Apache started life as the server software that helped the browser operate. Like the Mosaic browser, it was invented at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois.
During the National Science Foundation's (NSF) management of the research-oriented Internet (approximately 1985–1995), the agency invested $200 million dollars in creating Internet-related technology. That budget covered the costs of the Internet backbone, operational expenses, and the supercomputer centers, of which NCSA was one. Apache originated out of NCSA around 1995, so the rate of return calculations will start counting benefits after 1995.
Before the NSF programs, the defense department funded most of the early invention related to the Internet in the 1970s and early 1980s. Although the financial commitment was considerable, no historian has made a precise estimate of the size of the commitment to networking, which was one of several programs it funded. Government secrecy about budgets prevents any historian from uncovering further details.
Nonetheless, we do know something useful. The entire expenditure for the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), the agency within DARPA that funded most of the Internet, did not exceed approximately $500 million over its entire existence (1963–1986), and the funding for what became the Internet was but one of many IPTO projects. To be conservative, add another $200 million to the costs of creating the Internet, which is much more than the likely cost at that time.
This calculation includes the most direct costs for creating the Internet, and excludes numerous other costs for research. For example, this estimate of costs does not include a range of other experiments in computer science that NSF paid for (out of different budgets) and from which the general community of researchers learned.
That sets up the first cost-benefit calculation. The prior column estimated that Apache is worth between $2 and $12.2 billion dollars in 2012, 17 years later. As noted then, $2 billion and $12.2 billion are implausibly low and high. So for this cost-benefit calculation we consider two more plausible levels, $7.1 billion and $10 billion, where the former is the midpoint between the two numbers and the latter is as high as plausible.
What constant rate of growth would generate such levels of benefit after $400 million investment 17 years earlier? Using the current dollar numbers, the former generates a rate of growth of 17 percent, and the latter 19 percent. To be sure, inflation (which averaged 2 to 3 percent a year in this period) would diminish some of that gain, but the rate of return is quite high for only one output from NCSA, and there were many more benefits than just this one.
A second cost-benefit calculation examines the scale of economic growth attributable to Apache, using productivity gains from investment in software, much as discussed earlier. This is too much to show in a column; an interested reader can see the full research elsewhere, written with Frank Nagle (here or here).
Consider the question: if additional software were added to the capital stock of software, how much economic growth would it generate? In each year, it generates more income, and that continues to accumulate after 1995. Consider the total through 2012. This estimate must make assumptions about the rate of growth of Apache, which we do not observe directly.
To illustrate how this calculation works we begin with one year, the estimate for 2012. In 2012, software contributed 0.16 percent of labor productivity growth. Lest that sound small, consider that there was only 1.56 percent total labor productivity growth per year.
Software is even more impressive than it sounds. It accounts for only 3.75 percent of the income share in that year, but software makes a big contribution to productivity growth in comparison to the size of software in use.
The low and high estimates for the value of Apache would place it at 1.3 and 1.8 percent of the stock of software in 2012. Although the increase in labor productivity due to Apache has to be comparatively small, the US economy is so large that even a small improvement can yield a substantial economic gain.
In this case, we assume that labor does not increase, but only software does, and we simulate how much GDP would grow with more software. This approach estimates that additional software stock would generate a low/high estimate of $1.0 billion and $1.8 billion in additional income in 2012.
Apache also generated income in all the years between 1995 and 2012. For those estimates, we must make an assumption about the rate of growth in Apache servers over this period, which we did not observe directly. We make an estimate from public data on the growth of webpages supported by Apache over this time period.
Netcraft's public data (http://www.netcraft.com) shows webpages grow at one rate over the latter part of the 1990s, and then grow at a slower rate in the last decade, with Apache generally supporting 60 percent of all webpages. This history suggests that a constant rate of growth over all 17 years is probably slower than the true rate of growth, so we make the assumption of linear growth in order to be conservative. Next we estimate the incremental contribution of Apache for each year, just as we did for 2012.
Now we can ask: "How much economic activity did the investment in the Internet generate by 2012?" Such a calculation requires aggregating all future benefits into the same dollar units. We assume a 10 percent discount rate on the future from 1995, so we can add up the contemporary dollars. This assumption will weight short-term gains against those that come many years later. Again, that is conservative.
By that estimate, Apache generated economic activity equivalent to between $2.6 and $4.5 billion by the end of 2012. On an investment of $400 million, that is a rate of return between 10.5 and 14 percent.
There are important qualifications to this second set of estimates. First, this simulation stresses the effect of gains from the use of IT, often called capital deepening. If Apache generated productivity gains to the production of IT, the above estimates would not capture those gains.
Second, no reader should quote the rate return on Apache as precisely 10 to 14 percent. The estimate depends on assumptions, such as of linear growth and 10 percent discounting. A small increase in the rate of discount would mildly lower the rate of return, as would later growth in Apache, and, similarly, vice versa.
So why make such an estimate? These estimates provide a good sense of the scale of the gains, and small changes in those assumptions do not alter the quality of the answer. Anything in this range has to yield a large rate of return, which is the key point.
Apache is but one effect of public funding of the Internet. It is hard to measure, and therefore easy to overlook. Some detective work and calculation indicate that the return on investment for Apache was quite high. Since this is only one program, this leads us to conclude that the returns from federal R&D invested in the Internet must be underestimated.
The bigger point should not get lost in the detail. By design, government funded the research for creating the Internet because private firms would not do it, but it was regarded as beneficial for society.
After the fact, there is no way to reach any other conclusion but a positive one. One offshoot from the program, such as Apache, yielded a return that justified the entire expense.


