"Help, My Child Won't Sleep!" – Treating Insomnia in Children | Fix Your Sleep Today!
There's no denying it — this world of fast-paced communication, highly accessible media, and ubiquitous applications represents both opportunities and pitfalls for the kids?of today. No wonder treating insomnia in ?children appears to be so difficult! But, as with everything, we must return to first principles and?think about is how these things influence our children from a developmental perspective, and also how they will serve to shape their experiences into the future. With the million distractions that exist, how do you handle your kids today when it comes to proper sleep hygiene? Do you have a schedule in place? Do they know how to respect your boundaries? Or do they frequently and routinely ignore the limits that are set and subsequently have issues?falling asleep? This post will?speak to causes of insomnia in children and also possible means of treatment that can be employed in order to reverse the potential harmful effects of same.
Essentially, insomnia is an inability to fall asleep or even to stay asleep for sustainable periods of time.?As a direct result, sufferers of insomnia experience non-restorative sleep which can leadto a host of other debilitating effects. We all know that?children, especially younger ones, require a greater quantity of sleep than adults on a daily basis. Infants can sleep up to 16 hours in a single day while children 2 years and older only require 12. It is important to remember that the formative years, that is between ages 0 & 7 represent the stage within which most of the social, cognitive and psychological traits in?children tend to solidify. As a result we must all ensure that our kids get the best sleep possible so that they can perform optimally and effectively in all their pursuits.
Insomnia can manifest itself in many different ways for kids. The primary indicator is of course difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. In some cases, kids may also the awaken way too early. In my previous posts regarding some of the high-level effects of sleep deprivation, it's pretty easy to see that very similar side effects occur in children despite the fact that adults have a higher tolerance for sleep debt. Children may exhibit drowsiness and lethargy throughout the day along with memory problems and attention span issues. Irritability, hyperactivity and aggression?in the form of unusual temper tantrums are also marked changes in behavior that company childhood insomnia. Naturally this can lead to poor performance in school and a lack of?social adjustment.?This also puts undue pressure on parents as well so we should not forget that these problems do not occur only in isolation.
Insomnia can be caused by both behavioral and medical issues. We're going to look at each in turn, starting with the behavioral which incidentally is the more common of the two.
Behavioral insomnia reflects what happens when children are not taught proper sleep practices. In that way it resembles poor sleep hygiene common in adults who themselves may ignore sleeping opportunities in favor of other pursuits (much to their own detriment). There are two major types of behavioral insomnia: sleep-onset association and limit-setting.
This specific type of behavioral insomnia arises?as a result of a conditioned expectation. What does that mean exactly? Basically that the child has come to expect the parent's presence before falling asleep. In new parents this may be a common mistake. Oftentimes parents will cuddle with their children, rock them, sing to them or even lie down?with them in order to make sure that they fall asleep. While this may not sound like a bad thing it does have possibly serious implications. The child may come to associate the presence of the parent with the activity of sleep — an occurrence that is detrimental to both parties. It is important to recall that most children do wake up up to 5 times per night therefore if having a parent present is a precondition to sleep then either Mommy or Daddy must be awake as well! Obviously this can lead to?a lot of frayed nerves on the part of the parents.
In a very real sense limit-setting insomnia is almost the opposite of sleep-onset association insomnia. Where sleep association insomnia stems from consistent but incorrect?conditioning, limit-setting insomnia actually comes from a lack of reinforcement of proper?sleep hygiene and parental authority. Children in and of themselves do not understand how much sleep they actually require on a daily basis and thus?are likely to think that they may be "missing out"?on?additional play time or entertainment. Some may even become excessively?stubborn or very opinionated about the times at which they should be allowed to fall asleep, and try to hide from or delay the process as long as possible! A subset of?parents unfortunately given to these behavioural displays, only to have their children develop poor sleep practices. Demands around bedtime are not uncommon in this particular class of insomnia, and may include things like food, attention or perhaps just additional time to play. Many kids who are afflicted with this will try to push their parents with ever more increasing demands and there must come a time, if this behaviour is to be curtailed, that parents take a stand.
Incidences of medically caused insomnia and rather?rare but definitely possible. In most cases this is due to treatment for other disorders for which the onset of insomnia may be purely incidental. Children that have challenges with depression, autism, ADHD or Asperger's may take medication which bring about?insomnia as a side effect.
Control the Sleep Environment?- Ensure that your child's sleep environment is conducive to sleep. This includes such things as making sure that the bed is comfortable and that the lighting and temperature are suitable. Also delay discussions relating to?any stressful topics so as to prevent anxiety from interfering with their child sleep. We often forget that children are just as prone to stress as adults (if not more so).
Set an appropriate bedtime – For this strategy to be effective,?it is important to understand the average amount of sleep that may be required by your child. Infants need around 12 hours whereas children between the ages of 6 and 12 may?require around 10. Teens can get by with 8?or 9?hours. Once you have a handle on your child's sleep requirements, do be sure to enforce a bedtime hour consistent with their needs.
Practice relaxation techniques with your child?- This is fairly effective because it?teaches your child to create a bedtime ritual…a set of practices?that allow the body to know that it is time to wind down in preparation for sleep. This can go from deep breathing exercises to very specific activities such as brushing teeth and?reading bedtime stories. Once more consistency is paramount?so that children understand that sleep is the next logical activity to follow. Dissociate yourself from your child's sleeping pattern as in the case of sleep onset insomnia. Parents must find a way to ensure that their child does not maintain an expectation of their presence in order for sleep to ensue. Some people think that this may be cruel?since at times the child may actually cry without the presence of the parent but inevitably this can only be beneficial to both parties. For one thing it frees the child from the seemingly definite belief that a parent must be in proximity for them to sleep and also frees parents from the need to provide soothing for their kids in all cases before bed. Self soothing is not a crime and the earlier that children understand this the better it will be.
Being firm with children?- In limit-setting instances unreasonable demands must not be accommodated. That's right, that means no food or snacks or extra time with those gadgets or TV. Facilitating those requests will only send a signal to the child that stubbornness has its own payoff.
"Unplugging" your child -?This may be considered controversial for some parents but?is actually a very serious recommendation. Mobile devices such as phones and tablets, and also TVs (in fact anything with a colour emitting screen) are known to emit blue light which serves to stimulate the body into believing that daytime is still in effect. In such instances the onset of sleep is delayed and children end up?going to bed off their circadian rhythms and possibly experiencing sleep hangovers in the morning. It is important to cease?interaction with devices with screens at least an hour before bed so that your child can become settled into their ritual prior to falling to sleep.
Behavioral and cognitive therapy?- Sometimes kids need a little help on the psychological side in order to develop proper sleep hygiene. It is usually best to pursue this as an early alternative to any options involving medication since these tend not to be recommended for children and adolescents. Getting a referral to a sleep specialist is usually a great place to start this kind of intervention which is likely to have more sustainable effects as the child grows older.
By following the above, it's likely that children suffering from childhood insomnia will find themselves regaining their energy on a daily basis. For parents, there is nothing like the security of their child's welfare.
Did you or your child ever experience insomnia in any form? What were your coping mechanisms? Drop me a line below, I would love to hear from you!
Very nice article on children sleep problems, great tips you have suggested. Shame even our children do not sleep well today, I feel our diets and technology also causes these problems. Your article should benefit many children, very good topic I am happy I read your article today.
Thanks so much Jeff. It's certainly true that our kids today are just too plugged in and their diets are positively awful. Childhood obesity really should not exist…that predisposes so many children today to sleep disorders as well. Glad you found this beneficial and all the best!
I agree about the no snacking. I found when my kids snacked late at night it was easier to fall asleep. I have also found that a warm bath always relaxes and helps people to sleep. It works for kids as well as adults. Great Post! Thanks for sharing.
Thanks Wendy. I've had a bad habit of snacking at night ever since I was little. But it usually just amounts to something light, like some crackers and some chamomile tea–it's part of my bedtime ritual now basically! Just like work, we need to recognise that we need to get into a kind of 'zone' before bed as well to ensure that we are well rested. Take care of yourself!
Hi Joshua. I love this post, I do not have kids of my own but now I have this knowledge I will know what to do to give my kids the correct sleeping habits when I do. Do you think that with all the new technology these days, kids not getting the right amount of sleep is becoming an even bigger problem?
Glad you enjoyed this post Jimmy. And yes, technology in my mind is one of the major reasons for poor sleep with kids these days for sure. It's up to parents really to curtail this behaviour–for example my nieces and nephews have a 'no-device' policy that applies during the week. They've also been trained to fall asleep at certain times and awake early each day so enforcement can definitiely be done–just needs discipline. Kids will push the envelope (or course they would, I know in their position I'd do the same) but firmness on the part of the responsible adults should always win.
Great and useful information about a very important topic. I myself have suffered insomnia since childhood, mainly due to not feeling safe and in control. If that is down to my personality or something that happend when I was a child I don't know. For my own kids I have been really strict in keeping the bedtime, now I have two teens who sleep well and wake up relaxed, which is a winning concept for the whole day.
Appreciate the feedback Cat. I have had at least two friends who were insomniacs since childhood and the unfortunate thing is that this sometimes goes undiagnosed. There could be several causal factors for your own specific case, but I'd venture to say that if you're still experiencing insomnia, then meditation, white noise or binaural beats might be good non-pharmaceutical interventions you could try.
Thanks for writing this super helpful article! My nephew struggles with sleeplessness, and I'm actually supposed to watch him for a few days while his parents go on vacation! I've been wondering how on earth I'm going to get him to sleep while I'm there! I will definitely try the tips you mentioned and hope for the best!
Glad you found the article helpful Audrey! I do hope his parents were consistent with his bedtime rituals. Do let me know how it turns out!


