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Saving the world—one long, pretentious blog post at a time.
Tag: George Orwell
Quotes & Commentary #49: Orwell
All left-wing parties in the highly industrialized parties are at-bottom a sham, because they make it their business to fight against something they do not really wish to destroy. They have internationalist aims, and at the same time they struggle to keep up a standard of life with which those aims are incompatible.
—George Orwell, A Collection of Essays
Yesterday I wrote an essay trying to answer this question: What's the right thing to do in morally compromising circumstances? This is one of the oldest and most vexing questions of human existence; and there's no way I'm going to crack this nut in one blog post. That's why I'm writing another one.
As George Orwell points out, this question isn't confined to any one sphere of our lives, but confronts us every day, in manifold and invisible ways. When we go to the grocery store, when we buy a shirt, when we download a song, when we get the latest model of smartphone, we are supporting business practices that are largely hidden from us, but which may be morally repulsive.
What is life like for the factory workers who made my computer? What are the conditions for the animals whose meat I eat? Where does the material from my jeans come from, how is it processed, who are the workers who make it? For all I know, I may be patronizing exploitative, abusive, oppressive, and otherwise unethical businesses—and, the more I consider it, the more it seems likely that I do.
Unethical business practices aside, there is the simple fact of inequality. On the left we spend a lot of time criticizing the vast wealth inequality that exists within the United States; and yet we do not often stop to realize how much wealthier are most of us than people elsewhere. Is the first situation unjust, and the second not? Is it right that some countries are wealthier than others? And if not, can we logically desire our present standard of life while maintaining our political ideals?
To the extent that opponents of inequality are immersed in a global economy—and we are, all of us—they are participating in a system whose consequences they find morally wrong. But how can you rebel against a global paradigm? You can try to minimize your damage. You can try to patronize businesses who have more humane business practices. You can become a vegan and buy second-hand clothes.
And yet, it is simply impossible—logistically, just from lack of time and resources—to be absolutely sure of the consequences of all your actions in a system so vast and so complex. It would be a full-time job to be a perfectly conscientious consumer. You can't personally investigate each factory or tour each farm. You can't know everything about the company you work for, the bank you store your money in, the supermarkets you buy your food from.
This is the enigma of being immersed in an ethically compromising system. To a certain extent, resist or not, you become complicit in a social system you did not design and whose consequences you don't approve of. It is one of the tragic but unavoidable facts of human life that good people can still do bad things, simply by being immersed in a bad social system. An economy of saints can still sin.
In economics this has a technical name: the fallacy of composition. This is the fallacy of extrapolating from the qualities of the parts to the qualities of the whole. A nation full of penny-pinchers may still be in debt. A nation full of expert job-seekers may still have high unemployment. Morally, this means a nation of good people may yet do evil.
The question, for me, is this: Where do we draw the line separating the culpability of the individual from the culpability of the system? To illustrate this, let me take two extreme examples.
Since teaching, as a profession, tends to attract idealistic and left-wing people, I think many teachers, old and young, think that the educational system in the United States is deeply flawed. The standardized tests, the inequality between school districts, the way that we evaluate kids and impart knowledge—many aspects of the system seem unfair and ineffective.
And yet, I think very few people would condemn the teachers who continue to work within this system, even if the system tends to reproduce inequality. We naturally blame the policy-makers and not the teachers, who are only doing their best in compromising circumstances.
Take the opposite extreme: soldiers working in a concentration camp. Now, it is clear that these soldiers were not personally responsible for creating the camp, and were following the orders of their superiors. Like the teachers, they are immersed in a situation they did not design, in a system with morally reprehensible results. (Obviously, the results of a concentration camp are incomparably worse than even the most flawed school system.)
In this situation, I'd wager that most of us would maintain that the soldiers had some responsibility and, at the very least, some of the blame. That is, we do not simply blame the system, but blame the individuals who took part in it. The whole situation is so totally, fundamentally, indisputably unacceptable that there are no extenuating circumstances, no deferment of guilt.
Now, there is obviously a very big difference between a system that is (ostensibly at least) designed to reduce inequality and provide education, and a system that is designed to kill people by the thousands and millions. As a result, in both of these situations, the moral verdict seems relatively clear: the noble aims of the first system excuse its flaws, while the horrid aims of the second system condemn its participants.
The problem, for most of us, is that we so often find ourselves in between these two extremes (although, admittedly closer to the case of teachers than Nazi soldiers, I hope). But where exactly do we draw the line? Where does our responsibility—as participants in a system—begin? And in what circumstances are we morally excused by being immersed in a flawed system?
The more I think about it, the more I am led to the conclusion that being alive requires some ethical compromise. In this regard, I often think of something Joseph Campbell said: "You yourself are participating in the evil, or you are not alive. Whatever you do is evil for somebody. This is one of the ironies of the whole creation."
And this quote, I think, is where I have to stop for now, since it brings me to another Quotes & Commentary.
By Roy Lotzin Quotes and Commentary March 26, 2017 April 17, 2017 1,116 Words2 Comments
We have become too civilised to grasp the obvious. For the truth is very simple. To survive you often have to fight, and to fight you have to dirty yourself. War is evil, and it is often the lesser evil.
What is the right thing to do in morally compromising circumstances? What should you do when, for example, you're working for a company whose business practices you find exploitative? What if you're working in a school system that embodies an educational philosophy you think is false or harmful?
Or consider the situation Orwell describes: When you are forced to choose between fighting in a war or capitulating to fascists?
This is a dreadful choice to make. On the one hand, fascism is ethically intolerable, and allowing fascism to conquer means allowing injustice to reign and persecution to run rampant. But to stop fascism means having to fight; and fighting means getting your hands dirty. "Getting your hands dirty" is, of course, a euphemism for all of the morally compromising actions that war entails. You will have to kill strangers, violently and indiscriminately; and in modern warfare the death of innocent civilians is inevitable, considering the weapons we use.
It is one question (which I don't intend to address here) whether the so-called "collateral damage" of a conflict justifies the war. It is another whether the moral damage of participating in warfare compensates for the moral benefit of defeating an enemy. To use religious language for a moment, my question is this: Does inflicting violence for a good cause imperil your soul? Does the justice outweigh the sin?
Orwell thought the answer was yes, and he lived his principles. He fought passionately, both in word and action, against fascism, even taking up arms in the Spanish Civil War. To pick another notable example, Malcolm X also agreed that violent means were justified when used against violent tyranny. If white people were going to violently oppress black people in America, then why shouldn't black people fight back with any means necessary? Indeed, I think most people nowadays would agree that violence is sometimes justified by the outcome. Despite all the atrocities of the Second World War, fighting against the Nazis was morally preferable to letting them win.
On the other side of this debate are people like Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and James Baldwin. The justification for pacifism is that violence corrupts, both the victim and the attacker. By committing violence, even in the service of a noble cause, we degrade ourselves.
This argument sounds religious, and it often is; but you can make this same argument from a secular perspective. James Baldwin, a man totally disillusioned with Christianity, was nevertheless a pacifist, because he thought violence, injustice, and oppression corrupts its agents. Baldwin thought this because the purveyors of violent oppression must create comforting myths for themselves so they don't have to face their own immorality; and this leads to a disconnect from reality and an inauthentic life.
For my part, the risk with using unethical means for ethical ends is that it forces you to make exceptions in your moral code. You must create an inconsistency in your standards of right and wrong, and this may lead to a slippery slope. In other words, if you make a special rule to use violence against one type of person, this creates a risk that the rule can be abused.
For one, if you decide that violence is allowable against one special class of person—fascist soldiers, let's say—this leads to the difficulty of determining whether any specific person falls into this class. If you make a mistake, you will commit violence to an innocent person. And it is clear that this rule can be abused (and certainly was during the Spanish Civil War), for example, by anyone who has a score to settle, through a false accusation or other forms of foul play.
The other risk is that, by creating one category of allowable violence, you set a damaging precedent. In the future, perhaps the category is expanded, or other categories of allowable violence are created, citing the first one for authority. In other words, you may unintentionally open the door for unscrupulous people, who wish to cloak their violence in legitimacy rather than use violence to accomplish a noble end.
I am not willing, for the moment, to assert that either Orwell or Baldwin are definitely right (although I admit I'm inclined to pacifism, if only because I'm cowardly). The "right" answer seems to depend heavily on the particular circumstances.
Thankfully, most of us will not have to decide whether to use violence against injustice. But by virtue of living in a society, we will certainly have to make many other, far less dramatic decisions about the right thing to do when given only undesirable options.
This question came to the fore during the 2016 elections, particularly among fans of Bernie Sanders. Many Bernie fans believed that both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump were morally corrupt, and they were not content to vote for the "lesser of two evils." Now, in the case of Clinton and Trump, it seemed clear to me that Trump was incomparably worse than Clinton, so the choice wasn't so hard. But in a general sense this question is certainly worth considering.
