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10 Bucket List Experiences on Canada's East Coast
By Jackie Middleton, readersdigest.ca
Famous for its warm hospitality, rich culture and rugged natural beauty, Canada's east coast proves an irresistible draw to visitors from far and wide.
Photo: Christopher Babcock / Shutterstock
Iceberg Viewing on the East Coast of Canada
The east coast of Canada is home to natural wonders you simply can't find anywhere else. In late May and early June, a parade of 10,000-year old icebergs cruise along Iceberg Alley, the area between the coast of Labrador and the northeast tip of Newfoundland. The sheer magnitude of the bergs is a sight to behold, and Newfoundland and Labrador offer many excellent shoreline viewpoints including St. Lewis, Battle Harbour, Twillingate, Bonavista and Cape St. Mary's. If you'd rather get up close and personal with these icy monsters, hop on a boat tour, or paddle on a kayak for an unforgettable perspective.
Photo: mustgophoto / Shutterstock
Hopewell Rocks in New Brunswick
It's a tough decision: low tide or high tide? At the Bay of Fundy's Hopewell Rocks, there's no need to choose. Indulge in the best of both worlds! Home to the world's highest tides, the Bay of Fundy is an experience like no other. During low tide, the secrets of the Hopewell Rocks are revealed. Sink your toes into the warm sand of the ocean floor while you learn about the geology of the area, view hidden coves and discover how the rushing tides continue to shape the rocks today. Six hours later, the high tides return as water rushes in to hug the famous Flowerpot Rocks, providing a completely different perspective to this marvel of nature. Jump in a kayak and paddle around the towering sandstone pillars, or take in the view from dry land. Stay for the day and enjoy both tidal spectacles.
Check out more of Canada's awe-inspiring natural wonders.
Photo: Prashanth Bala / Shutterstock
Whale-Watching in the Bay of Fundy
Is whale-watching on your East Coast of Canada bucket list? Come to the Bay of Fundy and make your dream a once-in-a-lifetime reality. Teeming with marine life, the mouth of the Bay provides the perfect feeding ground for a spectacular variety of nature's largest mammals. During the summer and early fall, Minke, Humpback, Finback and North Atlantic Right Whales frequent this area to feast upon its bountiful underwater banquet. Best of all, not only will you spot whales, but dolphins, seals, sharks and plenty of sea birds such as puffins and gannets make guest appearances too. Whale-watching excursions sail from various New Brunswick and Nova Scotia ports during the summer months.
These stunning pictures of Nova Scotia will have you packing your bags for Halifax.
L'anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland
Did you know that Newfoundland was the first North American site discovered by European explorers over a thousand years ago? L'anse aux Meadows is the only authenticated Viking site in North America—the fabled Vinland of the infamous Norse sagas. Named in 1978 as an UNESCO World Heritage Site, L'anse aux Meadows welcomes visitors to explore its substantial Viking roots. Take a tour of the Norse ruins and discover life in 1,000 A.D. Newfoundland—Viking style.
Discover all 20 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Canada.
Joggins Fossil Cliffs in Nova Scotia
Home to an abundance of the world's most important fossil discoveries, Joggins Fossil Cliffs is not only beautiful, but also geologically significant. It was here in 1851 that famed authors and geologists, Sir Charles Lyell and J. William Dawson first discovered fossilized creatures that pre-dated the dinosaurs: amphibians, millipedes, snails and early reptiles were found encased in fossilized trees. This unprecedented find gave the world its first proof that land animals thrived during the earth's "Coal Age" 300 million years ago. With the recurrent erosion of the Bay of Fundy tides, the Joggins Cliffs continually unveil new fossil discoveries. Today, visitors can learn about the 195+ species uncovered here and experience a guided tour of the famous cliffs.
Check out the best places to see dinosaur fossils across Canada.
The Lighthouses of Newfoundland
The ever-changing waters of the North Atlantic are famous for their tumultuous storms, murky fog and hidden rock formations. Tragic shipwrecks and lost sailors were all too common along Newfoundland and Labrador's rugged coastline until the first lighthouse appeared on the banks of Fort Amherst in 1813. Since then, the province has seen an array of uniquely painted lighthouses pop up along its shoreline, safely guiding boats away from peril. Many of these historic structures are now open to tourists, so visitors can immerse themselves in the romantic charms of a solitary life by the sea.
Don't miss this gorgeous gallery of historic Canadian lighthouses.
For a taste of France without crossing the Atlantic, sail the short (25-kilometre) distance from Fortune, Newfoundland, to the French territory of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. You're not in Canada anymore! Nestled in the entrance to Newfoundland's Fortune Bay, the islands are the only remaining piece of New France's colonial empire. Here, French is the native tongue and France's blue, white and red flag proudly ripples in the breeze. Immerse yourself in French culture, indulge in delicious lobster and mussels fresh from the waters of the North Atlantic and experience France in a whole new way—without leaving Canada too far behind. Just don't forget to pack your passport and plenty of Euros for souvenir shopping.
Find out more mind-blowing Canadian geography facts.
Green Gables Heritage Place in P.E.I.
Book lovers from around the globe flock to Prince Edward Island in the thousands to follow in the footsteps of one of Canada's most cherished fictional characters, Anne of Green Gables. Lucy Maud Montgomery, the author of the internationally celebrated Anne stories, grew up in Cavendish and visited Green Gables frequently. The cozy farmhouse belonged to cousins of Montgomery's grandparents and served as the inspiration for Anne's fictional home. Visitors to Cavendish can enjoy a behind-the-scenes look inside the house that played a starring role in Anne's tale. Green Gables Heritage Place is open from mid-May through to late October.
Take a virtual tour of most famous house in every province.
The Titanic Experience in Halifax
The Maritime Museum of the Atlantic tells the emotional story of Halifax's connection to the 1912 Titanic disaster. The closest major seaport to the sunken ship, Halifax played a central role in the desperate search for Titanic victims. Ships sent from the port located 328 bodies of which 150 are buried in Halifax cemeteries. During the recovery efforts, several rare artifacts were discovered floating in the chilly waters including a wooden deck chair, life jacket fragments and a tiny pair of leather children's shoes. The artifacts and records on display at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic serve as stirring reminders of this haunting tragedy.
You'll also want to add these great day trips from Halifax to your itinerary.
The Birthplace of Confederation in P.E.I.
Ottawa may be Canada's capital, but Charlottetown is the nation's birthplace. In September 1864, delegates from the British colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and the province of Canada (Québec and Ontario) gathered at Charlottetown's Province House to discuss banding together as one country. By July 1, 1867, the Dominion of Canada was born. Despite being involved in the original confederation discussions, P.E.I. didn't officially join Canada until 1873. Today, tourists can celebrate Canada right where it all began. Marvel the magnificent neo-classical Province House (currently closed for renovations, but still worth stopping by for a look), and interact with the Confederation Players—historically costumed guides who help tell the tale of Canada's birth.
Looking to expand your visit beyond the east coast of Canada? Check out the 10 places in Canada every Canadian needs to visit.


ALF gets peeved about having to remain hidden while Willie's brother extends his visit.
ALF earns the right to baby-sit Eric, but almost blows it when the child disappears.
Tabloid photographers accidentally photograph ALF, so the Tanners have to get the film back.
ALF shields Willie when a criminal resembling him is profiled on a crime-stopper TV show, but Trevor turns him in.
Using Willie's home computer, ALF discovers and later becomes addicted to the art of making stock-market deals.
After a visit from a psychologist, ALF subjects the Tanners to a barrage of unwanted psychoanalysis.
Willie, in an effort to curb ALF's cotton addiction, holds a support group meeting in his living room.
ALF, forced to hide, plots the removal of Willie's visiting brother Neal.
ALF's attitude toward cats changes after his first encounter with kittens.
Whizzer comes face-to-face with ALF when he searches for Dorothy at the Tanners.
ALF, on the outs with the Tanners, is offered a place to stay by Neal.
The Tanners pamper ALF after he catches his first Earth cold.
ALF is relegated once again to the attic when the Tanners throw a Hawaiian luau.
ALF dreams he's a famous stand-up comic.
Neal and his ex-wife Margaret reconcile, but ALF goes a long way to prove her motives are less than honest.
ALF enters the art world after he earns praise for a still life made from food.
As a newly ordained Melmacian minister, ALF must officiate a ceremony on Earth.
ALF considers the future with the Tanners, who will age faster than the ageless alien.
ALF encounters youth-seeking senior citizens when he's discovered sneaking into a retirement home.
ALF and Willie scour Death Valley for buried treasure after discovering an old map.
A morally outraged ALF writes nasty letters to a pollution-producing company.
ALF takes to the park in search of food after his diet fails.
ALF is the only one excited by the idea of Lynn moving in with her boyfriend.
It's a sad day in the Tanner household as ALF announces he's leaving Earth to settle on another planet with Skip and Rhonda, but ALF is captured by the Alien Task Force before he can get to their spaceship.


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Johannes van Westfalen (Duits: Johann von Westfalen, Latijn: Joannes de Westfalia Paderbornensis) (omgeving van Paderborn of Hachen, ca. 1450 – na 30 december 1501) was een van de eerste drukkers in de Nederlanden en het huidige België.
Na een korte samenwerking met Dirk Martens in Aalst, vestigde Johannes zich in 1474 in Leuven waar hij tot rond 1500 drukker en boekhandelaar bleef.

Afkomst en opleiding
Johannes van Westfalen werd geboren in de omgeving van Paderborn of in Hachen. Op basis van de letters waarmee hij later in de Nederlanden drukte, wordt vermoed dat hij zijn opleiding tot drukker in Noord-Italië kreeg.

Aan het einde van de jaren 1470 was in Leuven ook een Konrad van Westfalen actief als drukker. Hij schreef zich op 27 februari 1477 in aan de Leuvense Faculteit Geneeskunde, maar publiceerde in 1476 al een eerste editie in de universiteitsstad. Bij zijn inschrijving werd genoteerd dat hij afkomstig was uit het Bisdom Paderborn. Het blijft onzeker of er een familieband bestond tussen beide drukkers.

Samenwerking met Dirk Martens (Aalst, 1473-1474)
In 1474 werden in Aalst twee boeken gedrukt die de naam van Johannes van Westfalen en Dirk Martens vermeldden in het colofon. Deze boeken kwamen uit hetzelfde atelier als zes andere edities uit 1473-1474.

