text:
Non-Financial Incentives
Motivation and Satisfaction Among Community Health Workers in Morogoro Region, Tanzania: Nuanced Needs and Varied Ambitions
In 2012, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW), Tanzania, approved national guidelines and training materials for community health workers (CHWs) in integrated maternal, newborn and child health (Integrated MNCH), with CHWs trained and deployed across five districts of Morogoro Region soon after. To inform future scale up, this study assessed motivation and satisfaction among these CHWs. [from abstract]
Improving Benchmarks for Key Health Service Delivery Areas: Evaluation of Demonstration Sites Interventions
The main objective of the evaluation was to conduct a review of the support given by the Capacity Kenya Project at the selected demonstration sites and their contribution to the health worker productivity and/or retention. [from introduction]
Incentives for non-physician health professionals to work in the rural and remote areas of Mozambique—a discrete choice experiment for eliciting job preferences
Successfully motivating and retaining health workers is critical for the effective performance of health systems. In Mozambique, a shortage of health care professionals and low levels of staff motivation in rural and remote areas pose challenges to the provision of equitable health care delivery.
Wage-Setting in the Hospital Sector
This paper examines wage setting mechanisms for health workers in hospitals across eight different OECD countries. It describes similarities and differences and how fixed or fluid these approaches have been in recent years through health system reforms, labour market dynamics and economic pressures. [from abstract]
Assessment of Non-Financial Incentives for Volunteer Community Health Workers – The Case of Wukro District, Tigray, Ethiopia
Volunteer community health workers (VCHW) are health care providers who are trained but do not
have any professional certification. They are intended to fill the gap for unmet curative, preventative, and health promotion health needs of communities. This study aims to investigate the non-financial incentives for VCHWs and factors affecting their motivation. [from abstract]
Pay for Performance: An Analysis of the Context of Implementation In A Pilot Project in Tanzania
Staff Performance Assessment
Pay for performance schemes are increasingly being implemented in low income countries to improve health service coverage and quality. This paper describes the context within which a pay for performance programme was introduced in Tanzania and discusses the potential for pay for performance to address health system constraints to meeting targets. [from abstract]
Establishing Sustainable Performance-Based Incentive Schemes: Views of Rural Health Workers from Qualitative Research in Three Sub-Saharan African Countries
Performance-based incentives (PBIs) are currently receiving attention as a strategy for improving the quality of care that health providers deliver. Experiences from several African countries have shown that PBIs can trigger improvements, particularly in the area of maternal and neonatal health. The involvement of health workers in deciding how their performance should be measured is recommended. Only limited information is available about how such schemes can be made sustainable. [from introduction]
Why Do Some Physicians in Portuguese-Speaking African Countries Work Exclusively for the Private Sector? Findings From a Mixed-Methods Study
Despite the growing interest in the private health sector in low- and middle-income countries, little is known about physicians working outside the public sector. The paper's objective is to contribute to the understanding of such physicians, ultimately informing the policies regulating the medical profession in low- and middle-income countries. [adapted from abstract]
An Investigation of Staff Turnover at a Private Healthcare Provider in the Kavango Region, Namibia
Rural/Urban Imbalance
The study sought to investigate the factors contributing to the high turnover of clinical staff at two Catholic Health Services (CHS) hospitals of Andara and Nyangana in the Kavango region of Namibia. The conceptual framework, factors related to the decision to stay in or leave rural and remote areas, was adapted from Henderson and Tulloch (2008) and guided this study. [from abstract]
Context Analysis: Close-to-Community Providers in Mozambique
This report combines findings from a desk review,a mapping of [Close-to-Community] CTC providers and data collected during qualitative explorations carried out in two selected districts of Maputo Province as part of the context analysis. [from introduction]
Which Incentive Package Will Retain Regionalized Health Personnel in Burkina Faso: A Discrete Choice Experiment
The objective of the study was to identify a package for attracting and retaining health workers in underserved areas. [from abstract]
Should I stay or should I go? The Impact of Working Time and Wages on Retention in the Health Workforce
Inspired by the observation that providing care is based on the duration of practices, tasks and processes (issues of time) rather than exchange values (wages), this paper focuses on the influence of working-time characteristics and wages on an employee's intention to stay. [from abstract]
Pay-for-Performance, Motivation and Final Output in the Health Sector: Experimental Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo
DR of Congo
The pap er studies the effects of a financing mechanism for the health sector in which governmental payment to health facilities is contingent up on the number of patients for some predetermined health services, as opposed to a fixed payment. [from abstract]
Using Incentives to Attract Nurses to Remote Areas of Tanzania: A Contingent Valuation Study
This article analyses (1) how financial incentives (salary top-ups) and non-financial incentives (housing and education) affect nurses' willingness to work in remote areas of Tanzania and (2) how the magnitude of the incentives needed to attract health workers varies with the nurses' geographic origin and their intrinsic motivation. [from abstract]
Rural Allied Health Scholarships: Do They Make a Difference?
Specifically this study aimed to examine the profile of the QHRSS-AH recipients from 2000 to 2010 including graduate recruitment outcomes and retention within the scholarship program. It also explored the influence of the QHRSS-AH on early career practice location decisions and the features of the scheme that influenced motivation to be involved as either a scholarship holder or manager, perceived barriers to employment of scholarship holders in rural or remote services, experiences of scholarship holders as new graduates in rural and remote services and views on support requirements.
Performance-Based Financing as a Health System Reform: Mapping the Key Dimensions for Monitoring and Evaluation
This paper presents a framework for assessing the interactions between performance-based financing (meaning performance-based incentives are earned by service providers) and health systems, focusing on low and middle income countries in order to develop a framework for monitoring and evaluating health system reforms in general. [adapted from author]
Annotated Literature Review: African Actors, Global Health Governance and Performance-Based Funding
This review highlights the key strengths and weaknesses associated with performance-based funding (PBF) schemes in their use in low- and middle-income countries. It illustrates the theoretical thinking behind PBF implementation. It also seeks to draw out analysis of the role of African actors in global health diplomacy and decision-making surrounding PBF. [from summary]
Getting Doctors into the Bush: General Practitioners' Preferences for Rural Location
The aim of this study is to examine the preferences of general practitioners (GPs) for rural location using a discrete choice experiment to estimate the probabilities of moving to a rural area, and the size of financial incentives GPs would require to move there. [adapted from abstract]
Migration of South African Health Workers: The Extent to Which Financial Considerations Influence Internal Flows and External Movements
This study investigates the causes of migration focusing on the role of salaries and benefits. Health professionals from public, private and non-governmental health facilities located in selected peri-urban and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were surveyed about their current positions and attitudes toward migration. [from abstract]
Protocol for the Evaluation of a Pay for Performance Programme in Pwani Region in Tanzania: A Controlled Before and After Study
This protocol outlines a controlled before and after study that will examine the effect of a pay-for-performance incentive program on quality, coverage, and cost of targeted maternal and newborn healthcare services and selected non-targeted services at facilities in Tanzania. [adapted from abstract]
How to Recruit and Retain Health Workers in Rural and Remote Areas in Developing Countries
This paper aims to outline the magnitude of unequal health workforce distribution in the developing countries; summarize the evidence on the factors that contribute to these imbalances; present a systematic set of policy interventions that are being implemented to address the problem of recruitment and retention of health workers in rural and remote regions of developing countries; and introduce the Discrete Choice Experiment to elicit health workers' preferences and factors likely to increase uptake of a rural or remote job. [adapted from abstract]
Why Would I Go There? Motivating Workers to Take and Keep Jobs in Rural Areas
Given the complexity of the social, professional and economic factors that influence motivation, this article addresses how institutions make rural job postings more attractive and how they can identify what kinds of incentive packages can attract and motivate young, bright graduates to serve the areas of their country that are most in need. [adapted from author]
Differences in Preferences for Rural Job Postings between Nursing Students and Practicing Nurses: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment in Lao People's Democratic Republic
A discrete choice experiment was conducted to investigate preferences for job characteristics among nursing students and practicing nurses to determine how these groups vary in their respective preferences and to understand whether differing policies may be appropriate for each group. [from abstract]
Policy Implementation and Financial Incentives for Nurses in South Africa: A Case Study on the Occupation Specific Dispensation
The article draws on a policy implementation framework to analyse the implementation of occupation-specific dispensation (OSD), a financial incentive strategy to attract, motivate, and retain health professionals in the public health sector, and seeks to determine whether the manner in which OSD was implemented caused unintended negative consequences. [from author]
Factors that Influence Midwifery Students in Ghana When Deciding Where to Practice: A Discrete Choice Experiment
This quantitative research study used a computerized structured survey containing a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to quantify the importance of different incentives and policies to encourage service to deprived, rural and remote areas by upper-year midwifery students following graduation. [from abstract]
Innovative Pay-for -Performance (P4P) Strategy for Improving Malaria Management in Rural Kenya: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
The authors describe the design of a cluster-randomized controlled study to investigate the role of sustainable institutional incentives to improve management of malaria in peripheral health facilities. This study will demonstrate whether facility-based rather than individual incentives are compelling enough to change provider behavior and whether these incentives lead to cost savings as a result of targeted drug consumption. [from author]
Understanding the Factors Influencing Health-Worker Employment Decisions in South Africa
This paper explores the nonfinancial factors that influence health workers' choice of employer (public, private or nongovernmental organization) or their choice of work location (urban, rural or overseas). [adapted from author]
Motivation and Incentives of Rural Maternal and Neonatal Health Care Providers: A Comparison of Qualitative Findings from Burkina Faso, Ghana and Tanzania
This study explores the role of provider motivation in the quality of maternal and neonatal care. The main research questions were: which factors motivated these respondents to join the health professions; what is understood by the term motivation; what influences their motivation, job satisfaction and the quality of their care; and which incentives do these providers themselves suggest. [adapted from author]
Pay-for-Performance Incentives in Low- and Middle-Income Country Health Programs
This chapter surveys experience with performance pay in developing country health programs focusing on four key conceptual issues: what to reward, who to reward, how to reward, and what unintended consequences might performance incentives create. [adapted from abstract]
Australia: The Practice Incentives Program (PIP)
The authors evaluate Autstralia's Practice Incentives Program which aims to encourage continuing improvements in general practice through financial incentives to support quality care, and improve access and health outcomes for patients. [from introduction]


Based on resolver's experience to date, the two main ways of streaming video online are either by subscription or pay per view.
