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Anti-Dismal
A blog on all things to do with economics and related subjects
EconTalk this week
Cat owner David Skarbek of King's College London and author of The Social Order of the Underworld: How Prison Gangs Govern the American Penal System talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about the written and unwritten rules in America's prisons for the most violent and dangerous criminals. Skarbek explains how and why prison gangs emerged in the last half of the 20th century, their influence both inside and outside of prisons, and how their governance structure is maintained.
A direct link to the audio is available here.
Russ Roberts open the conversation by saying,
So, I want to warn listeners this episode of EconTalk may be a lot more disturbing than our usual fare. If you are listening with young children, you may want to preview before you share it with them. This has--I forget what the language is in the movie--I think it's 'thematic,' PG-13 for thematic material, or something like that. So I just wanted to let people know up front that there may be some disturbing images or conversation here.
Posted by Paul Walker at 11:32 pm No comments:
Labels: audio/video
Effect of board quotas on female labour market outcomes in Norway
And the short answer is, not much.
After Norway passed a law, in late 2003, mandating that public limited-liability corporations create boards with no less than 40 percent of each gender represented, the number and quality of women board directors rose and the pay gap vis-a-vis male board members shrank. But 10 years into this experiment, which now is being copied in other countries, there's not much evidence of a trickle-down effect for other women in the workforce,
In their paper Breaking the Glass Ceiling? The Effect of Board Quotas on Female Labor Market Outcomes in Norway authors Marianne Bertrand, Sandra E. Black, Sissel Jensen, and Adriana Lleras-Muney write,
We find no evidence of significant differential improvements for women in the post-reform cohort, either in terms of average earnings or likelihood of filling in a top position in a Norwegian business.
At best, the reform may have increased women's representation in the C-suite - top executive positions in the firm - of targeted firms, a very small group of individuals.
The representation of women does not improve anywhere else in the [targeted] firms' income distribution (top 95th percentile, top 90th percentile, top 75th percentile). We also see no improvements on gender wage gaps among top earners and find no evidence of changing work environments in affected firms.
Additionally, there is no evidence that the rise in female board members inspired younger women to consider business careers or delay child-rearing in order to further careers. In the authors' survey of 763 students at the prestigious Norwegian School of Economics, from which many board members have graduated in the past, fewer than 10 percent of women said the reform encouraged them to get a business degree.
If anything, the share of women obtaining business degrees fell after 2004 (except for 2007).
The authors also note that
[...] we see no apparent reduction in the large gender gap in earnings that emerge in the first few years post graduation.
Now what of the law of unintended consequences?
When faced with the quota, firms could either choose to comply with the law or change their status from public to private. The paper shows that a large number of public limited liability companies changed their status to private after 2003. Of the 563 companies that were ASA - that is, public limited liability companies in Norway - in 2003, only 346 remained ASA by 2005 and only 179 by 2008. Focusing on companies listed on the stock exchange prior to the reform (a strict subset of all ASA firms), it has been shown that the likelihood of delisting anytime between 2003 and 2009 was larger among those with a smaller pre-quota share of women on their board, suggesting that many firms might have delisted to avoid complying with the mandate. Thus the final number of new positions reserved for women was ultimately smaller than expected when the law was passed.
Also, using publicly available data, Matsa and Miller (2013) examine the effect of the quota on accounting performance. Using firms in Sweden as a control group, they show that the change in the board quota law led to a decline in operating profits.
Isn't this the real issue? If having more women on company boards really does lend to reduced profits then you can see why firms may not be too keen on having them.
The paper's abstract reads:
In late 2003, Norway passed a law mandating 40 percent representation of each gender on the board of publicly limited liability companies. The primary objective of this reform was to increase the representation of women in top positions in the corporate sector and decrease gender disparity in earnings within that sector. We document that the newly (post-reform) appointed female board members were observably more qualified than their female predecessors, and that the gender gap in earnings within boards fell substantially. While the reform may have improved the representation of female employees at the very top of the earnings distribution (top 5 highest earners) within firms that were mandated to increase female participation on their board, there is no evidence that these gains at the very top trickled-down. Moreover the reform had no obvious impact on highly qualified women whose qualifications mirror those of board members but who were not appointed to boards. We observe no statistically significant change in the gender wage gaps or in female representation in top positions, although standard errors are large enough that we cannot rule economically meaningful gains. Finally, there is little evidence that the reform affected the decisions of women more generally; it was not accompanied by any change in female enrollment in business education programs, or a convergence in earnings trajectories between recent male and female graduates of such programs. While young women preparing for a career in business report being aware of the reform and expect their earnings and promotion chances to benefit from it, the reform did not affect their fertility and marital plans. Overall, in the short run the reform had very little discernible impact on women in business beyond its direct effect on the newly appointed female board members.
Matsa, David A., and Amalia R. Miller, 2013. "A Female Style in Corporate Leadership? Evidence from Quotas." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(3): 136-69.
Labels: Theory of the firm
Campbell Harvey of Duke University talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about his research evaluating various investment and trading strategies and the challenge of measuring their effectiveness. Topics discussed include skill vs. luck, self-deception, the measures of statistical significance, skewness in investment returns, and the potential of big data.
Posted by Paul Walker at 6:22 am No comments:
Wage inequality and firm growth
At VoxEU.org Holger Mueller, Paige Ouimet and Elena Simintzi look at the relationship between Wage inequality and firm growth. Rising wage inequality has received much attention recently and this column describes new evidence on the determinants of the 'skill premium'.
There are two basic findings:
1) larger firms have grown substantially and
2) skill premia are larger at larger firms.
They therefore conclude that the growth of larger firms could help explain growing wage inequality.
To get to these results first it is necessary to identify the 'skill premium' and know how to measure it. The 'skill premium' is simply the wage difference between high and low skill workers. Defining the skill premium is one thing, measuring it is another.
Existing measures of skill premia, such as education, experience, or even occupations, are not adequate as they do not reflect a one-to-one mapping between job tasks and skill requirements. [...].
In our data, provided by Income Data Services (IDS), we observe how much a firm pays workers employed in different occupations and, crucially, how these occupations map into broader 'job level' categories which are comparable across firms. Since job levels are determined based on the skills required for the job, comparing wages for a worker classified at a high job level to a worker classified at a low job level allows us to more directly measure the skill premium. Moreover, since we have these data for a broad cross-section of firms measured at multiple points in time, we can observe within-firm and across-time patterns in the skill premium.
To provide further detail, consider a cleaner and a finance director. The cleaner corresponds to job level 1, work that "requires basic literacy and numeracy skills and the ability to perform a few straightforward and short-term tasks to instructions under immediate supervision". The finance director corresponds to our highest skill category – job level 9 and involves "very senior executive roles with substantial experience in, and leadership of, a specialist function, including some input to the organisation's overall strategy". We measure skill premium using a ratio of a high-skill to low-skill job, at the same firm, in the same year.
Importantly,
When examining 'top-bottom' wage ratios in our sample (e.g., the wage associated with job level 8 divided by the wage associated with job level 1 within the same firm and year), we find they increase with firm size. A similar, albeit weaker, relationship arises when we look at 'top-middle' wage ratios (e.g. the wage associated with job level 8 divided by the wage associated with job level 4 within the same firm and year). In contrast, 'middle-bottom' wage ratios (e.g. the wage associated with job level 4 divided by the wage associated with job level 1 within the same firm and year) stay flat, or if anything slightly decrease with firm size.
What is interesting is that when low job levels (1 to 5) are compared to one another, an increase in firm size has no effect on within-firm skill premia.
In contrast, when high job levels (6 to 9) are compared to either one another or low job levels, an increase in firm size widens the wage gap between higher and lower skill categories.
The question this give rise to is Why do wages in high-skill job categories increase with firm size but not wages in low- and medium-skill job categories?
We provide two possible explanations.
First, larger firms invest more in automation which allows them to replace labour with technology in certain routine jobs [...].
Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that wages associated with routine jobs decline relative to those associated with non-routine jobs as firms become larger, especially in medium-skill job categories.
Second, larger firms may pay relatively lower entry-level managerial wages in return for providing better career opportunities [...].
Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that managerial wages in low- to medium-skill job categories are relatively lower in larger firms, while those in high-skill job categories are relatively higher in larger firms.
Is there a third factor here? We know that the division of labour is limited by the extent of the market and bigger firms have larger internal labour markets which gives raise to a greater levels of specialisation with some areas of specialisation being more valuable than others. These higher value jobs receive greater remuneration.
The last question is, What do the results say about overall wage inequality?
An increasing skill premium at larger firms will lead to greater wage inequality inside those firms. But how has the size of the median employer changed over the last two decades? US firms with 500 or more employees accounted for 51.5% of all employment in 2011. As such, we measure firm size by focusing on the largest firms and find evidence of strong firm growth among larger firms in practically all of the developed countries in our sample. These results suggest that part of what may be perceived as a global trend toward more wage inequality may be driven by an increase in employment by the largest firms in the economy.
So the upshot of this is that the growth of larger firms in the economy may partially explain the rise in wage inequality seen over the last few decades.
Labels: general, inequality
The eugenic effects of minimum wage laws
I came across a bit of the history of the minimum wage that I didn't know today. A 2005 article by Thomas C. Leonard in the Journal of Economic Perspectives (Vol. 19 No. 4 Fall 2005) discusses Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era. Leonard opens the article by noting,
American economics transformed itself during the Progressive Era. In the three to four decades after 1890, American economics became an expert policy science and academic economists played a leading role in bringing about a vastly more expansive state role in the American economy. By World War I, the U.S. government amended the Constitution to institute a personal income tax, created the Federal Reserve, applied antitrust laws, restricted immigration and began regulation of food and drug safety. State governments, where the reform impulse was stronger still, regulated working conditions, banned child labor, instituted "mothers' pensions," capped working hours and set minimum wages.
Less well known is that a crude eugenic sorting of groups into deserving and undeserving classes crucially informed the labor and immigration reform that is the hallmark of the Progressive Era (Leonard, 2003). Reform-minded economists of the Progressive Era defended exclusionary labor and immigration legislation on grounds that the labor force should be rid of unfit workers, whom they labeled "parasites," "the unemployable," "low-wage races" and the "industrial residuum." Removing the unfit, went the argument, would uplift superior, deserving workers.
He goes on in the article to write about "The eugenic effects of minimum wage laws".
During the second half of the Progressive Era, beginning roughly in 1908, progressive economists and their reform allies achieved many statutory victories, including state laws that regulated working conditions, banned child labor, instituted "mothers' pensions," capped working hours and, the sine qua non, fixed minimum wages. In using eugenics to justify exclusionary immigration legislation, the race-suicide theorists offered a model to economists advocating labor reforms, notably those affiliated with the American Association for Labor Legislation, the organization of academic economists that Orloff and Skocpol (1984, p. 726) call the "leading association of U.S. social reform advocates in the Progressive Era."
Progressive economists, like their neoclassical critics, believed that binding minimum wages would cause job losses. However, the progressive economists also believed that the job loss induced by minimum wages was a social benefit, as it performed the eugenic service ridding the labor force of the "unemployable." Sidney and Beatrice Webb (1897 [1920], p. 785) put it plainly: "With regard to certain sections of the population [the "unemployable"], this unemployment is not a mark of social disease, but actually of social health." "[O]f all ways of dealing with these unfortunate parasites," Sidney Webb (1912, p. 992) opined in the Journal of Political Economy, "the most ruinous to the community is to allow them to unrestrainedly compete as wage earners." A minimum wage was seen to operate eugenically through two channels: by deterring prospective immigrants (Henderson, 1900) and also by removing from employment the "unemployable," who, thus identified, could be, for example, segregated in rural communities or sterilized.
While both progressive economists and their neoclassical critics believed that a minimum wage caused unemployment, it was the neoclassical economists of the time, like Alfred Marshall, Philip Wicksteed, A. C. Pigou in the U.K. and John Bates Clark in the U.S, who regarded the job losses as a social cost of minimum wages, not as a putative social benefit as the progressives saw them.
