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IS POLICE USE OF FACIAL RECOGNITION POTENTIALLY UNLAWFUL?
May 17, 2018 by David Videcette in David Videcette blog post
Facial recognition is again in the news, after Information Commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, blogged about her concerns. However, many of the news stories and comments on social media highlight that there is very little understanding of the fundamental problems surrounding police use of this technology.
In very simple terms, facial recognition systems work like a game of snap - matching two faces together and then telling an operator that it has done so. To make the software work, the police need a suspect image and a database with which to compare that suspect image.
However, the problem isn't the software, how it works, or its success or failure to catch criminals. The real problem, and where the debate should be, is around the police databases that are being used to find a match.
Police retention of custody images
If you've ever been arrested, you'll know how the system works. You're taken to a police station, 'booked in' to a custody suite and given your rights and entitlements to legal advice - and here's the important part – at this point you are told that you will have your fingerprints, DNA and photograph taken - this is all before anything else happens, before you've spoken to a solicitor, been questioned, or anything. Simply being arrested and taken to a police station means that the police will automatically take fingerprints, DNA and photographs - what we now call 'biometrics'.
Once upon a time, these things would only have been taken from you if you were charged with or cautioned for a crime. However, in the early noughties, legislative changes meant that anyone arrested and taken to a police station had their biometrics taken. More than that, it meant that these things could be retained forever, regardless as to the outcome of the case, regardless of whether you were ever charged with a crime or cautioned.
Arrest is sometimes used as an administrative process by the police, it is by no means a finding of guilt and absolutely no inference can or should be drawn from the fact that someone has been arrested. The obtaining of ones biometrics at the point of arrest then, and these then being retained forever, in instances of zero conviction or guilt, seems rather unfair?
As a result of this grey area, there were a number of court challenges during the mid-2000s about whether or not this practice was right, or indeed fair.
In 2012, the government changed the legislation governing the retention of these biometrics, and the Protection of Freedoms Act was introduced. The act brought in legislation which said that innocent people, who have never been cautioned or convicted of a crime, should not have their fingerprints, or their DNA retained indefinitely following any arrest, and that it should be deleted if they were not charged or cautioned.
However, custody images, the photographs taken of you as you arrived at the police station after arrest, also known as 'mugshots', were left out of the legislation. This was because the High Court ruled, in 2012, just as the Protection of Freedom Act was being introduced, that the police policy on retaining images of unconvicted individuals breached human rights laws. So the government didn't feel that photos needed to be part of the Protection of Freedoms Act. as their retention was already ruled as illegal, and therefore there was no reason for introducing further legislation.
Police heads in sand
The police were told to delete the 'unconvicted photos'. But there was a problem. There were tens of millions of images, and the police had no easy way of identifying 'convicted photos' from 'unconvicted photos'. So, in good old fashioned police style, they buried their heads in the sand and did nothing.
By 2017, five years after being told that it was illegal to retain unconvicted photos, little had been done to weed out innocent people from police systems. The government, beginning to lose patience, told police forces that it was now taking too long, that they had to delete images on request.
But this was no overarching solution and the matter has since been repeatedly raised in both Houses of Parliament, and by the Information Commissioner.
While the police themselves are officially saying that facial recognition is not being used against these illegally retained custody photos, evidence very much suggests otherwise.
According to NEC, the IT company which announced in July 2017 that it was to enter into a scheme to supply and trial a facial recognition system with South Wales Police - their system will be: "used to cross-check still images and recorded video taken at crime scenes against approximately 500,000 photos currently held in its [South Wales Police's] custody image database."
And South Wales Police themselves offered a degree of support that they had, and indeed were, using the NEC software against the custody image database, with Inspector Scott Lloyd telling Wales Online: "...we've got the ability to take that probe image and cross map it against the 500,000 custody images we have as an organisation."
Whatever the actual truth is, it is the illegal retention of images that remains chief among the reasons why there is so much hostility to something which would ultimately help in the fight against crime.
There were already huge legal ramifications surrounding the police's current illegal retention of innocent citizens' images, but by introducing facial recognition technology into the mix, we also encounter the possibility of these innocent citizens being on the underlying databases that are employed to produce a match.
But surely it's not that difficult to remove images of those people not convicted of a crime?
Well actually, it's a huge problem, and here's why:
Custody images are taken as soon as you arrive at the police station, and are referenced by your name, and custody number. The Police National Computer is what police use to track your arrest and conviction history through the criminal justice system.. But this is an entirely separate system to that which holds the photos. So your photo sits entirely on its own with no indication as to whether you are innocent or guilty of the matter you were arrested for.
To check that a photo of a person is 'convicted' or 'unconvicted', requires a police officer to check the date and location the photo was taken, and marry this up against what's known as an Arrest Summons number on the Police National Computer. They then have to follow the Arrest Summons number to see if the arrest led to a conviction. To cut a long story short, that's likely to take an officer several minutes per photo. Fingerprints and DNA profiles, are much easier to trace, they are eventually married up, and populated with the AS number, so locating 'unconvicted' biometrics of this type is much easier.
All of this procrastination by the police is holding up the development and use of newer facial recognition technology, technology that will keep us safer in the long run. Why don't they just get on with deleting the photos of unconvicted people? The longer it goes on, the longer it's going to take?
The reason is because we are approaching 21 million images in total on the police databases. It would take a full-time team of 1,000 people more than 18 months, working flat out, just to clear what's already on there. It's the cost, that's why they are procrastinating.
The police needs to rethink how they are storing and retaining these photos. They need a new system, a way of tracking the photos via the Arrest Summons number, as this is where the problem starts. Once that new system is in place - they are going to have to bite the bullet and forget everything that they have ever collected, and delete the entire store of images - or spend the money, time and effort to go through what they hold and sort out the problem image by image.
But those decisions need to be made now, not next year.
Every hour of every day, more photos are collected.
Every month, the use of facial recognition software by the police increases.
This thorny issue is only going to cost more to put right in the long run - and become increasingly fraught with legal difficulties, if we refuse to confront it now.
To find out what information the police hold on the Police National Computer (PNC) about you, visit: https://www.acro.police.uk/subject_access.aspx
You can request that your PNC record, fingerprints and DNA be deleted here if you have been arrested and never charged: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dna-early-deletion-guidance-and-application-form
You have the right to have your custody photos deleted if you were arrested and not convicted/cautioned. Request so in writing to the chief officer in charge of the force area where you were arrested.
David Videcette is a former Scotland Yard detective specialising in counter-terror and organised crime. He is the author of The Theseus Paradox and The Detriment based on real events.
May 17, 2018 /David Videcette
facial recognition, police, custody images, retention, biometrics, fingerprints, DNA, arrest, unconvicted, conviction, database, policing, unlawful retention


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Design Team 0 Slides

Eric Bridgeford, Albert Lee, Eric Walker

F2G pipeline leg overview

Eric Bridgeford

Design Team 0 Slides

Eric Bridgeford, Albert Lee, Eric Walker

F2G pipeline leg overview

Eric Bridgeford

Quality Control Pages

Purpose for Developers

Adding modules: Verify that things don't go out of whack

Changing modules: Ability to show the change's impact in a quantifiable/visualizable way

May be easier to page thru QC manuals than search through thousands of figures manually

Purpose for Users

They're trusting that you are doing things correctly; at least some insight into what's being done is helpful

Users need to be able to easily determine how good their data is, or "benchmark" measures

Graphs, Data, etc can be downloaded from here, so users can take what they want/need

What goes into a quality control page

Figures that are natural along the way: figures of the motions corrected, quality of registration, etc

Summary statistics and figures: make sense of the processed outputs

Raw Data

Processed Data

Graphs

Signal: voxelwise mean

Signal: voxelwise standard deviation

Signal: voxelwise SNR

Signal: statistics page

Motion: Translational Parameters

Motion: Translational Displacement

Motion: Absolute Trans Statistics

Motion: Relative Trans Statistics

Motion: Rotational Parameters

Motion: Absolute Rot Statistics

Motion: Relative Rot Statistics

What to do next

Start running data: Benchmarks are KKI, SWU, and NKI

Consider making QC pages HTML in near future (within next month?)

Add modules in order of importance: Spatial Smoothing, Skullstripping possible firsts

Javascript based visualization

Albert Lee

Introduction to ClarityExplorer

          <h%>NOTE: for all csvs please use the file located here

What is ClarityExplorer

Primarily python based visualization tool tool

3D viewer with color correspondance to intensity (trying to change to opacity based)

Uses OpenGL for visualization

 Currently can only be run directly in the terminal

 Has implementation with Plotly and Matplotlib

What should ClarityExplorer look like?

