text:
On the Money With Maria Bartiromo
Squawk on the Street
First Business
KICU
WBAL (NBC)
On the Money With Maria Bartiromo : WBAL : January 27, 2013 2:30am-3:00am EST
by WBAL
five-year high. >>> i'll have any candid conversation with outspoken jpmorgan chase ceo jamie dimon. we'll talk real estate, banking, his pay cut. >> we had run terrible year. >>> and she's called the oprah of china. remarkable entrepreneur who runs a media empire and reaches more than 200 million people a month. "on the money" begins right now. >>> this is america's number one financial news program, "on the money." now, maria bartiromo. >> this is what's making news as we head into a new week "on the money." washington has a new watchdog for wall street. president obama has nominated mary jo white the head of securities and exchange commission. white is a former prosecutor with a reputation for toughness. she will replace mary schapiro and must still be confirmed by the senate. timothy geithner spent his last day as secretary on friday, stepping down after a tumultuous four years in the financial system. president obama's chief of staff jack lew has been nominated to replace geithner. >>> every time you turn around the market seems to be setting a new five-year high. the dow jones indust
five-year high. >>> i'll have any candid conversation with outspoken jpmorgan chase ceo jamie dimon. we'll talk real estate, banking, his pay cut. >> we had run terrible year. >>> and she's called the oprah of china. remarkable entrepreneur who runs a media empire and reaches more than 200 million people a month. "on the money" begins right now. >>> this is america's number one financial news program, "on the money." now, maria bartiromo....
RT : January 17, 2013 2:30am-3:00am EST
the federal reserve balance sheet and jamie dimon j.p. morgan's balance sheet central banks and commercial banks want the debts to be as high as they possibly can from what you're just saying because they can apply that fractional percentage point of fraud over vastly larger pools of capital you know it's not for nothing they're right six hundred trillion dollars worth of derivatives it's not an accident that the central banks have hundreds of showings of dollars worth of debt that all the major g. twenty countries are severely in debt that's where banks are able to fish for risk once profits the bigger the debt the easier it is for them to risk for risk profits they love the debt because it's easier for them to commit fraud and shock capital out of the system and pay them some huge bonuses now the other risk of course is that one day people will recognize what has happened to them and that risk we're seeing result in the emergence of a new trend which is the so-called libertarian communes now this is one of the things i have always maintained about the american school of libert
the federal reserve balance sheet and jamie dimon j.p. morgan's balance sheet central banks and commercial banks want the debts to be as high as they possibly can from what you're just saying because they can apply that fractional percentage point of fraud over vastly larger pools of capital you know it's not for nothing they're right six hundred trillion dollars worth of derivatives it's not an accident that the central banks have hundreds of showings of dollars worth of debt that all the...
Closing Bell : CNBC : January 23, 2013 3:00pm-4:00pm EST
, including her interview with jamie dimon, and he's all fired up about the heat that the banking industry is taking. his comments making waves all over the world. maria with jamie dimon coming up. >> also with us here at the new york stock exchange. the ceo of coach, lou frankfurt. big miss on earnings. that stock among the worst per formers on the s&p 500 which is ironic since lou last year was named the ceo that created the most value for shareholders in 2012. today he's biggest -- the biggest decliner among the s&ps. we'll talk to lou frankfurt coming up in just a few minutes here. >> and then there's apple. the earnings report everyone is watching and waiting for. some think this could be a watershed moment for the iconic company. we'll be doing special coverage when apple reports. >> let's show you how the markets are trading. no lip synching here. dow up 75 points, just off a high that was set a moment ago. up 79, but, again, getting ever closer to that 14,000 number which we haven't seen since december of 2007 and we're at about 400 points away from the all-time high which was set
, including her interview with jamie dimon, and he's all fired up about the heat that the banking industry is taking. his comments making waves all over the world. maria with jamie dimon coming up. >> also with us here at the new york stock exchange. the ceo of coach, lou frankfurt. big miss on earnings. that stock among the worst per formers on the s&p 500 which is ironic since lou last year was named the ceo that created the most value for shareholders in 2012. today he's biggest --...
Squawk Box : CNBC : January 16, 2013 6:00am-9:00am EST
as much as we can tell about the economy and financial sector, we will be obsessed with jamie dimon, if he didn't get as much of a bonus as normal because his pristine reputation because of the wale slipping -- thing we can find as members of the media. >> $6 million trade on a balance sheet of -- >> i don't know how much they made in spite of that. a lot. >>> speaking of the bank, another -- >> look who's here! >> and dressed normally, too. >> can we get the man a chair? he can't sit -- ♪ >> we thought you were trying on different zweaters. on a day like this, what is the right look for a young, happening, dashing -- >> what -- what -- >> you have time. don't do this to viewers. it's not that important. did you not get make-up? >> no. he didn't. >> look at -- this is natural beauty. >> you didn't shave -- you really think you need to be here that much that you can't get make-up? >> absolutely. >> taking one for the team. >> all right. >> speaking of this -- stay on us, please. morgan stanley will take -- you can get powder or something if you want. just headlines -- >> the women didn
as much as we can tell about the economy and financial sector, we will be obsessed with jamie dimon, if he didn't get as much of a bonus as normal because his pristine reputation because of the wale slipping -- thing we can find as members of the media. >> $6 million trade on a balance sheet of -- >> i don't know how much they made in spite of that. a lot. >>> speaking of the bank, another -- >> look who's here! >> and dressed normally, too. >> can we get...
On the Money With Maria Bartiromo : KNTV : January 28, 2013 12:30am-1:00am PST
. >> my conversation with jpmorgan chase ceo jamie dimon about his compositi composition, the housing market, and the u.s. economy. >>> and is the world big enough for two oprahs? i'll talk to the woman known as china's oprah who is a media mogul in her own right. as we take a break, look at how the stock market ended the week. >>> make no mistake about it, jamie dimon says what he says and means what he says. i spoke with the chairman and ceo of jpmorgan chase about the economy, about housing, and his cut in pay. >> news last week was that you took a pay cut as a result of the london whale trading loss. >> uh-huh. >> would you say now that this issue is officially behind you or are there still ramifications around the london whale? >> first, i didn't take one, i was given one. >> you were given a pay cut. >> which i think is appropriate. and the board had a very tough decision to make to balance the good of the company. we had a record year and a bad. we had one terrible mistake in the year. look, we fixed the problem from a financial risk for the most part. we've disclosed both the
. >> my conversation with jpmorgan chase ceo jamie dimon about his compositi composition, the housing market, and the u.s. economy. >>> and is the world big enough for two oprahs? i'll talk to the woman known as china's oprah who is a media mogul in her own right. as we take a break, look at how the stock market ended the week. >>> make no mistake about it, jamie dimon says what he says and means what he says. i spoke with the chairman and ceo of jpmorgan chase about the...
Countdown to the Closing Bell : FBC : January 23, 2013 3:00pm-4:00pm EST
jamie dimon leaving jpmorgan? >> i think jamie dimon is an example of how managing a corporation is complex as jpmorgan is impossible for the ceo to stay on top of the risk. he is still a very talented executive and i don't think we actually call for his termination. we wanted the company to do a better job with respect to risk. the question for other financial giants, are too big to manage? are they so complicated that they need to pull back? a continuing discussion in market reforms or position of the volcker rule in the u.s.? cheryl: it fair to say your position has changed? you have a kinder position when it comes to jamie dimon's leadership? >> jamie dimon is one of the most accomplished executives, financial services, his story with the london whale and $6.6 billion loss in that trade, could make mistakes. the question is what will the company learn going forward? he stepped up and accepted responsibility from that and that shouldn't be a refreshing novelty in government or business but right now it is. cheryl: i had to ask because the decision calibers make and resistance you
jamie dimon leaving jpmorgan? >> i think jamie dimon is an example of how managing a corporation is complex as jpmorgan is impossible for the ceo to stay on top of the risk. he is still a very talented executive and i don't think we actually call for his termination. we wanted the company to do a better job with respect to risk. the question for other financial giants, are too big to manage? are they so complicated that they need to pull back? a continuing discussion in market reforms or...
in for the final headline j.p. morgan c.e.o. jamie dimon pushes for banks to publicly shame him he wants the banks of publicly shamed him i think you must have read fifty shades of grey jamie dunn is down to s. of them and so flagellation all right jamie i thought you had become completely irrelevant but i see your stick and where they're going to be viewed i'm more looking for stacy i'm getting hot but look at you know that. you're all the fool who are doing oh oh you stay tuned for the second half of the spending with dumbo are on their of the devils to. welcome back to the cows the report max kaiser time now to turn to nick dunbar author of the devil's derivatives there it is the devil's derivatives get a good shot of this this is the book you gonna read also another classic instant classic inventing money next dunbar welcome to the kaiser report thanks much the devil's derivatives this is a key text in understanding how we got to where we are today because it goes back to rivet is and long term capital management which is discussed in this book inventing money also a key. point
in for the final headline j.p. morgan c.e.o. jamie dimon pushes for banks to publicly shame him he wants the banks of publicly shamed him i think you must have read fifty shades of grey jamie dunn is down to s. of them and so flagellation all right jamie i thought you had become completely irrelevant but i see your stick and where they're going to be viewed i'm more looking for stacy i'm getting hot but look at you know that. you're all the fool who are doing oh oh you stay tuned for the...