Subscription packages are often cheaper than pay per view services – but they do require you to create an account. If you don't want to create an account, there are a limited number of pay per view companies that allow you to stream video following a one-off payment.
It can be very frustrating when you have to register your personal details with an online company. Resolver can help you resolve this issue quickly, free of charge and without the hassle. We can also help you with the next step of writing your complaint. Click on the link below to create your email.


1. If an absence is necessary, have your parent/guardian: call the attendance number, 982-2009, to notify the school of the REASON for your absence. The Oberon attendance line is a 24-hour voice mail system.
2. If your parent/guardian does not call in on the attendance line, have him/her write a note giving your name, the date, the days that you were absent and the REASON for your absence. Turn in within 24 hours.
3. If you know in advance that you are going to be absent, you need to go to the attendance office to pick up a pre- arranged absence form. This form must be completed and returned to the attendance office for administrative approval at least 48 hours prior to the date of the absence. If this form is submitted and approved, no additional call is required to the attendance line.
All requests to leave the school grounds while school is in session, including lunchtime, must be cleared through the attendance office. A phone call from a parent/guardian or note giving the time the student is to be excused must be brought into the attendance office before school. A parent/guardian must sign out his/her student, in person, through the attendance office when leaving during the school day. THE STUDENT MUST BE SIGNED BACK IN upon return. If a person other than that listed on the emergency card is to pick up your child, a written note giving permission must be turned into the attendance office.
We do not have an open campus during lunchtime. Students are required to eat their lunch at school. On occasion parents may take their child to lunch. A parent may take his/her child only; other students will not be permitted to leave without written permission from their parent/guardian. Students who choose to leave campus without permission will receive appropriate consequences, such as an after school detention.
If you are withdrawing from Oberon during the school year, a Withdrawal/Transfer Form must be signed by a parent. All books, fines and grades must be taken care of prior to official withdrawal. Withdrawals are handled through the Counseling Center. A counselor should be notified at least two days prior to the last day of attendance.
State law requires attendance at school for all students under the age of sixteen. The primary responsibility for insuring that such attendance takes place rests with parents/guardians. Refer to the Jefferson County Conduct Code book regarding attendance procedures.
• If you are not in your first period class by 7:25 AM, you are considered tardy .
• If you are tardy to your first period, come to the attendance office for a pass. Receiving a pass from the attendance office admits you into your first period class; it does not automatically excuse your tardy.
• If your parent does not sign you in at the attendance office, they must either call in your tardy to the attendance line, 982-2009, or write a note to the school indicating the reason for the tardy. The note must be given to the attendance secretary. A call or a note must be received within 24 hours or your tardy will be considered unexcused.
• Report to the attendance office. A phone call or a note is still required.
• Your tardy will be labeled either excused or unexcused and you will receive a pass to get into class. This pass from the attendance office does not automatically excuse your tardy.
• Consequences for unexcused tardies to class are as follows for each semester.
Unexcused tardies will be totaled every semester per individual teacher.
1st tardy - teacher/student contacts parents. Teacher documents.
2nd tardy - a detention/consequence with the teacher. Teacher contacts parents. teacher documents.
3rd tardy - a referral to the office. All school detention. Administrator contacts parents. Administrator documents.
4th and subsequent tardies - a referral to the office. One-day in-school suspension. Administrator contacts parents. Administrator documents.
7 missed periods will equal 1 missed day.


text:
Collected Memories
Regional Histories
Musicians and Artists
Introductory Resources
Oral History Resources
This page is available in:
Sort and Index Menu
Sort Stories By
Category Indexes
Ancient Christians
Ecumenists
Medical Practitioners
Nationalists
Non-Africans
Non-Christians
Persecuted
Classic DACB Collection
All articles created or submitted in the first twenty years of the project, from 1995 to 2015.
Senyagwa, Yeremia
Anglican Communion (Church Missionary Society)
Yeremia's principal station was the Mamboya Valley Church. It is not clear when Yeremia started working as a teacher at the Valley Church. But he and Gideon Ferekani, (a Mnyamwezi) were the first two teachers [1] appointed shortly after the opening of the Valley Church in 1894, and were certainly serving there before 1898. [2] In 1900, two CMS women missionaries (Rose Colsey and Emily Spriggs) who had the partial oversight of the Valley Church since its inception described Ferekani and Senyagwa as "efficient." [3]
Emily Spriggs who had been at Mamboya since 1897 testified about Yeremia's wisdom in dealing with objections from the people he and Spriggs met during the preaching tours in the surrounding Mamboya villages. On one occasion, Yeremia was faced with a personal challenge. A villager alleged that he (Yeremia) was afraid to drink beer not because he didn't want to, but because he feared being found out by CMS missionaries. Yeremia responded to the charge, and sought to show that it was his conscience, and not the fear, that forbade him from drinking. Spriggs quoted his response:
When you wish to learn to hunt you go to the mganga (or medicine man) of hunting, and he inoculates you and teaches you, and then sends you away, and you hunt and kill animals. Who kills the animal, you or the mganga? And just so it is not the Europeans who keep me from taking pombe; they have taught me, and I now refuse it myself. [4]
Yeremia's statement and attitude to the teaching he received was typical, and representative of the attitudes of many other indigenous teachers. This was noted by this writer during the oral interviews. But what is different here is that the challenge Yeremia faced was a personalized one, aimed at discrediting him. In another village, someone argued with Yeremia, asking whether it was really necessary for him to become a Christian (an adherent of the mission) to attain eternal life. The man had helped build the preaching place at the chief's village (the Hill Church) and had specifically helped to fetch water and poles. Spriggs quoted Yeremia's response, with her own words interposed:
"Look here," said the teacher "If you are sick you take a present to the medicine-man, and he makes medicine and tells you to drink it. If you do not drink it, would you expect to get well?" "No," was the somewhat reluctant reply. "In the same way," continued Yeremia, "If you do all these things, build a house for God, and go to the teaching, but do not receive the word of God, you will not receive eternal life." [5]
The point here is not whether Yeremia's teaching was right or wrong, but that he was able to use simple illustrations to lead his hearers to a different understanding-a gift that was common among the indigenous teachers, except that they did not relate their teaching to the religious and social context. In fact, it was this doctrine of resurrection that, according to reports of some CMS missionaries, was looked upon by the Wagogo as "an idle tale."[6] When David Deeks went on leave in 1903, Yeremia was appointed to stand in for him at Berega. [7]
In 1903, Bishop Peel described Yeremia as "a teacher decidedly to be reckoned a holy and earnest Christian [who] has been of great service in this branch of the Mission…." [8] This was far from being an exaggerated description by a visitor who might have formed a hasty impression of a teacher he had met only twice during his two early visits to Ugogo and Ukaguru (first in 1900 and then in 1902-1903). For indeed, some CMS missionaries who had lived at Mamboya before, and to whom Yeremia was a well known figure, shared similar views of him. When commending him for ordination in 1906, David Rees, who had lived at Mamboya from 1897 to 1902, wrote:
Of Yeremia with whom I am personally acquainted I can speak in the highest terms. His insight into scripture, his spirituality, his zeal, his graphic and methodical style makes his preaching powerful and attractive. His earnestness in visiting has also frequently impressed me. [9]
In 1904, the executive committee appointed Yeremia Senyagwa to be in charge of Itumba station without the knowledge of Alfred Parker (a CMS missionary) under whom he worked at Mamboya station. Parker complained to the CMS general secretary, and discredited Yeremia. He wrote, "I do not consider him fit for such a responsible post, …he is too careless and indolent, besides he cannot do simple rules in arithmetic correctly yet." [10] What hurt Parker most was the fact that the letter of appointment was sent direct to Yeremia Senyagwa! But Rees defended the action of the executive committee to which he himself was secretary, and rebuffed Parker saying, "Your knowledge of him extends only over a few months." [11]
The appointment letter (written in Kiswahili) about which Parker complained may be quoted in full to show the high regard Rees and the executive committee had for Yeremia Senyagwa:
Yeremiah nimpendaye salamu nyingi. Bibi nami sote wawili wazima. Tulipendezwa sana kupokea barua yako juzi. Nataka zayidi leo kukuarifu neno moja. Tumefanya sisi shauri uende kwa Itumba kuangalia kazi yake Bwana wetu huko wakati Bwana na Bibi Wood na Bwana Parker wanapokwenda Ulaya. Bwana Wood na Bwana Parker watatengeneza yote nawe. Sasa nakuambia tu mambo yatakayokuja tukijaliwa. Utatangulia na kwenda huko Itumba labuda kwa mwezi mmoja mbele ya kuondoka kwao Bwana na Bibi Wood kusudi upate uzoee na mahali. Lakini Bwana atatengeneza yote. Natumaini Simeoni amepata ruhusa na habari ya Gideoni tutajaribu kusayidia. Sasa kwa heri. Salamu sana kwa Julia na wenzetu wapendwa huko Berega.