Leonard continues,
Columbia's Henry Rogers Seager, a leading progressive economist who served as president of the AEA in 1922, provides an example. Worthy wage-earners, Seager (1913a, p. 12) argued, need protection from the "wearing competition of the casual worker and the drifter" and from the other "unemployable" who unfairly drag down the wages of more deserving workers (1913b, pp. 82–83). The minimum wage protects deserving workers from the competition of the unfit by making it illegal to work for less. Seager (1913a, p. 9) wrote: "The operation of the minimum wage requirement would merely extend the definition of defectives to embrace all individuals, who even after having received special training, remain incapable of adequate self-support." Seager (p. 10) made clear what should happen to those who, even after remedial training, could not earn the legal minimum: "If we are to maintain a race that is to be made of up of capable, efficient and independent individuals and family groups we must courageously cut off lines of heredity that have been proved to be undesirable by isolation or sterilization ... ."
The unemployable were thus those workers who earned less than some measure of an adequate standard of living, a standard the British called a "decent maintenance" and Americans referred to as a "living wage." For labor reformers, firms that paid workers less than the living wage to which they were entitled were deemed parasitic, as were the workers who accepted such wages—on grounds that someone (charity, state, other members of the household) would need to make up the difference.
For progressives, a legal minimum wage had the useful property of sorting the unfit, who would lose their jobs, from the deserving workers, who would retain their jobs. Royal Meeker, a Princeton economist who served as Woodrow Wilson's U.S. Commissioner of Labor, opposed a proposal to subsidize the wages of poor workers for this reason. Meeker preferred a wage floor because it would disemploy unfit workers and thereby enable their culling from the work force. "It is much better to enact a minimum-wage law even if it deprives these unfortunates of work," argued Meeker (1910, p. 554). "Better that the state should support the inefficient wholly and prevent the multiplication of the breed than subsidize incompetence and unthrift, enabling them to bring forth more of their kind." A. B. Wolfe (1917, p. 278), an American progressive economist who would later become president of the AEA in 1943, also argued for the eugenic virtues of removing from employment those who "are a burden on society."
Frank Taussig, one of the leading economists of the time, asked the question "how to deal with the unemployable?" in his book Principles of Economics (Taussig 1921, pp. 332–333)
Taussig identified two classes of unemployable worker, distinguishing the aged, infirm and disabled from the "feebleminded . . . those saturated with alcohol or tainted with hereditary disease . . . [and] the irretrievable criminals and tramps. . . ." The latter class, Taussig proposed, "should simply be stamped out." "We have not reached the stage," Taussig allowed, "where we can proceed to chloroform them once and for all; but at least they can be segregated, shut up in refuges and asylums, and prevented from propagating their kind."
The idea held by progressive economists that the unemployable could not earn a living wage was bound up with the progressive view of wage determination.
Unlike the economists who pioneered the still-novel marginal productivity theory, most progressives agreed that wages should be determined by the amount that was necessary to provide a reasonable standard of living, not by productivity, and that the cost of this entitlement should fall on firms.
But how should a living wage be determined? Were workers with more dependents, and thus higher living expenses, thereby entitled to higher wages? Arguing that wages should be a matter of an appropriate standard of living opened the door, in this era of eugenics, to theories of wage determination that were grounded in biology, in particular to the idea that "low-wage races" were biologically predisposed to low wages, or "under-living." 7 Edward A. Ross (1936, p. 70), the proponent of race-suicide theory, argued that "the Coolie cannot outdo the American, but he can underlive him." "Native" workers have higher productivity, claimed Ross, but because Chinese immigrants are racially disposed to work for lower wages, they displace the native workers.
John R. Commons, one of the leading (old) institutional economists (the new institutional economics follows from the work of Ronald Coase) argued that wage competition not only lowers wages, it also selects for the unfit races.
"The competition has no respect for the superior races," said Commons (1907, p. 151), "the race with lowest necessities displaces others." Because race rather than productivity determined living standards, Commons could populate his low-wage-races category with the industrious and lazy alike. African Americans were, for Commons (p. 136), "indolent and fickle," which explained why, Commons argued, slavery was required: "The negro could not possibly have found a place in American industry had he come as a free man . . . [I]f such races are to adopt that industrious life which is second nature to races of the temperate zones, it is only through some form of compulsion." Similarly, Wharton School reformer Scott Nearing (1915, p. 22), volunteered that if "an employer has a Scotchman working for him at $3 a day [and] an equally efficient Lithuanian offers to the same work for $2 . . . the work is given to the low bidder."
Leonard continues by looking at the reaction of the progressives to the situation in other countries,
When U.S. labor reformers reported on labor legislation in countries more precocious with respect to labor reform, they favorably commented on the eugenic efficacy of minimum wages in excluding the "low-wage races" from work. Harvard's Arthur Holcombe (1912, p. 21), a member of the Massachusetts Minimum Wage Commission, referred approvingly to the intent of Australia's minimum wage law to "protect the white Australian's standard of living from the invidious competition of the colored races, particularly of the Chinese." Florence Kelley (1911, p. 304), perhaps the most influential U.S. labor reformer of the day, also endorsed the Australian minimum-wage law as "redeeming the sweated trades" by preventing the "unbridled competition" of the unemployable, the "women, children, and Chinese [who] were reducing all the employees to starvation . . ."
For these progressives, race determined the standard of living, and the standard of living determined the wage. Thus were immigration restriction and labor legislation, especially minimum wages, justified for their eugenic effects. Invidious distinction, whether founded on the putatively greater fertility of the unfit, or upon their putatively greater predisposition to low wages, lay at the heart of the reforms we today see as the hallmark of the Progressive Era.
As an aside, Austria wasn't the only place down-under which tried to protect the white workers standard of living against competition from the Chinese. New Zealand however used a taxes rather than labour regulation. The 1881 Chinese Immigrants Act has imposed a 10 pound poll tax on Chinese immigrants. There were also steep custom duties on opium.
So the history of the minimum wage isn't, unfortunately, just about making the worst-off better-off.
Posted by Paul Walker at 9:18 pm 1 comment:
Labels: minimum wage
Paul Romer of New York University talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about reforming cities to allow growth and human flourishing. Topics discussed include charter cities, the role of population density in city life, driverless cars, and various ways to help the poorest people in the world.
Short-term, long-term, and continuing contracts
The reference point approach to incomplete contracts as developed by Hart and Moore (2008) has in the last few years been applied to an increasing number of issues to do with contracts and related areas. According to this approach one role of a contract is to get parties "on the same page", so as to avoid future misunderstanding. Misunderstanding leads to "aggrievement" and "shading" (in the form of departures from consummate (or welfare-maximising) performance), and consequent deadweight losses. For examples of a couple of areas to which the reference point approach has been applied see Walker (2013) for a survey of the application of the reference point approach to the theory of the firm and Halonen-Akatwijuka and Hart (2013) which looks at why parties may intentionally write incomplete contracts.
Now Halonen-Akatwijuka and Hart have a new NBER working paper out on Short-term, Long-term, and Continuing Contracts, NBER Working Paper No. 21005, issued in March 2015. The basic idea being that there are 3 forms of contract that we can write: short-term (a one period contract) long-term (a multi-period contract) and continuing (a contract that is normally rolled over each period). There is a growing literature on why parties write long-term contracts. A leading explanation is that such contracts are useful to support specific investments, and there is much empirical support for this. As to why parties write short-term contracts, that is, contracts that are shorter than the likely term of their relationship a commonly seen answer is that it is costly for the parties to anticipate the contingencies that will arise during the latter part of their relationship and to write down unambiguously how to deal with them. The disadvantage of the long-term contract is that costly renegotiation may be necessary if there are no gains from trade in some future period covered by the contract. A short-term contract is disadvantaged because a new contract needs to be negotiated for each future period in which there are gains from trade.
A continuing contract - that is, a contract which is neither long-term nor short-term but usually rolled over each period - can be better than both these other types of contract. Examples of such contracts would be rental contracts where the lease is typically renewed; month to month rental contracts with no lease; employment contracts where each party can (under some conditions) terminate the relationship, but where they usually do not – most of the time business continues "as usual". In a continuing contract there is no obligation to trade in a future period but if there are gains from trade the parties will bargain "in good faith" using the first period contract as a reference point. This has the advantage that it can reduce the cost of negotiating the next contract.
Unfortunately such contracts also have a down side in that good faith bargaining may preclude the use of outside options in the bargaining process and as a result parties will sometimes fail to trade when this is efficient. So no one contract type is superior in all situations.
Refs.:
Halonen-Akatwijuka, Maiji and Oliver D. Hart (2013). `More is Less: Why Parties May Deliberately Writes Incomplete Contracts', National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Papers No. 19001, April.
Hart, Oliver D. and John Moore (2008). `Contracts as Reference Points', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(1) February: 1-48.
Walker, Paul (2013). `The `Reference Point' Approach to the Theory of the Firm: An Introduction', Journal of Economic Surveys, 27(4) September: 670-95.
Labels: contracts
EconTalk for two weeks
David Zetland of Leiden University College in the Netherlands and author of Living with Water Scarcity talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about the challenges of water management. Issues covered include the sustainability of water supplies, the affordability of water for the poor, the incentives water companies face, and the management of water systems in the poorest countries. Also discussed are the diamond and water paradox, campaigns to reduce water usage, and the role of prices in managing a water system.
Lawrence H. White of George Mason University talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about the possibility of a monetary constitution. Based on a new book, Renewing the Search for a Monetary Constitution, White explores different constitutional constraints that might be put on the government's role in money and monetary policy. Topics discussed include cryptocurrencies, the gold standard, the Taylor Rule, the performance of the Fed, free banking, and private currency.
Posted by Paul Walker at 8:11 pm No comments:
Contracts, entrepreneurs, market creation and judgement: the contemporary mainstream theory of the firm in perspective
A great new paper is out in the Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2015, pp. 317–338 on Contracts, entrepreneurs, market creation and judgement: the contemporary mainstream theory of the firm in perspective.
The paper surveys the contemporary mainstream theory of the firm. Contemporary meaning post-1970 while the mainstream "[...] consists of the ideas that are held by those individuals who are dominant in the leading academic institutions, organisations and journals at any given time, especially the leading graduate research institutions. Mainstream economics consists of the ideas that the elite in the profession finds acceptable, where by elite we mean the leading economists in the top graduate schools. It is not a term describing a historically determined school, but is instead a term describing the beliefs that are seen by the top schools and institutions in the profession as intellectually sound and worth working on".
As far as the theory is concerned, two general groupings of theories are briefly discussed: principal–agent models and incomplete contract models. Each of these general groups can be subdivided to give an elementary organisational structure for the contemporary theory of the firm. The principal agent groups contains three sub-groups: 1) the nexus of contracts view, 2) the firm as a solution to moral hazard in teams approach and 3) the firms as an incentive system view, while the incomplete contracts group contains five subgroups: 1) the authority view, 2) the firm as a governance mechanism, 3) the firm as an ownership unit, 4) implicit contracts and 5) the firm as a communication-hierarchy. Then, three of the most recent contributions regarding firms are considered. The reference point approach is looked at first followed by a discussion of Spulber's book The Theory of the Firm. Last, the "entrepreneurial judgement" perspective of Foss and Klein is considered.
A wonderful little paper. Not that I'm biased or anything.
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General Debate 01 February 2023
In a postmodern generation that believes truth can be mine or yours, telling the truth and restating old wisdoms can be a revolutionary act.
Signs of encroaching mental GPT-dom
Donating blood while gay
Modeled Behavior
Data Driven Parenting
A philosopher's political spectrum...
Contrasting Banks
Pro-Market
How to Ensure Industrial Policy Promotes Public Over Private Gain
Streetwise Professor
Tanks Anyways
Cargo cult economics
The Dismal Science – Sciblogs
The Enlightened Economist
Books at a conference
The Grumpy Economist
A fiscal theory fest at AEI, launch podcast, and official release.
The Sand Pit | The New Zealand Initiative's Blog
The value of value-added in schools
The Undercover Historian
Economists facing nature, histories and contexts: a syllabus
"Old Chicago" and the Freiburg School
Signed copies of The Truth Detective
Biweekly FTC Roundup: A Guide for the Perplexed Edition
TVHE
Compulsory income insurance submissions
Utopia - you are standing in it!
Palestine, Poverty, and Neoliberalism
VoxEU.org
The US Treasury's missed opportunity