RT : January 17, 2013 11:00pm-11:30pm EST
in fact this mass comes back in for the final headline j.p. morgan c.e.o. jamie dimon pushes for banks to publicly shamed him he wants the banks have publicly shamed him i think you must've read fifty shades of grey. jamie dunn is down the s. and m. and kinky so flagellation all right jamie i thought you had become completely irrelevant when i see your stick and where they're going to be viewed i'm looking for stacy i'm getting hot but look at you know that. you're only. doing oh oh you stated for the second half of the spending with dumbo are on their of the devils to. nothing to live. for precious children. to die. to. come or. to come. to. come on my. block. the world. science technology innovation all the movies developments around russia we've got the future covered. welcome back to the kaiser report imax guys are time now to turn to nick dunbar author of the devil's derivatives there it is the devil's derivatives get a good shot of this this is the book you gonna read also another classic instant classic inventing money dunbar welcome to the kaiser report thanks months for
in fact this mass comes back in for the final headline j.p. morgan c.e.o. jamie dimon pushes for banks to publicly shamed him he wants the banks have publicly shamed him i think you must've read fifty shades of grey. jamie dunn is down the s. and m. and kinky so flagellation all right jamie i thought you had become completely irrelevant when i see your stick and where they're going to be viewed i'm looking for stacy i'm getting hot but look at you know that. you're only. doing oh oh you stated...
RT : January 1, 2013 7:30am-8:00am EST
positions of j.p. morgan good point i mean jamie dimon and j.p. morgan are the biggest terrorists and you know a couple things on the nomenclature side first of all it's funny because on wall street or in the finance business you use the word execute to talk about a trade the trade was executed and but you know there's a double meaning to that obviously because they're executing individuals or and this were terrorism i want to be clear i mean in the literal sense it's not a figurative expression in that they are literally terrorists they are any law that applies to anyone who blows people up and commits mass murder should be applied ten times to a jamie dimon as a terrorist full stop the fact that he's not prosecuted in any way means that obama means that david cameron are complicit with terrorism they're ok with terrorism they encourage terrorism and that for these populations in a in america are the u.k. if you don't want a terrorist running your country you need to get you need to regime change they've done that in north africa they're doing around europe regime change is another twent
positions of j.p. morgan good point i mean jamie dimon and j.p. morgan are the biggest terrorists and you know a couple things on the nomenclature side first of all it's funny because on wall street or in the finance business you use the word execute to talk about a trade the trade was executed and but you know there's a double meaning to that obviously because they're executing individuals or and this were terrorism i want to be clear i mean in the literal sense it's not a figurative...
coming up in a little bit. >> dimon roughed up a bit, jamie dimon's compensation takes a by the due to the hits they suffered due to the so-called london whale. >> banking sector did pretty well today. >> overall, and it was a merry christmas for ebay. we're going to find out. those earnings will hit just after the bell about an hour from now. holiday sales will tell the story. we'll have what it means, the instant analysis as soon as the numbers are released. >> first let's get you caught up on the market in the final stretch. dow jones industrial average down about 24 points. very much a steady administration for the last hour or so. 13,510, last trade on the blue chip average and nasdaq composite moving higher. real momentum in tech today. the highs are just, yeah, right at the highs right now with a 13-point move on the upside. nasdaq and s&p 500 higher by just about a point. is the dow set to break that five-day winning streak though? >> let's talk about that among other things in today's "closing bell" exchange. we welcome back our guests, including our own rick santelli and s
coming up in a little bit. >> dimon roughed up a bit, jamie dimon's compensation takes a by the due to the hits they suffered due to the so-called london whale. >> banking sector did pretty well today. >> overall, and it was a merry christmas for ebay. we're going to find out. those earnings will hit just after the bell about an hour from now. holiday sales will tell the story. we'll have what it means, the instant analysis as soon as the numbers are released. >> first...
Markets Now : FBC : January 16, 2013 11:00am-1:00pm EST
live. dagen: jamie dimon, his take is cut in half. the man still made millions last year. connell: japan's two largest airlines ground the dream liner after yet another incident. dagen: stocks now and every 15 minutes. nicole petallides on the floor of the new york stock exchange. nicole: let's take a look at jpmorgan stock. stock itself is really not doing too much this morning. jamie dimon saved the day throughout the years. he certainly has been under the gun and under the microsoft after the london whale situation. there is a baseball card of him. his annual bonus was cut in half. we talked about what the numbers were. the revenue came virtually and mine. mortgage lending profit did help the bank with their quarterly numbers. they are saying that the strong results were a reason to give jamie dimon a bonus in the first place. certainly, the london whale, is something that hangs over jpmorgan. dagen: president obama expected to announce his plan for greater gun control in this country in less than an hour. that proposal will include a ban on assault weapons, high-capacity magaz
live. dagen: jamie dimon, his take is cut in half. the man still made millions last year. connell: japan's two largest airlines ground the dream liner after yet another incident. dagen: stocks now and every 15 minutes. nicole petallides on the floor of the new york stock exchange. nicole: let's take a look at jpmorgan stock. stock itself is really not doing too much this morning. jamie dimon saved the day throughout the years. he certainly has been under the gun and under the microsoft after...
Nightly Business Report : KQED : January 16, 2013 7:00pm-7:30pm PST
c.e.o., jamie dimon. the board cut his pay in half as punishment for a more than $6 billion loss at j.p. morgan's london trading desk. but dimon will still pocket a $10 million bonus. add on $1.5 million in salary, and his total compensation was $11.5 million last year. >> we don't think it's inappropriate, what the board did. but at the end of the day jamie dimon is still doing pretty well for himself. he's not exactly living out of a refrigerator box on park avenue. >> reporter: at the same time, j.p. morgan's fourth quarter earnings rose by more than 50% in the fourth quarter, to $1.39 a share. that was better than expected. j.p. morgan, wells fargo, and other retail banks are benefiting from an improving housing market. >> it's a large factor. i mean, some companies are seeing mortgage growth of 50% over a year ago. it's a major factor. also, refinancing activity is very high right now. as housing prices have increased, that's allowed more people to qualify to refinance their loans. >> reporter: but goldman sachs is a different story. it deals almost exclusively with institution
c.e.o., jamie dimon. the board cut his pay in half as punishment for a more than $6 billion loss at j.p. morgan's london trading desk. but dimon will still pocket a $10 million bonus. add on $1.5 million in salary, and his total compensation was $11.5 million last year. >> we don't think it's inappropriate, what the board did. but at the end of the day jamie dimon is still doing pretty well for himself. he's not exactly living out of a refrigerator box on park avenue. >> reporter:...
First Business : KICU : January 18, 2013 4:00am-4:30am PST
by KICU
tech, airlines and debate whether jamie dimon deserved his pay cut. first business starts now. you're watching first business: financial news, analysis, and today's investment ideas. good morning. it's friday, january 18th. i'm angela miles. in today's first look: stocks on the rise. the dow caught a bid and the s&p 500 jumped above a 5-year-high on encouraging news from home building, which offset negative news from bank of america and citigroup. gold and oil also gained groud following the attack in algeria at a natural gas plant. intel took a revenue hit as earnings topped estimates. and today is the deadline to file caims under the national mortgage settlement. the number to call and the email address are on your screen. let's get a peek at the friday trade with john brady of rjo'brien. good morning, and the s&p 500 above a five-year high, john. can this last? what could hold it back? > > i think it is going to continue to last, and the reason is that the asset markets are moving in such a way where investors i think are just at the beginning part of selling bond funds and selling
tech, airlines and debate whether jamie dimon deserved his pay cut. first business starts now. you're watching first business: financial news, analysis, and today's investment ideas. good morning. it's friday, january 18th. i'm angela miles. in today's first look: stocks on the rise. the dow caught a bid and the s&p 500 jumped above a 5-year-high on encouraging news from home building, which offset negative news from bank of america and citigroup. gold and oil also gained groud following...