Mimi ndimi
Rafiki yako
D. J. Rees.
P.S. Nataka uniandikie yote ujuayo habari zake Gideoni. Nimesikia kama watu wamesema ilikuwa si mara moja tu lakini mara nyingi amekosa naye Visinda. Nipe mimi habari yote juu yake. D. J. Rees. [12]
Beloved Jeremiah, greetings.
My wife and I are well. We were pleased to receive your recent letter. As for today, I would like to inform you about one thing. We have decided [in the executive committee] that you should go to take care of our Lord's work at Itumba when Mr. Wood and Mr. Parker are on holiday. Mr. Wood and Mr. Parker will make all the necessary arrangements with you. Meanwhile, I am only giving you advance notice. Perhaps you will have to go to Itumba a month before the departure of Mr. and Mrs. Wood in order to become familiar with the place. But the Lord will take care of everything. I hope Simeon has been restored; and we will try to resolve Gideon's issue. [13] Now goodbye. Greetings to Julia and our beloved brethren at Berega.
P.S. I would like you to tell me all you know about Gideon. I hear people say he has erred [committed adultery] with Visinda more than once. Give me all the information about him. D. J. Rees. [14]
Yeremia Senyagwa's other gifts included that of leadership. That is why he was appointed to Itumba. It is certainly also the reason why he was appointed to be the quasi-pastor of Mamboya and Berega districts during the Maji Maji uprising when as mentioned earlier, CMS missionaries took refuge in Ugogo. He was one of the five candidates nominated by the CMS mission in 1906 to be considered for ordination but the plan was halted following a teachers' strike on the issue of wages.
From 1906 on, a series of events happened that affected Yeremia's life and work. His colleague's wife took remedial medicine from a traditional practitioner but died later. Probably, as a quasi-pastor, Yeremia was expected to inform CMS missionaries, but he didn't. He was suspended from his teachership for a month for allegedly concealing the matter. Unfortunately, again, for reasons not established, he was publicly excommunicated from the church in July 1908, with his colleague Gideon Ferekani. [15]
Meanwhile, it should be noted that during the time of Yeremia's absence, the Valley Church experienced a setback in the hands of inexperienced teachers. [16] It is not clear how Senyagwa's life proceeded after 1908, but like other indigenous teachers who were not ordained, it may be difficult to establish this. Of the two churches of the Mamboya station–Hill church, and Valley church–it is the latter that has survived to date. Perhaps this is the legacy of Kaguru teachers such as Yeremia Senyagwa who served there since the 1890s.
Raphael Mwita Akiri
Proceedings of the Church Missionary for Africa and the East (PCMS), 1901, 119; PCMS, 1904, 95.
PCMS, 1899, 99.
PCMS, 1901, 119.
Ibid., 119-120.
Minutes, Executive Committee of the CMS Mission (EC), 18-19, 21/12/1903, G3 A8/0/1904/12.
Peel, "Usagara & Ugogo Revisited," Church Missionary Intelligencer (CMI), Vol. 29, February 1904, 116.
Rees to Baylis 18/1/1906, G3 A8/0/1906/20; Cf. Minutes, EC, 15 /11/ 1905, G3 A8/0/1905/16.
Parker to Baylis, 29/6/1904, G3 A8/0/1904/44.
Rees to Parker, 2/7/1904, an attached letter without archival reference.
Rees to Baylis 28/7/1904, copy No. 4, letter to Jeremiah, G3 A8/0/1904/47.
Gideon Ferekani of Mamboya is mentioned because there were allegations at the time, probably from Parker that he had been committing adultery, yet had a house built for him at Nyangala mission station, and was allowed to teach. See Parker to Baylis, 9/5/1906, G3 A8/0/1906/42. Rees refuted these allegations saying by then Gideon was Maria Ackerman's personal domestic assistant at Nyangala, and was only being used to help at a dispensary, and preach to patients. See Rees to Baylis, 23/7/1906, G3 A8/0/19 06/53.
Translation by this writer.
Mamboya Logbook, No. 53, an entry for July 1908.
Minutes, EC, 19-20, 26-27/12/1907, G3 A8/0/1908/12.
This article is reproduced, with permission, from "The Growth of Christianity in Ugogo and Ukaguru (Central Tanzania): A Socio-Historical Analysis of the Role of Indigenous Agents 1876-1933," unpublished Ph.D. thesis (University of Edinburgh, 1999) by Raphael Mwita Akiri.
If you want to submit a story to the DACB, you can consult free resources and submission guidelines here.
Sign up here to receive the quarterly Journal of African Christian Biography and DACB News.
Site redesigned by Alex Mayfield and Michèle Sigg. Last updated: 31 October 2019.
© 2019 Dictionary of African Christian Biography.
Contact Us | Usage & Citation Information

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bill Murray explains why he agreed to appear in the new Ghostbusters
Kayla Kumari Upadhyaya
After starring as Peter Venkman in Ghostbusters and Ghostbusters II, Bill Murray made it pretty clear that he wasn't ever going to strap on a proton pack again. He's been supportive of Paul Feig's all-ladies reboot since the beginning—his official stance in 2014: "I would watch it!"—but it seemed unlikely that Murray would have anything to do with the film, which stars Melissa McCarthy, Kristen Wiig, Leslie Jones, and Kate McKinnon as the new team of ghostbusters. That all changed earlier this month, when it was announced that Bill Murray will indeed play a small part in the rebooted Ghostbusters. What changed his mind? According to Vulture, he just really loves Wiig and McCarthy.
Vulture also reports that Murray won't be reprising his role as Peter Venkman, but rather is rumored to play someone trying to debunk the new bustin' crew—a ghostbuster buster, if you will. Murray seems to have no regrets about taking the role: "You know, they were incredibly nice to ask me, and I really enjoyed being there," Murray said. "They have such a jolly group, and they are going to have great success with this project. I didn't want to overshadow [them] or anything, and I feel really good about it."
Murray also confirmed that it was true that he wasn't previously interested in returning to the franchise. But it was the addition of Wiig and McCarthy—who Murray referred to as "a great hope"—to the new cast that swayed him. "I like those girls a lot," he said. "I mean, I really do. They are tough to say no to. And Paul is a real nice fellow."
So now Murray seems to think the new Ghostbusters is some real jolly good fun, even though his decision was not an easy one to make initially. "I thought about it for a very long time," he told Vulture. "Like, many, many months. No, that's not right. I was seriously thinking about this for years, really … It kept eating at me, and I really respect those girls. And then I started to feel like if I didn't do this movie, maybe somebody would write a bad review or something, thinking there was some sort of disapproval [on my part]."
The cast and crew of Feig's Ghostbusters have made it pretty clear that they don't need the approval of Murray—or anyone, for that matter. But he obviously believes in what they're doing, enough to reverse his Ghostbusters policy entirely.


Each state has its own website where you can find and apply for jobs. For a full listing of state government job sites, see Appendix E. Another great resource is the National Association of State Personnel Executives (NASPE.net), which has links to state government job openings.
Although the websites are the best place to go for a full listing of jobs, most states also host career fairs. States frequently advertise these job fairs on the state government website, through media press releases, and in public service announcements on local radio programs. They may also do some advertising in newspapers, magazines, and elsewhere for critical needs positions, such as engineers and health care professionals.


Express Engine / Automated Document Sharing is an application that will allow the user to automate all of the faxing within NextGen. It uses a rule-based logic to setup and deliver based on the providers. It will also upload generated documents to the Patient Portal and if enabled the fax is eligible to be sent through NextGen Share.
Express Engine uses a Practice template that allows administrators to setup, build and maintain the rule-based logic for fax automation. Once setup is completed, administrators will not have to access the template on a regular basis because maintenance is minimal.
To purchase Express Engine, please submit a NextGen Healthcare Success Community request and we will provide a quote.
If you have purchased Express Engine and have not received a license key, please submit a NextGen Healthcare Success Community request and we will provide a license key as soon as possible.


text:
https://www.universitypressscholarship.com/search?f_0=keywords&q_0=principle%20of%20charity
Keywords: principle of charity x
Stanford University Press (1)
Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval (1)
Open Section Philosophy (23)
History of Philosophy (1)
Philosophy of Language (3)
Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics (2)
Metaphysics/Epistemology (5)
Philosophy of Mind (5)
Moral Philosophy (1)
Philosophy of Religion (1)
Learning from Others, Interpretation, and Charity
Gary Ebbs
in Truth and Words
Many philosophers assume that Donald Davidson's principle of charity is at least compatible with trusting what others write or say. Against this, this chapter argues that in a large number of cases ... More
Many philosophers assume that Donald Davidson's principle of charity is at least compatible with trusting what others write or say. Against this, this chapter argues that in a large number of cases in which we take ourselves to be learning from others by accepting what they write or say, what we take them to write or say, given (what Davidson sees as) our tacit interpretations of what we read or hear, is not true by our own lights. In such cases, when we take ourselves to be learning from others, we violate Davidson's principle of charity. We must therefore either reject Davidson's principle of charity or conclude that what others write or say cannot conflict with what we believe. The chapter ends by proposing that we reject Davidson's principle of charity and adopt the conception of truth and words presented in the previous chapter.Less
Many philosophers assume that Donald Davidson's principle of charity is at least compatible with trusting what others write or say. Against this, this chapter argues that in a large number of cases in which we take ourselves to be learning from others by accepting what they write or say, what we take them to write or say, given (what Davidson sees as) our tacit interpretations of what we read or hear, is not true by our own lights. In such cases, when we take ourselves to be learning from others, we violate Davidson's principle of charity. We must therefore either reject Davidson's principle of charity or conclude that what others write or say cannot conflict with what we believe. The chapter ends by proposing that we reject Davidson's principle of charity and adopt the conception of truth and words presented in the previous chapter.