WebGL based Javascript application

Scalable up to a million points

Fast, professional, open source

Current prototype

WebGL based Javascript application

Scalable up to million points but very slow

Problems

Composed of mostly other people's code

Code is derived from Philip Pedrucko's code which was largely derived from WebGL's example

Very difficult to develop

I don't completely understand what is going on

Realistic Goals

Following goals should be finished by the end of July

Should be 99% my own original code

Should be able to be scalable up to a million points

Fast, professional, open source

Reach Goals

Should ideally be integrated in such a way that you are able to upload a nifti format file

Should be able to choose from a database of different preuploaded brains

Should be extensively documented with each function properly explained

Progress this Week

Mostly debugging (further elaborated in the next slide)

Started manual documentation of code so I understand what each function does

Basic modifications tested (these can be seen in the JavascriptJovo folder)

Error log

ThreeJS interaction with csv files is much more difficult than I originally thought

Papaparse compatatibility has been difficult for me to set up

Many  Examples of Failures

Changing minute details like the color in the example scatterplot renders the entire program broken

Frustratingly the documentation for ThreeJS is extremely elementary and the "tutorials" are just examples with no explanation given to structure

Only a few scatterplot examples are easily found online, and several of them are based off the original WebGL tutorial

When design goes astray

D3.js is a powerful tool that uses modern design to supplement versatility

This makes Bostock a sad man

This is a mediocre example less egregious coloring

Unfortunately still not a good representation of Clarity data (intensity is not represented)

Possible Solutions

1) Represent intensity scale with different colors ranging from low hex values to high hex values that are callibrated to the intensity range

2) Size of points callibrated to intensity scale - depends on the data scale

3) Intensity is represented by how many faces each 3 dimensional point has - terrible idea considering it will be very difficult to see

4) Intensity represented by opacity

Next Week

 Even if it's far worse, create my own original version of the csv based visualizer

 Email the creator of the Cosmic Visualizer for which function she used for intensity representation

 Figure out the whole color ordeal - only being able to use gray or colored monstrosity is not ideal

fMRI Data Analysis

Eric Walker

Transformation models

Linear operators

Translation, rotation, scaling, shearing (12 parameters)

Rigid body transformation (6 parameters)

Nonlinear transformations

Basis functions – polynomial function of original XYZ (many more parameters increasing with the order)

Cost functions

Within-modality and between-modality

Least squares (averaged squared difference between voxel intensities)

Normalized correlation (measures linear relationship – default for FSL)

Cost functions

Mutual information

Joint histogram plots frequency of combinations of intensities (diagonal if equal)

MI is the difference between the total entropy of the individual images and the joint entropy

Cost functions

Optimization attempts to minimize cost function

Gradient descent – start at particular values then modify

Susceptible to local minima (evident when large # of parameters)

Regularization – penalty for more complex warps

Multiscale optimization – estimate parameters at low resolution then move higher

Interpolation

Nearest neighbor (rarely used)

Tri-linear (weighted average)

Higher order (sinc, basis functions) - different windows

Quality control techniques

Spikes, ghosting, etc.

Remove artifactual component to create "denoised" dataset

Explicit criteria for rejection to prevent bias

Distortion correction

Distortions occur where air and tissue meet

Use field map that characterizes B0 field to correct dropout

Slice timing correction

Choose reference slice and interpolate rest of data (know timing of acquisition)

Move away from this type of correction in practice

Artifacts in one image can be propagated throughout the time series

Event-related analysis relatively robust to slice timing problems

Motion correction

Bulk motion vs spin history effect (disruption in signal itself – cannot be correct with standard techniques)

Each image aligned to common reference scan (rigid body transformation)

Motion correction

Prospective motion correction – modify location during acquisition

Should occur before slice timing correction (if latter is used) – effect of motion on voxel intensity

Monitor physiological motion (heart rate, breathing) or use cardiac gating

Spatial smoothing

Apply low-pass filter to blur image

Increases signal-to-noise ratio

Benefits of gain in larger features outweighs loss of smaller features

Some analysis methods require specific degree of spatial smoothness

In general, FWHM of twice voxel size is good starting point

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Sixteen cited for safety violations
LANSING — The Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration issued COVID-19 citations to 16 different workplaces "for failing to protect workers and take safety precautions," according to a release.
Fines are for an emergency rule violation or a general duty citation and carry a fine of up to $7,000. Cited employers have 15 working days from receipt of the MIOSHA citations to contest the violations and penalties.
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TBACU wins Paul Bunyan Challenge
TRAVERSE CITY — TBA Credit Union took top honor in the 2020 Paul Bunyan Chapter Challenge.
Joining TBACU in the fifth annual Paul Bunyan Chapter Challenge were 4Front Credit Union, Filer Credit Union, Forest Area Federal Credit Union and Safe Harbor Credit Union.
The friendly competition is to see which credit union volunteers the most hours per team and board member. TBA Credit Union volunteered 16 hours per team member with Forest Area Federal Credit Union second with 13 hours.
"As a chapter, our teams volunteered over 3,990 hours within the communities that we serve, from Ludington to Petoskey," TBA Credit Union CEO Karen Browne said in a release. "Credit Unions were built on the foundation of people helping people, and this friendly challenge continues to demonstrate how we place the needs of people over profit."
More information and current rankings for the 2021 Paul Bunyan Chapter Challenge is available at pbunyan.mcul.org.
Safety Net named a top IT provider
TRAVERSE CITY — Safety Net was named to the 2021 Managed Service Provider 500 list by CRN, a brand of The Channel Company.
Safety Net has offices in Traverse City and Farmington Hills. An information technology managed service provider, Safety Net was recognized in the Security 100 category.
According to a release, the MSP 500 list is divided into three sections: the MSP Pioneer 250, the MSP Elite 150 and the Managed Security 100, "recognizing MSPs focused primarily on off-premises and cloud-based security services."
The annual list "recognizes the leading North American solution providers that have demonstrated innovative and forward-thinking approaches to managed services." The MSP 500 list will be featured in the February 2021 issue of CRN and online at www.CRN.com/msp500.
4Front captures MemberXP awards
TRAVERSE CITY — 4Front Credit Union won a 2021 Best of the Best award from MemberXP.
According to its website, the award is given to "high-performing credit unions using MemberXP's service evaluation platform."
Credit unions are given Best of the Best Awards in 10 different categories. 4Front Credit Union was named in two of the categories: Consumer Lending and Transaction Experience.
More information about the awards is available at www.MemberXP.com/best-of-the-best-award.
Treetops Resort lands C-PACE funding
GAYLORD — Treetops Resort in Gaylord secured a Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE) loan, according to a release.
Treetops is the first northern Michigan resort to receive a PACE loan, the release stated. Treetops worked with Lean & Green Michigan to secure the funding.
"These improvements include HVAC systems, improvements to building envelopes, interior and exterior lighting, plumbing and domestic water controls, irrigation controls and additional improvements," Treetops General Manager Barry Owens said in the released. "Of equal importance, this project will reduce Treetops Resort's carbon footprint through the reduced needs of energy resources."
Work on energy improvements has already begun at Treetops, according to the release.
Alpena CC receives federal investment
WASHINGTON, D.C. — The United States Department of Commerce's Economic Development Administration awarded a $2.4 million grant to Alpena Community College.
The grant is from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. According to a release, the grant will be used to "renovate space on campus to create an advanced manufacturing lab and an updated welding shop."
The release said the EDA grant be matched with $600,000 in local investment. The money is expected to retain some 275 jobs and generate $15 million in private investment.
More than 40K apply for Michigan Reconnect
LANSING — More than 40,000 applied for the Michigan Reconnect program in the first two weeks of the program's launch, according to a release from the Michigan Department of Labor & Opportunity.
Michigan Reconnect helps those without an associate's degree or skills certificate earn one through a local community college. To be eligible, participants must be at least 25 years old when applying, live in the state for a year or more, have a high school diploma and have not completed a college degree.
If students attend college in the district where they live, tuition is free. If they don't live in the community college district, "Reconnect pays the in-district part of the tuition and the student will only need to pay the remaining balance."
Application and more information is available at www.michigan.gov/Reconnect.
DTE Energy offers refrigeration rebates
DETROIT — DTE Energy is offering a rebate of up to $1,200 on the purchase of high-efficiency, ultra-low temperature freezers pharmacies, medical offices and hospitals require to store doses of COVID-19 vaccine.
DTE Energy is offering a savings of $1,200 off a 24-30 cubic foot unit and $600 off a 15-24 cubic foot unit. According to the release, a business can receive up to $50,000 in rebates per location.
Those interested in the program should visit DTE's website at www.dteenergy.com, email dteincentives@energy-solution.com or call (617) 440-5469.
More eligible for tax credit
LANSING — The Michigan Department of Treasury reported working families and individuals with low to moderate income may be able to receive Earned Income Tax Credit. According to a release, every year thousands of state residents eligible for the credit don't apply for it.
According to the release, "individuals must meet certain requirements and file a federal income tax return, even if no tax is owed or there is no requirement to file a return. If a federal EITC is granted, the state of Michigan will provide a 6 percent supplemental EITC when the taxpayer files his or her state income tax return."
The amount of the federal EITC depends on factors such as income, filing status and number of qualifying dependents. According to the release, "approximately 738,400 claimants received the Michigan EITC, totaling almost $110.6 million with an average credit amount of $150" during the 2019 tax season.
More information about the EITC is available at www.irs.gov/eitc. For more information about the state Treasury Department, go to www.michigan.gov/treasury or follow @MITreasury on Twitter.
$2.5M grant for rural healthcare
LANSING — The Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity awarded a $2.5 million federal grant "to address healthcare staffing shortages in rural communities throughout the state," according to a release.
The U.S. Department of Labor's H-1B Rural Healthcare Grant Program backs employment and training in healthcare jobs occupations serving rural populations. According to the release, the grant will allow the addition of 430 new healthcare workers in rural areas in Michigan in the next four years.
Over the next four years, the grant will support the addition of more than 430 new healthcare workers for rural communities throughout Michigan.
LEO will work with Michigan Works! Northeast Consortium, Upper Peninsula Michigan Works!, West Michigan Works! and Workforce Intelligence Network, which represents six agencies in the southeast portion of the state.
Questions about the grant can be submitted by email at LEO-TDL@michigan.gov. More information on the federal grant program is available at www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/grants/apply/find-opportunities.
DTE Energy: Strong 2020
DETROIT — DTE Energy recently reported 2020 earnings of $1.4 billion, or $7.08 per diluted share. The company reported 2019 earnings of $1.2 billion, or $6.31 per diluted share.
DTE Energy's operating earnings in 2020 were $1.4 billion ($7.19 per diluted share) compared with $1.2 billion ($6.30 per diluted share) in 2019.
The earnings announcement and other presentations from 2020 are available at www.dteenergy.com/investors.
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One random comedian, eight random questions; it's the ultimate test of funny person and fate.
This week's absolute legend is Lou Sanders, who's reaching out across the channels right now, gracing 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown a few weeks back, James Acaster and Josh Widdicombe's new Dave series Hypothetical soon, and there's a recording of The Unbelievable Truth for Radio 4 next week. Which is all timely as she's about to set off on her debut - surely not? - tour.
Yes, Lou brings her hugely acclaimed show Shame Pig to the nation's appropriately-sized theatres later this month. That's when it starts, anyway: the increasingly assured comic is doing Southend on the 24th then a run at the Soho Theatre (25th-28th), then taking March off due to weather or lent or whatever, then really getting the wheelie suitcase out from April onwards. Because that's how she rolls.
Lou Sanders, your Random 8 await.
Listen more. And put the things you want to take with you the next day by the front door. Very good advice unless you exit through the back door.
Who is - or was - your most interesting relative?
My auntie Sue. Absolutely bonkers she was. And we loved her.
My Dad's done some pretty 'interesting' stuff too.
What was your favourite kids TV show. And why?
Blue Peter. Why not?! I didn't like animation - give me humans, I thought. My EQ was off the charts, obvs.
Ever had a really disastrous holiday?
I nearly died once on Bondi Beach and had to be rescued by a life guard. And guess where I am right now? Bondi Beach! And I haven't drowned once.
What are you most envious of?
Your favourite piece of furniture, ever?
Or a nice sofa that turns into a bed!
Ever met a surprisingly great/awful celebrity?
Cannot say. I'm too classy. But I did once kiss the guy from The Zutons all night and, at the end of the night to say goodbye, he shook my hand - hahahaha.
What's the weirdest thing you ever drank?
Home made Kombucha, which can poison you (the way I made it).