text:
Yet More Packham Porkies
BY NIGEL BEAN
That video tweet continues to haunt Chris Packham. If you recall he made it just before Christmas and it was supposed to answer allegations made against him surrounding Tiger-Gate, as exposed by Country Squire Magazine and the Daily Mail.
These were tigers Packham, along with his girlfriend Charlotte Corney, claimed had been 'mistreated' and 'rescued' from a Spanish circus family when in fact they had been donated. Now the charity involved, The Wildheart Trust, of which Packham and Corney are key trustees, faces a fundraising inquiry after hundreds of thousands of pounds were collected on the back of various crowdfunding campaigns telling porkies. The Fundraising Regulator is investigating.
Oh, and it gets worse…
A statement regarding my fundraising efforts for Wild Justice and The Wildheart Trust .@DailyMailUK pic.twitter.com/ia7Sk2WwSG
— Chris Packham (@ChrisGPackham) December 7, 2020
At 04.24 listen to Packham's words:
"There is a more insidious rumour my partner Charlotte Corney is a beneficiary of funds".
Not wanting to take Pinocchio on his word, Field Sports Britain decided to check the charity's accounts. Lo and behold it turns out Corney did benefit from zoo funding in the form of rent that Isle of Wight zoo pays. She can take up to £68k a year if she wants, but the accounts show she doesn't always receive that full amount *. This fact is even listed as a 'conflict of interest' in the charity accounts and Chris Packham as trustee is named on those accounts – signing off with his girlfriend on crucial documents listed at Companies House related to the zoo.
Before Christmas this appeared to be the only abnormality in Packham's video testimony – aside from the tiger scams, of course. Then a week ago, an anonymous source – obviously close to Corney – contacted Country Squire Magazine with an infodump. Included in the file that was sent, there was one tip-off to say we should investigate 'the zoo car park'.
Car parks are obvious money spinners for zoos. The car park next to the Isle of Wight zoo used to be free for anyone visiting the zoo – ideally positioned in front of the zoo and next to the sea. However there was no mention of the car park at all in the charity accounts. Had car parking been incorporated into the cost of the zoo visiting tickets, then?
It turns out the car park is still privately owned but wasn't transferred over as an asset when the Isle of Wight zoo became the charity The Wildheart Trust in January 2017. Since then TripAdvisor houses a string of complaints from zoo visitors complaining of the £3.00 car park charge payable in addition to the cost of entrance to Isle of Wight zoo.
So who takes in money from this privately owned car park?
The Wildheart Trust was incorporated as a company in June 2016 before becoming a charity seven months later. By no coincidence C M CORNEY LIMITED (10268523) a company bearing the same name as Packham's girlfriend – with a certain Charlotte Michele Corney as sole director – was incorporated a few weeks later on the 8th July, 2016. The company's business is described as:
52219 – Other service activities incidental to land transportation, not elsewhere classified.
This is a generic classification but 'Car Parking' and 'Car park metering' tend to stand out in the list of available descriptions. The Isle of Wight zoo car park is managed day to day by a private contractor called Local Parking Security Ltd. Sure, the management is an overhead for the carpark owner but at £3.00 per car and with parking spaces that can hold 220 cars at any given time, the carpark still generates a tidy sum of money for Corney.
Ah, but the car park is separate from the zoo, no? That means it is separate from Wildheart Trust and nothing to do with the zoo / charity? After all, Packham has stated his girlfriend does not make a bean from the zoo.
The Isle of Wight zoo is far more involved with the carpark than it lets on:
"One tip for the car parking – it's £3 for all-day parking – but collect your ticket from the admissions desk – much easier than messing about with the machines!"
So you can pay for the car park through the zoo's admissions process? How handy! So the car park is still connected to the zoo despite the charity not mentioning the car park in its accounts or in its Charity Commission conflicts of interest column?
The plot thickens.
Interestingly, a complaint about the car park costs on TripAdvisor was answered directly by the Isle of Wight zoo:
Where are you going to park if you go to Isle of Wight zoo? In the car park that the Isle of Wight zoo is located right next to, of course – unless you're coming by boat or on a jet-ski. In the car park advertised on Isle of Wight zoo's website. In the carpark owned by Corney. In the carpark that – because of its proximity to the zoo – Corney makes money from, from Isle of Wight zoo/Wildheart Trust customers. So Corney is making money then from the zoo.
Remember Packham's words:
She gets rent and she gets car park money from zoo visitors, Pinocchio – visitors who visit the zoo to see the crowdfunded tigers. You shame The Wildheart Trust, charities, and you continue to disgrace the BBC. The Fundraising Regulator, who are investigating you and the zoo, have been informed about these latest in your long string of falsehoods, as have the Charity Commission and HMRC who must now be wondering whether the zoo transformed from a business with many issues to a charity merely to avoid paying tax. As for the BBC – tick tock.
If You have information You feel will help our Packham investigation, please get in touch here.
* We are being maybe kinder to Ms Corney than she deserves. The accounts show the following: Accounts for the period ended 31 Jan 2019: £68,000 (Section 21) Accounts for the period ended 31 Jan 2018: £39,667 (Section 19) This accounting period ran from 1 July 2017-31 Jan 2018, that is, for 7 months. 7/12 of 68,000 is… 39,666) Accounts for the period ended 30 June 2017: £17,000 (Section 17) This looks on the face of it as though Ms Corney took less than the full rental from the charity, as the lease was set from the date of the registration of the charity (16 Jan 2017). However, the Trust began trading on 1 April 2017 (accounts for Y/E 30 June 2017, p. 2). From 1 April to 30 June is 3 months and 3/12 of £68,000 is… £17,000. To the penny. So at every stage, it looks as if Ms Corney has accepted the full rental from the zoo. The only part we are not clear about is how the rent appears in the analysis of expenditure (see p. 7, 2019 accounts) where it seems to be less than the 68k ('Rent (charity proportion) 48,686'). The lease allows for upward revisions, and a revision was due in March 2020 (accounts for the P/E 30 June 2019, p. 5). Those accounts aren't in yet, so that will be interesting. So the accounts do tell us the amounts that Charlotte Corney has 'received', and she seems to have received the full amount stated in the lease.
Nope wrong again @ChrisGPackham these are roe deer not fallow deer. #winterwatchfail pic.twitter.com/lSHmlsDnKI
— keeper © (@lesbashford) January 22, 2021
countrysquiremagazine January 23, 2021 April 6, 2021 bbc, charity commission, charlotte corney, chris packham, featured, fundraising regulator, isle of wight, isle of wight zoo, scams, tigers, tim davie
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text:
Updated Feb 28, 2018 - Technology
Exclusive: Public wants Big Tech regulated
Kim Hart
A majority of Americans are now concerned that the government won't do enough to regulate how U.S. technology companies operate, according to an Axios-SurveyMonkey poll. Across the board, concern about government inaction is up significantly — 15 percentage points — in the past three months.
Why it matters: That's a seismic shift in the public's perception of Silicon Valley over a short period of time. It shows how worried Americans are about Russian meddling in the 2016 election, but it also reflects a growing anxiety about the potentially addictive nature of some of the tech companies' products, as well as the relentless spread of fake news on their platforms.
Data: SurveyMonkey polls held Nov. 2–3, 2017 and Feb. 21–23, 2018. Poll Methodology.; Chart: Lazaro Gamio / Axios
What's changed: In a previous Axios-SurveyMonkey poll in November, just after Facebook, Google and Twitter testified before Congress, only about four in 10 Americans were concerned that the government wouldn't do enough to regulate the tech companies.
Now that number has jumped to 55%. Notably, 45% of Republicans — who are usually skeptical about government regulation — share the concern that government won't do enough. Independents showed the biggest shift with an increase of 20 percentage points.
There's other bad news for the tech companies, too:
More than eight in 10 — including big majorities across party lines — blame the technology companies for not doing more to safeguard their platforms against election interference.
When asked whether social media does more to help promote democracy and free speech or does more to hurt democracy and free speech, most Americans (55%) now say social media does more to hurt democracy and free speech than it helps.
The good news: There's no letup in the widespread public sentiment that technology has had a positive effect on society. More than seven out of 10 Americans share that view. And 82% say the success of U.S. tech companies has been good for the economy.
The big picture: In response to growing scrutiny in Washington, major tech firms are leaning heavily on the consistent positive views of the tech industry. They often tout the fact that consumers love their free, innovative products that have become staples of every day life.
But these numbers show that more people are trying to square their affinity for the companies' services with the downsides that have become so much more visible in the past year. As those concerns bubble up to policy makers, regulation of some sort — even in narrowly tailored areas — seems like less of a long shot than it did at the end of 2017.
Methodology: The online survey was conducted by SurveyMonkey from February 21-23, 2018 among 3,574 adults in the United States. They were selected from the nearly 3 million people who take surveys on the SurveyMonkey platform each day. The modeled error estimate for the full sample is 2.5 percentage points. Crosstabs available here.
Go deeper: Tech and Congress did themselves no favors in hearings


