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Social Skills 101: The Handshake
By Hannah February 27, 2017 5 Mins Read
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Oh the handshake, the clasping of hands with a friend or stranger can be a weird experience. Researchers have actually developed a formula to help us give the perfect handshake. It breaks down important factors like temperature, vigor, smile, eye contact, completeness of grip, and dryness (This same study found that 19% of the participants hated the act of the handshake). But, it doesn't cover what the function of the handshake is or why handshakes become less appealing when you give yourself the chance to think about them.
Social rituals are strange, most rituals are when you aren't familiar with them or their function is unclear. To a lot of people, handshakes don't make much sense. They require physical contact with someone you might not know or like, they don't appear to be an assurance of anything other than the person you are handshaking with being able to handshake, and different cultures have different rules about the length, grip and accompanying elements of a handshake. Not to mention that within cultures, people handshake differently. Which makes handshakes even more confusing. Throw in the saying, "you can tell a lot about a person from their handshake", and it feels like an obligatory eye roll is the only reasonable response.
Then there's the way you grasp their hand: if you try and interlace fingers, you might end up recreating a scene from a 1980s pop video that ultimately makes you both feel uncomfortable, if you don't grip tightly enough then you are judged as having a "weak handshake" which is "obviously" indicative of a weak character, if you grip too tightly then you will earn a reputation for breaking people's hands and if you don't grip at all it can stifle the communication that follows. None of these are ideal. There is also, what I like to call, the "perch" handshake. I call it "the perch" because the percher brings their hand down in a similar way that they would do for a hand-kiss , but the intention is to hold hands, so their hand falls over your outreached-expecting-a-normal-handshake-hand which leaves you with the simple option of holding their fingers and proceeding as if you were handshaking another outstretched hand or you could try and pry their hand open enough so your palms can touch (I wouldn't advise this, they've already made this unclear custom awkward. Roll with it). When shaking hands with a percher, the way that they hold their hand looks as if it is calling for a small bird to fly in and sit atop it, officiating the handshake, but this doesn't happen.
Image description: A man with dark hair and a beard in a suit and tie standing aggressively and puffing his chest up facing a blonde woman in makeup, a shirt jacket, skirt and heels stands on a rock with her arms above her head like a preying mantis and growls at him, while a man in a suit and tie in the background stands and watches timidly from behind a tree. Text reads, "Handshake origins predate written history. Historians theorize the the handshake was a way to assure peace and nonaggression by showing that you weren't carrying a piece. The shaking motion was supposed to dislodge any sharp objects that may have been hiding in the sleeve. * Practiced in ancient Greece as early as 5th Century BC. * Extended hands were found in Egyptian hieroglyphics."It's been suggested that the original function of a handshake was to assure peace, demonstrate that you were not carrying weapons and, according to the infographic above, the shaking motion was introduced to dislodge any potential weapons being hidden in sleeves.
Another function is olfactory: In some human cultures a quick sniff is part of the traditional greeting ritual. Research from the Weizmann Institute suggests that human handshakes replace overt sniffing behaviour by transferring social chemical signals between the shakers. How? It appears that there is a tendency to bring the shaken hands to the vicinity of the nose and smell them.
Image Description: A man with dark hair and a beard in a suit and tie and a blonde woman in a suit sniff each other while standing in waist deep water. Text reads: The olfactory purpose of the primal handshake: "At its evolutionary origins, handshaking might have also served to convey odor signals, and such signaling may still be a meaningful, albeit subliminal, component of this custom." – Professor Noam Sobel, Weizmann Institute. * Basically, handshaking may provide people with a socially acceptable way of communicating via smell, replacing a more obvious sniffing behavior.
So the handshake is an old social contract and, potentially, an adventure in pheromone swapping. Another possible function could also be that the handshake was a protective way to engage in physical contact while maintaining distance between the handshakers.
But what about the hygiene aspect? Research has shown that handshakes spread a number of pathogens, certain diseases and viruses spread through skin-to-skin contact, and one medical study found that a high five or a fist bump spreads fewer germs than a handshake. These findings more than validate a dislike of handshaking.
Some social rituals are awkward, and when you break the handshake down it is equally interesting and questionable. Engage in them how you want to, and if you don't want to handshake or you don't like shaking hands then politely decline and greet people with a fist bump or a wave. While there is a lot of information about handshaking online and in body language books, it doesn't mean that it is an obligatory social rule. It's just a social norm and, in the words of Anthony Storr, "originality implies being bold enough to go beyond accepted norms".
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Author Hannah
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home | wrestling | flashback_reviews | wwe | royal-rumble
Royal Rumble: Through The Years (Part 1, 1988-1993)
WrestleMania is often the pinnacle of the calendar year in WWE, with an exciting atmosphere, jacked up crowds, and more often than not, outstanding lineups, even in years when the creative direction doesn�t quite meet expectations. The only other night of the year that comes close is the annual Royal Rumble PPV, featuring a 30 (and in one instance each, 20 and 40) WWE Superstars in a Battle Royal style match, with the winner of the match earning a shot at a World Championship, a reward that has been in place since the 1993 PPV (there was no reward for 1988-1991, and in 1992 the prize was the WWF Championship). Even though the Rumble PPV has featured some outstanding matches over the years, we�re going to look back at every Royal Rumble Match, starting in 1988. The first official Rumble Match, according to TheHistoryofWWE.com, took place in St. Louis, MO in October of 1987, but wasn�t in front of cameras, and from old Wrestling Observer records, it wasn�t a good debut, either. We will touch up on each card (and yes, I�ll have my official star ratings handy), but this will be primarily about the Rumble Match itself, so don�t be too disappointed....
1988 (January 24th, The Copps Coliseum @ Hamilton, Ontario, Canada)
Participants Order of Entry and Elimination...
1. Bret Hart, 2. Tito Santana, 3. "The Natural" Butch Reed, 4. Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart, 5. Jake "The Snake" Roberts, 6. King Harley Race, 7. "Jumping" Jim Brunzell, 8. Sam Houston, 9. "Dangerous" Danny Davis, 10. Boris Zhukov, 11. "The Rock" Don Muraco, 12. Nikolai Volkoff, 13. "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan, 14. "The Outlaw" Ron Bass, 15. B. Brian Blair, 16. Hillbilly Jim, 17. Dino Bravo, 18. The Ultimate Warrior, 19. One Man Gang, 20. Junkyard Dog
1. Butch Reed (by Roberts), 2. Tito Santana (by Hart Foundation), 3. Boris Zhukov (by Roberts & Brunzell), 4. Harley Race (by Muraco), 5. Jim Brunzell (by Volkoff), 6. Jim Neidhart (by Hillbilly Jim), 7. Sam Houston (by Bass), 8. Bret Hart (by Muraco), 9. B. Brian Blair (by Gang), 10. Jake Roberts (by Gang), 11. Nikolai Volkoff (by Duggan), 12. Hillbilly Jim (by Gang), 13. Danny Davis (by Duggan), 14. Ultimate Warrior (by Gang & Bravo), 15. Junkyard Dog (by Bass), 16. Ron Bass (by Muraco), 17. Don Muraco (by Gang & Bravo), 18. Dino Bravo (by Gang), 19. One Man Gang (by Duggan), WINNER: JIM DUGGAN
Memorable Moments and Random Tidbits...
The rule of thumb is to start the Royal Rumble Match with a hot opening sequence or with one or two of the best wrestlers in the company. Bret Hart and Tito Santana started, which definitely proves that theory correct. At the opposite end of the spectrum, some of the final names to enter? Notable work-rate horses Hillbilly Jim, the Junkyard Dog, One Man Gang, Ultimate Warrior, and Dino Bravo.
"The Natural" Butch Reed is the first ever eliminated participant, courtesy of Jake "The Snake" Roberts during a failed 3-on-1 attack on Santana.
The One Man Gang took home honors for most eliminations, with 6 (solo eliminations of Blair, Roberts, Hillbilly Jim, and accidentally Dino Bravo, and teamed with Bravo to toss out the Warrior and Muraco). Don Muraco (Race, Bret, and Bass) and Jim Duggan (Volkoff, Davis, and the Gang) each tallied 3 eliminations.
The "every man for himself" rule need not apply. The commentary from Vince McMahon and Jesse Ventura even suggests and encourages that the good guys work together against the bad guys. The only moment I noticed where it was actually heel vs. heel was a short altercation between King Harley Race and Boris Zhukov. How about that for random?
At one point, there�s just too many faces in the ring (around the time of Duggan�s entrance), so there�s a lot of standing around because the ratio is too unbalanced, and when the babyfaces are double teaming heels, there�s hardly any heat.
This is the only match that I can think of where real-life relatives Jake Roberts and Sam Houston are involved. I�m sure I saw them work together for a moment, but they mostly stayed away from each other. If only Rockin� Robin were allowed in the Rumble Match...
Bret Hart sets the first record for the Iron Man Award, starting the match and lasting until the arrival of the Ultimate Warrior at #18, approximately 27-minutes (the 2-minute intervals were poorly). Junkyard Dog sets the mark for least amount of time in the ring at around 2-minutes (and he already looked blown up as he entered the ring).
Speaking of poorly timed intervals, I wonder if the arrival of all the poor wrestlers at the end was the reason for the accelerated clocks? Go back and time it out, when Warrior arrives, the countdown begins in about 45-seconds, and after the One Man Gang enters, it�s just slightly over a minute until JYD rounds out the field.
Harley Race hangs around for a while following his elimination, just for the sake of taking a cheap shot at Jim Duggan.
Filing this under the "doing it for old time�s sake" category, I got a kick out of Jim Brunzell rushing in and immediately going after Bret Hart and the Anvil. The Bees and Foundation must�ve wrestled hundreds of times between 1986-87. Not counting the funeral known as Mania IV, this might�ve been the last Bees vs. Foundation encounter televised.
While there was never an official list of participants announced before the show, one of the names promoted to appear was Bam Bam Bigelow, but he neither appeared on this show or on the card held in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Also odd to see that Tito Santana was a participant, but not fellow Strike Force member and co-holder of the Tag Team Titles, Rick Martel.
Rumble Match Rating: It was the first of its kind, so there wasn�t much of a measuring tool to gauge this with. There was never much of a lull in the action, thanks to only being 20 participants deep, and for the most part, everyone worked hard or had enough energy to make everything look exciting (again, most everyone. Still looking at you, Junkyard Dog). We didn�t get many big spots or anyone running through the competition, but it served its purpose of holding interest of the crowd for a longer-than-usual match than WWF was used to doing, and kicked off a yearly tradition. Give this one a look for historical factors, but you�ll likely be disappointed by the undercard feel of everyone involved. ***
The Undercard:
Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat def. "Ravishing" Rick Rude by Disqualification. I never understood the love for Steamboat. The guy dogged it as hard and as much as anyone else, and was a total flake when it came to sticking around. Rude didn�t help much either, relying mostly on rest holds. [*1/2]