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SUPER BOWL 51 – Preview & Best Bets
The Super Bowl is always one of the highlights of the sporting year and the 51st edition of the event between the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons is set to be an extremely exciting affair.
The New England Patriots have been the dominant team in the AFC all season long and they will go into Super Bowl 51 as clear favourite, but they will face a tough test against an extremely talented Atlanta Falcons side.
Will New England win yet another Super Bowl or can Atlanta finally deliver Super Bowl success? We have analyzed a wide range of betting markets to come up with the best betting plays for one of the biggest days in sport.
Head To Head Betting
The New England Patriots have lost only two games this season and their roster includes a stack of players that have plenty of Super Bowl experience.
New England are yet to be really tested during the NFL Playoffs to date and they have played within themselves to date, but it is fair to say that they have probably not played a team with the offensive firepower possessed by the Atlanta Falcons this season.
Winning as favourites has not been an issue for the Patriots this season and they have won 15 of their past 17 games in this scenario, while even more impressively they are 14-3 against the line when giving away a start.
During the Belichick era, the Patriots are 2-2 in Super Bowls in which they have started favorites – with most losses coming against the New York Giants – and 2-0 in Super Bowls that they have started as favorites.
Atlanta have been easily the most impressive team during the NFL Playoffs and they stamped themselves as the best team in the NFC with dominant victories over the Seattle Seahawks and the Green Bay Packers.
It was their performance against the Packers that was particularly outstanding – their attack was unstoppable and their defense was able to shutdown a firing Aaron Rodgers.
The Falcons have won four of their six games as underdogs this season for a clear profit and they are 5-1 against the line in this situation.
It should be noted that no favorite has won the Super Bowl since the Green Bay Packers beat the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2011 and underdogs have won six of the past seven editions of the event.
It is very tough to beat against the New England Patriots as they have been nothing short of outstanding this season, but the value in the Super Bowl odds does lie with the Atlanta Falcons and they can cause yet another Super Bowl upset.
Back Atlanta To Win @ $2.25
Super Bowls are notoriously low-scoring affairs, but the Over has actually saluted at three of the past five Super Bowls.
The 58.5 points that has been set as the Over/Under line for this clash is the largest in the history of the Super Bowl and they is actually not that much of a surprise considering the two teams that will be in action.
Atlanta have been an Overs team all season long and the Over has saluted in 15 of their past 18 games, while the Under is actually 10-8 in games involving the New England Patriots.
The market looks to have got the line for this clash just about right.
Super Bowl 51 MVP Betting
It should come no surprise that quarterbacks dominate the Super Bowl 51 MVP betting market.
Tom Brady ($1.83) and Matt Ryan ($2.75) have a mortgage on the award according to the market from Julio Jones ($17), Julian Edelman ($21), LeGarrette Blount ($26) and Devonta Freeman ($26).
Jones is the clear standout in betting value for the Falcons.
He was absolutely enormous against the Green Bay Packers and he will surely need to have a similar game against the Patriots if the Falcons are going to come away with the victory.
When it comes to the New England Patriots it really is tough to go against Tom Brady.
There is no doubt that the Falcons defence has improved as they get further into the season, but the best quarterbacks in the NFL have still been able to put up big numbers and Brady is the obvious key-man for the Patriots.
Back Julio Jones @ $21 & Devonta Freeman @ $26 To Be Named MVP for Value
First Score Of The Game
First score of the game is always an interesting betting market and some punters had an absolute fill-up when the Denver Broncos conceded a safety for the opening score of Super Bowl 49.
The New England Patriots have not been the quickest starters in recent weeks, while the Falcons have jumped out of the blocks very quickly.
Atlanta can take the early lead and $3.25 for them to start with a touchdown is a great bet.
Back Atlanta Falcons Touchdown As First Score Of The Game @ $3.25
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The lazy days of summer are here. The work of the school year lies behind.
You are about to enter another dimension … next stop, the Summer Reading Zone!
When I was a high school media specialist, each June after completing my contractual duties and putting the school library into a dormant state, I would reward myself with a sojourn from all-things-school. No lessons, no clock, just two weeks of sunning in the backyard as the trials of the school year evaporated in the summer breeze. Such blissful vegetation was short lived. Around the second week in July, an old stirring would come upon me. While still glued to my lawn chair, I would pluck a book from atop my towering stack of summer reading and happily enter the zone.
This month, as you surface from the rigors of the past school year, dive into EDSITEment's new portal College and Career Readiness Text Exemplars: Summer Reading for Teachers.
Enjoy a great selection of exemplary authors and texts itemized in Appendix B of the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy. Though a number of these exemplars will have crossed your radar at some point in your education, how refreshing it will be to discover them again! This time your encounter with great books will be as teachers with a mission to implement the Common Core. These readings form a spiral staircase for your students as they make the climb to the next level and ascend to college and career readiness.
You'll find no dull reading here, only examples of fine stories, poetry, drama, and informational texts, including foundational documents of American history and works of great thinkers. Divided into Grades 6–8; Grades 9–10; Grades 11–CCR there are resources under each text to support your efforts to teach reading and writing, and speaking and listening across the curriculum.
And when you are ready to think about how you will teach these books come fall, EDSITEment's portal supplements each author and exemplar on this list with a host of resources: related lesson plans; reviewed websites; NEH features; interactives; as well as entries from our Closer Readings blog. You'll find strategies galore in support of your curriculum. Tap the lessons for challenging activities and the websites for rich resources as you consider how to apply these classic texts to the Common Core State Standards for your grade level students.


