A dark/orange UI kit containing buttons, checkboxes, toggles, dropdowns, search fields, text fileds, sliders, et cetera. PSD freebie designed by Vinny Singh and posted on 365psd.
Posted on October 14, 2012 December 14, 2012 in Free PSD, UI kits and tagged buttons, ui, dropdown, menu, checkbox, search, toggles. This post has been viewed 2507 times.


Telecommunications technologies have a proven ability to empower individuals with the necessary tools of the information age. These technological tools can animate the personal use of communications for work or enjoyment, but also impact health care delivery, educational opportunities, the prospects for employment, and job creation.
In 2007, the NAD co-founded the Coalition of Organizations for Accessible Technology (COAT). A coalition of over 250 national, state, and community-based disability-related organizations, COAT advocates for legislative and regulatory safeguards that will ensure full access by people with disabilities to evolving high speed broadband, wireless and other Internet Protocol technologies.
In 2008, COAT was instrumental in bringing new legislation to Congress. That bill, called the "Twenty-first Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act," was introduced in the House of Representatives. The bill was re-introduced in 2009. Efforts are ongoing to seek passage of this bill in this session of Congress.


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Bahamian heritage will be celebrated at Miami Marlins game on June 12, 2021
Bahamians throughout Florida, the wider USA, and The Bahamas are encouraged to bring their goatskin drums and flags, to a special Bahamian Heritage celebratory game with the Miami Marlins on Saturday, June 12, 2021, at 4:10 p.m. at loanDepot Park in Miami, Florida.
Junkanoo culture and Bahamian Jazz Chisholm of Marlins will highlight the special event.
The highlight of the game will honor Major League Miami Marlins Baseball player, Jasrado "Jazz" Chisolm Jr., a native of Nassau, Bahamas.
A postgame celebration featuring popular Bahamian songs will be performed by the Bahamian Steel Band Delight group.
The baseball game in which the Miami Marlins will take on the Atlanta Braves is expected to celebrate the rich heritage and culture of The Bahamas along with its close relationship with the community of Miami. The celebration will feature the pulsating and rhythmic music of The Bahamas, and a pregame Junkanoo rush out performance at 3 p.m. featuring The Bahamas Junkanoo Revue of Miami and legendary Junkanooers Barabbas Woodside, Langston Longley, Ronnie Sands and Pluckers Chipman.
The highlight of the game will honor Major League Miami Marlins Baseball player, 23-year-old Jasrado "Jazz" Chisolm Jr., a native of Nassau, Bahamas. Jazz is the first Bahamian player with the Marlins franchise and only the seventh Bahamian, to play Major League Baseball.
The Heritage Celebration is a collaborative initiative by the Miami Marlins, the Bahamas Consulate General (Miami) Office, the Bahamas Ministry of Tourism & Aviation, Bahamasair, the National Sports Authority (NSA) of The Bahamas and the Bahamas Baseball Association (BBA).
"As a destination, The Islands of The Bahamas is known the world over for its sun, sand, sea and sports. Over the years, we have partnered with numerous elite sporting entities, whose players, families and friends have come to experience firsthand, our country's idyllic beauty and warm hospitality. We remain resolved in our pursuit to ensuring that the unique and rich heritage of The Bahamas, through these partnerships, is heavily promoted and that The Bahamas is known as the premier destination for sports tourism in the Caribbean. Working so successfully with organizations like the Miami Marlins has helped us tremendously," said Mrs. Linda Mackey, Consul General, Bahamas Consulate General (Miami).
Prime Minister, The Most Hon. Dr. Hubert Minnis along with other government dignitaries have been invited by the Marlins organization to participate in the event.
Special promotional links have been created for the Bahamian diaspora to purchase tickets for the game and receive a "Bahamian Heritage Chisolm Jr. T-shirt" to be worn at the game. A donation to the BBA and access to the pregame Junkanoo band and postgame Steel Band Delight performances are included in the promotional package. General game tickets do not grant attendees access to the exclusive Bahamian Heritage Celebration t-shirt. The Links are:
Bahamian Heritage Celebration – NSA (fevo.com)
Bahamian Heritage Celebration – BBA (fevo.com)
Bahamasair has also created special round-trip Heritage packages to the game for persons traveling to Florida from Nassau and Freeport. Tickets, utilizing promo code 00MXDF1F and purchased on bahamasair.com, are $270.09 from Nassau to Miami or Fort Lauderdale and $266.17 from Freeport to Fort Lauderdale and include round-trip airline transportation, game ticket, Heritage T-Shirt, and postgame entertainment.
Bahamians are encouraged to bring their goat skin drums and flags. Noise makers, including cowbells and wind instruments, are strictly prohibited in the stadium.
ABOUT THE BAHAMAS
With over 700 islands and cays and 16 unique island destinations, The Bahamas lies just 50 miles off the coast of Florida, offering an easy flyaway escape that transports travelers away from their everyday. The Islands of The Bahamas have world-class fishing, diving, boating, birding, and nature-based activities, thousands of miles of the earth's most spectacular water and pristine beaches waiting for families, couples and adventurers. Explore all the islands have to offer at www.bahamas.com or on Facebook, YouTube or Instagram to see why It's Better in The Bahamas.
More news about The Bahamas
20-year break has ended! Uganda Airlines flying again to Johannesburg
Second India COVID-19 wave more catastrophic than the first
Russia wants naval base in Sudan, Sudan wants money
Sudan and Russia signed a deal on opening a Russian navy base in Sudan in December of 2020. The naval logistics base is designed for carrying out repairs, replenishing supplies and for […]
Caribbean: Flaws in Paradise
"If you reject the food, ignore the customs, fear the religion, and avoid the people, you might better stay home." – James Michener Reality is Harsh There are at least two sides […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The idyllic seaside town of Kingsport has always been a bit sleepy but tonight's dreams may just become tomorrow's nightmares. The stars are finally right, and the ruthless Cult of Hastur is making a bid to summon an avatar of its dark god! All that stands in the way… is one small group of investigators, the only people smart enough to figure out what's happening and dumb enough to think they can stop it.
Cthulhu!!! thrusts you into a desperate ?fight against elder forces from beyond space and time. You play the stalwart private detectives and quick-thinking girl Fridays who've stumbled onto the Cult's plans, and it's your job to find and sanctify enough ritual sites to prevent the avatar's arrival. For good or ill, you're already a bit unstable from years of mythos busting, and not above using the Cult's relics yourself. You can resist the objects' siren call long enough to save the world… can't you?
Designed for 2 to 6 players, Cthulhu!!!: Hastur La Vista, Baby! features an ever-changing map of downtown Kingsport, a 1920's Lovecraft Country city besieged by deranged cultists, frightening creatures from beyond the stars, and an endless supply of mythos mayhem. Players take turns placing map tiles, ?fighting Hastur's minions, collecting relics of power, and striving to save the world from imminent destruction. Every game is different, and the strategy evolves with every new tile that hits the table.
30 tiles, 50 cards, 50 Byakhee, 50 Cultists, 3 Private Detectives, 3 Girl Fridays, various tokens.


HARLEM, NY – The Apollo Theater has announced that it will induct Stevie Wonder into its Apollo Legends Hall of Fame at its annual Spring Gala on Monday, June 13, 2011. The Gala Benefit Concert and Awards Ceremony brings together the best and brightest in business and entertainment to raise funds in support of the non-profit theater's remarkable legacy and its current initiatives for emerging artists and community and educational programs in New York City and beyond.
Stevie Wonder joins past inductees into the Apollo Legends Hall of Fame legendary musicians, artists, and entertainers whose path to fame included the Apollo, including Michael Jackson, Aretha Franklin, Quincy Jones, Patti Labelle, Smokey Robinson, James Brown, Gladys Knight and the Pips, Little Richard, and Ella Fitzgerald. Each Apollo Legends Hall of Fame Inductee is honored with a plaque installed in the Apollo Walk of Fame, installed under the Theater's iconic marquee.
This event is the Apollo's largest annual fundraiser and all proceeds of the event will benefit the Apollo Theater Foundation, Inc., a tax-exempt, 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization, dedicated to preserving and developing the Apollo Theater and its initiatives for performing artists, educational programs, and community outreach efforts in New York City and beyond.
The Apollo Theater is one of Harlem's, New York City's, and America's most iconic and enduring cultural institutions. Since introducing the first Amateur Night contests in 1934, the Apollo Theater has played a major role in cultivating artists and in the emergence of innovative musical genres including jazz, swing, bebop, R&B, gospel, blues, soul, and hip-hop. Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan, Billie Holiday, Sammy Davis, Jr., James Brown, Michael Jackson, Bill Cosby, Gladys Knight, Luther Vandross, D'Angelo, Lauryn Hill, and countless others began their road to stardom on the Apollo's stage. Based on its cultural significance and architecture, the Apollo Theater received state and city landmark designation in 1983 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


Back to old school Mugleston's blood. This is a beautiful Beast daughter, produced right here at muglestons. She's pure old school Muglestons blood. She has perfect temperament and a gorgeous physique. She actually looks a lot like Beasts father Boogie. She has cheek bones for days and looks like she has tennis balls stuffed in her cheeks. Tipping the scales at just over 120lbs of nothing but muscle with no fat at all. Look for this girl to straight produce.