Keywords: Davidson, holding true, interpretation, learning from others, principle of charity, Quine, radical interpretation, testimony, true, truth
The Procedure of the Radical Interpreter
Ernie Lepore and Kirk Ludwig
in Donald Davidson: Meaning, Truth, Language, and Reality
Discusses the procedure of the radical interpreter, and in particular, the role of a truth theory for the subject's language, how it motivates the introduction of a the Principle of Charity, roughly ... More
Discusses the procedure of the radical interpreter, and in particular, the role of a truth theory for the subject's language, how it motivates the introduction of a the Principle of Charity, roughly that a speaker is to be taken to have largely true general beliefs and largely true particular beliefs about his environment, and three interpretations of the principle. Argues for one of the interpretations but also that it is not sufficient for the work Davidson needs it to do and that a slightly different and stronger principle is needed which we call 'Grace'. Ends with an account of the major stages of the procedure.Less
Ernie LeporeKirk Ludwig
Discusses the procedure of the radical interpreter, and in particular, the role of a truth theory for the subject's language, how it motivates the introduction of a the Principle of Charity, roughly that a speaker is to be taken to have largely true general beliefs and largely true particular beliefs about his environment, and three interpretations of the principle. Argues for one of the interpretations but also that it is not sufficient for the work Davidson needs it to do and that a slightly different and stronger principle is needed which we call 'Grace'. Ends with an account of the major stages of the procedure.
Keywords: agreement, Grace, L-sentences, Principle of Charity, procedure of the radical interpreter, truth theory, Veracity
Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation
Donald Davidson
Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
This volume collects Davidson's seminal contributions to the philosophy of language. Its key insight is that the concept of truth can shed light on various issues connected to meaning: Davidson, who ... More
This volume collects Davidson's seminal contributions to the philosophy of language. Its key insight is that the concept of truth can shed light on various issues connected to meaning: Davidson, who assumes a partial and primitive understanding of the truth predicate, reverses Tarski who had succeeded in elucidating the concept of truth by taking the notion of 'translation' (preservation of meaning) for granted. In the first of five subsections into which the papers are thematically organized, Davidson develops the systematic constraints a theory of meaning has to meet and shows how an approach to semantics based on the concept of truth meets these demands better than any rival approach. Sect. 2 explores whether one can give semantic analyses of quotation, intensional contexts, and force within the extensional limitations of the truth‐theoretic framework. Viewing the theories of meaning developed in the first section as empirical, Sect. 3 inquires into their testability: can we verify these theories without presupposing concepts too closely aligned to that of meaning, interpretation, and synonymy? Davidson develops constitutive constraints on applying truth theories to interpret the speech behaviour of others: we have to view utterances for the most part as assertions of the speaker's beliefs and those beliefs as largely true and consistent (he terms this the 'Principle of Charity'). Sect. 4 combines these interpretative constraints with the semantic concept of truth developed in Sect. 1 to tackle metaphysical issues. Davidson claims that truth is not relative to conceptual schemes but only to languages that can be shown to be largely correct about the world; consequently, by studying those languages via the semantic concept of truth we can derive ontological conclusions. Sect. 5 explores aspects of linguistic usage that form a particular threat to theories of meaning (such as Davidson's) that focus on the literal meaning of sentences: for truth theory to be adequate as a general theory of language, it must give valid accounts of sentence mood, illocutionary force, and metaphorical meaning.Less
This volume collects Davidson's seminal contributions to the philosophy of language. Its key insight is that the concept of truth can shed light on various issues connected to meaning: Davidson, who assumes a partial and primitive understanding of the truth predicate, reverses Tarski who had succeeded in elucidating the concept of truth by taking the notion of 'translation' (preservation of meaning) for granted. In the first of five subsections into which the papers are thematically organized, Davidson develops the systematic constraints a theory of meaning has to meet and shows how an approach to semantics based on the concept of truth meets these demands better than any rival approach. Sect. 2 explores whether one can give semantic analyses of quotation, intensional contexts, and force within the extensional limitations of the truth‐theoretic framework. Viewing the theories of meaning developed in the first section as empirical, Sect. 3 inquires into their testability: can we verify these theories without presupposing concepts too closely aligned to that of meaning, interpretation, and synonymy? Davidson develops constitutive constraints on applying truth theories to interpret the speech behaviour of others: we have to view utterances for the most part as assertions of the speaker's beliefs and those beliefs as largely true and consistent (he terms this the 'Principle of Charity'). Sect. 4 combines these interpretative constraints with the semantic concept of truth developed in Sect. 1 to tackle metaphysical issues. Davidson claims that truth is not relative to conceptual schemes but only to languages that can be shown to be largely correct about the world; consequently, by studying those languages via the semantic concept of truth we can derive ontological conclusions. Sect. 5 explores aspects of linguistic usage that form a particular threat to theories of meaning (such as Davidson's) that focus on the literal meaning of sentences: for truth theory to be adequate as a general theory of language, it must give valid accounts of sentence mood, illocutionary force, and metaphorical meaning.
Keywords: conceptual relativism, correspondence theory of truth, interpretation, ontology, philosophy of language, principle of charity, Tarski, theory of meaning, truth
The Justification of the Principle of Charity
Takes up the question of how to justify the Principle of Charity. Three a priori arguments are examined, the argument from the holism of attitude content, the argument to the best explanation of ... More
Takes up the question of how to justify the Principle of Charity. Three a priori arguments are examined, the argument from the holism of attitude content, the argument to the best explanation of human beings and their place in the natural world, and the argument from the necessity of radical interpretation. Difficulties are raised for each of these arguments.Less
Takes up the question of how to justify the Principle of Charity. Three a priori arguments are examined, the argument from the holism of attitude content, the argument to the best explanation of human beings and their place in the natural world, and the argument from the necessity of radical interpretation. Difficulties are raised for each of these arguments.
Keywords: justification of the Principle of Charity, the argument from holism of attitude content, the argument from the best explanation, the argument from the necessity of radical interpretation
Donald Davidson: Meaning, Truth, Language, and Reality
Donald Davidson (1917–2003) was one of the most important philosophers of the late twentieth century. This book provides a systematic exposition and clarification of his work in the philosophy of ... More
Donald Davidson (1917–2003) was one of the most important philosophers of the late twentieth century. This book provides a systematic exposition and clarification of his work in the philosophy of language and the theory of meaning, and of his contributions to the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and epistemology that spring from it. In addition, it offers a critical assessment of Davidson's program. The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides an historical introduction to Davidson's program of truth-theoretic semantics and defends it against a variety of criticisms. The second part examines the foundations and prospects for the project of radical interpretation, including the grounding of the Principle of Charity, the indeterminacy of interpretation, and the reality of language. The third part examines a number of important conclusions that Davidson has argued for on the basis of reflection on the project of radical interpretation, including the impossibility of alternative conceptual schemes, the impossibility of massive error, the nature and grounding of first person authority, the inscrutability of reference, and the necessity of language for thought. The book argues for the soundness of the truth-theoretic approach to the theory of meaning, but argues that the project of radical interpretation fails, and that most of Davidson's most important theses based on it cannot be adequately supported.Less
Donald Davidson : Meaning, Truth, Language, and Reality
Donald Davidson (1917–2003) was one of the most important philosophers of the late twentieth century. This book provides a systematic exposition and clarification of his work in the philosophy of language and the theory of meaning, and of his contributions to the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and epistemology that spring from it. In addition, it offers a critical assessment of Davidson's program. The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides an historical introduction to Davidson's program of truth-theoretic semantics and defends it against a variety of criticisms. The second part examines the foundations and prospects for the project of radical interpretation, including the grounding of the Principle of Charity, the indeterminacy of interpretation, and the reality of language. The third part examines a number of important conclusions that Davidson has argued for on the basis of reflection on the project of radical interpretation, including the impossibility of alternative conceptual schemes, the impossibility of massive error, the nature and grounding of first person authority, the inscrutability of reference, and the necessity of language for thought. The book argues for the soundness of the truth-theoretic approach to the theory of meaning, but argues that the project of radical interpretation fails, and that most of Davidson's most important theses based on it cannot be adequately supported.
Keywords: compositionality, conceptual schemes, Donald Davidson, indeterminacy, knowledge, language, meaning, Principle of Charity, radical interpretation, truth-theoretic semantics
The Experiential Origins of Intentionality
Uriah Kriegel
in The Sources of Intentionality
Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, General
The purpose of the present chapter is to argue that the intentionality proper to our conscious experience—"experiential intentionality"—deserves a central theoretical role in our account of ... More
The purpose of the present chapter is to argue that the intentionality proper to our conscious experience—"experiential intentionality"—deserves a central theoretical role in our account of intentionality. It is argued that our conception of intentionality is grounded in our grasp of experiential intentionality, and that to that extent, experiential intentionality is the origin of all intentionality. I call this the thesis of the experiential origins of intentionality, or the experiential origin thesis for short. Section 1.1 presents a general model of how we form our conceptions of certain phenomena, including the phenomenon of intentionality. Section 1.2 presents an argument to the effect that the application of the general model to the case of intentionality generates the result that our conception of intentionality is grounded in our grasp of experiential intentionality. Sections 1.3 offers some elucidations of the central notion of experiential intentionality.Less
The purpose of the present chapter is to argue that the intentionality proper to our conscious experience—"experiential intentionality"—deserves a central theoretical role in our account of intentionality. It is argued that our conception of intentionality is grounded in our grasp of experiential intentionality, and that to that extent, experiential intentionality is the origin of all intentionality. I call this the thesis of the experiential origins of intentionality, or the experiential origin thesis for short. Section 1.1 presents a general model of how we form our conceptions of certain phenomena, including the phenomenon of intentionality. Section 1.2 presents an argument to the effect that the application of the general model to the case of intentionality generates the result that our conception of intentionality is grounded in our grasp of experiential intentionality. Sections 1.3 offers some elucidations of the central notion of experiential intentionality.