De precieze rolverdeling tussen Martens en Johannes van Westfalen is sinds lang een discussiepunt. In 2004 verwierf de Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België een onvolledig exemplaar van de Logica vetus, een van de boeken die beide namen vermelden. Dit leidde tot de hypothese dat de samenwerking terugging tot de vroegste Aalstse drukken uit 1473. Terwijl de uit Aalst afkomstige Martens zorgde voor een ruimte voor de drukkerij, zou Johannes van Westfalen het nodige kapitaal hebben ingebracht. Heel waarschijnlijk ontmoetten beide drukkers elkaar in Venetië.

Leuven (1474-1503)
Op 7 juni 1474 schreef Johannes van Westfalen zich in aan de Faculteit Kerkelijk recht van de Universiteit van Leuven. Deze inschrijving was een vereiste om in de stad in het boekhandel actief te mogen zijn. Op 9 december 1474 publiceerde hij zijn eerste druk in Leuven. Samen met Johannes Veldener was hij daarmee een van de eerste drukkers in de stad en het Hertogdom Brabant. Het blijft onduidelijk wie van hen de eerste editie uitbracht, maar Veldener verbleef wel al eerder in Leuven.

In Leuven legde Johannes zich toe op het drukken van juridische en literaire teksten. Na 1478 was hij een van de weinige drukkers die in Leuven actief bleven en tussen 1488 en 1499 was hij zelfs de enige. Uit deze periode zijn ongeveer 140 werken bekend, maar slechts 10 daarvan dateren uit de jaren 1490. Aan het begin van de 16de eeuw was hij nog betrokken bij een Parijse editie van een brevier voor het bisdom Luik.

Vanuit Leuven onderhield hij onder meer handelscontacten met Oxford en Londen. Hij bezocht Engeland ook driemaal in 1478, 1480 en 1483.

Johannes van Westfalen zou in Leuven een zekere Cornelius van Delft hebben opgeleid. Hij drukte omstreeks 1500 het eerste boek in Luik en maakte daarvoor gebruik van karakters die eerder door Johannes van Westfalen waren gebruikt.

Zuid-Nederlands drukker (voor 1830)
Zuid-Nederlands uitgever (voor 1830)
Persoon in de Nederlanden in de 15e eeuw

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Brett has been a staffing and human resources professional since 1998. What makes VanderHouwen unique is our value of long term relationships and going the extra mile to understand the needs of our candidates, clients and employees. Brett is a firm believer in treating others how you wish to be treated – both professionally and in his personal life. An avid traveler, Brett and his family have explored many states, provinces and countries around the globe but he loves coming home to Portland, one of the greatest cities in the world!


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The French concern of Breguet Aviation was awarded a 1958 NATO-sponsored contract to design, develop and produce a new purpose-built airframe to replace the 1940s-era Lockheed P-2 "Neptune" in the long-range maritime reconnaissance role. Some 24 contending designs were submitted from as many as nine contractors with the resulting selected design becoming the Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic.
A joint development contract was drawn up in February 1959, which provided for work on the Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic to be financed by Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the USA, although only France and Germany were at that time indicating an interest in acquiring the new MR type in operational quantities. Belgian and Dutch interest was maintained as a means of obtaining a share in the production programme for indigenous companies, while US financing was part of that nation's general support for NATO
Delivery to the Royal Netherlands Navy (MLD)
The Royal Netherlands Navy had shown an interest in fifteen BreguetBr.1150 Atlantic aircraft at the beginning of the development process. But it took some time until the interest in the Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic crystallised in to an order towards the end of 1960, just as production of the initial run of 60 was about to be completed.
The purchase of nine was linked to the formation of a new squadron to help to fill the gap left by the decommission of the aircraft carrier Karel Doorman.
As the need was urgent four Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic's where diverted from the production line for early use by the Royal Netherlands Navy pending deliveries from the re-opened production line. With the Dutch designation SP-13A (the MLD, unlike its land-based counterpart the Royal Netherlands Air force, assigns its own designations to its current aircraft), the Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic were issued serial 250 to 258.
The first four Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic's where delivered in 1996 to Nimes-Garon where the first Dutch crews underwent training before delivery to 321 Squadron at Valkenburg NAS. These aircraft were supplemented by five new-production Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic's by January 1971.
The operational period started with the delivery of four Breguet Br.1150Atlantic to Nimes-Garon, these aircraft where drown from the production line and where originally intended for France and Germany. As training progressed at Nimes-Garon the first four aircraft (250 to 253) where officially delivered to the Dutch navy on June 26th 1969, After the movement of these Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic to Valkenburg NAS 321squadron was officially reinstated on august 8th 1969, with the delivery of these aircraft the Dutch navy had its first real sub hunter in-service.
In the following year the squadron had some problems with spare part and corrosion, resulting in a poor operational status. From 1971 the squadron started too participated in exercises at St Mawgan, Lann Bidouext. In the following year the squadron reached its full operational status and a first deployment to Hato in the Caribbean was made. In the following year the squadron worked up to the full potential off the Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic participating in more exercises and air shows.
On April 16th 1973 the crew off Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic 254 made an endurance and distance record on the type with a flight off 4902 miles in 18 hours. A few months later the first Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic was lost on August 15th when 257 made a controlled crash landing off the coast from Wassenaar. After the control was lost to a faulty elevator control, the crew decided to make a crash landing on the water because this was considered safer than landing at Valkenburg due to the nature of the problem. The crew was quickly rescued by the local lifeguards and the plane was towed to Den Helder. Ones on shore the damage was concluded to be beyond repair.
In the following years there where the usual exercises and deployments and participations to air shows. In 1977 a second plane the 253 was lost to an engine problem during exercise 'Northern wedding' east of Scotland. Like in the first accident a controlled crash landing was made without any fatalities. In the next years the squadron did its thing in monitoring the Soviet fleet in the Atlantic looking for submarines and gathering data on new surface vessels. Even with the small fleet off seven aircraft the squadron did well.
Sadly this period was followed by an other crash on January 18th 1981 involving 255, again due to a faulty elevator control. During this crash the plane broke apart and not all the crew was able to reach the life rafts and sadly three crew members died in the event.
After the accident with the Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic 255 flying was halted for over a year as modifications where studied end made for the remaining aircraft. The proposed modification was a temporary solution until a bigger proposed modification to the controls was accepted by all partners in the project, making the systems redundant. As the other partners decided there was no need for this modification the decision was made to retiree the Atlantic with the introduction of the P-3 Orion.
Squadrons equipped with the BR1150 Atlantic
This squadron was founded during the war as a part of the British Fleet Air Arm. The AVRO Anson was used by the Dutch personnel, usually people who had fled for the German occupation of their country. The tasks of321 squadron were coastal patrol and anti-submarine warfare. Due to lack of personnel the squadron had to be temporarily disbanded on January 18, 1941.
As many airmen had fled the Japanese occupied Dutch East Indies, and had gathered in Ceylon, the squadron was re-activated at Trincomalee in March 1942. With Catalina flying boats and amphibians anti-submarine missions were flown, also during detachments in Port Elisabeth and Aden. From 1944 the Catalina's were supplemented by Consolidated B-24HLiberators.
After VJ day 321 squadron dropped supplies for the thousands of internees in the POW camps in the Dutch East Indies. Later the squadron provided aerial reconnaissance and transport for the Government. For this task a number of Dakotas were used in addition to the Catalina's.
After the independence of Indonesia the squadron moved to Dutch New Guinea, at Biak air base. During the hostilities in New Guinea, 321s Neptune's were operated in anti-shipping missions. On December 28, 1962the squadron was disbanded and its SP-2Hs went to Holland to serve there as the new nucleus for 320 Squadron.
In 1969 after the procurement of nine Breguet SP-13a Atlantic's 321squadron was activated again. During its period whit the Breguet Br.1150Atlantic the squadron lost three aircraft due to an engine fire and problems with the rudder. The last was also the reason for the early retirement of the Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic in 1984. From there the squadron transited to the Lockheed P-3 Orion. First in the active role and from 1993 in the training role after the disbandment of VAQ2 until the end of the Lockheed P-3 service with the MLD in 2005 at which point the squadron was disbanded..
Operationally speaking the Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic met the needs, but there were corrosion problems. The last Dutch Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic was retired from service in 1984, being succeeded by the Lockheed P-3C Orion (this type was also an initial candidate for the MPA in the early sixties…).
The remaining Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic were sold to France.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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        ctrl.close = close;

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Be part of our agile team engaged in the development of top enterprise eCommerce platforms. You will contribute with your expertise in creating high-quality code on customizations and solutions with use of Java Enterprise, Spring framework and Web Services. You will handle detailed design, implement business logic, perform code review, follow and enforce development best practices.


Manage a whole refactor session. Initialise the monad, load the whole project if required, and then apply the individual refactorings, and write out the resulting files.
Return the client modules and file names. The client modules of module, say m, are those modules which directly or indirectly import module m.
Return the server module and file names. The server modules of module, say m, are those modules which are directly or indirectly imported by module m. This can only be called in a live GHC session TODO: make sure this works with multiple targets. Is that needed? No?


text:
© 2020 Girl Effect. All right reserved.
All the girls featured have chosen their own pseudonyms
India Information, myths and stigma
Rumours that COVID is spread through air
By Carol (April 19, 2020)
MungerIndia
Carol is a 23 year old living in Munger. She lives with her three brothers and sister in law. Her father died last year. She is financially self reliant, teaching part time in a school and her brother runs an internet cafe. Before lockdown Carol spent most of her time at the school followed by conducting her own tuition as she was preparing for her first year BA exams. Carol loves to watch movies, to look after her pot plants and read in her spare time.
View all her stories
Yes there is one thing which was completely untrue about COVID-19, because there was a rumour which was spread that said COVID-19 spreads through air, it is in the air and it doesn't spread from person to person. So this thing is completely untrue. And I would like to say to all that they should not listen to rumours, and for correct information, they should keep watching the news or use the Arogya Setu App, which was promoted by The Prime Minister, and take correct information…
TagsCOVID-19COVID-19 transmissionmythsrumours
Fears are stirred with rumours