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Lula says he will seek Mercosur to reach an agreement with the EU in six months
ODSPAULSep 21 – The Brazilian presidential candidate, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, said on Wednesday that if he is elected in October, he will seek the South American bloc Mercosur to reach an agreement with the European Union within six months.
Lula, who is ahead in opinion polls, told the Canal Rural radio station that Brazil needed the trade agreement and should export as much as possible, especially in the grain production sector.
Last month, sources told Reuters that EU representatives had approached the Brazilian government to revive talks with the Mercosur bloc, made up of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
According to a Brazilian official, the contact came amid rapid changes in global supply chains in the wake of the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, which have increased Brazil's influence as an agricultural powerhouse.
Negotiations for a deal were completed in 2019, but environmental concerns stalled the pact before it was approved by the legislatures of EU member states.
A recent poll showed former President Lula widening his lead over incumbent Jair Bolsonaro ahead of a first round of elections on Oct. 2.
Read Also: Do not miss it! Qva Libre in concert on September 16 in Miami


text:
DIAGNOSTIC_TOOLTIP = "Diagnostic table tooltip"
DIFFERENCE_TOOLTIP = "Difference table tooltip"
PAYROLL_TOOLTIP = "Payroll info tooltip"
INCOME_TOOLTIP = "Income info tooltip"
BASE_TOOLTIP = "Base plan tooltip"
REFORM_TOOLTIP = "Reform plan tooltip"
EXPANDED_TOOLTIP = "Expanded income tooltip"
ADJUSTED_TOOLTIP = "Adjusted income tooltip"
INCOME_BINS_TOOLTIP = "Income bins tooltip"
INCOME_DECILES_TOOLTIP = "Income deciles tooltip"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Dori, have you met Nelsi?
I'd like you to meet Liza.
I'd like you to Mr John Kay.
I'd like to introduce to you Betty.
I'd like to introduce you to Mrs Nuria Gomez.
Leila, this is Paul. Paul, this is Leila.
Dori is speaking to her new salon manager and her assistant.
Hello. My name is Nelsi Kay, the salon manager.
Hello, I'm Dori New. Pleased to meet you Mrs Kay.
Miss New, this is John Help, my assistant. He is your boss and responsible for the Barber store.
Miss New, I'm delighted to meet you.
Nice to meet you Mr Help.
Miss New, welcome to our team.
"How do you do?" isn't really a question; it just means "Encantado".
When introducing yourself or other people in a formal way use title plus name and surname. You can use title plus surname as well.


The All new 2017 Honda Ridgeline now comes in 5 different trims: LX, Sport, EX-L, Touring, and Black Edition. Just like many of Honda's new releases this year, visually the Ridgeline looks similar to its 2016 model. However the Ridgeline comes equipped with a V6 3.5L 280 HP engine. You might think that this new Ridgeline is more of a car in a truck body; shorter bed length, fast top speed, and aerodynamic design. However, the Ridgeline stacks up quite well against its competitors in the more "heavy duty" categories as well. With a 64 inch bed length and the 262lb's of torque the 2017 Ridgeline creates the balance between a comfortable car, and a heavy duty pick up.
The Ridgeline really does it all, so make sure you keep it at the top of your mind when in the market for a perfect hybrid between a truck and a car.
If interested in a 2017 Honda Ridgeline come test drive a brand new one today at Image Honda. 155 Centennial Pkwy N, Hamilton. If you are looking for more information on a 2017 Honda Ridgeline visit www.imagehonda.com or call 905-561-4100.
This entry was posted in Honda, Image Honda, Trucks, Uncategorized and tagged Car Blogs, cars, Hamilton, Honda, honda ridgeline by Hamilton Auto Blog. Bookmark the permalink.