Elegant, Flat, Sporty Casio Mens watch AQ-230A-1DMQYES . Colors > Dial: Black, Strap: Silver, Case: Silver. Very comfortable Stainless steel strap. The water resistance is 3 ATM. A scratch proove Mineral glass, hardened protects your watch from involuntary injuries.


I enjoy making tutorials, here are some!
Art Stuff! Tutorial series on youtube about digital painting and drawing. Covering fundamentals and moving into advanced material as episodes continue. See below or on my youtube channel to start playlist!


My system is OS X Yosemite. When I connect MBP to a monitor, the monitor shows no signal error and the MacBook screen also becomes black. Disconnecting will not make the MacBook screen normal again. I have to force it to shut down and restart. I also don't have the "detect display" option in system preference -> display. Does anyone have the same problem?
Those specifications and those of the cable and monitor indicate that it should work.
You could try resetting the SMC on that Mac by shutting down the Mac holding down the Shift+Control+Option keys and the Power button at the same time. Wait 15 sec and then turn it back on.
Failing that you could start in Safe Mode by holding the shift key while booting (booting will take a lot longer) and try plugging in the monitor then.
Sometimes "zapping the PRAM" can fix issues like this. To reset the PRAM, restart your computer and at the chime (on pre-2016 models), press and hold down Command+Option+P+R. After a short pause, the computer will restart. Continue to hold all the keys down until the 3rd chime then release to let the computer start up normally. This has resolved display problems for me and a number of my clients. I hope it works for you too.


Local Anti Cuts campaigners in Bournemouth lobbied the Police Federation Conference (May 16) on the day the Home Secretary says she's not for turning. Good response from the delegates with over 400 "Speaking up for Public Services" anti-cuts leaflets taken by conference delegates.
Seems they were not impressed with pay cuts, privatisation and contracting out of policing and back room services . . . didn't get chased down the street or moved on either . . .


It's pretty easy to create a graphs in the JavaFX application, because there are a lot of neat libraries on the Internet.
Trouble comes when you need to stick with JavaFX 2.
We will fill the init method to set up the scene showing the graph nodes from the picture above.
The library is available as a JAR or source archive.


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Tivoli Audio iPAL/PAL
By Dan Frakes
If you're a radio lover, you'll be hard-pressed to find a better portable speaker solution than the Tivoli iPAL or PAL. As a speaker for an iPod or other portable player, it offers 15-20 hours of use (thanks to a rechargeable internal battery) in a weather-resistant, though bulky, enclosure that's perfect for the beach or back yard. As a radio, the iPAL has one of the best AM/FM radios on the market, with sensitivity and selectivity that outperform many expensive tuners and receivers.
(The PAL comes in a rubbery enclosure and is available in one of eight colors. The iPAL is a version designed to match the iPod -- it's enclosure is harder plastic with a white gloss and matte silver finish. Both are water resistant.)
Even though the PAL/iPAL has only a single speaker, that speaker is exceptional -- the PAL/iPAL provides sound quality that competes favorably with portable systems that have separate left/right speakers. (It's difficult to get true stereo imaging from small speaker systems where the left and right speakers are close together, so in these cases mono isn't the drawback it would be in a home system.) In fact, we preferred the full-bodied sound of the PAL/iPAL to most of the "stereo" portable speakers we've auditioned.
TIP: Although you'll get the best sound by using a mini-to-mini cable to connect your iPod to the PAL/iPAL -- preferably using the iPod's line-out capability via a third-party adapter such as the SendStation PocketDock -- you can also connect the two via an FM transmitter, which broadcasts your music over an FM frequency that can be received by the iPAL.--Dan Frakes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


mining pump companies in zambia. 20/Dec/2015 Home BMEBME, together with Protea Mining Chemicals forms the mining division within .
mining chemicals suppliers in zimbabwe - .
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Mining chemicals. Building materials ... of Chryso and ABE construction chemicals in Zambia. ... become one of the leading manufacturers and suppliers of paint in Zambia.
The Chemicals Industry in South Africa - The Global .
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Zambia Manufacturers, Sell Chemicals Suppliers; AFRICA MINERAL RESOUCE LIMITED is located in zambia, ... The largest mining and metals company in Zambia.
Companies in Zambia covering Agriculture, Business Services, Chemicals, Electronic Components & Supplies, Food & Beverage, and more.
Mining in Zambia mainly involves copper mining, ... this company is one of the leading suppliers of an extensive range of ... water treatment and mining chemicals.


text:
Jerzy Patoła (April 19, 1946 - July 1, 2016) was a Polish footballer who played in the Ekstraklasa, and the National Soccer League.

Career
Patoła began his football career in 1964 with Zagłębie Sosnowiec of the Ekstraklasa where he played for 13 seasons. During his tenure with Sosnowiec his achievements were reaching the Polish Cup finals in 1970/1971, finishing runners up three times, and featuring in several Intertoto Cup tournaments. He made his debut for the club on May 24, 1964 in a match against Ruch Chorzów, and made his final appearance on November 30, 1975 against Lech Poznań. In 1976, he went overseas to Canada to sign with Toronto Falcons of the National Soccer League. He played with the club until the 1981 season.

International career
He played with the Poland Olympic football team in a match against Sweden on May 19, 1966. He eventually retired from competitive soccer and settled in Canada as machinist. He died on July 1, 2016 in Mississauga, Ontario.

References

1946 births
2016 deaths
Polish footballers
Polish expatriate footballers
Zagłębie Sosnowiec players
Toronto Falcons players
Ekstraklasa players
Canadian National Soccer League players
People from Sosnowiec
Association football goalkeepers
Expatriate soccer players in Canada
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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home > news > Automakers > Magna Tells Investors Sales Expected to Jump More Than $11B by 2023
Magna Tells Investors Sales Expected to Jump More Than $11B by 2023
Sales jumping from $32.6 billion in 2020 to over $43 billion in 2021.
Joseph Szczesny , Executive Editor
Magna CEO Swamy Kotagiri told investors sales would rise by at least $11 billion in the next few years.
Magna International, one of the world's largest automotive suppliers expects global sales to hit as much as $45.5 billion in 2023, officials told investors this week.
The company said it expects sales to grow to a range of $43 billion to $45.5 billion in 2023, up from $32.6 billion in 2020. Officials expect global light-vehicle production to grow 6% on average per year from 2020 through 2023, while the company's annual sales will grow 10-12% on average, per year over that time frame, the annual report indicated.
Innovation leads the way
This growth is being led, in part, by several new products developed by Magna. One of those are EV battery enclosures that contribute to the structure of the vehicle, protect high-voltage batteries and will debut on the new GMC Hummer EV and Ford F-150.
Another technology developed by Magna, Clearview, a combination of camera and mirror technology that provides an enhanced field of view. It will be available on multiple vehicle models for the global automotive market.
Freeform is a surface seating trim that improves seat comfort with contoured surfaces which has been sourced with two global automakers, Magna added.
Part of Magna's growing business is the all-electric Fisker Ocean SUV, which it will build in Austria.
Strong balance sheet aids growth
Magna also said in February net income from the fourth quarter of 2020 increased 68% from a year earlier due in part to better-than-anticipated vehicle production.
"Our balance sheet remains strong," said Magna CEO Swamy Kotagiri in a letter to shareholders in the annual report.
"Last year we invested approximately $600 million in areas of engineering aligned with megatrends, including electrification, autonomy and new mobility. We will continue our disciplined investment approach to drive growth and create long term shareholder value.
"As one of the world's largest and most advanced technology suppliers in the mobility space, we continue to be an indispensable partner for established automakers and new entrants alike. While Magna's current product portfolio is well positioned for the car of the future, we are continuing to expand our offerings, capabilities and evolving business models."
The annual report also noted that Magna had launched a new joint venture with South Korea-based LG Electronics that blends Magna's strength in electric powertrain systems and automotive manufacturing with LG's expertise in component development for e-motors and inverters, accelerating both companies' growth in the electric powertrain market.
In addition, Magna is supplying electric carmaker Fisker with an EV platform, electrical/electronic architecture, vehicle engineering and manufacturing and the complete ADAS system for the Fisker Ocean SUV, demonstrating Magna's unique systems level approach.
Magna's facility in Graz, Austria already builds a variety of vehicles for established automakers.
"Additionally, we continued to win significant business throughout the year, despite pandemic constraints, driven by our leading technology," the company noted. "These wins reflect our continued investments that drive innovative solutions for our customers. In fact, over 90% of our 2023 sales are already booked."
New venture with Israeli company
Magna also entered into a new agreement with REE Automotive Ltd. Tel Aviv-based REE is a self-described electric mobility company, marketing Modular Electric Vehicles, or MEVs.
The collaboration will explore the combination of REE's technology with Magna's vehicle systems integration expertise and manufacturing capabilities, to develop MEVs for commercial customers to customize vehicles based on their specifications and branding, while accelerating time to market.
"We are thrilled to reach a collaboration agreement with Magna, which should help put us on the fast track to support a broad range of electric vehicles (EVs)," said Daniel Barel, REE Co-Founder and CEO, in a statement.
"We see a growing demand for highly modular EVs from leading tech companies and new electric mobility players who have set their sights on entering the EV realm and building a brand in automotive. REE and Magna working together under the 'Powered by REE' approach can help bring their vision to life."