The Jumping Bomb Angels def. The Glamour Girls in a 2 out of 3 Falls Match (2-1) for the WWF Women�s Tag Team Championship. Vince only refers to the JBA�s by the color of their trunks until the second fall. [***1/4]
The Islanders def. The Young Stallions in a 2 out of 3 Falls Match (2-0). Roma sold a serious knee injury mid-way through, but it was a total work, appearing as advertised at live shows the rest of the week. [**]
Hulk Hogan and Andre The Giant signed the contract for a WWF Championship Match to be featured on a Prime Time Special on February 5th. Yes, someone was physically assaulted.
Dino Bravo, with a little bit of help from Jesse Ventura, attempted to break the World Bench Pres Record of 710 pounds. This went on for a needlessly long 15-minutes.
1989 (January 15th, The Summit @ Houston, TX)
1. Ax, 2. Smash, 3. Andre The Giant, 4. "Mr. Perfect" Curt Hennig, 5. "Rugged" Ronnie Garvin, 6. Greg "The Hammer" Valentine, 7. Jake "The Snake" Roberts, 8. "The Outlaw" Ron Bass, 9. Shawn Michaels, 10. Butch, 11. The Honkytonk Man, 12. Tito Santana, 13. Bad News Brown, 14. Marty Jannetty, 15. "Macho Man" Randy Savage, 16. Arn Anderson, 17. Tully Blanchard, 18. Hulk Hogan, 19. Luke, 20. Koko B. Ware, 21. The Warlord, 22. Big Boss Man, 23. Akeem, 24. Brutus "The Barber" Beefcake, 25. The Red Rooster, 26. The Barbarian, 27. Big John Studd, 28. Hercules, 29. Rick Martel, 30. "Million $ Man" Ted Dibiase
1. Smash (by Andre), 2. Ronnie Garvin (by Andre), 3. Jake Roberts (by Andre), 4. Ax (by Hennig), 5. Andre The Giant (Self-Eliminated), 6. Honkytonk Man (by Santana & Butch), 7. Ron Bass (by the Rockers), 8. Greg Valentine (by Savage), 9. Shawn Michaels (by Savage & Anderson), 10. Marty Jannetty (by the Brain Busters), 11. Curt Hennig (by Hogan), 12. Tito Santana (by Savage & Anderson), 13. Butch (by Brown), 14. Koko B. Ware (by Hogan), 15. Luke (by Hogan), 16. Arn Anderson (by Hogan), 17. Tully Blanchard (by Hogan), The Warlord (by Hogan), 19. Bad News Brown (by Hogan), 20. Randy Savage (by Hogan), 21. Hulk Hogan (by Boss Man & Akeem), 22. Big Boss Man (by Hogan), 23. Red Rooster (by Dibiase), 24. Hercules (by Dibiase & Barbarian), 25. Brutus Beefcake (by Dibiase & Barbarian), 26. The Barbarian (by Martel), 27. Rick Martel (by Akeem), 28. Akeem (by Studd), 29. Ted Dibiase (by Studd), WINNER: BIG JOHN STUDD
To put emphasis on the "every man for himself" stipulation, co-holders of the Tag Team Championship, Demolition�s Ax and Smash, draw #1 and #2 and go at it for a couple of minutes. Unlike in the 1988 Rumble, there�s a lot of face vs. face and heel vs. heel situations, meaning the significant amount of awkward standing around and faces looking for something to do has been corrected.
Andre The Giant draws #3 of course, because who else would be able to fight off the combined efforts of the Tag Team Champions? Andre is the main attraction for the first quarter of the match, constantly fighting off double and triple team efforts and tossing a few guys along the way. As soon as Jake Roberts enters, the switch goes up and he just aggressively destroys Roberts for two full minutes before easily tossing him. The only complaint with the whole sequence is Andre�s lame self-elimination, running away from a returning Roberts, with Damien in hand.
Here�s an odd match-up you wouldn�t think about seeing: Mr. Perfect vs. The Honkytonk Man. For a baby-face scenario? Luke and Koko B. Ware double teaming Hulk Hogan.
Is it fitting for Bad News Brown to draw #13?
Tito Santana and Greg Valentine go at it for the "old time�s sake" moment, but the commentary doesn�t pick up on it.
After about 8 minutes or so to cool the crowd off from the Andre Spectacle, we have our next hot sequence, the arrival of Randy Savage, who makes Bad News Brown his main focus, but also finds time to participate in unusual team-ups, like helping Arn Anderson throw out Shawn Michaels.
Hulk Hogan has the most eliminations for this Rumble and sets a new high, throwing out 9 participants (1 illegally): Curt Hennig, Koko, Luke, The Warlord, The Brain Busters, Bad News, Savage, and the Boss Man. Andre The Giant had the next highest total, eliminating 4 (Smash, Garvin, and Roberts), including himself.
Mr. Perfect�s 28-minutes in the ring is the longest of the match, and sets the new mark for the Iron Man in a Royal Rumble Match. The Warlord, on the other hand, set the infamous record for shortest time in the ring, at approximately 2-seconds, a record that would stand for at least two decades.
In a laughable moment on commentary, Gorilla Monsoon complains that Boss Man and Akeem are double teaming a man who has been in the ring for roughly half-an-hour. Ventura naturally blows a gasket, and rightfully so. Hogan�s in-ring time was around the 8-minute mark.
With the departure of top baby-faces Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage, the crowd really fizzles out with a weak final quarter (15-minutes), "highlighted" by Big John Studd hugging Akeem for what feels like an eternity. Speaking of Studd, yeah, he�s winning to establish him as a big player after two and half years away from the WWF scene.
Ted Dibiase buys the #30 spot. Because he can.
Rumble Match Rating: Things start off exciting with Ax and Smash fighting, and Andre The Giant carrying the first 15-minutes by working fun sequence with everyone that enters. The middle portion features a lot of decent action with guys like Savage, Bad News, Hennig, Santana, Michaels, and the Brain Busters, and then Hulk Hogan comes in and explodes, cleaning house of nearly one third of the field. The final 10+ minutes falls a bit flat, but it�s always fun to see a nefarious heel get what he has coming to him, especially when he tries to buy the best spot in the match. ***1/2
The Hart Foundation and "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan def. The Fabulous Rougeau Brothers and Dino Bravo in a 2-out-of-3 Falls Match (2-1). The Foundation have been feuding with former manager Jimmy Hart since their split in the Summer of �88, and wow was Duggan vs. Bravo lighting the world on fire. Decent match, but I just couldn�t get into it, and don�t really care for the majority of the participants. [**]
Rockin� Robin def. Judy Martin to retain the WWF Women�s Championship. LONG and DULL. The Coliseum Video version edits it down to about 2-minutes long, and that�s not me complaining. For those paying attention, yes, Judy Martin worked consecutive Royal Rumble cards. Sensational Sherri�s guest commentary was pretty lousy, too. [*1/2]
King Haku def. Harley Race to determine the undisputed King of the WWF. Bobby Heenan was at ringside playing both sides, but Race was technically working face in a very forgettable run to end his WWF in-ring career. Crowd was mostly dead, not knowing who to cheer for, since the Race face push was so under the radar that it mostly went unnoticed. [**1/4]
Intercontinental Champion Utimate Warrior and "Ravishing" Rick Rude have a "Super Posedown" in place of actually competing in an actual match. Just like the Dino Bravo/Bench Press nonsense, this goes on for way too long, about 15-minutes, and the predictable beat-down comes after the crowd blindly cheers Warrior�s poses.
We get to see a handful of Superstars reactions to drawing their numbers. Most of them are disappointed, especially Ted Dibiase, who was eager to strike a deal with Slick, who seemed very pleased with what his men pulled.
1990 (January 21st, The Orlando Arena @ Orlando, FL)
Participants Order of Entry and Elimination:
1. "Million $ Man" Ted Dibiase, 2. Koko B. Ware, 3. Marty Jannetty, 4. Jake "The Snake" Roberts, 5. "Macho King" Randy Savage, 6. "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, 7. The Warlord, 8. Bret "Hitman" Hart, 9. Bad News Brown, 10. Dusty Rhodes, 11. Andre The Giant, 12. The Red Rooster, 13. Ax, 14. Haku, 15. Smash, 16. Akeem, 17. "Superfly" Jimmy Snuka, 18. Dino Bravo, 19. Canadian Earthquake, 20. Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart, 21. The Ultimate Warrior, 22. "The Model" Rick Martel, 23. Tito Santana, 24. The Honkytonk Man, 25. Hulk Hogan, 26. Shawn Michaels, 27. The Barbarian, 28. "Ravishing" Rick Rude, 29. Hercules, 30. Mr. Perfect
1. Koko B. Ware (by Dibiase), 2. Marty Jannetty (by Dibiase), 3. Jake Roberts (by Savage), 4. Randy Savage (by Rhodes), 5. The Warlord (by Andre), 6. Bad News Brown (by Piper), 7. Roddy Piper (by Brown), 8. The Red Rooster (by Andre), 9. Bret Hart (by Rhodes), 10. Andre The Giant (by Demolition), 11. Akeem (by Snuka), 12. Dusty Rhodes (by Earthquake), 13. Ax (by Earthquake), 14. Canadian Earthquake (by Dibiase, Smash, Neidhart, Snuka, and Haku), 15. Dino Bravo (by Warrior), 16. Smash (by Haku), 17. Jim Neidhart (by Warrior), 18. Ted Dibiase (by Warrior), 19. Jimmy Snuka (by Hogan), 20. Haku (by Hogan), 21. Tito Santana (by Martel & Warrior), 22. The Honkytonk Man (by Hogan), 23. Shawn Michaels (by Warrior), 24. Rick Martel (by Warrior), 25. The Ultimate Warrior (by Hogan), 26. The Barbarian (by Hercules), 27. Hercules (by Rude), 28. Rick Rude (by Perfect), 29. Mr. Perfect (by Hogan), WINNER: HULK HOGAN
Memorable Moments and Random Tidbits:
It wasn�t announced on television, but the official Royal Rumble program listed "The Widow Maker" Barry Windham as a participant. He was replaced by the Red Rooster.
It always seemed odd to me that in the early days of the Royal Rumble, they made sure to keep entry numbers secret, but here, it�s revealed throughout the show that Ted Dibiase�s number was picked for him and he�s assigned #1, while Mr. Perfect drew "the perfect number" of #30.
For reasons unexplained, Entrants #3 and #4 come out to their theme music, and then nobody else. Rumble entries that didn�t draw #1 and #2 didn�t come out to their music until 1996. My theory was that since #1 eliminated #2 before #3 came in, and #3 before #4 came in, they decided to have their music play (and who didn�t get excited for Roberts� music?).
Managers are allowed at ringside, which gives Virgil countless opportunities to save Dibiase from potential elimination.
Ted Dibiase is the first man to draw #30 one year and the next year draw #1. Another instance where a strong worker begins the match and carries most of the work-load. He easily disposes of Koko B. Ware and Marty Jannetty, leading into an incredibly hot sequence that involves Jake Roberts, Roddy Piper, and Randy Savage in what has the be considered a Tag Team Dream Match we never got in the WWF.
It�s been said before and it�ll be said again: Shane McMahon is one of the referees at ringside and gets quite a bit of screen-time trying to break up the brawl between Piper and Bad News.
For the second year in a row, Ax and Smash find themselves in the ring with Andre The Giant, but unlike in the �89 Rumble, are able to pound away on the Giant until he goes tumbling over the top rope for one of the biggest eliminations of the match, and a thankful make-up for Andre�s lame self-elimination from a year earlier.
The elimination of (the Canadian) Earthuake requires the largest team-up in the short history of the Royal Rumble Match: Excluding ally Dino Bravo, the participants in the ring to help get him over and out includes Jim Neidhart, Smash, Haku, Ted Dibiase, and Jimmy Snuka.
Plenty of opportunities to see rivals going at it: Roberts vs. Dibiase, Demolition v. The Colossal Connection, Rhodes vs. Savage, Warrior vs. Dino Bravo, Santana vs. Martel, and of course, Hogan vs. Mr. Perfect.
Ted Dibiase is the 1990 Rumble�s Iron Man, and once again, we have a new record, with him spending about 45-minutes in the match, eliminated shortly before the arrival of #25. Shawn Michaels takes home the "honor" of shortest time in the ring, arriving in the middle of Hogan and Warrior�s house cleaning session, and lasting about 12-seconds.
Ultimate Warrior with the most eliminations with 6 (Bravo, Neidhart, Dibiase, Santana, Michaels, Martel), with Hulk Hogan right behind him with 5 (Snuka, Haku, Honkytonk Man, Warrior, and Perfect).
Hulk Hogan and Ultimate Warrior�s memorable first-ever in-ring confrontation is a stare-down, a couple of shoves, and the criss-cross clothesline spot. That�s all you needed. Since it would be hard to believe one heel could work over both of them for 2-minutes, Rick Rude jumps the gun to even things out. Hogan tries helping Warrior out, and for the second year in a row "accidentally" eliminates his rival for top babyface in the company.
Mr. Perfect gives Hulk Hogan the Perfect-Plex for the sake of making Hogan do his Hulk-Up sequence. Also, the clip of Hogan eliminating Perfect was recycled a few years later in the commercial for the Royal Rumble on SNES and Sega Genesis.
