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Protarchaeopteryx ist eine Gattung theropoder, gefiederter Dinosaurier aus der Gruppe der Oviraptorosauria aus der Unterkreide Südchinas. Die einzige Art Protarchaeopteryx robusta wurde im Jahr 1997 erstbeschrieben. Protarchaeopteryx war ein etwa truthahngroßer, zweibeinig laufender Maniraptore, der sich vermutlich pflanzlich ernährte oder ein Allesfresser war.

Fund und Namensgebung
Protarchaeopteryx ist durch ein unvollständiges Skelett bekannt (Holotypus, Katalognummer GMV2125). Schädel und Wirbelsäule sind schlecht erhalten, die Rippen fehlen gänzlich. Die Gliedmaßen sowie die Beckenregion sind jedoch vollständig erhalten. Der Fund stammt aus den ca. 128 bis 121 Millionen Jahre alten (spätes Barremium bis frühes Aptium) Sedimentgesteinen der Jianshangou-Beds der Yixian-Formation, einem Schichtglied der Jehol-Gruppe. Der Fundort des im Dezember 1996 entdeckten Fossils liegt westlich des Dorfes Sihetun im Bezirk Beipiaoshi in der chinesischen Provinz Liaoning. Der Gattungsname Protarchaeopteryx ("Erster alter Flügel") kommt aus dem Altgriechischen und leitet sich von protos ("erster") und Archaeopteryx (arkhaios "alt", pteryx "Flügel") ab, da er von den Erstbeschreibern zunächst als ein naher aber primitiverer Verwandter des Urvogels Archaeopteryx gehalten wurde. Das Artepitheth robusta kommt aus dem Lateinischen und bedeutet so viel wie "robust" oder "kraftvoll" und spielt auf die kräftigen Hinterbeine des Tieres an.

Merkmale
Protarchaeopteryx besaß ebenso wie Caudipteryx (aus Federschaft und Federfahne bestehende) "echte" Federn an den Armen und am Schwanzende. Die Federn waren generell nicht länger als fünf cm, die erhaltenen Abschnitte der Schwanzfedern sind jedoch bis 10 cm lang – eine vollständige Schwanzfeder wäre vermutlich länger als 15 cm gewesen. Die Federn waren ebenso wie bei Caudipteryx, jedoch im Unterschied zu den Federn flugfähiger Vögel, symmetrisch. Von Ji und Ji zunächst als naher Verwandter des Urvogels Archaeopteryx beschrieben, wurde Protarchaeopteryx in Folge meist als gefiederter "Nichtvogeldinosaurier" angesehen.

Folgende Skelettmerkmale hatte Protarchaeopteryx nach Zhou und Hou (2002) mit höheren Vögeln gemein:
 Schambein nach hinten rotiert mit einem Confuciusornis-ähnlichen Schambeinfuß
 rückwärtsgerichtete erste Fußzehe (Hallux)
 Wadenbein reduziert
 Elle beträchtlich dicker als Speiche
 Mittelhandknochen und Fingerglieder des 2. Fingers gegenüber denen der anderen Finger vergrößert.

Anders als Caudipteryx, aber ähnlich wie Incisivosaurus besaß Protarchaeopteryx eine außergewöhnliche heterodonte Bezahnung mit großen geraden Zähnen im vorderen Teil (Zwischenkieferbein) des Oberkiefers und viel kleineren im hinteren Oberkiefer (Maxillare) und im Unterkiefer.

Literatur
 Ji Qiang, Philip J. Currie, Mark A. Norell, Ji Shu-An: Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. In: Nature. Bd. 393, Nr. 6687, 1998, S. 753–761, .
 Qiang Ji, Shu'an Ji: A Chinese archaeopterygian, Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov. In: Geological Science and Technology (Di Zhi Ke Ji). Bd. 238, 1997, S. 38–41, (Digitalisat /PDF; 42,9 kB).
 Zong-He Zhou, Lianhai Hou: The Discovery ans Study of Mesozoic Birds in China. In: Luis M. Chiappe, Lawrence M. Witmer (Hrsg.): Mesozoic birds. Above the heads of dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley CA u. a. 2002, ISBN 0-520-20094-2, S. 160–183.