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U.S. Civil Rights Trail guides tourists through black history
The U.S. Civil Rights Trail is highlighting over 100 historical landmarks and sites across 14 states.
Feb. 24, 2018, 5:24 PM UTC / Updated Feb. 24, 2018, 5:24 PM UTC
By Michael Cottman
For Wanda Battle, serving as a tour guide for the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church, the historic red-brick building where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. accepted his first pastoral assignment, has enriched her soul.
"I have been transformed by this job," Battle told NBC News. "It's been a life-changing experience."
Battle said thousands of tourists travel from across the country and from around the world each year to visit the celebrated church in Montgomery, Alabama, that was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1974.
"They come to this little church because people want to be inspired by the Civil Rights Movement and Dr. King's legacy," she said.
Wanda Battle, a tour guide for the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church.Wanda Battle
The neighborhood that surrounds the church is immersed in compelling civil rights accounts. Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery for refusing give up her bus seat to a white passenger, Dr. King led the Montgomery bus boycott and visitors continue to commemorate the Selma-to-Montgomery March where demonstrators crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965.
Today, Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church is one of over 100 historical landmarks included on the U.S. Civil Rights Trail, which is part of an interactive website focusing on specific locations that explain and honor the Civil Rights Movement, including cities from Topeka, Kansas, to Memphis, Tennessee, from Atlanta, Georgia, to Selma and Birmingham, and Washington, D.C.
Lee Sentell, director of the Alabama Tourism Department, which led the trail project, said many of the historical sites are located in Alabama and across the Deep South.
"We're sincere when we say what happened here changed the world," Sentell told NBC News. "These foot soldiers in the Civil Rights Movement inspired people around the country – and around the world – to pursue the concept of passive defiance."
newsHistoric Ebenezer Baptist Church pastor talks MLK's legacy and combating hate
He added: "Those who focus on [former] Governor George Wallace are missing the point. This is about the black volunteers – and some whites – who were the victors in the struggle to dismantle segregation."
Sentell, who witnessed one of King's momentous speeches outside Montgomery in March 1965, encourages people to visit the U.S. Civil Rights Trail.
"These sites were selected not just because something happened there," Sentell said, "but because we want to give visitors an experience."
These foot soldiers in the Civil Rights Movement inspired people around the country – and around the world – to pursue the concept of passive defiance."
At the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church, visitors learn about King's first pastoral position from 1954 to 1960 and view the pulpit King used to preach his sermons and address marchers during social justice demonstrations in Montgomery.
Battle said Alabama's former Governor George Wallace, who supported racial segregation in Alabama, would not allow King to stand on the steps of the state capitol to speak to marchers following the Selma-to-Montgomery March on Mar. 25, 1965. Demonstrators positioned the pulpit on a flatbed trailer in front of the steps where King delivered one of his groundbreaking speeches.
"When people come to tour the church, I talk about King's legacy and we discuss human rights issues and issues that matter to people," Battle said. "We talk about people of different cultures living together and working together on their jobs. We also talk about children growing up in a diverse society and teaching them how to treat people."
This Dec. 20, 2013 photo shows the home where Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., was born in the historic Sweet Auburn historic district in Atlanta. The Martin Luther King Jr. Historic Site, operated by the National Park Service, offers free tours of King's birth home.David Goldman / AP file
Some of the other historic landmarks on the U.S. Civil Rights Trail include:
Louisville, Kentucky, where a series of demonstrations and protests advocated for social change in segregated communities.
New Orleans, Louisiana, a landmark location for public school integration and where Ruby Bridges, at age 6, was the only African-American student to attend William Frantz Elementary upon its integration.
Raleigh, North Carolina, home to Estey Hall, the first building constructed in the U.S. for the higher education of African-American women.
Atlanta, Georgia, where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. grew up in a time of strict segregation. Following in his father and grandfather's footsteps, King became a minister at Ebenezer Baptist Church.
Washington, D.C., the site of the United States Supreme Court where the groundbreaking ruling of Brown v. Board of Education was decided.
Sumner, Mississippi, the site of the Emmett Till murder trial. Till was 14 years old when he was lynched by white men who falsely accused him of gawking at a white woman.
newsActivists push to make MLK's Poor People's Campaign a reality
Glenn Eskew, a history professor at Georgia State University and the Director of the Georgia State University World Heritage Initiative, said the Civil Rights Movement is a critical global narrative and a "shared story of bravery and determination by people who worked for social justice and change."
"These sites represent a reflection of a difficult past, but it also represents reconciliation and embracing social justice reforms," said Eskew, who contributed many historical landmarks to the Civil Rights Trail. "These landmarks encouraged demonstrations for social justice and racial equality and they are also energizing, inspiring and bring hope for a brighter future."
This photo shows a historic sign commemorating the lynching of Emmett Till in Money, Miss.Don Schanche Jr. / AP
Battle, meanwhile, said tourists — some searching for hope — visit Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church from far-away places such as Japan, The Netherlands, Australia, Canada and England.
"This church is a place that changed the world," she said. "And it continues to change us all."
Follow NBCBLK on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram


text:
Agriculture, Farming
Apocalypse/Preppers
Armed Services Edition
Astronomy, Space Travel
Baedeker's
Punk Rock Vol. 1 No. 1
By: Goodman, Jeffrey, editor-in-chief
December 1977, Vol. 1 No. 1. Staple-bound wraps, glossy color cover, 20.5 by 27.5 cm, 66 pp. Good with light creases and scuffing to the covers, a 5 cm split at the tail of the spine, and heavy yellowing to the leaves. An example of mass media attempting to squeeze a few dollars out of the punk movement, Punk Rock was published by Myron Fass, "one of the most successful independent publishers in history."5 Fass was best known for his horror pubs, but he would publish anything he thought would sell – softcore porn, guns, UFOs… punk. Punk Rock lasted for three issues (Vol. 1 No. 1, and Vol. 2 Nos. 1 and 2), and is quite scarce. The premier issue features articles about New York ("America's new wave capital"), the Sex Pistols, The Dead Boys, Blondie, Deaf School, Boston's DMZ, Devo, Television, and interviews with Patti Smith, Iggy Pop and The Stranglers. "Yes, indeed, each month we'll be bringing you the nastiest pictures, the hottest features, and all the punk trash we can haul out before deadline time rears its ugly head."
Title: Punk Rock Vol. 1 No. 1
Author Name: Goodman, Jeffrey, editor-in-chief
Categories: Music, Punk,
Publisher: New York, Stories, Layouts and Press, Inc.: 1977
Related items that may be of interest...
Dear Dad, This is to Announce My Death
By: Kast, Ric J.
Exhibit Poster for the Punk Rock Poster Show 1977-2002 – Signed
By: Miner, John E.
Trouser Press, June 1982, No 74, Vol. 9 No. 4 - Joan Jet, The Jam, Lou Reed, Ramones
By: Isler, Scott, ed.
Doll; Super Head Magazine, No. 125, 1998 - Crass, Ramones
By: Doll Magazine
Sensitive Skinhead Press Photo - Punk Rock, Subculture
By: Detroit Free Press
Mid-1980s Punk Rock Box [Midwest Punk, Hardcore]
Rude International, Issue 2 [Ska, Rancid]
By: Chalmers, Earl, editor-in-chief
Email: [email protected].
Phone: (231) 652-2665 (BOOK)
Bay Leaf Books, ABAA
Sand Lake, MI 49343
© 2020 Bay Leaf Books, ABAA All Rights Reserved. - Our Policies


text:
PROTECT INCARCERATED COMMUNITIES FROM COVID-19
0 have signed. Let's get to 50,000!
At 50,000 signatures, this petition becomes one of the top signed on Change.org!
Last Prisoner Project started this petition to President Donald J. Trump and
DONATE DIRECTLY TO OUR COVID-19 EMERGENCY RELIEF FUND.
GET UPDATES AT: https://www.lastprisonerproject.org/covid-19
It's critical that our response to this global Coronavirus pandemic protects our most vulnerable people – including our incarcerated communities.
Of the 2.3 million incarcerated people in the U.S., roughly 165,000 are over the age of 55. Compared to the general population, people in jail and prison are more likely to have pre-existing health conditions. These groups of people are most at risk of falling ill or dying from the coronavirus, or COVID-19.
Failing to act could expose tens of thousands of people in prisons and jails across the country to the virus. Given the crowded nature of our correctional institutions, an outbreak is likely and would not only endanger people in prisons but also correctional staff and outside communities.
Sign this petition if you agree that public officials should take steps to protect people in prison or jail from the virus as well as preserving contact with loved ones on the outside.
Mass incarceration has left prisons and jails highly susceptible to an outbreak given overcrowding, lack of resources, and little access to medical care. To address this situation public officials need to take steps to reduce overcrowding and ensure access to medical care as well as access to communication with loved ones. These steps include:
Identifying people who are scheduled to be released from prison or jail in the next six months and release them into home confinement.
Parole prisoners over the age of 65, with priority given to those who have underlying health conditions that make them particularly susceptible to the virus.
Individuals who have successfully completed at least three years of supervision should be transferred to administrative supervision or have their supervision terminated altogether.
Suspend copays for medical visits made by incarcerated persons. It is cruel and unusual punishment to deny access to lifesaving medical care to incarcerated individuals simply because they can't afford it. This is particularly unjust when considering prisoners often work for less than a dollar a day, including those making hand sanitizer for the state of New York.
Correctional facilities across the country have drastically reduced or completely eliminated visitation. In normal times, we would point to the significant evidence that sustained meaningful contact with family and friends benefits incarcerated people in the long run, including reducing recidivism. But it is even more important, in this time of crisis, for incarcerated people to know that their loved ones are safe and vice versa. While many facilities have suspended in-person visitation, only a few have made an effort to supplement this loss by waiving fees for phone calls and video communication. We must ensure FREE access to smart visitations and phone calls for all incarcerated individuals.
RELEASE ALL CANNABIS PRISONERS. No one incarcerated for a victimless cannabis offense should continue to be incarcerated today. Now is the time to free our cannabis prisoners and further reduce the risk of outbreaks in correctional facilities.