Rumble Match Rating: With only a few sequences of lull, this was easily the most enjoyable Rumble Match to date, with plenty of star power, excitement, hard work, and strong booking. It also helps that the ring never fills up too much, making the action hard to follow. Dibiase started with good mini-matches, followed by an awesome series with Savage, Roberts, and Piper, the mini-match involving Demolition and the Colossal Connection, the Piper/Brown double elimination and brawl, the gaggle of participants ganging up on Earthquake, Hogan and Warrior cleaning house until we got their big showdown, and a hot finish with Hogan and Mr. Perfect. [****1/4]
The Undercard...
The Bushwhackers def. The Fabulous Rougeau Brothers in what could generously be considered a comedy match. The Rougeau Brothers have been off TV since the Survivor Series, and this would mark their last match together as a team in the WWF. Raymond would settle into a non-wrestling role doing interviews and handling commentary on foreign shows, while Jacques would return a year later, repackaged as "The Mountie." [DUD]
Brutus "The Barber" Beefcake fought The Genius to a Double Disqualification. All angles and little on wrestling quality. Only purpose it served was to pass Beefcake off into a program with Mr. Perfect. Just way too long for a PPV match featuring someone who was mostly used as a Manager. [DUD]
"Rugged" Ronnie Garvin def. Greg "The Hammer" Valentine in a Submission Match to blow-off an angle that began a few weeks after WrestleMania V. Not an exciting match, but these two had solid chemistry and was easily the best non-Rumble Match on the PPV. [***]
"Hacksaw" Jim Duggan def. The Big Boss Man by Disqualification. Decent match between brawlers, but that doesn�t mean it was good, either. [*1/2]
The 1990 edition of filling time is a Brother Love Show with Sapphire and the Sensational Queen Sherri, which means we�re going to begin the feud between the Macho King and "the Common Man", Dusty Rhodes. I didn�t mind this feud, but I can see why some were displeased with Savage�s placement on the card.
1991 (January 19th, The Miami Arena @ Miami, FL)
1. Bret "Hitman" Hart, 2. Dino Bravo, 3. Greg "The Hammer" Valentine, 4. Paul Roma, 5. The Texas Tornado, 6. "The Model" Rick Martel, 7. Saba Simba, 8. Butch, 9. Jake "The Snake" Roberts, 10. Hercules, 11. Tito Santana, 12. The Undertaker, 13. "Superfly" Jimmy Snuka, 14. The British Bulldog, 15. Smash, 16. Hawk, 17. Shane Douglas, 18. NO ARRIVAL (Randy Savage), 19. Animal, 20. Crush, 21. "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan, 22. Earthquake, 23. Mr. Perfect, 24. Hulk Hogan, 25. Haku, 26. Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart, 27. Luke, 28. Brian Knobbs, 29. The Warlord, 30. Tugboat
1. Dino Bravo (by Valentine), 2. Saba Simba (by Martel), 3. Paul Roma (by Roberts), 4. Bret Hart (by Undertaker), 5. Butch (by Undertaker), 6. Jake Roberts (by Martel), 7. The Texas Tornado (by Undertaker), 8. Jimmy Snuka (by Hawk), 9. NON-ARRIVAL OF #18, 10. The Undertaker (by LOD), 11. Hawk (by Martel & Hercules), 12. Animal (by Earthquake), 13. Jim Duggan (by Perfect), 14. Smash (by Hogan), 15. Greg Valentine (by Hogan), 16. Tito Santana (by Earthquake), 17. Luke (by Earthquake), 18. Hercules (by Knobbs), 19. Crush (by Hogan), 20. The Warlord (by Hogan), 21. Shane Douglas (by Knobbs), 22. Tugboat (by Hogan), 23. Mr. Perfect (by Bulldog), 24. Jim Neidhart (by Martel), 25. Haku (by Bulldog), 26. Rick Martel (by Bulldog), 27. The British Bulldog (by Earthquake & Knobbs), 28. Brian Knobbs (by Hogan), 29. Earthquake (by Hogan), WINNER: HULK HOGAN
The list of substitutions, which may or may not be accurate: Originally announced on television to be participants were the Honkytonk Man and Andre The Giant, and even though it�s not the greatest source, WWF Magazine published an article including Jobber "Playboy" Buddy Rose among the participants (considering Shane Douglas was a participant and rarely used as more than a scrub, it�s possible). I�m not entirely sure who took those three spots, but I believe Tito Santana and Brian Knobbs were among them.
Shane McMahon is once again one of the referees confirming eliminations.
Bret Hart has the honor of starting the Royal Rumble for the second time in his three Rumble appearances, this time put in a situation to carry Dino Bravo for two minutes, as well as a lot of the work-load (along with Valentine and Martel) for what I�d consider a weaker pool of talent.
Greg Valentine going after Dino Bravo is presented as a big surprise, when he had already turned face on television. The turn occurred at the MSG show closing out 1990, and was mentioned on Superstars and Challenge a week or two later.
Saba Simba. I was recently asked what I thought was one of the most racially insensitive gimmicks ever, and when I responded "Saba Simba" and offered visual proof, yeah, the reactions you were going to expect. Tony Atlas� only PPV appearance under the gimmick, and he only lasts about 2-minutes. I would like to mention again, that Roddy Piper didn�t expose the gimmick, the point of the gimmick WAS the fact that Tony Atlas had "gone back to his roots."
The crowd gets really amped for the first extensive in-ring exchange between Rick Martel and Jake Roberts since the blinding angle began about three months prior. Over that span, Model would find ways to escape harm and avoid confrontation.
This is the first Rumble Match to really suffer from over-crowding. Far too often there�s somewhere in the neighborhood of 9, 10, or 11 participants, making it harder to follow any interesting action, and usually means heavier emphasis on the rope lean. There�s also never a spot where one person goes crazy and cleans house.
The Undertaker (still managed by Brother Love) gets one of the stronger showings, easily eliminating the fatigued Bret Hart, along with the Texas Tornado and Butch of the Bushwhackers before being eliminated via double clothesline from the Legion of Doom (to one of the biggest pops of the match).
Randy Savage misses his number because he was chased out of the building by an irate Ultimate Warrior. I can�t think of a better reason for failing to arrive for the match than that.
The crowd wakes up for Hulk Hogan�s arrival. Other than the Undertaker�s elimination, there hasn�t much to get excited about for roughly 20 minutes. He quickly goes after Earthquake since it�s one of the few feuds worth ring time in this match.
Who�s sick idea of a rib was it to put HERCULES in this thing for nearly 30-minutes?!
Odd match-up of the year: Hulk Hogan and Shane Douglas double-teaming Crush of Demolition.
Greg Valentine sets the mark for longest tenure in this match at 44-minutes just shy of Dibiase�s record from 1990, only for Rick Martel to break it a short while later, setting the new record at around the 52-minute mark. Bushwhacker Luke spent the least amount of time in the ring, approximately 4-seconds, marching his way in, getting thrown out by Earthquake, and marching his way back to the locker room, uninterrupted.
Hulk Hogan walks away with the most eliminations for the second time in Rumble History, tossing out 7 participants (Smash, Crush, Valentine, Warlord, Tugboat, Knobbs, and Earthquake).
For the second time in three years, Hogan throws out his closest friend/ally. This year�s victim: Tugboat. Unlike with Savage in 1989, Tugboat actually instigated the situation, so Hogan was just retaliating.
Rumble Match Rating: This one really suffered from an over-crowded ring. There�s too many people in for most of the match, and very little side stories or sequences to get worked up about. You had two iron men, but neither was a true threat to win the match, there wasn�t any big ring clearing sequence, and the most memorable moment was a comedy elimination of Bushwhacker Luke. It wasn�t AWFUL, just not very exciting. **1/2
The Rockers def. The Orient Express in one of the best undercard matches in Royal Rumble history. This would be the Tanaka and Kato (Paul Diamond) version of the team, which is generally regarded as far superior to Tanaka teaming with Sato. [****1/4]
The Big Boss Man def. The Barbarian in his on-going quest to get revenge on the Heenan Family for the remarks made about his beloved mother. Too bad Rick Rude leaving the company left us without a true blow-off to the angle. Surprisingly good match, too. [***]
Sgt. Slaughter def. The Ultimate Warrior for the WWF Championship thanks to an absurd amount of outside interference from Randy Savage and Sensational Sherri. Earlier in the night, Warrior turned down Sherri�s advances in exchange for a title shot for the Macho King. Bad match, but it set us on the path for the "Career Ending Match" at WrestleMania VII. [*1/2]
The Mountie def. Koko B. Ware in a match thrown out there for the dead crowd to recover for what was to follow. [1/2*]
Ted Dibiase and Virgil def. Dusty and Dustin Rhodes when Dibiase pinned Dusty after physically assaulting his own partner. Post-match, Virgil finally had enough of Dibiase�s ordering him around and turned face with a belt shot the face. So-so match, excellent post-match. [**]
1992 (January 19th, Knickerbocker Arena @ Albany, NY)
1. The British Bulldog, "Million $ Man" Ted Dibiase, 3. Ric Flair, 4. Jerry Sags, 5. Haku, 6. Shawn Michaels, 7. "El Matador" Tito Santana, 8. The Barbarian, 9. The Texas Tornado, 10. Repo Man, 11. Greg "The Hammer" Valentine, 12. Nikolai Volkoff, 13. Big Boss Man, 14. Hercules, 15. "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, 16. Jake "The Snake" Roberts, 17. "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan, 18. Irwin R. Schyster, 19. "Superfly" Jimmy Snuka, 20. The Undertaker, 21. "Macho Man" Randy Savage, 22. The Berzerker, 23. Virgil, 24. Col. Mustafa, 25. "The Model" Rick Martel, 26. Hulk Hogan, 27. Skinner, 28. Sgt. Slaughter, 29. Sid Justice, 30. The Warlord
1. Ted Dibiase (by Bulldog), 2. Jerry Sags (by Bulldog), 3. Haku (by Bulldog), 4. Nikolai Volkoff (by Repo Man), 5. Greg Valentine (by Repo Man), 6. Repo Man (by Boss Man), 7. The British Bulldog (by Flair), 8. The Texas Tornado (by Flair), 9. Tito Santana (by Michaels), 10. Shawn Michaels (by Santana), 11. The Barbarian (by Hercules), 12. Hercules (by Boss Man), 13. Big Boss Man (by Flair), 14. Jimmy Snuka (by Undertaker), 15. Jake Roberts (by Savage), 16. Col. Mustafa (by Savage), 17. The Undertaker (by Hogan), 18. The Berzerker (by Hogan), 19. Jim Duggan (by Virgil), 20. Virgil (by Duggan), 21. Skinner (by Martel), 22. Sgt. Slaughter (by Sid), 23. Irwin R. Schyster (by Piper), 24. The Warlord (by Hogan & Sid), 25. Rick Martel (by Sid), 26. Roddy Piper (by Sid), 27. Randy Savage (by Sid), 28. Hulk Hogan (by Sid), 29. Sid Justice (by Flair & Hogan), WINNER and NEW WWF CHAMPION: RIC FLAIR
The official substitutions of 1992: Marty Jannetty (selling an injury, but also fired for getting into a physical altercation with the police) and Brian Knobbs (recovering from being stabbed in a parking lot brawl) are out, and have been replaced by Haku and Nikolai Volkoff. Haku was doing regular work overseas in SWS (a working relationship with WWF), but Volkoff had been out of the WWF picture since the days following Survivor Series �90 and working the Indy�s.
For the first time, and to date (January 2016) the only time, the WWF Championship is the prize for the winner of the Royal Rumble Match. That definitely explains the incredibly weak undercard and cramming every top name the company had to offer into the Rumble. (Note: And as I finished this part, the Royal Rumble Match in 2016 will have the WWE Championship defended.)
This match is noted for the outstanding work on commentary from Bobby Heenan, and I have to agree. His roller coaster attitude with Ric Flair�s every move is a thing of brilliance, and them having Flair come out at #3 to just freak Heenan out right out of the gate is hilarious. It also gives Flair a chance to work with everyone else, with the exception of Dibiase. I never understood why they didn�t put a weaker heel in for that situation, but Bulldog vs. Dibiase is a stronger start than Bulldog vs. Skinner, I guess.
For old time�s sake, Ric Flair has brief exchanges with former rivals (of other promotions) Kerry Von Erich and Greg Valentine. Later on, Col. Mustafa and Jim Duggan have unfinished business concerning their arrest in 1987.
Flair is the only man standing (well, kind of) as we reach the half-way mark of the match... so here�s Roddy Piper to pick things up again.