text:
Learning on the raincoat
On rainy days, people who go out either wear umbrellas or wear raincoats.
Why is the raincoat impervious to water? The secret lies in the production materials. Take the cloth raincoat, which is made of rainproof cloth (ordinary cotton cloth treated with water repellent). Waterproofing agent is a paraffin emulsified slurry containing aluminum salt. After the paraffin wax is emulsified, it becomes fine particles, which are evenly distributed on the fibers of the cotton cloth. Paraffin and water can't get together. When water meets paraffin, it forms oval water droplets and rolls on top of paraffin. It can be seen that paraffin wax plays the role of rainproof. In physics, this impermeable phenomenon is called "impermeable phenomenon". Once water encounters ordinary cotton cloth, it penetrates through the capillary between the fibers, which is called "wetting phenomenon".
Objects are made up of molecules. The interaction force between molecules of the same substance is called cohesion; and the interaction force between molecules of different substances is called adhesion. When the cohesion force is less than the adhesion force, the "wetting phenomenon" will occur; on the contrary, the "non-wetting phenomenon" will occur. Raincoats are impermeable, precisely because the cohesion of water is greater than the adhesion of water to raincoats.
Physics also tells us: the cohesive force of water acts on the water surface to form surface tension. The surface tension of water makes the surface of the water form an elastic film. When the water contacts other objects, as long as the water does not infiltrate it, the elastic film is intact and can tightly wrap the water. Someone has tried: by skillfully pouring water into a wax-soaked metal sieve, the water did not leak through the sieve.
Common glass looks smooth and shiny. However, when the water met it, it was tightly entangled, which caused all kinds of troubles: when it rained, the rain on the front window glass blocked the driver's view, which was very unsafe, so I had to use the water paddle. , Drain the rain; for people wearing glasses, when they drink hot water, their lenses are immediately covered with a layer of mist, blocking the line of sight, and nothing can be seen.
After people knew the characteristics of the surface tension of water, and understood the relationship between water cohesion and adhesion, they not only cleverly made raincoats, but also created a novel "hydrophobic" glass—painted on ordinary glass. The layer of silicon organic compound medicinal film greatly weakens the adhesion of the mist to the glass. Using this kind of water-repellent glass as a lens can relieve people who wear glasses from the distress of fogging; if this kind of glass is installed on the front window of the car, the water paddle is no longer needed. Now you should be able to tell the truth that tarpaulins and cloth umbrellas do not leak rain!
PreviousPrevious post:How to choose the color of the raincoatNextNext post:Product features of electric car poncho


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text:
Q: Google BigQuery: How to check if Year string contains negative values Can you please help me with the following situation in Google BigQuery?
I am trying to determine if there are negative values in a table column called Year (i.e. -1999).
I have searched the web far and wide with numerous types of questions (including StackOverflow). From all this I found out that it could be done with the use of CASE. So I wrote the code you see below.
SELECT
    CASE WHEN Year <0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
    FROM `project.dataset.datatable`

But unfortunatly, when run the code gives the following error:
No matching signature for operator < for argument types: STRING, INT64. Supported signatures: ANY < ANY at [2:15]
This I thought could be because the Year column is defined as a STRING instead of INTEGER. So I tried to use the this code to format the values as INT.
SELECT
    CAST(Year AS INT64) AS Year_INT
    FROM `project.dataset.datatable`

The code works, as in it shows the values. But there are only 100 values instead of the 103 that standard SELECT DISTINCT shows. So this looks like something is wrong.
(!) Column name and table name, dataset name and project name are not real. They were replaced by me for privacy restrictions.
I wish for the query to show me all negative years, if any.
For example, if the Year column contains the year -1999 (data quality issue) then the string should bring it forward, and others like it.

A: This will work like your description
SELECT Year
FROM `project.dataset.datatable`
WHERE CAST(Year AS INT64) < 0

A: Instead of CASTing value to INT you can search the string directly for a hyphen:
where year like '%-%'

This is probably cheaper than casting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fred Klonsky in Retirement
Undocumented, elderly and Rahm Emanuel.
fredklonsky.substack.com
Read Fred Klonsky in Retirement in the Substack app
Fred Klonsky in Retirement is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.
I strongly recommend you read the series of articles that are appearing in Chicago's great Injustice Watch and the Chicago Tribune.
The reporters are By Carlos Ballesteros and Laura Rodríguez Presa.
If you know or have been following me for a while, and I've been writing about the issues facing the elderly for years, then you know I care deeply about it as a social justice issue, and not just because I'm personally impacted.
The thrust of the this series is that there is a unique issue that the elderly and undocumented face.
There are at least 3,900 undocumented immigrants age 65 and older living in Illinois. But by 2030, the number of undocumented seniors in the state will top 55,000 — a 1,300% increase in just a decade, according to a report published by Rush University Medical Center last year.
Most undocumented immigrants arrived in the country decades ago and have lived here without a viable pathway to citizenship. Mexican immigrants will make up two-thirds of the undocumented older adult populations in Illinois, followed by immigrants from Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeastern Asia, and Central America.
Now, this generation of immigrants faces the prospect of having lived and died in the shadows. Undocumented immigrants are blocked from accessing social programs that many seniors rely on, such as food stamps, public housing, Medicare and Social Security Insurance — programs that they pay billions of dollars into every year. Their families and communities weave a patchwork of formal and informal resources to make up the difference.
What is clear is that in many ways the current problem facing the undocumented and particularly the undocumented elderly is rooted in a 1996 law signed by Bill Clinton and known as the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act.
While Clinton is responsible, his administration's tactic of targeting immigrants came from the mind of his advisor, Obama Chief of Staff, Chicago's former Mayor and now U.S. Ambassador to Japan, Rahm Emanuel.
In 2014 I blogged about Rahm's role in advising Clinton to borrow from the Richard Nixon playbook to win white voters by targeting immigrants.
It can be found in a November 20, 1996 memo from Emanuel to Clinton after Clinton won his second term.
"This is great," Clinton wrote on the memo.
Emanuel called for the President to expand immigration hearings in Illinois and six other states "to claim and achieve record deportations of criminal aliens."
"The GOP Congress wants to fight the immigration issue out on government benefits. You want to take it to them on the workplace.
"Since Nixon's Law and Order campaign, crime has been a staple in the GOP platform," he said. "Over the past four years, your policies have redefined the issue and allowed Democrats to achieve parity. The question you now face is how do we build on the last four years?"
Here is the Rahm memo:
© 2023 Fred Klonsky