When faced with two unethical options, there is always a third option: don't choose. That is, withdraw and refuse to participate. More generally, when you find yourself in a morally compromising environment, you can either attempt to navigate the environment in the least immoral way possible, or remove yourself from the environment.
Let me be a little more concrete. Imagine you are working in a business whose practices you disapprove of. Maybe you think the business exploits its workers—paying a low salary, with few benefits, and asking employees to work long hours—or maybe the business is selling a product under false pretenses, effectively fooling its customers.
Consider the latter case. To be even more concrete, imagine that you're a salesperson selling a product you know is poor-quality. Your salary and your job security depend directly on how many units you sell. You have no way to improve the product. To sell it requires, if not lying, at least that you omit information—that is, that you fail to mention that the product is shoddy.
Maybe you're first reaction is to say that the moral thing to do is to quit. If there is no moral way to do the job, then you shouldn't do it, right? However, if you quit, do you really improve the world? The business will hire somebody else to replace you, perhaps somebody with less scruples, and the moral balance sheet of the universe will be unaffected. Indeed, by quitting, you inflicted harm on yourself by depriving yourself of the salary. And in that case is quitting the least moral thing to do?
This, I think, is the problem with morally compromising systems. By refusing to participate, all you do is damage yourself while allowing others to fill the same unethical role that you resigned.
True, you do have the option, in the example above, to try to create a movement against the business, to spread the knowledge that its products are shoddy (although this may be legally culpable if you signed a non-release form). Even so, when you think about it, the fundamental problem isn't really that one business is selling a poor-quality product. The problem is that businesses can thrive by stretching the truth to sell products. (Or is the problem that consumers are not sufficiently well-informed? Where exactly does the business's responsibility end and the consumer's begin?)
Again, I'm unwilling, at least for now, to give a general prescription for conundrums like these. And yet the question cannot be put off. Life is one morally-compromising situation after another. How can we balance the need to look out for ourselves with the desire to harm as few people as possible?
By Roy Lotzin Quotes and Commentary March 24, 2017 April 17, 2017 1,354 Words1 Comment
Review: Bleak House
Bleak House by Charles Dickens
Call it by any name Your Highness will, attribute it to whom you will, or say it might have been prevented how you will, it is the same death eternally—inborn, inbred, engendered in the corrupted humours of the vicious body itself, and that only—Spontaneous Combustion, and none other of all the deaths that can be died.
For better or for worse, I read this novel through the lens of two critics: Harold Bloom and George Orwell.
In The Western Canon, Bloom calls Bleak House Dickens's finest achievements; and he considers the novel to be among the central novels in the titular canon. This opinion is based, in part, on Esther Summerson's narrative (which comprises half of the book; the other half is told from an omniscient narrator).
Bloom agrees with the conventional opinion that Dickens's modus operandi is to create static and cartoonish characters, far removed from the constantly changing and evolving characters of, say, Tolstoy or Shakespeare. But in Esther, Bloom thought Dickens had transcended his art: he had created a genuinely Shakespearean self, a narrator who could overhear her own narration, and who engaged in a constant dialogue with herself—a mercurial and growing consciousness.
This opinion is far from popular. I'm not sure I agree with it; certainly she doesn't strike me as "Shakespearean," and she would not be at home in any of Tolstoy's works. Unlike a Shakespearean or a Tolstoyan character, it is difficult to see myself in her. This isn't just me. Esther has irked critics from the beginning. She is too good for her own good. She is passive, forgiving, unconditionally loving, self-negating, dutiful, hardworking, dreadfully kind, painfully virtuous, devoid of malice, thankful to a fault—someone who lives exclusively for others. It's hard to like her, because it's so hard to identify with somebody like that, and such a selfless ideal of feminine behavior strikes us nowadays as both sexist and untenable.
And yet, for me, she is ultimately sympathetic, at least from a distance. I think this is due to her resilience. Her childhood as an orphan is harsh and loveless; she is so thirsty for affection that every slight kindness reduces her to tears. As she grows, she is formed by an ethos of feminine subservience and duty, modesty and virtue, an ethos which she embodies as perfectly as possible.
In Esther, however, this is not a sign of passivity and weakness, but of independence and strength. She does not let the world, so often cruel and unfair, make her spiteful; she does not become bitter and resentful from the blows of misfortune. She is determined to be happy; and she realizes that happiness cannot be achieved through selfishness, but requires generosity, forgiveness, and identifying oneself with others. She realizes, in short, that selflessness is the wisest and best form of selfishness, since it leads to the greatest fulfillment.
Nevertheless, I should immediately add that this ethical ideal is so tinged by Dickens's patriarchal worldview and sickly sweet sentimentality that Esther becomes more of a fairytale heroine than a religious figure. It is hard to admire her, since she is so painfully self-effacing; it is hard to imagine being her friend, since she always puts others above herself, and friendship is based on equality. She is independent and strong, but only in the context of a world where women are expected to be passive to the point of invisibility.
On second thought, perhaps it is wrong to attribute this irksome self-sacrificing nature purely to sexism; for Dickens also gives us a masculine embodiment of this virtue in the form of Mr. Jarndyce. Jarndyce is almost equally self-sacrificing and self-effacing; his one selfish act is his marriage proposal to Esther, which he eventually retracts; everything else he does for the good of his kith and kin. Granted, he is far more active than Esther, being the masculine patriarch; but this activity is oriented exclusively to the good of others.
All this notwithstanding, I found Jarndyce far less sympathetic than Esther, because his personality is nothing but a benign vacuum. A person—at least for me—is partly defined by what he or she wants; and someone who only wants what other people want is not a person, but a kindly automaton. With Esther, selflessness is made to seem, if not desirable, at least viable; but with Jardynce it is neither. He is palpably a figure of the infantile imagination, a kind of idealized father, protective, caring, loving, and in the end such a fantasy that he vanishes altogether into a ray of sunlight.
Esther's foil is Mrs. Jellyby. She is a picture of selfish selflessness. Mrs. Jellyby abuses her family, neglects her children, and ignores her husband, subordinating everything to her plans for a small tribe in Africa. On the surface, she is an immensely charitable person, living purely for the sake of this tribe. Her "charity," however, is manifestly an implement of extreme egoism, reducing everyone else in her house to servants and assistants, directing all attention to herself and her own seeming goodness. She talks incessantly about helping others but never actually does.
In his essay on Dickens, Orwell divides up do-gooders into moralists and reformers. Moralists try to improve people's behavior and values, and see society's ills as flowing from personal failings. Reformers take the opposite view; they try to improve the structure of society, seeing individual moral failings as products rather than causes of social ills. Dickens is a classic moralist, and Mrs. Jellyby is his portrait of a misguided reformer.
For Dickens, all goodness is personal—flowing from one individual to another—while reformers, like Mrs. Jellyby, mistakenly believe that goodness is impersonal, which is why she concerns herself with the lives of people she has never met. She cannot make society better because she herself is full of vices; while Esther improves society without even trying, by her every virtuous action and her inspiring example.
Again, it must immediately be said that Dickens's portrayal of Mrs. Jellyby is also tinged with sexism. Aside from a rash reformer, Mrs. Jellyby is a meddling woman—a woman who thinks she can be a man, a woman who doesn't know her place, a woman who fails to be a wife and a mother. It is impossible to imagine Dickens using the same tone with a male character. This sexism is something to keep in mind, of course; but it does not, for me, negate his wider point about charity and goodness.
Perhaps Orwell's best insight into Dickens is this: "The outstanding, unmistakable mark of Dickens's writing is the unnecessary detail." This novel is long; it is unnecessarily long. For the first four hundred or so pages, it seems to be still trying to get going; the plot clanks and clunks into motion like an old steam engine. A partial explanation for this is that the book was at first a serial, the 19th century equivalent of a sitcom, spinning out plots and subplots to fill episodes and seasons, entertaining its readers piecemeal. But it is also due to Dickens's perspective. He sees life always in the concrete, never in the abstract, and with a vividness of vision and a relish for daily life that fill his novels with energy and color. The plot serves the detail rather than the reverse; the story is just a conveyance for brilliant particulars.
Many things irked me about this book. Dickens's sentimentality is often nauseating and sometimes comes across a cheap trick, like the overwrought string music playing in the background of a bad soap opera. The transition from an omniscient narrator to Esther's narration was a brilliant device, but also made the book a bit difficult for me to follow, and easy to put down. Dickens's characters are always exciting, but his descriptive language can be soporific. He has a tendency to let himself get carried away into prose poetry, all written in the passive voice. Occasionally, these are masterful, such as the famous beginning paragraphs of this novel; but just as often they make me drowsy.