US wireless leader Verizon Wireless announced that its fourth quarter sales for 2003 were very strong. It added a record 1.5 million customers. Average customer revenue stayed at $49 per month, but data services only accounted for a scant 3% of revenue.


Explore more games and downloadable content for LET IT DIE!
This is a super handy pack of 280 Death Metals and 150,000 Kill Coins. Death Metal can be used to continue the game after you die or expand your storage among other things, and Kill Coins can be used to purchase useful equipment.
This content can only be purchased once.
It is possible that this content may be sold again.
In this event you will be able to rebuy the content.
If you didn't purchase your additional items in-game from Direct Hell, please restart your game to receive your items.
Other than Death Metal, the items obtained in this content will be sent to your in-game Rewards Box once purchased.
If your Rewards Box has 50 or more items in it, you will be able to claim your purchased items when the amount of items in the box drops below 50.


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Joshua Reviews Matias Pineiro's Isabella [NYFF 2020]
Few people seem to have an affinity for the works of William Shakespeare as one Matias Pineiro. Throughout his career, the Argentinian auteur has made it seemingly his entire project's mission to not just re-imagine the works of The Bard but to subvert, invert and every other possible way distort and reshape the legendary scribe's work both literally and figuratively.
And so goes Isabella, the director's latest work.
After premiering at this year's Berlin International Film Festival, Pineiro makes his way to The Big Apple to bring his latest to this year's New York Film Festival, finding the director this time riffing on Shakespeare's Measure For Measure.
Easily the filmmaker's most obtuse and elliptical work, Isabella tells the story of Mariel (Maria Villar) and Luciana (Agustina Munoz), two women caught in the throes of the Buenos Aires independent theater scene. The title is drawn from a character in the above-mentioned Shakespeare play, a role for which Mariel desperately wants to win, a process viewers become privy to as the film jumps forward through time with little regard for its audience's equilibrium. Dating her estranged brother is the more successful Luciana, but frankly, all of this does little to actually describe what Isabella is actually attempting to do.
As with most of Pineiro's works, Shakespeare is less a guide than it is a launching pad, this time for something entirely unlike anything the director's done previously. A film very much about the structure and tone, Isabella opens on a series of four concentric frames that all bare a different color. As this opening progresses the tones shift and change, a theme we see returned to throughout. Be it the very literal return of these frames interspersed throughout the film or scenes like Mariel frantically shifting around color swatches, these scenes are less emotionally keys than they are literal Rosetta Stones, glancing towards Pineiro's interest in the tonal and narrative shifts that make this film the densely layered work it truly is. Color and tone become as important to the film as anything resembling a narrative, even as we watch characters seemingly go through things like financial struggles and even pregnancies without little more than a passing glance towards the actual weight of these events.
Thankfully the performances are tuned right to this wavelength, as both Villar and Munoz give incredibly textured turns as the acquaintances turned quasi-foils. Both performances feel lived in, adding real depth to a film quite in need of it emotionally. Villar is particularly entrancing as Mariel, who seems utterly taken by this role, able to modulate her performance almost psychically in sync with Pineiro's own ever-shifting emotional textures and landscapes. It's an astonishingly enveloping performance given a film so interested in deconstructing narrative and storytelling, particularly without ever leaning into Pineiro's headiness regarding these issues. Both Villar and Munoz give emotionally cogent performances, particularly as the film expands into ideas of motherhood, a maturing of themes for both these actresses and their director.
In that way Isabella feels like something of a capstone project. Exploding themes Pineiro has himself been riffing on for much of his career, the experimenting with tone and narrative while also never losing sight of his brilliance as a director of actors is a real sight to behold. Everyone involved seems to be quite literally battling with an expanding life and growing maturity, along with all the uncertainties therein, turning what is one of Pineiro's most obtuse and lyrical works into something of near Rivette-like theater. Definitely a step to the left for one of the great filmmakers of his generation, Isabella seems like an ending and a beginning of something truly and unquestionably special.


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BDF defends US army installation
Botswana Defence Force has allayed fears that the ongoing construction of a military installation financed by the United States Department of Defence inside Thebephatshwa Air Base could lead to American soldiers ultimately being based at Thebephatshwa.
Thebephatshwa Air Base is Botswana's key national and aviation security point. Perhaps because of its relative prestige especially after construction some twenty years ago, the Air Base has been blighted by endless and often tenacious international speculation that the Americans were behind it.
All reasons were provided either to justify how Botswana did not need the facility, could not afford it or why it was simply out of reach for the country's little economy.
In an interview with Sunday Standard, the BDF Director of Protocol and Public Affairs, Colonel Tebo Dikole said the ongoing construction, which runs into millions of Pula is not an American base.
"…Subsequent to Exercise Southern Accord last year, the US Government awarded a tender to a local contractor for the construction of training classrooms and accommodation as a donation from the US government."
Colonel Dikole said the classrooms and accommodation are a donation from the American Government.
Dikole said it is common practice for communities where military exercises were conducted to benefit.
"Since Exercise Southern accord 12 was held in the Kweneng District, the BDF and USA Engineers upgraded the Gamodubu Mmakanke road from a 5B to 5A state, and the Gamodubu dam capacity was increased by 200%," he said.
He dismissed the notion that once complete the Americans will descend on Thebephatshwa. Thus the idea of Americans having a command of any sort did not arise, he said.
"Thebephatshwa Air Base solely belongs to the Government of Botswana. The facility does not in any way, shape or form have a bearing on command, and there will be no US soldiers based at Thebephatshwa," said Dikole.
On whether the American financed facility is not likely to invoke a new bout of misconceptions that the base is an American asset, Dikole said the misconception of Thebephatshwa Air Base being an American Base has long gone through the mill, "albeit we would like to reiterate that the base solely belongs to the Government of Botswana."
He emphatically dismissed any insinuation that the installation is a prelude or anyhow related to the Africa Command (AFRICOM) of the United States military.
BDF sacks deputy army commander
BDP politicization of army worries US government
US Naval War College donates books to BDF


In January 1880 the elders of the Christian Church at Whitt purchased five acres of land at this site to build a community school. The Whitt Seminary opened in 1881 in a two-story rock building. By 1885 Whitt was a thriving community of about 400 inhabitants with a number of businesses and a sincere interest in quality education. Seminary enrollment was between 175 and 200 students who came from local and surrounding communities and from as far away as the Oklahoma Territory. The Seminary educated elementary through high school students and included an academic department, a music department, and a commercial school. Music courses offered included piano, organ, guitar, violin, and voice. Other courses included bookkeeping, commercial law, writing, spelling, typing, trigonometry, history, English literature, astronomy, chemistry, and Latin. The Whitt Seminary served the community from 1881 until about 1900. The facility continued to be used as a Christian church until 1937, and then served as a site for community functions, family reunions, and annual Whitt homecomings. The original five acres, Whitt Seminary building and tabernacle were deeded to the Whitt Cemetery Association in 1976.