text:
Daze Of Yore…
I thought that today I would start with a Song, Dear Reader, as this post will feature an extract from the scribblings mum was writing for me and my sister Juju before she died. It's about her mother, Eileen… my Nanny Packer…
Extract from 'A Family History for Ruth and Julia (Gawd 'Elp Us!**)', a.k.a. 'The Ma Papers' by Judith Eileen Newton (formerly Shewan, née Packer)
Now comes the hard part, my immediate family. Do I write nicely or do I write warts and all?
What can I say about Eileen? My Mum was a lovely lady even though I had loads of ups and downs with her. She was funny and intelligent and very obstinate. In a way I feel that she was held down all her life, and had quite a big chip on her shoulder because of it. She was the second eldest daughter and because Mary, the eldest, was living with her Grandmother (referred to as Grammum), a lot was put on Eileen's shoulders work-wise; she felt that she had been a skivvy all her life.
She always believed she was plain and Ann, who was born only ten months after her, was the pretty one, getting more attention than her. She remembers that she was bony and never smiled, and that Ann was cuddly and fluffy, using her charms to get out of doing things.
Nanny Alger kept having children so the brunt of the work fell onto Eileen. She gave birth to fourteen children but Eileen remembers her mother as always being pregnant. There were several miscarriages and often Eileen was sent off to the chemist with a note, a shilling and a cup. She would bring back some liquid for her mother to take. Although she never knew what it was, I think it was a substance called 'slippery elm', which was an age old remedy for unwanted pregnancies (it was still around when I was fertile I never had to take it because the pill was out but it might still be around now).
I just watched an episode of 'Rome' and I believe that was what was used on a poor lady so it probably used for hundreds of years.
Eileen left school at 14 years old and went to work at Peek Freans. Apparently the factory came to the school to see all the girls and took them all on to work at the factory, which was in Drummond Road. Then they sacked all the 18 year olds because they had to pay adult rates at 18, replacing them with 14 year olds. People say 'the good old days' but imagine having no security or education, and knowing that you were like cattle rather than individuals.
Incidentally they had no secondary schools or further education in those days unless you had money. You started school at 5, if your parents were that way inclined, and left at 14. The boys, if they were lucky, were taken on as apprentices and parents had to sign papers called indentures (no, Julia, nothing to do with teeth lol). They had to work for the employers for 5 years and then they had an exam to prove that they were qualified in their skills, before being sent into the big wide world to ply their trade. A carpenter or electrician or tailor would take a new boy on every year. Those boys and their parents considered themselves lucky if they were indentured. And you can see how women were kept down – the only choice was factory work, maids, or waitressing. Remember it was not that long after women's suffrage.
Because of the area they lived in was right on the docks, lots of the boys' dads were dockers or stevedores, and they had to have a ticket to work. It was always a foregone conclusion that the a boy would get a job in the docks if his father worked there, as it was usually kept in the family. Funnily enough none of Granddad Alger's sons wanted to work in the docks.