text:
Get Out to Vote! by Karen P. Williams
The 2020 election process is proceeding during this challenging time of pandemic and quarantine. The country is in crisis and our opportunity to vote for new leadership is in our hands. Together, we must organize and carefully prepare to Get Out to Vote activities in our communities and select candidates that are going to represent us. It has been difficult to gather people, hold rallies, get our message out and motivate people to go to the polls in sufficient numbers. Strategies of success and inclusion are now being developed.
Registration Deadline for General Election October 13, 2020 (post received by Oct. 16th)
West Virginia Online Voter Registration Website
www.ovr.sos.wv.gov
Deadline to Request an Absentee Ballot Wednesday, October 28, 2020
Deadline to Return Completed Absentee Ballot Hand deliver Monday, October 2, 2020
Early Voting October 21 -31, 2020
Drive to Survive October 2020
Stroll to the Polls Saturday, October 24, 2020
General Election Tuesday, November 3, 2020 - Polls Open at 6:30 A.M.
Please feel free to contact me with additional GOTV suggestions or activities at 304-543-0248 or jkwms53@gmail.com . Let's make it happen.
Karen P. Williams
Black Diamond Baseball Foundation by Sarah M Warner
Black Diamond Baseball Foundation's mission is to increase opportunities for Black minorities in the sport of baseball by bringing awareness to the diverse history, reducing financial barriers and creating more accessibility for Black minorities and underrepresented youth to play the sport.
The Foundation was started because the disparity of Black youth and professional players within the sport of baseball is obvious from a personal perspective and statistical standpoint. By identifying three major areas of opportunity; education, accessibility & the financial barriers, we hope to change the current demographic of baseball, starting at the youth levels.
We began executing our mission by partnering with our local Little League chapter, Jefferson County Little League. We proposed, organized, and hosted Little League's first ever Negro League Day Celebration on July 11th, 2020, which also marked the 100th Anniversary of the start of the Negro Leagues. The surrounding communities were in attendance and showed an overwhelming amount of support and appreciation for what this event meant to them and their families. The opening ceremony began with honoring the Negro Leagues' history by highlighting some of the greatest baseball players to ever play the game: Leroy "Satchel" Robert Paige, Josh Gibson, & Jackie Robinson. We also honored the Black alumni of Jefferson County Little League and their baseball achievements during and after their Little League experience. It was also important to us to have "Lift Every Voice" sung prior to the start of this event to give young players and the community the experience of hearing this historically significant song sung during a youth sporting event. The two teams that played in the showcase game represented the Homestead Grays vs the Kansas City Monarchs. This event gave us the opportunity to educate the community and players about baseball's diverse history at a professional level and also at the local level.
Our future plans are to partner with youth baseball organizations to host educational events like the Negro League Day Celebration. We also plan to connect with schools to ensure that students are informed of spring registration for youth baseball organizations and are aware of other baseball opportunities within their community. Lastly, we plan to work with the city/county Parks & Recreation Board to increase accessibility to baseball facilities in their area.
Sarah M Warner
President, Black Diamond Baseball Foundation
I'm not crazy, but… by Dr. Melissa Albert
I'm not crazy, but…
I feel like my brain won't shut off. It won't let me sleep. Thoughts swirling. Re-hashing every conversation I had today. Wishing that I had said something different. Worried that someone is thinking that I'm horrible or not good enough. I wake up in the middle of the night with dreams where horrible things happen to the people I love. I can't concentrate or get anything done-- all I can do is worry.
When you are feeling like this it could be anxiety. Worry can be helpful and protective. Worry prompts us to plan. Worry keeps us from doing stupid stuff. Anxiety is when worry turns toxic. Anxiety makes us feel sick. Anxiety causes our brain to send danger signals, that trigger a rush of adrenaline. The true enemy can be our thoughts. The result is adrenaline when without an outlet, implodes.
Causing:
* the heart to race and pounds,
*our breathing to speed up and feel difficult,
*makes all of our muscles tense,
*our throats feeling like it is impossible to swallow.
Sometimes the anxiety is so bad that you might even feel like passing out with dizziness and lightheaded. Sometimes it's called Generalized Anxiety Disorder with or without panic.
How can I help myself? Breathing. I swear breathing is the best and fastest way to control worry. The adrenaline makes us breathe fast and shallow trying to get oxygen to our arms and legs to fight off the danger. It can be hard to remember to exhale. And a lot of times when people get worked up, we actually hold our breath. Really pay attention the next time you are nervous or angry. It's like your brain is going so fast if forget to breathe. No one likes to breathe into a bag. So, don't. The goal is to breathe slow, deep, and exhale fully. There are a million breathing practices. They all work to a certain degree.
*notice your breathing
*focus on one good breath followed by another. (Google 4-7-8 Breathing)
Other things you can do that don't involve a co-pay
*Meditate (some apps are free now due to COVID)
*Exercise, it's the best medicine for anxiety
When should I reach out for help:
*when anxiety becomes panic and feels like a heart attack.
*When anxiety keeps you from taking care of yourself
*when anxiety keeps you home from work,
*when anxiety keeps you from talking to your friends and family.
What help looks like:
Counseling. It is more than talking about your problems like you do to your friends. Counselors are your thinking trainers. You have to learn how to change bad habits of thinking errors.
Personal training. If exercise and meditation on your own aren't helping,
then, trainers, counselor,s and life coaches can help you achieve your goals.
Acupuncture. Eastern medicine is very helpful for anxiety.
Medicine (prescription and natural). Medicine won't make problems go away but make anxiety and difficult situations easier to manage.
Anxiety does not discriminate, it attacks all races, genders, and creeds. Don't let it control your life.
Put the salt down, get sun when it shines, fish oil is your friend.
Missy, MD
Doctor Melissa Albert hails from Clarksburg, West Virginia, and graduated valedictorian from Notre Dame High School. She attended West Virginia University and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology. She continued at WVU to complete medical school and receive a Doctorate of Medicine.
Dr. Albert first completed a three-year residency in Pediatrics at Wright State University in Dayton, OH. While working with children and families she realized that she wanted additional training to focus on emotional needs. She then returned to West Virginia University and completed a three-year Psychiatry residency. She also served as Chief Resident during her final year.
She worked at the WV University at Chestnut Ridge Center from 2007-2011. She worked with children hospitalized medically for issues of stress, anxiety, and depression. She then worked for Cornerstone Care a non-profit network of Federally Qualified Community Health Centers (FQHC) from 2011-2016. She then returned to West Virginia as she felt it important to care for individuals in her home state. She worked with PSIMED Corporation in the Morgantown and Charleston locations. She cared for adults, children, and adolescents providing outpatient psychiatric care as well as youth court-ordered to residential juvenile treatment. She now works at Wedgewood Family Practice and Psychiatry. There she provides outpatient psychiatric evaluation and medication management for adults, adolescents, and children.
21 years, 9 months, and 17 days by Frank Starks
21 years, 9 months, and 17 days in the military from 1955 to 1976.
I was in the Air Force for 4 years and the Army for 18.
I did 3 tours in Vietnam. I did 3 tours in Germany. I did one tour in Korea.
As an African American in the military, I went to Europe in 1956. Some of the white soldiers told the little kids that blacks had a tail. They could come around and raise the back of your overcoat to see if you had a tail. They also used the N-word. Little kids would sing an N-word song walking behind you. This all came from their exposure to the white soldier. Plus, the bars were segregated. This was after the military in 1949 integrated. It was not a rosy trip.
It was tough. Promotions: Then all of the sergeants in charge were white. Mostly southern. it was tough to get promoted. I went overseas with two stripes. I had a master sergeant Poe. He told me if I play basketball, I would leave with two stripes. three years later, what he said was true. I left with two stripes. some of the white airmen that came over, they got promoted to E5 and they came over as a PFC. I came over as an Airman Second Class.
I was a pretty good baseball pitcher. As a matter of fact, I was being scouted by the Dodgers. I had a little girlfriend from England. Every time I would pitch, she would come and see me. After the game, she would run out onto the field and hug and give me a kiss. As soon as baseball season ended, they shipped me out to Germany. Because they did not want to see that. So, it was not a Rosie trip. It was tough.
Promotion wise, I was probably the best-dressed soldier in my company. I could shine a shoe until it looks like mercury. My uniform was always pressed and clean, my buttons were always buttoned. I did not make a stripe.
In Vietnam in 1966, I was working in the motor pool as a final inspector on vehicles. My first sergeant, the senior enlisted man in my company, he and his buddy had been drinking and they were in the latrine. I came up late after final inspecting a five-ton dump truck. The first sergeant and his buddy were the only two in the latrine. They were on the right side of the latrine and I went to the left side. His remarks were "Yea, I don't see nothing wrong with a n*gg*r. Every white man should have two of them." I went off! And if he were not wrong, I would have been a private because I cussed him out. He was supposed of been lifted by the higher powers. He had to retire from what they told me. but they shipped me out as soon as they could after the incident. It wasn't two weeks afterward; I was on my way back to the states.
So, all these things that you had to endure. Among the black soldiers, on promotion day we had a Passover party. Because all of us got passed over. I had six years in grade as an E5. I was probably right in the middle because we had some guys that had 10 years who served a whole tour in Vietnam under this first sergeant and did not get promoted. So, he put a block on our promotions.
I had gone to school in Fort Carson Colorado for TAMMS. Tactical Army maintenance mechanical systems. Colonel Colin Powell was in charge. He was a G4 officer. He wrote me a letter of appreciation. it remained in my records. After which, I made E6, E7, and was in line for E8 if I would have stayed two more years, but I was ready to retire. After he got promoted, he left and went to the Pentagon. he got promoted to general. In other words, he was high up in the ranks of the army. So, they recognize that letter that he had written about me. that is what helps me get promoted. Acting first sergeant. I was in charge of transportation for the executive branch. all of that occurred after I was under his jurisdiction. That is my army story.
Impact of Kelly Miller School on Students (On My Life) by Michael McGee
My family moved to Clarksburg in 1944 when my younger brother was born; I was 2 years old. Do not bother with the math – I'm 78. My ethnicity and age dictated that I attended Kelly Miller School, the segregated school, from 1948 to 1956 through grade school and junior high. With the Harrison County integration of schools, I transferred to Washington Irving High School.
I indicated my age just to imply that I am in the homestretch of life, but also to reflect on some of the lessons learned during my lifetime, particularly things learned that did not come from books. I attribute most of those 'life-lessons' to time spent at Kelly Miller. Two of those lessons learned were: A sense of belonging in this world, and a sense that I could achieve any/all aspirations.
To be fair, it was not the school that resulted in those strong life lessons, but the teachers. I remember that a large proportion of those teachers earned advanced degrees. That had no meaning to me while at school, but on reflection in my later adult life things fell into place.
During my college and early corporate training classes in the 60's, there were few minority students – often only 1. Yet I knew I could endeavor because of that 'sense of belonging'. I had learned sentence structure and the conjugation of verbs, Shakespeare, word derivatives (Latin), as well as a background in STEM. All were helpful in classroom and training classes. Yet, there was a stronger sense that I could achieve whatever target I set. That was a reflection of those teachers from their discussions and lectures, not from a lesson itself. Philosophy and psychology are not my strong suits, listening was and is.
Kelly Miller and its teachers prepared me for life. I guess most of you feel the same about your school experience, but this was unexpected from a black, segregated school in the 1940's. The success of our alumni (some older than me) attest to that.
An Academic Activist by Dr. Philip Carter Jr.
Professor Philip W. Carter, Jr., MSW, is an academic activist with over 40 years at Marshall University and a total of 50 years teaching, administering and training in higher education. He has a 60-year legacy of social justice. This advocacy began as a basketball player at Marshall and simultaneously as a spokesperson for the student led Civic Interest Progressives (CIP) responsible for desegregation in public accommodation, establishment of human rights commissions and racial betterment on Marshall's campus and in the Tri-State community and elsewhere in West Virginia. Professor Carter has employed throughout the country sit-ins, wade-ins, share-ins, picketing, courts, education/information, voting, business policy, economic disruption and marches to secure Black rights. The Southern Governors' Conference March, the March on Washington, D.C. and the Million Man March are a few personal engagements. He has taught over 60 Africana Social Work courses. He is a founder of the Black Legends of Marshall (a recognition of 125 African American Athletes at Marshall in 1995).
At age 26 he was one of the highest-ranking leaders of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), one of the big four civil rights organizations. His education and experience at the University of Pittsburgh and in the community prepared him to lead Community Action Regional Training (CART) for 23 counties in Western Pennsylvania. His cumulative preparation in academia, the community in policy and political change led him back to his alma mater where he demanded accreditation of the Social Work department as its sixth leader in 13 years in 1980. Also, Professor Carter was founder of the Huntington Alumni Chapter making him a double charter founder in the International Fraternity, Kappa Alpha PSI, the first Black Greek organization on Marshall University's campus in 1962. He has received numerous awards and recognitions across the country and approximately 30 negative job, police, administrative challenges, court orders and arrests including one horrific gang of white police beating him in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Professor Philip W. Carter, Jr. continues in the pursuit of justice to expound and pound forward the gospel of persistent resistance to white Anti-African American racism regardless of cost and loss.
For Your Toolbox (8/9): COVID-19 in Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups
Author: Dr. Angela Oglesby-Cherry