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Creative Forces
Following a two-year redevelopment project, Kettle's Yard brings together 38 diverse practitioners for its opening exhibition. Entitled Actions. The image of the world can be different, the show reinforces the potential of art to inspire political and social change. Artists featured include Rana Begum, Jeremy Deller, Cornelia Parker, Caroline Walker, Nathan Coley and John Akomfrah.
From 10 February. Find out more: www.kettlesyard.co.uk.
1. John Akomfrah, Untitled, 2016 Single-Channel HD video, 2-channel sound, 8:44 min Courtesy the artists © Basel Abbas and Ruanne Abou Rahme
Why History Matters
Through three rooms of video installation, John Akomfrah's new show at BALTIC is complex and ambitious, examining the borders of film.
10 to See: US Summer Shows
Aesthetica's selection of US exhibitions open this season investigates timely themes of surveillance, unseen sites and voyeuristic city scenes.
Addressing Diaspora
Signs of Empire, New Museum, New York, shines a light on John Akomfrah's exploration of the global black diaspora through moving-image installations.


text: Q: Why std::sample is not constexpr? I know that c++11 PRNG in <random> such as std::mt19937  are not usable in compile time, but  access the __TIME__ preprocessor macro to implement the constexpr version of PRNG is possible, why std::sample/std::ranges::sample is not constexpr even in C++20?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How many psychologists does it take to change a lightbulb?
The one aspect of human nature that will probably never change is the fear of change itself. Our fondness for continuity is an unconscious evolutionary mechanism that makes us feel secure. Change however, can mean a leap into the unknown that could pose any number of dangers, if not physical - we no longer live in the Stone Age - then emotional or psychological.
For better or worse the need to always feel in control is encoded in our DNA. There's even a name for the fear of change in its most extreme manifestation; Metathesiophobia. Most of us know it as the less frightening and more pronounceable term 'comfort zone'. We create them at home, at work and at play.
Benjamin Franklin once said "When you are finished changing, you are finished." Wise words but he fails to distinguish between change and forced change. We are all willing to change - otherwise there would be no such thing as a New Year's resolution - but it must be on our own terms because in that way we feel we can control the outcome. Dare anyone foist it upon us however and resistance sets in because we automatically fear what it will bring.
Try telling an employee that change is coming without specifying what it is. Guaranteed they won't automatically think it's going to be about rainbows and unicorns. Science has proved that the human brain is wired to always assume the worst when it comes to the unknown.
Science has proved that the human brain is wired to always assume the worst when it comes to the unknown.
This is probably the most important thing for any organisation to remember when thinking about making changes whether they be structural, cost-cutting or cultural. Actually, the best piece of advice for any organisation contemplating a shake-up can be summed up in an old joke. 'How many psychologists does it take to change a lightbulb? Just one, but the lightbulb has to want to change'. That's you HR. You are your employees' support system when change is on the way and you want to get them on board and that means addressing concerns individually because everyone will have different reasons for resisting.
These can include fear of losing authority, control, status or job security, their own lack of confidence in learning new skills especially when it comes to ever-changing technologies, a feeling of being overwhelmed if the changes are many and far-reaching, thinking it might involve more work for no extra reward, or antipathy towards new managers or personnel.
Foresight is a bit more tricky but its uncertainties can be mitigated by proper planning and execution.
Probably the best example of a massive change that every worker born before 1970 can remember was the shift to computers and the resistance to giving up our typewriters for something that with one wrong click on a keyboard, could mean hours of work lost in a split second. And yes, that happened... but 25 years later the benefits of that change, and thankfully the creation of the 'undo' function, have proved to be nothing short of revolutionary. Isn't hindsight wonderful? Foresight is a bit more tricky but its uncertainties can be mitigated by proper planning and execution.
The only way to get employees to embrace change is to make them want it as well. The only way to do that is through inclusion, from the idea stage through to implementation. If employees know change might be coming, not just arrived, they will be a lot more open to it after having a chance to digest what it 'will' mean for them, not what it 'might' mean for them because leaving things to the imagination is never a good idea when it comes to change, unless it involves winning the lottery.
Empathy is the key here. HR could do worse than familiarise themselves with the five stages of grief that apply to everyone who feels they have lost something; denial, anger, bargaining, depression and finally acceptance. Employee reactions to change, if they feel it's threatening, will fall into one of the first four.
Putting out feelers well in advance, and getting people's input will go a long way to smoothing transitions.
The worst resisters may exhibit them all and even if they reach the acceptance stage, as opposed to those who enthusiastically accept the changes from the outset, there could be those who continue to harbour resentments in the longer term. This could lead to damaging disruptions, undermining or derailment of change structures. That's why it's so important to have employees on board from the outset and to give them time to adjust. Prevention is always better than cure. Putting out feelers well in advance, and getting people's input will go a long way to smoothing transitions. If employees feel they are part of the change and not just the fallout victims, it will make a huge difference.
Prepare: be aware of where you will run into resistance and/or acceptance and everything in between.
Once the process begins, monitor, monitor monitor. Momentum will have to be maintained. It's very easy to slip back into the 'old familiar way' of doing things.
It's always important to remember that sometimes leaving our comfort zone is the only way to develop and grow as human beings. Change can be seen as an opportunity. Often in hindsight, even when it's been forced on us, it has challenged us to do better if only to ensure our survival, which is the most basic hard-wiring we have. If our ancestors had decided to stay in their caves and not ventured into the unknown, we'd probably still be wearing bear skins and cooking buffalo over a fire pit.
Driven by technology and the internet, the workforce has seen revolutionary changes from lifestyle priorites to diversity to flexibility.
Instead we have entered a new century where changes are happening faster than we can keep up with them. Driven by technology and the internet, the workforce has seen revolutionary changes from lifestyle priorites to diversity to flexibility. Fluctuating economic factors have forced many into a less rigid work life balance, or prompted them to abandon their risk-aversion to become self-starters. Globalisation has expanded horizons and opportunities and has sent people on the move like never before.
People may still fear unexpected change but it's happening at pace where there is not much time to sit and digest it or indeed to resist it for long. Luckily there is already a built-in human mechanism to cope with this. It's called adaptibility, or to use a 21st century catchphrase, people are realising that 'if you snooze you lose'.
Business Change and IT Transformation: Get into a business' DNA!


text:
#ifndef __logicalimageoperator_h_
#define __logicalimageoperator_h_

#include "itkUnaryFunctorImageFilter.h"
#include "itkBinaryFunctorImageFilter.h"
#include "itkUnaryLogicalFunctors.h"
#include "itkBinaryLogicalFunctors.h"

#include "itkVectorImage.h"
#include "itkImageFileReader.h"
#include "itkCastImageFilter.h"
#include "itkVectorIndexSelectionCastImageFilter.h"
#include "itkImageToVectorImageFilter.h"
#include "itkImageFileWriter.h"

#include <map>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <itksys/SystemTools.hxx>

/** \class ITKToolsLogicalImageOperatorBase
 *
 * Untemplated pure virtual base class that holds
 * the Run() function and all required parameters.
 */

class ITKToolsLogicalImageOperatorBase : public itktools::ITKToolsBase
{
public:
  /** Constructor. */
  ITKToolsLogicalImageOperatorBase()
  {
    this->m_InputFileName1 = "";
    this->m_InputFileName2 = "";
    this->m_OutputFileName = "";
    this->m_Ops = "";
    this->m_UseCompression = false;
    this->m_Argument = 0.0f;
    this->m_Unary = false;
  };
  /** Destructor. */
  ~ITKToolsLogicalImageOperatorBase(){};

  /** Input member parameters. */
  std::string m_InputFileName1;
  std::string m_InputFileName2;
  std::string m_OutputFileName;
  std::string m_Ops;
  bool m_UseCompression;
  double m_Argument;
  bool m_Unary; // is the operator to be performed unary? (else it is binary)

}; // end class ITKToolsLogicalImageOperatorBase

/** \class ITKToolsLogicalImageOperator
 *
 * Templated class that implements the Run() function
 * and the New() function for its creation.
 */

template< unsigned int VDimension, class TComponentType >
class ITKToolsLogicalImageOperator : public ITKToolsLogicalImageOperatorBase
{
public:
  /** Standard ITKTools stuff. */
  typedef ITKToolsLogicalImageOperator Self;
  itktoolsOneTypeNewMacro( Self );

  ITKToolsLogicalImageOperator(){};
  ~ITKToolsLogicalImageOperator(){};

  /** Run function. */
  void Run( void )
  {
    if( this->m_Unary ) this->RunUnary();
    else this->RunBinary();

  } // end Run()

  /** RunUnary function. */
  void RunUnary( void )
  {
    /** Typedefs. */
    typedef itk::VectorImage<TComponentType, VDimension>  VectorImageType;
    typedef itk::Image<TComponentType, VDimension>        ScalarImageType;
    typedef itk::ImageFileReader< VectorImageType >       ReaderType;
    typedef itk::ImageFileWriter< VectorImageType >       WriterType;

    /** Declarations. */
    typename ReaderType::Pointer reader1 = ReaderType::New();
    typename WriterType::Pointer writer = WriterType::New();

    /** Read the images. */
    reader1->SetFileName( this->m_InputFileName1.c_str() );
    std::cout << "Reading image1: " << this->m_InputFileName1 << std::endl;
    reader1->Update();
    std::cout << "Done reading image1." << std::endl;

    UnaryFunctorEnum unaryOperation;
    if( this->m_Ops.compare( "EQUAL" ) )
    {
      unaryOperation = EQUAL;
    }
    else if( this->m_Ops.compare( "NOT" ) )
    {
      unaryOperation = NOT;
    }
    else
    {
      std::cerr << "Invalid operator: " << this->m_Ops << std::endl;
      return;
    }