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Select list(s) to subscribe to Subscribed
Example: Yes, I would like to receive emails from Aria Pharmaceuticals. (You can unsubscribe anytime)
By submitting this form, you are consenting to receive marketing emails from: Aria Pharmaceuticals, 265 Cambridge Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94306, http://www.ariapharmaceuticals.com/. You can revoke your consent to receive emails at any time by using the SafeUnsubscribe® link, found at the bottom of every email. Emails are serviced by Constant Contact
Pharmaceutical Technology: Technology as a New Evolution in Fighting Disease
Advancing the use of AI to understand the whole of a disease can reveal drug development insights that lead to drug discovery breakthroughs.
More Progress, with More Confidence
In 2022, Aria Pharmaceuticals made significant headway on nearly every front in our mission to bring novel and needed treatments into the clinic. It's been a busy, productive and most of all rewarding 12 months.
Drug Target Review: How many drug discovery breakthroughs have we missed
Today's drug screening methods use one or two types of data. However, disease biology is not replicable by simple screening models because diseases are complex and heterogenous. Yet, advanced screening methods that process dozens of data sources at one time have uncovered novel hits that have been overlooked across the entire history of medicine. In this article, Dr Aaron Daugherty, Vice President of Discovery at Aria Pharmaceuticals, shares evidence of how we might be missing potential breakthrough therapies.
Rare Disease Advisor: New Data Support the Efficacy of TXR-1002 for IPF Treatment
Rare Disease Advisor reports on Aria's preclinical results for TXR-1002 in IPF
Pulmonary Fibrosis News: Treatment Candidate TXR-1002 Reduces IPF Rat Model Lung Fibrosis
Pulmonary Fibrosis News reports on Aria's preclinical results for TXR-1002 in IPF
Aria Pharmaceuticals Presents Positive In Vivo Data on Lead Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment Candidate
Aria Pharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical company focused on bringing first-in-class small molecules to market, today announced that its lead candidate for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), TXR-1002, demonstrated significant efficacy in new preclinical research. TXR-1002 represents a completely new novel mechanism of action for the potential treatment of IPF. Data was presented at the 6th Annual Antifibrotic Drug Development Summit on November 10 in Boston.
We Must Unblock the Sharing of Data
I'm actively working on advancing an innovative technology solution in biotech, AI for drug discovery. So, naturally, Matthew Herper's article "Here's Why We're Not Prepared for the Next Wave of Innovation" for STAT caught my attention.
November 29-December 1, 2022 – 6th Obesity & NASH Drug Development Summit
Aria SVP Nonclinical R&D and Chemistry Anjali Pandey presents on the novel MOAs Aria has discovered for NASH shares preclinical results.
November 9-11, 2022 – 6th Antifibrotic Drug Development Summit
Aria SVP Nonclinical R&D and Chemistry Anjali Pandey presents on the novel MOAs Aria has discovered for NASH and IPF and shares preclinical results for both programs.
October 19: XtalPi – Fundamentals of Drug Discovery
Aria VP of Discovery Aaron Daugherty presents on the fundamentals of drug discovery and Aria's Symphony platform.
October 19-20, 2022 – Discovery on Target – 4th Annual NASH and Fibrosis Summit: Discovery and Preclinical Validation of Therapeutic Leads with Novel MOAs for NASH and IPF
October 12, 2022 – AI in Pharma – Discovery: Leveraging AI for Drug Discovery
Aria VP Discovery Aaron Daugherty will present on how Aria leverages AI for drug discovery, detailing how the platform reveals new biology to discover new therapies.
Biospace: Aria Pharmaceuticals Secures Six Provisional Patents for Pipeline Candidates
Biospace's Alex Keown reports on Aria Pharmaceuticals' news on six provisional patents filed in three diseases
Aria Pharmaceuticals Advances Pipeline with Six Provisional US Patents Filed Across Three Diseases
Aria Pharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical company focused on bringing first-in-class small molecules to market, announced that the company has successfully filed a total of six provisional patents with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for lead candidates in its lupus, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) research programs.
September 19-20, 2022 – Fierce Biotech Summit: Leverage AI and ML to Advance Discovery and Accelerate Drug Development
Aria Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin joins a panel to discuss how artificial intelligence has the potential to identify molecules and bring them to clinic faster.
Fierce Biotech: Fierce Next Gen: Biopharma begins to hand AI the keys to the research car
Fierce Biotech's Conor Hale explores how the biopharma industry has started to prove that AI-designed molecules can leapfrog traditional methods.
Technology Networks: Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery: An Evolution, Not a Revolution
This article written by Aria Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin explores the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery and development and how it is an evolution in technology rather than an evolution.
June 29, 2022 – Fierce Biotech Next Gen Summit: AI in Drug Discovery Grows Up
Aria Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin joins a panel to discuss how artificial intelligence has been hailed as a game-changer in drug discovery for years—and now, it might actually be changing the game.
June 7, 2022 – Fierce Biotech Webinar: Fail Faster: How Biopharma Companies Can Capitalize on Early Drug Development Failures
Aria Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin will be a featured speaker discussing the benefits and challenges of a fail fast strategy.
Forbes: Closing The Disconnect Between Technology And Social Good
This article explores how technology, and its potential, can be used for social good.
Drug Target Review: An equal seat at the table for AI in pharmaceutical discovery
This article explores the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery and development, discussing the obstacles holding back wider adoption. Dr Mark Eller, Senior Vice President of Research and Development at Aria Pharmaceuticals, makes the case that to succeed, AI must be integrated as a partner alongside core pharmaceutical R&D disciplines.
Apr 18-21, 2022: 17th Annual Drug Discovery Chemistry
Aria Pharmaceuticals VP Discovery Aaron C Daugherty will be a featured speaker discussing how Aria leverages AI for drug discovery
Moving the dialogue forward: The need for better AI integration in drug discovery
There has never been more discussion about the usefulness, and proper use of, artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery. When Aria first started utilizing AI as a tool in the early drug discovery process, much of that conversation centered on AI as a panacea that will revolutionize healthcare. Not a useful conversation and not a practical use of AI.
VIDEO: Biotech Showcase 2022
Aria Pharmaceuticals
Feb 23-24, 2022: Precision in Drug Discovery & Preclinical Summit
EBR: AI Does Not Drive Novel Discovery, Science Does
The pharmaceutical industry is increasingly adopting the use of AI in its search for new drugs. But how will the industry respond to the example of the auto industry, and how should the use of AI interact with the traditional scientific process? This article is taken from European Biopharmaceutical Review January 2022, pages 56-57. © Samedan Ltd
Biospace: Aria Deploys AI Differently to Drive New Insights
Aria Pharmaceuticals is using a unique computational approach to drug development that has increased its success rate by 30-fold when compared to traditional approaches. This improvement was instrumental in developing the 18-compound pipeline at this preclinical stage, small molecule company.
Fierce Biotech Webinar: Improving the discovery of novel drugs with artificial intelligence
Aria Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin will be a featured speaker discussing the improvement of the discovery of novel drugs with artificial intelligence on Feb 3, 2022.
Pulmonary Fibrosis News: Top 10 Pulmonary Fibrosis Stories of 2021
Pulmonary Fibrosis News brought you daily coverage throughout 2021 of the latest scientific findings, treatment developments, and clinical trials related to pulmonary fibrosis (PF). As a reminder of what mattered most to you during the past year, here are the top 10 most-read articles of 2021, with a brief description of what made them interesting and relevant to the PF community. We look forward to reporting more of this relevant news to patients, family members, and caregivers dealing with this disease during 2022.
Biotech Showcase 2022
Aria Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin presents the latest from Aria at Biotech Showcase on January 10, 2022.
A Transformational Year for Aria
2021 was a year of growth and transformational change at Aria Pharmaceuticals. In recognition of our continued evolution, we announced a rebrand to a new name that reflects the artistry and complexity that defines how our company and scientific teams approach medicine, from discovery to clinical research to FDA approval, while always keeping the science our number one priority.
Innovation in Drug Research and Development for Prevalent Chronic Diseases: Proceedings of a Workshop (2021)
Event, In the News
Half of all Americans live with at least one chronic disease, such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, or diabetes. Chronic diseases—which are, broadly defined, health conditions that persist for 1 year or longer, that typically require ongoing medical attention, and that can interfere with the activities of daily living (CDC, 2021b)—are a major health concern in the United States and around the world. Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the United States and are a leading driver of health care costs (CDC, 2021a).
A New Era of Hope for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is devastating. It causes lung tissue scarring that becomes thicker over time, causing chronic pain and difficulty breathing. However, it's not just the physical toll of the disease that impacts patients, it's also a significant decline in quality of life.
Why Aria Pharmaceuticals is upbeat about two novel IPF treatment candidates
Small molecule drug developer Aria Pharmaceuticals (Palo Alto, Calif.) recently revealed that two investigational treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), TXR-1002 and TXR-1007, demonstrated promising results in preclinical research.
Aria Reports Positive Preclinical Data for 2 New IPF Treatments
TXR-1002 and TXR-1007, two new therapeutic candidates for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) from Aria Pharmaceuticals, demonstrated significant efficacy at reducing tissue scarring and good tolerability in a mouse model of the disease
Aria Pharmaceuticals announces positive in vivo data for two idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis candidates
Small molecule drug developer Aria Pharmaceuticals (Palo Alto, Calif.) has announced that two investigational treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), TXR-1002 and TXR-1007, demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in preclinical research.
Aria Pharmaceuticals Presents Positive In Vivo Data Showing Two Novel Treatment Candidates Demonstrated Positive Efficacy and Tolerability in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Compared to Standard of Care
TXR-1002 and TXR-1007, demonstrated significant efficacy and excellent tolerability in preclinical studies.
Seeking Intelligence Beyond the buzz, is AI just another research tool?
Andrew Radin is interviewed for a Special Report in the July/August Issue of Drug Discovery News
5th Annual IPF Summit: August 25-27, 2021
Aria Pharmaceuticals SVP Anjali Pandey presents the latest IPF data at the 5th Annual IPF Summit
Moneyball Medicine: The Legacy of Stanford's Biomedical Informatics Program
Harry traveled to the San Francisco Bay Area this summer, and while there he interviewed the co-founders of three local data-driven diagnostics and drug discovery startups, all of whom participated in the same graduate program: the Biomedical Informatics Program at Stanford's School of Medicine.
What's In A Name? Artistry and Sound Science!
Since we have now rebranded twoXAR Pharmaceuticals as Aria Pharmaceuticals, I'm often asked "Why that name?" The dictionary defines the word "aria" as a long musical piece typically written for a solo voice with orchestral accompaniment in an opera, a theatrical work which combines drama, music, song and dance. You might be wondering, what does drug discovery and development have to do with opera?
BIO Digital 2021: June 10-11 & June 14-18, 2021
Aria Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin presents at BIO Digital 2021.
Andrew Radin Orchestrates His AI Discovery Platform's Pivot to R&D with a Harmonious Name Change and Eyes on the Clinic
As the company transitions from partnering on drug discovery research to advancing its own pipeline, it's changing its name to Aria Pharmaceuticals.
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals Rebrands as Aria Pharmaceuticals, Provides Pipeline Update and Announces New Therapeutic Development Strategy
Aria Pharmaceuticals will transition from drug discovery partnerships to advancing its own novel therapies in an expanding pipeline across 18 different therapeutic programs.
R&D Is Changing And I'm On Board
I recently authored an article in Life Science Leader discussing my own misperceptions and preconceived notions about applying AI to an extremely challenging and complex process, drug discovery. Like many, my 30-year career in pharmaceuticals was rooted in the tried-and-true methodology of the traditional R&D process, with wins few and far between. But my dissatisfaction for the lengthy and often unsuccessful process to bring new molecules to market reached a heightened sense of urgency in 2017 when I started consulting for twoXAR and realized there might be a better way. I wanted to take a moment here and share what exactly drove me to the conviction I now have.
WuXi Healthcare Forum: March 15–18, 2021
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin and SVP of Business Development Allen Poirson host a CEO Roundtable.
3rd Annual CKD Summit
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals SVP of Nonclinical R&D & Chemistry Anjali Pandey presents preclinical data for novel leads in chronic kidney disease.
VIDEO: National Academies: Innovation in Drug Research and Development for Chronic Diseases
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew A. Radin presents in a session on new technologies enabling discovery research.
Innovation in Drug Research and Development for Prevalent Chronic Diseases – A Virtual Workshop: Part 1
My Journey From Skepticism To Conviction Regarding AI
Drug development is a complex, highly regulated practice that relies, most importantly, on experiments and their results.
2021 MIT ILP WuXi Virtual Symposium
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin presents at the MIT Startup Exchange Lightning Talk.
This Year's JPM Healthcare Conference Should Give Our Industry Confidence
Every year, for the past 39 years, the J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference has been one of the most reliable predictors of our industry's health. It's a gauge of industry innovation, deal making, funding and overall sentiment about the value of the pharmaceutical market.
Biotech Showcase: January 11–15, 2021
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin presents on the company's capabilities in discovering first-in-class small molecules.
Looking forward to 2021 at twoXAR
Without a doubt, 2020 has been a trying year. The pandemic has touched every business and every human on earth in different ways. And despite all of its tragic outcomes, it has starkly reminded me that we work in one of the most exciting and innovative industries in the world — the life sciences industry.
Using Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew A. Radin joins a webinar hosted by CM Life Sciences to discuss harnessing AI in drug discovery.
Webinar: Mark Eller
Mark Eller, Senior Vice President of R&D
Webinar: Anjali Pandey
Anjali Pandey, Senior Vice President of Nonclinical R&D and Chemistry
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals Presents Preclinical Data Demonstrating Positive Safety and Tolerability of Two Novel NASH Treatment Candidates
In vivo screening supports TRX-611 and TRX-612 as potential treatment candidates just weeks after program initiation.
Why twoXAR Pharmaceuticals Isn't Working on COVID-19
When this virus became a serious public threat at the beginning of this year, multiple AI companies shifted their focus to using AI to fight coronavirus and their approaches are varied, ranging from drug repurposing to finding novel molecules.
Will Covid-19 Be the Straw that Breaks AI's Back?
When discussing the role of AI in Covid-19, we have to reframe this conversation and look at AI as an important approach that can provide better analysis and ultimately better outcomes for patients, not as replacing the entirety of the drug discovery process or as a magic bullet for a vaccine.
EPPIC Global Presents: Role of AI/ML in Transforming and Accelerating the Drug Discovery Process
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals SVP Nonclinical R&D & Chemistry Anjali Pandey moderates a panel including twoXAR CEO Andrew Radin, along with representatives from Recursion Pharma, ATOM Consortium, and NuMedii.
MIT ILP: Precision Medicine in Oncology
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin presents on the company's capabilities in discovering first-in-class small molecules for oncology and more using AI.
Moneyball Medicine: How Drug Development Guru Mark Eller Went from AI/ML Skeptic to Supporter
Mark Eller spent 12 years at Jazz Pharmaceuticals; and is now senior vice president of research and development at twoXAR, an AI-driven drug discovery startup.
AI in the Life Sciences: 2020