What is miraculous about Dickens is that his books are so apparently simple and straightforward, and yet they can be endlessly analyzed. Perhaps this is because he effortlessly combines so many contradictory elements: social realism with imaginative fancy, sentimental prettiness with grotesque horror, moral preaching with biting satire, advocacy with art, propaganda with poetry. Dickens's flaws leap to the eye—his inability to create three-dimensional characters, his lack of intellectual curiosity, his superficial view of the world, his inability to appreciate the sublime, his clumsy plots, his mountains of petty details, his soporific prose style—and yet his appeal is nearly universal. That the same writer could entrance both Harold Bloom, the enemy of political art, and George Orwell, the champion of political art, is a sign of his genius. And in the end, when faced with somebody as universal and powerful as Dickens, all analysis can do is reveal the limitations of its method.
By Roy Lotzin Books, Fiction & Literature, Reviews March 3, 2017 1,534 Words1 Comment
Review: Orwell's Essays
A Collection of Essays by George Orwell
What I have most wanted to do throughout the past ten years is to make political writing into an art.
George Orwell is one of the inescapable writers of the last century. Far from becoming irrelevant, his works seem to become more significant with each passing year (as most recently evidenced by the present administration's strained relationship with the truth). Orwell himself said that the "final test of any work of art is survival," and his works seem on track to pass this final test. His dystopian novel recently became a surprise best-seller, almost seventy years after its initial publication. That is more than mere survival.
And yet it isn't for his political insights that I opened this collection of essays. It was rather—and I feel somewhat silly saying this—for his writing style. Orwell's writing is, for me, a model of modern prose. His style can accommodate both the abstract and the concrete, the homely and the refined, the pretentious and the vulgar; his prose can satisfy both the academic and the artist, the intellectual and the layperson, the Panurge and the parish priest. It is unmistakably modern, even sleek, while obviously informed by the tastes and standards of the past. It is fiery, angry, and political, while remaining intimate, human, and honest.
Something that repeatedly struck me while reading this collection was an inner conflict in Orwell's worldview. There are two sides of the man, sometimes in harmony, and sometimes at odds: the writer and the activist. Orwell the writer is captivated by the rhythms of words, the sounds of sentences; he loves ruminating on a strange personality or a memorable story; he is enchanted by the details of daily life. Orwell the activist is outraged at injustice and uncompromising in his moral sense; he sees people as a collection of allies and enemies, taking part in a grand struggle to bring about a better society.
Orwell himself discusses this tension in his little essay, "Why I Write." In a more peaceful age, he thinks, he could have been an entirely aesthetic writer, perhaps a poet, not paying much attention to politics. It was his firsthand experience of imperialism, poverty, and fascism that activated his political conscience. Specifically, it was the Spanish Civil War that "tipped the scale" for him: "Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism."
Be that as it may, Orwell seems to have repeatedly struggled to reconcile this aim with his more humanistic side. In his brilliant essay on Dickens, for example, he spends page after page trying to analyze Dickens as a kind of social philosopher, examining Dickens's views on work, on the state, on education, and so on. Since Dickens was anything but a philosopher—as Orwell himself admits—this repeatedly leads to frustrating dead ends, and fails completely to do justice to Dickens's work. It is only in the last section, where Orwell drops this pretense and treats Dickens as a novelist, that the essay becomes deeply insightful. Indeed, it soon becomes clear—it seems clear to me, at least—that Orwell likes Dickens for his writing, and not his activism, however much he may wish to think otherwise.
Other essays exhibit this same tension. In his essay on vulgar postcard art, for example, he notes how backward is the social worldview expressed in the cards; but he is obviously quite fond of them and even ventures to defend them by likening their humor to Sancho Panza's. His essay on boy's magazines follows an identical pattern, exposing their conservative ideology while betraying a keen interest, even a warm fondness, for the stories. In his appreciative essay on Rudyard Kipling's poems, he even goes so far as to defend Kipling's political views, at least from accusations of fascism.
It is largely due to Orwell's influence, I think, that nowadays it is uncontroversial to see the political implications in a movie cast or a Halloween costume. In all of these essays, Orwell worked to undermine the naïve distinction between politics and everyday life, showing how we absorb messages about standards, values, and ideologies from every direction. He did not merely state that "All art is propaganda," but he tried to show it, both in his analyses and his own works. At least half the time, he is utterly convincing in this. (And indeed, Orwell was such a brilliant man that, even when I think he's involved in a pointless exercise, he makes so many penetrating observations along the way— incidentally, parenthetically—that his writing fully absorbs me. )
We owe a tremendous debt to Orwell for this insight. Nevertheless, I can't help thinking that there is something terribly limiting about this perspective. All art may be propaganda, but it is not only propaganda; it is not even primarily so. There needs to be room in criticism, as in life, for the non-political. We need to be able to enjoy a novelist because of his characters and not his views on the state, a poet for his lines rather than his opinions, a dirty joke or a trashy magazine just because we want a laugh and a break. Orwell would agree with me up to a point, I think, but would also say that every decision to be "non-political" implicitly accepts the status quo, and is therefore conservative. This may be true; but it is also true that such "non-political" things are necessary to live a full life.
Where I most disagree with Orwell is his conviction that the media we consume—magazines, post cards, popular novels, television—nefariously and decisively shape our worldview. For my part, I suspect that people absorb their opinions more from their community, face-to-face, and then seek out media that corresponds with their pre-existing views: not the reverse. Media may reinforce these views and give them shape and drive, but I don't think it generates them.
All this is besides the point. I admire Orwell, for his fierce independence, for his sense of outrage and injustice, for his facility with words, for his attempt to blend art and truth. In sum, I admire both the writer and the activist, and I think his work should be read until judgment day.
By Roy Lotzin Art, Books, Miscellaneous, Politics, Reviews February 19, 2017 February 19, 2017 1,074 Words1 Comment
Quotes & Commentary #41: Emerson
It is impossible to extricate oneself from the questions in which our age is involved. You can no more keep out of politics than out of the frost.
I suppose Emerson wrote this at a time when insulation was far less robust, since nowadays it is perfectly possible to keep out of the frost. Or perhaps he meant that the only way to keep out of politics was to shut oneself up like a hermit. In any case, though the comparison has aged, the sentiment certainly has not.
Lately I have been reading some of Orwell's essays, which called this quote to mind. It was Orwell's essay on Dickens—in which he utters his famous dictum, "All art is propaganda"—that specifically made me think of Emerson.
Is it really true that all art contains political preaching? Is it true that it is impossible to extricate oneself from controversial questions?
To these answers I would give a qualified "yes." I do not think it possible to create art that is politically neutral, since our thoughts about personality, philosophy, nationality, morality, sexuality, human nature, society, and so forth, all have political ramifications, even if the author has not thought through these ramifications. Every artistic choice—the characters, the setting, the plot—carries ideological baggage, even if this baggage is unintended.
Even if we attempted to create "art for art's sake"—purely formal art, devoid of any identifiable content—this, too, would have political consequences, since it takes a stance, a very particular stance, on the role of art and the artist in society.
Before I go on, I will try to define what I mean by "politics." To me, politics is the struggle between demographic groups for resources and power. Politics isn't politics without controversy, since it necessarily involves a zero-sum game. This controversy is typically carried on in highly charged, stringently moral language; but the fundamental motive that animates political struggle is self-interest.
Where I disagree is that I think the political content of art is usually uninteresting, and plays little role in the art's quality. There is no contradiction in saying that a great novel may embody backwards political principles, or noting that a movie that champions progressive values may be boring and amateurish.
Dante's Divine Comedy, for example, it stuffed to the brim with the politics of his age; and these political passages are, in my opinion, inevitably the weakest and most tiresome of the poem. The Divine Comedy is great in spite of, not because of, its politics. Likewise, the political implications of Milton's Paradise Lost are chiefly of historical interest, and for me neither add to nor subtract from the poem's artistic force. Nothing ages faster than politics, since politics is always embroiled in transitory struggles between factions.
Orwell's essay itself, ironically enough, also illustrates the limitations of seeing art as propaganda. Orwell attempts to treat Dickens as a sort of social philosopher—trying to furrow out Dickens views on the state, on the economy, on education, on the good life—only to repeatedly hit a wall. Dickens was not a reformer, and not a revolutionary; he was, if anything, a moralist, as Orwell himself admits. But above all Dickens was a novelist, something that should not need pointing out. His books are far more interesting as novels than as sermons.
Do not mistake my meaning. I am not arguing for "art for art's sake." Some art cannot be properly appreciated without noting its political message. I am, however, arguing that the political implications of a work of art do not exhaust its meaning, nor do they even constitute its most valuable meaning.