    UnaryLogicalFunctorFactory<ScalarImageType> unaryFactory;
    typename itk::InPlaceImageFilter<ScalarImageType, ScalarImageType>::Pointer logicalFilter
      = unaryFactory.GetFilter( unaryOperation, static_cast<TComponentType>( this->m_Argument ) );

    // Create the filter which will assemble the component into the output image
    typedef itk::ImageToVectorImageFilter<ScalarImageType> ImageToVectorImageFilterType;
    typename ImageToVectorImageFilterType::Pointer imageToVectorImageFilter = ImageToVectorImageFilterType::New();

    std::cout
      << "Performing logical operation, "
      << this->m_Ops
      << ", on input image(s)..."
      << std::endl;

    typedef itk::VectorIndexSelectionCastImageFilter<VectorImageType, ScalarImageType> ComponentExtractionType;

    for( unsigned int component = 0; component < reader1->GetOutput()->GetNumberOfComponentsPerPixel(); component++)
    {
      typename ComponentExtractionType::Pointer componentExtractor1 = ComponentExtractionType::New();
      componentExtractor1->SetIndex(component);
      componentExtractor1->SetInput(reader1->GetOutput());
      componentExtractor1->Update();
      logicalFilter->SetInput( componentExtractor1->GetOutput() );

      logicalFilter->Update();

      imageToVectorImageFilter->SetInput( component, logicalFilter->GetOutput() );
    } // end component loop

    /** Write the image to disk */
    writer->SetFileName( this->m_OutputFileName.c_str() );
    writer->SetInput( imageToVectorImageFilter->GetOutput() );
    writer->SetUseCompression( this->m_UseCompression );
    writer->Update();

  } // end RunUnary()

  /** RunBinary. */
  void RunBinary( void )
  {
    /** Typedefs. */
    typedef itk::VectorImage<TComponentType, VDimension>  VectorImageType;
    typedef itk::Image<TComponentType, VDimension>        ScalarImageType;
    typedef itk::ImageFileReader< VectorImageType >       ReaderType;
    typedef itk::ImageFileWriter< VectorImageType >       WriterType;

    /** A pair indicating which functor should be used for an operator,
     * and whether the arguments should be swapped.
     */
    typedef std::pair< BinaryFunctorEnum, bool >        BinaryOperatorType;
    typedef std::map<std::string, BinaryOperatorType>   BinaryOperatorMapType;

    /** Declarations. */
    typename ReaderType::Pointer reader1 = ReaderType::New();
    typename ReaderType::Pointer reader2 = ReaderType::New();
    typename WriterType::Pointer writer = WriterType::New();

    /** Available SimpleOperatorTypes are defined in itkLogicalFunctors.h:
     * AND, OR, XOR, NOT_AND, NOT_OR, NOT_XOR, ANDNOT, ORNOT
     *
     * The Simplification map (simpmap) defines for every possible logical
     * operation of the form
     *   [not]( ([not] A) [{&,|,^} ([not] B])] )
     * a simplified version.
     *
     * example1: A ^ (!B) = XORNOT(A,B) = NOT_XOR(A,B) = ! (A ^ B)
     * example2: (!A) & B = NOTAND(A,B) = ANDNOT(B,A) = B & (!A)
     */

    BinaryOperatorMapType binaryOperatorMap;
    binaryOperatorMap["AND"]        = BinaryOperatorType(AND, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["OR"]         = BinaryOperatorType(OR, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["XOR"]        = BinaryOperatorType(XOR, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["ANDNOT"]     = BinaryOperatorType(ANDNOT, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["ORNOT"]      = BinaryOperatorType(ORNOT, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["XORNOT"]     = BinaryOperatorType(NOT_XOR, false);

    binaryOperatorMap["NOTAND"]     = BinaryOperatorType(ANDNOT, true);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOTOR"]      = BinaryOperatorType(ORNOT, true);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOTXOR"]     = BinaryOperatorType(NOT_XOR, false);

    binaryOperatorMap["NOTANDNOT"]  = BinaryOperatorType(NOT_OR, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOTORNOT"]   = BinaryOperatorType(NOT_AND, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOTXORNOT"]  = BinaryOperatorType(XOR, false);

    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_AND"]    = BinaryOperatorType(NOT_AND, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_OR"]     = BinaryOperatorType(NOT_OR, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_XOR"]    = BinaryOperatorType(NOT_XOR, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_NOT"]    = BinaryOperatorType(DUMMY, false);

    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_ANDNOT"] = BinaryOperatorType(ORNOT, true);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_ORNOT"]  = BinaryOperatorType(ANDNOT, true);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_XORNOT"] = BinaryOperatorType(XOR, false);

    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_NOTAND"] = BinaryOperatorType(ORNOT, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_NOTOR"]  = BinaryOperatorType(ANDNOT, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_NOTXOR"] = BinaryOperatorType(XOR, false);

    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_NOTANDNOT"] = BinaryOperatorType(OR, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_NOTORNOT"]  = BinaryOperatorType(AND, false);
    binaryOperatorMap["NOT_NOTXORNOT"] = BinaryOperatorType(NOT_XOR, false);

    /** Read the images. */
    reader1->SetFileName( this->m_InputFileName1.c_str() );
    std::cout << "Reading image1: " << this->m_InputFileName1 << std::endl;
    reader1->Update();
    std::cout << "Done reading image1." << std::endl;

    reader2->SetFileName( this->m_InputFileName2.c_str() );
    std::cout << "Reading image2: " << this->m_InputFileName2 << std::endl;
    reader2->Update();
    std::cout << "Done reading image2." << std::endl;

    /** Set up the logicalFilter */
    if( binaryOperatorMap.count( this->m_Ops ) == 0 )
    {
      std::cerr << "ERROR: The desired operator is unknown: " << this->m_Ops << std::endl;
      return;
    }

    BinaryOperatorType logicalOperator;
    logicalOperator = binaryOperatorMap[ this->m_Ops ];
    bool swapArguments = logicalOperator.second;
    std::string withswapping = "";
    if( swapArguments )
    {
      withswapping = " with swapped arguments";
    }
    std::cout
      << "The desired logical operation, "
      << this->m_Ops
      << ", is simplified to the "
      << logicalOperator.first
      << " operation"
      << withswapping
      << "."
      << std::endl;

    BinaryLogicalFunctorFactory<ScalarImageType> binaryFactory;
    typename itk::InPlaceImageFilter<ScalarImageType, ScalarImageType>::Pointer logicalFilter
      = binaryFactory.GetFilter( logicalOperator.first );

    // Create the filter which will assemble the component into the output image
    typedef itk::ImageToVectorImageFilter<ScalarImageType> ImageToVectorImageFilterType;
    typename ImageToVectorImageFilterType::Pointer imageToVectorImageFilter = ImageToVectorImageFilterType::New();

    std::cout
      << "Performing logical operation, "
      << this->m_Ops
      << ", on input image(s)..."
      << std::endl;

    typedef itk::VectorIndexSelectionCastImageFilter<VectorImageType, ScalarImageType> ComponentExtractionType;

    for( unsigned int component = 0; component < reader1->GetOutput()->GetNumberOfComponentsPerPixel(); component++)
    {
      typename ComponentExtractionType::Pointer componentExtractor1 = ComponentExtractionType::New();
      componentExtractor1->SetIndex(component);
      componentExtractor1->SetInput(reader1->GetOutput());
      componentExtractor1->Update();

      typename ComponentExtractionType::Pointer componentExtractor2 = ComponentExtractionType::New();
      componentExtractor2->SetIndex(component);
      componentExtractor2->SetInput(reader2->GetOutput());
      componentExtractor2->Update();

      if( swapArguments )
      {
        /** swap the input files */
        logicalFilter->SetInput( 1, componentExtractor1->GetOutput() );
        logicalFilter->SetInput( 0, componentExtractor2->GetOutput() );
      }
      else
      {
        logicalFilter->SetInput( 0, componentExtractor1->GetOutput() );
        logicalFilter->SetInput( 1, componentExtractor2->GetOutput() );
      }
      logicalFilter->Update();

      imageToVectorImageFilter->SetInput(component, logicalFilter->GetOutput());
    } // end component loop

    /** Write the image to disk */
    writer->SetFileName( this->m_OutputFileName.c_str() );
    writer->SetInput( imageToVectorImageFilter->GetOutput() );
    writer->SetUseCompression( this->m_UseCompression );
    writer->Update();

  } // end RunBinary()

}; // end class LogicalImageOperator

#endif // end #ifndef __logicalimageoperator_h_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For the first time in computer history, secure cyber-protection has been combined with hard disk drive technology to defend your data and systems from cyber-attacks, insider threats, accidental file deletion, viruses, RansomWare data hostage and other potential damage.
GreenTec SecureNow™ Solutions combine cyber-defense with your applications and workflows for Video Surveillance, Records Retention, SEC Compliance, eDiscovery, Medical Records, Enterprise Backup, Accounting, Auditing and other applications, making sure your data is safe and secure and there when you need it.
SecureNow™ protects your data and computer systems from damage caused by malicious viruses like the ones that recently crippled many large companies and agencies that you hear about in the news almost daily. SecureNow™ patented technologies are NIST NCCoE SP 1800-11 Data Integrity compliant, DISA tested and validated, Dell tested on Gen 13 and 14 servers, and Chain Security Analytics certified.
SecureNow™ uses highly-secure CYBERdisk™ and WORMdisk™ Write Once Read Many (WORM) technologies so your data is protected for life. Data can't be sabotaged, modified, deleted or re-formatted and may be combined with FIPS 140-2 encryption standards to protect against disclosure and modification.
Yes, there are lots of police officers purchasing body cameras but the next big step is how is all of that video going to be stored, searched, managed and produced as evidence that will stand up in court. Many legal departments are struggling now trying to get this under control. The WORMDISK is a sure way to guarantee that the video has not be manipulated and important evidence has not been tampered with.