Einzelnachweise

Oviraptoriden
Oviraptorosauria


Murder on the Main Line a novel of suspense. New mystery suspense novel available. If you like Mary Higgins Clark and Lisa Scottoline you will like this!
Art teacher Maggie MacNulty never thought she would find herself tracking down a murderer terrorising the well heeled residents of the affluent Main Line of Philadelphia. When she volunteered to assist an order of religious sisters with a fundraiser to help renovate an abandoned girls school, Maggie gets entangled in a web of deceit, fraud and bloodshed. Amidst the power and money of the wealthy players of society's most elite, a peaceful Main Line mansion becomes a crime scene, deceit befalls the prosperous members of the posh Wayne Country Club, greed leads to money laundering, and an abandoned school is more haunted than one might think. In the end some people will do anything to maintain their standing in society and keep their secrets. Maggie must not only exonerate her wrongly accused younger brother, Johnny, before his life and future are ruined, but she must try to find the real murderer before he or she finds Maggie.
Gripping intrigue is combined with page turning suspense as Maggie's eagerness to find the real murderer of Kate Worthington, socialite and philanthropist of the historic Main Line, becomes more urgent. Maggie's friends introduce her to attractive attorney, Steve English, who assists her in the search for the true killer. While Maggie is infiltrating the posh country clubs and estates of the wealthy locals, Steve uncovers a web of deceptive financial deals and insurance fraud. Some of the most affluent of society are paying the bills for their extravagant lifestyle with other people's money. When their misdeeds are uncovered, some of their victims consider seeking revenge.
Meanwhile the campus and buildings of an old, abandoned boarding school are being renovated. A group of religious sisters and their benefactors are restoring deserted and neglected antique structures from the long-ago farm school. As the forsaken buildings are returned to their former glory, rumors of ghostly occurrences unnerve the volunteers.
Now Maggie and the others learn that decades before the school's renovation, a young student mysteriously went missing. Did she run away or was she the victim of a crime? Once a skeleton is discovered in a shallow grave, the quest for her identity sets off a series of spine chilling events. Will the true cause of the child's death be discovered or will someone stop at nothing to prevent her story from being told. The mystery that links the beautiful estates and lifestyles of the Main Line with the deserted and ghostly campus of the old school becomes clearer. As Maggie's curiosity compels her to find the answers, her own life is at risk.


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How Writing Can Get You through Tough Times: No Experience Necessary
by MJ Hanley-Goff
What could I do to promote the art of journal writing that will really bring home the point that it is truly a source of healing, and like the title says, requires NO writing experience. And then it came to me. If I share the experiences of others, and not just my own, maybe that would hit the ball out of the park.
In order to create this book, and promote journal writing, I looked inside myself to really determine what would entice me to try it. And then it came to me.
If one person tells me something, I will listen.
If ten people tell me something, I'm impressed and want to know more.
If a great many people tell me about something that worked for them, then by golly, I'd give it a go.
Hence, this book.
Publication Date : 2/27/2014
Dimensions : 5x8
"One of the most successful treatments for PTSD has been writing."
—Andrew Komonchak, executive director,
Purple Heart Hall of Honor, Inc., NY
What if:
• There was a place available 24/7 where you could figure out some of life's biggest challenges?
• You could work through grief, anger, fear, and anxiety without judgment?
• This place was as accessible as the top drawer of your favorite desk?
There is such a place, and it's one of the best self-help tools available: it's known as journal-writing.
In this book, you'll gain encouragement and enlightenment about the power of journal-writing from two beloved authors, and from those around the country and around the globe who've generously shared their journal-writing experiences.
You can also start your own journal-writing practice right here in the pages of this book!
MJ Hanley-Goff has been writing professionally since the early 1990s, first at Long Island's Newsday, before becoming a regular contributor to the Hudson Valley's daily paper, the Times Herald-Record and a feature writer for the award-winning website, WomanAroundTown.com. Her first novel, The Bench, debuted in 2007, and her eBook, 101 PR Tips & Secrets is currently available on Amazon.com.
She's been journaling for over thirty years and is delighted to share her own story on how journaling became an invaluable tool in her own life. Says Hanley-Goff, "Writing has been, throughout the ages, one of the best and easiest self-help tools available, and I know that everyone who picks up this book will come away with the inspiration to start their own journaling practice."
—Andrew Komonchak, Executive Director, Purple Heart Hall of Fame