The aesthetic is as valid a category as the political and the moral. And by categorizing something as "art," we implicitly acknowledge that its aesthetic qualities are its most important traits, and determine its ultimate value. Even if we insist otherwise, the very fact that we differentiate between polemical cartoons and portraits, between political pamphlets and plays, between national anthems and symphonies, belies the fact that we consider art a special category.
How anyone chooses to interpret a piece of art is, of course, up to them. Great art is distinguished by its ability to inspire nearly infinite reactions. But I do believe that every interpretation, if it wishes to respect the work in question, ought to increase our appreciation of it, or at least to try.
When somebody reads a novel solely for its political content, and then evaluates it solely on the extent to which it agrees or disagrees with the interpreter's beliefs, the work of art is turned into a mere weapon of political struggle. In other words, to treat art merely as propaganda is not to respect it as art.
I have heard many movies and television shows denounced for their political implications; nowadays there are endless controversies about representation in media. Now, I believe the question of interpretation is undoubtedly important. But to condemn or champion works of art purely on this criterion is, I think, just as narrow-minded as ignoring the question of representation altogether.
Art speaks in different languages to different people. This is its magic and its lasting value. And anybody who thinks that they unequivocally "know" the meaning of a work of art, and is so politically self-righteous that they think they can pronounce eternal judgement on its worth, is acting tyrannical, even if they are mouthing sentiments of egalitarianism.
Parenthetically, it is worth noting that this anxiety about representation and political values in art, so common nowadays, is grounded in a certain, tacit theory of human behavior. This is the belief that our media exerts a decisive influence over our values and actions. Indeed, I'm sure this proposition would hardly be regarded as controversial in some circles.
But isn't it equally possible that our media is just a reflection of our values and actions? And doesn't the very fact that people are often politically dissatisfied with their media prove that we are not under their control? For, if the influence of media were decisive over our political perspective, how could we ever be dissatisfied with it?
Artists and art critics tend to be intellectuals. Intellectuals are naturally prone to believing that humans are motivated by ideas, since that's what motivates intellectuals. Thus they can be expected to pay too much attention to art as a social force, and not enough to the other things that drive human behavior, like economic trends or political institutions, since art operates on the level of symbols.
And since much of our discourse is framed by intellectuals—people tend to become politically conscious in college, under the influence of professors—it seems likely that paying too much attention to the political power of art would be a pervasive error, which I believe it is.
By Roy Lotzin Quotes and Commentary January 7, 2017 December 5, 2017 1,154 WordsLeave a comment


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Home Science Biology Stress Takes A Toll On A Soldiers Brain
Stress Takes A Toll On A Soldiers Brain
May 6, 2013 at 1:30 PM PDT
It's well known that many soldiers coming back after a deployment aren't always the same person they were when they left.
The soldier may leave for deployment completely healthy both physically and mentally. Yet after exposure to combat, war, enemy fire, and seeing their fellow soldiers and civilians wounded or dead; The stress takes a toll on the brain. The stress a soldier undergoes during their time in combat affects their attention deficit and memory retention. After only one four month deployment their ability to stay focused decreases significantly. However, the good news is those effects tend to subside over time. This means shorter rotations and longer leaves between combat deployments may significantly benefit both combat performance and overall mental health and wellbeing of the soldier.
Research on the matter was done at the University of Amsterdam by Professor Guido van Wingen. He conducted brain scans of soldiers about to deploy and those still in training. The soldiers preformed lab tests that consisted of memory simulations requiring the subject to retain specific numbers in their mind. There was no difference in all 33 soldiers about to be deployed and the 26 still in training. The same was true for similar concentration tests.
However, this all changed once the soldiers experienced combat. Those soldiers who came back from combat were retested. The same memory retention tests were performed after combat. The results showed lower midbrain activity, a region of the brain involved in working memory. The impacts didn't stop there, the midbrain tissues connected to the prefrontal cortex showed signs of damage and weakened connections. This sort of change has an effect on both the working memory and attention of a human being.
The soldiers showed signs of attention deficit challenges when required to quickly and accurately identify groups of dots.
Soldiers made more errors and these errors corresponded with brain scans. The greater the brain change during combat, the worse the soldier's performance was.
Fortunately the effects on the brain weren't shown to be permanent. A year and a half after these tests were performed, the soldiers were not redeployed and were subsequently retested. All but one subject's results reverted back to what they originally were before deployment. "The brain was able to recover from the adverse effects of stress," van Wingen said.
The synaptic strength between the midbrain and prefrontal cortex, however, did not revert to their original values. It's not entirely clear what this means, though it's speculated that it may render a person more susceptible to future stressors. Thus increasing the likely-hood of reversion to poor attention deficit and memory retention.
In summary, the findings of Dr. Guido van Wingen indicate that shorter deployments and more frequent rotations along with increased leave for soldiers could help the brain recover from the stresses of combat. This could lead to a more productive military with less incidence of stress induced illnesses. These studies warrant further investigation and you may rest assured we will be following them at SciFighting.
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Seniors and all students! If you need to request your final transcript please do so AFTER JUNE 1ST – Requests made before this date will not include your semester 2 credits.
Submit your request online at McNary High School website. See our registrar, across from the athletic secretary, should you have any questions.


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Constructing the Medical Voice: How doctors-in-training engage with communication challenges-a grounded theory of adapting
O'Callaghan, Anne
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/2292/29939
Degree Name: PhD
Degree Grantor: The University of Auckland
Rights: Copyright: The author
Rights (URI): https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm
Introduction This study addresses the gap in understanding how doctors-in-training learn to communicate in the real-world learning environment of the hospital. The purpose was to develop explanatory theory in relation to the research question: How do doctors-in-training engage with communication challenges in the hospital environment? Despite the increase in communication skills training in undergraduate medical curricula, complaints about communication in healthcare remain high. Understanding why undergraduate communication skills training may not transfer into the hospital environment is critical for improving communication related outcomes. Research Design The research design incorporates a constructivist grounded theory methodology embedded in a social constructionist framework. Sampling was purposive and theoretical, resulting in four focus group interviews with medical students and fifteen individual interviews with doctors and nurses. Data generation and analysis were concurrent and consisted of initial and focused coding; constant comparative analysis, using inductive and abductive logic; theoretical sensitivity; theoretical integration; and theoretical saturation. Memoing and reflexivity were integral throughout. Findings The research resulted in a grounded theory constructing the medical voice: Doctors engage with communication challenges by using a medical voice that is constructed through the process of adapting to the relational landscape of the team. The relational landscape provides the conditions under which voice is constructed. The medical voice is continually emergent, re-constructed and contingent upon the team environment. The core category of adapting has three categories: reading the cues, learning the rules and constructing voice. The voices that can be constructed vary according to whether the relational landscape is engaging, good enough, undermining or disabling. Conclusion This research has resulted in a theory of voice construction in the substantive area of medical communication in hospitals. The theory explains why undergraduate communication skills training may not transfer effectively into the postgraduate hospital environment. It highlights the significance of the relational aspects of everyday team interactions and the powerful way in which these influence the voice that individual doctors can use within a particular team. The theory offers new opportunities to effect change in how doctors communicate in hospital practice, with implications for future research, education and organisational change.
Name: whole.pdf
Doctoral Theses [5246]


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Mitsubishi: Innovation Through the Years
Mitsubishi: Innovation Through the Years | Sansone Jr's 66 Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi has lead the car industry, encompassing the very definition of innovation, creativity, and consistency. Since its first foray into car manufacturing in 1917, Mitsubishi has been consistently delivering top quality products, breaking world records, winning top-notch races, and showcasing outstanding technology that has boosted the car industry into what it is today. Many of the features on today's cars, especially when it comes to gas-injected engines, electric cars, and the well-known Traction Control System have been pioneered by Mitsubishi and created by their team of brilliant minds. Here are a few notable innovative moves that Mitsubishi has made over the last 100 years:
1917 - Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co., LTD. introduced its very first car. Mitsubishi Model-A. (designed as a luxury vehicle for government officials), first mass-produced car in Japanese history.
1962 - Mitsubishi Motors win its first entry in an international motorsports event, setting a track record. (Mitsubishi 500, the first car to be aerodynamically tested in a wind tunnel in Japan.
1970 - Mitsubishi Motors is the first automaker to mass market an electric vehicle.
1971 - Mitsubishi sells its first car in America, remarked as the Dodge Colt.
1976 - Mitsubishi Motors develops the breakthrough Silent Shaft Engine Technology and licenses it to Porsche, Saab, and Fiat.
1980 - Mitsubishi engineers the world's first energy-saving Turbo Diesel engine with Silent Shaft Technology.