Roddy Piper is the first Superstar to be featured in an undercard match and later in the show compete in the Royal Rumble Match. His highlight of the match is easily the sequence with Ric Flair and Jake Roberts, with Bobby Heenan praising him and apologizing for making fun of his kilt when he helps Flair, then goes back on it as soon as he starts attacking Flair again.
Jake Roberts is usually on the look-out for who�s coming down the aisle when the buzzer sounds, and when it turns out to be Randy Savage, he rolls out of the ring and hides on the floor until the opportunity comes for him to take a cheap shot. The little things are sometimes the best things.
The Undertaker and Hulk Hogan are given "preferential treatment", meaning they drew from only numbers 20 through 30 for their spots in the Rumble. Undertaker draws #20. He got jobbed.
Randy Savage hops over the top rope in the excitement of putting a beating on Roberts. In years prior, that would count as an Elimination, but since he�s supposed to be in the match until the end, the rule is waved and he�s allowed back in the match.
Rick Martel immediately goes after Flair and spends a good couple of minutes attempting to eliminate him. The commentary has been harping about Flair approaching the record, but don�t acknowledge the present record holder trying to keep that record intact.
The final field left as #30 enters includes former WWF Champions Hulk Hogan, Randy Savage, and Sgt. Slaughter, the reigning IC Champion Roddy Piper, top contender Sid Justice, and former multi-time holders of the Tag Team Titles, Rick Martel and I.R.S. (Mike Rotunda).
For the third time in four Royal Rumbles, Hulk Hogan eliminates the Warlord.
Once again, for the third time in four years, Hulk Hogan has an altercation with his closest friend. This year�s victim: Sid Justice. Unlike in years before, Hogan�s childish antics of costing Sid the match is actually heavily booed by the crowd. The reaction is so over-whelming they had to redub the video for later replays on TV to give the impression that Hogan was being cheered wildly.
Ric Flair is the Rumble�s Iron Man and sets the new record with a total time of 59-minutes in the ring. This year�s bottom man was Hercules, spending a few seconds shy of a full minute in the ring. - Sid Justice with the most eliminations of the Rumble, having a hand in 6 eliminations, and easily the most impressive bunch of the match (Slaughter, Warlord, Piper, Martel, Savage, and Hogan). Flair won the Rumble with 4 eliminations credited, but 2 of them (Boss Man and Sid) were mostly self-inflicted or with illegal assistance.
Rumble Match Rating: Regarded as one of the best Royal Rumble matches... and I can�t disagree. Ric Flair was the story of the night, and stole the show, lasting a full hour and working with the majority of the field, some in extended sequences, and others in nice little throwbacks. You had the story of Piper going for double gold, the spot with Roberts and Savage, Sid Justice cleaning house and the surprise finish with Hogan and Sid turning on each other to leave the door open for Flair�s victory. With only a few moments of lackluster action, it�s hard to find anything negative to say here. *****
The New Foundation def. The Orient Epress when Owen Hart (making his PPV return since appearing at Mania V as the Blue Blazer) pinned Tanaka. The Express (Tanaka and Kato) were mostly inactive since the end of Summer of �91, working in solo scrub roles and occasional featured in a Prime Time feature. Good match, but not as good as the opener from the year before. I think the New Foundation music was recycled for the Heavenly Bodies in 1993. [***]
"Rowdy" Roddy Piper def. The Mountie for the Intercontinental Championship. The Mountie won the title from Bret Hart a few nights earlier in one of those famous angles that was believed to be a shoot situation (Bret wanted to leave for WCW, but his contract renewed, so he was stuck, and rumor had it he was offered to jump with the IC Title as payback for Ric Flair in 1991). [*1/2]
The Beverly Brothers def. The Bushwhackers, an awful comedy match that featured Jamison at ringside acting like a total nerd. [-***]
The Natural Disasters def. Tag Team Champions the Legion of Doom by Count-Out. Slow power match. The Tag Division wasn�t exactly lighting the world on fire in 1992. [*1/4]
1993 (January 24th, Arco Arena @ Sacramento, CA)
1. Ric Flair, 2. Bob Backlund, 3. Papa Shango, 4. "Million $ Man" Ted Dibiase, 5. Brian Knobbs, 6. Virgil, 7. Jerry "The King" Lawler, 8. Max Moon, 9. Genichiro Tenryu, 10. Mr. Perfect, 11. Skinner, 12. Koko B. Ware, 13. Samu, 14. The Berzerker, 15. The Undertaker, 16. "Terrific" Terry Taylor, 17. Damien Demento, 18. Irwin R. Schyster, 19. Tatanka, 20. Jerry Sags, 21. Typhoon, 22. Fatu, 23. Earthquake, 24. Carlos Colon, 25. "El Matador" Tito Santana, 26. "The Model" Rick Martel, 27. Yokozuna, 28. "The Rocket" Owen Hart, 29. Repo Man, 30. "Macho Man" Randy Savage
1. Papa Shango (by Flair), 2. Brian Knobbs (by Dibiase), 3. Max Moon (by Lawler), 4. Ric Flair (by Perfect), 5. Skinner (by Perfect), 6. Jerry Lawler (by Perfect), 7. Virgil (by Berzerker), 8. Mr. Perfect (by Dibiase, Koko, and Lawler), 9. Samu (by Undertaker), 10. Genichiro Tenryu (by Undertaker), 11. Koko B. Ware (by Dibiase), 12. Terry Taylor (by Dibiase), 13. Ted Dibiase (by Undertaker), 14. The Berzerker (by Undertaker), 15. The Undertaker (illegally by Giant Gonzales), 16. Typhoon (by Earthquake), 17. Damien Demento (by Colon), 18. Fatu (by Backlund), 19. I.R.S. (by Earthquake), 20. Tatanka (by Yokozuna), 21. Carlos Colon (by Yokozuna), 22. Earthquake (by Yokozuna), 23. Tito Santana (by Yokozuna), 24. Jerry Sags (by Hart), 25. Owen Hart (by Yokozuna), 26. Repo Man (by Savage), 27. Rick Martel (by Backlund), 28. Bob Backlund (by Yokozuna), 29. Randy Savage (by Yokozuna), WINNER: YOKOZUNA
Substitutions of 1993: Crush and "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan were announced for the match, but Crush�s injury from Doink pulled him, and they taped (but didn�t air for two more weeks) Duggan being destroyed by Yokozuna to take him out without any notice. Their subbed in by Max Moon and "Terrific" Terry Taylor. The official Program listed a match between the two, even though it was never mentioned on TV. Maybe it was going to be a Dark Match? Not ever announced, but rumored to participate were Nailz (fired, for assaulting McMahon over his SummerSlam �92 payoff) and Kamala (who went through a goofy face turn a week or so earlier).
This is the first Royal Rumble Match to offer a Title Match at WrestleMania, so that automatically eliminates 25 people as possible winners (that leaves Undertaker, Savage, Flair, Perfect, and new monster heel Yokozuna, for those keeping track, as the only real threats).
Having Ric Flair entering at #1 teases the idea that because he won in 1992 as the #3 entrant, it�s not out of the realm of possibility for him to win it here... and then he�s eliminated about 20-minutes in by his former ally and "executive consultant", Mr. Perfect. Flair continued his trend from 1992, working with everyone who comes in, and keeps the action going for the first leg of the race.
Quite an impressive collection of talent early on. At one point, we have Ric Flair (multi-time World Champion), Bob Backlund (former holder of the WWF Title for almost 6 years), Ted Dibiase (holder of countless Regional Titles as well as being one of the better workers of his era), Jerry Lawler (the King of Memphis and holder of countless Regional Titles), Genichiro Tenryu (All-Japan Legend), and Curt Hennig (smark darling of his era, former AWA World Champion, WWF Intercontinental Champion) in the ring.
For old time�s sake #1: Virgil and Ted Dibiase have a decent exchange, and then Virgil and Knobbs (the Nasty Boys had issues with Money Inc.) argue over who gets to work Dibiase over.
Mr. Perfect�s elimination at the hands of Jerry Lawler�s illegal assistance felt like something that should�ve been used to advance an angle on TV, but it was completely forgotten as Perfect was being groomed for an insta-feud with the newly debuted Narcissist. Oh, and here�s an odd combination: Koko B. Ware and Ted Dibiase ganging up on Perfect to eliminate him (again, with some illegal help from Lawler, who was eliminated moments earlier).
Take a shot every time Koko B. Ware adjusts his parachute pants.
The Giant Gonzales (formerly El Gigante in WCW) debuts to illegally eliminate The Undertaker, and creating a huge void in a match that was already weak on star power. It wasn�t as awful of a debut as some paint it out to be, but sucking the life out of the match by leaving zero interesting participants for what feels like an eternity is the big problem.
Earthquake goes after partner Typhoon in the first example of tag team partners going at it since Demolition�s Ax and Smash started the 1989 Rumble.
Earthquake and Yokozuna have the battle of the bulge, putting over Yokozuna as the new dominant behemoth of the WWF. They would tape a similar encounter the next day for Coliseum Video, with Yokozuna squashing Earthquake in the latter�s final appearance until a brief return in 1994.
Gorilla Monsoon calls Carlos Colon a youngster. Best rib I�ve ever heard on commentary.
For old time�s sake #2: Rick Martel and Tito Santana. This would be the last time they�d share ring time on WWF television.
Randy Savage focuses his attention on Repo Man, part of a brief program featured on Monday Night Raw. The commentary completely ignores their recent history, so it just looks like Savage relentlessly attacking a JTTS.
Yeah, the "going for the cover" pin is usually regarded as one of the dumbest moments in Rumble Match history. I still think it works with what they were going for: Yokozuna has beat up on Savage for about 5-minutes, makes a mistake, and Savage on instinct goes to the top rope and hits his signature elbow drop. Going on instinct, he covers because THIS WAS EVERY SAVAGE MATCH from 1992-1996, and Yokozuna, who was just hit by a big finishing move, easily kicks out and with enough force, throws Savage out while laying on his back (and don�t tell me "Savage did the work." IT'S WRESTLING. Everything is a work!).
Bob Backlund is the iron-man of the night, going 1 hour, 1 minute and change, breaking Flair�s record from 1992 that was just shy of a full hour. This would be the last of 5 consecutive years of breaking the record. Papa Shango is the bottom man of the night, lasting 30-seconds. Terry Taylor is right behind him, lasting about 40-seconds.
Yokozuna with the most eliminations of the match, tallying 7 eliminations (Tatanka, Colon, Earthquake, Santana, Owen, Backlund, and Savage).
Rumble Match Rating: This was a tale of three chapters. A really fun stretch from the opening with Flair/Backlund, with a decent range of entrants to keep the match fresh until we got the big encounter with Perfect/Flair, and then a few entries later the Undertaker cleaning house. Then Undertaker�s elimination brought us 20 of the suckiest minutes of Royal Rumble History. When Yokozuna came in at #27, things picked up again, and we got one of the best "final two" sequences in Rumble history. Still, that middle part REALLY sucked. ***
The Steiner Brothers def. The Beverly Brothers in their first match against non-scrubs. Good opener and showcases the Steiner Brothers offense. [**1/2]
Shawn Michaels def. Marty Jannetty to retain the Intercontinental Championship. Sensational Sherri returned from injury to be at ringside and turn face, but it didn�t matter, Michaels survived baby faces cheating. Jannetty was fired the next day for being in no condition to compete, only to be hired back a few months later. [***1/2]
Bam Bam Bigelow def. The Big Boss Man in a total snoozer of a Big Man vs. Big Man Match. All punches, kicks, and bearhugs, with Boss Man clearly being shown the door. [DUD]
Bret "Hitman" Hart def. Razor Ramon with the Sharpshooter to retain the WWF Championship. Bret worked the leg most of the time to cut Razor down to size, while Razor controlled with power offense and resting. Ramon�s only WWF Championship Match, at least on TV or PPV. [***1/4]
Bobby "The Brain" Heenan unveils "The Narcissist", Lex Luger, who spends a good 5-minutes posing in front of a row of mirrors to the crowds... indifference.
Final Thoughts: A lot of the early Rumbles are fondly remembered, and for good reason: they have strong booking, balanced pacing, and roster depth. Once we exit the period of the steroid scandal, the roster starts thinning out at an incredible pace, as you can tell by the roster of 1993. We�ll be back later in the week with Part 2, covering the Royal Rumbles from 1994 through 1999. That really covers a wide period that includes the "New Generation" and the first half of the Attitude Era. Until then...
back to WrestleMania Index