Just got in from checking the mail, and on my doorstep was a small, square plastic package. Yep. My "Save the Big Three" t-shirt. Now, I ordered it the first day they were available, so you can understand that if you haven't gotten yours yet, it's on its way. And I have to say, it's worth the wait.
The shirt itself seems heavy-duty enough. But that's not the best part. Usually, when shirts like this come in, the lettering is pressed onto the shirt. So when it goes through the wash, eventually the letters wash off. Ah ha, not with these puppies. It appears as though the lettering is dyed right into the shirt. So yeah, it'll fade in time, but putting it through the wash isn't going to result in the text falling off or anything.
I wear somewhere between a medium and a large. I ordered a large, and it fits perfectly. So if you were hesitating because you didn't know what kind of quality you're getting, you can go ahead and order one. Out of the box, it gets my seal of approval.
So order yours today. I'm wearing mine to the bar tonight.


When summer arrives, Lake Erie kayaking adventures are the best way to explore Northeast Ohio. Whether you're a seasoned athlete or beginner, Geneva-on-the-Lake has a kayaking experience for every level of paddler. Read on to learn about the area's top places for water sport rentals and paddling tours. Afterward, find more ways to continue your Lake Erie adventure in our free Geneva-on-the-Lake Vacation Guide. Our guide has helped so many people plan the perfect beach getaway! Get yours for recommendations on wineries, restaurants, parks, and more.
Best Coast Water Sports is a premier destination for kayaking on Lake Erie. Jet ski rentals and stand up paddle boarding rentals are also available! Your adventure begins at Geneva Marina, where you'll enjoy easy access to Lake Erie's central basin. Best Coast Water Sports opens Memorial Day weekend through late summer. Walk-ups are not accepted at the marina, so remember to make your reservation in advance.
For the ultimate beach day, make your way to North Coast Outpost. This unique water sports outfitter is on the beautiful shores of Lake Erie at Geneva State Park. Kayak, traditional stand-up paddle boards, and multi-rider boards are available for rent. Make the most of your trip by booking the sunset paddle! If you'd like to save a bit of money, mid-week specials are an excellent option.
No list of Lake Erie kayaking is complete without Harbor Yak. Here, you'll find kayak, paddleboard, and canoe rentals with tours on Lake Erie and the Ashtabula River. For those who prefer an easier ride, we recommend the Ashtabula River trip. The river currents are gentle, making it the perfect place to paddle at your own pace.
Raccoon Run offers one of the most unique kayaking and canoeing experiences in Northeast Ohio. Although they don't operate on Lake Erie, their trips deserve honorable mention. Participants meet at the Harpersfield Covered Bridge Park, where five different river trips are available. The Gorge Selection is their most popular trip. During this river adventure, you can look forward to exploring steep cliffs, wooded shorelines, and viewing some of the state's most beautiful wildlife, like the bald eagle!
After a day of kayaking on Lake Erie, head home to The Lakehouse Inn Resort for the ultimate getaway. Unwind for the evening with wine tasting in our Great Room and a farm-to-table dinner at our restaurant, Crosswinds Grille. Afterward, rest your head in one of our Lake Erie cottages, located only 100 yards from the waterfront. Each of our cottages features two bedrooms, a full kitchen, a small living room with cable television, and a shared outdoor patio. Complimentary breakfast is always included with your stay. If you are ready to plan your next beach getaway, check our availability and book your stay. We can't wait to host you at The Lakehouse Inn Resort!
For more help with planning your Lake Erie vacation, remember to download your free vacation guide.