On the Money With Maria Bartiromo : CNBC : January 27, 2013 7:30pm-8:00pm EST
board had a very tough decision to make. >> my conversation with jamie dimon, about his housing market and the u.s. economy. >>> and is the world big enough for two oprahs? i'm talking with china's oprah. take a look at how the stock market ended the week. ♪ [ male announcer ] to hold a patent that has changed the modern world... would define you as an innovator. to hold more than one patent of this caliber... would define you as a true leader. ♪ to hold over 80,000... well, that would make you... the creators of the 2013 mercedes-benz e-class... quite possibly the most advanced luxury sedan ever. see your authorized mercedes-benz dealer for exceptional offers through mercedes-benz financial services. to the best vacation spot on earth. (all) the gulf! it doesn't matter which of our great states folks visit. mississippi, alabama, louisiana or florida, they're gonna love it. shaul, your alabama hospitality is incredible. thanks, karen. love your mississippi outdoors. i vote for your florida beaches, dawn. bill, this louisiana seafood is delicious. we're having such a great year on t
board had a very tough decision to make. >> my conversation with jamie dimon, about his housing market and the u.s. economy. >>> and is the world big enough for two oprahs? i'm talking with china's oprah. take a look at how the stock market ended the week. ♪ [ male announcer ] to hold a patent that has changed the modern world... would define you as an innovator. to hold more than one patent of this caliber... would define you as a true leader. ♪ to hold over 80,000... well,...
First Business : KICU : January 9, 2013 4:00am-4:30am PST
replace jamie dimon as chief executive. staley's jump is the latest departure from the once-tight top managment team at jp morgan chase. since 2011, several other confidants of jamie dimon have left the firm. from downmarket to high end. pawn brokers are turning into the new banks for the upscale. according to marketwatch.com, because of stricter bank loan rules, even the wealthy can't always access quick cash. the pawnbroker industry is responding and seeing growth among customers looking to tap into loans that can go as high as a million dollars and be made within minutes. the pawn industry made more than $15 billion in 2012. although they appeared to be a casualty of the housing crisis, jumbo loans are actually flourishing. as the housing market improves, banks are increasingly handing out jumbo loans to home buyers in excess of $625,000. reports say overall, lenders gave out $148 billion in private jumbos in the first 9 months of 2012, a 23% jump from the year before. getting the loans requires a credit score in the 800 range. target's special holiday promotion will become year- r
replace jamie dimon as chief executive. staley's jump is the latest departure from the once-tight top managment team at jp morgan chase. since 2011, several other confidants of jamie dimon have left the firm. from downmarket to high end. pawn brokers are turning into the new banks for the upscale. according to marketwatch.com, because of stricter bank loan rules, even the wealthy can't always access quick cash. the pawnbroker industry is responding and seeing growth among customers looking to...
Squawk on the Street : CNBC : January 16, 2013 9:00am-12:00pm EST
. jpmorgan posting better than expected earnings of 53%. jpmorgan's board cutting ceo jamie dimon's compensation in half to $11.5 million. this following an investigation of the bank's $6.2 billion trading loss. he respects the board's decision on this pay cut. interesting stories for both of them. of course, both of them a huge impact on the market this morning, jim. >> goldman sachts sachs is a quarter from the old days. people didn't think they could have a big return on equity. this was dramatic. the stocks, tangible book value has been something that hasn't mattered for goldman for a while. i think it's going to start mattering. cash on hand, i think you'll see a tangible book value. compensation for people, really down dramatically. goldman has reined in compensation, revenue's gone up, that's how you make a lot of money. >> the compensation number was higher as their number because revenues were so much higher. but you're right, they took it down to 37 from 2.4. i was surprised at that move down. yesterday's news from morgan stanley not to be overlooked either. stretching out basically gi
. jpmorgan posting better than expected earnings of 53%. jpmorgan's board cutting ceo jamie dimon's compensation in half to $11.5 million. this following an investigation of the bank's $6.2 billion trading loss. he respects the board's decision on this pay cut. interesting stories for both of them. of course, both of them a huge impact on the market this morning, jim. >> goldman sachts sachs is a quarter from the old days. people didn't think they could have a big return on equity. this...
Power Lunch : CNBC : January 16, 2013 1:00pm-2:00pm EST
the bank regarding its massive trading loss as well as comments from ceo jamie dimon. kaylatausche has more for us. >> fingering several executives in the process, the board cutting jamie dimon's pay in half as a result. but dimon says the bank has been quote, better, stronger and tougher as a result. the record net income for the quarter and 15% return on tangible equity. another uptick in number two. up 8% this quarter an 33% since last year. dimon continuing his bullishness on housing saying quote the entire gamut changed. he expects them to remain strong throughout the year as rates remain low. also a surprise to the upside, debt surging 79% since fourth quarter last year and assets under custody in the investment bank tripled to or i should say rather, topped $18 trillion. even so, j.p. morgan suffered from the same sector, scat loan growth and shrinking interest margin even as deposits grow. how is the stock cheap enough to buy in dimon says he is sensitive to the price even with a $3 billion buy back program in place. dimon asked the feds for smaller buy back to go forward t
the bank regarding its massive trading loss as well as comments from ceo jamie dimon. kaylatausche has more for us. >> fingering several executives in the process, the board cutting jamie dimon's pay in half as a result. but dimon says the bank has been quote, better, stronger and tougher as a result. the record net income for the quarter and 15% return on tangible equity. another uptick in number two. up 8% this quarter an 33% since last year. dimon continuing his bullishness on housing...
Closing Bell With Maria Bartiromo : CNBC : January 23, 2013 4:00pm-5:00pm EST
that very much. jpmorgan jamie dimon apologizing to shareholders for the $6 billion london whale trading loss, but he's also saying life goes on, and, of course, it's easier to say that when you still have record profits despite that big trading loss. >> coming up next, don't miss maria's exclusive interview with jpmorgan ceo jamie dimon. >> apple's crucial earnings release. can you not afford to miss that. we've got the instant analysis that you'll see right here coming up. with fidelity's new options platform, we've completely integrated every step of the process, making it easier to try filters and strategies... to get a list of equity options... evaluate them with our p&l calculator... and execute faster with our more intuitive trade ticket. i'm greg stevens and i helped create fidelity's options platform. it's one more innovative reason serious investors are choosing fidelity. now get 200 free trades when you open an account. nothing. are you stealing our daughter's school supplies and taking them to work? no, i was just looking for my stapler and my... this thing. i save mo
that very much. jpmorgan jamie dimon apologizing to shareholders for the $6 billion london whale trading loss, but he's also saying life goes on, and, of course, it's easier to say that when you still have record profits despite that big trading loss. >> coming up next, don't miss maria's exclusive interview with jpmorgan ceo jamie dimon. >> apple's crucial earnings release. can you not afford to miss that. we've got the instant analysis that you'll see right here coming up. with...
Markets Now : FBC : January 16, 2013 1:00pm-3:00pm EST
. lori: not too worried about jamie dimon, that is for sure. a man charged with stealing $400,000 in copy toner. and they loo look at some of ths and losers in an otherwise downmarket. the dow 30 component stocks mostly lower today although there are several positive performers. we are back after this. [ woman ] if you have the audacity to believe your financial advisor should focus on your long-term goals, not their short-term agenda. [ male announcer ] join the nearly 7 million investors who think like you do. face time and think time make a difference. at edward jones, it's how we make sense of investing. executor of efficiency. you can spot an amateur from a mile away... while going shoeless and metal-free in seconds. and you...rent from national. because only national lets you choo any car in the aisle...and go. you can even take a full-size or above, and still pay the mid-size price. now this...will work. [ ale announcer ] just like you, business pro. just like you. go naonal. go like a pro. just like you. we asked total strangers to watch it for us. thank you so much. i apprec
. lori: not too worried about jamie dimon, that is for sure. a man charged with stealing $400,000 in copy toner. and they loo look at some of ths and losers in an otherwise downmarket. the dow 30 component stocks mostly lower today although there are several positive performers. we are back after this. [ woman ] if you have the audacity to believe your financial advisor should focus on your long-term goals, not their short-term agenda. [ male announcer ] join the nearly 7 million investors who...
not gone away for boeing. michael dell has ordered one of them. connell: then there is jamie dimon and john chambers. you will be hearing from both of them in this hour. liz claman at the world economic forum. cheryl: stocks now and every 15 minutes. apple. nicole: i will show you apple in a moment. the dow, the s&p are doing quite well. five-year highs. highs that we have not seen since 2007. the tech heavy nasdaq, apple weighing on the nasdaq. are we almost at 14,000? we cannot believe it. what a five-year run this has been. ibm helping the markets along yesterday. today, apple delivering news that is below the analysts estimate. the shareholders are certainly disappointed today when they see their stock down over 10%. $461. the low of the day was $450. not a good day for apple while all of its competitors are soaring today. connell: the stock market looks pretty good. the economy looking better. john brown joins us. senior economic consultant at euro pacific. have we turned the corner a little bit? >> i think there is reason for some optimism. i think strategically the economy is st
not gone away for boeing. michael dell has ordered one of them. connell: then there is jamie dimon and john chambers. you will be hearing from both of them in this hour. liz claman at the world economic forum. cheryl: stocks now and every 15 minutes. apple. nicole: i will show you apple in a moment. the dow, the s&p are doing quite well. five-year highs. highs that we have not seen since 2007. the tech heavy nasdaq, apple weighing on the nasdaq. are we almost at 14,000? we cannot believe...