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Zaha Hadid Architects Rejects Controversial Remarks Made by Successor Patrik Schumacher
London's mayor even weighed in.
Audrey Gascho, November 30, 2016
Patrik Schumacher. Photo courtesy of Zaha Hadid Architects.
Yesterday, Zaha Hadid Architects released an open letter that explicitly addresses and disavows the statements made two weeks ago by Patrik Schumacher—the successor of the late Zaha Hadid at the helm of her firm—at the World Architecture Festival in Berlin. There, Schumacher delivered his own "urban policy manifesto," which included privatizing public spaces, scrapping social housing projects, and abolishing all government regulations on corporate developers.
Written by Rana Hadid, Peter Palumbo, and Brian Clarke—three trustees of the Zaha Hadid Foundation—the letter speaks on behalf of the broader studio, emphasizing the discordance of Schumacher's statements with that of the company and Hadid's legacy.
London's Serpentine Gallery to Show Zaha Hadid's Rarely-Seen Notebooks
By Henri Neuendorf , Oct 11, 2016
Reeling focus back to the passion and ideology that defined Zaha Hadid's career and personal life, the letter asserts that Schumacher's manifesto "does not reflect Zaha Hadid Architects' past—and will not be our future," while maintaining that the firm will "continue to innovate towards an architecture of inclusivity."
In his presentation, Schumacher additionally criticized tenants of housing projects at the city's center, arguing that living there is an undeserved locational privilege, all while defending foreign real estate investors and gentrification.
2017 Brit Awards Reveal Posthumous Trophy Design by Zaha Hadid
By Amah-Rose Abrams , Nov 1, 2016
Although he had made contentious statements before, this marks the first time since Hadid's passing that Schumacher managed to accrue such widespread attention. The speech was initially reported by Dezeen, only to be met with a wave of public responses in the weeks to follow.
Sadiq Khan, London's current mayor, was one of the first to directly respond. The Evening Standard reported Khan's claim that, regardless of whether Schumacher's "out-of-touch" remarks were for shock value, "anyone who thinks abolishing affordable housing altogether, supporting buy-to-leave empty properties, and building on Hyde Park is the answer to London's housing crisis doesn't understand the first thing about our great city."
Architects and critics have issued similar public responses, railing on Schumacher for poorly representing their industry.
5 Things We Learned About Zaha Hadid in the New Book 'HADID'
By Caroline Elbaor , Aug 30, 2016
In an opinion piece for Dezeen, the critic and designer Phineas Harper claims that "it's time to stop listening to Patrik Schumacher," due to the fact that he has repeatedly exhibited a small-mindedness that negates his credibility as a problem-solver. Another London-based designer, Ben Clark, expressed comparable distaste, calling Schumacher "economically illiterate" and insisting that his market ideals would only "intensify [the city's] current crisis."
In response to the backlash he has experienced since his presentation, Schumacher has also released a statement online in which he apologizes for causing his friends and colleagues embarrassment, while claiming that he "was hoping to stir a discussion and got much more than what [he] had bargained for." Furthermore, he echoes the mission of Zaha Hadid Architects, vowing that he shares a "dream of a caring, inclusive, diverse society where everybody can flourish and realise his/her potential."
Audrey Gascho
Moby Slams Zaha Hadid's Architecture
By Amah-Rose Abrams , Sep 19, 2016
At Galerie Gmurzynska, A Double Homage to Kurt Schwitters and Zaha Hadid
By Hili Perlson , Jun 24, 2016
Zaha Hadid's Only NYC Penthouse Hits Market for $50 Million
By Rain Embuscado , May 24, 2016
Activists Call for Removal of Work by Murder-Accused Mthethwa From Exhibition About Women
By Amah-Rose Abrams , Nov 30, 2016
Imi Knoebel Issues Warning to Collectors Not to Buy His 'Star' at Auction
By Hili Perlson , Nov 30, 2016