1982 - Mitsubishi is introduced to America with the launches of the Tredia, Cordia, and the Starion models.
1987 - The Galant VR-4 is the world's first vehicle to feature an Active Electronically Controlled Suspension, and receives the Car of the Year award in Japan.
1990 - Designs the world's first electronically-controlled Traction Control System, which is now legally required as a safety feature in many countries, including the United States.
1992 - Japan Car Research names Mitsubishi's INVEC System, which adapts to a person's driving habits, Adaptive Control Technology of the Year.
1992 - Introduces MIVEC technology, which maintains engine performance while maximizing fuel efficiency.
1996 - Mitsubishi launches the world's first Gasoline Direct Injection.
2005 - The newly launched Outlander becomes the world's first compact SUV to offer the environmentally friendly PZEV V6 Engine, affirming Mitsubishi's commitment to green technology.
2009 - Following 40 years of development, the i-MiEV, innovative Electric Vehicle is launched worldwide.
2013 - Releasing the Outlander PHEV, the world's first Plug-In Hybrid SUV, Mitsubishi wins Car of the Year's Innovation Award in Japan.
The facts simply speak for themselves. Don't you see a trend? Us too. Be sure to stop by Sansone Jr's 66 Mitsubishi and test drive the brand new Mitsubishi models and feel the legacy continue as you drive home in your new Mitsubishi. Sansone Jr's 66 Mitsubishi is located in Neptune City, NJ, so stop on by and discover the beauty of Mitsubishi.
Source: Mitsubishi
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An Official Publication of the Indian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologists
Universal pro forma for the oral potentially malignant disorders: Need of the hour
Rajiv S Desai
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Date of Submission 28-Jul-2021
Date of Acceptance 30-Nov-2021
Date of Web Publication 11-Jan-2022
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_257_21
Desai RS. Universal pro forma for the oral potentially malignant disorders: Need of the hour. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021;25:509-10
Desai RS. Universal pro forma for the oral potentially malignant disorders: Need of the hour. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol [serial online] 2021 [cited 2022 Jan 17];25:509-10. Available from: https://www.jomfp.in/text.asp?2021/25/3/509/335519
In medical practice, pro forma provides the clinician with a single-source reference document for assessing their patients. It also allows for improved communication between and within dental and medical specialties for clinical as well as research purposes in their routine practice.
Structured pro formas are available for reporting various malignancies such as carcinoma of the oral cavity and tumors of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction by the American Joint Committee on Cancer.[1] However, pro forma is not presently available for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).
OPMDs include diverse group of lesions and conditions that affect the oral mucosa with an increased risk of malignancy.[2] The lack of uniformity in the description of various OPMDs is found to be a major obstacle in pooling and comparing the results of OPMDs. We assume that most of our colleagues worldwide are also probably facing similar problems for treating OPMDs. Because the current levels of scientific support for OPMDs diagnostic procedures are low as well as highly variable, the demand for a standardized pro forma for OPMDs is the need of the hour. It would be ideal for experts and researchers in the field of OPMDs to take active interest and provide the evidence which is also needed to refine and improve the documentation of OPMDs for the benefit of researchers, clinicians, and patients. Moreover, universal standardized pro forma for OPMDs will try to fill in the gaps between clinicians and pathologists among various studies allowing a more thorough comparison of their findings.
The diagnostic criteria should be received from the best available knowledge. Validated criteria should be used if available and if absent, criteria should be formulated by the specialists from the working group on OPMDs and supplemented with the comment that data-driven criteria are so far lacking, and there is thus a need for focused research. Given that universally accepted OPMDs, pro forma is not yet developed, and it is expected that there are instances in which criteria are not perfectly defined and nomenclature will be less than ideal, which will be a significant limitation; however, the beginning should be made in this direction. It is expected that refinements are made with each version of the blueprint. Therefore, we need to use it, test it, and discuss it in academic (dental schools and postgraduate programs) as well as clinical settings. Problems need to be identified and suggestions developed through researches. The creation of standardized approach for the treatment of OPMDs could be possible after validation of such universally accepted pro forma developed by researchers and experts in the field of OPMDs.
I hope my views will generate healthy discussion among readers to come out with useful suggestions.
Ridge JA, Lydiatt WM, Patel SG. Head and neck. In: Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL., editors. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. Chicago, IL: Springer; 2017. p. 79-94.
Warnakulasuriya S. Oral potentially malignant disorders: A comprehensive review on clinical aspects and management. Oral Oncol 2020;102:104550.
Desai RS
Article in PDF (426 KB)
© Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 15th Aug, 2007


Jet Spray Nozzle, Adjustable, 3AN 90° Discharge, Requires Jets - Designed to be used as independent nozzles for nitrous and fuel where installation restrictions might make the Fogger Nozzle impractical. For example, the hidden under-the-manifold direct port nitrous system utilizes Jet Spray nozzles due to room restrictions. Jet Spray nozzles have a fixed metering orifice and spray at either straight or 90° angles depending on your needs.


Hèctor Parra, born in Barcelona 1976, studied at the Conservatorium of Music in Barcelona, where he was awarded prizes with distinction in Composition, Piano and Harmony. Master in Composition awarded by the University of Paris VIII, annual course in Composition at Ircam and post-graduate courses at the CNSMD Lyon. He has been Professor of Electroacoustic Composition at the Conservatorium of Aragon, Spain (2005-2011), Professor of the Manuel de Falla Composition Course 2010 in Cádiz (Andalucia), and has taught composition at the Academy Voix Nouvelles 2011 of Fondation Royaumont. He lives in Paris since 2002.
After graduating from Aichi Prefectural University of Fine Arts and Music, Yoko Suzuki studied composition at the École Normale de Musique in Paris. She studied composition with Yoshihisa Taira, Tristan Murail, Yuushi Kaneda, Michio Kitazume, Tomoyuki Hisadome, and Jo Kondo. Since 2010, Suzuki has been having her music performed in public. In May and November 2010 she presented new works at concerts organized by the Kansai Gendai Ongaku Koryu Kyokai. She is currently a member of the Kansai Gendai Ongaku Koryu Kyokai.


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if you have lingering sorrow, pain, fear and shame….
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Tonglen Compassion Groups: Once a month small group meetings for follow up work to Tonglen Healing Practice sessions.
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Pilgrimages & Retreats: Spiritual work in combination with Tonglen Therapy at identified sites.
Teachings and Workshops: Educational and practical workshops to continue development of compassion toward self and others.
Presentations: Lyndall and Charisse will explain the theory and practice of this powerful practice.
Tonglen Consultation Groups: Therapeutic professionals meet one time per month to develop Tonglen practice to be used for self and in their practice.
If you would like to schedule an appointment, or have further questions, please review our forms and contact us.


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WikiLeaks says Senate Intelligence Committee has asked Julian Assange to testify in Russia investigation
By Chris Sommerfeldt
Julian Assange has been living in exile at the Ecuadoran Embassy in London since 2012. (Jack Taylor / Getty Images)
Julian Assange may be ready to break his silence.
The Senate Intelligence Committee asked Assange this month to testify in its investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election — and the elusive anti-secrecy activist is "considering" the request, WikiLeaks said Wednesday.
"WikiLeaks' legal team say they are 'considering the offer but the conditions must conform to a high ethical standard,' " WikiLeaks tweeted from its official account along with a photocopy of a letter from the committee dated Aug. 1 and marked "sensitive."
"The Committee requests that you make yourself available for a closed interview with bipartisan Committee staff at a mutually agreeable time and location," states the letter, which is signed by the committee's vice chairman, Sen. Mark Warner (D-Va.), and its chairman, Sen. Richard Burr (R-N.C.).
Spokesmen for both lawmakers declined to comment.
[More Politics] Nadler demands Hope Hicks clarify 'inconsistencies' in her testimony on Stormy Daniels payoff, threatens 'serious consequences' »
Assange's testimony could prove explosive, since his organization published troves of stolen emails from the Democratic National Committee and Hillary Clinton's campaign at the height of the 2016 presidential race. The U.S. intelligence community has unanimously concluded that Russian operatives disseminated the emails to WikiLeaks as part of the Kremlin's multifaceted effort to boost President Trump's campaign and disparage Clinton.
Sens. Richard Burr (R-N.C.). left. and Mark Warner (D-Va.), right, signed the letter dated Aug. 1. (Getty Images)
Assange, 47, who has lived in exile at the Ecuadoran Embassy in London since 2012, has consistently denied that the Russian government was the source for WikiLeaks' mass email dump.
Randy Credico, a New York radio host who has interviewed Assange several times and allegedly served as an "intermediary" between him and longtime Trump adviser Roger Stone, said the WikiLeaks founder would agree to testify as long as authorities promise they won't prosecute him over his organization's release of highly classified U.S. intelligence.