It is important that you use stable and safe links when linking to for instance an e-article or an e-book. Links to licensed material must work both within and outside campus. Depending on what you are linking to, the URL that is visible in the address field can be used. Below, you can find more information about linking to our catalogues and databases.
When you have found a book or journal in LUBcat, use the link that has been generated in the address field.
Links to individual books, articles or databases.
Find the title and open the item record.
Click on Permalink in the right-hand menu.
Copy and use the link that appears above the title.
Find the database in Databases A-Z and click on the i-button to the right of the title.
Right-click on the title of the database and select Copy Link Location.
Paste the copied link to a location of your choice.
If you have a link to an e-book, e-article or database, that you have found elsewhere (not via LUBcat or LUBsearch), you need to add a string to the URL in order to make it accessible to everyone who has a LUCAT or a Student Account (within and outside campus).
Add the following: http://ludwig.lub.lu.se/login?url= just before the URL.
Please note that if you link to an Open Access resource, do not add the above Ludwig-string, since it will result in the link not working at all.
Find books, articles, journals and databases here.
Search in our library catalogue.


text:
from __future__ import print_function

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *

DEBUG = False

class OpenGLTriangle(object):
	"""OpenGL三角形。"""

	def __init__(self, vertex1, vertex2, vertex3):
		"""OpenGL三角形のコンストラクタ。"""
		if DEBUG: print(__name__), self.__init__.__doc__

		self._vertex1 = vertex1
		self._vertex2 = vertex2
		self._vertex3 = vertex3

		ux, uy, uz = map((lambda value1, value0: value1 - value0), vertex2, vertex1)
		vx, vy, vz = map((lambda value1, value0: value1 - value0), vertex3, vertex1)
		normal_vector = [(uy * vz - uz * vy), (uz * vx - ux * vz), (ux * vy - uy * vx)]
		distance = sum(map((lambda value: value * value), normal_vector)) ** 0.5
		self._normal_unit_vector = map((lambda vector: vector / distance), normal_vector)

		return

	def rendering(self):
		"""OpenGL三角形をレンダリングする。"""
		if DEBUG: print(__name__), self.rendering.__doc__

		glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES)
		glNormal3fv(self._normal_unit_vector)
		glVertex3fv(self._vertex1)
		glVertex3fv(self._vertex2)
		glVertex3fv(self._vertex3)
		glEnd()

		return

	@classmethod
	def unit_test(a_class):
		"""
		このクラスおよびサブクラスの単体テストのためのプログラムです。
		"""
		# print(__file__)
		a_name = a_class.__name__

		# print('\n*** Unit Test:{0} ***'.format(a_name))

		return

# end of file

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: print screen using angular5 unable to get values in it Here Im trying to get the values in the print screen, but Im getting the empty values which I have attached below screenshot . All I want to get values in the print screen, Or is any modules for it
this is my component.ts file
  printDiv() {
    const divContents = document.getElementById('dvContents').innerHTML;
    const printWindow = window.open('', '');
    printWindow.document.write('<title>Process Compensation Report</title>');
    printWindow.document.write('');
    printWindow.document.write(divContents);
    printWindow.document.write('');
    printWindow.document.close();
    printWindow.print();
  }

here html files

                    Name

                    <input type="text" [(ngModel)]="name" > **// this is not printing**

                    <button class="btn btn-gradient-txt" type="button" (click)="archiveButt();">

                             Archive
                    </button>

here the screenshot of the pic, here Im getting the print but with empty input box. ScreenShot

A: The problem isn't (directly) angular. The problem is that you are reading the innerHtml which will only provide you the information the innerHtml can give - those being the values of the attributes defined on the tags.
Let me explain. Suppose you have the following html (forget about angular for now):
<input type="text" value="42" >

This is an input filed, type "text". On it we have applied an attribute.
value="42"

Now, you assumed that changing the value of the input field would change the value of the attribute - perhaps you though they were the same. This is a common error: actually, the (value) property of the object (the element node) is one thing and the (value) attribute is another. They are obviously related, but not the same.
Maybe an example can make this clearer:
element.value = "42"

This would set the "value" property of the element to "42". The attribute value is not affected.  The following instead would set the value of the attribute to "42"
element.setAttribute("value", "42")

Now, most browsers will probably detect a change in the value attribute on the DOM and change the value property on the actual element accordingly, but they are still separate identities.

Taken from Angular - HTML attribute vs. DOM property:
For example, when the browser renders <input type="text" value="Bob">, it creates a corresponding DOM node with a value property initialized to "Bob".
When the user enters "Sally" into the input box, the DOM element value property becomes "Sally". But the HTML value attribute remains unchanged as you discover if you ask the input element about that attribute: input.getAttribute('value') returns "Bob".

As a proof, please consider the following sample - which doesn't even use angular:

function showInnerHtml() {
  console.log(document.getElementById('questionField').innerHTML);
}

  <input id="questionField" type="text" value="420">
  <button type="button" onClick="showInnerHtml()">Button</button>

Try and change the value in the input field, then press the button. You will see that the value on the attribute does not reflect your change - only the property does.
So, what you are trying to do is not possible by itself.
That said, if you really have to, there is a possible (unwarranted to work on every browser) workaround.
Angular can use a special [attr.name] syntax to bind to an attribute value. That means that you can actually create a binding to the HTML attribute value property.
Please, refer to this stackblitz for a quick POC of this, and feel free to ask for more clarifications if needed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Our aptly named Allure series Necklace features a single sparkling baguette crystal atop a round snap, both of which are surrounded by and eye-catching antiqued rope frame. Add any one of our interchangeable 12mm Dots for a customized look.
Most days I need to dress for a variety of situations. This beautiful Allure necklace, in the original Dot size, is perfect to set my outfit for both casual and elegant. I love it with the new Sparkle Dots. You can choose Dots in so many colors and they all look spectacular in this Allure necklace.
Love this necklace. Its casual and dress up bling all in one without being too loud.
This is my favorite necklace for the standard sized Dots. And, I get loads of reviews every time I wear it! It is gorgeous with any Dot. Super elegant and looks very expensive.
I have the Allure necklace and I absolutely love it. I think the baguette crystal really sets it off with any Dot that you put in it.
This necklace is classic and simple. I do have to add an extender because I like a little longer chain.
My favorite necklace, goes well with everything. Dress up, dress down. My fav feature is the rope look around the foundation.
I love my Allure necklace! It is so versatile, small enough to be worn casually yet elegant enough to be worn with evening or formal wear!
I have the Allure necklace and love it! It's perfect for any and all occasions.. This is a great necklace to start off with if you are new to Style Dots!
This allure necklace is perfect for a casual day wear with an Original Dot OR you can dress it up with a Couture Dot. I LOVE the little crystal baguette also. It adds just a little something extra that makes this piece one of my favorites.
Simple yet elegant!! I get so many compliments when wearing this!! Not to big not to small! Just right for that Jean & Jewelry moment!
This necklace looks so beautiful with the Black Deco Dot! The last time I wore it to a party everyone wanted it!


You are in England , York to be specific.
You are a photo-journalist working for a major newspaper, and you're caught in the middle of this epic disaster. The situation is nearly hopeless. You're trying to shoot career-making photos. There are houses and people swirling around you, some disappearing into the water.
Suddenly, you see a man in the water. He is fighting for his life, trying not to be taken down with the debris.
You move closer... Somehow, the man looks familiar... You suddenly realize who it is... It's Gordon Brown!
You can save the life of Gordon Brown or you can shoot a dramatic Pulitzer Prize winning photo, documenting the death of one of the country's most powerful men!