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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State Sen. Sue Rezin, R-Morris, joined her Senate Republican colleagues in Springfield to ask Illinois residents to push for a fair maps amendment on the next ballot.
She argued it would give voters the power to pick their legislators instead of letting legislators pick their voters, according to a news release.
"Instead of drawing districts behind locked doors, we must give voters a chance to create a system that increases transparency – and takes politicians out of the process," Rezin said.
State legislatures are responsible for redrawing congressional and state legislative districts every 10 years with a new U.S. Census. Illinois has a "winner-take-all system" for redistricting, according to the release, in which the politicians from the majority party are in control of drawing the map each decade.
Rezin voiced her support for Senate Joint Resolution-Constitutional Amendment 4, sponsored by lawmakers from both parties, that would give voters the opportunity to amend the state constitution to create a nonpartisan system for drawing maps. The amendment would put the question to the voters on the ballot for the next statewide election.
She said "entrenched political leaders" haven't allowed similar bills to advance.
Former Republican Gov. Bruce Rauner supported independently-drawn maps as the Democrats have controlled the process for years with majorities in the General Assembly.


Foreign nationals from 11 countries will be issued visas on arrival at the Bangalore international airport starting Saturday, officials said.
Foreign nationals from 11 countries will be issued visas on arrival at the Bengaluru international airport starting Saturday, officials said.
"Visa with 30-days' validity will be stamped on the foreigners' passport soon after they land at the airport and pay $60 fee as its charges. The visa can be extended by a month after due diligence by the immigration authority," an airport official told IANS.
The facility will be initially available to people from Cambodia, Finland, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Luxembourg, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam on arrival with a passport with at least six-month validity.
"The visa on arrival policy is to encourage visitors from these countries to travel to India even at a short notice, for sightseeing, leisure holiday, wellness and short business work," the official said.
The airport operator BIAL (Bangalore International Airport Ltd) has made spacious arrangements at the international arrival lounge to issue the on-arrival visas, with separate seating facility and help desks in the immigration area.
"We are in the process of setting up separate counters for foreign exchange and taking photographs of visitors in compliance with the immigration rules and regulations," the official added.
To ensure the visitors leave the city on expiry of the visas, they will have to produce a copy of the return ticket, hotel confirmation in the city or state and local contact, if any.
As the third busiest airport in the country after Mumbai and New Delhi, Bengaluru daily handles about 400 passenger and cargo flights of domestic and international airlines.
Located about 40km from this tech hub, at Devanahalli off National Highway 7, the greenfield airport was built in 2008 by the BIAL consortium under the public-private partnership mode with a capacity to handle 12 million passengers per annum.
Having reached the capacity, the Terminal-1 is being expanded this year to accommodate about 16 million passengers.