When MIT mathematician Jim Simmons founded Renaissance Technologies in 1988, it was unfathomable that computers driven by algorithms might outperform top Wall Street fund managers. Today, after a more than thirty year average return of 66% per annum, the Renaissance model of applying machine learning techniques to invest in a manner that is automated, dispassionate and performed with minimal human intervention is widely accepted. Quantitative finance, as it is dubbed, has profoundly reshaped the financial industry.
Moneyball Medicine: Andrew A. Radin with Progress on twoXAR
Harry welcomes back Andrew A. Radin, CEO of the drug discovery startup twoXAR, where scientists model pathogenesis computationally to identify potential drug molecules and, ideally shaving years off the drug development process.
Oncology Tube: Part 1
Positive Preclinical Safety and Efficacy Data for Novel Investigational Cancer Treatment TXR-311
Xconomy XLS Special Report: The AI, Big Data, and R&D Boom
Through the use of artificial intelligence and concepts including machine and deep learning, the life sciences sector is seeing unprecedented levels of speed and efficiency in finding new drug candidates and pushing them towards commercialization. Yet integrating the complexity of AI and big data into healthcare still presents problems and challenges whether from a financing point of view or operationally.
Xcelerate San Francisco: The AI, Big Data and R&D Boom
AI in BioPharma
Making AI/ML Tools Scalable Across the Drug Development Lifecycle to Impact Patients.
J&J JLabs: Level Up: Leveraging AI for Drug Discovery as a Biology Startup
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin presents and joins the JLabs panel to discuss how biology startups can partner with AI companies.
Forbes AI 50: America's Most Promising Artificial Intelligence Companies
Artificial intelligence is beginning to be usefully deployed in almost every industry from customer call centers and finance to drug research. Yet the field is also plagued by relentless hype, opaque jargon and esoteric technology making it difficult for outsiders identify the most interesting companies.
Xconomy Code for Cures: Life Sciences Thrives on San Francisco's Software Heritage
Innovation in the San Francisco Bay Area may first bring to mind tech behemoths like Facebook and Google. But some drug development companies in the region say its openness to new ideas and the combination of software experience and life sciences expertise are boosting their prospects.
TXR-311 Shows Promising Preclinical Efficacy and Safety in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
The novel investigational agent TXR-311 has been selected as an in vivo candidate for the potential treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after demonstrating significant efficacy compared with the standard of care in preclinical studies, announced twoXAR Pharmaceuticals.
Xconomy: Xcelerating Life Sciences San Francisco
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO, Andrew A. Radin, joins a panel on "What's Next: Investment, Partnerships, and Pushing Life Sciences Forward".
AI In Biopharma: Making AI/ML Tools Scalable Across the Drug Development Lifecycle to Impact Patients
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO Andrew Radin joins a panel to discuss AI across the drug development lifecycle.
AACR 2020: Positive Preclinical Safety and Efficacy Data for TXR-311 in HCC
Preclinical data presented today during the virtual meeting II of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), being held June 22 – 24, 2020, shows that an investigational drug called TXR-311 demonstrated significant efficacy and good tolerability in in vivo studies for the potential treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals Presents Positive Preclinical Safety and Efficacy Data for its Novel Investigational Cancer Treatment TXR-311
In validation studies, TRX-311 demonstrated greater activity and selectivity in killing HCC tumor cells than standard of care, sorafenib, and significantly inhibited growth in two HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models. TRX-311 also demonstrated in vivo efficacy comparable to sorafenib with good tolerability.
FROST RADAR™: Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2020
This recently released Radar determines the top 16 industry leaders excelling at innovation, poised for partnerships, and ripe for investment. The companies are recognized in the Frost Radar with insight into their innovative offerings, projected increase rates, strengths and strategies on how to be more effective in the future.
BIO International (Digital)
twoXAR CEO Andrew Radin discusses how the company approaches drug discovery.
Howard Rosen Joins twoXAR Pharmaceuticals' Board of Directors
Howard Rosen is a Veteran Pharmaceutical Leader and has Held Senior Positions at Some of the World's Top Pharmaceutical Companies.
DrugBank Fireside Chat
Fireside Chat with twoXAR: Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals VP Discovery, Aaron Daugherty, joins DrugBank CEO Michael Wilson in an online fireside chat on using DrugBank data sources for drug discovery.
Two leads for the Potential Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Demonstrated Significant Efficacy and Excellent Tolerability in Preclinical Studies
Twoxar Pharmaceuticals Inc., of Mountain View, Calif., said that two leads for the potential treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, TXR-711 and TXR-712, demonstrated significant efficacy and excellent tolerability in preclinical studies. The data were accepted at the 12th European Lupus Congress and published in Lupus Science & Medicine.
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals Presents Preclinical Data Demonstrating Positive Safety and Tolerability of Two Novel Lupus Drug Leads
Novel leads were identified in four weeks through twoXAR's proprietary AI platform and then evaluated through in vivo screening.
BIO-Europe Spring® Digital: March 2020
twoXAR Pharmaceuticals CEO, Andrew A. Radin, discusses the applications of AI in Drug Discovery.
Sprinting our way to 250
This week we are celebrating the release of the 250th version of our drug discovery software platform! I am so incredibly proud of the improvements our software team is constantly pushing out; it is the foundation that supports twoXAR's dedication to rapidly identifying treatments for patients in need.
1ST Biotherapeutics and twoXAR Advance Three Novel Glioblastoma Treatment Candidates into In Vivo Testing in Less Than One Year
The partnership combines shared drug discovery expertise with integrated AI to identify promising targets in half the time of traditional R&D approaches.
BIO CEO & Investor Conference: February 2020
Reframing the conversation: Drug discovery and AI at JPMorgan Chase Healthcare Conference
The JPMorgan Chase conference is centrally a finance and investor meeting. And what we've seen so far is that healthcare investors continue to bet on AI startups at an unprecedented rate. This trend is not slowing.
It's Like Nothing Else
Andrew Radin shares how twoXAR Pharmaceuticals is different. Their work is like nothing else.
2019 saw tremendous growth for twoXAR. We launched nine new disease areas, expanding to new disease programs in our focus areas of ophthalmology, immunology & inflammatory, oncology and metabolic. We ended the year with eighteen total diseases in our portfolio, six of which have been out licensed.
MIT Lightning Talk
MIT ILP Productivity in Biopharma Conference
Don't Believe the Hype: AI Not a Magic Bullet in Drug Discovery
Many believe AI is the panacea that will revolutionize the healthcare industry, and dollars are flowing into healthcare AI startups at unprecedented rates as investors make big bets on using the technology to analyze health data, improve efficiency in healthcare delivery, speed drug discovery, and offer new therapies for intractable diseases.
twoXAR Announces Appointment of Allen Poirson, Ph.D. as Senior Vice President of Biopharmaceutical Business Development
Allen's experience forging strategic alliances in the life sciences industry will be a tremendous asset to twoXAR as the company continues to partner with leading biopharmaceutical companies to discover and develop first-in-class treatments for a wide range of diseases.
twoXAR Corporate Seminar
The Applications of AI in Drug Discovery
SK Biopharmaceuticals and twoXAR Sign Collaboration Agreement to Discover and Develop First-In-Class Treatments for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
SK Biopharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical company focused on disorders of central nervous system and cancer, and twoXAR, Inc., an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven biopharmaceutical company, today announced an agreement to discover and develop first-in-class therapeutics for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
twoXAR & SK Biopharmaceuticals: Discovering and Developing First-In-Class Treatments for Lung Cancer
In the last several months, SKBP has achieved several remarkable drug development milestones, including the first FDA approval of an SKBP-discovered drug (Sunosi™, for excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea, which has been licensed to Jazz Pharmaceuticals) and FDA acceptance of their NDA submission for cenobamate, an investigational antiepileptic drug.
Ono Inks Deal with twoXAR as AI-backed Drug Discovery Trend Catches Fire in Asia
HONG KONG – Asian drugmakers are increasingly embracing the artificial intelligence (AI) technology for drug discovery. The latest example is Japanese drug developer Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., which recently entered a partnership with U.S. AI-backed biotech firm twoXAR Inc.
twoXAR & Ono Pharmaceutical: Discovering First-in-Class Drug Candidates for Neurological Diseases Together
Researching new drug candidates in neurology with Ono represents a return to our roots at twoXAR. With Ono's global history of drug development, we are confident we have found the right industry partner to work with.
Ono Pharmaceutical and twoXAR Announce Drug Discovery Research Collaboration
Ono Pharmaceutical and twoXAR announced that the companies have signed a drug discovery research collaboration to jointly discover and develop novel, efficacious treatments to address unmet medical needs in a specific neurological disease.
AI Player twoXAR Teams Up with 1ST Biotherapeutics on Glioblastoma
twoXAR and South Korea's 1ST Biotherapeutics are joining forces to discover and develop new treatments for glioblastoma, the most aggressive kind of brain cancer. Under the deal, twoXAR will identify drug candidates using its artificial intelligence platform, both partners will select promising candidates and 1ST Bio will develop them.
twoXAR & 1ST Biotherapeutics: Drug Development Collaboration to Treat Brain Cancer
Glioblastoma multiforme ("glioblastoma") is the most common and deadly form of brain cancer globally. It aggressively invades brain tissue and causes rapid onset of neurological symptoms. This invasion includes fostering a highly vascularized microenvironment and intricate interactions between tumor and non-tumor cells within the brain which promotes its growth and survival despite current treatments.
1ST Biotherapeutics and twoXAR Form Co-Development Collaboration to Discover and Develop Treatments for Glioblastoma
Under the agreement, twoXAR will use its proprietary AI technology to identify a set of drug candidates with the potential to slow, stop, or reverse the progression of glioblastoma.
Moneyball Medicine: From Validation to Pharma Pipeline—How AI is Finding the Patterns in Data
Harry interviews Andrew A. Radin, co-founder and CEO of twoXAR, an Artificial Intelligence driven drug discovery startup that unifies disparate data to identify potential disease treatments.
A Startup that Uses Software to Discover New Drugs Just Raised $10 Million
twoXAR, a startup that uses software to discover new experimental drugs, just raised $10 million USD. The Series A round was led by SoftBank.
Bioinformatics startup twoXAR bags $10M in Series A
JP Lee, managing director of SoftBank Ventures, will join Andreessen Horowitz general partner Vijay Pande on the twoXAR board of directors. Palo Alto, California-based twoXAR reached this next stage of growth thanks to $3.4 million in seed funding it picked up in 2014 in part from Andreessen Horowitz.
twoXAR Lands $10M to Ramp Up AI-Based Drug Discovery Work
Palo Alto, CA-based twoXAR has developed a drug discovery computing platform that it says is faster, less expensive, and more accurate than traditional laboratory approaches. The company claims it can identify drug candidates for testing "in weeks rather than years." The company adds that the technology has yielded potential drugs in a wide range of diseases including liver cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 2 diabetes.
twoXAR teams up with SoftBank Ventures, Andreessen Horowitz, and OS Fund to identify new treatments for patients
Traditionally, building a portfolio of drug programs requires hundreds of millions of dollars and takes many years in the biopharmaceutical industry. The convergence of available biomedical data, affordable cloud computing, and advances in algorithms is now enabling companies to build these drug portfolios for an order of magnitude less money and in a fraction of the time it traditionally takes. This is precisely what twoXAR is doing.
SoftBank Ventures Leads $10M Investment in AI-Driven Drug Discovery Company twoXAR
twoXAR, Inc., an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven biopharmaceutical company, announced today that it has raised $10 million in Series A financing led by SoftBank Ventures, a SoftBank Group early stage venture capital arm.
How Much Dirt is Too Much Dirt — Quality Metrics in Gene Expression Analysis
At twoXAR we bring together a lot of disparate data to rapidly identify disease treatments. It's through these different data that we gain our predictive power. However, more data isn't always better — not if the new data is of poor quality. In other words, quantity doesn't trump quality, and that's because of a common data science saying: bad data in = bad data out.
Practical Application of AI
Practical Application of AI in Drug Discovery & Development
AI-powered Drug Discovery Captures Pharma Interest
MIT Startup Exchange Names twoXAR to STEX25
twoXAR has been named as one of the inaugural MIT Startup Exchange (STEX) STEX25 companies. STEX25 is a select group of industry-ready startups that are actively promoted to members of the MIT Industrial Liaison Program (ILP).
Andreessen Horowitz Adds General Partner for Bio Fund
Venture firm Andreessen Horowitz said Jorge Conde has joined the firm as a general partner.
twoXAR & Santen Pharmaceutical: Seeing the power of AI in drug development
Today we announced our collaboration with Santen, a world leader in the development of innovative ophthalmology treatments. Scientists at twoXAR will use our proprietary computational drug discovery platform to discover, screen and prioritize novel drug candidates with potential application in glaucoma. Santen will then develop and commercialize drug candidates arising from the collaboration. This collaboration is an exciting example of how artificial intelligence-driven approaches can move beyond supporting existing hypotheses and lead the discovery of new drugs.
Santen and twoXAR Announce Strategic Research Collaboration to Discover New Glaucoma Treatments
twoXAR and Santen announced that the two companies have entered into a strategic research collaboration focused on the identification of new drug candidates for glaucoma.
What Does "What If" Look Like: Andrew Radin/twoXAR – TEDMED
The AI 100 & Combining Artificial Intelligence with Human Intelligence in Drug Development
Our focus is on drug development — and being one of the few biopharma companies to be included in the list, we use AI in a unique way. Where others may be using AI as the sole ingredient to enhance their respective industries, we are using it alongside a complex toolbox of data processing methods whose sum is greater than its parts.
Andrew A. Radin TEDMED Talk
twoXAR has developed the next generation of drug discovery technologies and is changing the way the biopharmaceutical industry discovers life saving treatments
The Bio Report: How TwoXAR Is Using Big Data to Accelerate Drug Discovery
It can take up to six years to accumulate enough evidence to support advancing an experimental drug into clinical development. twoXAR is working to rapidly accelerate that process through the use of Big Data and its proprietary algorithms to find screen large public and proprietary data sets to indentify new drug candidates and determine their efficacy. We spoke to Andrew Radin, co-founder and CEO of twoXAR, about the company's technology, how it's being applied today, and the evolution of the company's strategy.
The Hopeful Future of Precision Medicine
Many of us have experienced the pitfalls of a "one-size-fits" all approach to medicine, where physicians prescribe treatment for the "average patient" instead of the one sitting in front of them. By not accounting for the variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle that are often so closely tied to health and illness, treatments end up falling short and sometimes do more harm than good. Fortunately, the "precision medicine" movement, which takes into account the patient's unique characteristics when prescribing treatment and prevention strategies, has gained traction in recent years.
Move Fast But Don't Break Things (When It Comes to Computational Biology)
The mindset of "move fast and break things", while great for code, isn't exactly great for the human body. So adding computation to biology — especially in the slow-moving pharmaceutical industry, where drug approval can take years — brings with it both opportunities (like drastically faster discovery and assessment) and challenges (the need for hard evidence, not just soft-ware). But there's more: We don't want just better outcomes for healthcare. We want better outcomes at a cheaper price.
Andreessen Horowitz Leads $3.4M Investment in twoXAR to Accelerate Discovery of New Medicines
twoXAR has raised $3.4 million in seed financing led by Andreessen Horowitz. twoXAR will use these funds to expand its engineering and commercial teams and advance the progress of new and existing partnerships focused on drug candidates for metabolic and neurological diseases.


