greatest years as he would be ever present in the World Top 5 throughout these two decades. The first great tournament of the 1870s would take place in Baden-Baden, Germany.
A very strong field turned out for this tournament. Blackburne took joint 3rd with Gustav Neumann, a half point behind Steinitz in second and only a point behind Anderssen in first. He won 200 Francs for his effort. More importantly he had announced his arrival as a contender to be reckoned with.
Joseph Henry Blackburne earned the nickname The Black Death at the 1873 Vienna Tournament
Blackburne was now competing against Steinitz, Anderssen and Johannes Zukertort for dominance of world chess. He was very successful in tournament play, less so in head to head matches against his main competitors.
Vienna held a World Exhibition across the summer of 1873. A major international chess tournament was organized as part of the event. 12 of the world's strongest players took part. The competition took place between July and August.
Blackburne topped the league phase (21.5 points) and Steinitz finished second (20.5 points). These two would meet in a playoff to decide the championship. Steinitz won the playoff 2-0. Steinitz was now proclaimed as the best player in the world. Many people felt that Blackburn was possibly the second best. His brilliant play in the tournament earned him the nickname The Black Death.
Blackburne vs Steinitz
Joseph Henry Blackburne fought for chess supremacy against William Steinitz
Steinitz had unveiled his new positional style in Vienna. It was a break from the Classical Romantic style that had been the conventional way to play until now. Morphy's great success 15 years earlier had been a window into the future of chess. He had ruthlessly dispatched the Romantic Era masters with his positional awareness.
Perhaps Steinitz gained inspiration from looking over some old Morphy games and identifying his secrets. Who knows? One way or another he had transitioned from the old approach to the new one and now he would dominate. The chess world was in uproar. Such blasphemy to abandon the beautiful patterns of yesteryear to take up this dull, defensive crime against the great game of chess. What an ugly and shameful way to win.
The next few years known as the Ink Wars would feature a war of words in the press between Steinitz and his Romantic opponents. It got quite nasty and personal. Blackburne was with the Romantic School. He likely didn't like Steinitz anyway as the two had been involved in more than one scuffle over the years. They played a match in 1876 to determine who was World #1. Steinitz hammered Blackburne 7-0.
Joseph Henry Blackburne played top level chess well into his 70s
The 1880s were also hugely successful for Blackburne. 1881 was perhaps the greatest year of his career. He defeated Isidor Gunsberg 5-2 with 1 game drawn. He did go down 7-2 (5 draws) against the up and coming Zukertort.
He put that behind him quickly to post his greatest tournament performance, winning the 1881 German Championship. He finished ahead of Zukertort and Mikhail Chigorin.
He remained competitive for the rest of this decade and still relatively good for another 30 years afterwards. He had been overtaken by Zukertort who would contest the First Official World Championship against Steinitz in 1886. Chigorin, Gunsberg and newcomer Emanuel Lasker would also overtake him in the coming years. He was knocked out in the preliminary round of St Petersburg 1914 but did beat Aron Nimzowitsch in that event. He was still giving blindfold exhibitions right up to the last few years of his life.
Legacy of Blackburne
Joseph Henry Blackburne played beautiful, attacking chess and was an endgame specialist
One opening line is named after Blackburne. The Blackburne-Shilling Gambit is a tactical opening that Blackburne is said to have often used to quickly win against amateurs. This would win him a shilling, the standard stake for such a game.
Blackburne was a tactical player, always searching for an eye-catching combination to win his games in the true Romantic spirit. He was one of those who disapproved of the new positional school.
He was something of a rogue who drank hard and thought nothing of settling disagreements with his fists. He was a commoner dressed as a gentleman. His notoriety may have helped popularize the game as people were drawn by such an interesting character.
Johannes Zukertort
Joseph Henry Blackburne was one of the greatest players of the 19th Century. Reaching master level within months of learning the rules of the game spoke of a special gift.
He would later prove this through his many outstanding achievements in chess. At his height in the early 1880s, he could have been considered second only to William Steinitz.