text:
Sven-Olof Israelsson (born 13 May 1948) is a Swedish skier. He competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1972 Winter Olympics.

His father Sven Israelsson won a bronze medal in the Nordic combined at the 1948 Olympics.

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
Swedish male Nordic combined skiers
Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Sweden
Nordic combined skiers at the 1972 Winter Olympics
People from Dalarna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
An overview of our finished and ongoing research projects can be found here (click to expand).
Back to the book
http://backbooks.wordpress.com/
Project leader: Kiene Brillenburg Wurth
NWO VIDI
This research project inquires into the transformation of the book as a body of the literary and the technologies of writing in the digital age.
bEUcitizen: Barriers Towards EU Citizenship
http://beucitizen.eu
Project leader: Sybe de Vries
EU 7th Framework Programme, coordinated by Utrecht University
Why don't Europeans realise their rights as European citizens? This multinational and multidisciplinary project sets out to identify and analyse which impediments hinder European citizens from realising (i.e. being aware of, as well as materialising) these rights and why.
Citizenship 3.0: Towards an Integral Vision of the Role of the Citizen in the 21st Century
http://ucall.rebo.uu.nl/en/type-activiteiten/burgerschap-3-0-naar-een-integrale-visie-op-de-rol-van-de-burger-in-de-21e-eeuw
Project leader: Liesbeth Enneking
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)
This project focuses on the role of the active citizen in a society in which government is relinquishing ever more responsibility. Research is conducted by Ivo Giesen, Liesbeth Enneking, Evelien de Kezel, Maarten Prak and Antoine Buyse.
Covering Genocide Trial
www.RobLeurs.com
Project leader: Rob Leurs
Covering genocide trials' focuses on how the interaction of journalists, representatives of the victims and representatives of the indicated criminals, from their specific discursive position, circulates meanings that form the basis of the international press coverage of genocide trials in Cambodia, The Netherlands and Rwanda.
FRAME: Fostering Human Rights Among European Policies
www.fp7-frame.eu
EU 7th Framework Programme in which Utrecht University participates
FRAME focuses on the contribution of the EU's internal and external policies to the promotion of human rights worldwide.
Gendered Tropes in War Photography: Mothers, Mourners, Soldiers
www.nwo.nl/onderzoek-en-resultaten/onderzoeksprojecten/32/2300161132.html
Project leader: Marta Zarzycka
NWO VENI
The book provides a systematic analysis of photographic tropes from several contemporary wars and conflicts and follows patterns of difference in the representations of women in press war coverage and in humanitarian aid imagery.
Hacking Habitat
http://www.hackinghabitat.com/nl/
Project leader: Ine Gevers
We humans think we are in control of technology. However, the tables are already turning. Our high-tech environment is gradually taking over. It's high time to reclaim our living environment: Hacking Habitat! The acclaimed exhibition in the former Utrecht prison makes remote control tangible and, by doing so, emits a powerful opposing force.
Human rights cities
http://mensenrechten.verdus.nl
Project leader: Barbara Oomen
Increasingly, cities refer directly to international human rights in formulating local social policies. This research is about investigating the potential of direct reference to these international human rights in formulating urban social and participation policies, catalyzing cooperation between actors and strengthening cosmopolitan urban identities. It looks into 'human rights cities' both in- and outside of the Netherlands, seeking to understand the motivations of the actors involved in these processes, the mechanisms of becoming a human rights city and the outcomes of these processes.
International Radio Services Between Empire, Expatriots and Education
http://transnationalradio.org/the-project/ip-4/
Project leader: Alec Badenoch
EU HERA
This project explores how international radio services from several European countries shape transnational spaces of encounter within shifting global regimes.
The Nation and Its Other: The Emergence of Modern Popular Imagery and Representations
www.uu.nl/faculty/humanities/en/project/nation-and-its-other
Project leader: Frank Kessler
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
The project explores the emergence of the national in 19th and early 20th century popular visual media with a particular focus on the performance context of these images.
Network in Transnational Memory Studies
www.utrechtmemorystudies.nl/nitmes
Project leader: Ann Rigney
The purpose of NITMES (Network in Transnational Memory Studies) is to find new ways of conceptualising and studying cultural memory beyond the framework of the nation-state so as to provide tools for understanding identity and heritage that are better fitted to the entanglements of the contemporary world.
www.cost.eu/domains_actions/isch/Actions/IS1307
Project leader: Iris van der Tuin
COST Action (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)
Utrecht University hosts the COST Action New Materialism: Networking European Scholarship on How Matter Comes to Matter. One of its working groups (New Materialisms Tackling Economical and Identity-Political Crises and Organizational Experiments) is explicitly linked to the focus area CCHR.
Peace of Cake?
As part of the exhibition Peace of cake? (2013), short documentaries were made in which Prof. Rosemarie Buikema and other experts shared findings of their research into peace and reconciliation. The exhibition zoomed in on three (former) war zones: Uganda, South Africa and Yugoslavia.
Watch the video with Rosemarie Buikema on peace and reconciliation in South Africa:
The Popular Culture of Illegality: Criminal Authority and the Politics of Aesthetics in Latin America and the Caribbean
http://www.nwo.nl/onderzoek-en-resultaten/onderzoeksprojecten/61/2300180961.html
Project co-applicant: Martijn Oosterbaan
This project focuses on the aesthetic practices that shape the socio-political authority of criminal gangs in Latin America. The research is directed by Martijn Oosterbaan (UU) and Rivke JAffe (UvA) and conducted by Dr José Carlos Aguiar, Sterre Gilsing and Tracian Meikle.
Postcolonial Studies Initiative
www.postcolonialstudies.nl
Project leader: Sandra Ponzanesi
The Postcolonial Studies Initiative (PCI) at Utrecht University is intended as a platform for research into postcolonial issues, specifically focused on their application within Europe. The PCI organises activities such as lectures, film series, masterclasses and seminars, striving for greater interaction with society at large.
Reconfiguring Diaspora: The Transformation of the Jewish Diaspora in Late Antiquity
Project leader: Leonard Rutgers
By comparing new evidence bearing on selected Jewish communities in Italy, Egypt, and the Near East from 200-700 C.E. this project seeks to transcend the classical notion of Diaspora, as it deals with the issue of the interrelationship between religion, language change, societal marginalisation, and migration.
Sharing Arts Society (SAS)
www.icafrotterdam.com
Project leader: Eugene van Erven
A joint venture between university, the community arts sector and the city, which includes a so-called 'Sharing Arts Lab' (SAL) that includes the minor creative cities and a number of collaborative research practices intent on generating knowledge and methods about possible connections between participating in the arts and in society. SAL also has direct links to a worldwide network of artists and scholars through the International Community Arts Festival.
Televising the Eichmann trial
https://keilbach.wordpress.com/research/
Project leader: Judith Keilbach
This research project approaches the Eichmann trial from a media-historical perspective. Drawing on archival records, interviews, and television programs of different countries it discusses the technical and institutional preconditions of the television coverage as well as the programs' content. It focuses on the various transnational co-operations, the technical and institutional contentions, and the political contexts to understand the differences between the television programs as well as the changing media landscape of the early 1960s.
Terra Critica
www.terracritica.net
Project leaders: Birgit Kaiser and Kathrin Thiele
An international research network in the humanities, bringing together scholars specializing in critical and cultural theory. Its aim is to reexamine critical theory and critique under the conditions of the 21st century – given our immanent, terran existences, globally entangled across flows of capital, people, and ideas and living in ecological and economical multidependences.
The Underrated Virtues of Human Rights
Project leader: Jos Philips
This project aims to investigate whether human rights can be reconstructed as a discourse of basic justice, and an attractive one, which can appropriately take into account global and intergenerational dimensions.
Untranslatable Worldscapes. Configurations of Space and Time in American Indian Fiction
Project leader: Doro Wiese
This research aims to address forms of untranslatability in the highly acclaimed and globally circulating oeuvres of American Indian authors Leslie Marmon Silko, N. Scott Momaday and James Welch. In particular, this research will explore how their fictional configurations of time and space remain incommensurable for Western readers.
Urban Interfaces
www.urbaninterfaces.net
Project leader: Nanna Verhoeff
Urban Interfaces is a platform for the critical investigation of the city as interface for creativity and civic engagement at the crossing of academic research and cultural practices. Focussing on mobile and situated media, arts, and performances, the platform delivers critical reflections on and actual interventions in these socio-spatial activities and their shaping and staging of urban culture.
Utrecht Forum for Memory Studies
www.utrechtmemorystudies.nl
An interdisciplinary platform for researchers working in the field of cultural memory
Welfare Chauvinism
Project leader: Ido de Haan
Who is entitled to the provisions of the welfare state? All who need it, those who paid for it, or only our own people? How is citizenship of the welfare state connected to membership of the nation, historically, empirically, normatively?


Today I am featuring this adorable Witch card that I made from the Penny Black Teatin' Witch. She is just to cute, I used my Copic Markers: G00, G02, G05, R24, R27, E35, E37, E31, E00, V12, V15, V17, C1, N3, B95, YR04, Yr07, Y15, and Y19. I just love the depth that the Copics give to any project but I feel you can also get wonderful colors with your Water Color Pencils, Colored Pencils or other markers.
My paper is from Bo Bunny Color Me silly "Spirit" paper. I added some Crystal Stickles on my pumpkin that I fussy cut out and placed on pop dots. Makes it look like there is frost on my pumpkin. I also used my Tim Holtz Distress Tool to distress all of the pieces before i attached them to my card base. My sentiment is a sticker from Paper Studios Stickabilities but you can use any sentiment on your project.
This is just adorable... I just love your work! I just have to practice with my Copics! Stop by for a visit when you can, I have something for you!
Wow! I love the detail on your cards. Please stop by my blog as I have an award for you.


Professional high quality standing scary Day of the Dead Spanish Dancing Lady that's ready to spook the living and honor the dead!
She has a classic skeleton face and a spanish themed dress wih long black hair. The demented face and spooky hands are made with foam filled thick rubber latex.
Animated movement that's battery activated. Body rocks and sways back and forth. Posable bending arms. Lady is held up with a sturdy steel internal frame with a wide metal base.
Dimensions: 6 feet tall with a 4 foot wide arm span. Powered with 3 - AA Batteries & Light-up eyes are powered with 2 - AAA batteries (not included.
It's a great terrifying addition to any Spanish or Mexican Dia de los Muertos party theme or a haunted house, graveyard or entryway!
A scary Day of the Dead Spanish Lady that's ready to spook the living and honor the dead! She has a classic skeleton face and a Spanish themed dress with long black hair. Animated movement that's battery activated. Body rocks and sways back and forth. Posable bending arms. Dimensions: 6 feet tall with a 4 foot wide arm span. Lady is held up with a sturdy steel internal frame with a wide metal base. Body movement is powered with 3 - AAA Batteries & Light-up eyes are powered with 2 - AAA batteries (not included). It's a great terrifying addition to any Spanish or Mexican Dia de los Muertos party theme or a haunted house, graveyard or entryway!
Dimensions: 6 feet tall with a 4 foot arm span; Lady is held up with a sturdy steel internal frame with a wide metal base.