text:
Do you want to spend more time in the Bible this year? The NIV Daily Devotional makes it easy!
neither hath oppressed any, hath not withheld the pledge, neither hath despoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry and hath covered the naked with a garment;
neither hath wronged any, hath not taken aught to pledge, neither hath taken by robbery, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;
or oppress anyone, or take anything in pledge, or commit robbery, but he gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing,
AMPC
Nor wronged anyone, nor has taken anything in pledge, nor has taken by robbery but has given his bread to the hungry and has covered the naked with a garment,
BRG
Neither hath oppressed any, hath not withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment,
He doesn't oppress anyone, hold collateral, or commit robbery. He gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing.
He doesn't cheat anyone, either by seizing collateral for loans or committing robbery. He gives his food to the hungry and clothes to the naked.
wrong others, keep pledged property or take by robbery, but gives his food to the hungry and clothing to those in need of it;
He never cheats or robs anyone and doesn't even demand security for a loan. He gives food and clothes to the poor
and hath not oppressed any, nor withholden the pledge, neither hath exercised robbery; he hath given his bread to the hungry, and covered the naked with a garment;
And hath not grieved any man, nor withholden the pledge, nor taken away with violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and covered the naked with a garment:
He does not take advantage of people. If someone borrows money from him, the good son takes something of value and then gives the other person the money. When that person pays him back, the good son gives back what he took. The good son gives food to hungry people, and he gives clothes to those who need them.
EHV
he does not exploit anyone, he does not require collateral for a loan, he does not seize another person's property by force, he gives his own food to the hungry and he covers the naked with clothing,
does not oppress anyone, exacts no pledge, commits no robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with a garment,
ESVUK
He does not ·mistreat [oppress] anyone or keep something promised ·for a loan [in pledge; as collateral] or steal. He gives bread to the hungry and ·clothes to those who have none [L covers the naked with clothing; v. 7].
Neither hath oppressed any, nor hath withheld the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment,
He doesn't oppress anyone. He doesn't keep the security for a loan. He doesn't rob anyone. He gives food to people who are hungry, and he gives clothes to those who are naked.
or oppress anyone or rob anyone. He returns what a borrower gives him as security. He feeds the hungry and gives clothing to the naked.
He does not mistreat anyone. He does not keep something promised for a loan. He does not steal. But he gives bread to the hungry people. He gives clothes to people without clothes.
doesn't oppress anyone, doesn't take possession of a debtor's pledge, or doesn't steal, but instead shares his food with the hungry, gives clothes to those who are naked,
neither oppresses any, nor withholds the pledge, neither commits robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry, and covers the naked with a garment,
AKJV
And he oppresses no one; he requires no pledge for a loan, and he does not commit robbery; he gives his bread to the hungry, and he covers the naked person with a garment.
TLB
he is fair to those who borrow from him and doesn't rob them, but feeds the hungry, clothes the needy,
"Now look: Suppose that this child has a child who sees all the sins done by his parent. The child sees them, but doesn't follow in the parent's footsteps— doesn't eat at the pagan shrines, doesn't worship the popular idols of Israel, doesn't seduce his neighbor's spouse, doesn't bully anyone, doesn't refuse to loan money, doesn't steal, doesn't refuse food to the hungry, doesn't refuse to give clothes to the ill-clad, doesn't live by impulse and greed, doesn't exploit the poor. He does what I say; he performs my laws and lives by my statutes.
nor has he oppressed anyone, has not withheld a pledge, nor has he devastated by violence, but has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;
who does not oppress anyone, or exact a pledge, or commit robbery; who gives his food to the hungry and clothes the naked;
or oppress anyone, or retain a pledge, or commit robbery, but he gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing,
He does not mistreat anyone or keep something promised for a loan or steal. He gives bread to the hungry and clothes to those who have none.
does not oppress anyone or keep what has been given in pledge, does not commit robbery, gives his food to the hungry and clothes the naked,
He does not treat anyone badly. He does not make people give him something to prove they will pay back what they owe him. He does not steal. Instead, he gives his food to hungry people. He provides clothes for those who are naked.
He does not oppress anyone or require a pledge for a loan. He does not commit robbery but gives his food to the hungry and provides clothing for the naked.
NIVUK
He does not oppress anyone or require a pledge for a loan. He does not commit robbery, but gives his food to the hungry and provides clothing for the naked.
Has not oppressed anyone, Nor withheld a pledge, Nor robbed by violence, But has given his bread to the hungry And covered the naked with clothing;
NLV
or make it hard for anyone. He does not keep what another man has given him in trust for a promise. He does not steal, but he gives his bread to the hungry and clothing to those who have none.
He does not exploit the poor, but instead is fair to debtors and does not rob them. He gives food to the hungry and provides clothes for the needy.
does not wrong anyone, exacts no pledge, commits no robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with a garment,
NRSVA
NRSVACE
NRSVCE
OJB
Neither hath oppressed any ish, hath not withheld the chavol (pledge), neither hath spoiled by a robber's violence, but hath given his lechem to the hungry, and hath covered the eirom (naked) with a garment,
does not wrong any one, exacts no pledge, commits no robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with a garment,
nor does he wrong anyone, take pledged property or commit robbery, but he gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with a garment,
He does not persecute or abuse anyone; he gives back a debtor's collateral and does not seize poorer men's properties. He tends to the poor; he clothes the naked, gives his bread to the hungry,
hasn't wronged any, hasn't taken anything to pledge, hasn't taken by robbery, but has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;
WYC
and maketh not sorry a man, withholdeth not a wed, and ravisheth not raven, giveth his bread to the hungry, and covereth the naked with a cloth; (and maketh not any person sorrowful, withholdeth not a pledge, and robbeth not any spoils, but giveth his bread to the hungry, and covereth the naked with a cloak;)
A man -- he hath not oppressed, A pledge he hath not bound, And plunder he hath not taken away, His bread to the hungry he hath given, And the naked he covered with a garment,
Ezekiel 18:15Ezekiel 18:17
21st Century King James Version (KJ21) Copyright © 1994 by Deuel Enterprises, Inc.; American Standard Version (ASV) Public Domain (Why are modern Bible translations copyrighted?); Amplified Bible (AMP) Copyright © 2015 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, CA 90631. All rights reserved.; Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC) Copyright © 1954, 1958, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1987 by The Lockman Foundation; BRG Bible (BRG) Blue Red and Gold Letter Edition™ Copyright © 2012 BRG Bible Ministries. Used by Permission. All rights reserved. BRG Bible is a Registered Trademark in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office #4145648; Christian Standard Bible (CSB) The Christian Standard Bible. Copyright © 2017 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission. Christian Standard Bible®, and CSB® are federally registered trademarks of Holman Bible Publishers, all rights reserved. ; Common English Bible (CEB) Copyright © 2011 by Common English Bible; Complete Jewish Bible (CJB) Copyright © 1998 by David H. Stern. All rights reserved. ; Contemporary English Version (CEV) Copyright © 1995 by American Bible Society; Darby Translation (DARBY) Public Domain (Why are modern Bible translations copyrighted?); Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition (DRA) Public Domain (Why are modern Bible translations copyrighted?); Easy-to-Read Version (ERV) Copyright © 2006 by Bible League International; Evangelical Heritage Version (EHV) The Holy Bible, Evangelical Heritage Version®, EHV®, © 2019 Wartburg Project, Inc. All rights reserved.; English Standard Version (ESV) The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Text Edition: 2016. Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.; English Standard Version Anglicised (ESVUK) The Holy Bible, English Standard Version Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers.; Expanded Bible (EXB) The Expanded Bible, Copyright © 2011 Thomas Nelson Inc. All rights reserved. ; 1599 Geneva Bible (GNV) Geneva Bible, 1599 Edition. Published by Tolle Lege Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in articles, reviews, and broadcasts. ; GOD'S WORD Translation (GW) Copyright © 1995 by God's Word to the Nations. Used by permission of God's Word Mission Society.; Good News Translation (GNT) Copyright © 1992 by American Bible Society; Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2009 by Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville Tennessee. All rights reserved.; International Children's Bible (ICB) The Holy Bible, International Children's Bible® Copyright© 1986, 1988, 1999, 2015 by Tommy Nelson™, a division of Thomas Nelson. Used by permission.; International Standard Version (ISV) Copyright © 1995-2014 by ISV Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTERNATIONALLY. Used by permission of Davidson Press, LLC.; Jubilee Bible 2000 (JUB) Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2010 by Life Sentence Publishing, Inc.; King James Version (KJV) Public Domain; Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV) KJV reproduced by permission of Cambridge University Press, the Crown's patentee in the UK.; Lexham English Bible (LEB) 2012 by Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software; Living Bible (TLB) The Living Bible copyright © 1971 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.; The Message (MSG) Copyright © 1993, 2002, 2018 by Eugene H. Peterson; Modern English Version (MEV) The Holy Bible, Modern English Version. Copyright © 2014 by Military Bible Association. Published and distributed by Charisma House. ; Names of God Bible (NOG) The Names of God Bible (without notes) © 2011 by Baker Publishing Group. ; New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE) Scripture texts, prefaces, introductions, footnotes and cross references used in this work are taken from the New American Bible, revised edition © 2010, 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc., Washington, DC All Rights Reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. ; New American Standard Bible (NASB) Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation; New Century Version (NCV) The Holy Bible, New Century Version®. Copyright © 2005 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.; New English Translation (NET) NET Bible® copyright ©1996-2017 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. http://netbible.com All rights reserved.; New International Reader's Version (NIRV) Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1998, 2014 by Biblica, Inc.®. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.; New International Version (NIV) Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.; New International Version - UK (NIVUK) Holy Bible, New International Version® Anglicized, NIV® Copyright © 1979, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.; New King James Version (NKJV) Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; New Life Version (NLV) Copyright © 1969, 2003 by Barbour Publishing, Inc.; New Living Translation (NLT) Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.; New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised (NRSVA) New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicised Edition, copyright © 1989, 1995 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised Catholic Edition (NRSVACE) New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicised Catholic Edition, copyright © 1989, 1993, 1995 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (NRSVCE) New Revised Standard Version Bible: Catholic Edition, copyright © 1989, 1993 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB) Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2011 by Artists for Israel International; Revised Standard Version (RSV) Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952, and 1971 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (RSVCE) The Revised Standard Version of the Bible: Catholic Edition, copyright © 1965, 1966 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; Tree of Life Version (TLV) Tree of Life (TLV) Translation of the Bible. Copyright © 2015 by The Messianic Jewish Family Bible Society.; The Voice (VOICE) The Voice Bible Copyright © 2012 Thomas Nelson, Inc. The Voice™ translation © 2012 Ecclesia Bible Society All rights reserved. ; World English Bible (WEB) by Public Domain. The name "World English Bible" is trademarked.; Wycliffe Bible (WYC) 2001 by Terence P. Noble; Young's Literal Translation (YLT) by Public Domain