Dr. Angela Cherry is from Clarksburg, WV. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry from West Virginia University. In 2002 she obtained her Medical Degree from West Virginia University School of Medicine. In 2006 she completed the WVU Rural Family Medicine Residency Program at Harpers Ferry, WV. In 2007 she completed a Maternal Child Health Fellowship at West Suburban Hospital in Oak Park, IL. Upon completion of fellowship she returned to the Eastern Panhandle of WV to serve as a Family Medicine faculty member. She has been teaching medical students and residents for over 15 years while practicing full spectrum family medicine. She has had the pleasure to deliver hundreds of babies in the eastern panhandle. She has also been afforded the opportunity to participate in medical mission trips to Rwanda, Guatemala, and Fiji. In 2016 her mid-career achievements were recognized when she received the WISH (Women in Science and Health) award from WVU School of Medicine. In 2017 she received a master's in business administration from the WVU School of Business. In 2020 she was appointed as the WVU Rural Family Medicine Residency Director.
When not traveling the world, Dr. Cherry enjoys relaxing with her husband, Wade and two dogs Rocky and Rocket. She enjoys being creative while actively drawing and painting with oil pastels, acrylics, and pencils. She is an avid card maker and scrapbooker with Stampin' Up!
Long-standing systemic health and social inequities have put some members of racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk of getting COVID-19 or experiencing severe illness, regardless of age. Among some racial and ethnic minority groups, including non-Hispanic black persons, Hispanics and Latinos, and American Indians/Alaska Natives, evidence points to higher rates of hospitalization or death from COVID-19 than among non-Hispanic white persons. As of June 12, 2020, age-adjusted hospitalization rates are highest among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native and non-Hispanic black persons, followed by Hispanic or Latino persons.
COVID-19 is a new disease, and CDC is learning more about it and how it affects people every day.
History shows that severe illness and death rates tend to be higher for racial and ethnic minority populations during public health emergencies than for other populations.
Help stop the spread of rumors and misinformation by providing information from trusted and credible sources.
Healthcare systems and healthcare providers should:
Use CDC's standardized protocols and quality improvement guidance in hospitals and medical offices that serve people from racial and ethnic minority groups.
Provide training to help providers identify their implicit biases, making sure providers understand how these biases can affect the way they communicate with patients and how patients react.
Provide medical interpreters.
Work with communities and healthcare professional organizations to reduce cultural barriers to care.
Connect patients with community resources that can help older adults and people with underlying medical conditions follow their care plans.
Health differences between racial and ethnic groups result from inequities in living, working, health, and social conditions that have persisted across generations. In public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, these conditions can also isolate people from the resources they need to prepare for and respond to outbreaks.
Many members of racial and ethnic minorities may be more likely to live in densely populated areas because of institutional racism in the form of residential housing segregation. People living in densely populated areas and homes may find it harder to practice social distancing.
Racial housing segregation is linked to health conditions, such as asthma and other underlying medical conditions, that put people at increased risk of getting severely ill or dying from COVID-19. Some communities with higher numbers of racial and ethnic minorities have higher levels of exposure to pollution and other environmental hazards.
People living in multigenerational households and multi-family households (which are more common among some racial and ethnic minority groups), may find it hard to protect older family members or isolate those who are sick if space in the household is limited.
Some racial and ethnic minority groups are over-represented in jails, prisons, homeless shelters, and detention centers, where people live, work, eat, study, and recreate within congregate environments, which can make it difficult to slow the spread of COVID-19.
People may not receive care because of distrust of the healthcare system, language barriers, or cost of missing work.
Compared to non-Hispanic whites, blacks experience higher rates of chronic conditions at earlier ages and higher death rates. Similarly, American Indian and Alaska
Racism, stigma, and systemic inequities undermine prevention efforts, increase levels of chronic and toxic stress, and ultimately sustain health and healthcare inequities
To protect yourself remember:
Wear a cloth mask every time you leave the house
Practice Social distancing
Stay at home if you are ill
Get tested if you are ill
For the Culture (8/9): A Good Idea!
Author: Charlene Marshall
Former council member and mayor, Morgantown
Former member, West Virginia House of Delegates
First Black woman mayor in West Virginia
Charlene Marshall did not set out to become mayor of Morgantown. But when five people told her not to run for office, she decided it was a good idea.
Marshall grew up in rural Monongalia County, the daughter of a coal miner who died in the mines. She attended the county's segregated schools in the 1940s and 50s, graduating from Monongalia High School. Unable to enroll in West Virginia University under the laws of the era, she briefly attended Bluefield State College.
By the 1980s, she and her husband Rogers were established homeowners in the city's Greenmont neighborhood. The area, close to downtown with a mix of Black and white homeowners and student rentals, was beginning to show signs of deterioration. "We formed a community group, and started to meet in my house," she recalls. "It was before we had air conditioning, so when it was hot we'd meet in my driveway." Their main goal was to get the city to take action against a handful of landlords whose decrepit houses were hurting the whole neighborhood. The group appointed her as president and spokesperson.
"We wrote letters to every member of council, the city manager and the city clerk. And I started going to every meeting to ask what they would do to help us. Meeting after meeting, there was nothing done."
The problem wasn't confined to one part of Morgantown. Neighborhood groups were springing up all over town, and several asked Marshall's help in getting organized and taking their concerns to the city.
An election was coming up. A rumor started that she would run for council.
Her phone began to ring in the evenings. "This was before Caller ID, so you couldn't see who was calling," she said. "They didn't say who they were. But four different people called me to tell me not to run. They all said the same thing – that a Black woman couldn't win in Morgantown."
It wasn't just white people, she recalls. She heard from several friends that some of Morgantown's small but well-connected Black community were not excited about her candidacy.
"What I thought was, if I couldn't win, why are you all so worried I'll run?"
Then a University professor who was active in local politics showed up at her front door. "He rang my doorbell, and stood on my porch to tell me he was putting together a slate. He had a guy for our ward already, so I should not run. I thought to myself, 'How far south do you think we are?'"
"That was the deciding factor for me. If they were so scared of me running, I must have a chance."
She ran, and won. When the new council, including several neighborhood group leaders from around the city, met for the first time, they elected Marshall mayor.
No one realized that night that she was making history. But a short time later, her friend Carolyn Bailey Lewis told her she had researched the records, and could not find any other city in the state that had elected a Black woman as mayor.
Charlene Marshall's term as mayor is remembered as a time of rebirth and regrowth for the city; the effects are still felt in the vibrant Monongalia County economy and growing population. Her successes led to several terms as a member of the House of Delegates, where she was a leading advocate for education, equal justice, and human rights for all.
At every step, there were people who tried to discourage her – officials from other towns who thought she was a waitress at a statewide conference, parking attendants who tried to chase her out of the members-only spaces at the State Capitol, other legislators who dismissed and tried to silence her. She outlasted them all.
"Most people are good, and I'm very grateful for all the old friends who supported me and all the new friends I made along the way. But I learned that you have to have a thick skin, and make the decision that you won't let people hold you back. If they are not coming along, you just move ahead without them."
2020-2021 WVBHF Scholarship Recipients
Congratulations to all of our 2020-2021 West Virginia Black Heritage Festival Scholarship recipients! We can't wait to see what their futures hold! This year, we awarded nine graduating seniors:
James Owens of Beckley, WV is the son of Clarence and Cassandra Owens, and a 2020 graduate Woodrow Wilson High School (Beckley, WV). James was not only the captain of the boy's high school soccer team, he was also a member of the boys track and cross-country teams. James is a four year honor student and an inductee into the National Honors Society, were he received certificates of achievement in math, world studies, English, AP Biology. James plays an active role in his church, and volunteers as mentor for various groups. He will attend Old Dominion University in the fall to study Computer Science.
Gia Marshall of Clarksburg, WV, is the daughter of Garrett Sapp and Drema Marshall, and a 2020 graduate of the Robert C. Byrd High School (Clarksburg, WV). Gia is not only a proud member of the student government but has also served as an I-Believe Ambassador, and Raze club secretary. Crowned as a homecoming princess, Gia was an honor student and an inductee to the National Honor's Society and the WV Rhododendron Girls state club. Moreover, she has played an active role volunteering for various charitable functions in order to support her community. Gia will attend West Virginia University in the fall to study Marketing and Merchandising.
Khori Miles of Clarksburg, WV, is the son of Kristi Schwartz and a 2020 graduate of Robert C. Byrd High School (Clarksburg, WV). Khori is a member and captain of the boy's varsity basketball and soccer teams, where he earned various rewards and was publicly recognized for athletic abilities. He also played on various summer league and soccer teams, and served as a volunteer at the Clarksburg Mission. Khori will attend Alderson Broaddus University in the fall, were he will study journalism and play on the men's soccer team.
Azaria Michaels of Clarksburg, WV, is the daughter of Ariel and Angela Michaels, and a 2020 graduate from the Robert C. Byrd High School (Clarksburg, WV). Azaria is a member of the cheerleading team that won six consecutive cheerleading championships. As an honor student she was selected for membership in the National Society of High School Honors, and The Congress of Future Medical Leaders Award of Excellence. Moreover, she has played an active role volunteering for various charitable functions in order to support her community. Azaria will attend Marshall University in the fall to study pre-veterinary medicine.
Franklin Bush of Fairmont, WV, is the son of Franklin and Tricia Bush Sr., and a 2020 graduate of Fairmont Senior High School (Fairmont, WV). Franklin is not only an honor student, he was also a proud member of the student council and he played on the football, wrestling, track, lacrosse, and swimming teams, and sang in the Madrigals choir where he received honors. Moreover, he served as a volunteer for The National Medical Convention in Washington, DC, the WV Senate in Charleston, WV, the Disability Action Center of Fairmont, WV, as well as the Union Mission. Franklin will attend Fairmont State University in the fall study Biology.
Anaka Whiteside of Beckley, WV, is the daughter of Dorian Dickerson, and a 2020 graduate of Woodrow Wilson High School (Beckley, WV). Anaka was not only a proud member of the high school's Art and Key clubs, as well as sang as soloist in the school's Honor Choir. Anaka has spent many hours volunteering her time within various roles in the community, as well as served as an ambassador for a workshop dedicated to preventing bullying and violence. Anaka will attend West Virginia University in the fall to study Political Science.
Elijah Iwuner of Moatsville, WV, is the son of Ngozi and Lorilee Iwuner, and a 2020 graduate of Notre Dame High School (Clarksburg, WV). Elijah participated on the boy's high school basketball and soccer teams. As a member of the National Honor Society, Elijah spent a great amount of time volunteering alongside of his father in building a seven-floor basketball gym and soccer field in Moatsville, and he considers this one of his greatest achievements. Elijah will attend West Virginia University in the fall to study Sports Management.
Josiah Baker of Oak Hill, WV is the son of Pastor Paul and Jada Baker, and a 2020 graduate of Oak Hill High School. As the President of the student council, Josiah was not only a proud member of the National Honor's Society, Leadership Fayette County, Upward Bound, and the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, and he also participated on the boy's high school track and cross-country teams. Josiah spends most of his time volunteering at his church, and he will attend West Virginia Tech University in the fall to study Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering.
Maliyah Cottingham of Clarksburg, of Salem, WV is the Daughter of Donald Cottingham and Meredith Baker, and a 2020 graduate of Liberty High School (Clarksburg, WV). Maliyah was an honor student for the United Technical Schools Honor Society and ranked in the top 10 of her class. She was selected as the BB&T athlete of the week and selected as Second Team All-County for her role on the girls' basketball team and was crowned as the 2020 Homecoming Queen. Maliyah is a very active member in her Church, as she works with her Church's mission, praise team and as a junior counselor for Church camp. Maliyah will study surgical technology in the fall at MTech Junior College.
WVBHF Year Around Community Leadership
The West Virginia Black Heritage Festival, Inc. (WVBHF) established in 1990, has been bright light in the community throughout the years. In the early years of the festival there was family friendly fun festival every September, as well as, a Youth Block Party for the youth in the community. The festival also had a health fair component where attendees could meet with United Hospital Center nurses and have free blood pressure, sugar and blood work completed. The festival also given over $200,000 in scholarships to graduating high seniors throughout the state.
The festival has always performed community service throughout the year in many capacities, such as, a fundraising golf tournament where the proceeds went towards the WVBHF annual scholarship. For many years the festival provides book bags filled with much needed school supplies to under privileged students in the community, coordinated free eye exams.
In 2017 the Board of Education donated the Kelly Miller School to the WVBHF. Since the generous donation, the WVBHF made the building the Kelly Miller Community Center (KMCC). The community center offers free programming, such as, STEAM Club, Youth Book Club, Family Movie/Game Night, Adult Game Night, Adult Book Club, Computer Learning Center, Kidding Around Yoga, and a Fitness Center.
In addition to all of the regularly scheduled programs the KMCC, the WVBHF hosts community events, such as, MVB Bank Credit Improvement/Home Ownership Seminar, Business Fundamentals Seminar, Improv Your Community Training.
The WVBHF will continue to provide a safe space to the underserved community members through programming and partnerships for many years to come!