God I do digress
Eileen for some reason was not put on the production line but in the kitchen of the staff canteen. I think it was because of Aunt Mary, who already worked there – she pulled strings through her husband and got Eileen an easier job (I would rather be on the production line any day). I think it was because Mary thought they would get more to eat if Eileen was in the kitchen because food a home was not plentiful; adequate but certainly not plentiful.
Can you imagine living in a house that was straining at the seams and just Granddad Alger Working? You had a breakfast and an evening meal. No crisps, no chocolate bars, no fizzy drinks. Life was barren, but fortunately Eileen would buy 6 penny worth of broken biscuits, the only luxury.
Eileen had no choice: Nanny Alger was dependent on her wages and that's how life was in those days. She carried on for a couple of years and then one day she prepared prunes and custard for afters, and instead of prunes she opened a tin of pickled walnuts and served them up with custard. She got the sack. She was coming up to 18 anyway, so got herself a job with J Lyons and Co as a waitress. In those days Joe Lyons had a tea shop in every high street, and he also had posh tea shops in the West End called Corner Houses. The high street shops were very reasonable.
Ordinary people used them all the time if they had the money, but the Corner Houses were special for high days and holidays. You could walk through the ground floor and posh sales assistants would sell you special handmade chocolates, beautiful gateaux and deli like smoke salmon and such. Even when I was a teenager they were still around but they were self service places by then.
The waitresses were called 'Nippies' because they gave fast and quick service (take that how you will), and Eileen was fast, so was quickly promoted to Gold Star Waitress. She was sent all over the country, wherever she was needed. She even went on a course in Jersey somewhere. She was born in 1910 and in those days manpower was cheap and service was expected at all times. She even served at the Ideal Home Exhibition when Edward the 8th came for the opening.
There was not a lot to do in those days for leisure except going to the pictures, parading up and down looking good, and the odd, rare dance. Eileen was really into fashion and always had her clothes made in the East End, but she said she always got the rough boy and Ann got the handsome one. The pictures of her show her looking very smart and she was good looking, but she never smiled and it makes her look standoffish.
Funny but I always had the same problem, people in the street would say to me, "cheer up it might never happen!" when I was perfectly happy and not aware I looked miserable. Julia is the same – we have just got miserable faces, I suppose. Ruth on the other hand lives in a world of her own and is totally oblivious to anybody even calling out…
*Ah, so he was knot King then, Clicky?*
I have another post brewing on The Fourth Turning, Dear Reader, so will be back soon with that. In the meantime, do enjoy the flowers placed on the sidebar, sent from The Okie Devil, as described in his last missive…
… And enjoy the Song ❤
By roobeedoo2in Education, Gawd 'Elp Us!, History, Uncategorized 24/06/2017 1,301 Words1 Comment