57 Pages of recipes, resources and a guide on how to cleanse your body.
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Natelson, B. H. ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia: Same or Different? Clinical Therapeutics, in press.
Togo, F., A. Kishi, and B.H. Natelson. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia. In: Savard J and Ouellet M-C, (Eds). Handbook of Sleep Disorders in Medical Conditions. San Diego: Elsevier Inc./Academic Press, 2019: 325-343.
Brimacombe, M., G. Lange, K. Busichio, D.S. Ciccone, and B.H. Natelson. Cognitive Function Index for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. JCFS, 12(4)3-23, 2004.
DeLuca, J., Christodoulou, C., Diamond, B.J., Rosenstein, E.D., Kramer, N., Ricker, J.H., and Natelson, B.H. The nature of memory impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome. Rehabilitation Psychology, 49:62-70, 2004.
Tseng, C-L. and B.H. Natelson. Few gender differences exist between men and women with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 11:55-62, 2004.
Ciccone, D.S., Busichio, K., Vickroy, M., and Natelson, B.H. Effects of psychiatric morbidity and psychological distress on physical impairment in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 54:445-52, 2003.
Brimacombe, M., Helmer, D., and Natelson, B.H. Clinical differences exist between patients fulfilling the 1988 and 1994 case definitions of chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 9(4):309-314, 2002.
Hanson, S.J., Gause, W.C., and Natelson, B.H. Detection of immunologically significant factors for chronic fatigue syndrome using neural network classifiers. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 8(3):658-662, 2001.
Sirois, D.A. and Natelson, B.H. Clinicopathological findings consistent with primary Sjogren's syndrome in a subset of patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome: Preliminary observations. Journal of Rheumatology, 28:126-33, 2001.
Cukor, D., Tiersky, L. and Natelson, B.H. Psychiatric comorbidity and somatic distress in sudden and gradual onset chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 7(4):33-44, 2000.
Fiedler, N., Lange, G., Tiersky, L., DeLuca, J., Policastro, T., Kelly McNeil, K., McWilliams, R., Korn, L., and Natelson, B.H. Stressors, personality traits, and coping of Gulf War Veterans with chronic fatigue. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48(6):525-535, 2000.
Hay, J., Beutner, E., and Natelson, B. Immune parameters in chronic fatigue syndrome. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Recent Advances in Molecular Biology, Allergy, and Immunology, 3-5 September 2000, Baroda, India, pp 159-161.
DeLuca, J., Tiersky, L., and Natelson, B.H. Chronic fatigue syndrome: differential diagnosis with depression. In J. Ricker, ed. A Differential Diagnosis in Adult Neuropsychological Assessment, New York : Springer, 1999.
Glaser, R., Rabin, B., Chesney, M., Cohen, S. and Natelson, B. Stress-induced immunomodulation: Implications for infectious diseases? JAMA, 281:2268-2270, 1999.
Green, J., Romei, J., and Natelson, B.H. Stigma and chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 5(2):63-75, 1999.
Wallace II, H.L., Natelson, B.H., Gause, W., and Hay, J. An evaluation of human herpesviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 6:216 223, 1999.
Johnson, S.K., DeLuca, J., Diamond, B.J., Natelson, B.H. Memory dysfunction in fatiguing illness: Examining interference and distraction in short term memory. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 3(4),269 285, 1998.
Lavietes, M.H., Bergen , M.T. and Natelson, B.H. Measurement of CO2 in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Journal of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 4(3):3-11, 1998.
Natelson, B.H. Facing and Fighting Fatigue: A Practical Approach. Yale University Press: New Haven, 1998 (with translated editions in Swedish, Italian, Polish and Japanese).
Tiersky, L., Cicerone, K., Natelson, B. and DeLuca, J. Neuropsychological functioning in mild traumatic brain injury and chronic fatigue syndrome: A comparison. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12, 503-512, 1998.
Christodoulou, C., DeLuca, J., Johnson, S.K., Lange, G., and Natelson, B.H. Efforts to reduce heterogeneity in chronic fatigue syndrome. In S. Yehuda and D.I. Mostofsky (Eds) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. NY: Plenum Press, pp. 73-94, 1997.
Fiedler, N., Kipen, H.M, DeLuca, J., Kelly-McNeil, K., and Natelson, B.H. A controlled comparison of multiple chemical sensitivity and chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58:38-49, 1996.
Lavietes, M.H., Natelson, B.H., Cordero, D.L., Ellis, S.P., and Tapp, W.N. Does the stressed chronic fatigue syndrome patient hyperventilate? International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 3:70-83, 1996.
Dobbins, J.G., Natelson, B.H., Brasslof, I., Drastal, S., and Sisto, S. Physical, behavioral, and psychological risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome: a central role for stress? Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 1:43-58, 1995.
Sisto, S., Tapp, W.N., Drastal, S.D., Bergen, M., DeMasi, I., Cordero, D.L. and Natelson, B.H. Vagal tone is reduced during paced breathing in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Clinical Autonomic Research, 5:139-143, 1995.
Fukuda, K., Straus,S.E., Hickie, I., Sharpe, M.C., Dobbins, J.G., Komaroff, A., Schluederberg, A., Jones, J.F., Lloyd, A.R., Wessely, S., Gantz, N.M., Holmes, G.P., Steele, L., Reyes, M., Abbey, S., Rest, J., Jolson, H., Peterson, D.L., Vercoulen, J.H.M.M., Tirelli, U., Evengard, B., Natelson, B.H., and Reeves, W.C. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 121:953-959, 1994.


text:
Tiger Woods claims Tour Championship for first victory in five years
• Woods wins at East Lake by two shots from Billy Horschel
• Justin Rose wins $10m FedEx Cup play-offs prize
Ewan Murray at East Lake
@mrewanmurray
Sun 23 Sep 2018 17.59 EDT Last modified on Mon 24 Sep 2018 03.41 EDT
Tiger Woods holds back tears as he wins first tournament in five years – video
Tiger Woods wins a golf tournament. Half a dozen words once uttered with seamless regularity had vanished from golf's vernacular amid years of personal, physical and professional turmoil for arguably the finest player this sport has ever seen. History was made on Sunday evening on the outskirts of Atlanta as Woods – by two shots – delivered PGA Tour victory number 80.
He was even cantering towards first place at the Tour Championship before a couple of late stumbles which ultimately proved immaterial. Thousands of fans swarmed the final fairway as Woods entered his victory march.
Pictures and numbers endorse the scale of Woods's latest triumph which, while not his best, is surely his most significant. In May last year, images of a woefully dishevelled Woods were beamed across the world following an arrest for driving under the influence. This marked a nadir amid recovery from a fourth back surgery which left onlookers to question whether Woods would ever play competitive golf again. The last laugh? Woods had cause for hysterics with a par on the 18th, which gave him a 71, and 11 under par total at East Lake. Fears for his career, as candidly articulated by Woods himself, proved so woefully unfounded. Billy Horschel, with a fine 66, finished second, two shots behind.
Tiger Woods holds back tears before claiming Tour Championship
Ten months ago, Woods was 1,193rd in the world rankings. Precisely 1,876 days had passed between win numbers 79 and 80. Since his 2013 success at the WGC Bridgestone Invitational, 118 different individuals had claimed PGA Tour trophies from a total of 239 events. In his darkest moments, Woods could not even sit at a dinner table.
One statistic, however, proved the most pertinent of all. Woods had held 54-hole leads of three shots or more 23 times before his latest, beautiful Georgia Sunday. Every time, Woods had won. Starting from a position of three clear of Justin Rose and Rory McIlroy here, Woods eased towards a record of 24 out of 24. McIlroy, Rose, Dustin Johnson, Justin Thomas, Jon Rahm, Rickie Fowler and Tommy Fleetwood – the best players in the world – had no answer to what ultimately become a dominant Woods display. Parallels between what transpired at East Lake and Woods in his all-conquering prime were as legitimate as they were inevitable.
Woods once famously remarked "Honey, this is what we do" to his wife, Elin, amid disappointment that the golfer wasn't in the mood to properly celebrate a tournament success. For so long, this was what he did. And yet, as 2018 developed in golfing context, it was plain Woods still had the professional tools to win again. He had close shaves for a 15th major title at the Open and US PGA Championships. Sam Snead's record of 82 PGA Tour wins has always been a more sizeable Woods goal than widely recognised and is now so tantalisingly within view.
Almost as striking as the fact Woods won was the ease with which glory arose. He was unflappable, apparently unperturbed – and perhaps even inspired – by the scale of what lay in front of him.
A converted birdie putt from 10ft on the 1st set the tone. McIlroy, playing alongside his one-time idol, and Rose couldn't lay a glove on the champion. The scale of McIlroy's stumble was particularly curious; he played the front nine in 39, the round in 74, for a share of seventh.
Woods had brief trouble on the 6th, where he could only advance a greenside chip around two feet from treacherous rough. He still saved par. He couldn't do that at the 10th, where a blocked drive meant no direct angle to the green. Even that mattered little as Rose, then his closest challenger, simultaneously dropped a shot at the 11th.
Woods's birdie at the 13th meant a five-shot lead. He couldn't lose from there; and duly didn't despite bogeys at the 15th and 16th.
Galleries, stretching to 15 deep in places, roared and hollered their delight. The key element to Woods as such a prominent figure again relates to what it means for him but there is a broader, serious benefit to his sport. It was Woods who brought, and continues to bring, golf to the masses. And unlike earlier in his career, when Woods was always respected but rarely loved, fans audibly want him to win.
Rose, who birdied the 18th to tie for fourth, has the reasonable consolation for falling short at East Lake of the $10m FedEx Cup bonus. How Rose, McIlroy and company cope with a resurgent Woods will prove a fascinating subplot to the Ryder Cup, which starts on Friday.
The plane carrying the United States team to Paris for that event had a long evening wait in Atlanta as Woods completed duties that go along with a return to the podium. On that transatlantic path, it is hoped Woods reflected on another, sometimes tortuous journey. He has delivered one of sport's greatest comeback tales.