In fact Emanuel Lasker said Blackburne probably had more talent than Steinitz but not the work ethic or discipline necessary to become the World Champion. He was eventually overtaken by the man who would contest the first official World Championship against Steinitz. That man was Johannes Zukertort.


text:
Health Metrics Reporting
Personalized Health Technology
We share credible, evidence-based
information pertaining to health
promotion and chronic disease
prevention.
We are working across diverse disciplines and sectors to catalyze evidence-based changes that can make our workforce healthier.
The Commissioners
The Recommendations
Learn more about our Commission's five recommendations to place prevention at the center of health care decisions.
Invest in Prevention Science
Strengthen Leadership
Create Markets for Health
Make Health Measurable
Promote Cross-Sector Collaboration
Mapping the Future
Over the next two decades, new technologies will play an ever-increasing role in our health and well-being. Take a look at what's ahead.
Download Full Map
HOME / Blog / NCDs
"NCDs" Articles
Impact, Our Point of View
Mental Health Emerging Out of the Shadows
The 1930s marked substantial investment by the Rockefeller Foundation in the scientific development of mental health, including psychiatry, neurology, and care symptoms, in the US, the UK, and elsewhere. This funding provided a foundation for the potential transformation of mental health in a post-World War II health agenda. Since the 1930s, the international development community...
Derek Yach & Gillian Christie | Apr 26, 2016
Big White Wall, mental health, NCDs, personalized health technology, prevention, SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals, UK, US, wearable technology, WHO, World Bank, World Health Organization
Webinar Series 3: Why is Community Health Important to Your Business?
WATCH WEBINAR SERIES 3 HERE. Webinar 3 - How Workplace Health Programs can use the Latest Data on the Burden of Disease and Risk to Make Them More Effective, by Derek Yach and Jason Lang Learning objectives – On completion of this webinar the participant should be able to Analyze the variability of burden of disease and...
behavioral economics, CDC, evidence-based, global burden of disease, impact, innovation, NCDs, webinar, webinar series, workplace health
Webinar Series 1: The Critical Role of the Workplace in Tackling NCDs in the US
WATCH WEBINAR SERIES 1 HERE. Webinar 1: The Critical Role of the Workplace in Tackling NCDs in the US, by Derek Yach & Katie Tyron Learning objectives - On completion of this webinar the participant should be able to: - Explain the importance of the Vitality Institute webinar series in helping the planning, design, management and...
behavioral economics, evidence-base, global burden of disease, innovation, NCDs, webinar, workplace health
The Young Professionals Forum for Action on NCDs: The Impact of International Trade on Health
We warmly invite you to join the Young Professionals Chronic Disease Network (YP-CDN) on Wednesday, July 9th in New York City for the Young Professionals Forum for Action on non-communicable diseases (NCDs), a discussion on international trade and health. The event will take place at Griffis Faculty Club, Weill Cornell Medical College (521 East 68th Street, New York, NY...
access to medicine, alcohol, collaboration, food, NCDs, noncommunicable disease, tobacco control, trade, UN, WHO, YP-CDN
Vitality Institute
3 Columbus Circle, Suite 1656
vitalityinstitute@thevitalitygroup.com
p: 312.224 7100
@VitalityInst: Looking for @VitalityInst content? Go to our new handle @VItalityUSA #Beyond4Walls #TrustTech #VitalityImpact
(about 4 years ago)
Follow @VitalityInst
Sign up to get updates and insights from the Vitality Institute.
The Vitality Institute advances knowledge about the evolving science and art of prevention and health promotion in order to build healthier societies. The Institute was founded in 2013 by Discovery Limited as part of its commitment to health promotion and well-being programs that advance social good. Learn more about the Institute.
The Vitality Group
Site by Veneer
© Vitality Institute 2014


I painted my grand piano today, well at least started to; that is before I ran out of Annie Sloan Chalk Paint in Old White! Hopefully I will make the hour long journey to the nearest stockist in my area and get some more tomorrow and get it finished!
Thrill of the Hunt is my closest Annie Sloan Stockist. Their shop in Ashland, VA is a wonderful place to visit!