text:
Bob is a lackadaisical teenager. In conversation, his responses are very limited.

Bob answers 'Sure.' if you ask him a question.

He answers 'Whoa, chill out!' if you yell at him.

He answers 'Calm down, I know what I'm doing!' if you yell a question at him.

He says 'Fine. Be that way!' if you address him without actually saying
anything.

He answers 'Whatever.' to anything else.

## Setup

Check out [Exercism Help](http://exercism.io/tracks/common-lisp) for instructions to
get started writing Common Lisp. That page will explain how to install and setup
a Lisp implementation and how to run the tests.

## Formatting

While Common Lisp doesn't care about indentation and layout of code,
nor whether you use spaces or tabs, this is an important consideration
for submissions to exercism.io. Excercism.io's code widget cannot
handle mixing of tab and space characters well so using only spaces is recommended to make
the code more readable to the human reviewers. Please review your
editors settings on how to accomplish this. Below are instructions for
popular editors for Common Lisp.

### VIM

Use the following commands to ensure VIM uses only spaces for
indentation:

```vimscript
:set tabstop=2
:set shiftwidth=2
:set expandtab
```

(or as a oneliner `:set tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 expandtab`). This can
be added to your `~/.vimrc` file to use it all the time.

### Emacs

Emacs is very well suited for editing Common Lisp and has many
powerful add-on packages available. The only thing that one needs to
do with a stock emacs to make it work well with exercism.io is to
evaluate the following code:

`(setq indent-tab-mode nil)`

This can be placed in your `~/.emacs` (or `~/.emacs.d/init.el`) in
order to have it set whenever Emacs is launched.

One suggested add-on for Emacs and Common Lisp is
[SLIME](https://github.com/slime/slime) which offers tight integration
with the REPL; making iterative coding and testing very easy.

## Source

Inspired by the 'Deaf Grandma' exercise in Chris Pine's Learn to Program tutorial. [http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/?Chapter=06](http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/?Chapter=06)

## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.


Stealing styling tips from our favorite lookbooks and beyond.
This jewelry idea is for the girl who doesn't need an of-the-moment off-the-runway piece to stand out. She's subtle in all the best ways possible and is famous for wearing something in that particular way that makes you question, "Why didn't I think of that?" Jennifer Lawrence has stepped out in long diamond necklaces cascading down the back of her Dior gowns on award show red carpets. Nicole Kidman famously wore a pendant flipped to the back in her Chanel No. 5 ads, Audrey Hepburn's Holly Golightly wore her pearl choker with the main details at the nape of her neck. Last night, Cara Delevingne wore her De Grisogono jewels tossed over her shoulder, taking the risk that the necklace wouldn't be photographed from the front, but inviting whispers of "we hate to see you leave, Cara, but we love to watch you walk away." We recently saw new fine jewelry designer Ilana Ariel's lookbook featuring delicate chain necklaces layered and worn backwards—thereby making the look viable for the every woman—no red carpet required. It certainly begs the question, 'Why just wear one, when you can wear three?'.


This necktie embodies what Spring represents. With the birth of daisy-like flowers on your chest, you'll be carrying the season with you always. We love this elegant design paired with a dashing and yet comfortable look. Add a tweed jacket or a simple cotton cardigan to allow the spirit of this tie to flow into what you're wearing.
This cotton print tie in blue and orange is made from Blackbird's finest cotton, which gives it the feel of one of your softest sweaters. It is also made with a modern width of 2.75 inches, so it is slimmer than your average necktie.