We were recently paid a visit by friend and fellow access advocate Dr. Jayasree Iyer, Executive Director of the Access to Medicine Foundation (ATMF). Dr. Iyer and her colleague Anna Massey met with The Max Foundation's leadership to discuss the treatment access landscape and update one another on projects, initiatives, and the road ahead. Following the meeting, Dr. Iyer was generous enough to answer a few questions about the Access to Medicine Index, emerging trends in treatment access, and the role of collaborative access initiatives in treating chronic diseases.
I. What inspired the Access to Medicine Index, and what keeps you motivated?
The Access to Medicine Index (ATMI) was founded by Mr. Wim Leereveld, whose vision was that pharmaceutical companies could be incentivized through a ranking on how companies ensure access to medicine for populations living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Companies could use their natural competitive nature towards a goal that can influence billions around the world.
I joined the Access to Medicine Foundation in 2013, and took over the reins from Wim (who has since retired) in 2015. During my time leading the Foundation, we have built an in-house research team, strengthened our engagement activities with governments, investors, global health stakeholders, and companies, to ensure that expectations are being met and best practices are being diffused.
I am personally motivated by the fact that the countries most affected by the lack of access to medicine are home to 77% of the world's population, and that every company, with their unique portfolio, expertise, and networks, can offer a lot to bring better access to treatment to patients. I believe that part of the solution lies in the pharmaceutical companies and leadership of individuals within them and this tool (the Index) helps uncover leaders and possible impactful solutions.
II. Since the launch of the Index, what progress have you seen? Any changes or emerging trends in how pharma companies approach access?
There has been an increase in the recognition of what access to medicine means among the companies, but also among other stakeholders (including investors and governments). This has also led to more awareness on possible solutions. In fact, we will be bringing forward a study soon to exactly answer this question.
As for key trends that have emerged… we've seen an internal transformation within some companies in terms of increased buy-in for access initiatives, and more CEOs speaking about them. Some of their targets are now linked to performance on access in LMICs. Recently there have been more public commitments made by several companies towards global health goals, seen in neglected tropical diseases (London Declaration on NTDs), in maternal health (Every Woman Every Child commitment framework) and in combating antimicrobial resistance (Davos Declaration for AMR). In many of these cases, we have tracked and shown that action follows commitment.
Recently we have also observed the presence of several leading companies in discussions at the global level on sustainable development goals (SDGs), on universal health coverage (UHC), and on addressing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). An important area that companies are working on is measuring the impact of access initiatives on health outcomes.
III. What led you to add oncology to the ATMI? And what's your biggest takeaway since doing so?
In the past couple of years, there has been more of a call for action on non-communicable diseases (including cancer), as these diseases have – for a variety of reasons – increased in priority in low- and middle-income countries. We added oncology to our scope in the last Index for two reasons: (1) to match with stakeholder expectation on the growing role for the industry in addressing cancer care, and (2) to align with the inclusion of many cancer treatments as part of the World Health Organization's Essential Medicines list and the Cancer Resolution made at the World Health Assembly; both of which echo the growing prioritization of cancer care in low- and middle-income countries.
The biggest takeaway for us in our research is that many companies are working on access to cancer care – in capacity-building and in innovation, for example – but the breadth of access initiatives is focused mainly on pricing and on small populations. We need to find new ways to ensure more sustained access to cancer treatments. The industry, governments, and implementing non-government organizations, all need to work together on this.
IV. How can access initiatives that span multiple pharmaceutical companies ensure their efforts are properly reported and recognized?
We do credit collaborations, including when several companies act together on access, and we have seen more of these collaborative initiatives in recent years. I think that there needs to be better visibility as to why multiple companies are needed to the overall access solution. This is critical for chronic diseases for example, where the entire continuum of care from screening, to early detection, to treatment, and palliative care, is all needed. We have reported on this in some of our research insights.
It takes a village to solve the access challenge, and we need to identify the role of different stakeholders, engage them, and ensure that their interventions are sustainable.
V. How did you first learn about The Max Foundation? And what interests you most about our model/approach?
When we were looking at key organizations that were working on access issues in low- and middle-income countries for cancer care, we found The Max Foundation as a natural partner for many pharmaceutical companies. What interests us most about the work that you do is the fact that you engage on both basic essential and innovative medicines for oncology, and work directly with physicians on what they need to ensure access, how they can ensure better treatment and care for patients, so that the entire patient journey is managed better. The dedication and depth of the knowledge of the staff working on the access initiatives, the ability to run long term access to products like Gleevec, and the interest in motivating better access to the whole continuum of care (medicines, diagnostics, improved guidelines, etc.) is what impresses us.
VI. Do you see our work as being aligned? If so, how?
Our work is aligned in that both our organizations want to see better access to cancer care for people living in low- and middle-income countries. We incentivize companies to do more in ensuring access to their products via the Index and our engagement activities, and we hope that through our efforts, more companies are motivated to work with The Max Foundation and others on ensuring access to cancer care.
VII. What would you like to see happen next in access to medicine?
The vision of a pharmaceutical company executive is – or at least, should be– to ensure that everyone that needs treatment one day has access to it. The pharmaceutical industry must challenge themselves to keep reaching more people with their products and expertise, including underserved and hard-to-reach patients in order for the scale of the access challenge to be addressed. Without losing their profitability, companies can certainly make a stronger social and health impact.
I hope that when products are being developed by the pharmaceutical industry, each company and their partners will think hard about ensuring access to these products for underserved populations upon launch. There is so much to be done to address the needs of the 77% of the world population that lives in the 106 countries covered by the Index. More sustainable access to key treatments is important in cancer care.