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Reasons Retailers See Better Times in Store for 2007
David Merrefield 2 | Jan 01, 2007
By David Merrefield
The good news about the year just closed is that the industry started to stir from a long slumber and move in proactive ways to retain and recapture business that was draining away toward non-conventional retailing formats.
The better news is that there's every reason to anticipate that this year will be the time that the changes now being put into effect will produce an even more tangible payoff for those players making the right moves.
Take a look at the news feature referenced on Page 1 of this week's SN for more about the groundwork for success being laid by many retailers.
We'll take a look at some of that in a moment, but first, let's consider the observations of one industry figure quoted in the news feature about how the industry has been changing in recent time: "Over the last several years it seems as if the industry has come out of a bit of a slumber. Today, more folks are realizing they can't do business the way it's been done for the last 50 years. I think a lot of retailers … spent the last few years working on things, and you're seeing a lot of those efforts coming to fruition today."
That's about as apt a summary as could be wanted of what has happened in the food-retailing industry in recent time, and what's likely to continue as 2007 goes on. At least, let's hope so.
Now let's take a look at a couple of the strategies, or situations, mentioned in this week's news feature that seem to be propelling the industry forward.
• Survivors' Rewards:
Some retailers are enjoying rewards simply because they managed to remain in the game as others fell away. Long-standing problems of overcapacity were resolved in some areas as companies such as Winn-Dixie, Albertsons and some Ahold banners were trimmed away. Even Wal-Mart is expanding at a slightly slower rate now than has been the case in previous years. Many smaller retailers fell away too.
This helps the survivors, although at a high cost to those unfortunate enough to have built careers around the withering companies.
• Operational Opportunity:
In a related situation, many independents, their wholesalers and chains alike are finding opportunities in stores offered for sale by the receding players. This provides a chance to make slow but strategic expansions at a cost far less than building entirely new stores. This situation, too, implies that survivors will have a chance to grow stronger than they were in earlier years.
One further consideration: Notwithstanding the signals that justify optimism, many operators are worried about cost containment. Said one: "I think costs are going to squeeze some retailers so they will have to make efforts to keep prices [competitive despite] the increase in fuel costs, which affects utilities and the cost of goods."
The office of SN has moved. We're now headquartered at 249 W. 17th St., New York, NY 10011.
Everyone on the SN staff has new telephone numbers, fax numbers and email addresses too. You can see new contact information for staff members on the table-of-contents page of this week's issue, and those to follow.
Happy New Year from all of us.


Drinking regularly is important for your cat's health, as it helps ensure proper kidney function and prevents crystal formation that can lead to urinary diseases.
The Catit Flower Fountain Mini is a fresh water drinking bowl for cats. Thanks to the flower accessory, the compact fountain allows for 3 different water flow settings to appeal to picky drinkers- Gentle flow, Bubbling top and Calm streams.
Unlike regular bowls, the Catit Mini Flower Fountain pushes only fresh, filtered water to the surface to stimulate your cat to drink more. The filter continuously purifies and softens hard tap water, while also retaining stray hairs, sediment and debris. It can also effectively remove excess calcium and magnesium from the water.
The whisker-stress free design allows your cat to drink comfortably.
The Catit Mini Fountain Filter is easy to disassemble and clean. Simply hand-wash each part with natural soap, free of chemicals or abrasive solutions and rinse thoroughly. The Mini Flower Fountain has a stable, yet compact 1.5 L (50.7 fl oz) water reservoir.
Aesthetically pleasant and functional, the Catit Flower Fountain is perfect for your feline and your decor.


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[view] => wimbledon
Wimbledon (United States/United Kingdom/France, 2004)
A movie review by James Berardinelli
Love in tennis doesn't have to be bad, as Richard Loncraine's Wimbledon shows. A formulaic motion picture that delights in spite of (or perhaps because of?) its reliance upon conventions, Wimbledon is the kind of movie that allows the non-cynical movie-goer to sit back and relax in the presence of actors who work well with each other and a script whose familiarity is an asset. It's rare for any motion picture to successfully combine the clichés of the sports and romance genres, while keeping a balance between them. In recent years, I can name only two: For Love of the Game and The Cutting Edge. To that select group, Wimbledon can be added.
The sports portion of the movie employs the usual underdog-makes-good scenario. Tennis is relatively new to this kind of treatment, but we have seen it tried with everything from baseball to basketball to boxing to golf, and there's not a lot of variation. The romance is more serious than comedic; Loncraine (whom art-house viewers may remember as the director of Ian McKellan's Richard III) has a greater interest in developing a real-world kind of relationship than punctuating the love affair with goof-ups and pratfalls. There are laughs to be had, but, if you want to call Wimbledon a "romantic comedy," be assured that the emphasis is on romantic.
Peter Colt (Paul Bettany) is a 31-year old tennis has-been. Actually, make that a never-was. His current world ranking of #119 is considerably below his position at #11 in 1996, but, even in his heyday, he was never a household name. Now, he has decided to announce his retirement after one more try at Wimbledon, where he has garnered a wild-card bid. He first encounters up-and-coming American star Lizzie Bradbury (Kirsten Dunst) when he accidentally enters her hotel room to find her in the shower. This mistake turns out to be the beginning of a whirlwind romance. For Peter, it's the best thing that could have happened to him - he's winning matches he was expected to lose and advancing further into the tournament than anyone believed he could. The opposite is true for Lizzie, who is favored to reach the finals. She's losing her focus and her play is becoming sloppy.
The film echoes some real-life tennis stories, such as the '70s storybook romance between Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert (it was short-lived, but made big headlines in the tennis world when it was hot), and the incredible ride to the U.S. Open semifinals for a 39-year old Connors in 1991 (before the tournament, he was ranked #174). Anyone wanting to call Wimbledon a fairy tale is within their rights (and it does have a fairy tale quality), but the storyline doesn't venture too far from reality.
As I have said dozens of times, romantic movies are made or broken by how well the leads interact with each other. If an audience believes they are in love and wants them to be together, it's irrelevant how plain or convoluted the plot is. And, in this case, there's plenty of chemistry between Bettany and Dunst. Also, while both are convincing when playing the romantic aspects of their roles, they look good on the court as well. Although it's possible that the editing has something to do with it, Bettany and Dunst look like they know what to do with a racket.
Bettany is a familiar face, having been seen in films like A Beautiful Mind and Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World. His manner is a lot like that of Colin Firth: reserved and humble. It's part of his charm. Dunst, on the other hand, is known world-wide as Spider-Man's Mary Jane. It's to her credit that she sheds the superhero's girlfriend image immediately. She becomes Lizzie, and her natural high level of energy shines through. She's as bouncy and lively as anyone this side of Reese Witherspoon.
As much as Wimbledon gains from its two leads, the film also offers other small pleasures. The supporting cast is stacked with competent actors, including Sam Neill and Bernard Hill (best-known as King Theoden in The Lord of the Rings) as the fathers of Lizzie and Peter, respectively. The script is smart, and includes some incisive internal monologues by Peter. The handling of agents (one is played by Jon Favreau) is spot-on. And, at least to a casual fan of the sport, the script seems to have been penned by someone who knows what they're talking about. Die-hards may be able to find gaffes, but the screenplay stands up to a casual inspection.
I have never apologized for my taste in movies, and I'm not going to start now. Yes, Wimbledon is a crowd-pleaser, but it doesn't energize audiences by pandering to the least common denominator. The film has heart and spirit, and it does a lot of things well. There are plenty of other choices out there if you're looking for something surprising. Wimbledon has the feel of a comfortable bathrobe - you can sink into it and relax.
Director: Richard Loncraine
Cast: Kirsten Dunst, Paul Bettany, Sam Neill, Jon Favreau, Bernard Hill, Eleanor Bron, Austin Nichols
Screenplay: Adam Brooks and Jennifer Flackett & Mark Levin
Cinematography: Darius Khondji
Music: Edward Shearmur
U.S. Distributor: Universal Pictures
MPAA Rating: "PG-13" (Profanity, Sexual Situations, Nudity)
Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1
Three...better movies of this genre
Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008)
When Harry Met Sally (1989)
Kissing Jessica Stein (2002)
worse movies of this genre
Hottie and the Nottie, The (2008)
Just Friends (2005)
Runaway Bride (1999)
Three...better movies of Kirsten Dunst
Anastasia (1997)
Wag the Dog (1997)
worse movies of Kirsten Dunst
Marie Antoinette (2006)
Three...better movies of Paul Bettany
Beautiful Mind, A (2001)
Secret Life of Bees, The (2008)
Margin Call (2011)
worse movies of Paul Bettany
Transcendence (2014)
Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018)
Da Vinci Code, The (2006)
Three...better movies of Sam Neill
Horse Whisperer, The (1998)
Forgotten Silver (1969)
worse movies of Sam Neill
Vow, The (2012)
Commuter, The (2018)


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Feb. 10 / 8:00-11:00am Download to Calendar Women's Tennis at #17 Nebraska Athletics
Feb. 10 / 3:00pm Download to Calendar Acrobatics and Tumbling at Fairmont State Athletics
Feb. 11 Download to Calendar Men's Golf at UTSA Oak Hills Invitational Athletics
Feb. 11 Download to Calendar Women's Golf at Northrop Grumman Invitational Athletics
Feb. 12 / 4:00-6:00pm Download to Calendar Softball vs. Southern Miss Athletics
Feb. 12 / 6:00-8:00pm Download to Calendar Women's Basketball vs. Texas Tech Athletics
Feb. 13 / 8:00-10:00pm Download to Calendar Men's Basketball vs. West Virginia Athletics
Feb. 15 / 3:00-5:00pm Download to Calendar Softball vs. Northern Colorado Athletics
Feb. 15 / 5:30-7:30pm Download to Calendar Softball vs. Pacific Athletics
Feb. 15 / 8:30-11:30pm Download to Calendar Baseball at UC Irvine Athletics
Feb. 16 / 10:00am Download to Calendar Women's Equestrian at SMU (Hunter Seat) Athletics
Feb. 16 / 11:00am - 2:00pm Download to Calendar Men's Tennis vs. Texas-Pan American Athletics
Feb. 16 / 12:30-2:30pm Download to Calendar Softball at Texas A&M Corpus Christi Athletics
Feb. 16 / 1:00-3:00pm Download to Calendar Women's Basketball vs. TCU Athletics
Feb. 16 / 1:00-4:00pm Download to Calendar Women's Tennis vs. #17 Vanderbilt Athletics
Feb. 16 / 3:00-5:00pm Download to Calendar Softball vs. Texas A&M Corpus Christi Athletics
Feb. 16 / 3:00-6:00pm Download to Calendar Men's Tennis vs. UT Arlington Athletics
Feb. 16 / 3:00-6:00pm Download to Calendar Baseball at UC Irvine Athletics
Feb. 16 / 6:00-8:00pm Download to Calendar Men's Basketball at Kansas State Athletics
PreviousNextFebruary 2013