The Treasurer joins us now, Mr Hockey welcome to the program.
You're talking about reform. You talk about this speech after speech, the age of entitlement is over etcetera, we know all the words you've used. But you've got deficits going out for years, what is the reform agenda and how are you going to do it?
We have an economic plan and the plan is being rolled out as we speak. We are reducing the deficit and getting it back to surplus. We are getting rid of the waste, and we've been very successful in doing that in the Budget. We have an economic reform program that is delivering more jobs through three new free trade agreements with China, Korea and Japan. We have the largest infrastructure rollout in Australian history which is reaching into every state, every community, delivering more roads, better infrastructure. Importantly, we also have tax changes that are improving the structure of the tax system, getting rid of the carbon tax, the mining tax, 96 other tax changes and there is more work to be done.
Clearly you think there is still more work to be done and you asked for a sensible, mature debate about tax reform, and then almost immediately you take some of the bigger items off the table like negative gearing and super tax concessions?
I don't accept that there was an immediate recant. What we actually said was we want to consult with the community. In relation to superannuation, I pointed out that millions of Australians are relying on their superannuation every day, and they're getting lower than expected returns because we're in a low-yield environment across the world. Labor wants to impose a new tax on those people, thereby reducing the amount of money they have to spend. I say that is the wrong thing to do because we need senior Australians to go out there and consume goods. Household consumption is between 50 to 60 per cent of economic growth, and if you've got a whole cohort of Australians living in fear of another Labor tax, they'll just cocoon, which will have a negative impact on economic growth and a negative impact on jobs.
Okay, you talk about taxes. You talk about lower taxes, that's the goal clearly for you, presumably to lower those taxes, things like the company tax and doing something about bracket creep which clearly is a big problem, you'll have to raise money from elsewhere, raise taxes elsewhere or cut government spending, won't you? Particularly on the current projections.
So more spending cuts coming?
Well, we have to reduce spending, and we have got those built into the Budget, but when you have mindless opposition from the Labor Party and other parties to some of the savings that need to be made it makes tax reform much harder. The challenge we have, Australia has, is that unless we have a tax system ready for the 21st century economy, where people can buy goods and services immediately over the internet which they couldn't do 20 years ago, unless we have a tax system ready for the 21st century, we will never be able to give our children enough revenue to pay for the services that are essential for their quality of life.
That's understood, but I guess the question is how are you paying for it now? Clearly you have a deficit problem, don't you?
And what we've got to do is have measured savings where we can, in order to help pay for tax reform. We did that in the Budget, if you recall, of the $5.5 billion in the small business package, more than $5 billion was tax cuts for small business. Now, we were able to pay for that by making savings in other areas, so you've got to get the balance right. We continue to reduce government expenditure because we must, but at the same time if we can have adjustments in other areas of tax, better integrity measures which we're pursuing, particularly in relation to multinationals, then you will see that we can get the revenue that does make a difference.
But you're relying on growth figures, aren't you, that were described at the time as heroic. The RBA has since revised its growth figures and they've come down slightly. China is obviously in – there is some uncertainty about China, uncertainty about commodity prices, it's a very uncertain environment to make those sorts of projections, isn't it?
I tell you why, while everyone else was talking about other issues, I spent two days in discussions last week with one of the most powerful figures in the Chinese economy, the second biggest economy in the world, and I have no doubt in my mind that the demand for our resources is going to continue to grow. In fact, iron ore exports are at record levels in volumes, and the prices on iron ore Michael, that we're getting at the moment, are exactly what we forecast in the Budget.
So you don't see that this problem with the long-term deficits is something that is insurmountable; something that is not going to put a handbrake on the economy?
It's taking a very long time isn't it?
Well, we could go much faster, but there's two things. One is we would harm the Australian economy if we were to go faster. Secondly, when we make a commitment, we want to be able to deliver it. The Senate last year was very difficult, this year they've been far more pragmatic and all of a sudden you can see the sunshine start to go into the Labor Party Caucus where they realised the mess that they created needs to be fixed and they should support the Coalition.
So there will be another Budget before the next election?
Well, three-year election, I'm assuming that will there be another Budget before the election, but Michael, it is important that we stick to our plan and we are sticking to our plan. It is not an accident that you create 38,000 jobs in one month. Government doesn't actually create them to be honest, it's business that does, but business has to have the confidence to go out there and have a go, and they are as a result of what we are doing.
Okay just a couple of other issues quickly. The Senate's tax avoidance interim report which is tabled later today; I understand it will urge the Government to take unilateral action against corporate tax dodgers. Will you name and shame as it says you should?
Well, actually the report hasn't been released, although I note that some media outlets have it which is an extraordinary breach of the Senate rules, but we'll see where that goes. Secondly, Senator Dastyari should be aware that in December, all companies that have a taxable income over $100 million have to disclose how much tax they pay in Australia. Thirdly, in the middle of my Budget speech, I actually tabled a draft bill to crack down on multinationals that are not paying their fair share of tax in Australia, and that is being rolled out and in the next sitting fortnight I will introduce that bill, and that's in partnership with the United Kingdom. But also we are taking a global lead in going after 30 primarily offshore-based companies that are not paying their fair share of tax. And finally, we have more resources allocated in the Australian Taxation Office that has already delivered a dividend of $400 million extra tax revenue going after multinationals that are not paying their fair share.
Just quickly on the polls, you would have seen them, everybody has seen them. Another one this weekend showing support drifting away. Does it concern you?
Well, we've got to focus on policy, we've got to focus on what really matters to 100 per cent of the Australian population, and that is jobs and growth and community security, and that's exactly what we're doing. We're focusing - we've got to focus on the things that matter to everyday Australians.
Treasurer Joe Hockey, we will leave it there. Thanks very much for joining us.


text:
Главная / О группе / Пресс-релизы / "Counterfeit 2" short biography (UK version)
"Counterfeit 2" short biography (UK version)
MARTIN L. GORE BIOGRAPHY
NEW ALBUM "COUNTERFEIT2"
RELEASE DATE: 28th APRIL 2003
Martin L. Gore, songwriter and one of the founder members of Depeche Mode, is set to release his new album entitled "Counterfeit2" in April 2003. The album is the second in his counterfeit cover-version series. Classic tunes by Lou Reed, Iggy Pop, Nick Cave And The Bad Seeds, Kurt Weill, David Essex and John Lennon are among the album's eleven radically reworked homages to musical heroes old and new.
As Depeche Mode took time out following their monstrously successful "Exciter" album and world tour, Martin could easily have spent the last 18 months lying on a beach, listening to disco music. But instead he knuckled down at his home studio in California, revisiting and reinventing songs which have touched him deeply over the years.
The tracks on "Counterfeit2" range from sultry 21st Century blues to achingly lovely sci-fi lullabies, sublime alt-country crooners to engrossing electronic torch songs. A glittering haul of buried treasure, their only guiding spirit being the visceral emotional attachment felt by Martin towards them.
"I really wanted to get across a fan's perspective," says Martin. "There is something about the songs I like that somehow gives the album a thread. Deep emotions, I suppose. There has to be a personal connection."
Even casual Depeche Mode fans will recognise the aching vulnerability and lustful longing in these songs of faith and devotion. But the track listing on "Counterfeit2" goes deeper than mere influence; it goes right to the roots of why Martin became a musician in the first place. "Without some of the artists I've covered here, I wouldn't be writing the way I do."
Martin's teenage tastes clearly ranged freely, as "Counterfeit2" demonstrates. Here a woozy electro-glide through the strangely soothing alienation of Brian Eno's 'By This River' rubs shoulders with a techno-glam overhaul of post-fame burnout anthem 'Stardust', the weirdest David Essex tune ever to grace the Top 10. Martin is, after all, pop's original Essex boy.
A compelling post-lounge twist on Iggy Pop's 'Tiny Girls' gives way to a streamlined, softly oscillating version of John Lennon's 'Oh My Love'. And a sleek, German-language version of Nico's Teutonic torchlight serenade 'Das Lied Vom Einsamen Mädchen' (The Song of The Lonely Girl), contrasts sharply with a reading of The Velvet Underground's 'Candy Says', which Martin fatefully describes as "more drugged out than the original".
In choosing the tracks for "Counterfeit2", Martin has also dug deep into musical history, adding a sensual electronic sheen to the vintage country-blues tunes 'I Cast A Lonesome Shadow' and 'In My Time Of Dying'. But the album's most straightforward and traditionally romantic number finds Martin crooning desolately over piano and strings on Kurt Weill's deceptively jaunty hymn to a godless universe, 'Lost In The Stars'.
As well as nodding to the past, "CounterfeitВІ" also acknowledges some of Martin's left-field pop peers. Labelmate Nick Cave And The Bad Seeds' lusty blues howler 'Lover Man' is reborn as a sexually charged trip-hop juggernaut of manicured malevolence. But the album's beatific peak is 'In My Other Word', Julee Cruise's fragrant, David Lynch-ian fable about a parallel universe where cover versions of ourselves are enjoying perfect lives.
So what is the counterfeit Martin L. Gore doing, right now, in this magical world just beyond our reach? "He's probably on the beach," grins Martin, "listening to disco music."
Counterfeit2. Borrowed songs, real passions. Accept no substitute.
For further information please contact Sarah Lowe or Andy Fraser at Mute Records (UK)