text:
\section{Results}

\textbf{Implementation.} In our experiment (Fig.~\ref{fig_setup}), we distributed entangled photons between the Mediterranean islands of Malta and Sicily.
A source of polarisation-entangled photon pairs was located in Malta in the central data centre of one of the local telecommunication providers (Melita Ltd.), close to Fort Madliena.
One photon from each pair was sent to a polarisation analysis and detection module located in Malta close to the source, consisting of a half-wave plate and a polarising beam-splitter with single photon detectors connected to the transmitted and reflected output ports. The other photon was sent to Sicily via a deployed $96$\,km-long submarine telecommunications optical fibre cable  which introduced an attenuation of $\sim22$\,dB. The link contains neither repeaters nor amplifiers of any sort and consists of several fibres which are all compliant with ITU-T G.655. Two of these fibres are used to transmit live classical communication in the C-band around 1550\,nm, and one dark fibre within the same cable represents the quantum channel in this experiment. At the other end of the fibre the second setup, consisting of an identical polarisation analysis and detection module, was set up inside a vehicle stationed outdoors close to the town of Pozzallo in Sicily;
access to the optical fibre was obtained through a manhole. A separate optical fibre within the same cable was used to synchronise the two time-tagging modules by means of a laser operating at $1550$\,nm and modulated at $10$\,MHz by a signal generator. Two GPS clocks were used to help coordinate the experiment.

\textbf{Entangled-photon source and detection.}
The source was based on type-0 spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a 4\,cm-long Magnesium Oxide doped periodically poled,  Lithium Niobate (MgO:ppLN) crystal with a poling period of $19.2$\,$\upmu$m, temperature-stabilized at 85.4{\textdegree}C. The type-0 process converts, with a low probability, one pump photon at $775.075$\,nm from a continuous-wave laser to two photons, commonly named signal and idler photons, in the telecommunications C-band, having the same vertical polarisation as the pump photon. The MgO:ppLN crystal was bidirectionally pumped inside a Sagnac-type setup~\cite{Kim2005,lim2008}, thus creating the polarisation-entangled Bell state
\begin{equation}\label{eq:state}
\lvert\Phi\rangle =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\lvert\text{V}_{\lambda_\text{s}}\text{V}_{\lambda_\text{i}}\rangle - \lvert\text{H}_{\lambda_\text{s}}\text{H}_{\lambda_\text{i}}\rangle),
\end{equation}
where we denote the signal (idler) wavelength by $\lambda_\text{s}$, ($\lambda_\text{i}$), and the polarisation degree of freedom by H (horizontal) or V (vertical). The joint spectrum of signal and idler has a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of approximately $60$\,nm.  Due to conservation of energy during the down-conversion process from a well-defined pump energy, polarisation-entangled photon pairs are found at equal spectral distance from the central frequency. We used approximately $0.6$\,nm FWHM band-pass filters to separate signal and idler photons at an equal spectral distance of the channels from the central wavelength of $1550.15$\,nm. ITU DWDM channel 36 ($\lambda_\text{s}=1548.52$\,nm) was chosen for the signal photons to be sent to Sicily while the idler photons in channel 32 ($\lambda_\text{i}=1551.72$\,nm) were detected locally in Malta.

\begin{figure}[t]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{g2peak.pdf}
 \caption{\label{fig_g2peak} The cross-correlation function between the time tags from Malta and Sicily shows a peak at a relative delay of approximately 532281\,ns, which corresponds to the length of the fibre, when we take into account the different latencies of the detection systems. The FWHM of approximately $0.7$\,ns is attributed to timing uncertainty of the SPADs in Sicily (approx. 400\,ps), the dispersion of the fibre link (approx. 500\,ps) and other effects related to the triggering and jitter in the time-tagging units (approx. 300\,ps).}
 \end{figure}