Keywords: experiential intentionality, concept formation, anchoring instances, principle of charity
. Does Philosophy of Religion Rest on a Mistake?
Michael C. Banner
in The Justification of Science and the Rationality of Religious Belief
Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Science
This chapter discusses and expounds on an expressive understanding of religious discourse. A number of examples of how certain 'beliefs' may be construed as expressions of value are stated in the ... More
This chapter discusses and expounds on an expressive understanding of religious discourse. A number of examples of how certain 'beliefs' may be construed as expressions of value are stated in the discussion as well. The justifications that are presented in this chapter are based on the arguments from the strong and the weak principles of charity.Less
This chapter discusses and expounds on an expressive understanding of religious discourse. A number of examples of how certain 'beliefs' may be construed as expressions of value are stated in the discussion as well. The justifications that are presented in this chapter are based on the arguments from the strong and the weak principles of charity.
Keywords: religious discourse, beliefs, expressions of value, principles of charity
Uncertainty, Possibility, and Identity
David Wallace
in The Emergent Multiverse: Quantum Theory according to the Everett Interpretation
Philosophy, Philosophy of Science, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter considers some philosophical problems posed by the Everett interpretation: should someone expecting to undergo quantum-mechanical branching be uncertain about the result of that ... More
This chapter considers some philosophical problems posed by the Everett interpretation: should someone expecting to undergo quantum-mechanical branching be uncertain about the result of that branching? And how are we to think about identity over time — for people, for objects, and for whole branches — in the face of continual, persistent branching? Using considerations from philosophy of language, the chapter argues for a conservative approach to these questions: properly understood, the Everett interpretation leaves these and other everyday concepts essentially untouched, even as it does violence to what philosophers have normally taken to be their metaphysical underpinnings.Less
This chapter considers some philosophical problems posed by the Everett interpretation: should someone expecting to undergo quantum-mechanical branching be uncertain about the result of that branching? And how are we to think about identity over time — for people, for objects, and for whole branches — in the face of continual, persistent branching? Using considerations from philosophy of language, the chapter argues for a conservative approach to these questions: properly understood, the Everett interpretation leaves these and other everyday concepts essentially untouched, even as it does violence to what philosophers have normally taken to be their metaphysical underpinnings.
Keywords: Everett interpretation, many worlds, uncertainty, personal identity, principle of charity
Infidelitas and Final End Conceptions
David Decosimo
in Ethics as a Work of Charity: Thomas Aquinas and Pagan Virtue
10.11126/stanford/9780804790635.003.0009
Religion, Theology
This chapter explains what Thomas does not – how those who have not charity and are thus ordered to some other end than beatitude as final can nonetheless not only do good acts but do them with ... More
This chapter explains what Thomas does not – how those who have not charity and are thus ordered to some other end than beatitude as final can nonetheless not only do good acts but do them with enough frequency to possess virtue. No act is good whose final end is not and, as Thomas has it, every unbeliever is implicated in infidelitas, false or incomplete belief about God(s) or the last end. Drawing on numerous texts, the chapter adduces two interpretive options and opts for a third that captures their strengths, avoids their weaknesses, and best honors the diverse passages and issues implicated. Drawing various distinctions among types of infidelitas and ways of thinking of final ends and their roles in action, and considering various concrete cases, the chapter present a model that allows believers and non-believers alike to welcome pagan virtue without compromising their convictionsLess
This chapter explains what Thomas does not – how those who have not charity and are thus ordered to some other end than beatitude as final can nonetheless not only do good acts but do them with enough frequency to possess virtue. No act is good whose final end is not and, as Thomas has it, every unbeliever is implicated in infidelitas, false or incomplete belief about God(s) or the last end. Drawing on numerous texts, the chapter adduces two interpretive options and opts for a third that captures their strengths, avoids their weaknesses, and best honors the diverse passages and issues implicated. Drawing various distinctions among types of infidelitas and ways of thinking of final ends and their roles in action, and considering various concrete cases, the chapter present a model that allows believers and non-believers alike to welcome pagan virtue without compromising their convictions
Keywords: weak infidelitas, accidental virtue, sola religio, strong infidelitas, truth suppression, final end conception, strong and weak salience, creation's enduring good, principle of charity, sheer absence
Charity, Interpretation, and Belief
Colin McGinn
in Knowledge and Reality: Selected Essays
Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
McGinn argues that, pace Davidson, relational belief attributions do not require a principle of charity. According to McGinn, the requirement of Davidsonian charity turns on the false presumption ... More
McGinn argues that, pace Davidson, relational belief attributions do not require a principle of charity. According to McGinn, the requirement of Davidsonian charity turns on the false presumption that 'most of what others say and believe is going to be true'. But, in this early statement of externalism about the mind, McGinn argues that a subject 'may be intentionally related to an object … without being able to conceive it aright'; this is because a subject may see an object (which is sufficient for relational attribution) without having preponderantly true beliefs about the object she sees. Thus, because 'intentionality is prior to veridicality', we cannot discount the possibility of 'widespread and deep‐going disagreement between interpreter and interpreted'. McGinn concludes by considering how his externalism about propositional attitudes mirrors Putnam's externalism about meaning, and how rejecting the principle of charity impacts Davidson's method of radical interpretation.Less
McGinn argues that, pace Davidson, relational belief attributions do not require a principle of charity. According to McGinn, the requirement of Davidsonian charity turns on the false presumption that 'most of what others say and believe is going to be true'. But, in this early statement of externalism about the mind, McGinn argues that a subject 'may be intentionally related to an object … without being able to conceive it aright'; this is because a subject may see an object (which is sufficient for relational attribution) without having preponderantly true beliefs about the object she sees. Thus, because 'intentionality is prior to veridicality', we cannot discount the possibility of 'widespread and deep‐going disagreement between interpreter and interpreted'. McGinn concludes by considering how his externalism about propositional attitudes mirrors Putnam's externalism about meaning, and how rejecting the principle of charity impacts Davidson's method of radical interpretation.
Keywords: belief, charity, Davidson, externalism, principle of charity, propositional attitude, Putnam, Quine, radical interpretation, relational belief, Twin Earth
RATIONALITY, LANGUAGE, AND THE PRINCIPLE OF CHARITY
Kirk. Ludwig
in The Oxford Handbook of Rationality
Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Ludwig deals with the relations between language, thought, and rationality, and, especially, the role and status of assumptions about rationality in interpreting another's speech and assigning ... More
Ludwig deals with the relations between language, thought, and rationality, and, especially, the role and status of assumptions about rationality in interpreting another's speech and assigning contents to her psychological attitudes—her beliefs, desires, intentions, and so on. The chapter is organized around three questions: (1) What is the relation between rationality and thought? (2) What is the relation between rationality and language? (3) What is the relation between thought and language? Ludwig argues that some large degree of rationality is required for thought and consequently that same degree of rationality at least is required for language since language requires thought. Thought, however, does not require language. In answering questions (2) and (3), Ludwig gives particular attention to Davidson's arguments for the Principle of Charity, according to which it is constitutive of speakers that they are largely rational and largely right about the world, and to Davidson's arguments for the thesis that without the power of speech we lack the power of thought.Less
Ludwig deals with the relations between language, thought, and rationality, and, especially, the role and status of assumptions about rationality in interpreting another's speech and assigning contents to her psychological attitudes—her beliefs, desires, intentions, and so on. The chapter is organized around three questions: (1) What is the relation between rationality and thought? (2) What is the relation between rationality and language? (3) What is the relation between thought and language? Ludwig argues that some large degree of rationality is required for thought and consequently that same degree of rationality at least is required for language since language requires thought. Thought, however, does not require language. In answering questions (2) and (3), Ludwig gives particular attention to Davidson's arguments for the Principle of Charity, according to which it is constitutive of speakers that they are largely rational and largely right about the world, and to Davidson's arguments for the thesis that without the power of speech we lack the power of thought.
Keywords: assumption, belief, content, desire, intention, interpretation, language, Principle of Charity, psychological attitudes, thought
Robert J. Fogelin
in Philosophical Interpretations
10.1093/019507162X.003.0001
The introduction sketches the method of interpretation that will be used in the essays that follow. It employs the principle that there is a very strong presumption in favor of the dual claim that ... More
The introduction sketches the method of interpretation that will be used in the essays that follow. It employs the principle that there is a very strong presumption in favor of the dual claim that philosophers meant to say precisely what they did say and that what they did say means precisely what it seems to mean. This is called a semantic principle of charity. It combines a principle of local interpretation – an attempt to understand how each bit of text moves the enterprise along – with a principle of global interpretation – an attempt to see, if possible, how these various parts form a coherent whole. It is opposed to presentism in all its many forms.Less
The introduction sketches the method of interpretation that will be used in the essays that follow. It employs the principle that there is a very strong presumption in favor of the dual claim that philosophers meant to say precisely what they did say and that what they did say means precisely what it seems to mean. This is called a semantic principle of charity. It combines a principle of local interpretation – an attempt to understand how each bit of text moves the enterprise along – with a principle of global interpretation – an attempt to see, if possible, how these various parts form a coherent whole. It is opposed to presentism in all its many forms.