Just two weeks ago, I was lucky enough to help Beth prepare for the very first "Do What you Love" Retreat. What an absolutely fabulous experience for so many. Laughter, tears, kindred spirits, creative adventure and courage were found in the beautiful Yorkshire countryside. It was such an honor to be part of this. So many memories were made that will stay with us all for many years.
Seeing this view everyday, sunshine and lots of bunny rabbits filled my creative heart with joy.
I was absolutely doing what I loved – losing myself in creativity.
Rachel Hazell – "The traveling bookbinder" was so inspiring, funny and has a gorgeous singing voice.
The comforting fire in the tipi warmed our hearts.
Knowledge sharing with Surface Pattern Designer Rachael Taylor -just one of the amazing enterprise sessions.
Beautiful mixed media canvas by Priscilla Jones. Priscilla was teaching a contemporary 3d workshop with wire, paper/silk & wax – AMAZING!
Gallery & Market place night – so inspiring to see what everyone had created.
Happy Doing What I Love?
Hi Louise! Great post, and it was lovely to meet you! Your book was amazing too. I wish I had had more time to look through it.
I just cannot tire of seeing everyones photos and hearing everyones stories. So lovely. Thanks for the pic of my lamps. That last picture of you is GORGEOUS. what a lovely happy face!
looks like a truly wonderful time, and what a unique setting that lodge appears to be. the picture of you at the end if stunning. you look incredibly blissed out.
Amazing…You and all the participants had unforgettable moments at that beautiful place. Thanks for sharing all those spectacular photos. Your photo is cheerful and captures the great experienced lived at that beautiful scenario! Next year…I have to be there for sure!!
This kind of art retreat looks like so much fun…someday, when I'm back to working full-time and have my summers off, I'd like to begin participating in these kinds of gatherings, where women can connect with like-minded, creative souls, and learn new techniques!
Love the 3rd photo especially!
A 3 day workshop which was all about charting your own map and discoveries sounds AMAZING!
You look so happy in the last photo !
You all look like you had a wonderful experience. I love looking at everyones photo's. Nelly and I are already talking about coming next year and spending some extra time in the country. That last photo speaks louder then words. Truely.


The Monroe Junior Woman's Club consists of women in and around the Monroe area who serve the community through service.
Mutual council and helpfulness and to unite the influence and service of our women in promoting educational, civic, social and moral advancement.
What work I have to do.


Lyndsay Green is a sociologist and authority on communications technologies for learning. She has worked with groups as diverse as the World Bank, the National Film Board and the Inuit of Canada.
When deep social change reshapes our lives, social mores often take time to catch up. This book offers a moral framework for parents and teens on how to cope and how to behave within the exciting and game-changing social phenomenon of technology.
The digital revolution has left many parents feeling intimidated by the world their teens inhabit and they worry that they lack the experience to parent effectively. Teens Gone Wired: Are You Ready? examines today's parenting challenges from the totality of the teen experience: the teen mind, the social teen, the teen spirit, the teen citizen, the teen body, and the teen-parent connection. The book combines advice from dozens of parents with a wealth of recommended sources, including links to the many support systems to be found online.
By recounting stories from parents who've been there and providing practical tips, the book shores up parents' confidence and gives them the tools they need to raise today's teens. The book's real-world perspective is enhanced by dialogues between parents and teens, as well as input from teens and former teens who offer their advice to parents.
Parents have a critical role in mediating their teens' experiences with both the digital and the real world. Moreover, they must confront their own relationships with these worlds. The book gains its clear-eyed perspective from the author's decades of experience as a consultant in learning technologies and as a mother of two former teens who never knew a day before computers. While the book is unflinching in acknowledging the trials that parents face today, it supports the author's optimism that parents are not only capable of doing a good job, they can have fun along the way.
Lyndsay Green is author of the bestselling You Could Live a Long Time: Are you Ready?


Jack Frost is visiting again. The air feels like a million tiny pinpricks against my face. Ah, yes, now the wind. It takes pleasure in whipping my hair into my eyes, blinding me. Not a delightful tease like it's sister winds, spring and summer. No, winter's wind carries a kife. And it can cut us deep.
My dad died in the winter. Three years ago. My perpetual calendar will forever be set on February 3rd. We didn't expect to lose him. The days leading up to February 4th were a haze of hospital rooms, rehab centers and, finally, a nursing home where we had hoped . . .
But that hope was not realized.
Dad could have died amidst the blazing heat of July on a day when the sun shone it's brightest and still, those days would have been winter in my soul.
Winter is not just a season on the calendar. All of you know this. For all of you have, I can type this with 99.9% certainty, experienced a spiritual winter. Feeling numb to the world around you. Feeling the loss of a person, a dream, or perhaps even losing a bit of yourself. Worst of all, feeling separated from God.
A long walk in a seemingly desolate valley.
I say seemingly because it is during this time that God teaches us so much and so tenderly. You see, during much of our desert walk, God carries us. Sadly, we often don't recognize the feeling of His arms around us or the sound of His whisper in our ear. We are too consumed by our pain. Too focused on our feelings.
Pain and feelings are temporal things. Things of this world. Gradually, if we continue to keep our eyes fixed on Him, the temporal things fade and we will be ready to receive all that He has for us.
The bite of the wind and the heaviness of heart that comes this time of year is a reminder of that winter. It's good to remember our valleys. Because, although I didn't know then that God was carrying me through that dark, lonely time, I know it now. And it points me to a future hope, one that is sure.
If God has taught you something in the valley that you think will benefit others, please share.


Europe's public service media (PSM) community has wrapped up its annual two-day General Assembly hosted by EBU Members Czech TV and Czech Radio.
The two-day event brought together more than 165 senior broadcast executives in Prague and included a series of animated discussions about the challenges facing PSM. In particular, Members highlighted the need for greater cooperation to speed innovation and creativity in the face of a fundamental shift in the media industry driven not only by technology, but also by global competitors. Thought was also given to the creative potential and benefits of internal production versus external production.
A second declaration unanimously signed by the assembly addressed the potential impact of draft EU legislation on 'Trade Secrets' to investigative journalism. Mr Philippot told the gathering that the EBU Community had reacted to some extent with 'disbelief' that EU legislation could genuinely introduce restrictions to media freedom and the right of the public to be informed. Members warned that proposed changes to European law would restrict journalists from investigating and reporting on business activities of possible public interest.
Delegates also determined to create an International Broadcasting Assembly, which will integrate with the Bruges Group, which was founded in 1991 in Belgium. In the past 20 years, it has expanded from its six founding broadcasters (BBC, Deutsche Welle, 3sat, RAI, RTPi and TV5) to more than 20 member stations from across Europe, including radio broadcasters and international partners. The Bruges Group as a whole aims to provide its overseas audience with reliable, high-quality news and information that promotes European culture and the values of democracy, freedom of the press and human rights, strengthening the European identity through the broadcasting industry.
Members of the Central and East European Group also paid tribute to the EBU Partnership Programme (EPP) for its 'valuable support and assistance, professional advisory services, trainings.' In a statement to the General Assembly, Members acknowledged the contribution the EPP had made to fledgling broadcasters, and highlighted the essential role of the spirit of solidarity of the Union – helping to boost development.


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'A spirit of hope': Teaching English inside the Calhoun County ICE detention facility
Elena Durnbaugh
The classroom doesn't have desks or computers, bulletin boards or brightly colored posters. A stacked washer-dryer unit sits along one of the off-white walls. A lone blackboard is attached to the cinder blocks at the front.
"Welcome to ESL class," Laurel Macon writes on the board in neat, elementary school teacher print.
She taught in Battle Creek Public Schools for 30 years, mostly third and fourth graders, but she's retired now. She and another retired teacher, Janet Chichester, volunteer once a week teaching English as a second language to immigrant detainees being held by U.S. Department of Homeland Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement at the Calhoun County jail.
The students are women who have been incarcerated by ICE because they are accused of being in the United States illegally.
Each woman is waiting for a court date. They're separated from their families and have no idea what their future might hold.
But the class is a bright spot of laughter and learning. Macon and Chichester call it a place of hope.
Macon had 14 students in her class on Monday, ranging in age from their twenties to their fifties.
A majority of the women speak Spanish. Many of them speak more than one language. One woman, who has been detained for over a year, speaks Albanian, English, and has been teaching herself Spanish. One student is a native Mandarin speaker. Another speaks Tigrinya , one of three official languages in her home country of Eritrea in east Africa.
"It really is their lifeline," Macon said about the class. "They need to know what the guards are saying."
The Calhoun County Ice Detention Facility currently houses 129 immigrant detainees, though that number fluctuates. The county has a contract with the federal government to house immigration detainees.
Twelve languages and more than a dozen countries have been represented in Macon and Chichester's class. They give each woman a dictionary to help translate words from her native language into English. Macon said she's bought almost 200 out of her own pocket.
"The women love the dictionaries. It helps them with their homework, and it helps them learn the language," she said. "Some have really made some growth."
The pair bring in all their own materials for class, including worksheets, paper and pencils. The women get to keep most of the materials, except for the pencils, which are passed out and collected every class.
Macon has been teaching at the detention center for about five months. Chichester started teaching there in the fall of 2017. They said that the only thing they can plan on is that class will be different every week.
"If things are the same a couple of weeks in a row, I think, 'Oh, well, next week will be like this.' Well, it's never like that." Chichester said. "Every now and then I can find out if there's a new group of women, but usually, you just show up and you find out."
Chichester worked as a preschool special education teacher during her career, and said the process of figuring out how to teach English as a second language was daunting, especially because class at the detention center is so different from week to week.
"I couldn't find anything that really worked because people that come into the jail come in, and they might be there for three months or four months, and then they leave," she said. "And their English may be nothing, to rudimentary, to just...a really, really wide range."
Prior to volunteering at the detention center, Chichester and her husband spent five years working at a Methodist mission in Guatemala. It was there that she learned Spanish. When she got back, she felt lost and was looking for something meaningful to do.
"When I was in Guatemala, I lived among people who had very different opportunities than I did, who lived at a much more basic level that I did," she said. "What this allows me to do is to be present with other people who haven't had the same privileges in life that I have."
Each class starts with three questions, which are written on a piece of poster paper and hung on the board: "What is your name?" "Where are you from?" "How long have you been here?"
One of the students stood to introduce herself to the rest of the class.
"I am from El Salvador and Michigan," she said. " I have been here for six months."
She was not the only woman who said she was from Michigan. Though they are from countries around the world, for some, the United States is an important part of their identity.
Each lesson has a theme. This week, the women worked on question words.
"How old is George's grandmother?" Macon read from one of the many worksheets she brought in for the lesson.
"My mother is 69," the woman from El Salvador and Michigan said to Macon.
Macon smiled and replied, "She's only a year younger than me. You could be my little girl."
Macon and Chichester have bonded with many of their students, and Macon said that it can be hard when someone doesn't show up to class for a few weeks because they don't know what happened.
"It's so difficult because I think about them, and I wonder, where are they? How are they doing?" Macon said.
The women who leave have either been deported, are out on bond or have been transferred, according to Captain Holly Thomas, the community corrections manager for Calhoun County.
"A lot of it depends on their criminal history," she said.
Sometimes it's possible for Macon and Chichester to stay in touch after a student leaves. Macon still exchanges WhatsApp messages with one woman who was deported.
"This woman wanted to come here and go into the medical field and work with elderly people, and she was extremely bright," Macon said. "Her English was excellent. She was even picking up on Spanish, and she just reminded me of a young woman who should be, you know, home from her college on the weekend...but now she's back in her home country, and she tells me that there's... no job, no educational choices for her, and no one to practice English with."
Chichester said that although it can be emotionally challenging, teaching English to the detainees is more often a joy and a privilege.
"It also really recharges you, when you're in a place where you see people who are in the midst of such hardship and still have this great spirit. This spirit of hope, and they have faith," she said.
At the end of most sessions, the class plays a game called "Papa Caliente," which means "hot potato" in Spanish. Chichester bought a toy potato that plays music, and the group passes it around in a circle while they answer and ask a question in English. When the music stops, the person with the toy has to go to the middle of the circle to dance, sing or answer a question.
"One time... one of the women decided she would sing. And so she started singing in Spanish 'The Spirit of the Lord Is In This Place,' and pretty soon — I tear up just thinking about it — everybody was standing in a circle singing," Chichester said. "Singing that — the spirit of the Lord — and I think in a large measure that's true...It was real for them. They felt God there, in the midst of their trials, and they shared it."
"That will be with me forever," she said.
Sometimes, the women share their sadness and worry in class.
"We were working on 'sometimes,' 'never' and 'always,' so like, 'What do you sometimes do? What do you never do? What do you always do?" Macon said. "An older woman... she said 'I sometimes cry because I don't know where my son is, and I'm so worried about him.' So even though we're just teaching a language, when you really hear where their hearts are, it really — I don't know. Sometimes I think, 'Is this a dream, is this really the country that I live in, that we've got women that are under lock and key, and they don't know where their families are?' So, that's the reality of it."
For all of the solemn moments, there are instances of laughter and fun.
During a matching activity on Monday, where the students had to match a question word to a phrase, one group formed the question, "Who has laundry that needs to be done?"
"It's me," said one of the women making her classmates laugh. "I have laundry."
The women help and support one another during their English lessons, leaning over to point out correct answers on a worksheet and cheering for classmates after they give the right answer to a question. Those who have more English fluency help translate for those who are just starting to learn the language.
"They help each other struggle," Chichester said.
But Chichester said she doesn't forget she's in a jail.
"Maybe there are times when you get really involved in the class, but everybody in front of you is wearing an orange uniform, and in order to get into the room you go through a series of locked doors," she said. "I get really involved in what I'm doing, but I don't think that I ever forget that I'm in a jail. Never."
Contact Elena Durnbaugh at (269) 243- 5938 or edurnbaugh@battlecreekenquirer.com. Follow her on Twitter @ElenaDurnbaugh.