text:
Interesting ruling in Cohabitee Property claim
The Dispute Resolution team at Smith Partnership followed a recent probate appeal decision with interest, as further guidance has been given on the maintenance claims by cohabitee upon the death of an unmarried partner.
Jak Ward, an Associate in Dispute Resolution team at Smith Partnership spoke about the case: "The recent decision in Lewis v Warner [July 2016] has developed our understanding of claims for maintenance under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975.
"The elderly unmarried couple had straight forward Wills and plans in place upon their deaths however a judge had to rule on whether Mr Warner was allowed maintenance following the death of his partner Mrs Blackwell, which would allow him to stay in their home until his death. Mrs Blackwell's daughter was left all her mother's estate in her Will which was not disputed, however the welfare of Mr Warner had to be taken into consideration.
"The case gave us guidance on claimants that do not expect to receive anything from a loved one's estate, as well as reinforcing the point that judges have complete and unfettered discretion when determining cases for reasonable provision under the 1975 Act."
The Case Background
Mr Warner (91 years) had cohabited with Mrs Blackwell at her home, Green Avon, in Twyning Green, Gloucestershire, since 1995. They were not married. It was anticipated by the two of them that Mr Warner would die first. In fact, he did not; Mrs Blackwell died first, in May 2014.
Mrs Blackwell had made a Will, which left her entire estate to her daughter, Mrs Lewis. Mrs Blackwell was not married, and had just one daughter, Mrs Lewis. Accordingly, the entire estate passed to Mrs Lewis by default.
Mr Warner did not expect anything from the estate, and Mrs Lewis (together with her husband) had obtained a signed declaration from him confirming that before Mrs Blackwell's death. Mr Warner was also a man of means; he was much better-off than Mrs Blackwell, and had significant savings.
However, following Mrs Blackwell's death Mr Warner wanted to stay in the property, as he had lived there with Mrs Blackwell for 20 years. He very much liked the property; its location; the neighbours; he had also contributed to the property's maintenance and had made improvements to it.
Following Mrs Blackwell's death, there were some discussions between Mr Warner and Mrs Lewis as to his purchase of the property, but Mrs Lewis' high value of the property deterred Mr Warner from agreeing.
Property Possession Issue for owner
In January 2015, Mrs Lewis decided to issue proceedings against Mr Warner for possession, based upon trespass, together with a claim for occupation rent. Mr Warner counterclaimed under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975.
His case was that, under Section 1(1) (e) of the 1975 Act, he was being "maintained" by Mrs Blackwell immediately prior to her death.
The 1975 Act is relatively unhelpful to cases of this type. Reasonable financial provision is defined as "such financial provision as it would be reasonable in all the circumstances of the case for the applicant to receive for his maintenance". "Maintenance" itself has also been undefined.
Mr Recorder Gardner QC, sitting at the County Court at Gloucester and Cheltenham, heard the case. In part of his Judgment, he stated that he could not see why "maintenance" (within the meaning of the Act) did not, or could not, include putting "a roof over the head of the applicant".
He ruled that Mrs Blackwell's Will failed to make reasonable provision for him. Therefore, he ordered the Green Avon property to be transferred to Mr Warner for the price of £385,000 (Mrs Lewis' surveyor's value).
Unsurprisingly, Mrs Lewis appealed the decision. The appeal was heard before Mr Justice Newey at the Bristol District Registry of the High Court, Chancery Division, in July 2016. Mrs Lewis appealed on three grounds, all of which were geared around an incorrect application of the principles of maintenance.
Mr Justice Newey took the opportunity of reminding the parties that Mr Recorder Gardner QC had made: "A qualitative decision, or what is sometimes called a 'value judgment' [which is] particularly difficult to disturb on appeal, unless the judge of first instance has clearly proceeded on some error of principle."
In essence, Mr Recorder Gardner QC had a wide and varied discretion to make an Order for relief that he saw fit, having heard the evidence and considered the facts on the day. A different Judge on a different day may have reached a different conclusion, but that did not make the decision in this case wrong.
Jak Ward, concluded: "The upshot of this case is that all cohabitees, regardless of their means, should be allowed to make claims under the 1975 Act. Though Mr Warner had no expectation of claiming against the estate, this did not ultimately bar him from doing so.
"The Court's powers in these types of claims are wide and varied, but aim to provide a fair ruling for all parties. This case should serve as a timely reminder of that. The Court can be creative, so parties to litigation should be prepared to be creative too to protect their clients!"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


From the moment paper was invented, there was a need for paperweights.
Many objects were used to weigh flyaway papers down.
Obviously, rocks, bricks, and tree branches didn't work.
So glass paperweights were created.
Some of the earliest paperweights were made in Venice in the 1840s.
The Bohemians improved upon the techniques of the Venetians, and also incorporated the aristry of the French, who really brought the art of the paperweight into full flower.
Baccarat is unquestionably the most famous and renowned paperweight producer.
Other paperweight manufacturers included New England Glass Company, Tiffany, Ysart Brothers, Vasart, and Strathearn.
No matter who created the beautiful works of art, each paperweight brings its own magic into the world.
and other places across the Internet.
‹ PreviousIt's That Time. Again.
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Aren't they? So unique and clear. I would love to see one in a window nook somewhere.


text:
Brazos Valley Energy, LLC, Freeport Energy Center, LLC, and Freestone Power Generation, LLC
The Supreme Court of Texas issued an opinion on May 3, 2019, in Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, et al., v Brazos Valley Energy, LLC, et al., Case No. 18-0128, affirming a court of appeals decision in favor of Locke Lord clients Brazos Valley Energy, LLC, Freeport Energy Center, LLC, and Freestone Power Generation, LLC, all affiliates of Calpine Corporation, in an appeal about whether the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) has discretion to deny a pollution control tax exemption for certain equipment that reduces air emissions at the facilities. Brazos Valley, Freeport, and Freestone were represented by Elizabeth Mack, Geoff Polma (both of Dallas) and Susan Kidwell (Austin). In 2008, the TCEQ had determined that the equipment was pollution control property and entitled to the tax exemption, but in 2012, the TCEQ revoked the exemption. After a successful challenge to the TCEQ Commissioners, who ordered the TCEQ to obtain additional information and reconsider its decision, the TCEQ continued to deny the pollution control tax exemption, a decision that the Commissioners upheld. Following an unsuccessful appeal to the district court, the Austin Court of Appeals reversed the TCEQ's decision as an abuse of discretion, but in a related case, the El Paso Court of Appeals ruled the opposite. Affirming the Austin Court of Appeals and reversing the El Paso Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court of Texas held that the equipment is pollution control property and entitled to a tax exemption. The cases will return to the TCEQ for determination of the amount of tax exemption.
Locke Lord began representing Brazos Valley, Freeport, and Freestone in 2012 and has led them through a TCEQ administrative appeal process (presented by Elizabeth Mack), the Travis County District Court, the Third Court of Appeals at Austin and finally to the Supreme Court of Texas. Susan Kidwell presented the oral argument in the Texas courts, including the Supreme Court of Texas.
Acteon Group Ltd.
Quick Connectors, Inc.
Elizabeth E. Mack
Geoffrey Polma
Susan Kidwell


text:
2MATCH URL: https://assets.rappler.com/AD2ED63DEDF345B0BF9D0423E10AB7A4/img/3FCDF3408A7E445D85029CD4966EEAD4/Lydia-de-Vega-and-Paeng-Nepomuceno-October-12-2018.jpg
Lydia De Vega, Paeng Nepomuceno lead Hall of Fame class
Asia's sprint queen and the four-time World Cup bowling champion banner the 10 Filipino sporting legends who will be enshrined in the Philippine Sports Hall of Fame
ICONS. There's no question that Lydia De Vega-Mercado and Paeng Nepomuceno are among the all-time best in Philippine sports.
MANILA, Philippines – Asia's sprint queen Lydia De Vega-Mercado and four-time World Cup bowling champion Rafael "Paeng" Nepomuceno lead the third batch of Filipino sporting legends who will be inducted in the Philippine Sports Hall of Fame this year.
Joining De Vega and Nepomuceno are former Asian Golf Circuit winner Ben Arda, basketball legends Sen. Ambrosio Padilla and Loreto Carbonell, baseball and softball standout Filomeno Codiñera Jr, decorated keglers Olivia "Bong" Coo and Lita dela Rosa, boxing flyweight champion Erbito Salavarria and Asian Games gold medalist Josephine dela Viña from athletics.
The induction ceremony for the third batch of Hall of Famers is set on November 22, 6 pm at the Philippine International Convention Center.
"It is with pride that I announce the 10 newest members of the Philippine Sports Hall of Fame," said Philippine Sports Commission Chairman William Ramirez during a press conference on Friday, October 12, at the PSC Admin Bldg., Rizal Memorial Sports Complex.
De Vega-Mercado, once dubbed as Asia's fastest woman, is a two-time Asian Games gold medalist and Olympian who still holds the best record in the 100m dash (11.28 seconds) in the Southeast Asian Games.
Nepomuceno, who holds the record as the youngest World Cup champion at 19 years old, is the only bowler to win world titles in 3 different decades (1976, 1980, 1992 and 1996). He also ruled the World's Invitational Tournament in 1984 and the World Tenpin Masters championship in 1999.
"The elected Hall of Famers will receive an incentive worth P100,000 and a trophy to commemorate their enshrinement," said PSC Commissioner Celia Kiram.
Ramirez, who headed the selection and screening committee, made the announcement together with Philippine Olympic Committee representative Ed Picson, Games and Amusements Board representative Dioscoro Bautista, Jr., Philippine Olympian Association president Akiko Thomson-Guevara, NSA representative Bernie Atienza and media representative Dodo Catacutan, president of the Philippine Sportswriters Association, moments after the second round of final voting of the nominees.
"The Review Committee shortlisted 16 names from the nominated 37 athletes and coaches by individuals and sports organizations after a three-month nomination period nationwide, based on the requirements of R.A. 8757," said Thomson-Guevara.
"The committee discussed and voted for 10 nominees to form the third batch of Hall of Fame awardees based on their contributions to Philippine sports guided by the criteria set by the law." – Rappler.com
Filed under:Ambrosio Padilla•Ben Arda•Bong Coo•Erbito Salavarria•Filomeno Codiñera Jr.•Josephine dela Viña•Lita dela Rosa•Loreto Carbonell•Lydia De Vega•Olivia Coo•Paeng Nepomuceno•Philippine Sports Commission•Philippine Sports Hall of Fame•Rafael Nepomuceno•Lydia De Vega-Mercado