Keywords: interpretation, presentism, principle of charity
The Principle of Charity
Kathrin Glüer
in Donald Davidson: A Short Introduction
10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195382976.003.0003
This chapter outlines the notion of the principle of charity proposed by Donald Davidson, which considers the rationality and interpretation of a speaker's statement. It looks into charity's role as ... More
This chapter outlines the notion of the principle of charity proposed by Donald Davidson, which considers the rationality and interpretation of a speaker's statement. It looks into charity's role as a principle governing not only the pursuit of knowledge about the meaning by the radical interpreter, but the justification of beliefs about meaning in general. It enumerates the aspects of the principle and analyses their role as counsel to the radical interpreter to interpret the alien speaker. It also discusses their limitations of assistance to the interpreter on the basis of observable behavior, and highlights the need to widen the notion of interpretation from the understanding of linguistic utterances to the understanding of whole persons.Less
This chapter outlines the notion of the principle of charity proposed by Donald Davidson, which considers the rationality and interpretation of a speaker's statement. It looks into charity's role as a principle governing not only the pursuit of knowledge about the meaning by the radical interpreter, but the justification of beliefs about meaning in general. It enumerates the aspects of the principle and analyses their role as counsel to the radical interpreter to interpret the alien speaker. It also discusses their limitations of assistance to the interpreter on the basis of observable behavior, and highlights the need to widen the notion of interpretation from the understanding of linguistic utterances to the understanding of whole persons.
Keywords: principle of charity, Donald Davidson, radical interpreter, alien speaker, observable behavior, linguistic utterances
The Illusory Nature of Leibniz's System
Catherine Wilson
in New Essays on the Rationalists
Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Leibniz has often been described as holding to a kind of phenomenalism. Yet Leibniz did not have a single account of perception, or of the embodied mind, or of the monad, but a set of conflicting and ... More
Leibniz has often been described as holding to a kind of phenomenalism. Yet Leibniz did not have a single account of perception, or of the embodied mind, or of the monad, but a set of conflicting and mutually inconsistent accounts that preclude the possibility that there is any such thing as "Leibniz's System." This difficulty raises problems of interpretation, since it is sometimes maintained that the principle of charity precludes the assignment of frankly inconsistent views to a philosopher. The essay argues that we should not be misled by the intentionalist fallacy into looking for order within a text as opposed to order commentators can impose by making a philosopher's inconsistencies intelligible.Less
Leibniz has often been described as holding to a kind of phenomenalism. Yet Leibniz did not have a single account of perception, or of the embodied mind, or of the monad, but a set of conflicting and mutually inconsistent accounts that preclude the possibility that there is any such thing as "Leibniz's System." This difficulty raises problems of interpretation, since it is sometimes maintained that the principle of charity precludes the assignment of frankly inconsistent views to a philosopher. The essay argues that we should not be misled by the intentionalist fallacy into looking for order within a text as opposed to order commentators can impose by making a philosopher's inconsistencies intelligible.
Keywords: embodiment, intentionalist fallacy, interpretation, Leibniz, monad, perception, phenomenalism, principle of charity, system, Catherine Wilson
Explanations in Terms of the Agent's Reasoning
G. F. Schueler
in Reasons and Purposes: Human Rationality and the Teleological Explanation of Action
Practical reasoning has been misrepresented by the so‐called practical syllogism as not essentially involving evaluations. Correcting this error helps show why it is implausible to hold, as e.g. J. ... More
Practical reasoning has been misrepresented by the so‐called practical syllogism as not essentially involving evaluations. Correcting this error helps show why it is implausible to hold, as e.g. J. David Velleman and others have, that an underlying proper desire is always required to explain actions done on the basis of practical deliberation. The principle of charity is essential to making sense of the actions of others since it is essential to understanding what their reasons are when they act.Less
Practical reasoning has been misrepresented by the so‐called practical syllogism as not essentially involving evaluations. Correcting this error helps show why it is implausible to hold, as e.g. J. David Velleman and others have, that an underlying proper desire is always required to explain actions done on the basis of practical deliberation. The principle of charity is essential to making sense of the actions of others since it is essential to understanding what their reasons are when they act.
Keywords: actions, practical deliberation, practical syllogism, principle of charity, Velleman
Interpretation and the Interpreter: On the Role of the Interpreter in Davidsonian Foundational Semantics
in The Science of Meaning: Essays on the Metatheory of Natural Language Semantics
Philosophy, Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Mind
According to Donald Davidson, "what a fully informed interpreter could learn about what a speaker means is all there is to learn; the same goes for what the speaker believes" (Davidson 1983). This is ... More
According to Donald Davidson, "what a fully informed interpreter could learn about what a speaker means is all there is to learn; the same goes for what the speaker believes" (Davidson 1983). This is a foundational claim about the nature of semantic properties: these are evidence-constituted properties. They are determined by the principle of charity on the basis of data about the behaviour of the speaker(s). But what exactly is the role of the interpreter in the Davidsonian account of meaning determination? Is she merely a dramatic device or an essential element of the metaphysical picture? This chapter investigates whether David Lewis's (1983) distinction between natural and unnatural properties can help in answering these questions.Less
Interpretation and the Interpreter : On the Role of the Interpreter in Davidsonian Foundational Semantics
According to Donald Davidson, "what a fully informed interpreter could learn about what a speaker means is all there is to learn; the same goes for what the speaker believes" (Davidson 1983). This is a foundational claim about the nature of semantic properties: these are evidence-constituted properties. They are determined by the principle of charity on the basis of data about the behaviour of the speaker(s). But what exactly is the role of the interpreter in the Davidsonian account of meaning determination? Is she merely a dramatic device or an essential element of the metaphysical picture? This chapter investigates whether David Lewis's (1983) distinction between natural and unnatural properties can help in answering these questions.
Keywords: Donald Davidson, David Lewis, radical interpretation, meaning determination, foundational semantics, natural properties, principle of charity, interpretivism
Belief and the Basis of Meaning
in Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation
Davidson continues the analysis of the evidential base required for radical interpretation from Essay 9 and extends it into a systematic methodology. The ascription of meanings to utterances and ... More
Davidson continues the analysis of the evidential base required for radical interpretation from Essay 9 and extends it into a systematic methodology. The ascription of meanings to utterances and intentions to speakers must proceed simultaneously because we lack a prior grasp on either (Davidson illustrates this by appeal to Ramsey's work on subjective probability); by the same token, if interpreters are to get anywhere at all they must start by an interpretative 'Principle of Charity' on which they assume at the outset that the speaker's beliefs are mostly true and that his utterances are, for the most part, assertions of what he believes or 'holds true'. Consequently, interpreters must avoid attributing inexplicable error to the speaker, but rather 'maximize agreement'. Davidson explains how these assumptions operate independently of detailed knowledge of what the speaker believes or asserts, and why they are indispensable to the process of radical interpretation; in specific, how we can have no independent foothold on propositional attitudes or speaker meaning (see Appendix); and he discusses the degree to which his interpretative constraints leave it indeterminate what the speaker means.Less
Davidson continues the analysis of the evidential base required for radical interpretation from Essay 9 and extends it into a systematic methodology. The ascription of meanings to utterances and intentions to speakers must proceed simultaneously because we lack a prior grasp on either (Davidson illustrates this by appeal to Ramsey's work on subjective probability); by the same token, if interpreters are to get anywhere at all they must start by an interpretative 'Principle of Charity' on which they assume at the outset that the speaker's beliefs are mostly true and that his utterances are, for the most part, assertions of what he believes or 'holds true'. Consequently, interpreters must avoid attributing inexplicable error to the speaker, but rather 'maximize agreement'. Davidson explains how these assumptions operate independently of detailed knowledge of what the speaker believes or asserts, and why they are indispensable to the process of radical interpretation; in specific, how we can have no independent foothold on propositional attitudes or speaker meaning (see Appendix); and he discusses the degree to which his interpretative constraints leave it indeterminate what the speaker means.
Keywords: holding true, indeterminacy of translation, principle of charity, radical interpretation, Ramsey, subjective probability
Assertion and the Method of Interpretation (Radical and Otherwise)
Sanford C. Goldberg
in Assertion: On the Philosophical Significance of Assertoric Speech
The aim of this chapter is to argue that the hypothesis that assertion is answerable to a robustly epistemic norm has implications for the nature and method of what Donald Davidson called "the task ... More
The aim of this chapter is to argue that the hypothesis that assertion is answerable to a robustly epistemic norm has implications for the nature and method of what Donald Davidson called "the task of radical interpretation." This is the task of interpreting another's speech contributions, and thereby solving for their "beliefs and meanings" without assuming prior knowledge of either. It is argued that the resulting norm-of-assertion-based account of the nature and method of interpretation, which differs from that offered by Davidson himself, is to be preferred to Davidson's own account. The resulting account is contrasted with the knowledge-maximizing account presented by Tim Williamson (2000).Less
The aim of this chapter is to argue that the hypothesis that assertion is answerable to a robustly epistemic norm has implications for the nature and method of what Donald Davidson called "the task of radical interpretation." This is the task of interpreting another's speech contributions, and thereby solving for their "beliefs and meanings" without assuming prior knowledge of either. It is argued that the resulting norm-of-assertion-based account of the nature and method of interpretation, which differs from that offered by Davidson himself, is to be preferred to Davidson's own account. The resulting account is contrasted with the knowledge-maximizing account presented by Tim Williamson (2000).