Swimming is one of the most popular sports activities in the United States. Just 2.5 hours of physical activity per week, including water-based activity, has health benefits, no matter our age. As with any form of physical activity, we maximize the benefits of swimming when we do our part to minimize the chance of illness and injury.


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\section{Introduction}
Single image super-resolution (SISR) is a classical and long-standing problem in low-level computer vision. The goal is to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) image according to its degraded low-resolution (LR) counterpart. It has been applied widespreadly in multiple diverse fields, such as HDTV~\cite{HDTV}, magnetic resonance imaging~\cite{mri1, mri2}, satellite sensor image reconstruction~\cite{Satellite1, Satellite2}, and underwater applications\cite{Underwater1, Underwater2}. The difficulty of SISR is that numerous HR images can map to an identical LR image even through the same degradation model. To find a relatively satisfactory result in the infinite solution space, plenty of traditional SISR algorithms have been proposed in the literature, including but not limited to, interpolation-based~\cite{interpolation1, interpolation2}, image statistics-based~\cite{statistics1, statistics2}, patch-based~\cite{patch1, patch2, patch3} and example-based ~\cite{example1, example2, example3} methods.

Since the dawn of deep learning, CNN-based methods have made further progress in SISR. SRCNN~\cite{SRCNN} innovatively employed a three-layer CNN to directly learn the mapping function and led to significant improvements compared with conventional methods.  After that, more and more creative ideas are introduced, such as residual learning~\cite{VDSR, SRResNet, EDSR}, feature fusion~\cite{RDN, SRFBN, MemNet}, well-designed loss function\cite{SRResNet, EDSR, EnhanceNet} and attention mechanism~\cite{RCAN, SAN, IMDN, LatticeNet}, advancing the performance of SISR.

In recent years, the communities have noticed the deployment issue on mobile device. Most superior models are designed for desktop purposes so they can not be directly applied to mobile environment. In order to strive towards the ultimate goal of applying SISR technology to real-world applications where computational resources are limited, image restoration on smart-phone contests ~\cite{contest1, contest2, contest3} have been held to shed a light upon this problem. Meanwhile, most mobile devices are embedded with deep learning accelerators, and some benchmark suites~\cite{benchmark1, benchmark2} are developed to measure their performances. For creating mobile-friendly models, there are two basic ideas. One is toward network optimization which can be mainly categorized into quantization~\cite{quantization1, quantization2}, pruning~\cite{pruning1, pruning2} and knowledge distillation~\cite{distillation1, distillation2}. The other is toward lightweight architecture design\cite{IDN, IMDN, CARN, LatticeNet}. Our focus is how to create a general SISR network architecture which is beneficial to 8-bit quantization.

In spite of achieving prominent improvements, yet there are drawbacks in two aspects. First, the obtained models are usually evaluated on desktop CPUs and GPUs, making it nearly impossible to estimate the actual inference time and memory consumption on real mobile hardware. Second, even recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) lightweight models include dozens of convolution nodes~\cite{EDSR, CARN, IDN} and time-consuming nodes such as attention~\cite{IMDN, LatticeNet}, making them impracticable for realistic use-cases (\eg restore twenty-four 1080P video frames per second). We resolve the drawbacks by researching meta-node latency on mobile hardware and digging deeper into what kind of architecture can really make sense to INT8 quantization. In summary, our main contributions are as follows:
\begin{itemize}
	\item We investigate meta-node latency on mobile hardware according to SOTA lightweight SISR architectures, which yields portable operations.
	\item We propose anchor-based residual learning strategy, which is much faster than nearest neighbor resize on mobile device, and can largely improve the INT8 quantized model performance by nearly 2dB without any parameter cost.
	\item We propose anchor-based plain net (ABPN) for mobile SISR, which is able to restore twenty-seven 1080P images (x3 scale) per second, maintaining good perceptual quality as well.
\end{itemize}

\section{Related Work}
\subsection{Overview of image super-resolution}
Recently, deep learning based methods have achieved dramatic improvements in various kinds of tasks including SISR. Dong \etal~\cite{SRCNN} innovatively introduced a deep learning model called SRCNN to reconstruct HR image in an end-to-end manner. Although SRCNN outperforms hand-crafted models by a large margin, it entails high computational loads due to learning in the HR space. To solve the problem, shi \etal proposed ESPCN~\cite{ESPCN} to replace the bicubic filter with a more efficient sub-pixel convolution. In the same period, Kim \etal~\cite{VDSR} deepened the network to twenty layers, indicating that the depth is crucially important for SISR task. Subsequently, Ledig \etal~\cite{SRResNet} introduced residual block (RB)~\cite{ResNet} to maximize the power of residual learning. Furthermore, based on SRResNet~\cite{SRResNet}, Lim \etal~\cite{EDSR} presented an enhanced deep super-resolution network (EDSR), which made a breakthrough by removing unnecessary modules in RB and had a far-reaching impact on the succeeding studies~\cite{RDN, RCAN, CARN, RNAN, RFA, LatticeNet}. For example, RDN~\cite{RDN} proposed residual dense block to make full use of all the hierarchical features via dense connected convolution layers. RCAN~\cite{RCAN} integrated channel attention mechanism into RB and adopted residual-in-residual structure to form a very deep network.

\subsection{Lightweight image super-resolution}
Due to the growing realistic demand, many works have devoted to making models lighter and faster. They can be divided into explicit~\cite{DRCN, DRRN, SRFBN, CARN, IDN} and implicit schemes~\cite{LapSRN, CARN, MemNet, IMDN, LatticeNet}. The former adopts simple operations to explicitly reduce the model complexity, such as directly cutting down the width and depth~\cite{SRFBN}, recurrent structure~\cite{DRCN, DRRN} and group convolution~\cite{CARN, IDN}. These naive strategies bring about either accuracy loss or more extra overheads (\eg, FLOPs). The latter implicit scheme concentrates on sufficiently utilizing intermediate features as well as enhancing the discriminative capability of the network, thus leading to less computational cost and better results on the whole. For instance, LapSRN~\cite{LapSRN} exploited features at each pyramid level to restore the sub-band residuals of different high-resolution images. MemNet~\cite{MemNet} introduced gating mechanism to bridge the long-term with short-term information. CARN~\cite{CARN} implemented cascading mechanism to incorporate features at both local and global level. IMDN~\cite{IMDN} retained partial information as refined features and fused the distilled features  by contrast-aware channel attention (CCA) mechanism. LatticeNet~\cite{LatticeNet} created a butterfly structure and also applied CCA to dynamically combine two RBs. The capacity of lightweight models is limited, so recent architecture designs pay attention to making full use of information of different levels as has been stated above. However, situation on mobile hardware is totally different from desktop CPUs and GPUs. For example, hierarchical feature fusion~\cite{CARN, IDN, IMDN, LatticeNet} would cause slow access to RAM due to limited cache memory on mobile device. Another popular strategy, attention mechanism~\cite{RCAN, SENet, IMDN, LatticeNet}, would also lead to unbearable time overhead because of calculating global statistics and element-wise multiplication.