EarlyStart : CNNW : January 23, 2013 2:00am-4:00am PST
hobnobbing, talking to ceos and bankers and kings and princes. and jamie dimon, the ceo of jpmorgan, spoke this morning. what did he say? >> reporter: he said kind of what you were saying. the worst is behind us. we've seen increases in employment, increases in home sales, increases in the stock market. he was basically saying don't dwell on the past, stop being so hard on the bankers and by the way, that whole london wale thing that looked bad for jpmorgan last year, he's sorry about that. listen to how he apologized. >> i just want to point out no customers -- terrible mistake. if you're a shareholder, mighty apologize deeply. but we did have record results and life goes on. >> reporter: that was that big series of trades that cost jp more began billions of dollars he basically waved that off and said don't worry about it. he also talked about critics who say that the banking system is okay. jamie dimon has not only been golden child of the banking industry, but one who has stood up in defense of the banking sector. he said it's not opaque, it's complicated and he followed it with
hobnobbing, talking to ceos and bankers and kings and princes. and jamie dimon, the ceo of jpmorgan, spoke this morning. what did he say? >> reporter: he said kind of what you were saying. the worst is behind us. we've seen increases in employment, increases in home sales, increases in the stock market. he was basically saying don't dwell on the past, stop being so hard on the bankers and by the way, that whole london wale thing that looked bad for jpmorgan last year, he's sorry about...
banks doing that which will profit maximize for the banks anyway. >> when jpmorgan chase jamie dimon testified, this is oregon democratic senator questioning him. >> in 2009, your company benefited from half a trillion dollars in low-cost federal loans, $25 billion and tarp loans, tarp funds, untold billions indirectly through the bailout of aig that helped address your massive exposure in repurchase agreements and derivatives. with all of that in mind, wouldn't jpmorgan have gone down without the massive federal intervention both directly and indirectly in 2008 or 2009? >> i think you were misinformed. i think that is leading to a lot of problems you're having today. jpmorgan took tarp is was asked to buy the secretary-treasurer of the united states of america. the fdic in the room, tim geithner, chairman ben bernanke. we did not at that point need tarp. we were asked to, because we were told incorrectly, if nine banks take this tarp, we can stop the system from going down. we did not borrow from the federal reserve except when they ask us to. they said, please use these facilities. it makes
banks doing that which will profit maximize for the banks anyway. >> when jpmorgan chase jamie dimon testified, this is oregon democratic senator questioning him. >> in 2009, your company benefited from half a trillion dollars in low-cost federal loans, $25 billion and tarp loans, tarp funds, untold billions indirectly through the bailout of aig that helped address your massive exposure in repurchase agreements and derivatives. with all of that in mind, wouldn't jpmorgan have gone...
Closing Bell : CNBC : January 9, 2013 3:00pm-4:00pm EST
, harvard, '73 and a to tip o'neill, a former lifer bureaucrat here. instead of someone like a jamie dimon, and i think steve is absolutely right. i don't think there's a human being on the planet who knows the current budget and its issues better than jack lew which is exactly the reason i would say he's absolutely not my first choice for the job or the fifth guy in line to be president should anything happen to the other four because i think he's going to have a parental relationship, so to speak, with the budget and its process in trying to change it, and i think that that paternal instinct is going to be defending it versus, you know, actually trying to make a difference. looking at the budget even though we technically haven't had one. we've had continuing resolutions. i think we need someone that will look at frankenstein monster called the budget and not stick up for it but pick it apart. >> rick, you know, i don't think anybody in their right mind would argue for a second that a guy like jamie dimon wouldn't be the right, the qualified, the good message-sending pick. >> i don't think ja
, harvard, '73 and a to tip o'neill, a former lifer bureaucrat here. instead of someone like a jamie dimon, and i think steve is absolutely right. i don't think there's a human being on the planet who knows the current budget and its issues better than jack lew which is exactly the reason i would say he's absolutely not my first choice for the job or the fifth guy in line to be president should anything happen to the other four because i think he's going to have a parental relationship, so to...
and that loss may take a big bite out of jamie dimon's bonus. kayla is here with details. >> i'm told by my sources that the board is meeting today to discuss findings into the whale losses. that is spear headed by former exxon ceo and two other directors. the efforts started soon after early losses were exposed in may of last year. punishment of any oversight is of course compensation for ce o o jamie dimon and other top executives. more than $23 million, dimon is the most handsomely paid wall street executive. here is how you break down his pay package from last year. $1.5 million base salary which rose in 2011, a stock award worth some $17 million and cash bonus of 4.5 million. that is what expert say could be most susceptible here. now among the other components of dimon's compensation is lines of business. that could be scored lower to risk oversight on that whale trade. others is the strength of the balance sheet and return on equity. still, signs many penalty unclear. especially since the bank has record profit. adding anything to dimon's pay would hardly come as surprise
and that loss may take a big bite out of jamie dimon's bonus. kayla is here with details. >> i'm told by my sources that the board is meeting today to discuss findings into the whale losses. that is spear headed by former exxon ceo and two other directors. the efforts started soon after early losses were exposed in may of last year. punishment of any oversight is of course compensation for ce o o jamie dimon and other top executives. more than $23 million, dimon is the most handsomely...
forward. dagen: it was great to talk with you. be well. connell: jamie dimon is at the world economic forum. he has been taking on his critics are what he calls bad legislation. dagen: apple. the company reports after the bell today. we will set the stage on what you can expect to hear from the tech giant. will you be disappointed? take a look at oil today. it is slightly lower. $96.50 a barrel. ♪ twins. i didn't see them coming. i have obligations. cute obligations, but obligations. i need to rethink the core of my portfolio. what i really need is sleep. introducing the ishares core, building blocks for the heart of your portfolio. find out why 9 out of 10 large professional investors choose ishares for their etfs. ishares by blackrock. call 1-800-ishares for a prospectus which includes investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses. read and consider it carefully before investing. risk includes possible loss of principal. ♪ connell: markets up again today. trying to make a little money with our body, charles payne. charles: the market is at a five-year high. the rumors are p
forward. dagen: it was great to talk with you. be well. connell: jamie dimon is at the world economic forum. he has been taking on his critics are what he calls bad legislation. dagen: apple. the company reports after the bell today. we will set the stage on what you can expect to hear from the tech giant. will you be disappointed? take a look at oil today. it is slightly lower. $96.50 a barrel. ♪ twins. i didn't see them coming. i have obligations. cute obligations, but obligations. i need...
. cheryl: thank you so much for being here. great to have your opinion. dennis: jamie dimon bonus is about to get whacked after that big trading loss. we have not had. cheryl: gun store shelves cleared. you heard the president today talking about that. we are going to be live in los angeles coming up. dennis: first, let's take a look at the ten year treasury. the local >> i am tracy byrnes with your fox business brief. general electric is now complete. more than a year after the deal has been disclosed. the move is part of exiting retail baking. frodo once again dethroning general motors as the world's top selling automaker. expanding its retail service that allows customers to use the account to pay for items at stores. it includes radioshack, dollar general, it brings the number of retailers of 223. that is the latest from the fox business network. giving you the power to prosper. ♪ ♪ [ male announcer ] this is karen anjeremiah. they don't know it yet, but they' gonna fall in love, get married, have a couple of kids, [ children laughing ] move to the country, and live a long, h
. cheryl: thank you so much for being here. great to have your opinion. dennis: jamie dimon bonus is about to get whacked after that big trading loss. we have not had. cheryl: gun store shelves cleared. you heard the president today talking about that. we are going to be live in los angeles coming up. dennis: first, let's take a look at the ten year treasury. the local >> i am tracy byrnes with your fox business brief. general electric is now complete. more than a year after the deal has...