"He's always said that he would testify but it has to be something where he could feel safe," Credico told the Daily News on Wednesday afternoon. "I'm sure he'd do it in a minute if they were to drop charges against him or give him a pardon."
Assange previously entertained the idea of inviting U.S. lawmakers to interview him at the embassy in London, but Credico said it could do him good to get out of there.
"I was there in November," Credico said. "He definitely needs to get a checkup with a doctor. He wasn't well when I was there. He has not been able to seek medical treatment for six years. It's a very small, cramped space, and being totally confined to that, it's not good for your psyche."
The Senate Intelligence Committee has probed Russian election meddling for more than a year and reaffirmed the intelligence community's assessment last month that Russia launched an influence campaign in 2016, "the consistent goals of which were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process" and harm Clinton's chances while developing a "clear preference" for Trump.
[More Politics] Ex-Virginia governor rips state Sen. Gianaris over Amazon's NYC pullout: 'I don't know what the hell you were thinking' »
Meanwhile, special counsel Robert Mueller's separate investigation continues unabated. Mueller's probe, which Trump frequently blasts as a baseless "witch hunt," has secured at least 35 federal indictments, including guilty pleas from the President's former national security adviser Michael Flynn and a laundry list of charges against his ex-campaign chairman Paul Manafort.
Robert S. Mueller III
Nadler demands Hope Hicks clarify 'inconsistencies' in her testimony on Stormy Daniels payoff, threatens...


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Terrace Talk
Community Diary
Kerry Ladies Know Victory Today Will See Them Through To All Ireland Semi Final
radiokerrysport
Kerry can today qualify for the semi-final of the Ladies All Ireland Senior Football Championship.
They go up against Cork in Group 1 Round 2 at 3 o'clock in Tralee in a game which will be live on Radio Kerry.
Victory for the Kingdom would mean a place in the last 4.
Kerry joint manager Darragh Long
https://www.radiokerry.ie/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/DL-3.mp3
Jimmy Foley RIP
Interview With Former Kerry Captain
Evening Sports Update
radiokerrysport - 17th January 2021
The former Chairman of the Tralee Town Football Board has passed away.Jimmy Foley also served his club Kerins O'Rahillys for many a year.Pat McAuliffe...
Tommy Doyle captained Kerry to All-Ireland success when completing the 3-in-a-row in 1986.Little did he know at the time, that it would be the...
SOCCERThere's just over 15 minutes gone in the main Premier League game of the day.Liverpool have welcomed Manchester United to Anfield where it remains...
The Future of Tralee Courthouse – January 15th, 2021
Admin - 15th January 2021
Sinn Féin TD Pa Daly has received information from the Courts Service which indicates that agency doesn't want to refurbish the existing courthouse on...
Young and Old: Homes Fit for Us All – January 15th, 2021
Sue Shaw is the CEO of the Irish Senior Citizens' Parliament. She's reacting to the findings of a survey by Eurostat which shows that...
Gimme Shelter, NCT! – January 15th, 2021
Gerry O'Connor says he was waiting around an hour in wet, misty conditions on Wednesday evening while his car was being tested in the...
Radio Kerry your voice in the kingdom 96-98fm


There is usually a time in everyones life, however health conscious we are, and with the best will in the world, where we are presented with a compelling reason to take antibiotics. The decision to do this, can be a hard one, especially for those of us whose health is already compromised. It can be upsetting and disheartening when you have spent time and energy building up a healthy microbiome only to take antibiotics and feel like you are going back to square one.
Recently, on the night of my birthday, I felt a nagging pain in my top left molar. I wasn't too worried as I had felt this ache many times before. I would feel a dull ache from time to time, which although annoying, would stop as quickly as it had started. More often than not it would happen when I was under the weather and my immune system was low. This time however was different, by the middle of the night the niggleing ache had turned into a full blown toothache, which was both relentless and excruciating. By the next day I would have done anything to stop the pain. I quickly got an appointment with my dentist who confirmed that my nagging wisdom tooth had finally gone into full blown combat and that I was suffering from a nasty infection which would need a course of antibiotics.
This post is about what helped me. I want to focus on the optimal way to take antibiotics and, most importantly, how to recover from them so that they do as little damage as possible. Antibiotics have a time and a place, and although it is always a good idea to avoid them if you can, there are times in your life where an infection will make it necessary.
When they were first invented, antibiotics were heralded as the wonder drug of the day. They saved millions of lives and they still do to this day. Sadly, because of overuse and misinformation they have also had a hugely negative effect upon modern health. One of the most worrying things about antibiotics is how they have been allowed to systematically enter the food chain via modern-day livestock and husbandry practices. Many people fail to understand that antibiotics will only be effective against a bacterial infection, and are completely ineffectual if you have a virus, which has also lead to massive over prescription. This overuse of antibiotics has created super bugs, where once infections responded quickly, there are now strains of bacteria which have become antibiotic resistant. This irresponsible attitude has left much of the population with damaged gut flora and poor health.
The body is full of both good and bad bacteria. The good microbes are essential to our health and wellbeing. Not only do they help us digest our food but they are also responsible for synthesising vitamins and repelling pathogens. The main problem with taking antibiotics is that they do not distinguish between the good and the bad but kill indiscriminately, thus seriously compromising the health of our guts. This is why it is of primary importance to replace the good bacteria which have been lost after a course of antibiotics, so that a balance can be maintained between the bacteria and fungi in our digestive tract. This is especially important if you have taken a broad spectrum antibiotic. Opportunistic pathogens such as Candida can take advantage of the death of good bacteria and get into the digestive tract where it will quickly multiply, and in time take over the entire body causing both misery and havoc.
Finish the course, however tempting it is to stop when you feel better, not completing the course is more detrimental to your health in the long run.
Take your antibiotic at regular intervals so that they are well spaced apart.
You can take a quality probiotic, but make sure that you take this several hours apart from your antibiotic so that they don't cancel each other out.
To repopulate the remaining good bacteria in your colon and encourage them to multiply you will need Prebiotics, which are foods that act like fuel for healthy bacteria, nourishing them and providing insoluble fibre.
Prebiotics are often overlooked, but are in fact just as essential as probiotics in maintaining and restoring a healthy microbiome. They actually work synergistically together complementing each other for balanced health and wellbeing. One of the easiest ways to do this is to eat a large salad everyday with plenty of raw vegetables.
Avoid all processed sugar, including natural sweetners like honey, agave and maple syrup. Sugar will not only feed the Candida and the unfriendly bacteria, but also the pathogens that the antibiotics are trying to kill.
Drink bone broth, the minerals and gelatine released from the bones as they cook will help the body to heal, restoring the lining of the of the intestines which has been damaged. Bone broth is anti- inflammatory and will boost the immune system. If you cannot get hold of organic bones easily simply boil up a few chicken carcasses or a left over roast chicken bones. Add ginger, garlic and a tablespoon of cider vinegar. Allow this to simmer slowly in a slow cooker if you have one for 12-24 hours. Otherwise for as long as you can. Strain and drink the broth several times a day.
Probiotics are foods and supplements which contain live microorganisms. They will help to recolonise the digestive tract with beneficial bacteria. However not all probiotics are created equal. The problem being that it is not easy get to the live friendly bacteria past the stomach acid and into the gut. Check that you buy a good quality probiotic supplement with strains that will overcome this. Fermented foods are one of the best ways of getting probiotics into the digestive tract and restoring gut health. Raw fermented vegetables are a great way to deliver beneficial bacteria into the gut along with all the added nutrition and enzymes they contain. You can find recipes for Sauerkraut and kimchi here and here.
As with probiotic supplements make sure that the fermented food you choose to eat is raw and not sweetened and pasteurised.
***Some of these suggestions and supplements are not advised if you are following a low FODMAP diet and are sensitive to these foods. This is an interesting article to read here.
Finely slice the kale and massage it with the juice of half a lemon, place in a large salad bowl and leave to wilt.
Lightly steam the asparagus and leave to one side.
Chop the remaining ingredients and grate the carrot and then add to the salad bowl tossing in the beans.
Make the dressing by chopping the garlic roughly, then mix it with the salt and mash together using either the back of a knife or a pestle and mortar to make a paste. Transfer to a small bowl. Add the lemon juice and balsamic vinegar and then whisking with a fork slowly add the olive oil. Check it for tartness and adjust if you need to add more olive oil.
Sprinkle the roasted pumpkin seeds over the top. To roast pumpkin seeds, heat a small skillet or frying pan and dry roast the seeds until they start to colour and pop, keeping a close eye that they don't burn. Any extra can be stored in a glass jar until needed.