Keywords: assertion, norm of assertion, Davidson, radical interpretation, comprehension, epistemology of comprehension, the principle of charity
Ontological Arguments: Interpretive Charity and Quantifier Variance
Eli Hirsch
in Quantifier Variance and Realism: Essays in Metaontology
This chapter discusses the advantages of common-sense ontology over other systems, by presupposing that quantifier expressions can have different meanings in different languages. Philosophy is rife ... More
This chapter discusses the advantages of common-sense ontology over other systems, by presupposing that quantifier expressions can have different meanings in different languages. Philosophy is rife with issues of language—at one level, one generally uses the language of their community, which in this case is English. At another level, one may be considering how linguistic behavior determines meaning. Central to such interpretations is the principle of charity, in which there is a presumption in favor of the one that succeeds in making people's arguments true or at least reasonable. The task of one engaged in physical-object ontologies is to understand these "dialectical tendencies" that are implicit in "what we mean." Quantifier variance comes into play here, as with different philosophic versions of English the semantic rules governing each version will necessitate different meanings across the board. Of course, what is being discussed is still English.Less
Ontological Arguments : Interpretive Charity and Quantifier Variance
This chapter discusses the advantages of common-sense ontology over other systems, by presupposing that quantifier expressions can have different meanings in different languages. Philosophy is rife with issues of language—at one level, one generally uses the language of their community, which in this case is English. At another level, one may be considering how linguistic behavior determines meaning. Central to such interpretations is the principle of charity, in which there is a presumption in favor of the one that succeeds in making people's arguments true or at least reasonable. The task of one engaged in physical-object ontologies is to understand these "dialectical tendencies" that are implicit in "what we mean." Quantifier variance comes into play here, as with different philosophic versions of English the semantic rules governing each version will necessitate different meanings across the board. Of course, what is being discussed is still English.
Keywords: English, philosophy, common-sense ontology, language, principle of charity, quantifier variance
The Global Justification of Testimony
Martin Kusch
in Knowledge by Agreement: The Programme of Communitarian Epistemology
Focusses on reductionist and fundamentalist proposals for a global justification of testimony. David Hume (on miracles) is discussed as offering a reductionist proposal according to which testimony ... More
Focusses on reductionist and fundamentalist proposals for a global justification of testimony. David Hume (on miracles) is discussed as offering a reductionist proposal according to which testimony can only be justified by reducing it to other sources of knowledge (perception, reasoning, memory). It is shown (following Coady) that Hume's argument involves highly questionable assumptions; e.g. the assumption that all testimony could have turned out to be false. Subsequently, the chapter turns against Coady's fundamentalism. Coady's position draws on Donald Davidson's well‐known argument to the effect that most of our beliefs have to true. Criticises Coady's and Davidson's proposals. Concludes with the suggestion that a communitarian epistemology of testimony should be quietist with the respect to the question 'why should I trust the words of others?'coherentismLess
Focusses on reductionist and fundamentalist proposals for a global justification of testimony. David Hume (on miracles) is discussed as offering a reductionist proposal according to which testimony can only be justified by reducing it to other sources of knowledge (perception, reasoning, memory). It is shown (following Coady) that Hume's argument involves highly questionable assumptions; e.g. the assumption that all testimony could have turned out to be false. Subsequently, the chapter turns against Coady's fundamentalism. Coady's position draws on Donald Davidson's well‐known argument to the effect that most of our beliefs have to true. Criticises Coady's and Davidson's proposals. Concludes with the suggestion that a communitarian epistemology of testimony should be quietist with the respect to the question 'why should I trust the words of others?'coherentism
Keywords: foundationalism, fundamentalism, global justification of testimony, interpretation, principle of charity, reductionism


Come check us out at the Exploratorium's After Dark. We'll be showcasing some of California's sneakiest plants and animals and help you discover your inner sneaky creature.
Join our friends at WhollyH20 a fun half day citizen science BioBlitz Wildcat Creek Trail around Davis Park in San Pablo, CA. Get ready to enjoy being a citizen scientist through simple observation and photo documentation.
Join our friends at WhollyH20 for a fun half day citizen science BioBlitz on the Lower and Upper Packrat Trail along Wildcat Creek in Tilden Park in Kensington, CA. We'll be hiking around Jewel Lake. Get ready to enjoy being a citizen scientist through simple observation and photo documentation.
Join our friends at WhollyH20 for a full moon citizen science Oyster BioBlitz at Pt. Pinole Regional Park in Richmond. We'll be measuring and counting oysters during the full moon low tide, together with The Watershed Project.
This event is part of a project to BioBlitz the Wildcat Creek watershed from its headwaters at Lake Anza down to its end point at the Wildcat Marsh and Landfill Loop in Richmond from summer 2017 to Spring 2018. Check out the other upcoming BioBlitzes in this project.
Join our friends at the Coyote Meadows Coalition for the upcoming BioBlitz at Coyote Meadows, San Jose, on November 5th, 9-11am. Join a free nature walk with an expert, and help us document the diversity in this area!
This event is part of a project by WhollyH20 to BioBlitz the Wildcat Creek watershed from its headwaters at Lake Anza down to its end point at the Wildcat Marsh and Landfill Loop in Richmond from summer 2017 to Spring 2018. Check out the other upcoming BioBlitzes in the project!


Freezing doe eyes with a jacklight from a chalky bed, chalk of deep woods volcanoes, with a boy or two.
The going might be a worry for Jacklight Bellevue if it comes up tacky in the two-and-a-half-mile novice hurdle, as he didn't enjoy it at Warwick last time.
The poetry collection Jacklight (1984) and the novels Love Medicine (1984), The Beet Queen (1986), and Tracks (1988), part of a projected tetralogy set between 1912-84, quickly established Erdrich as a major American writer.
Then we cut the wire with bolt-cutters--the "West Virginia credit card"--and dove at night, our jacklights trained on green water, attracting a fine mist of moths and mayflies.


People are instinctively curious and the need to explore is innate. When someone starts to learn the distances, size relationships and dynamics of other planets, nebulae, stars and galaxies by gazing directly at them through a telescope, paths to understanding our universe from a broader perspective gain greater clarity. Often an enlightening and, sometimes, euphoric feeling is experienced.
Some astronauts have reported a similar experience during spaceflight while seeing the Earth from orbit or from the Moon's surface... they call it the "Overview Effect", and it's a pretty good description of the transformation that many amateur astronomers have had.
The products and services we provide are meant to help you achieve a real transformative experience. Only you will know when it happens, but when it does, we encourage you to be resolved to share your knowledge and experience so that others can begin the journey for themselves.
So our mission is clear, and, above all else, our company is resolved to continual improvement in service, support and product reliability and design, because we know that this is what it takes. Our products, service and staff are here to nurture those who are just embarking and to create sustainability for those who are deep in their personal voyage of exploration.
This is why we have created Explore STAR for Explore Scientific Waterproof Eyepieces. This program offers satisfaction, our exclusive fully transferrable unlimited lifetime warranty, anytime free service and repurposing product that is returned for our trade-up program.
We know that you are busy and that your time is precious. So we are working towards eliminating the hassle of obtaining an authorization to send in your product for repairs or routine service. When you purchase an EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC product, you will notice that there are serial numbers on most telescopes, eyepieces and major components. Please use this number to register your item. Once registered, you may simply visit our returns portal and enter the reason for return and the serial number. This will generate all of the required Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) information. Simply drop it off and pick it up or provide round-trip shipping.
Prior to the return of any product or part, you must be registered as the current owner, and your RMA Number must be used. If you need help in using your RMA Number call us at 1-866-252-3811. Each returned product or part shipped to Explore Scientific must include the RMA number, a written statement detailing the nature of the claimed defect, as well as your name, return shipping address and your phone numbers where we and/or the carrier returning your product can reach you.
Anytime an EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC branded product needs adjustments, cleaning, or collimation, we will do this service for free, even beyond the warranty period. An RMA is required for this service as well. Simply drop it off and pick it up or provide round-trip shipping, and we will provide our professional service at no charge!
To make a return of a repair, for routine adjustments or for general service click here.
With a mission to make outdoor and scientific exploration accessible and affordable, EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC has been putting people on a path to adventure since 2008. A huge part of ensuring that our customers have the experiences they seek is providing unwavering support and product protection.
Upon receipt of your product, we encourage you to thoroughly inspect it, promptly register it and familiarize yourself with the applicable warranty coverage as outlined below. If you have any questions or concerns about your product and its warranty or if you need advice on getting started, please contact us at 1-866-252-3811.
To maximize the warranty coverage provided by EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC, it is important that you promptly register your product either by mailing in the enclosed card to 1010 South 48th Street, Springdale, AR 72762 or by visiting explorescientificusa.com/product-registration.
If registered within 60 days of purchase, your product will have additional warranty protection against manufacturer defects. When you purchase an EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC product, you will notice that there are serial numbers on most telescopes, microscopes, binoculars, riflescopes, eyepieces, and other major components or educational products. Please use this number to register your item. For products that do not include a serial number, use the product item number followed by the date of purchase expressed in a six-digit format. For example, a purchase date of January 1, 2018, would be entered as 010118.