The Willis Report : FBC : January 14, 2013 6:00pm-7:00pm EST
report could be released this week placing some blame on the eo, jamie dimon. what could very well slash the bonus and that could put him at risk of losing the entitlement of highest-paid banker. he took nearly $23 million last year thanks to his bonus. if that bonus gets cut, who could take over the title of highest-paid banker. number five the ceo of goldman sachs took home more than $15.5 million according to the sec includes more than 10 and a half million dollars in stock awards. number four, a familiar face, lloyd glenn fine. his pay package was also thanks to stock awards. number three, jpmorgan chase, the head of the investment bank and while his salary is less, his bonus was nearly a million dollars more. number two, the bank of new yo new york, nearly $18 million is head of the investment management came thanks to the bonus and the number one highest paid banker, the ceo of wells fargo. his base salary is the highest of anybody on the list, twice the salary of jamie dimon. my two cents more and the answer to the question of the day, should prison inmates are allowed to su
report could be released this week placing some blame on the eo, jamie dimon. what could very well slash the bonus and that could put him at risk of losing the entitlement of highest-paid banker. he took nearly $23 million last year thanks to his bonus. if that bonus gets cut, who could take over the title of highest-paid banker. number five the ceo of goldman sachs took home more than $15.5 million according to the sec includes more than 10 and a half million dollars in stock awards. number...
The Chris Matthews Show : KNTV : January 28, 2013 12:00am-12:30am PST
with outspoken jpmorgan chase ceo jamie dimon. we'll talk real estate, banking, his pay cut. >> we had run terrible year. >>> and she's called the oprah of china. remarkable entrepreneur who runs a media empire and reaches more than 200 million people a month. "on the money" begins right now. >>> this is america's number one financial news program, "on the money." now, maria bartiromo. >> this is what's making news as we head into a new week "on the money." washington has a new watchdog for wall street. president obama has nominated mary jo white the head of securities and exchange commission. white is a former prosecutor with a reputation for toughness. she will replace mary schapiro
with outspoken jpmorgan chase ceo jamie dimon. we'll talk real estate, banking, his pay cut. >> we had run terrible year. >>> and she's called the oprah of china. remarkable entrepreneur who runs a media empire and reaches more than 200 million people a month. "on the money" begins right now. >>> this is america's number one financial news program, "on the money." now, maria bartiromo. >> this is what's making news as we head into a new week...
On the Money With Maria Bartiromo : WJLA : January 20, 2013 7:00am-7:30am EST
beat expectations but cut ceo jamie dimon's composition in half to $11 million because of the so-called london wl trarade which cost the bank $6 billion. retail sales were up more than expected in december, up half a percent. they ignored worries about higher taxes. consumption makes up 70% of the u.s. economic growth. the debt ceiling debate, presidential report card and quiet market rally. what does it mean for you money? joining us right now, jared bernstein, center on budget and policy priorities and chief economist vice e president bibiden. also with us, russ koesterich. thanks for joining us. >> thanks, maria. >> russ, let me kick it up with you. a pretty good rally. on thursday the s&p 500 hitting yet another five-year high. is this rally for real? do you think it's sustainable going forward as we continue through this earnings period? >> i think in the short term, it is. i think we're probably going to hit a road bump in february. the reason i say that is we've got a lot of flows coming into the market early in the year. people were nervous in december. th're coming back in to s
beat expectations but cut ceo jamie dimon's composition in half to $11 million because of the so-called london wl trarade which cost the bank $6 billion. retail sales were up more than expected in december, up half a percent. they ignored worries about higher taxes. consumption makes up 70% of the u.s. economic growth. the debt ceiling debate, presidential report card and quiet market rally. what does it mean for you money? joining us right now, jared bernstein, center on budget and policy...
Headline News : RT : January 31, 2013 2:00am-2:28am EST
send me this image and this is jamie dimon what he really looks like her she is a.
CBS Evening News With Scott Pelley : WUSA : January 25, 2013 6:30pm-7:00pm EST
investments. >> reporter: the c.e.o. of j.p. morgan chase, jamie dimon, said here in davos that he thinks the table is set now for strong economic growth in the u.s. the c.e.o. of coca-cola told me here "we're still walking on ice" but if his words "everyone now believes the ice is going to hold." >> pelley: but, anthony, the last financial catastrophe was because a bubble burst. and what are the chances this is a bubble in the stock market? >> reporter: well, i think, scott, some people are concerned the market may be getting a little ahead of itself here, that ordinary investors are rushing back in. but it is fueled by some very encouraging economic news and we'll get another barometer of where we are next week. on wednesday, the g.d.p. number comes out. friday we get the latest jobless claims. >> pelley: anthony will be back from davos in just a few minutes. anthony, thank you very much. well, the last time that barack obama and hillary clinton sat down together to answer questions it was in a debate in the middle of a fight for the democratic presidential nomination. they were at each
investments. >> reporter: the c.e.o. of j.p. morgan chase, jamie dimon, said here in davos that he thinks the table is set now for strong economic growth in the u.s. the c.e.o. of coca-cola told me here "we're still walking on ice" but if his words "everyone now believes the ice is going to hold." >> pelley: but, anthony, the last financial catastrophe was because a bubble burst. and what are the chances this is a bubble in the stock market? >> reporter:...
. the wall street journal reports a board is considering cutting jamie dimon's bonus due to last year's trading debacle, which cost jp morgan chase billions. the department of homeland security is still not satisfied that oracle has fixed flaws in java software - flaws that leave users vulnerable to hacking. the issue is with the jdk7 version of the java web surfing software. late last week, users were advised to disable the software. oracle provided a fix over the weekend. but monday, the department of homeland security's computer emergency readiness team said the software bugs remain and the software should continue to be disabled. oracle has not yet responded to this latest development. united parcel service is giving up its $7 billion bid to acquire dutch delivery company tnt express. ups abandoned the plan after encountering strong opposition to the deal from the european commission. the commission was expected to announce its decision february 5th. ups will pay $267 million to terminate the deal. swatch, famous for affordable watches, is polishing its brand by acquiring har
. the wall street journal reports a board is considering cutting jamie dimon's bonus due to last year's trading debacle, which cost jp morgan chase billions. the department of homeland security is still not satisfied that oracle has fixed flaws in java software - flaws that leave users vulnerable to hacking. the issue is with the jdk7 version of the java web surfing software. late last week, users were advised to disable the software. oracle provided a fix over the weekend. but monday, the...
On the Money With Maria Bartiromo : KNTV : January 13, 2013 10:30am-11:00am PST
. >> well, i think jamie dimon would build business between the community which feels a little bit alienated by the administration's first-term policies and mr. obama. but what they got is a guy -- not one of them, but does know the budget really well and the clearly the main challenge on the economic front for the first year is going to be on the fiscal front. insofar as jack lew has the trust of the president is in power to make deals, i would say that is is a positive. you do have to keep in mind he's not exactly the most trusted or liked person among republican on capitol hill. so that might actually make deal making a little bit rougher. >> jerry, what about all of these issues, you know, in washington. the debt ceiling fight that's on the horizon. is this going to impact the broad economy in the earning season, do you think? >> i guess this whole political thing is these are all the bricks in the wall of worry that equity markets are continuing to climb. you know, we know how to talk about these things, they're out there, in the media a lot. we follow them sometimes like a sp
. >> well, i think jamie dimon would build business between the community which feels a little bit alienated by the administration's first-term policies and mr. obama. but what they got is a guy -- not one of them, but does know the budget really well and the clearly the main challenge on the economic front for the first year is going to be on the fiscal front. insofar as jack lew has the trust of the president is in power to make deals, i would say that is is a positive. you do have to...


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Harvard Anti-Affirmative Action Lawsuit Reveals White Conservatives' Attempts To Use Asian-Americans As A Racial Wedge
Brian Hioe 09/03/2017 EnglishSeptember 2017Social MovementsYouth Movements
Photo Credit: Tim Sackton/Flickr/CC
A RECENT lawsuit filed alleging racial discrimination at Harvard against Asian-Americans due to affirmative action programs purports to be in the interest of Asian-Americans, but this would in fact be the attempt of white conservatives to repeal affirmative action programs to deny black and Latino students access to institutions of higher education. Namely, the present organization suing Harvard is the Student for Fair Admissions, led by Edward Blum, who published an editorial last month in the Washington Post arguing his case that affirmative action programs constitute a form of racial discrimination against Asians. Blum, also the head of the Project on Fair Representation, was previously legal advisor to Abigail Fisher in a Supreme Court case in which Fisher, a white woman who sought to sue the University of Texas at Austin for its affirmative action programs, alleging that they were the reason why she was not admitted to the university.
As such, this would be a case in which white conservatives have sought to use Asians as a means to front their own attempts to overturn affirmative action programs. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the Trump administration has gotten involved, with the Department of Justice stating that it would be investigating the case. The Trump administration rose to power through attracting white voters with a narrative of white victimization, particularly regarding claims that illegal immigrants were stealing jobs from hard-working white Americans, and this is another case in point. However, this time around, the Trump administration and its allies have embraced the tactic of using Asian-Americans as a cover for their demands.