Your library's website may have several sign-in options. If you're having trouble signing in, try using the same sign-in method every time you visit.
If you see a "Something went wrong" error during sign-in, select the Go back button on the page or the Back button in your browser. Then, try signing in again.
If you're prompted to select a library branch, be sure to select the correct branch. Sometimes different branches can have very similar names.
Check that you've entered your library card number (and password or PIN, if required) correctly.
You can't remember your library card number.
Your library requires a PIN or password, and you don't have one or can't remember it.
You get a "library server message" (that you can't fix by checking that your login information is correct). This could indicate a problem with your library account (for example, your card expired, you were issued a new card, or you reached the limit on your fines) or a problem with your library's whole authentication system.


text:
var assert = require('assert')

module.exports = function (_, dir, finish, gm) {

  assert.equal('function', typeof gm.utils.buffer);
  assert.equal('function', typeof gm.utils.escape);
  finish();

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Parents Lillie and Eddie clash over marriage, Babs has had enough of husband Dickies gambling, and womaniser Clint is intrigued by model Abbey.
Harry is setting himself up for a fall. Dickie meets a girl out shopping. Babs is confronted by something she would rather not have seen. Clint realises that he is in love.
Lillie sells her premium bonds to help pay for the wedding. Harry, Flo and Eddie decide to try and create the best wedding in the world in just one day with no money to spend on it. Babs cracks up about her inability to speak in public.
Final Episode. Dickie and Babs continue to grow further apart, meanwhile Clint and Abbey face some problems of their own.


text:
Racist graffiti at Giants player home being investigated as hate crime
December 8, 2016 | 10:29pm
Nikita Whitlock Bill Kostroun
MOONACHIE, N.J. — Police are investigating a break-in and the scrawling of racist graffiti at the New Jersey home of a New York Giants player.
The break-in at Nikita Whitlock's home is being investigated as a hate crime, Moonachie police Sgt. Richard Behrens told The Record. Jewelry and electronics were also stolen, he said.
Giants player's home vandalized with 'KKK' graffiti
A New York Giants football player reportedly discovered his Bergen...
Whitlock, who's black, showed reporters the graffiti — "KKK," a swastika and other racial slurs — on multiple walls inside his family's home. The name "Trump" was also written on the wall in marker.
Whitlock is a fullback on the injured reserve list with a foot injury. He was suspended for 10 games without pay in September for violating the NFL policy on performance-enhancing substances.
"They broke in, they vandalized, they shared their opinion — they could have shared it on Facebook, but they decided to share it in this fashion," he told The Record on Thursday. "I think the one thing that does disturb me more is the fact that people are using (President-elect Donald) Trump's name. To me, it's like, OK, you believe Trump believes certain things. But he wasn't here. This was a personal decision, not a Trump decision. So next time, write your name on the wall."
Police believe Whitlock's home was broken into Tuesday night. The side door window was cracked, and the metal wiring was mangled.
Whitlock, who lives with his wife, 6-year-old son and 4-month-old daughter, told the newspaper there was an attempted break in three weeks ago and it feels "like somebody was definitely trying to get us."
Whitlock said his family and friends were stunned.
"I'm one of the last people you think this would happen to," he said. "I'm in a nice area, I make good money, I keep to myself and I'm not flashy. . Instead of coming close to home, they came inside. I have a lot of peers and a lot of family and people in my circle who don't believe these kinds of things can happen to them or to me or to us."
Police are asking neighbors for any security camera video.
Filed under burglaries , donald trump , graffiti , new york giants , nikita whitlock , racism
Bryce Petty may hold two jobs in his hands as Jets startin...


text:
"Clear As Day," his debut CD, was released within months of his "Idol" win in 2011. It went platinum, with more than a million copies sold. Last year, McCreery released a holiday album, "Christmas with Scotty McCreery," which went gold.
A release date and name for the third album hasn't been announced.
McCreery is a freshman at N.C. State University during the week and is traveling and performing on weekends with his "The Weekend Roadtrip Tour 2013."
Related stories from Raleigh News & Observer
Scotty McCreery news, photos, video and more
By Tammy Grubb
The Lumina Theater is closing its doors this fall due to declining movie attendance. The Southern Village staple owned by Bryan Properties has been on Market Street in Chapel Hill since 2000.


When Gallifrey One, the biggest Doctor Who convention in the United States comes to town, you can bet the World's Youngest Doctor Who Reporter and Reviewer; Lindalee Rose will be there. Our resident pint-sized Whovian always has a blast meeting the fans, cosplayers and of course the A-list of Cast & Crew flown in for this event!
Click ahead to check out all this years interviews from Gallifrey One with Lindalee with all of the amazing actors (Sir John Hurt, Michelle Gomez, Ingrid Oliver, Colin Baker, Jami Reid-Quarrell, Neve McIntosh and more!!!) who were on-hand and have portrayed some of the most memorable characters from the hit BBC sci-fi television drama.
CHECK OUT Pics from Lindalee's personal GALLIFREY ONE Photo Album, just CLICK HERE!!!
Lindalee Rose interviews "The War Doctor"; Sir John Hurt (Doctor Who, Alien) at this year's Gallifrey One – Doctor Who convention in Los Angeles.
Darth Vader move over, Lindalee Rose interviews the newest and baddest villain in the galaxy; Michelle Gomez (aka 'Missy/The Master') from Doctor Who at this year's Gallifrey One!
Lindalee invades the tea-time of Silurian detective Madame Vastra at the Gallifrey One 2016 Doctor Who convention in Los Angeles. What is the future of the investigative team of Vastra, Strax and Jenny (aka the Paternoster Gang), will the much talked about spin-off show become a reality, and what sort of Sonic would Madame Vastra have? All this and more will be revealed.
She's 3 billion years old and on the High Council of the Sisterhood of Karn, she's none other than the Gallifreyan High Priestess; Ohila. In this rare interview, with junior journalist and Whovian, Lindalee Rose, actress Clare Higgins opens up about her powerful role, her personal connection to Doctor Who, her loathing of the Daleks and much more!
If Sonic Screwdrivers were REAL, what would some of the cast of Doctor Who want theirs to look and sound like? That's what Junior Reporter & Whovian; Lindalee Rose inquired at the 2016 Gallifrey One Doctor Who convention in Los Angeles, when she talked to John Hurt (War Doctor), Michelle Gomez (Missy), Ingrid Oliver (Osgood), Neve McIntosh (Madame Vastra), Ian McNiece (Winston Churchill) and Colin Baker (Doctor #6). Check out what clever and creative contraptions they dreamed up in this sonicically spectacular segment.


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text:
Fontella Bass (born July 3, 1940, St. Louis, Missouri) is an American soul singer, who is best known for the 1965 R&B hit "Rescue Me", which she also co-wrote. Leia mais
Martha Reeves & The Vandellas
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Fontella Bass Radio
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Classic Soul & Motown
Plays the best of classic soul and Motown songs.
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Plays a mix of timeless soul music.
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50's and 60's Blues Hits
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From Fontella Bass
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Oh, No, Not My Baby


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text:
world of wolfson
Uncovering things best left alone!
Wolfson Investigates: Grin Low Woods
Although my collection of short stories Hidden Places on Earth is largely fictional, some of it is based on real-life. Some peculiar experiences of my own have inspired me and two of these happened in the same place: Grin Low Woods in Buxton, Derbyshire. It seems like a good place to commence a series of intrepid reports called Wolfson Investigates.
To provide those unfamiliar with the area some context, Grin Low Woods fringe the town of Buxton in the county of Derbyshire in the UK. Home to a spectacular limestone show cave called Poole's Cavern and a Victorian folly known as Solomon's Temple, it is popular with tourists and locals alike. Nowadays, it is well cared for by the Buxton Civic Association. 25 years ago, when I was a young man, it was considerably wilder and untamed. Being that awkward age of 16/17 years old when you are somewhere between a child and an adult, the woods were a sanctuary for me and my friends. We could get drunk and mess around and if the local police turned up, as they often did, we could escape into the dark realm of the trees. It was there, one night, when we saw it.
My pals and I were astonished to see a ghostly globe of light dancing among the tree tops. We watched it as it bounced around playfully for a few minutes before vanishing into the gloom. It left us scratching our heads in bemusement. Little did we know that we were witnessing a rare but notorious phenomenon. In the UK, it is commonly called a Will o' the Wisp or a Jack o' Lantern but different cultures have their own names for them. They are usually seen in swamps or marshland and, in some myths, are believed to have a malevolent intelligence; luring unwary travellers from the road into dangerous bogs. A more scientific theory suggests that globes of fire are formed by escaping gas. Our Will o' the Wisp was out of place in the woods but, in hindsight, I wonder if the deep limestone caves beneath them create a similar geological process. I did not think too much of the incident until some years later when I mentioned it to a friend. He retold the tale to his dad, who lives in a house at the bottom of the woods. Apparently, he went pale. He had seen one too!
My second experience was less of a mystery, but no less disturbing. During the same period of nocturnal, teenage rambles, my peers and I were surprised to find that we were not the only group in Grin Low Woods at night. Following the main path up to Solomon's Temple, we saw a long procession of cloaked and hooded figures, carrying flaming torches. They must have seen us too but gave no indication. They merely continued walking in eerie silence. We followed them for a while, frightened yet fascinated. The hooded assembly mounted the Low, free of the treeline to conduct a pagan ceremony on the hills. We finally lost our nerve and fled back through the trees. We noted the solitary bus parked near Poole's Cavern at the bottom. At least the witches had arrived by conventional method!
I often walk in those woods but it is a long time since I have seen anything strange there. However, those early experiences still linger in my mind and I would still think twice before going there at night alone. If you have a similar exploit or an interesting theory on mine, I would love to hear from you. You can message Darcus Wolfson via Twitter or Facebook using the links at the top of the page.
Author Darcus WolfsonPosted on February 11, 2015 March 3, 2015 Categories InvestigationTags Horror, Poole's Cavern, Solomon's Temple, Will o' the Wisp, witches6 Comments on Wolfson Investigates: Grin Low Woods
Matriarch: Low Life in High Heels
I've been working on a short film called Matriarch: Low Life in High Heels. A fictional tale of small town gangsters, the story focusses on a conversation between the crime lords of Buxton in Derbyshire: Danny, charming playboy of Burbage, Mick, provincial ruler of Harpur Hill, Stan, weary boss of the town centre and Dwayne, the nutcase from Fairfield meet up to discuss the mysterious disappearance of their overlord. Together, they face the difficult decision of who will succeed him. Needless to say, established rivalries bubble to the surface and the meeting gets a little edgy.
Working with the local abundance of talent in Buxton, I have written the screenplay and left others the opportunity to produce, direct, act, although I do play a minor character called Touchy; a creepy toilet cleaner with a secret agenda (every film needs one). Matriarch features what could be supernatural forces, although they nibble at the edge of the story rather than stomp all over it. Blending the two genres of crime and horror, I have attempted to write a gutsy gangster story that's also a bit eerie, a cross between Reservoir Dogs and The Wicker Man if you will.
The project has no budget so if you would like to help out, get in touch. You can tweet me or leave a comment on my Facebook page, using the links at the bottom. If you would just like to see Matriarch when it's finished, watch this space for further announcements, as well as more exciting projects and some real-life investigations into the strange World of Wolfson.
Author Darcus WolfsonPosted on February 1, 2015 February 1, 2015 Categories FilmTags Buxton, Film, Gangster, Horror, Matriarch, Peak District, Reservoir Dogs, The Wicker ManLeave a comment on Matriarch: Low Life in High Heels
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