We know that your time is precious, so we aim to eliminate the hassle of obtaining an authorization to send in your product for repairs or service. Once you have registered your product, you may visit our online customer service center (explorescientific.supportsync.com) and submit a request for warranty service. This will generate all the required RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) information. Prior to the return of any product or part, you must be registered as the current owner, and your Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number must be on the outside of the box. If you need help in using your Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number, please call us at 1-866-252-3811.
Each returned product or part shipped to EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC must include the RMA number, a written statement detailing the nature of the claimed defect, as well as your name, return shipping address, and a phone number where we and/or the carrier returning your product can reach you. If the return occurs within 30 days of the purchase date, contact our Customer Service Department to receive a prepaid return label to cover shipping costs related to returning the product to our facility.
If it has been more than 30 days since the item was purchased, customers are responsible for shipping costs related to returning the product to our facility. In the event, that you must return product to EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC, we recommend that you use a carrier that offers shipment tracking for all returns and insure your package for safe return to EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC so that you are completely protected if the shipment is lost or damaged in transit. If you choose not to (1) use a carrier that offers tracking or (2) insure or declare the full value of the product, you will be responsible for any lost shipment.
EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC warranties our products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a specified period based on product type. EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC will repair or replace such product or part thereof that upon inspection by EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC, is found to be defective in materials or workmanship. As a condition to the obligation of EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC to repair or replace such product, the product must be returned to EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC together with proof-of-purchase and product registration satisfactory to EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC.
Limited Warranty is in the USA, USA territories and Canada. For full warranty protection, the product must be registered within 60 days of purchase.
EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC LLC is the owner and assumes liability for all USA warranties of EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC. During the applicable warranty period, EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC will repair or replace the product, or part thereof, found upon inspection by EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC to be defective, provided the defective part or product is returned to EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC LLC, freight prepaid, with verification of product registration. EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC products purchased outside the United States and Canada are not included in this warranty, but are covered under separate warranties issued by authorized EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC International Distributors.
If you discover what you believe is a defective product or software from any third-party product, please contact the manufacturer of such third-party product directly for information regarding the manufacturer's warranty. Please note that products or software sold through the EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC online store that do not bear the EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC name or are not EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC's brands produced products are serviced and supported exclusively by their manufacturers in accordance with the terms and conditions packaged with the products.
EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC's warranties do not apply to products that are not EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC's brands, or other EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC produced products, even if packaged or sold with EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC products.
EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC products purchased through our Silver Grade program are covered for the same warranty protection periods outlined above in regard to functional and/or optical defects. Cosmetic issues such as dents and blemishes are not covered as these issues are inherent to the Silver Grade designation.
This warranty is not valid in cases where the product has been abused or mishandled or where unauthorized repairs have been attempted or performed. EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC specifically disclaims special, indirect, or consequential damages or lost profits, which may result from a breach of this warranty. Any implied warranties that cannot be disclaimed are hereby limited to a term of one year from the date of purchase by the original retail purchaser.
EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC reserves the right to change product specifications or to discontinue products without prior notice. All EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC's warranties are limited to the original owner. These warranties give you specific rights. You may have other rights, which vary from state to state.
Customers living outside of the USA, who have purchased an EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC product in the USA, your warranty is valid within the USA, however, customers returning a product from outside the USA for warranty repair/maintenance are responsible for shipping fees (customs, fees, duties, etc.) to and from our facility.
Certain state laws do not allow limitations on implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain damages. If these laws apply to you, some or all of the disclaimers, exclusions or limitations may not apply to you, and you might have additional rights.
APO/FPO Addresses: If you're an APO/FPO customer and you're outside the domestic delivery area, the standard EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC Warranty Policy applies. However, you are responsible for shipping the product back to a stateside return address, plus handling, customs, and inventory liability. Since you are responsible for the safe delivery of any product you are returning to EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC, we recommend that it is insured against loss.
As an owner of an EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC product, you may find that it is time to grow in your exploration and you would like to trade up for a higher performance product. For a selection of products, we do offer a trade-up program. To find out if your product qualifies or for additional details, please contact our Customer Service team at 1-866-252-3811. This program is for EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC products purchased from authorized dealers in the U.S. and Canada or direct from us.
Join the Explore Alliance and Protect Your Gear with Explore Care!
If you are interested in additional product protection options, EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC offers exclusive benefits to those who become members of the Explore Alliance. As a member of this community, you also will have access to special member pricing, new product previews and more. To find out more about this paid membership program and its benefits, visit explorescientificusa.com/explorealliance.


Conventional marketing methods, such as newspaper print and animated advertisements, have been lagging well behind SEO! It's been found that at least 61% of global Internet users will research their products online, citing convenience and accessibility as the most important and appealing aspects. Even popular social media outlets, such as Twitter and Instagram, are lagging behind SEO website traffic at a whopping 300%! But how does SEO work, anyway?
How Do I Use SEO?
SEO stands for 'search engine optimization' and functions by creating simple and informative articles that redirect customers to your website of choice. It's been found that as many as 80% of customers will ignore paid ads entirely and instead favor organic results. When 90% of all online searches begin with a popular search engine, and well over 100 billion global searches are conducted each month, a bounty of improvement is only a marketing change away!
Looking for the best SEO reselling approaches? Seek out an experienced SEO reseller with a background in writing and marketing. Ideal SEO reselling approaches involve taking the unique aspects of your business and expressing them to customers in simple and accessible formats. If you're media savvy and are trying to boost your own career, considering learning how to sell SEO and make the most of your marketing abilities. Whether you're selling your services or trying to buy, SEO has something for everybody!
This entry was posted	on Friday, December 11th, 2015 at 7:24 pm	and is filed under Best seo reselling approaches, Learning the seo trade, Seo reseller training. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


On the morning of April 17th, 2007, Falun Gong practitioners filed a lawsuit against Wu Guanzheng for the crimes of genocide and torture of Falun Gong practitioners in China. Wu, a member of the standing Committee of China's Communist Party Politburo and Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Chinese Communist Party, is currently visiting Spain.
Wu Guanzheng was Party Chief of Shandong Province between 1997 and November 2002. During this period, Wu was directly involved in carrying out Jiang Zemin's order of persecuting Falun Gong practitioners. At least one hundred Falun Gong practitioners were tortured to death in Shandong Province, making the province one of the most severe areas of persecution in China.
Currently the Justice Department of Spain has started its investigation into the Chinese Communist regime's genocide against Falun Gong. In June 2006, the Spanish National Court accepted the lawsuit against Jia Qinglin, a member of the standing Committee of China's Communist Party Politburo and Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Committee. The Spanish Justice organisation already formerly started the legal procedure to investigate his crimes against Falun Gong.
The judge already applied to the United Nations' Human Rights Commission, Amnesty International and other human rights organisations for information. Aside from this, the judge has personally requested to the Chinese Government, through the Spanish Foreign Department, for information of the Chinese Communist regime's persecution of Falun Gong. An international arrest warrant was issued for Jia Qinglin so that if Jia visits other European countries, he faces arrest and extradition to Spain.
The prime culprits of this most severe persecution in human history, former head of the Chinese Communist Party Jiang Zemin and senior CCP official Luo Gang, are also under close watch by the Spanish Justice Department. Recently the Spanish Supreme Court and the Constitution Court has started to collect evidence of the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners from the lawyers.
Falun Dafa Practitioners in Spain Wish Compassionate Great Master Happy New Year!


Well, I am back in the interlinkONE office after a few days at Graph Expo. While the mirror may be saying that my eyes look very tired today, I honestly have come away from the show feeling energized and excited.
Sure, the print industry is going through a major transition. Hearing some of the statistics by Dr. Joe Webb on Tuesday morning regarding the number of companies that have closed down, the decrease in print shipments, etc., can certainly be sobering. However, the overall theme that I have taken away from the show is that most printers recognize what's happening, and they are taking steps to keep their business viable.
They are making changes so that they can offer solutions that use multiple marketing channels. These changes might affect the hardware and software that they own, and just as importantly, it affects the resources and staff that have on hand.
I discovered Jennifer's blog about two months ago, and I was instantly impressed by the way she writes. She provides content that printers absolutely need to hear! Her blog is quickly turning into a multi-channel experience. She also provides a podcast series, webinars, and more.
We are members of Dscoop and we exhibit at their shows. At their Graph Expo event Monday night, there were QR Codes everywhere! They were on the shirts of the staff… they were on table tents… they were on posters in the hallways. They pushed out text message alerts to remind registrants about their Tuesday morning leadership breakfast. Certainly, an association that uses multi-channel efforts to reach their client-base is one that printers can learn from.
Full disclosure — A&M Label is a customer of ours. They are using our QReate & Track software to generate QR Codes and measure their success. They are already having quite a bit of success in regards to using QR Codes for their clients, and trust me on this: they are going to be doing a lot more! Certainly, a lot of companies are starting to become excited about QR Codes now — at A&M Label, they are already making it happen.
Still skeptical about social media? Talk to Maigen Sawyers of Ideal Printers. She introduced me to their company blog – Hot off the Presses. They are using the blog to showcase some of their recent work. The quality of the pictures on the site is honestly amazing. I was not surprised at all to hear Maigen share stories of some of the entries on their blog have already led to new business opportunities for them.
W2P is a Web-to-Print strategy and implementation consultancy business from the UK, but they go all around the globe. Peter demonstrated some apps on the iPhone and iPad that blew me away. I look forward to seeing more!
These are just a few of the people that are responsible for me leaving this Graph Expo in a very happy mood. There were many more, and I apologize for not listing you all! But I hope that you find a bit of inspiration from these people, just like I did.
I had a great time chatting with you at Graph Expo as well. Thanks for also putting me in your Graph Expo inspiration list — truly great company!