FREMONT, CA, September 11, 2017 — Today, NEXTracker™, a Flex company, announced an industry-first milestone of ten gigawatts (10 GW) of trackers sold to hundreds of projects across five continents. NEXTracker's success is a direct result of the company's dedication to delivering innovation that reduces the levelized cost of solar energy, providing an exceptional level of customer service, and manufacturing quality solar trackers with the highest availability on the market today. As the solar tracker market share leader for the second consecutive year, NEXTracker continues to execute on increasing global demand for smart tracking systems in the large-scale solar power industry.
NEXTracker's single-axis solar tracker, NX Horizon™ is the leading tracking solution for ground-mounted solar power systems, with over 175 MW per week of manufacturing capacity. With independent rows, high-slope tolerance and rapid assembly features, construction risk is minimized and project schedules are accelerated. Key mechanical and electrical components have substantial ground clearance, minimizing flood, snow, and vegetation concerns. With NX Horizon, each row is remotely monitored, leveraging advanced data science capabilities to ensure maximum performance and availability. NX Horizon is certified to UL 2703 and UL 3703 standards, underscoring NEXTracker's commitment to safety, reliability and quality.
Earlier this year, NEXTracker announced TrueCapture™, an intelligent, self-adjusting tracker control system for solar power plants. TrueCapture's technology continuously refines the tracking algorithm of each individual solar array in response to existing site and weather conditions. Typically delivering two to six percent energy gains, TrueCapture enables system owners and developers to maximize solar system performance and enhance profits for solar power facilities.
For more insight into how NX Horizon and TrueCapture work, please visit: NEXTracker Designs to Scale and TrueCapture Animation by NEXTracker.
 "Solar Tracker Effectiveness: It's All About Availability," J. Elerath, Ph.D. Pending publication, IEEE INTELEC Conference Proceedings, Oct. 2017.
 "The Global PV Tracker Landscape 2017: Prices Forecasts, Market Shares and Vendor Profiles," GTM Research, S. Moskowitz, July 2017.


These graduate students are currently seeking academic and professional appointments. These promising political scientists are prepared in a breadth of scholarship with experience in original research and teaching. We know our students well and welcome the opportunity to give you candid appraisals of their abilities and prospects for any position. If any of these individuals might be appropriate for your needs, please contact our Placement Director, Professor David Samuels, at 612-624-9876 or dsamuels@umn.edu.


text:
Los supercondensadores, también conocidos como condensadores electroquímicos de doble capa, pseudocapacitores, ultracapacitores o simplemente EDLC por sus siglas en inglés, son dispositivos electroquímicos capaces de sustentar una densidad de energía inusualmente alta en comparación con los condensadores normales, presentando una capacidad miles de veces mayor que la de los condensadores electrolíticos de alta capacidad.

Mientras que un típico condensador electrolítico D-Cell tiene una capacidad de decenas de miliFaradios (mF), la de un EDLC del mismo tamaño será de varios faradios, o sea alrededor de dos o tres órdenes de magnitud mayor, pero generalmente con una menor tensión de trabajo. Los EDLC comerciales de mayor tamaño cuentan con capacidades tan elevadas como 5000F, alcanzando densidades de energía de hasta 30Wh/kg (unas 500 veces menos que la gasolina).

Historia
El primer supercondensador fue patentado por el ingeniero eléctrico H. E. Becker para la General Electric en 1957, y se basaba en el principio de aumento del área de las placas sustituyendo la interfaz cerámica o polimérica entre las placas por un material poroso de carbono en una disolución electrolítica, produciendo un aumento en el área de las placas y por tanto en la capacidad.

El primer supercondensador comercial lo fabricó Standard Oil of Ohio (SOHIO) en 1969, con una interfaz de carbono y solución electrolítica de sal de tetralquilamonio. A pesar de los grandes problemas derivados de la enorme resistencia interna de los primeros supercondensadores, en los siguientes veinte años fueron utilizados para el desarrollo de los primeros magnetoscopios, respaldos de memoria para computadoras y cámaras de alta tecnología; usando para ello interfaces de carbono con placas de aluminio en plasma. A final de los ochenta, se desarrolló el primer supercondensador de un faradio, y compañías rusas a principios de los noventa presentaron el primer supercondensador que superaba los cien faradios.

El primer éxito para obtener supercondensadores rentables fue el uso de dióxido de rutenio por Conway y sus colaboradores en 1991, ya que fue el primer supercondensador que presentó una baja resistencia interna. Estos dispositivos generaron un gran interés debido a su aplicación a automóviles híbridos, por lo que se impulsó su investigación en todo el mundo. Una de las más importantes fue la iniciada en 1998 por el Departamento de Energía de los Estados Unidos y que aún sigue vigente. Actualmente los supercondensadores comerciales son de base carbono con un electrolito de metal alcalino o alcalinotérreo. Los principales productores son Panasonic y Maxwell Tecnologies. Donde se ocupan más actualmente son para diseño de sistemas de potencia para la estabilización de voltaje, por lo que encontramos supercondensadores de 1500 y 3000 faradios, con un peso que va del kilo y medio a los tres kilogramos. Continúa la investigación en autos híbridos y su uso en sistemas de energía solar y energía eólica.

Principio de pseudocapacitancia
Los estudios en supercapacitancia llevaron a proponer un nuevo modelo de almacenaje de energía eléctrica: la pseudocapacidad o pseudocapacitancia. En la capacitancia clásica el almacenamiento de energía está asociado a la acumulación de carga eléctrica entre las láminas del condensador gracias al medio aislante. Pero se descubrió que la acumulación de carga en los supercondensadores, principalmente en los de carbono con disolución electrolítica de un metal, era en cambio producida por la deficiencia electrónica producto de la interacción de los iones metálicos con el medio de carbono.

La pseudocapacitancia es un fenómeno dependiente de la tensión, con lo que por lo tanto se posee una capacitancia variable que debe ser modelada adecuadamente. Sin embargo, los rangos de tensión en que son utilizados los supercondensadores permiten su manejo como un condensador convencional con un valor alto de capacitancia y una serie de resistencias e inductores. Además, se aumenta la capacitancia con una delgada capa de material aislante entre las caras de carbono.

De acuerdo con este modelo teórico, uno de los principales aspectos a estudiar en el fenómeno de supercapacitancia es la concentración del electrolito y la naturaleza de los electrodos (denominación común de las barras conductoras) así como la naturaleza de la capa de aislante. Zhang indica que los electrolitos recomendados para la construcción de supercondensadores son los hidróxidos de sodio e hidróxido de potasio, y afirma que hay un aumento de la capacidad hasta un punto crítico en 2 y 10 molar respectivamente; sin embargo, el aumento de la concentración trae consigo un aumento constante de la resistencia interna del dispositivo. Por otro lado la presencia de las entrecaras de carbono incrementa la capacitancia únicamente si la porosidad promedio del medio es máxima, por lo que los diseños de nanotubos y nanoespumas son fundamentales para el desarrollo de supercondensadores. Por último Obreja indica que la capa ideal debe oscilar entre los 50 y los 200 micrómetros.

Clasificación y elaboración de supercondensadores

Los supercondensadores actualmente se clasifican de acuerdo con los materiales de los que se encuentran elaborados. Actualmente se distinguen de acuerdo con Zhou y Dinh–Nguyen principalmente cuatro tipos:

1. Supercondensadores electrolíticos de entrecaras de carbono de doble capa Los principales son los que utilizan hidróxido de sodio y potasio o ácido sulfúrico. En ellos la disolución se disocia en iones positivos de sodio o potasio, que ante la presencia de voltaje por aumento de la atracción entre cargas se acumula una mayor energía eléctrica.