Hopefully I will get some more photos of the finished project posted very soon! Don't forget me and the other Petersburg Pickers are having another one of our FABULOUS Estate Tag Sales Thursday, July 11 - Sunday, July 14 in our nearly 10,000 square foot Warehouse in Petersburg, VA! www.PetersburgPickers.com for more info!


text:
Garry L. Allison
December 10, 1941 ~ January 20, 2019 (age 77)
MR. GARRY LAWRENCE ALLISON, beloved husband of Mary Allison of Coalhurst, passed away peacefully on Sunday, January 20, 2019 in Lethbridge at the age of 77 years.
He is also the loving father of Kathy Winfield of Tucson Arizona, Shannon (Larry) Gordon of Edmonton AB, Jason (Sherida) Allison of Edmonton AB, Jackie (Myrle) Rodgers of Lethbridge AB, T-Jay Allison of Coalhurst AB, Cheyenne Allison of Lethbridge AB and Melissa Allison of Coalhurst AB. Garry also has 20 grandchildren and 7 great grandchildren. He was predeceased by his father Andrew Allison, mother Lily Allison and step mother Mona Allison.
Garry was born in Lethbridge on December 10, 1941. He served as Sports Editor of the Lethbridge Herald as well as District Editor, City Editor and at the end of his career in 2002, he was the Outdoors Editor. Garry moved into the Lethbridge Herald's sports department fulltime in 1974, after spending 1957 to 1974 as a printer with the paper.
An avid rodeo fan, he covered the sport throughout Southern Alberta from the mid 1960's until his retirement in 2002. Garry was able to attend the first ten Canadian Finals Rodeos as well as numerous Calgary Stampedes and North American Amateur Championship rodeos in Denver, Colorado and El Paso, Texas. He also covered uncountable rodeos and horse races on the Kainai and Piikani reserves.
Garry earned the Thompson Newspaper National and Regional awards for achievement, national awards and local awards for his extensive coverage of rodeo, high school sports and the outdoors. In 1979, he won the Max Bell Memorial Award for outstanding coverage of amateur sports in Alberta, and as a result he is enshrined in the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame as well as the Lethbridge Sports Hall of Fame. He has received the Canadian Professional Rodeo Cowboys Associations Jimmy Brown award for rodeo coverage in Canada, on the national and local level. He has been honoured by the Alberta and Lethbridge Fish and Game Associations, as well as Trout Unlimited Canada's Lethbridge Chapter. In non-sports fields the General Stewart Branch of the Royal Canadian Legion, Korean War Veteran's Association, the Great Canadian Plains Railway Society and the town of Coalhurst have all honoured him.
Garry was given a special Blackfoot name, Piitaominni, (Eagle Wing), by the Piikani Nation through the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Center in 1996. Garry was a member of the Head-dress Society of the Kainai Nation and in 2000 was honoured by the National Aboriginal Day at Fort Whoop Up. In 2002 he received the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal.
Garry also spent ten years coaching high school girl's basketball, nine at Coalhurst and one at Winston Churchill, coaching senior girls for eight of those years. He was also an organizer, along with the late Bill Binning, of the Lethbridge LDS Father and Son Banquet which ran from the late 1970s into the 1980s. Garry was a former member of the 702 Wing, vice-president of the Lethbridge Historical Society and was a 31-year member of the General Stewart Branch of the Royal Canadian Legion.
Since retiring in 2002, Garry continued writing for the Rocky Mountain Turf Club. He also wrote several history books for the Lethbridge Historical Society and the Lethbridge Exhibition.
Garry and his wife Mary have been married for 55 years. They also were foster parents for 32 years, caring for 78 children. He will be dearly missed by all who knew him.
The Funeral Service will be held on Saturday, January 26, 2019 at 11:00 a.m. in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 560 Highlands Blvd W, Lethbridge. Friends may meet with the family prior to the service from 9:45 to 10:45 a.m. Interment will follow in the Mountain View Cemetery, Lethbridge.
 Recording of Service