\subsection{Network Quantization}
Quantization is a process of distributing continuous real-valued infinite numbers to a smaller set of discrete finite values, for minimizing the number of bits required and also maximizing the accuracy of the attendant computations. The widely used full-integer quantization technology can be three times faster than original float-point network, and holds the potential to reduce memory footprint by a factor of 4x. Post-training quantization and quantization-aware training are two famous techniques supported by TensorFlow~\cite{tensorflow}. The former estimates value ranges of network parameter and activation by traversing provided representative data after training, while the latter finish this process during training by inserting fake quantization nodes. Both of them have demonstrated promising results on image perception tasks~\cite{task1, task2, task3}, but applying them to SR task is much harder and will incur significant accuracy drop. The reason is that current architectures remove batch normalization (BN) layers because they result in blurred reconstructed HR images with artifacts~\cite{EDSR}, but the removal also leads to high dynamic quantization range at the same time. There are limited works~\cite{Q1, Q2} targeting on solving this problem. ~\cite{Q1} binarizes the convolution filters only in residual blocks, and adopts a learnable weight for each binary filter, which can not be applied to full-integer device. ~\cite{Q2} proposes PArameterized Max Scale to explore the upper bound of the quantization range adaptively, which increase training complexity due to manually selecting hyper-parameter and structured knowledge transfer. Simple and useful technology still remains to be explored.

\section{Proposed Method}
\begin{figure*}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{figures/RL}
	\caption{Illustration of residual learning in image space and feature space.}
	\label{fig:RL}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{figures/architecture}
	\caption{The whole network architecture.}
	\label{fig:architecture}
\end{figure*}
In this section, we start from investigating meta-node latency. Then, we introduce the insight behind our anchor-based residual learning. Finally, we build our final ABPN and describe the design principle of each component.

\subsection{Meta-node Latency}
\label{Meta-node Latency}
We bear in mind that our goal is to create a real-time model qualified for realistic use-cases (\eg super-resolve video frames). The first thing is figuring out the set of portable meta-node and time-consuming meta-node. We create our initial meta-node set by decomposing recent lightweight SR architectures~\cite{EDSR, CARN, IDN, IMDN, LatticeNet} and then test these meta-nodes on Synaptics Dolphin Platform with a dedicated NPU. They can be divided into four categories: tensor operator nodes, convolution nodes, activation nodes and resize nodes. From Table.~\ref{tab:meta-nodes}, we have four observations. First of all, recent technologies used in SOTA lightweight architectures seem to be impracticable to be deployed on mobile device. EDSR~\cite{EDSR} adopts a mass of RBs, and each RB will introduce an element-wise addition which is even slower than highly-optimized convolution layer. CARN incorporates global and local features, and each incorporation includes one concatenation of large amount of channels and one $1\times1$ convolution, bringing about only 0.09dB improvement according to their article. IDN~\cite{IDN} and IMDN~\cite{IMDN} are also in dire straits on mobile device, for rapid feature split and concat. It's more serious for LatticeNet~\cite{LatticeNet} which adopts sixteen CA blocks, and each CA block contains one element-wise addition and multiplication, two pooling layers, and four $1\times1$ convolution layers. Total sixteen CA blocks can only contribute to 0.15dB improvement while leading to heavy computational burden. Another common problem is that they all need to retain features of previous layers, and utilize $1\times1$ convolution layer to control how much of the previous states should be reserved, and determine how much of the current state should be stored. This long-term dependency causes frequent slow contaction with RAM since there is only limited cache memory in mobile device. Thus, we would not take feature fusion, feature distillation, group convolution and attention mechanism into consideration. Second, although the number of parameters and floating point operations of $3\times3$ convolution layer is nine times as large as that of $1\times1$ convolution layer, the time consumption does not differ much due to parallel calculation. So we prefer to utilize $3\times3$ convolution layer to produce larger receptive fields, which is critically important for  micro-architecture. Third, as for activation function, we choose ReLU because it is much faster than Leaky ReLU and we find that the performance gain of Leaky ReLU is quite small (within 0.03dB). Last, resize nodes are too slow because of coordinate mapping between interpolated HR image and input LR image.

\begin{table}[!htbp]
	\centering
	\caption{Meta-nodes inference time (ms) on Synaptics Dolphin Platform. Resize nodes are applied to network input, while other nodes are applied to 1080P network output.}
	\smallskip
	\label{tab:meta-nodes}
	\resizebox{1.0\linewidth}{!}{
		\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
			\hline
			\multicolumn{3}{|c}{Main type} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{ Meta-node} & Time\\
			\hline
			\hline
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\multirow{6}{*}{Tensor operator nodes}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Channel split} & 9.8 \\
			\cline{4-7}
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Channel concat} & 10.4 \\
			\cline{4-7}
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Add two tensors} & 5.2 \\
			\cline{4-7}
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Multiply two tensors} & 9.6 \\
			\cline{4-7}
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Global max pooling} & 20.0 \\
			\cline{4-7}
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Global average plooling} & 13.1 \\
			\hline
			\hline
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{Convolution nodes}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{$3\times3$ Convolution} & 4.3 \\
			\cline{4-7}
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{$1\times1$ Convolution} & 2.9 \\
			\hline
			\hline
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{Activation nodes}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{ReLU} & 1.3 \\
			\cline{4-7}
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Leaky ReLU} & 3.6 \\
			\hline
			\hline
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{Resize nodes}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Nearest neighbor} & 57.6 \\
			\cline{4-7}
			\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Bilinear} & 75.4 \\
			\hline
		\end{tabular}}
\end{table}

\subsection{Anchor-based Residual Learning}
\label{ABRL}
As has been discussed in Sec.~\ref{Meta-node Latency}, the available meta-nodes are really limited. To get a good solution, we need to dig deeper into the relationship between architecture design and INT8 quantization. As we know, the difficulty lies in high dynamic range of image-to-image mapping, so the direct idea is to produce lower standard deviation weights and activations. There are two simple ways to achieve this goal. One is adding BN layer, and the other is residual learning. On the one hand, BN is always integrated into RB, so the introduction will not only induce extra time and memory overhead, but also significantly decrease the performance by about 0.2dB. On the other hand, neighboring pixels always have nearly the same values so it seems nature to learn residual, which is close to zero. Residual learning can be divided into image-space residual learning (ISRL) and feature-space residual learning (FSRL). ISRL is adopted in early works~\cite{VDSR, DRRN} to map a LR image to a blurred HR image, while FSRL is widely adopted in recent SOTA models~\cite{SRResNet, IDN, IMDN} which sightly outperforms ISRL in floating-point space. However, we argue that ISRL is better for INT8 quantization because it forces the whole network to learn small residual, and this intuition will be experimentally verified in Sec.~\ref{Experiment}. From Table~\ref{tab:meta-nodes}, we can see that both image space interpolations suffer from unbearable time cost and even just one single node can not satisfy realistic demand. We recognize it is the floating calculation in coordinate mapping that restricts the deployment of ISRL. To tackle this problem, we propose anchor-based residual learning (ABRL). Different from nearest neighbor interpolation which needs floating calculation in coordinate mapping, ABRL directly repeats every pixel nine times in LR space to generate anchors for every pixel in HR space. Thanks to unique pixel shuffle layer, our ABRL can be easily realized by one channel-concat and one addition meta-node. Fig.~\ref{fig:RL} shows the four different kinds of residual learning strategy. As for time overhead, residual learning in feature space contains only one element-wise addition, which costs 5.2ms. Our proposed ABRL contains one channel-concat and one element-wise addition, which total costs 15.6ms, nearly a quarter of the time cost of nearest neighbor meta-node. It should be noted that the cost of nine channel-concats in LR image space is almost equal to that of one channel-concat in HR image space. Our ABRL has two main advantages: the first is that it can largely improve the performance of INT8 quantized model compared with that of residual learning in feature space (up to 0.6dB); the second is that multi-branch architecture can be inferred parallelly so the actual cost of ABRL is the same as feature-space residual learning, and the main cost of our ABRL and FSRL is brought by slow access to RAM. It is also worth mentioning that our ABRL is a special case of nearest neighbor interpolation when the scale factor is integer.

\subsection{Network Architecture}
The whole architecture is depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:architecture}. Our architecture mainly consists of four parts: shallow feature extraction part which transfers the image to feature space, deep feature extraction which extracts high-level information and restore details (edges, textures) step by step, reconstruction part which maps features to HR image space, and post  processing part which re-arrange pixels and restricts the values within normal image range.
Let's denote $I_{LR}$ and $I_{SR}$ as the input and output of our ABPN. We obtain shallow feature $F_0$ by:
\begin{equation}
    F_{0} = H_{SFE}(I_{LR})
\end{equation}
where $H_{SFE}\left( \cdot \right)$ denotes the mapping function in shallow feature extraction. We use one $3\times3$ convolution layer followed by ReLU to form this part. After that, we use Conv-ReLU pairs, which is the fastest combination in Table.~\ref{tab:meta-nodes}, to gradually refine details. The $i$-th deep features $F_{i}$ is obtained through:
\begin{equation}
    F_{i} = H_{DFE_{i}}(F_{i-1}), i=1,\dots,5,
\end{equation}
where $H_{DFE_{i}}\left( \cdot \right)$ represents $i$-th Conv-ReLU pair in deep feature extraction part.To fully take advantage of parallel inferring, we set the number of Conv-ReLU pairs to 5 to match the overhead in the upper branch, which means when Conv-ReLU pairs is less 5, the mobile inference time remains the same. Then, one convolution layer is adopted to transfer features to HR image space:
\begin{equation}
    F_{t} = H_{T}(F_{5})
\end{equation}
where $H_{T}\left( \cdot \right)$ is the mapping function in transition layer and $F_{t}$ is the obtained residual image features.Our ABRL is applied subsequently to get the super-resolved image of which the spatial pixels are put in the channel axis:
\begin{equation}
    F_{SR} = F_{t} + I_{LR}
\end{equation}
Finally, pixel shuffle layer is used to re-arrange $F_{SR}$ and a clip node is used to restrict values to get $I_{SR}$:
\begin{equation}
    I_{SR} = H_{PP}(F_{SR})
\end{equation}
where $H_{PP}\left( \cdot \right)$ is the mapping function in post processing part. Clip node, at the tail of the network,clips values less than zero or larger than 255. The absence of this node will cause the shift of output distribution, and when applying full-integer quantization the converter would think that there are negative values of real images.
\subsection{Loss Function}
 There are a lot of loss functions which have been adopted in previous works~\cite{EDSR, IDN, IMDN}. To make sure the improvement is mainly from our design, we simply use $L_{1}$ loss function to optimize our network which can be formulated as:
\begin{equation}
	L(\Theta) = \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\left \| f_{ABPN}(I_{LR}^{i}) - I_{HR}^{i} \right \|_{1}
\end{equation}
where $\Theta$ denotes the parameters of our network and $N$ is the total number of training samples. $I_{LR}^{i}$ and $I_{HR}^{i}$ denote the $i$-th LR patch and the corresponding ground truth. $f_{ABPN}\left( \cdot \right)$ represents the operations of the proposed ABPN.
\section{Experiments}
\label{Experiment}
\subsection{Settings}
\textbf{Implementation details.} In each training batch, 16 cropped $64 \times 64$ LR RGB patches augmented by random flipping and rotation are sent to the network. The learning rate is initialized as $1\times 10^{-3}$ and decreases half per 200 epochs for 1000 epochs. The number of kernels in the residual learning branch is set to 28. Parameters of our model is initialized using the method proposed by He \etal~\cite{kaiming} and optimized by ADAM optimizer~\cite{ADAM} with $\beta_1=0.9$, $\beta_2=0.999$, and $\epsilon=10^{-8}$. We follow the Mobile AI image super-resolution challenge~\cite{MAI2021} to measure SR results in the RGB space, and adopt DIV2K~\cite{DIV2K} as training and validation sets.