As pointed out by many, media reports which seem to depict Asian-Americans universally oppose affirmative action are misleading. Asian-Americans have spoken up in favor of affirmative action many times, polling showing that roughly 2/3 of Asian-Americans support affirmative action. One also does well to note the means that "Asian-Americans" groups currently opposed to affirmative action have proved to be narrowly East Asian.
It is true that token notions of diversity as undergirding the liberal argument for affirmative action are, in fact, problematic, a form of commodifying diversity, and ultimately return to the structural failures of resource distribution in America's higher educational system. But, while the Trump administration, Edward Blum, and their ilk has been quick to leap onto the minority-blaming and racist narrative that black and Latinos lead to white disenfranchisement from institutions of higher educations, such disenfranchisement, if it happens, occurs far more often at the hands of the rich rather than from immigrants. What the Trump administration, Blum, and others instead are engaging in is the time-tested strategy of American white elites in pitting minorities against each other to maintain their own chokehold on economic and social resources, particularly in the age-old strategy of using Asian-Americans as a wedge against blacks and Latinos, a means of dividing and conquering.
One observes a forerunner of current controversy, for example, in the odd phenomenon of protests claiming that NYPD officer Peter Liang, who shot and killed Akai Gurley, a 28-year-old black man, in 2014 was a target of racial discrimination in his prosecution, never mind that Liang shot an unarmed man, and then left him to bleed out without attempting to assist. Such protests evidenced a large composition of first-generation immigrants and were in part coordinated directly from China—notably, one pro-Liang rally I witnessed while reporting on the incident began with musicians first accidentally playing the Chinese national anthem before switching to the American national anthem. When these groups came into conflict with second-generation Chinese-American and Asian-American groups regarding their view of Liang's actions, such individuals were accused of being "Han traitors." And, unfortunately, the strategy of pitting Asian-Americans against blacks and Latinos as a divide and conquer strategy sometimes does work. Oftentimes, pro-Liang groups evidenced racism against blacks and Latinos, with individuals I spoke to at rallies claiming that blacks and Latinos were thugs violent and discriminatory against Asians.
Sometimes when such Asian-Americans have in recent years proven willing to align themselves with conservative political forces, such as the Republican Party or the Trump administration, seeing Asian-Americans as exempt from the racism against non-whites of the Trump administration by virtue of Asian-Americans being "model minorities" and, in that way, perhaps seeing Asian-Americans as vaguely having achieved a status of honorary whiteness. And so, with news reports about Asian-Americans supporting Trump or his Muslim ban, one observes that Trump's vows of "Make America Great Again" did not seem threatening to such Americans in line with the view that this vision of America, conceived of in narrowly white American terms, would not be threatening to Asian-American model minorities that have achieved such a status.
Consequently, although it has to be remembered that it is a minority of Asian-Americans which are opposed to affirmative actions, what current controversies point to is a number splits within the Asian-American community. There is a political split between not only the left and right wings of the Asian-American community, but also in terms of generational lines, in which Asian-Americans who are descended from those who have been in the country for generations and whose families experienced the struggle for civil rights have a far different read on affirmative action than those who are much more recent immigrants, who perceive this as a injustice to themselves. As seen in present events, Asian-Americans of East Asian descent are also sometimes all too unconscious of how they claim representation for all Asian-Americans. One generally also suspects a strong class element to divided Asian-American views of affirmative action.
Pro-Liang demonstrators in Boston in February 2016. Photo credit: Liance/WikiCommons/CC
Indeed, apart from racially homogenizing views of Asian-Americans which prevail in white America, perhaps what this points to is that the Asian-American community and Asian-American activists also needs to think through the heterogeneity of the Asian-American community and the barriers which, in fact, do exist between different Asian-American groups. Asian-American activists can prove to have too simplistic conceptions of the Asian-American community in the hopes of building Asian-American solidarity between all Asian-Americans when there are a number political barriers which need to be overcome for future organizing. It was such that the sharp divides which emerged around the Peter Liang case were shocking for many Asian-American organizers when, in reality, this should not be surprising, seeing as this has been a structural issue undergirding Asian-American politics for a long time.
And so, while it is true and has to remembered that the so-called current challenge to affirmative action by Asian-Americans is, in fact, white conservatives using Asian-Americans to push their racist agenda of white supremacy, this also does point to challenges to overcome in future Asian-American activism. This may be the task at hand for Asian-American organizers at present.
affirmative actionAsian-Americans and affirmative actionEdward BlumHarvard anti-affirmative action lawsuitTrump administration
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Great article. I wish that all Asians whether new arrivals and old timers unite in fighting injustices, inequality, unfairness,etc evil acts by the ruling class. We must not forget the teachings of our sages like Confucius, Gautama,Gandhi,Rizal,etc.. We must not forget our past to move forward and not be divided by bad political agendas. As Gautama the Buddha says to this effect–stay AWAKE!
09/09/2017 Isa Rey
I'm a Black Canadian living in East Asia, so it was with some confusion and dismay that I looked upon the aftermath of the Liang/Gurley shooting and now this (purportedly) pro Asian anti affirmative action controversy. It's heartbreaking to see Afro and Asian Americans fighting each. 鷸蚌相爭,漁人得利.
Your point about the generational, class, and ethnic divides between Asian Americans themselves is well taken. I had held a rather unnuanced view until now. A 2/3 majority of Asian Americans in favour of affirmative action, and the understanding (in some quarters) that it is not merely for the sake of liberal 'diversity' gives me hope that cross racial solidarity on questions of social justice is possible.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Figure 1: Time courses of exogenous (red) and endogenous (green) attention orienting. Dotted red line indicates continuing attention for predictive or interesting direct cue.
Attention refers to the process by which organisms select a subset of available information upon which to focus for enhanced processing (often in a signal-to-noise-ratio sense) and integration. Attention is usually considered to have at least three aspects: orienting, filtering, and searching, and can either be focused upon a single information source or divided among several. Each of these aspects has specific properties that are discussed briefly below. Attention and consciousness are closely related although the two concepts can be both conceptually and empirically distinguished.
The simplest way to select among several stimulus inputs is to orient our sensory receptors toward one set of stimuli and away from another. Seeing and hearing are not usually passive, but rather, we actively look or listen in order to see and hear.
A prototype for orienting is the response of a dog or a cat to a sudden sound. The animal rapidly adjusts its sense organs, by pricking its ears and turning its eyes, head and/or body, so it can optimally pick up information about the event. Responses such as flicking the eye in the direction of a sound or peripheral movement, as well as accompanying postural adjustments, skin conductance changes, pupil dilation, decrease in heart rate, a pause in breathing, and constriction of the peripheral blood vessels, occur automatically and are collectively referred to as the orienting reflex. The most effective orienting stimuli are loud sounds, suddenly-appearing bright lights, changes in contours, or movements in the peripheral visual field that are not regular, predictable occurrences. It is as though we had an internal 'model' of the immediate world of stimuli around us. When we notice a departure of stimulus input from that model, we reflexively orient to that stimulus in order to update that model as quickly as possible (Sokolov, 1975). If the same stimulus occurs repeatedly it becomes an expected part of our model of the world, and our orienting reflex toward it becomes weaker, even if the stimulus is quite strong. With a change in the nature of the stimulus, however, the reflex recovers to full strength.
The overt orienting response to sudden changes in the environment is usually accompanied by another, unseen orienting response, the fixing of attention on the event or object that elicited the reflex. This unseen attentional orienting is called covert orienting. The combination of overt and covert orienting to an event usually results in enhanced perception of that event, including faster identification and awareness of its significance: for example, we can move our eyes to an object (overt attention) or shift attention to it without moving the eyes (covert attention). Although this hidden orienting of attention usually occurs in association with overt orienting, whether reflexive or voluntary, it is possible to covertly attend to an event or stimulus without making any overt sign that we are doing so (e.g., Helmholtz, 1867/1925; Posner, 1980; Wright & Ward, 2008). Thus, covert attention orienting is usually studied separately from overt orienting behaviors, although the two are surely closely related. The premotor theory of attention (e.g., Rizzolatti et al, 1994) proposes that these attention systems are supported by the same neuronal mechanisms, although a detailed examination of the behavioral and physiological data indicates that whereas the two probably share some neural mechanisms they are not identical (see discussions by Corbetta & Shulman, 2002; Wright & Ward, 2008).