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Fallen Earth
Greg Roth on Melee vs. Ranged Balance
Guest Writer Posted: Nov 10, 2009 9:12 AM
Category: Developer Journals 0
Today, we continue a new series of articles where we ask a number of different developers from a number of different companies to answer a question about MMORPG design. Today, we ask Fallen Earth's Systems Team Lead Greg Roth about balancing casting and ranged classes against melee classes.
MMO combat suffers from balancing casting vs. melee classes. What methods do you use to balance these two class types?
Using the term "classes" when discussing the player builds of Fallen Earth is misleading, as the AP allocation and knowledge-based system of the game means that each character is constructed to the player's tastes. There are suggested builds, created either by online character profilers or word-of-mouth, but ultimately each player chooses how they wish to mold their alter ego in Fallen Earth.
As a result, we do not have the same set of concerns that another game might have in relation to balancing our mutations and standard combat roles. Each is designed to work in harmony with the other, inasmuch as a player can build themselves to perform them. That is not to say that the balancing act is any less precarious; ensuring that all the moving parts of a classless system work well together has been likened to juggling four running chainsaws.
Other Dev's Answers
As the week progresses, other developers will be asked the same question. If you'd like to see how opinions differ either by individual or by company, please feel free to check them all out:
Monday: AoC's Craig Morrison
The three types of standard combat in Fallen Earth—rifle, pistol and melee combat—each have their balance points. Rifle combat has the not-insignificant advantage of great range, but the penalty that they receive to their melee defensive values means that they should either keep opponents at a distance or be ready to swap weapons on the fly to deal with a maddened enemy wielding a parking meter. A character specialized in melee combat can shred their opponents to ribbons with a skilled, unrelenting assault, but has the challenge of crossing distances to catch up with victims armed with ranged weapons. Pistol-oriented characters sit somewhere in the middle of the spectrum, able to expose targets to a withering hail of bullets and even close-quarters maneuvers. However, their range is not as great as that of a rifleman, and since ammunition is a relatively scarce resource, such behavior quickly becomes expensive.
There are mutations in Fallen Earth as well, which are intended to be supplementary combat and support effects, not as a sole play style. The myriad range of buffs, debuffs and direct damage applied through mutations are a large help in any combat scenario, though many of our players have also demonstrated a masterful ability to triumph without utilizing them to any significant degree. For those that do utilize mutations, combining additional combat abilities naturally creates a more offense-based character, whereas one who opts for support and restorative mutations will have greater staying power in a protracted engagement.
Additionally, because of the shooter aspect of our combat, the power and balance of a particular type of combat is extremely dependent on individual player skill. Weapon type and combat style plays a significant role of course, but for every reported instance of a particular style being inferior, another demonstrates incredibly lethal fluidity.
The process is endless, as any game designer knows. We listen intently to constructive player feedback and are constantly reviewing combat balance every time something changes, no matter how small. Every concern is noted and considered and players can be assured that any time a potential issue crops up in the balance of the game, chances are we also have spotted it and are taking steps to rectify said issue.