text:
No network connection
Vidya Balan starts shoot for the NTR biopic
Bollywood by Analita Seth | Sep 1, 2018
Biopics are the flavour of the season and the newest big addition to the list is the much talked about NTR biopic. Based on the life of the legendary actor and former chief minister, the film stars Balakrishna in the lead role while actress Vidya Balan is making her Telugu film debut, playing NTR's wife.
Vidya and Balakrishna have started shoot for the film in Hyderabad and are currently shooting pivotal scenes in a very special location. The two have reportedly shot several scenes in an apartment in Hyderabad where NTR used to live during his transition from films to politics. The two will be shooting more parts of the film there in the future.
Apart from Vidya and Balakrishna, the film also stars Rana Daggubati who will be playing NTR's son-in-law and the current CM of Andhra Pradesh, Nara Chandrababu Naidu. The film also stars Jishu Sengupta, Prakash Jha and veteran actor Kaikala Satyanarayan in pivotal roles.
More on: Vidya BalanNTR Sr.Biopic
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text:
31May/120
We Need to Talk About Kevin (2012)
Though it was given a wide release in 2012, We Need to Talk About Kevin is another one of the seemingly inexhaustible 2011 films about the coming Armageddon. We've seen Americana, the working class, and even the whole planet get destroyed in the last year. This go-around paints the family unit as something which is on the verge of total implosion. The problem is the difficulties this family faces are so unique to their seemingly demon-infested son that it's hard to feel much of anything once the curtains go up.
Emptiness, yes, but it didn't really come with it a sense of empathy or sadness around the events of the film. Since We Need to Talk About Kevin mines school shootings for the brunt of its emotional arc my lack of emotion shouldn't really have occurred. Those events are so pointless and tragic that I understand how a lot of art fails to really capture the feeling of helplessness which comes around the deaths of so many young ones. The real sadness here is that the film comes so close to understanding the pain of going on from the perspective of the assailant's family, but then gets bogged down in explaining itself.
The first hour of the film is amazing in its ability to completely dislodge our normal sense of perception. Space and time mean nothing to Eva (Tilda Swinton), the scream of a young child could bring her back to a memory of sitting by the side of the road or partaking in a hellish orgy. That orgy, the second thing we see in the film after some table setting against soft, billowy curtains, recalls Woodstock '99 and the kind of danger Eva seems to enjoy. From that point on there is little sense of control over audio or video with the only anchoring point coming from what appear to be present day scenes of Eva trying to get a job and clean paint off of her home.
Unfortunately the effectiveness of this narrative dislodging, which is effectively in the Gaspar Noe school of nauseating direction, shines some light onto its weaknesses as a visual narrative at this point. The nightmare that is Eva's life will continue on in images which provide effective, if unnecessary, clues on to what happened to this community and to Eva. But it comes with it an over reliance on the color red, a motif recurring so often I have to wonder if the budget came with it an abundance of red paint.
A touch might have been effective, but the film drowns it's warning signs in red. Red paint is splattered over the home, ketchup is drenched over all the food, Eva stands in front of a display of tomato soup, and in one queasily effective moment when teenage Kevin (Ezra Miller) puts far too much raspberry jam on a sandwich. But for every effective moment of disgust there are another four or five scenes to remind us, yes, this woman feels as though she has thoroughly stained her life. The repetition continues on with the three different moments Eva washes blood off of her hands. I don't mind the bluntness, but nothing is done to creatively spice up the many moments of guilt.
That symbolic bluntness goes into the narrative as well. Eva's private tortures and perpetual nightmare give way, at about the half-way mark, to a standard narrative explaining why Kevin is the monster he is. This is where the film completely failed for me. Up until that point I was with the disconnected scenes and imagery, heavy handed though it was, but Kevin is such an unrepentant monster that the reality brought by the guilty disconnection is completely squashed. For instance, in a scene packed with grim portent, his little sister is playing with a little hamster and it takes all of two minutes of screen-time to lead the cute thing to it's logical housed with a psychopath conclusion.
Eva's development is handled considerably better and responds to the torment of her demonic son in a poor way. She breaks his arm after he defecates his diaper as a show of defiance when he is six. Kevin's action stretches credulity as he is little more than a young monster, but she shows a realistic response in not quite molding but sharpening the danger he already was. It also doesn't hurt that Eva is played perfectly by Swinton, who is head and shoulders the best actress working today. Swinton plays each moment with the perfect mix of shame, anger, and a reluctant love. The actors playing Kevin (Miller as a teenager, Jasper Newell as a child, and Rocky Duer as an infant) are also superb if one-dimensional, keeping in-line with the way Kevin is written.
This is a film which excels in sensation, putting us into Eva's head and identifying wrong behavior by simply showing a teenager eating food in dribbling close-up. But when it comes to explaining Kevin away, it lacks. I admire that director Lynne Ramsay and co-screenwriter Rory Stewart Kinnear tried, but they should have stuck the realm of the senses. The literal reality of Kevin is too much to process in this film, the screws are turned too tight, and robs it of the emotional impact it might have had.
Directed by Lynne Ramsay.
Screenplay by Ramsay and Rory Steward Kinnear.
Starring Tilda Swinton, Jasper Newell, and Ezra Miller.
Dogtooth (2010)
Filed under: 2012, All Film Reviews, DVD Reviews, Indifference Leave a comment
Akira Kurosawa: Sanshiro Sugata Part 2 (1945) » « Goon (2012)


There is no direct syllabus content for this part of the course that needs to be learned for an exam. The ideas I've developed in these pages will come into the exam - particularly paper 1, but the content is covered in the Unit 2 section of the syllabus.
The aim of the programming project is to allow you the chance to do some "proper" programming. Everyone seems to agree that this is really, really important but, unfortunately, no one (other than me) seems to want to give you any marks for doing it.
So, I see it as a chance to revisit all the complicated bits of Unit 2 that you forgot all about. In particular, dealing with complex Boolean operators (multi-layered True/False statements). complex loops (including nested loops), random numbers, list manipulation and validating user input.
The pages linked from here are just the sort of thing you might need in a real programming project and are exactly the sort of stuff you need to be aware of for the more obscure questions on Paper 1.
This page created: 18 June 2018. Last updated: 19 October 2018.


text:
Q: How do you find out what context file an application on Tomcat is currently running with? We have an application in production, which we can see in Tomcat's Web Application Manager. What we want to know, is for a particular running application, what context.xml file is being used.
When I log onto the server, there is a context.xml in the directory:
/opt/tomcat/webapps/MY_APP/META-INF/context.xml
I'm sure that it is not the one that is being used by the application as it is currently running as it contains values for external servers that no longer exist, yet the application is working.
Is there any way to find out exactly what context.xml file is being used for a particular running Tomcat application?

A: Found it, it looks like when you deploy, the current context.xml gets copied to:
/opt/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost/MY_APP.xml


Lawyers and politicians have a penchant for making simple things complicated. It suits them to do so. In the case of lawyers, complex matters attract higher fees, or more kudos for intricate judgments for those lawyers who grace the Bench. In the case of politicians, it assists in bamboozling the long-suffering electorate to wrap questionable decision-making in a great deal of circumlocution and piles of the type of manure that fertilises politics.
And so it is, in the case of the recently fired executive director of our Independent Police Investigative Directorate, Robert McBride, that more heat than light has been generated around the contested renewal of his term of office for a further five years.
Although some academic writing on the topic seems to suggest that the IPID legislation is the source of the independence of the executive director, actually our highest law, the Constitution, as interpreted by our highest Court, the Constitutional Court, is the source of the independence of IPID and its executive director. The legislation has to be consistent with the Constitution to survive scrutiny in the upcoming litigation concerning the abrupt and unpopular ending of the contract of the former ED.
When the politicians decided to replace the Independent Complaints Directorate with IPID there was some debate about the scope and extent of the "independence" contemplated in the section quoted from above. Due to its striving for hegemony (the core ideal of the National Democratic Revolution which informs its thinking) the Tripartite Alliance in the majority in Parliament took up the attitude that the words quoted above denote "independence from the police", not independence from the executive branch of government.
The law found its way onto the statute book in accordance with this interpretation of the word "independence".
Pretty soon the Minister of Police, then Nathi Nhleko, sought to suspend the executive director of IPID. Litigation ensued, the interpretation "independent of the police" was rejected in favour of a wider meaning for the word that would give greater effectiveness and efficacy to the workings of IPID.
In 2016, the Constitutional Court reminded the other branches of government of the principles applicable and ordered them to amend the legislation so as to bring it into line with the extended constitutionally compliant meaning of "independent".
It is disgraceful that this has not yet been done by a Parliament which is obliged to uphold the rule of law (as expressed in the relevant judgment) and to ensure a system of governance that is accountable and responsive. This is clearly set out in Section 1 of the Constitution and is routinely ignored by those with their eyes on the goals of the NDR.
While the Constitution itself is somewhat light on the need for anti-corruption machinery of state, it does say that the police must prevent and combat crime (and corruption, lest we forget, is a crime). It also provides that the National Prosecuting Authority must exercise its functions without fear, favour or prejudice: in a word, "independently".
In Section 179(2) the NPA is required to "carry out any necessary functions incidental to instituting criminal proceedings". This does not, generally speaking, include investigation of crime, a function reserved for the police whose objectives are "to prevent, combat and investigate crime" among the other good things mentioned in Section 205(3) of the Constitution.
The closure of the Scorpions, an NPA unit, which had an investigative capacity and was dedicated to fighting corruption, was the occasion for much litigation which threw further light on the issue of corruption and the constitutionally compliant way of dealing with the corrupt, whether within the ranks of the police or otherwise.
With the benefit of hindsight, it is easy to see that the dissolution of the Scorpions was designed to facilitate the State Capture project that enjoyed currency during the wasted Zuma years; a project which may not yet be complete.
Of importance, in the context of the current brouhaha concerning the former executive director of IPID, is the court's criterion for defining the independence of the leadership of an anti-corruption entity (that IPID is such an entity is beyond doubt). Security of tenure of office is one of the five main criteria insisted upon by the Constitutional Court in its seminal decision of March 2011 in the second Glenister case it heard.
An executive director of IPID who is secure in his tenure of office is one who is better able to act independently in performing and leading the work of IPID without constantly looking over his shoulder to see whether or not he is pleasing the Minister of Police, the Cabinet or indeed any politician. This characteristic is particularly important in times of State Capture, rampant grand corruption and kleptocracy.
One of the best ways of ensuring that the executive director is secure in his tenure of office is to make his term a single non-renewable term of office. In this way, the temptation to "be nice" to the appointing authorities in order to get an extended appointment is removed. The executive director is in office once, only once and for a fixed term.
There can be no doubting that the willingness of IPID to investigate the acquisition of a "grabber", using the crime intelligence budget of the police, at an inflated price, allegedly to facilitate the payment of bribes to delegates at the Nasrec conference of the ANC in December 2017, is a matter that the Cabinet, the ANC and many other crooked people would prefer to be left in abeyance, either permanently or at least until after the general elections on 8 May 2019.
As no legitimate purpose of government is served by not proceeding with the investigation IPID has in hand, the grabber fiasco is not given any prominence in the reasoning behind the decision not to renew the term of office of the former executive director. It remains to be seen whether we hear of it again from officialdom, whether before the upcoming elections or later.
The issues are simple: Was the grabber acquired at an inflated price? Was crime intelligence funding used? What was the purpose of the inflation of price and how was the excess, R45-million less R8-million, to be used?
Whether it is up to Parliament (or indeed the executive) to renew the term of office of the executive director of IPID is a question that the Constitutional Court will have to consider now that the former executive director is litigating the fairness and rationality of the termination of his services as an executive director.
It is arguable, given the requirement that the executive director's tenure of office should be secure, that the renewal of his term of office for the second five years is solely at his option while he is in good standing. As has been pointed out elsewhere, the wording of the IPID Act is vague and ambiguous. If the ambiguity is around who has the right to renew, then it should be resolved in a manner that accords with the Constitutional Court's findings on the criteria applicable to the leadership of anti-corruption entities in a society which aims at the realisation and enjoyment of a host of expensive human rights by all.
It is true that the ANC-led alliance is congenitally incapable of surrendering its control of the levers of power in society as this runs counter to a basic aim of its revolutionary agenda.
It is for this reason that the Minister of Police (who should be under criminal investigation for his role in negotiating leases at excessive rates for police headquarters) was so bold as to give notice to the former executive director.
In his world view, he has control over IPID which is only independent of SAPS, not of him. In the SA jurisprudence around the independence of anti-corruption units, his attitude and actions are anathemas.
The former executive director is indeed entitled to rational decision-making concerning his tenure of office and he is entitled to fairness in that decision-making.