This post was written as part of the Club Carlson Global Traveler program; a three-week, eight-country adventure I'm taking through Europe, paid for and compensated by Club CarlsonSM. During the trip, I'm exploring the world of hotel points and how to take advantage of accommodations and upgrades with various strategies. And if you share this post (and others) on Twitter and Facebook with the #GlobalTravelerNora tag , they might even give me 1 million points to give to you (read on to find out how)…..
The first few times I visited London, I was overwhelmed. Although I'm a born and raised city-slicker, I've lost most of my lustre for the big smoke. Since I started traveling full-time in 2007, I've lived largely rurally, or in relatively small communities.
As such, London (in the past) has come off as too big, too busy, too expensive, too crowded…just…too.
But I must say London is growing on me. When I visited London last year, I wrote a post about returning to and redeeming London. It's still big and crowded and expensive; but with familiarity, it's getting easier to handle.
This time, it was even better yet. Not only was it much easier to get around, but I felt much more comfortable. That is, until I got the flu.
But even getting sick wasn't the end of the world; the folks at Radisson Blu Edwardian Mercer Street hopped to my care right away; the concierge brought me medication, afternoon tea was delivered to my room, and I even had an in-room massage. I was truly pampered.
My room service extravagances weren't without its perks. Charge meals and beverages (and in some cases, hotel services) to your room, and Club CarlsonSM doles out 20 Gold Points per US dollar spent. And don't forget about the discounts on food you're entitled to at many of the hotels, which range from 5-15%.
I've condensed my two days in London to one thrilling video minute. Enjoy!
Click here to view (in higher-res) on YouTube.
Sweet – thanks! What contest are you in?
If only you had been able to visit when I lived there, the fun we could have had!!!
We lived in London for five years and have just moved. We really loved it there. Great video!
Thanks, Carmen! Where have you moved to?
Oh, London! After 27 years, I'm finally coming round to it, and seeing why so many people love it. I've always been a lover of cities, but for me, people in London have always been unfriendly, the city too crowded. My opinion on Londoners hasn't changed, but there's just so much to do in the city and it has so much to offer.
Indeed – the underground is great! It's all very interconnected, and the signage is tops. Glad you ultimately enjoyed London!
Yes, I've been to some of the lesser-known neighbourhoods in London (thanks to visiting with a local last year), and indeed, there's less of a crush. It's almost an energetic thing; a feeling of people everywhere, even if there's space around you.
But like I say, London is growing on me…or rather, I'm learning to feed on the energy!


Welcome to the world of Treescape® – so much more than cutting down trees!
We restore land, protect wildlife, eradicate pests and disease, and transform landscapes on both small and large scales. Want to know more? Watch now!