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8,850 - 8,900 out of 9,597 results
Comparison of the ability of phospholipids from rat liver lysosomes to reconstitute glucocerebrosidase
Basu, A., Glew, R. H., Wherrett, J. R. & Huterer, S., 1 Jan 1986, In : Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 245, 2, p. 464-469 6 p.
Glucosylceramidase
Creating a code of ethics: Report of the university of texas system cancer center m.d. anderson hospital and tumor institute
Eys, J. V., Bowen, J. M., Alt, J., Kolenda, B. J., Martin, R. S., Reiser, S. J., Shullenberger, C. C. & Von Eschenbach, A. C., 1 Jan 1986, In : CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 36, 2, p. 115-119 5 p.
Moral Obligations
Value of Life
DEAFNESS AFTER ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
Girgis, N. I., Farid, Z., Podgore, J., Hafez, A., Oo, K. T. & French, G. L., 3 May 1986, In : The Lancet. 327, 8488, 1 p.
Decompression sickness incidence over 63 months of hypobaric chamber operation
Piwinski, S., Cassingham, R., Mills, J., Sippo, A., Mitchell, R. & Jenkins, E., 1 Dec 1986, In : Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine. 57, 11, p. 1097-1011 87 p.
Disproportionate reduction of actin synthesis in hearts of starved rats
Clark, A. F. & Wildenthal, K., 1 Dec 1986, In : Journal of Biological Chemistry. 261, 28, p. 13168-13172 5 p.
Myosin Heavy Chains
Distribution of Ia antigens and T lymphocyte subpopulations in rat lungs
Simecka, J. W., Davis, J. K. & Cassell, G. H., 1 Jan 1986, In : Immunology. 57, 1, p. 93-98 6 p.
Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
Lymphocyte Subsets
Diversity in palmar pattern ridge counts among 12 Iranian populations
Kamali, M. S., Malhotra, K. C. & Chakraborty, R., Aug 1986, In : American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 70, 4, p. 443-455 13 p.
DNA polymorphism and clinical genetics
Chakraborty, R., 1 Nov 1986, In : The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 53, 6, p. 781-790 10 p.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
Effect of depletion of spinal cord norepinephrine on morphine-induced antinociception
Pang, I-H. & Vasko, M. R., 16 Apr 1986, In : Brain Research. 371, 1, p. 171-176 6 p.
Effect of influenza vaccine on serum anticonvulsant concentrations
Jann, M. W. & Fidone, G. S., 1 Dec 1986, In : Clinical Pharmacy. 5, 10, p. 817-820 4 p.
Effects of glucocorticoid treatment on cardiac protein synthesis and degradation
Clark, A., DeMartino, G. N. & Wildenthal, K., 1 Jan 1986, In : American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology. 250, 6
Effects of smoking on haloperidol and reduced haloperidol plasma concentrations and haloperidol clearance
Jann, M. W., Saklad, S. R., Ereshefsky, L., Richards, A. L., Harrington, C. A. & Davis, C. M., 1 Dec 1986, In : Psychopharmacology. 90, 4, p. 468-470 3 p.
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol
Estimation of linkage disequilibrium from conditional haplotype data: Application to β-globin gene cluster in American blacks
Chakraborty, R., 1 Jan 1986, In : Genetic Epidemiology. 3, 5, p. 323-333 11 p.
Globins
Linkage Disequilibrium
Multigene Family
Familial aggregation of cancer in Laredo, Texas: A generally low-risk Mexican-American population
Weiss, K. M., Chakraborty, R., Smouse, P. E., Buchanan, A. V. & Strong, L. C., 1 Jan 1986, In : Genetic Epidemiology. 3, 2, p. 121-143 23 p.
Fractionation and quantification of calcium-dependent proteinase activity from small tissue samples
Clark, A. F., DeMartino, G. N. & Croall, D. E., 1 Jan 1986, In : Biochemical Journal. 235, 1, p. 279-282 4 p.
Cytidine Diphosphate
Peptide Hydrolases
Frequencies of complex diseases in hybrid populations
Chakraborty, R. & Weiss, K. M., Aug 1986, In : American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 70, 4, p. 489-503 15 p.
Genetic Models
Frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopy, a new method for the resolution of complex fluorescence emission
Lakowicz, J. R., Gryczynski, I., Cherek, H., Laczko, G. & Joshi, N., 1 Jan 1986, In : Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 5, 10, p. 257-263 7 p.
Gene admixture in human populations: Models and predictions
Chakraborty, R., 1986, In : American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 29, 7 S, p. 1-43 43 p.
Gene differentiation among ten endogamous groups of West Bengal, India
Chakraborty, R., Walter, H., Mukherjee, B. N., Malhotra, K. C., Sauber, P., Banerjee, S. & Roy, M., Nov 1986, In : American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 71, 3, p. 295-309 15 p.
Genetic polymorphism and fertility parameters in the Aymara of Chile and Bolivia
CHAKRABORTY, R., FERRELL, R. E., BARTON, S. A. & SCHULL, W. J., Jan 1986, In : Annals of Human Genetics. 50, 1, p. 69-82 14 p.
Genetic Polymorphisms
Genetic Fitness
Genetic variation in subdivided populations and conservation genetics
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Homicide and economic change: Recent analyses of the Joint Economic Committee report of 1984
Brenner, M. H. & Swank, R. T., 1 Mar 1986, In : Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 2, 1, p. 81-103 23 p.
economic change
Hydroformylation of nitrogen-containing cyclic olefins via "in-situ" rhodium-phosphine catalysts
Prokai-Tatrai, K., Torös, S. & Heil, B., 11 Nov 1986, In : Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 315, 2, p. 231-236 6 p.
phosphine
Cycloparaffins
Hydroformylation
Regioselectivity
Impact of a videotaped dental fear-reduction program on people who avoid dental treatment.
Gatchel, R. J., 1 Jan 1986, In : Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). 112, 2, p. 218-221 4 p.
Individual admixture estimates: Disease associations and individual risk of diabetes and gallbladder disease among Mexican‐Americans in Starr County, Texas
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Inhibition of the antidiuretic hormone hydroosmotic response by phospholipids and phospholipid metabolites
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Prostaglandins
Interaction between actin and HMM
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pioglitazone
Actin Cytoskeleton
Interaction of dietary pudding with phenytoin
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Formulated Food
Interstitial fluid (peripheral lymph) lipoproteins
Dory, L., Sloop, C. H. & Roheim, P. S., 1 Jan 1986, In : Methods in Enzymology. 129, C, p. 660-678 19 p.
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INVESTIGATION OF PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATES BY FIELD DESORPTION MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Prokai, L., 1 Jan 1986, In : Journal of Polymer Science, Part C: Polymer Letters. 24, 5, p. 223-227 5 p.
Isolation, characterization, and assay of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
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Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase
Isolation and characterization of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase from hog plasma
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Dithionitrobenzoic Acid
Hexosamines
Isotope labeling ratios: a tool for the exploration of metabolic compartments.
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Cell Compartmentation
Isotope Labeling
Biological Models
Jejunal epithelial glucose metabolism: Effects of Na+ replacement
Mallet, R. T., Jackson, M. J. & Kelleher, J. K., 1 Dec 1986, In : American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology. 251, 5
Citric Acid Cycle
Pyruvic Acid
Learning deficits occur in young mice following transfer of immunity from senescent mice
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Shadoff, L. A., Prókai, L., Anderson, G. B., Gills, R. G., Porter, Q. N., Prókai, L., Bencze, L., Dillow, G. W., Gregor, I. K., Ashton, P. R. & Rose, M. E., Jun 1986, In : Organic Mass Spectrometry. 21, 6, p. 381-390 10 p.
Measurement of subnanosecond anisotropy decays of protein fluorescence using frequency-domain fluorometry
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Melitten
Fluorometry
Millon Behavioral Health Inventory: Its utility in predicting physical function in patients with low back pain
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Myocardial Contraction
Morphine and norepinephrine but not 5-hydroxytryptamine and γ-aminobutyric acid inhibit the potassium-stimulated release of substance P from rat spinal cord slices
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Natural killer cell activity and ultrastructure in myeloproliferative reactions in infants with down's syndrome
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Spontaneous Remission
Negative gold staining for electrophoretic protein profile interpretations
Budowle, B. & Gambel, A. M., 1 Jan 1986, In : ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA. 19, 5, p. 647-654 8 p.
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Silver Proteins
Silver Staining
On the Determination of Transition-Moment Directions from Emission Anisotropy Measurements
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Diphenylhexatriene
Peripheral synthesis and isoform distribution of dog apoprotein E. An in vivo approach
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Perspectives from a community-based research program
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Dental Health Education
Videotape Recording
Photophysics of derivatives of trans-stilbenes in poly(vinyl alcohol) films
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stilbene
Picosecond resolution of oxytocin tyrosyl fluorescence by 2 GHz frequency-domain fluorometry
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Photomultipliers
POLYMORPHIC DNA HAPLOTYPES AT THE PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE LOCUS IN PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF PHENYLKETONURIA
Daiger, S. P., Chakraborty, R., Güttler, F., Lidsky, A. S., Koch, R. & Woo, S. L. C., 1 Feb 1986, In : The Lancet. 327, 8475, p. 229-232 4 p.
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
Purification of biologically active apolipoproteins by chromatofocussing
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Apolipoproteins
Apolipoprotein C-II
Apoproteins
Quantification of lumbar function: Part 5: Reliability of range-of-motion measures in the sagittal plane and an in vivo torso rotation measurement technique
Keeley, J., Mayer, T. G., Cox, R., Gatchel, R. J., Smith, J. & Mooney, V., 1 Jan 1986, In : Spine. 11, 1, p. 31-35 5 p.
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