Just as in the orienting reflex, abrupt-onset or intense stimuli can cause covert orienting, that is, they capture attention. For example, abruptly-appearing letters on a computer monitor capture attention and are responded to faster than are gradually-appearing letters (Jonides & Yantis, 1988; Yantis & Jonides, 1984). If such an abrupt-onset stimulus (a direct cue) appears about 100 msec before another stimulus (a target) in the same spatial location, the latter is processed faster and more accurately than if it had appeared in another location (e.g., Müller & Humphreys, 1991), presumably because attention was attracted reflexively to the spatial location of the direct cue. Attention that is captured reflexively in this way is said to be oriented exogenously in a stimulus-driven manner. Attention oriented in this stimulus-driven manner doesn't remain oriented to the attracting location for long, however, moving to another location after 100-200 msec or so unless the attracting stimulus requires enhanced processing or signals a high probability of a target occurring at that location. Figure 1 displays (in red) the typical time course of exogenously oriented attention at the location of a non-predictive and uninteresting direct cue . Attention also is drawn to the abrupt appearance of a new perceptual object even if its appearance is not accompanied by a luminance change but not to a luminance change that is not associated with the appearance of a new object (Yantis & Hillstrom, 1994). Thus, attention is drawn both to a new perceptual object and to its location (Egeth & Yantis, 1997). Exogenous attention capture also happens in hearing and in touch. Moreover, a direct cue in one of these modalities, say a sound, can orient attention to a location so that when a target in another modality, say a visual pattern, occurs there it too is processed more rapidly and accurately (Wright & Ward, 2008).
Part of the cue effect in stimulus-driven orienting appears to be caused by residual sensory activity from the direct cue itself, which also dissipates within 100-200 msec (Wright & Ward, 2008). Indeed, simultaneous presentation of up to 4 direct cues in the same display can cause cue effects at all of their locations (Wright & Richard, 2003). Nonetheless, the cue effect from a single direct cue display is larger than those from multiple cue displays, indicating that cue effects from a single direct cue arise both from orienting attention and from residual sensory activation, whereas those from multiple cue displays arise solely from residual sensory activation (Wright & Richard, 2003).
Figure 2: Subcortical attention areas of the brain.
Reflexive attention capture by abrupt or intense stimuli is implemented by a network of brain areas that includes the superior colliculus, the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus (both subcortical, Figure 2), and the posterior parietal cortex, as well as areas in the frontal cortex and of course the various sensory cortices. Much research suggests that an early model, in which the posterior parietal cortex disengages attention from a current target/location, the superior colliculus shifts it to a new target/location, and the pulvinar nucleus engages attention at that new locus, is roughly correct (Wright & Ward, 2008). Recent imaging research has revealed a more specific picture of the cortical parts of this network, which include the temporal-parietal junction and the ventral-frontal cortex, specifically the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, mainly on the right side of the brain (Corbetta & Shulman, 2002). Figure 3 shows in red this right-lateralized ventroparietal network involved in orienting to an abrupt-onset visual stimulus such as a direct cue or an invalidly-cued target. The subcortical areas of the network are hidden in this view.
Figure 3: Cortical attention areas and networks (arrow connections). Ventroparietal network (exogenous orienting) in red, dorsoparietal network (endogenous orienting) in green, sensory cortices in orange, interaction between parietal cortex loci in blue.
In addition to reflexive, stimulus-driven orienting, we can also orient attention to a location in space or to an object voluntarily (endogenously) in a goal-driven manner, often based on a cue that tells us where to look or to listen, for example a loudspeaker announcement that passengers from a particular flight will disembark at a particular gate in the airport. Information about where or what to look at or to listen for an expectancy about an environmental event, and we often prepare for the event by orienting attention to the location and to the time of the expected event (LaBerge, 1995). This advance, goal-driven alignment of attention enhances processing of the event when it does happen (e.g., Posner, 1980).
Goal-driven orienting is usually studied in experiments by presenting a predictive symbolic cue (such as an arrow pointing to a possible target location) as to where in space a target stimulus will occur, the so-called Posner paradigm (e.g. Posner 1980). Usually (say on 80% of arrow-cue trials, which may represent 80% or more of total trials) the target does occur there (called valid-cue trials), giving the subject an incentive to focus attention there in advance of the target's appearance. Sometimes (on 20% of arrow-cue trials when 80% are valid) the target occurs at a location other than the cued location (called invalid-cue trials). Finally, in some implementations a third group of trials (neutral-cue trials; often 20% of total trials or less) a neutral (as to target location) cue is presented. On these trials targets occur at random at possible locations. Under these conditions, targets on valid-cue trials are responded to faster than are targets on neutral trials (a benefit of orienting to the target location), whereas targets on invalid-cue trials are responded to more slowly than are targets on neutral trials (a cost of orienting to the wrong location). Such goal-driven orienting of attention is slower than is stimulus-driven orienting, taking usually about 300 msec to reach full effectiveness (Shepard & Müller, 1989; Figure 1, green line). Moreover, goal-driven attention can be sustained at a location for quite long periods, even several minutes, whereas stimulus-driven attention is usually transient unless goal-driven attention is invoked by a predictive direct cue or an interesting target stimulus. Goal-driven orienting is not automatic, and can be interrupted by an attention-capturing stimulus (Müller & Rabbitt, 1989), although it can also be sustained even in the presence of such a stimulus if the predictive value of the symbolic cue is high enough (Yantis & Jonides, 1990).
A specific network of brain areas subserves goal-driven attention orienting. The cortical parts are called the dorsoparietal network (Corbetta & Shulman, 2002). Figure 3 shows the right hemisphere of this bilateral network in green. It involves frontal regions, specifically the frontal eye fields (FEF), which seem also to be involved in voluntary orienting to auditory and tactile events (e.g., Shomstein & Yantis, 2004), parietal regions, specifically the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), as well as the relevant sensory cortices and subcortical areas (thalamus and superior colliculus, Figure 2). Moreover, this network interacts with the ventroparietal network (shown in red), probably through connections between the TPJ and the IPS (shown in blue). It is possible that the interactions between the brain regions of the dorsoparietal and ventroparietal networks are mediated by synchronization of their activites at various frequencies, including especially those in the gamma (30-70 Hz) and in the alpha (8-14 Hz) ranges (e.g., Doesburg, et al, 2008; see also Varela et al 2001; Ward, 2003).
When attention has been drawn to a particular location or perceptual object and then moves away to another location or object, it seems to be inhibited from returning to the original location or object for a period of up to 2 sec (e.g., Posner & Cohen, 1984; Tipper, Driver, & Weaver, 1991). This is called inhibition of return (IOR). IOR is supposed to promote the search for informative objects or locations, and it occurs within and across visual, auditory and tactile modalities, just as attention does (e.g., Klein, 2000; Spence & Driver, 1998; Ward, 1994), and in infants as young as 6 months of age (Rothbart, Posner, & Boylan, 1990). Although it is possible that IOR arises from inhibition attached to some motor process such as eye movements or manual responses (see Wright & Ward, 2008 for a review of premotor theory in this regard), recent evidence indicates that it is also possible that its neural expression arises during perceptual or cognitive processing of stimuli at previously attended locations (e.g., Prime & Ward, 2006).
When attention is oriented to a particular locus in space it is called focal or spatial attention. If it is oriented to a particular object, whether visual, auditory, somatosenory, smell, or taste, it is called object-oriented attention. But whether to a place or to an object, the extent of the attentional focus can be controlled in a goal-driven or a stimulus-driven manner (see Yantis & Serences, 2003, for a review of space-based and object-based attention and their similar cortical mechanisms). The greater the extent over which attention is spread, the less efficient is the processing of information within that area (e.g., Laberge & Brown, 1989). Moreover, the farther a stimulus is away from the center of an attended region, the less efficient is processing (e.g., Eriksen & St. James, 1986). This latter effect is sometimes called the attention gradient.
Attention acts as a filter, extracting more information from attended stimuli and suppressing information extraction from unattended stimuli. The suppression can be so great as to cause what has been called inattentional blindness, which occurs for all modalities.
At a noisy cocktail party (or any other kind) attentional filtering is rampant. People listen to one conversation, line of music, etc. and filter out the rest as 'noise.' Cherry (1953) used shadowing to study this phenomenon in auditory attention. In this technique, an observer must repeat aloud (shadow) one of two continuous speech streams. Close shadowing results in loss of most information in the non-shadowed stream except sometimes for powerful direct cues like one's own name or a loud noise, which can cause orienting to that stream. The non-shadowed information does get to short-term memory, however, and can be recalled if the shadowing is interrupted.
An analog of auditory shadowing was used to study visual filtering (Neisser & Becklin, 1975). Subjects shadowed one of two overlapping video programs with similar results: most of the information in the non-shadowed stream was not noticed or remembered. Like auditory filtering, visual filtering allows little of the filtered out information to make a lasting impression. Modern replications of this result have produced even more dramatic, and counter-intuitive, results, for example a failure to notice a person in a gorilla suit thumping his chest and cavorting around during a shadowed basketball game (Simons & Chabris, 1999). Even quite dramatic stimuli in simple displays can pass by unnoticed if attention is directed elsewhere. This has been called inattentional blindness (Mack & Rock, 1998). A related phenomenon is change blindness (e.g., Rensink, 2002), in which a scene and the same scene with a change in it are presented for brief periods separated by a blank interval. Until attention alights on the changed element it is not reportable.