Locally in Malta, the visibility of the source was measured at approximately $98$\% in the diagonal--anti-diagonal (DA) polarisation basis and $97$\% in the horizontal--vertical (HV) basis. The local heralding efficiency was approximately $12$\%, measured on the superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) system; roughly $28\,000$ pairs were detected per milliwatt of pump power. Two SNSPDs, necessary for handling the high countrates involved, were employed in the detection system in Malta and operated at an efficiency of approximately $54$\% and $59$\%, and with a dark-count rate of approximately $550$ and $470$ counts per second, respectively.

\begin{figure}[t]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{Visibility_Scan_VIS_26_3.pdf}
 \caption{\label{fig_vis} Coincidence count rates for one detector pair and two different measurement angles in Sicily (vertical [red], and diagonal [green]) as a function of the  measurement angle for the analyser in Malta, $\phi_\text{M}$, starting from H [red] or D [green]. Poissonian statistics are assumed for the data as indicated by the error bars.}
\end{figure}

The detection system used in Sicily was more mobile and was in fact mounted in a vehicle that was moved to the location  and connected to the submarine fibre daily. This detection system used single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) which present very different characteristics to SNSPDs in terms of efficiency and dark counts. One detector had an efficiency of approximately $2$--$4$\% at a dead-time of $1$\,$\upmu$s and approximately $140$ dark counts per second, while the other operated at an efficiency of approximately $10$\% at a dead-time of $5$\,$\upmu$s with approximately $550$ dark counts per second.

\textbf{Entanglement characterisation.}
The photon arrival times were written to computer files locally and independently in Malta and Sicily. The two-photon coincidence events were identified by performing a cross-correlation between the time tags from Malta and Sicily, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_g2peak}. To quantify the quality of the entangled state after transmission through the submarine fibre, we performed a series of two-photon correlation measurements. In Sicily, the polarisation analyser was set to measure in either the H/V or D/A basis. The polarisation angle $\phi_\text{M}$ analysed in Malta was scanned from $0{\degree}$ to $360{\degree}$ in steps of $20{\degree}$. For each angle setting in Malta we accumulated data for a total of 60s. The best fit functions to the experimental data, two of which are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_vis} exhibit a visibility of $86.8\%\pm0.8\%$ in the HV basis and $94.1\%\pm0.2\%$ in the DA basis.

\textbf{Bell test.}
To further quantify the quality of polarisation entanglement, we combined the results of the coincidence scans to yield the CHSH quantity $S(\phi_\text{M})$, which is bounded between $-2$ and $2$ for local realistic theories but may exceed these bounds up to an absolute value of $2\sqrt{2}$ in quantum mechanics and therefore serves as a strong witness for entanglement~\cite{CHSH}. To mitigate against systematic errors due to misalignment of the polarisation reference frames, we first used a best fit to the coincidence data (e.g. as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_vis}) to compute $S(\phi_\text{M})$, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_chsh}.

 We observed the maximum Bell violation for a CHSH value of $-2.534\pm 0.08$, which corresponds to approximately 90\% of the Tsirelson bound~\cite{tsirelson1993quantum} in good agreement with the visibility of the two-photon coincidence data. Note that this value was obtained for $\phi_\text{M}=63.5{\degree}$, which corresponds to an offset of $4.0{\degree}$ from the theoretical optimum ($67.5{\degree}$). We ascribe this difference to a residual error in setting the zero point of our wave-plates and imperfect compensation of the fibres.