text:
Category: Sanhedrin
Sanhedrin 77b: Turning on an Electric Switch on Shabbos
August 6, 2020 August 6, 2020 YCLeave a comment
Sanhedrin 77b: Rava said: If a murderer shot an arrow at his victim, and the victim was holding a shield, and someone came and took it away, or even if the murderer himself came and took it away, he is exempt from punishment, because at the time he shot the arrow there was something blocking it.
Rav Papa said: If a murderer tied down his victim and then opened a water stream over him, it is as if he shot an arrow at him and he is liable.
סנהדרין עז ע"ב: ואמר רבא: זרק חץ, ותריס בידו, ובא אחר ונטלו, ואפילו הוא קדם ונטלו ־ פטור, דבעידנא דשדייה ביה ־ מיפסק פיסקיה גיריה.
אמר רב פפא: האי מאן דכפתיה לחבריה ואשקיל עליה בידקא דמיא ־ גירי דידיה הוא, ומיחייב. הני מילי ־ בכח ראשון, אבל בכח שני ־ גרמא בעלמא הוא.
In 1934, Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski was asked about electric lights on Shabbos. He was shown a journal called Beis Vaad Lachachamim, printed in New York in 1903, in which there appeared a short letter by Rabbi Yechiel Michel Halevi Epstein, author of the Aruch Hashulchan. The Aruch Hashulchan argued that it should be permitted to turn on an electric light on Yom Tov because the fire is already present in the wires. Then he added a second argument that would apply to Shabbos too: when one turns on the switch, he is not creating the fire, only allowing it to reach the bulb, which would be considered "grama" (an indirect action). The Gemara in Shabbos 120b quotes the posuk, "You shall not do any work," and says, "Doing is forbidden, but indirectly causing is permitted." Thus one may make a wall of barrels full of water around a fire, so that when the fire reaches them it will be extinguished.
Reb Chaim Ozer explains that the Aruch Hashulchan's second argument seems to be based on the Gemara in Sanhedrin 77b, which says that the one who took away the shield, allowing the arrow to hit the victim, is exempt. So too, when one turns on a light switch, he is not creating the electric power that goes to the bulb. That power is already in the wires, ready to shoot out. He is just bridging the gap in the circuit.
However, argues Reb Chaim Ozer, the electricity is more similar to the other case in that Gemara, in which someone opens a water stream to kill his victim. The Yad Ramah explains the difference between the two cases: At the time one removes the shield, the arrow is not here yet, but at the time one removes the obstacle in the water stream, the water is pressing up against the obstacle, ready to flow. Here too, the electricity is in the wire ready to flow as soon as the gap is bridged; so it is not "grama".
Furthermore, even if we were to consider turning on the switch a "grama", not every "grama" is exempted on Shabbos. The Gemara says in Bava Kama 60a says that winnowing the grain is an act of work on Shabbos, even though the person is just throwing the grain into the air and the wind is doing the job of separating out the chaff. Based on this, the Even Haozer (Orach Chaim 328) argues that pouring wheat into a grinder powered by a water wheel is an act of work (not as the Magen Avraham rules in Orach Chaim 252:20). The rule is that if one is doing the work normally, and the other power helping him (wind, water etc.) is part of his plan, then the Torah categorizes it as work, unlike the case of putting out a fire with a wall of full barrels, which is a unusual method, resorted to on the spur of the moment. Therefore, turning on an electric switch, though it may be "grama", is the normal way, and would therefore be forbidden.
Source: Achiezer v. 3 siman 60
Sanhedrin 24b: Giving a Name that you Promised to Give
April 26, 2020 YCLeave a comment
Sanhedrin 24b: Gambling is forbidden because a person who bets does not really mean it; he is only playing because he hopes he will win. Therefore when the loser pays the winner, the winner is stealing.
סנהדרין כד ע"ב: משחק בקוביא מאי קא עביד? ־ אמר רמי בר חמא: משום דהוה אסמכתא, ואסמכתא לא קניא.
Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman, rosh yeshiva of Ner Yisroel of Baltimore, was born in Dolhinov in 1901. His mother, Sheineh, was a daughter of Yaakov Puterfas, who was also R' Yaakov Kamenetsky's mother's uncle and namesake.
Rav Ruderman told his nephew, R' Ezra Neuberger, that he had called himself Yitzchok Yaakov until the age of 13, when he joined the Slabodka Yeshiva in its World War I exile in Minsk, at which time R' Yaakov Kamenetsky was there. R' Yaakov, who was ten years Rav Ruderman's senior, recalled the exact name given at his bris, and told him to place Yaakov before Yitzchok.
Reb Yaakov related that when R' Yaakov Yitzchok's mother was with child, she was visited by a friend who told her that she could not name a son after her father, Yitzchok, because one of her husband's two names was Yitzchok. So she asked Sheineh to name her child Yitzchok, if it would be a boy. Having already given birth to seven girls and expecting another girl, she agreed. When a boy was born and she wanted to name him for her own father, Yaakov, the question arose whether she was obligated to keep her promise to the other woman.
The Rov of Dolhinov, Rabbi Mandel Ber Shachnovitch, ruled that the baby be given two names. The order of the two names was important to R' Yaakov because among Ashkenazim, unlike among Sephardim, the second of double names was dominant. Thus the order of the names would indicate whether the Rav of Dolhinov considered Sheineh's promise binding, or merely proper to keep but non-obligatory.
[Since the name "Yitzchok" was second, the Rov clearly considered the promise binding. It must be that although we hold אסמכתא לא קניא – a promise made where it is possible one won't have to keep it is not a promise – that is only when it's obvious from the circumstances that the gambler doesn't want to lose the bet. But here, why would anyone think she made the promise only because she didn't think it would be a boy anyway? Therefore the promise was binding.
The Sefer Shma Garim (p. 211) quotes Rav Shach as saying that if someone decided to name a baby after his father, and then one of the gedolei hador passes away and he prefers to name after him, he must be matir neder, because a promise to do a mitzvah (of kibud av) has the status of a vow. In our case, naming after the other woman's father would not be a mitzvah and no hataras nedarim would be necessary. Still, the promise was binding.
It's not clear what Reb Yaakov's source was for saying that the second name is dominant. We know that when adding a name to a sick person, the added name always comes first. But on the contrary, that might be because we want the new name to be the main one.]
Source: Making of a Godol pp. 116-117
Sanhedrin 12a: The Skull Under the Mizbeyach
February 7, 2020 February 7, 2020 YCLeave a comment
Sanhedrin 12a: The Sages say that Beis Din should not add an extra month to the year to allow time for tamei people to become clean before Pesach, but rather they should make Pesach with tumah. Rabbi Yehuda disagrees and holds it is better to add the month. And this was the story with Chizkiyah, king of Yehuda: he added a month due to tumah.
Tosafos: What was the tumah in the case of Chizkiyah? The Yerushalmi says that they found the skull of Aravna the Yevusi under the mizbeyach.
סנהדרין יב ע"א: תנו רבנן: אין מעברין את השנה מפני הטומאה, רבי יהודה אומר: מעברין. אמר רבי יהודה: מעשה בחזקיה מלך יהודה שעיבר את השנה מפני הטומאה. תוס': ובירושלמי אמר דגולגלתו של ארונה היבוסי מצאו תחת המזבח.
After the shaitel controversy in 2004, Rabbi Ahron Dovid Dunner went to Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky and asked, "Sometimes it happens that there is a 'tummel' and we find out that everyone has been doing something wrong for a long time. Is there a precedent in Chazal for such a thing?" R' Chaim replied, "The Yerushalmi says that they found a skull buried under the mizbeyach." That meant all the avodah in the Beis Hamikdash for the last 300 or so years had been invalid and forbidden. You can't imagine more of an upset than that.
[The Tzion Yerushalayim (on the page of the Yerushalmi Pesachim 64a) asks that Aravna was a non-Jew and we hold that the graves of non-Jews are not metamei. He says to look in the Mishneh Lamelech on Beis Habechirah 1:13. There the Rambam writes:
המזבח אין עושין אותו אלא בנין אבנים גזית וזה שנאמר בתורה מזבח אדמה תעשה לי שיהיה מחובר באדמה שלא יבנוהו לא על גבי כיפין ולא על גבי מחילות.
"The mizbeyach must be built of hewn stones. And although the Torah says, 'You shall make Me an altar of earth,' that does not mean that the actual mizbeyach should be made of earth, only that it must be connected to the earth, not built atop domes or tunnels."
The source for this Rambam is the Gemara in Zevachim 58a. The Mishneh Lamelech points out that we see here that the mizbeyach was different from all other areas of Har Habayis, which were in fact built on top of underground domes to prevent any tumah from coming up. This is stated by the Rambam in Hilchos Parah Adumah 2:7:
שכל הר הבית והעזרות תחתיהן היה חלול מפני קבר התהום.
And his source for this is the Mishnah in Parah 3:3.
The Mishneh Lamelech says that now that we have established that there was no separating dome under the mizbeyach to block the tumah, we understand why it was such a problem when they found the skull of Aravna the Yevusi.
The question is: Dovid bought the field from Aravna when he, Aravna, was still alive, so how could he have been buried there? And even if we say that David let Aravna continue to live there until the Beis Hamikdash was built, why would he have been allowed to be buried there, given that they were planning to build the Beis Hamikdash?
In Makos 11a we read the story of how Dovid Hamelech dug the Shisin (the tank under the mizbeyach into which the wine of the nesachim ran). Water from underground began spraying upward in a geyser, and he asked Achisofel whether it was allowed to write the name of Hashem and block the hole. Rashi asks: Achisofel died during the rebellion of Avshalom, three years before Dovid bought the Temple Mount. He answers that many years earlier Dovid had already figured out with Shmuel where the Beis Hamikdash would be, and he dug the Shisin with permission from Aravna.
Accordingly, it may be that Aravna fell into the Shisin, which was already dug in his time, and died. The kohanim in Chizkiyahu's time perhaps discovered it when they went down to clean the Shisin. The Gemara says (Meilah 11b) that once in 70 years, the young kohanim would go down into the Shisin and clean it out. Maybe this was not yet done regularly during the First Beis Hamikdash era.
Why wouldn't the empty space in the Shisin be a separation to stop the tumah from going up? Maybe it was originally, but after it became full of dried up wine the space was filled.
Based on Pesachim 81b, the tzitz atones for tumah of the tehom – tumah that no one knows about. If so, we have two reasons to argue that all the offerings brought before Chizkiyah's time were not invalid: 1) The Shisin originally had a hollow space above the skull, 2) The tzitz atoned.
If there is a rule that the mizbeyach must not be built over empty space, then why was it allowed to have the Shisin? The answer may be that only man-made domes are forbidden, but the Shisin was a natural cave, created in the six days of creation (Succah 49a) and all Dovid Hamelech did was clear out the loose dirt and pebbles from it (Rashi Succah 53b).