This entry was posted in alkaline, Fermentation, Gluten Free, healthy gut, raw, Recipes and tagged alkaline, fermented foods, healthy microbiome, prebiotics, probiotics, surviving antibiotics. Bookmark the permalink.
I am new to your website but I am finding an informative well researched source of information about diet and health. I recently had to take a course of antibiotics to prevent possible infection from an open wound and they did cause me stomach problems for quite a few weeks afterwards. This responsible blog is what everyone who has taken antibiotics should read. I will be following your advice and look forward to reading more of your articles.
Thanks so much for your comment Mark it means a great deal to me! Hope you're feeling better now and that you're recovering well.


I thought it would be handy to gather up the links to all my pieces pertaining to haunted cabins and put them in one place – right here in this post!
Now isn't this sweet of me??
OH NO! The title of my last review includes the words "Final Post in my Haunted Cabin Series" and yet here is another post! I'm so BADDDDDDDDDDDD!!!!


We recognise that your personal information is important to you and share your concerns about how information is collected, used and shared.
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Can I extend my АТАS license?
Absolutely, you can extend your ATAS license at any time.
When ordering license extention, please indicate the same e-mail that is specified (attached to) the current license. The license validity period will be extended automatically.
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The combination of parameters may then be used to infer the remote machine' s operating system ( aka OS fingerprinting) incorporated into a. Whois is widely used for querying authoritative registries/ databases to discover the owner of a domain name an IP address an autonomous system number of the system you are targeting. Footprinting is about information gathering is both passive active. Define footprinting.
All packets sent out through this firewall are NAT' d to have source IP 1. Yes, there are several. A Guide for the Penetration Tester. Figure 1: Single Packet Authorization - general network diagram In the diagram above, the spaclient is on a home/ office network that is behind a firewall.
Scapy runs natively on Linux on most Unixes with libpcap its python wrappers ( see scapy' s installation page). The official sguil installation document is here. TCP/ IP stack fingerprinting is the passive collection of configuration attributes from a remote device during standard layer 4 network communications. View and Download Siemens SINAMICS V90 operating instructions manual online.
Is there an installation and configuration guide? Passive fingerprinting uses most of the same techniques as the active fingerprinting performed by Nmap. P0f tool download. P0f tool download.
THE CAR HACKER' S HANDBOOK. This is really complicated. The difference is that a passive system simply sniffs the network, opportunistically classifying hosts as it observes their traffic. The Seven- Step Information Gathering Process Objectives: Define the seven- step information gathering process.
Unfortunately like the installation of SANCP , it skips a few steps p0f. The same code base now runs natively on both Python 2 and Python 3.
1 this is the IP that systems on the external Internet will see for communications initiated by the spaclient system. Something to be aware of is that these are only baseline methods that have been used in the industry. Examples include Nmap Winzapper, mSpy , John the Ripper, Nessus, ibes have also been described as among the most potent hacking tools due to their potential exploitation in social engineering attacks. CVE ( versionand Candidates as ofCandidates must be reviewed and accepted by the CVE Editorial Board before they can be added to the official CVE list.
Packet crafting for Python2 and Python3. Part 1 - Pentesting Distributions Installer Kits for your Raspberry Pi Part 2 - Glastopf Pi: A Simple Yet Cool Web Honeypot for your Raspberry Pi Part 3 - Some Cool DIY Raspberry Pi Projects Part 1 - Pentesting Distributions Installer Kits for your Raspberry Pi Part 2 - Glastopf Pi: A Simple.
A password cracker software can be used to crack , after bypassing the data encryption , which is often referred to as a password recovery tool, recover the password either by removing the original password by an outright discovery of the password. This section is designed to be the PTES technical guidelines that help define certain procedures to follow during a penetration test. SINAMICS V90 Servo Drives pdf manual download.
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P0f v3 ( version 3. 09b) Copyright ( Cby Michal Zalewski Yeah, it' s back! P0f is a tool that utilizes an array of. Noteworthy security tools.
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Skipfish, a web security testing tool is now a cog in the Google Cloud Security Scanner. Ratproxy, a neat but non- maintained passive web vulnerability detection tool.
A hacking tool is a program designed to assist with hacking, or a piece of software which can be used for hacking purposes.


MEGADETH's 35th-anniversary greatest-hits compilation, "Warheads On Foreheads", will be accompanied by a 350-page graphic anthology, featuring comic book stories inspired by the songs on the album. The collaboration, titled "Death By Design", features stories written and illustrated by top talent from the comics, film, television and music world.
MEGADETH, working in close collaboration with Heavy Metal, has collected an unprecedented pool of talent for "Megadeth: Death By Design", making it any comic book or MEGADETH fan's dream. Brendan Small (creator of "Metalocalypse") teams with Belen Ortega ("Girl With The Dragon Tattoo") for "Hangar 18". Dan Fogler ("Fantastic Beasts And Where To find Them") writes an apocalyptic tale insanely drawn by Andy Belanger ("Southern Cross") for "Rattlehead". An A-list talent pool rounds out the roster featuring Tim Seeley ("Hack/Slash"), Ben Templesmith ("30 Days Of Night"), Brian Wood ("DMZ"), Justin Jordan and John Bivens ("Spread"), Leah Moore and John Reppion ("Judge Dredd"), Joe Keatingue ("Popgun"), Christine Larsen ("Holy Diver"), Frazier Irving ("Annihilator") and more than 50 other talented creators.
Jeff Krelitz, CEO of Heavy Metal, says: "Since I was old enough to buy records, MEGADETH has been one of my favorite bands, not only for the great storytelling in the music, but the world building imagery on the album covers. This opportunity to meld the two worlds together and tell stories inspired by their songs is a privilege that we are excited to present to the fans."
"Megadeth: Death By Design" comes in four different editions and will be in comic stores on June 5.


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text:
Reese Doc.441
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Reply in Support of Motion for Release of Assets.06.13.13.P-Mt
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Alan Aulson Et Ux. Maureen Aulson v. Charles Blanchard, 83 F.3d 1, 1st Cir. (1996)
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Case 2:11-cr-02294-RB Document 441 Filed 06/13/13 Page 1 of 4
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) vs. ) Case Number: 11 CR 2294 RB ) RICK REESE, ) TERRI REESE, and ) RYIN REESE, ) ) Defendants. ) ______________________________________________________________________________ DEFENDANTS REPLY IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR PARTIAL RELEASE OF ASSETS ______________________________________________________________________________ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
The Defendants, Rick Reese and Terri Reese, by and through their counsel of record, Robert J. Gorence of Gorence & Oliveros, P.C., and Jason Bowles of the Bowles Law Firm, submit their Reply in support of their Motion for Partial Release of Assets. In support of this Reply, Defendants state as follows: Contrary to the governments assertion in its Response, Doc. 439, the Defendants have met the standard required to qualify for a hearing under the Jones-Farmer rule. Jones states that a defendant must demonstrate to the court's satisfaction that [he] has no assets, other than those restrained, with which to retain private counsel and provide for [himself] and [his] family. United States v. Jones, 160 F.3d 641, 647 (10th Cir. 1998). In this case, Rick Reese provided an affidavit setting forth exactly why the assets were needed. While the affidavit does not list every asset seized, it specifically lists the most liquid assets which were seized and which amounted to over $100,000.00. In addition, the affidavit referenced the seized gold and silver, which
clearly would constitute substitute assets because they were acquired after a lifetime of saving by Rick and Terri Reese, and are also assets which are quite liquid, albeit not as valuable now compared to when it was seized due to a declining market. See Doc. 437-1. The affidavit also goes into detail regarding the hardship the seizure has placed on Mr. Reese and his family. Id. Thus, Mr. Reeses affidavit establishes a preliminary basis for which to set an adversarial hearing on the matter. If the hearing is granted, Mr. Reese will testify, and be subject to crossexamination, regarding the financial plight of his family and his inability to defend himself against an ever-expanding platoon of government lawyers which at last count numbers ten attorneys. The Reeses have also met the second Jones prong where a defendant must also make a prima facie showing of a bona fide reason to believe the grand jury erred in determining that the restrained assets constitute[ ] or [are] derived, directly or indirectly, from gross proceeds traceable to the commission of the [health care] offense. Jones, 160 F.3d 641, 647 (quoting 18 U.S.C. 982(a)(6)). Once a defendant satisfies these initial burdens, due process requires a district court to conduct an adversarial hearing at which the government must establish probable cause to believe that the restrained assets are traceable to the underlying offense. Id. This Court specifically stated in its Memorandum Opinion and Order granting Defendants Motion for a New Trial and Motion for Release on Conditions Pending Sentencing, Doc. 404, that the government committed a constitutional violation in not disclosing impeachment evidence related to Deputy Batts, a crucial witness in the governments case. See Doc. 404, pp. 8-10. The Court further stated that, had the jury been presented with all of the material, exculpatory evidence, such evidence could have easily altered the outcome of the trial. See Doc. 404, p. 10. It was due to this constitutional error that the Court granted Defendants motion for a new trial, and it is
this issue which is currently on appeal. Id. This information alone is sufficient to meet Mr. Reeses burden of producing evidence which demonstrates an error in determining that the restrained assets are traceable to the underlying offense because there may have been no credible underlying offenses. Because Rick and Terri Reese have met both burdens, an evidentiary hearing is warranted to determine if some or all of the assets should be released so that the Reese family can legally compete with the sequester exempt, limitless resources of the government and to eke out a meager subsistence. As part of its Response, the government further contends that the Defendants assets should not be released to pay for counsel and cites to the Supreme Court's decisions in Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered v. United States, 491 U.S. 617, 109 S.Ct. 2646, 105 L.Ed.2d 528 (1989), and United States v. Monsanto, 491 U.S. 600, 109 S.Ct. 2657, 105 L.Ed.2d 512 (1989). As illustrated in Jones, the Supreme Court cases only held that a criminal defendant has no Sixth Amendment right to use forfeitable assets to employ counsel. Neither case decided whether due process requires a hearing at which a defendant could challenge the forfeitability of assets. United States v. Jones, 160 F.3d 641, 648 (10th Cir. 1998). Specifically, the court in Monsanto noted that [w]e do not consider today, however, whether the Due Process Clause requires a hearing before a pretrial restraining order can be imposed. As such, these cases do not preclude Defendants from seeking a hearing to determine the forfeitability of the assets seized, especially under the unique circumstances of this case: where this Court has already found that the government committed a grave error by withholding exculpatory evidence which may have completely negated all charges in this case. WHEREFORE, for all of the above reasons, Defendants request a full evidentiary hearing of this matter and that this Motion be granted.