Attentional filtering seems to be accomplished by the activity of the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus (Figure 2A) under the instructions from other, probably frontal, cortical areas such as the frontal eye fields (FEF; Figure 2B; LaBerge, 1995). The pulvinar nucleus is also supposed to be the subcortical area responsible for engaging attention, and it shows elevated activity when attention must be used to filter out distracting stimuli (e.g., Corbetta, et al., 1991; Laberge & Buchsbaum, 1990). The effect of attending to a specific stimulus on neural activity is manifest quite early in sensory processing and includes both enhanced response to the attended stimulus and inhibited response to other, unattended stimuli. For example, in vision, Moran and Desimone (1985) showed that responses in monkeys' visual area V4 to the same stimulus depended greatly on whether it was attended or ignored. Appropriate attended stimuli in the receptive field of a V4 neuron received a vigorous response that was dramatically reduced when that same stimulus had to be ignored. Similarly, attending to a specific feature of objects in the visual field generates more vigorous responses from the neurons in monkey V4 tuned to those features than it does when attention is directed to other features of the same objects (see review by Maunsell and Treue, 2006). Moreover, gamma-band synchronization of neural responses from different neurons in V4 to the same stimulus is increased by selective attention, whereas synchronization in the alpha-band is decreased, possibly serving to amplify the signal generated by the attended stimuli relative to that generated by distractors (Fries et al, 2001). A good review of these mechanisms that is still current is Kastener and Ungerleider (2000).
Dividing attention between two (or more) sources is very difficult. For instance, people can't easily listen to two simultaneous audio streams or view two overlapping videos while detecting target events in each, especially when the two sources are spatially separated. Sometimes two aspects of a single object can be attended to successfully, but if the two aspects characterize two spatially separated objects performance is worse in divided attention conditions (Bonnel & Prinzmetal, 1998). It is also easier to divide attention between information streams in two different sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing, but if the task is more difficult than simply detecting occasional stimuli in those channels performance is still worse than if attending to only one channel (e.g., Bonnel & Hafter, 1998). When the task is more difficult, only if the task in one modality, say typing by an expert typist, can be performed automatically can attention be divided without a performance decrement, and then only if the response modalities are similarly different (e.g., expert typist typing a text – visual/manual while making a verbal response whenever they hear their name in an auditory channel – auditory/verbal).
When we know what we are looking for but don't know where to find it we must search for it. Attention is importantly involved in this search, and search experiments have yielded much information about its mechanisms.
When observers are presented with a field of items to search for a particular target, they can perform the search very quickly, and in roughly the same time regardless of the number of non-target items, if the target differs from the non-targets in a single feature; this is called easy/pop-out/parallel search (Figure 4, green line). If the searcher must detect a conjunction of features, however, the search is slow, and the time to find the target increases linearly with the number of non-targets; this is called difficult/serial search (Figure 4, red line). Easy search could be accomplished by simply detecting the presence of activation in a particular one of the feature maps generated by sensory processing (feature maps are sheets of visual cortex in which activity of particular neurons signals the presence of a particular feature, such as a slanted line, on the retina). This can be done without orienting attention to any one specific item in the field. On the other hand difficult search seems to require focusing attention on each item in turn, which slows the search and makes the overall search time dependent on the number of non-target items (e.g., Woodman & Luck, 1999). Feature integration theory (e.g., Treisman & Gelade, 1980) explains these data by assuming that the binding of features together into a perceptual object requires focal attention to a particular locus. This is not the full story, however, because conjunctions of simple features sometimes also result in a very rapid search (e.g., Wolfe et al, 1989), and attention can be oriented sequentially to items in easy searches and to individual features in conjunction searches (Kim & Cave, 1995).
Figure 4: Idealized search functions for difficult and/or controlled search (red line) and easy and/or automatic search (green line).
Much practice on a difficult search task that always demands the same response for a given stimulus gradually turns the process from controlled search, in which search time is a function of the number of items in the search set, to automatic search, in which search time is roughly independent of the number of items in the search set (e.g., Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977; Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977). Search functions for controlled and automatic search resemble those for easy and difficult search (Figure 4). A common explanation for the process of automatization is that attention is slowly withdrawn from task control with increasing practice, until the process requires only a minimal amount and is said to be automatic. In automatic search responses are ballistic, so that they are difficult to inhibit, and also aren't remembered very well. Many attention lapses in daily life can result from such automatic responses (e.g., Reason, 1984). On the other hand, automatic processing does enable better divided attention performance.
Each of the major aspects of attention, orienting, filtering, and search, has spawned numerous theories, both at the psychological and at the neurological level. Early theories, focused on filtering, claimed that information processing in the brain was structurally limited, with an early filter based on physical characteristics such as location and spectral content, that allowed only a selected few stimuli past it (e.g., Broadbent, 1958). Demonstrations that at least some processing is done even on the rejected channels led to the rejection of these early selection theories in favor of late selection theories that hypothesized that all sensory information receives preliminary analysis. The processing bottleneck instead occurs just before entry into longer lasting memory (e.g., Deutsch & Deutsch, 1963). There is physiological evidence favoring both approaches and probably both occur in different circumstances (e.g., Pashler, 1996).
Failures of divided attention have led to the idea that attention is a limited resource that, being demanded by one task, is unavailable for another (e.g., Kahneman, 1973). The demonstration that time sharing among perceptual or cognitive tasks is possible, especially if one is overlearned, or automatic, on the other hand has led to the idea that there are multiple attentional resources, and that these can be divided among tasks providing there are no conflicts (e.g., Wickens, 1984). According to this approach, central resources (such as encoding, comparing, remembering) interact with spatial and verbal codes, the sensory modalities, and the response systems to constrain performance. This approach has been criticized as being too flexible (e.g., Navon, 1984), although the idea of limited attentional resources is still used widely.
Finally, there are other models that attempt to capture particular aspects of attention in computational or mathematical frameworks. The episodic theory of Sperling and Weichselgartner (1995) is particularly general, and accommodates a variety of possible mechanisms. In this approach, general transition functions of time are assumed for attention movement and onset and offset at particular locations. These temporal functions refer to an attention spotlight that can have a variety of characteristics such as extent and intensity. Thus the theory can accommodate a variety of results from studies of all of the aspects discussed earlier. More recently, Taylor (e.g., Taylor & Rodgers, 2002, CODAM Model) has proposed a control model of attention movement that is expressed as a neural network and that is neurophysiologically realistic. There are also theories of attentional oscillations and the entrainment of attentional focus to rhythmical events such as music (e.g., Large & Jones, 1999). These dynamical theories are also mathematical, since the description of oscillators is. None of these theories has yet gained universal acceptance. Follow the links below to reach discussions of several specific theories.
Figure 5: Two models of the relationship between attention and consciousness.
Attention is closely related to consciousness. Both are integrative and yet also selective. Inattentional blindness seems to indicate that items not in attention are not consciously perceived. Indeed so close is this relationship that Taylor's CODAM model of attention is asserted also to provide, through the corollary discharge of the attention control signals, two important aspects of consciousness, viz. the sense of ownership of the conscious experience and its immunity to error though misidentification. Nonetheless, the two concepts are differentiable. Attention is usually conceptualized as the boosting of signal-to-noise ratio both through inhibition of processing of unattended stimuli and through enhanced processing of attended stimuli. Consciousness refers primarily to phenomenal experience itself, and secondarily to aspects of that experience such as its wholeness, its feeling of self-ownership (first-person ontogeny), the ability to report its contents verbally or in other ways, and the awareness of being conscious (metaconsciousness). There are several models of the relationship between attention and primary, or phenomenal, consciousness, including that assumed by Taylor and most others in which cognitive material (sensations, perceptions, cognitions, memories, etc.) are either attended or unattended, with the attended items being experienced and also reportable, etc. (Figure 5, top). One competing model, among others, has all cognitive material being either conscious or unconscious, with attention selecting some of the conscious material for enhanced processing, rendering it reportable (Figure 5, bottom; e.g., Lamme, 2003). Lamme's model assumes that all reentrant neural processing gives rise to conscious experience but that only experience selected by attention is reportable. This implies that there can be consciousness without attention but that only conscious material can be attended to. In contrast, Koch and Tsuchiya (2007) adduce evidence for a more complete dissociation between the two, that is, for attention both with and without consciousness, and consciousness both with and without attention. In this latter view, attention and consciousness are separate processes in the brain but have close links. As yet there is no definitive way to choose among these models.
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