text:
World Bank supports strengthening of Caribbean healthcare system
Release – The World Bank has provided more than 40 million US dollars under the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States Regional Health Project, to improve health facilities and laboratory capacities, strengthen public health systems and emergency management, institutional capacity building, project management and coordination, and contingency emergency response.
Project beneficiaries include Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Commission.
Small Island Developing States within the Caribbean are particularly vulnerable to threats posed by climate change – from rising sea levels, hurricanes and floods, to increased temperatures and intensity of changing weather patterns. The project provides support to these OECS states to protect themselves from the devastating impact of disasters, pandemics and emergencies.
From December 12-14, 2022, beneficiaries of the project came together at the Hyatt Regency Trinidad for the 7th Regional Project Advisory and Mid-term Review meeting. Dr. Joy St. John, Executive Director, CARPHA, shared some of the project gains, noting that "we have executed several contracts, serviced and purchased equipment, engaged several consultants, ramped up our communications outreach and contributed, not just to the pandemic response, but most critically towards improving the resilience of public health services across the Region."
Dr. Lisa Indar, Director, Surveillance, Disease, Prevention and Control, CARPHA, expressed the Agency's "appreciation to all members for their strong commitment to this project, despite the challenges encountered and the increased workload involved in our robust response to the ongoing pandemic and regional public health".
Mr. Timothy Johnston, Human Development Programme Leader, World Bank, acknowledged that "under the OECS Regional Health Project, all six entities are making valuable investments and strengthening their health systems, particularly in the areas of surveillance, laboratories, workforce development and emergency management".
Mrs. Faith Harry – Jn Baptiste, Project Manager, OECS Commission, indicated that "under the OECS Regional Health Project, significant strides have been made towards the development of an inventory and Geographic Information System(GIS) mapping of emergency and critical care facilities and services, harmonized registration of health professionals; and has advanced efforts towards the creation of a multisectoral, multi-hazard emergency preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery mechanism within the Region".
Mr. Sylvester Henderson, Programme Coordinator, Ministry of Health, Wellness and New Health Investments, Dominica, posited that "standing together, we share intellectual resources and expertise, we share past experiences, and a resolve to be resilient, we share a common desire to thrive under difficult circumstances. The OECS Regional Health Project presents us with an opportunity to showcase this ability to come together and be strong as a unit".
For the duration of the meeting, participants were able to benefit from project updates, knowledge exchange and training in Financial Management Safeguards, led by Ms. Behnaz Bonyadian, Co -Task Team Leader and the members of the World Bank Team.
Representatives from the World Bank, the OECS Commission and participating countries were also given an opportunity to tour the CARPHA Medical Microbiology Laboratory to view the equipment that was procured under the project.
The post World Bank supports strengthening of Caribbean healthcare system appeared first on Caribbean News Now!.


We have lots of these, but not many with limbs like this so close to the ground. This one is in a cemetary with no close competitors, so it spread out more than up.
Pictures by John S. Quarterman, 27 April 2011, in the Revolutionary War Cemetery in Louisville, Georgia.


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text:
Le club SO36 (aussi abrégé: das SO []) est une boîte de nuit dans le quartier de Kreuzberg à Berlin, situé dans l'Oranienstraße, près de l'Heinrichplatz.

Le SO36 tire son nom du code postal historiquement utilisé pour la zone où il est localisé.

Histoire

Le SO36 est une salle riche en tradition, où a été ouvert en 1861 un Biergarten. À partir des années 1930, le local abrite un cinéma, appelé « Kino am Heinrichplatz » (littéralement, « Cinéma de l'Heinrichplatz »). Les dégâts de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont mené à sa fermeture, et s'il a été rouvert en 1951, la construction du Mur de Berlin signe sa fermeture définitive.
À partir de la fin des années 1960 jusqu'aux années 1970, le local fut utilisé d'abord comme atelier, puis comme supermarché.

Punk et New Wave

Le local commence son activité en tant que lieu de manifestations culturelles sous le nom SO36 les 12 et , à l'occasion du festival « Mauerbaufestival » (littéralement, « Festival de la construction du Mur »), qui durera deux jours. Le festival était un hommage ironique à la construction du Mur de Berlin le . Le SO36 est alors placé sous la direction d'Achim Schächtele.
Le « Mauerbaufestival » était l'un des premiers gros festivals de la NDW (« Neue Deutsche Welle », c'est-à-dire la New Wave allemande), et il accueillit entre autres The Wall, The Dubliners, Mittagspause, Male, S.Y.P.H., DIN A Testbild, Ffurs, Stukka Pilots et PVC

Cependant, seulement quelques mois plus tard seulement, le club SO36 était menacé de faillite ; en effet, Achim Schächtele étant tombé malade, la direction du club avait été reprise par Martin Kippenberger et Andreas Rohe. Kippenberger essaya d'établir une connexion entre le Punk, la New Wave et l'art, comme il avait réussi à le faire à Düsseldorf, au Ratinger Hof.
Il invita, à côté de groupes plus conventionnels de Punk, des groupes avant-guardistes comme The Red Crayola, Suicide et Lydia Lunch.

Cependant, la fusion des genres désirée par Martin Kippenberger fut un échec, et le concept de scène Anarcho-Punk à Kreuzberg au SO36 fut attaquée par des prospectus anonymes qui qualifiaient cette scène de « Consommation de Merde » (Konsumscheisse), et appelaient à la destruction du SO36 (Destroy SO36). Les prix pratiqués, et l'interdiction d'accès imposée à certains Punks furent également l'objet de critiques. La critique ne cessa d'amplifier, jusqu'au raid mené le  par un « commando contre la terreur de la consommation » (Kommando gegen Konsumterror), durant le concert du groupe anglais Wire, lorsque 2500 à 4000 Mark furent volés à la caisse d'entrée.

On a supposé que cet argent fut utilisé plus tard pour la création d'un centre Punk indépendant, le « KZ36 ». À la suite de ce braquage, Kippenberger mit fin à son engagement dans la SO36.

Jusqu'en 1983, le SO36 connut des directeurs différents, et resta un centre de la scène punk et New Wave en Allemagne. Des groupes comme Slime, Throbbing Gristle, Die Ärzte, Die Toten Hosen, Einstürzende Neubauten, Die tödliche Doris ou encore Dead Kennedys s'y produisirent, et en 1982 y fut organisé le premier festival « Berlin Atonal ».

En 1983, un gérant turc transforma la salle en une salle de mariage nommée « Merhaba », et le SO36 fut fermé la même année, à la suite d'une décision du service d'urbanisme.

En 1984 s'installa dans le local pour une courte période l'Exposition universelle d'architecture et d'urbanisme Internationalen Bauausstellung (IBA 1984). Lorsque l'Anhalter Straße fut aménagée pour accueillir le centre culturel d'art de Kreuzberg (KuKuck), des sympathisants attaquèrent l'Exposition universelle d'architecture et d'urbanisme, la jetèrent hors des locaux qu'ils occupèrent dès lors. Durant les années qui suivirent, la mairie de quartier les a tolérés et le SO36 recommença à se développer comme un centre de la scène Punk et Rock de Berlin.