Today there is a cave under the rock in the Dome of the Rock. Rabbi Leibel Reznick has proposed that the rock, as the original peak of the mountain and the only place there not built on domes, is the place of the mizbeyach. The cave under it would then be the Shisin. There is a large, round marble slab on the floor of the cave, and it is said that this slab covers the entrance to another cave below. The Radbaz writes (Teshuva 691) that he heard from Arabs that the earlier kings wanted to see what was in the cave, so they lowered people down, and they died. (Presumably the people who died were pulled back up, so we won't have to worry about skulls down there when moshiach comes.) Therefore they closed off the cave and filled it with dirt, and to this day no one knows what is there.
In 1865 Captain Charles Wilson was sent with the sanction of the British War Department to survey the water supply of Jerusalem. The director of his survey writes that the hole in the bottom of the cave leads to a drain flowing down to Nachal Kidron. The Mishnah (Midos 3:2 and Yuma 5:6) indeed says that the blood flowed down from the base of the mizbeyach into a drain leading to Nachal Kidron.]
Source: Tape by Rabbi Ahron Dovid Dunner; The Holy Temple Revisited by Leibel Reznick p. 113
Sanhedrin 19a: Keeping an Eye on your Children
January 23, 2020 YCLeave a comment
Sanhedrin 19a: Rabbi Yosi in Tzipori made a law that a woman may not walk in the street with her son behind her, because of a story that happened. Rashi: A boy was kidnapped and taken into a house, and when the mother began to cry, one of the kidnappers offered to help and show her where her son went. When she entered the house, they raped her.
סנהדרין יט ע"א: ואמר רמי בר אבא: התקין רבי יוסי בציפורי שלא תהא אשה מהלכת בשוק ובנה אחריה, משום מעשה שהיה. פירש רש"י:  שגנבוהו פריצים מאחריה ונתנוהו בבית, וכשחזרה ולא ראתהו, התחילה צועקת ובוכה, בא אחד מהם ואמר: בואי ואראנו ליך, ונכנסה אחריו ועינו אותה. והובא להלכה באה"ע כב,יד.
A tichel-clad young woman walked into a Judaica shop in Yerushalayim with her 1-year-old baby in a stroller. "Please, I'd like to see your finest gold menorah," she said. The saleslady pulled over a ladder and took down the $5,000 gold menorah – the most expensive item in the shop. The young lady's eyes lit up. "Wow, this is really something," she gushed. "Do you mind watching my baby while I run out and show it to my husband in the car? This is his idea, but it is a lot of money so I'd like to just double-check with him before finalizing." As the recipient of commissions on high-end items, the saleslady's eyes also lit up. "Sure, no problem."
Five minutes passed, and then ten, but the saleslady wasn't worried. After all, spending $5,000 is not a snap decision, and the young woman had left her baby there, so she would certainly be back soon.
Fifteen minutes later, a woman burst into the shop, screaming hysterically, "My baby! My baby!" This woman had left her baby unattended on the sidewalk while she entered a store, and the first lady – a professional con artist – took advantage by taking the baby, entering the Judaica shop with a tichel on her head and a baby in tow, and then absconding with the menorah.
The owner of the shop took the saleslady to a din Torah before Rabbi Yitzchok Zilberstein, claiming that she had acted irresponsibly by allowing the menorah out of the shop unsupervised. The saleslady responded that she had done exactly as the owner would have wanted her to do, and in fact what he himself would have done had he been there. After all, who would suspect that the baby had been nabbed off the street?
Harav Zilberstein paskened that the saleslady indeed had acted as the owner would have wanted, and therefore was not liable to pay. But the real guilty party in this story was the woman who had left her baby unattended. She violated the takanah of Chazal that a woman may not walk in the street with her child trailing behind her, out of her sight.
Source: Hamodia November 27, 2019
Sanhedrin 73a: Speaking lashon hara to warn someone about a shidduch
November 22, 2019 January 22, 2020 YCLeave a comment
Sanhedrin 73a: If someone sees his friend drowning in the river, or being dragged by an animal, or attacked by robbers, he must save him, as the Torah says, "Do not stand idle while your neighbor bleeds."
 סנהדרין עג ע"א: מניין לרואה את חבירו שהוא טובע בנהר, או חיה גוררתו, או לסטין באין עליו, שהוא חייב להצילו ־ תלמוד לומר לא תעמד על דם רעך.
Rabbi Yechiel Perr, rosh yeshiva of Derech Ayson of Far Rockaway, once asked his father R' Menachem his opinion about the following story: a young lady was about to become engaged when someone divulged to her parents that her intended chosson had once been institutionalized in an asylum. A fierce dispute ensued within the community as to whether the tattler was a tzaddik or a rasha. R' Menachem replied, "From this episode, you cannot tell. If his other actions are kindly, he did this out of tzidkus, and if his other actions are vicious, he did this out of rishus."
Rabbi Nosson Kamenetsky compared this question to the Gemara's analysis (Yuma 23b) of a story in which one kohein stabbed another to death in a dispute over who should have the right to do the avodah. The father of the murdered youth, finding his son in the throes of death, remarked, "My son is yet gasping, so the knife remains undefiled." Asks the Gemara: Does this comment reflect a laxity in that generation's concern with murder while its concern with purity was normal, or was it an expression of how meticulous that generation was with the purity of Temple utensils while its concern with bloodshed was at the normative level? Rabbi Chaim Shmulevitz (Sichos Mussar 5733, pp. 152-153) points out that we have an example here of how a single act or statement can reveal two diametrically opposed characteristics. That father might have personified the epitome of evil, callous even with regard to the life of his own child, or he might have been so saintly that in his moment of extreme anguish he still had the sanctity of the Beis Hamikdash in mind.
ועיין ספר חפץ חיים, ציורים, ציור שלישי: אם הוא רואה שאחד רוצה להשתדך עם אחד, וידוע לרואה הזה כי החתן יש לו חסרונות עצומים, כפי המבואר לקמן בסעיף ו מה נקרא חסרונות לענין זה, והמחותן אינו יודע מזה דבר, ואילו היה יודע לא היה מתרצה לזה, יש לגלות לו.
ובסעיף ו שם: אם החסרון הוא מצד חולי גופו, והמחותן אינו מכיר אותו מצד שהוא דבר פנימי אשר לא נגלה לכל, פשוט דאין על המגלה ענין זה חשש אסור רכילות. ושם בבאר מים חיים: שיכוין לתועלת המחותן ולא מצד שנאת החתן.
ואח"כ כתב ועוד יש אופן שני דצריך לגלות לו. היינו, אם נשמע על החתן שיש בו אפיקורסות, ח"ו, צריך לגלות לו, ועל זה נאמרו סמוכין "לא תלך רכיל בעמך" אבל "לא תעמד על דם רעך." ודייק הגרש"ז אוירבאך (נשמת אברהם אהע"ז סימן ב ס"ק א) דלעיל גבי מחלה לא כתב הח"ח שחייב לגלות, משמע דאינו חייב לגלות, רק שאין בו משום איסור רכילות.
Sanhedrin 11a: Embarrassing Someone Who Smells Bad
September 23, 2019 January 22, 2020 YCLeave a comment
Sanhedrin 11a: Rebbi was sitting and delivering a shiur, when he smelled garlic. He said, "Whoever ate garlic should leave." Rabbi Chiya got up and left, and then everyone got up and left. The next morning, Rabbi Shimon son of Rebbi met Rabbi Chiya and said to him, "Are you the one who annoyed my father?" He replied, "Such a thing should not happen in Israel."
 סנהדרין יא ע"א. כי הא דיתיב רבי וקא דריש, והריח ריח שום, אמר: מי שאכל שום ־ יצאִ, עמד רבי חייא ויצא. עמדו כולן ויצאו. בשחר מצאו רבי שמעון ברבי לרבי חייא, אמר ליה: אתה הוא שציערת לאבא? אמר לו: לא תהא כזאת בישראלִ
There was a daf yomi shiur in the city of Bat Yam at 5:30 PM, and one day a local butcher came in to attend the shiur, straight from the meat market, his hands and clothing stinking from meat. The stench was so powerful that no one was able to learn. The maggid shiur's question was: should he approach the man and ask him to take a shower and change before coming, and the shiur would be scheduled a little later, or should they just cancel the whole shiur?
From this Gemara, it seems that Rebbi held it is permitted to embarrass the smelly person, while Rabbi Chiya held to cancel the shiur. But when they asked Rabbi Ahron Leib Shteinman, his reply was in this case, even according to Rebbi it would be wrong to embarrass him. Because in Rebbi's case, who asked him to eat garlic right before the shiur? But here, the butcher was smelly because of his job and had no choice. Furthermore, if we embarrass him, who knows if we'll ever see him again. Therefore, better to cancel the whole shiur. 9
Sanhedrin 22a: Chesed in the Bathhouse
Sanhedrin 22a: No one may see the king when he is taking a haircut, when he is naked or when he is in the bathhouse, as the Torah says, "You shall surely place upon yourself a king" – his fear must be upon you.
סנהדרין כב. ואין רואין אותו כשהוא מסתפר, ולא כשהוא ערום, ולא כשהוא בבית המרחץ, שנאמר (דברים י״ז) שום תשים עליך מלך ־ שתהא אימתו עליך.
In Lublin, there was a Yid who would go to the bathhouse every Friday and distribute combs to all the people there. When the Lubliner Rav zt"l heard about it, he said, "I want to have a part in such a great mitzvah."
A certain rav heard about this and laughed it off. He quoted a Gemara, proving that there is no mitzvah in this. The Gemara (Menachos 43b) states that Dovid Hamelech went to the bathhouse and said, "Woe unto me, that I stand without mitzvos." If distributing combs would be a mitzvah, Dovid Hamelech could have done so and acquired many mitzvos in the process…
When the Lubliner Rav heard this comment, he said, "The Rav should forgive me, but it seems he forgot an explicit Mishnah, in which it says that no person may see the king while he is in the bathhouse (Sanhedrin 22a). If so, Dovid Hamelech could not have distributed combs, as there were no other people at the bathhouse while he was there."
Sanhedrin 65b: Weddings in the second half of the month
September 1, 2019 January 22, 2020 YCLeave a comment
Sanhedrin 65b: Rabbi Akiva says: The type of forbidden superstition called "m'onen" means the practice of saying that certain days are luckier than others to embark on a trip, or certain days are luckier to buy merchandise.
סנהדרין סה ע"ב תנו רבנן: מעונן… רבי עקיבא אומר: זה המחשב עתים ושעות, ואומר: היום יפה לצאת, למחר יפה ליקח.
יו"ד קע"ט ב' נהגו שאין מתחילין בב' ובד' ואין נושאין נשים אלא במילוי הלבנה.
רמ"א אה"ע ס"ד ד' ונהגו שלא לישא נשים אלא בתחילת החדש בעוד שהלבנה במלואה.
A chassidishe Yid asked Rabbi Yisroel Reisman: "Is it allowed to make a chasunah on the 28th day of Sivan? That's the only day I could find a hall available. Usually we don't make chasunos during the second half of the month, but perhaps Sivan is different."
"I don't know," replied Rabbi Reisman, "but I'll tell you a Hamakneh, written by the Baal Haflaah, Rabbi Pinchus Horowitz, who was chassidish. At the end of the sefer, in his comments on Even Hoezer 64, he asks why the Rema needs to say in Orach Chaim 551:2 that after the 17th of Tammuz we don't make chasunos – isn't that the second half of the month? He answers based on a teshuva from the Rema that the rule is that wherever he says נוהגין it means poskim taught that we should do so, but נהגו means that people just do it and we don't stop them. Here, in the case of getting married in the second half of the month, the Rema (as well as the Mechaber in Yoreh Deah) says נהגו – we allow people to keep this custom. But the Rema never says that one is obligated to keep this custom.
A while later Rabbi Reisman met the man again and asked, "So when is the chasunah?" He replied, "Tu B'av."
[It would seem that the Mechaber and Rema are telling us that it is allowed to keep this custom and there is no problem of לא לעוננו (superstition). The reason why it is not considered ניחוש and לא תעוננו is because we do it as a good sign, just as we anoint kings next to a spring (Beis Yosef, Yoreh Deah 179; Aryeh Devei Ilai Even Hoezer 18). A good sign is something that we aren't particular about, but we just do to express our prayers that things will go well. A superstition, on the other hand, would mean refusing to get married in the second half of the month no matter what.] �