\subsection{Residual Learning}
In this section, we verify the efficiency of residual learning and the superiority of our ABRL. We first remove the upper branch in Fig.~\ref{fig:architecture} to build our baseline model. Then, we separately add four residual learning strategies to the baseline model. The results are reported in Table.~\ref{tab:ablation}, from which we have the following observations. For FP32 model, FSRL model can achieve the best performance (+0.03dB), while other methods achieves nearly the same performance. For INT8 quantization model, architecture without residual learning suffer from severly accuracy drop (-1.93dB), while the architectures with feature-space residual learning drops 0.78dB and architectures with image-space residual learning drop only 0.13dB. Thus, we can conclude that residual learning can largely allevate high dynamic range problem in INT8 quantization, and image-space residual learning is much better than feature-space residual learning.
\begin{table}[h]
	\centering
	\caption{Investigation of image space and feature space residual learning. The inference time is measured by Synaptics smart TV platform. FSRL denotes feature-space residual learning in Fig.~\ref{fig:RL}, ABRL denotes our proposed anchor-based residual learning.}
	\smallskip
	\label{tab:ablation}
	\resizebox{1.0\linewidth}{!}{
		\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c||c|}
			\hline
			Model & Params & FP32 & INT8 & Inference time \\
			\hline
			\hline
			Baseline & 42.54K & 30.21 & 28.28 & 26ms \\
			\hline
			\hline
			Baseline+nearest & 42.54K & 30.22 & 30.09 & 57.6ms \\
			\hline
			Baseline+bilinear & 42.54K & 30.24 & 30.11 & 74.9ms \\
			\hline
			Baseline+FSRL & 42.54K & 30.27 & 29.49 & 35.9ms \\
			\hline
			Baseline+ABRL & 42.54K & 30.22 & 30.09 & 36.8ms \\
			\hline
	\end{tabular}}
\end{table}

\subsection{Quantize-Aware Training}
Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a popular technology to boost the performance without any inference stage cost. We set initial learning rate to $1\times 10^{-4}$ and decreases half per 50 epochs for 200 epochs. We can further improve the performance by 0.06dB. By now, the INT8 quantized network only lose 0.07dB on mobile image super-resolution compared with its floating point version.

\subsection{Test on Snapdragon 820}
We report the inference time of our model on a real mobile device with Snapdragon 820. We use AI Benchmark\footnote{https://ai-benchmark.com/download} to get the CPU, GPU, NNAPI running time. The results are shown in Table.~\ref{tab:820}.

\begin{table}[h]
	\centering
	\caption{Inference time (ms) of ABPN on Snapdragon 820.}
	\smallskip
	\label{tab:820}
	\resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{
		\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c||c|}
		\hline
		Model & CPU & GPU & NNAPI & PSNR \\
		\hline
		FSRCNN & 149.2 & 44.3 & 21.7 & 28.1\\
		\hline
		ABPN & 235.0 & 69.8 & 39.2 & 30.15\\
		\hline
	\end{tabular}}
\end{table}

\subsection{MAI2021 SISR Challenge}
This work is initially proposed for the purpose of participating
in the MAI2021 Single Image Super-Resolution Challenge~\cite{MAI2021}.
We report the preliminary results and our result in Table.~\ref{tab:MAI2021}. Our first submission is the same model without the clip node at the tail of the network, and the results is really bad (less than 20dB). We solve this issue after the deadline and send the corrected model to the organizers. Beneficial from our anchor-based residual learning, our models can outperform other models by a large margin especially for PSNR metric. Also, we can achieve the fastest inference speed.
\begin{table}[h]
	\centering
	\caption{Comparison of our results and official preliminary results on MAI2021 Single Image Super-Resolution track.}
	\smallskip
	\label{tab:MAI2021}
	\resizebox{1.0\linewidth}{!}{
		\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
			\hline
			& PSNR & SSIM & NPU Runtime & Score \\
			\hline
			ABPN (\textbf{Ours}) & \color{red}{29.87} & \color{red}{0.8686} & \color{red}{36.89} & \color{red}{92.72} \\
			\hline
			deepernewbie & 29.58 & 0.86 & 44.85 & 51.02 \\
			\hline
			JeremieG & 29.41 & 0.8537 & 38.32 & 47.18 \\
			\hline
			richlaji & 29.52 & 0.8607 & 62.25 & 33.82 \\
			\hline
			xindongzhang & 28.82 & 0.8428 & 76.61 & 10.41 \\
			\hline
	\end{tabular}}
\end{table}

\subsection{Visual Comparision}
We show visual comparison of our int8 quantized model and int8 quantized FSRCNN in Fig.~\ref{fig:visual}. Our methods can reconstruct more textures and faithfully edges, which demonstrates the superiority of our proposed ABPN.

	\begin{figure*}[!htbp]
		\begin{center}
			\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{}}
                \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{figures/1} \\
                \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{figures/3} \\
			\end{tabular}
		\end{center}
	    \caption{Visual results on Urban100 of int8 model.}
		\label{fig:visual}
	\end{figure*}

\section{Conclusion}
We propose an efficient network called anchor-based plain net (ABPN) for INT8 quantization. The key component is anchor-based residual learning (ABRL), which realize the same functionality of image-space residual learning while being as fast as feature-space residual learning. Our INT8 quantization network can achieve nearly the same performance as original floating-point network.
\clearpage
{\small
\bibliographystyle{ieee_fullname}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
from blockdiag.noderenderer import NodeShape
from blockdiag.noderenderer import install_renderer
from blockdiag.utils import XY

class Note(NodeShape):
    def render_shape(self, drawer, _, **kwargs):
        fill = kwargs.get('fill')

        m = self.metrics.cell(self.node)
        r = self.metrics.cellsize * 2

        tr = m.topright
        note = [m.topleft, XY(tr.x - r, tr.y), XY(tr.x, tr.y + r),
                m.bottomright, m.bottomleft, m.topleft]
        box = self.metrics.cell(self.node).box

        # draw outline
        if kwargs.get('shadow'):
            note = self.shift_shadow(note)
            if kwargs.get('style') == 'blur':
                drawer.polygon(note, fill=fill, outline=fill,
                               filter='transp-blur')
            else:
                drawer.polygon(note, fill=fill, outline=fill)
        elif self.node.background:
            drawer.polygon(note, fill=self.node.color,
                           outline=self.node.color)
            drawer.image(box, self.node.background)
            drawer.polygon(note, fill="none",
                           outline=self.node.linecolor, style=self.node.style)
        else:
            drawer.polygon(note, fill=self.node.color,
                           outline=self.node.linecolor, style=self.node.style)

        # draw folded
        if not kwargs.get('shadow'):
            folded = [XY(tr.x - r, tr.y),
                      XY(tr.x - r, tr.y + r),
                      XY(tr.x, tr.y + r)]
            drawer.line(folded, fill=self.node.linecolor,
                        style=self.node.style)

def setup(self):
    install_renderer('note', Note)


text:
Home Featured Sculpture Doughy Braids and Sliced Fruits Arranged into Sumptuous Pies by Karin Pfeiff-Boschek
Doughy Braids and Sliced Fruits Arranged into Sumptuous Pies by Karin Pfeiff-Boschek
#fruit
#pie
All images © Karin Pfeiff-Boschek, shared with permission
While many people are spending their days starting batches of sourdough, Karin Pfeiff-Boschek has been busy baking sweet pies with mesmerizing arrangements that appear almost too pretty to eat. She tops each pastry with a delicate floral motif of flaky dough, a precisely arranged gradient of sliced fruit, or a checkered weave braided in rows.
The pastry designer tells Colossal that she was raised in a family of bakers, although pies weren't her first form of artistic expression. "As a child, I enjoyed seeing, smelling, and eating the breads and pastries that both of my grandmothers made. Baking was traditional in our family in rural Germany, and when I was a young teenager, I began baking cakes and pastries for my brother and sister," she writes. "I did not become a baker, however, but became interested in fabrics, eventually designing, dyeing, and creating my own works of textile art."
After learning to make pies from her American mother-in-law, Pfeiff-Boschek merged her new culinary skills with her background in design, saying she "began to wonder whether one could decorate them in a manner similar to the way cakes are turned into works of art." Employing her own techniques, Pfeiff-Boschek modified her mother-in-law's original recipe in minor ways and opted for chilling the raw pastry in batches.
I found that by cooling the dough while creating decorations, using a very thin, sharp knife such as a scalpel and working very precisely it was possible to create ornate decorations that held their shape during baking. I make it a priority to also show the baked pie because regardless of how beautiful a pie may look before baking, it never will be served in that state and must look good after it comes out of the oven.
To alter the dough colors, Pfeiff-Boschek adds powders made from freeze-dried berries, spinach, and beetroot. She tends to bake sweet pies with peaches, apples, and other fruits, although occainsly assembles a savory version filled with meat and vegetables. Each creation takes between two and six hours to assemble and adorn. "I love nature, and many of my designs come from time I spend in our garden with our German shepherd dog, Halgrim. I am inspired by trees, leaves, and vines but also by classical geometric patterns and quite mundane articles, such as gully lids," the designer says.
Many of Pfeiff-Boschek's edible artworks have culminated in a book, Elegant Pie, and on her blog by the same name. To see both pre- and post-bake photographs, head to Instagram. You also might like Lauren Ko's vibrant pies and tarts.
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