En 1987, la police fit évacuer les lieux, car les concerts avaient souvent débordé hors du local, dans l'Oranienstraße.

Le SO36 aujourd'hui

Le SO36 a été rénové en 1990 et rouvert en tant que lieu de manifestations culturelles.

En 2009, un conflit de voisinage a menacé l'existence du SO36. Afin de remplir les conditions de réduction des nuisances sonores, un mur d'insonorisation devrait être construit. Afin de rassembler les fonds nécessaires à ces travaux, des concerts de bienfaisance ont été organisés (comme celui des Toten Hosen le ), et des négociations sont menées avec la mairie de quartier, afin qu'elle prenne une partie des coûts à sa charge.

D'autre part, le SO36 est aussi politiquement actif. Par exemple, le Club a participé en 2009 à une manifestation contre le projet d'investissement Mediaspree, et a soutenu le collectif de manifestation Freiheit statt Angst (La liberté à la place de la Peur).

Durant l'année 2009, le club SO36 a remporté le Live Entertainment Award en tant que meilleur Club. Les autres Clubs nominés étaient le club de Jazz Domicil à Dortmund et la Zeche Bochum.

Soirées résidentes

Aujourd'hui, des soirées et des concerts ont régulièrement lieu au SO36. L'Electric Ballroom, qui y a lieu chaque mois, est l'une des soirées techno les plus anciennes de Berlin.

Les soirées Orientales gays et lesbiennes Gayhane, organisées par Fatma Souad (Hakan Tandoğan), avec le DJ résident DJ Ipek, a donné une impulsion notable à la scène turque gay et lesbienne.
Elles ont lieu une fois par mois, un samedi, et la musique y est marquée par de la pop turque, arabe, grecque ou encore hébraïque.
L'un des éléments phares du programme est la demi-heure de spectacle de danse du ventre
Les organisateurs travaillent en étroite collaboration avec des organisations politiques, sociales ou LGBT, qui sont la plupart du temps actives dans le domaine de l'intégration des étrangers et de l'aide aux réfugiés.

Parmi les soirées régulières du SO36, on compte également depuis 1995 le Café Fatal, qui a lieu les dimanches. La soirée débute par un cours de danse de salon d'une heure, pour les débutants et les élèves avancés. Dans la foulée, différents DJs jouent de la Samba, de la Rhumba, ainsi que plus tard dans la soirée du Rock, de la Pop et du Schlager.

Depuis 1998 a lieu chaque mois la soirée Super sexy Kiezbingo. Le jeu de Bingo est animé par les travestis Inge Borg et Gisela Sommer. Les prix sont sponsorisés par des commerces locaux, et les bénéfices de la soirée sont reversés à une cause politique ou de bienfaisance choisie auparavant.

Une fois par mois, un vendredi, a lieu la soirée My ugly x, qui est destinée avant tout aux clients les plus jeunes. Le thème de la soirée est "le mauvais goût", et il s'exprime à travers les vêtements et le style musical, plus particulièrement la Dance et la musique Pop des années 1990 qui sont censées être particulièrement de mauvais goût et trash.

Une fois par mois, le local est utilisé pour l'organisation d'un marché aux puces de nuit, avec la présence de conseillers sociaux gratuits sur la thématique Hartz IV, et de l'argent pour les chômeurs.

Films

 So war das S.O.36 (Ainsi était le SO36). Allemagne 1985, Regie: Manfred Jelinski

Liens externes
 Homepage des SO36
 Gayhane Mitternachtshow - Fotodokumentation
 Gayhane Fotoreportage

Références
<small> Cette page a été en grande partie traduite depuis l'article en allemand.

Boîte de nuit à Berlin
Berlin-Kreuzberg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tanganyikaterritoriet blev efter första världskriget namnet på tidigare Tyska Östafrika. Tysklands besittningar i Afrika anfölls av Storbritannien, men de tyska soldaterna där gav inte upp förrän Tysklands soldater i Europa förlorat kriget. 1919 fick Storbritannien i uppdrag att ta hand om området som mandatområde, först under Nationernas förbund, sedan under Förenta nationerna. Den 9 december 1961 blev Tanganyika självständigt.

Lista över Tanganyikas koloniala överhuvuden
(Datum i kursiv stil visar de facto -fortsättning av ämbetet)

Tanganyikas generalguvernör, 1961-1962
Sir Richard Gordon Turnbull (9 december 1961 - 9 december 1962)

Källor

Fotnoter

Externa länkar
Brittiska imperiet - Tanganyika
World Statesmen - Tanzania

Historiska länder och riken i Afrika
Stater och territorier bildade 1919
Stater och territorier upplösta 1961


text:
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All-Star Sho-case: Ohtani is AL's starting pitcher
2yAlden Gonzalez
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The Playbook, Inning 6: Nine must-follow fantasy baseball tips
Los Angeles Angels' Shohei Ohtani to start at pitcher, bat leadoff for AL in MLB All-Star Game
Alden GonzalezESPN Staff Writer
ESPN baseball reporter. Covered the L.A. Rams for ESPN from 2016 to 2018 and the L.A. Angels for MLB.com from 2012 to 2016.
DENVER -- Shohei Ohtani, the Los Angeles Angels' transcendent two-way star, will start on the mound and bat leadoff for the American League All-Stars in Tuesday's MLB All-Star Game from Coors Field, a fitting tribute to his nearly unprecedented first-half performance.
Ohtani, who will oppose Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals, was voted by the fans as the starting designated hitter and was voted by the players as one of five starting pitchers. Tampa Bay Rays manager Kevin Cash, who will steer the AL group, said he "took that to heart" in making the decision to start Ohtani.
"This is what the fans wanna see," Cash said. "It's personally what I wanna see."
How this year's Home Run Derby sluggers chose their pitchers
2yBuster Olney
2021 MLB All-Star Game -- News, analysis and Home Run Derby results
2yESPN.com
Ohtani, the only player selected to both pitch and hit in an All-Star Game, headlined the Home Run Derby lineup on Monday night, but was eliminated by Nationals star Juan Soto after an exhilarating first round that included two tiebreakers and a combined 61 home runs, 10 of which traveled 500-plus feet.
New York Mets slugger Pete Alonso eventually won the event, becoming the third back-to-back champ.
Cash said he "begged" Major League Baseball to tweak a longstanding rule and basically list Ohtani as both a pitcher and a DH for Tuesday's lineup, which would allow Cash to insert a new DH when Ohtani comes out of the game rather than continually use a pinch-hitter as Ohtani's spot in the lineup comes back around.
"I was not expecting to be chosen as a pitcher at all," Ohtani said through his interpreter, Ippei Mizuhara, who will also serve as his catcher for the Home Run Derby. "It's a huge honor."
Ohtani is the second Japanese player to start an All-Star Game, joining Hideo Nomo, who represented the Los Angeles Dodgers while starting for the National League in 1995. As a hitter, Ohtani is batting .279/.364/.698 with four triples, 12 stolen bases and a major league-leading 33 home runs, already a single-season record for a Japanese-born player. As a pitcher, he boasts a 3.49 ERA with 87 strikeouts and 35 walks in 67 innings.
Dodgers manager Dave Roberts, who will lead the NL team, was asked whether he had believed Ohtani would be able to juggle both roles at that level.
"We did," Roberts said. "We wanted him."
"So did we!" Cash added, drawing a laugh from the crowd that gathered around the makeshift news conference near Coors Field.
Starting Ohtani allows MLB to fully showcase a man who has arguably become baseball's most captivating star, but it also avoids the logistical difficulties of asking him to warm up in the middle of a game that he is already hitting in, a circumstance Ohtani is not accustomed to.
"Dave and I both have responsibilities to protect not just our players but all players," Cash said. "And I think it made the most sense in the availability of it to do something that he has already done, rather than asking him to hit and come in later in the game [to pitch]."
Ohtani will be followed in the AL lineup, respectively, by Toronto Blue Jays first baseman Vladimir Guerrero Jr., Boston Red Sox shortstop Xander Bogaerts, New York Yankees right fielder Aaron Judge, Red Sox third baseman Rafael Devers, Blue Jays second baseman Marcus Semien, Kansas City Royals catcher Salvador Perez, Blue Jays left fielder Teoscar Hernandez and Baltimore Orioles center fielder Cedric Mullins.
Roberts' NL lineup begins with San Diego Padres shortstop Fernando Tatis Jr. batting leadoff and Dodgers first baseman Max Muncy batting second while serving as the DH. They're followed, respectively, by St. Louis Cardinals third baseman Nolan Arenado, Atlanta Braves first baseman Freddie Freeman, Cincinnati Reds right fielder Nick Castellanos, Reds left fielder Jesse Winker, Philadelphia Phillies catcher J.T. Realmuto and Pittsburgh Pirates second baseman Adam Frazier.
Ohtani was the first pitcher to ever compete in the Home Run Derby and is already the first player in baseball history to combine at least 20 home runs with 80 strikeouts in the same season, a feat that not even Babe Ruth accomplished. In Ruth's only two seasons as a two-way player, in 1918 and 1919, he combined for 40 home runs, 13 stolen bases and 70 strikeouts. Ohtani could surpass all three of those numbers within the next few weeks.
"Obviously I've never seen him live, but I've seen a lot of footage and heard a lot of stories and read about him a lot," Ohtani said of Ruth. "If you're a baseball player, obviously you've heard his name before. He's a legendary figure, and it's a huge honor to be compared to somebody like that. All I can do is try my best and see how my season and career pans out."