2. Supercondensadores no electrolíticos de entrecaras de carbono de doble capa Los principales son los que son elaborados como aerogeles, soles, los de nanotubos de carbono y carbón activado.
Los soles son dispersiones de partículas sólidas en líquido que se encuentran indefinidamente en movimiento browniano. En cambio un gel es un sólido que posee una gran cantidad de líquido y una estructura que permite que se encuentren ambas fases combinadas. Para la formación de soles para condensadores se forma el óxido de metal elegido en agua, sea a altas temperaturas o con un exceso de base para formar el sol. Posteriormente el sol es gelado por deshidratación o aumento de pH. También se pueden formar soles orgánicos con resorcinol en formaldehído. El resultado de los procesos es la formación de un material homogéneo muy poroso que permite una alta capacitancia. Si el sol es combinado con la interfaz de carbono se calcula que puede alcanzarse una capacitancia de 400 faradios por gramo.

3. Supercondensadores acuosos de óxido de doble capa con pseudocapacitancia redox Los principales son los de óxido de litio, dióxido de rutenio, dióxido de iridio, óxido de cobalto(II) y dióxido de manganeso.
Los supercondensadores pueden fabricarse siguiendo la metodología de la sección anterior para elaborar un sol. Otra forma de obtenerlo es por la deposición de un óxido metálico por medio de un procedimiento de electrólisis. Se han hecho investigaciones donde se han alcanzado capacitancias de 400F/g con óxido de rutenio(III). Supercondensadores más rentables de alrededor de 50F/g se han logrado con óxido de níquel. Una forma alternativa para generar la estructura porosa es la adición de óxido de litio a un metal como el platino; a este material se le agrega ácido para retirar el litio y mantener la estructura porosa de escala nanométrica.

4. Supercondensadores de polímeros conductores Se define como polímero conductor como una sustancia orgánica que conduce la electricidad de manera parecida a la de un metal, buena reversibilidad entre estado conductor y no conductor y flexibilidad mecánica. Los principales son los de politiofeno, polipirrol y polianilina. Tienen una densidad de energía mayor a 500 Watts por kilogramo, y aún se estudian sus propiedades de capacitancia.

Aplicaciones de los supercondensadores

La investigación en supercondensadores se encuentra motivada por las enormes ventajas que su uso representa para el desarrollo de circuitos eléctricos:

 Gran período de operación
 Capacidad de manejar altos valores de corriente
 Valor de carga fácil de monitorear
 Alta eficiencia
 Gran rango de tensión
 Gran rango de temperatura
 Ciclos de funcionamiento largos
 Facilidad de mantenimiento
La vida útil de un supercondensador disminuye conforme aumenta su capacitancia, pero actualmente contamos con dispositivos que superan una vida útil de veinte años con pérdidas en la tensión suministrado de alrededor de un voltio. Debido a estas propiedades de vida útil y manejo de tensión y corriente los supercondensadores han sido utilizados en diversas aplicaciones: y prometen llenar la brecha entre los condensadores y baterías.

Los EDLCs tienen una variedad de aplicaciones comerciales, especialmente en "suavización de energía" y los dispositivos de carga momentánea. Dentro de sus primeros usos cabe destacar como fuente de energía para el arranque de motores en grandes tanques de guerra y submarinos. Debido a que se han reducido los costos de producción, han comenzado a aparecer en los camiones diésel y en locomotoras. Más recientemente se han convertido en un tema de gran interés en la llamada Energía verde, pues su capacidad de absorber energía rápidamente los hace particularmente adecuados para aplicaciones de freno regenerativo. Mientras que las pilas, por otro lado, tienen dificultades en esta tarea debido su lenta velocidad de carga. Por su tamaño y peso reducido, los EDLCs, se están adaptando para almacenar electricidad en vehículos eléctricos.

Un condensador de alta capacidad tiene un gran rendimiento (el 98% de la carga se devuelve); almacena mucha energía en relación con su peso (4Wh/kg), aunque no tanto como una batería; no presentan efecto memoria y tienen una gran capacidad de carga y descarga rápida (5kW/kg).

Automóviles híbridos

Por la eficiencia en el uso de la energía estos dispositivos son un elemento prometedor para el desarrollo de medios de transporte que combinen la energía solar con la proveniente de combustibles fósiles. Su aprovechamiento se debe fundamentalmente a que permiten una mejor descarga de energía durante la aceleración del vehículo. En la prueba realizada en el año 2000 para los nuevos autobuses de transporte de la NASA que con el uso de condensadores se podía acelerar a 157 pies (48 m) en 10 segundos con el mínimo de pérdidas de energía.

Un desarrollo importante es el uso de supercondensadores para el desarrollo de la unidad de apoyo auxiliar (APU por sus siglas en inglés). Freightliner y Delphi demostraron su uso en sistemas automotrices de pasajeros, aunque BMW argumenta que hay poca sensibilidad para su regulación debido a las modificaciones hechas a la gasolina para reducir la emisión de contaminantes, por lo que es viable instalarlos en sistemas basados en hidrógeno.

Apoyo energético
Muchos proyectos en ingeniería, como el diseño de elevadores, requieren de ciclos donde en una etapa se requiera una baja descarga de energía y otros de una alta descarga (como cuando el elevador desciende y asciende). Esta demanda requiere de sistemas que permitan una regulación precisa de la energía suministrada y una alta capacidad de almacenamiento de energía. De esta manera los supercondensadores suministran la energía necesaria para subir el elevador sin necesidad de sobrecargar la red eléctrica.

En aplicaciones de energía solar es necesario estabilizar la tensión suministrado por las fotoceldas, por lo que se utilizan supercondensadores de 2400 F dispuestos en paralelo para estabilizar el suministro de energía eléctrica. De las fotoceldas generalmente se traslada la diferencia de potencial a una válvula de regulación de descarga ácida. Actualmente se estudia la manera de controlar la tensión a través de un banco de supercondensadores que permite disminuir los picos de tensión y proveer una corriente constante de 1.37 A por 45 segundos cada hora, gracias al almacenamiento de energía en el condensador y su liberación estable en un circuito equivalente RLC.

Almacenamiento de energía
Uno de los usos más extendidos de supercondensadores es su uso en sistemas microelectrónicos, memorias de computadoras, relojes y cámaras de alta precisión. Su uso permite mantener el funcionamiento de los dispositivos durante horas e incluso días. Una aplicación estudiada ampliamente en la actualidad es el uso de supercondensadores en sistemas UPS unido a sistemas de transferencia de energía acoplados por inducción (ICPT). Se utilizan para facilitar la transferencia de energía, hacer más eficiente la carga de energía eléctrica, permitiendo el aislamiento de los sistemas UPS para el funcionamiento de sistemas eléctricos.

Sistemas de transferencia de potencia
En el área de energía las propiedades de los supercondensadores son de gran importancia para la transferencia de energía. Los sistemas STATCOM (Compensadores Estáticos) son dispositivos de la familia de los sistemas de transmisión de corriente flexible alternante (FACTS), y se utiliza para el control de los picos de tensión en sistemas eléctricos. Cuando se conectan con sistemas de transferencia de potencia a elementos STATCOM, se produce una gran inductancia que produce un incremento en la corriente y picos de tensión, por lo que es necesario tener condensadores de gran capacitancia para compensar este fenómeno. Su uso permite mantener una corriente constante y menores picos de tensión para facilitar la transmisión de la energía eléctrica.

Véase también
 Autobús eléctrico
 Condensador eléctrico
 Girobús
 Grafeno

Referencias
 Dorf RC, Svoboda JA (2000) Circuitos Eléctricos: Introducción al Análisis y Diseño. México: Editorial Alfaomega pp. 290 – 291

Enlaces externos
 Nuevos supercondensadores Híbridos: La fusión entre el supercondensador clásico y la tecnología de iones de litio.
 Nuevos supercondensadores de alta densidad
 Bus eléctrico carga rápida - Iveco revela ELLISUP Busworld
 Materiales de carbono para sistemas de almacenamiento de energía: supercondensadores y baterías de ion litio
 Supercondensadores de uso en vehículos (CSIC)
 Hong Kong utiliza 8 autobuses de supercapacitadores o capabuses. (en inglés)
 BMW Concept X3 Efficient Dynamics con condensadores
 Los coreanos dicen que los supercapacitadores de grafeno ya están listos para los vehículos eléctricos, Instituto Gwangju de Ciencia y Tecnologíaen (GIST).

Baterías
Condensadores
Vehículos eléctricos
Vehículos híbridos
Tecnologías emergentes
Grafeno
Ciencia de los años 1950
1957


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In order to facilitate compliance with the 1SL's request, Spacer David Oliver KLING is appointed Charity Tracking Specialist on the staff of Second Fleet. The Tracking Specialist is responsible for recording charitable activity and donations submitted by fleet personnel and transmitting this to the Office of the First Space Lord. Effective 6 April 2018, Spacer Kling is brevetted to the grade of E-6 Petty Officer First Class.
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Models for "East River State Park" from MOMO on Vimeo.


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