Respectfully submitted, /s/ Robert J. Gorence Robert J. Gorence Gorence & Oliveros, P.C. Attorney for Defendant 1305 Tijeras Avenue NW Albuquerque, NM 87102 (505) 244-0214 gorence@gopcfirm.com
/s/ Jason Bowles Jason Bowles Bowles Law Firm 201 3rd Street NW, Suite 1370 Albuquerque, NM 87102 (505) 217-2680 jason@bowles-lawfirm.com
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true and correct copy of the foregoing has been emailed by CM/ECF to counsel entitled to notice, this 13th day of June, 2013.
/s/ Robert J. Gorence Robert J. Gorence
Sixth Amendment To The United States Constitution
Government Of The United States
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Winning acclaim in 1906 as a crusading San Francisco prosecuting attorney, Johnson was elected governor four years later on a reform ticket. Under his leadership the legislature curtailed the political hold on California of the Southern Pacific Railroad and placed the state in the forefront of the Progressive movement. In 1912 Johnson helped form the Progressive Party and was its unsuccessful vice-presidential candidate on a ticket with Theodore Roosevelt. In the Senate he opposed the dominant conservative tendencies of the Republican Party, supporting ameliorative farm legislation and, in the 1930s, New Deal measures to relieve unemployment. Gradually he became best known for his implacable isolationism, opposing U.S. adherence to the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations, and the Permanent Court of International Justice, known as the World Court. He sponsored the Neutrality acts of the 1930s and resisted all preparedness measures before World War II as well as the formation of the United Nations.
Hiram Johnson was a leading American progressive and later isolationist politician from California; he served as the 23rd governor from 1911 to 1917, and as a United States Senator from 1917 to 1945.
Johnson was born in Sacramento, California on September 2, 1866; his father was Grove Lawrence Johnson, a Republican Representative and a member of the California State Legislature who was accused of election irregularities and using his political offices to look after his personal financial interests. His mother was Annie DeMontfredy, partially descended of a family of Huguenots who had left France after the Edict of Nantes, to escape religious persecution. Annie was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, claiming descent from a general of the Continental Army. Johnson had a brother and three sisters.
After attending public schools and Heald College, Johnson first worked as a shorthand reporter and stenographer in law offices. He eventually pursued a legal career, studying at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He was admitted to the bar in 1888 and commenced practice in his hometown. In 1902, he moved to San Francisco.
Winning acclaim in 1906 as a crusading San Francisco prosecuting attorney, Johnson was elected governor four years later on a reform ticket. Under his leadership the legislature curtailed the political hold on California of the Southern Pacific Railroad and placed the state in the forefront of the Progressive movement.
In 1912 Johnson helped form the Progressive Party and was its unsuccessful vice-presidential candidate on a ticket with Theodore Roosevelt. In the Senate he opposed the dominant conservative tendencies of the Republican Party, supporting ameliorative farm legislation and, in the 1930s, New Deal measures to relieve unemployment. Gradually he became best known for his implacable isolationism, opposing U.S. adherence to the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations, and the Permanent Court of International Justice, known as the World Court. He sponsored the Neutrality acts of the 1930s and resisted all preparedness measures before World War II as well as the formation of the United Nations.
Member Native Sons of Golden West. Mason (K.T.).
Married Minnie L. McNeal, 1886.


efore becoming a SoulCycle instructor, LOVE constantly struggled with her weight. Now 70 pounds lighter, she shares the story of how she slimmed down and gained confidence.
Growing up in the South, I was always overweight, due mostly to genetics and eating lots of fried and fast food. I attempted several diets through high school, but nothing seemed to work, even though I was an athlete and exercised regularly.
Once I moved to New York City for college, my day-to-day activity level increased, especially since I wasn't able to hop into a car and drive myself everywhere. So I started losing weight before I even decided or realized I could do it. I was studying theater, and my musical theater studio required three hours of dance classes three days a week. For some reason dance, unlike twice-daily volleyball practices in high school, really had an effect on my weight. By the end of my first semester, I'd lost the 'Freshman Fifteen' that most people gain.
But I still dabbled in many different types of diet plans: Counting calories, counting carbs, low-carb diets, no carb diets, high protein diets, no-sugar diets, small meals throughout the day and even a stint on a plan that required only one meal a day -- I stuck with that for three-quarters of a year. You name it, I've tried it.
I always looked at my nutrition as a learning experience. I wouldn't just jump on any diet. I would research all aspects of it and what it did to the body on a micronutrient and hormonal level. I don't believe there's one way for everyone. Every body (physically, genetically, psychologically) is different and everyone's lifestyle is different. In the end, the only thing that worked for me were the plans that fit into my life and gave me the energy I needed to do the things that I love.
I also started thinking about consistency and balance when it came to my workouts, so I focused on only doing exercises and routines that I really enjoyed and would stick to: different kinds of dance, running, lifting weights. I became very interested in health and fitness, and eventually I started studying to be a personal trainer. By my junior year I had already lost 50 pounds. I definitely wasn't at my goal weight, but it was empowering to know that for the first time in my life, I had control over my weight. Knowledge was power.
Along with doing workouts I love, I definitely changed the way I ate. Lunch used to be a sandwich on white bread with the works: lettuce, tomato, mayo, cheese, etc. plus large side portions: chips, french fries, or anything starchy. Now I have a salad or a chicken wrap that I usually split into two "snacks", and I usually have a piece of fruit as a side. I also love mashed avocado as a dip for veggies or mixed into a salad. And I usually have an apple, snack bag of almonds and boiled eggs thrown in my gym bag. They travel well and are a great snack if I don't have time to sit and eat a meal. Since I'm so active through out the day, I never like to feel full. It's no fun hopping on the bike with a stomach full of food.
Which brings me to SoulCycle. A year ago, Marvin Foster Jr. invited me to his class. I had never ridden at SoulCycle before, but the second the lights went low and the music started, I fell in love. It was the perfect combination of everything that had motivated me through my weight loss journey. Cardio, strength, dancing, weight training, yoga... the list goes on and on, but the best part was the Soul community. From the second you walk into a studio to the moment you leave, you're surrounded by people, images and words that motivate you to be a better person. SoulCycle isn't just a very effective total body workout, and it's not just a job to me. It's a way of life.
My grand total weight loss to date is 70 pounds, but I can't say that I am at my optimal weight. Am I healthy? Yes. Am I strong? You better believe it, but I don't do what I do for a number. I do it for a feeling. Working out makes me feel good. Period. It makes my body feel good, and it definitely helps my mind and self-esteem.
SoulCycle gives me all of those good feelings I love about being fit. I get to dance on the bike, I get stronger on the bike, and the bike continues to change my body and challenge my mind and SOUL.
Catch Love's classes at Soul E63 and Soul Tribeca. Got a Soul Transformation to share? Email SOULlife@soul-cycle.com!