\begin{figure}[t]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{CHSH}
 \caption{\label{fig_chsh} CHSH quantity $S(\phi_\text{M})$ as a function of the measurement angle for the analyser in Malta, $\phi_\text{M}$, which resembles the relative angle between the two mutually unbiased bases that were used in Malta and Sicily each; error bars are included but fit within the data markers; the standard deviation is $\leq0.014$ for all the points shown. Data outside the grey region (shown as squares) exclude local realistic theories. This function is computed using data similar to that shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_vis}. The solid red curve is obtained from a fit to the coincidence rates (as in Fig.~\ref{fig_vis}), not to the data shown here and yields a CHSH value of $2.534\pm 0.08$. The green horizontal line shows the CHSH value of $2.421\pm 0.008$ obtained in a measurement run at the fixed value of $\phi_\text{M}=157.5{\degree}$  (this includes a measurement at $22.5{\degree}$), i.e. the theoretically optimal angles.}
\end{figure}

Finally, we directly measured the CHSH value with the analysers set to the theoretically optimal settings ($22.5{\degree}$ and $157.5{\degree}$) and (H/V and D/A), in Malta and Sicily, respectively. For each measurement setting, we accumulated data for a total of 600 seconds. This provided enough data to break down the data series into 39 blocks per measurement setting, and perform a statistical analysis of the data without having to rely on Poissonian count-rate statistics. The measured value for the CHSH quantity in this case is $2.421\pm0.008$ (as illustrated by the green horizontal line in Fig.~\ref{fig_chsh}), well beyond the bounds imposed by local realistic theories, consistent with the above value, and within the expected range.

The maximum coincidence rate we observed was $257\pm4$ counts per second, which corresponds to a secure key rate of approximately $30$ bits per second at the given visibility. The measured quantum bit error rate (QBER) was $5\%\pm0.5\%$, which is significantly better than the minimum requirement of 11\%~\cite{Ma2007}.

\section{Discussion}

We have successfully distributed polarisation-entangled photons over a $96$\,km-long submarine optical fibre link.  The deployed fibre is part of an existing telecommunications network linking the Mediterranean islands of Malta and Sicily. Our experiment marks the first international submarine quantum link.  It is also the longest distance distribution of entanglement in a deployed telecommunications network. We have demonstrated all the quantum prerequisites to be able to fully implement QKD. We verified the quality of entanglement by performing Bell tests and observed  a violation of the CHSH inequality at the level of $86$\% ($2.421$). This state was therefore observed with a fidelity high enough to enable secure quantum communication with QBER below $5.5$\% and estimated secure key rates of $30$ bits per second.  The link was stable within the statistical accuracy given by the assumed Poissonian statistics, and the QBER stayed constant for over two-and-a-half hours without active polarisation stabilisation. This is in accordance with results from other groups who investigated the changes of the polarisation state of aerial~\cite{waddy2005polarization} and buried~\cite{woodward2014long,ding2017polarization} fibres and found slow drifts on the scale of hours or days. Based on this we can conclusively prove that secure polarisation entanglement-based quantum communication is indeed possible over comparable deployed fibre links.

In previous field-trials of quantum cryptography, the opinion was voiced~\cite{gisin2002,gisin2007quantumcommunication} that polarisation states are not suitable for long-distance fibre-based QKD. In our opinion, this has changed due to enormous technological progress within the last decade.
We believe that our data indicates that polarisation entanglement might actually be a very good choice, if not the preferred choice, for future entanglement-based quantum key distribution networks.
A significiant advantage of polarisation entanglement is that it does not require interferometric measurements or interferometric state preparations, neither for sender or receiver, nor for the source. It also does not require external time synchronisation or any special techniques to overcome pulse broadening, as we demonstrate in the current paper.

 Polarisation entanglement can also be used to seamlessly interface between free-space and fibre-based communication links. Finally, one can simply make use of the many quantum repeater and quantum networking schemes that have been demonstrated for polarisation entanglement, which can further extend the range of QKD systems and the number of clients they can reach. As an outlook, we note that using commercially available detectors with improved timing resolution, we could more than double the distance with respect to our present experiment. Our work thus opens up the possibility of using polarisation entanglement for truly global-scale fibre-based quantum communication.

 \section{Methods}
 \textbf{Fibre birefringence compensation.}
The $\lvert\Phi\rangle$ state was optimised locally in Malta by changing the polarisation of the pump beam and characterised using the local detection module and a polarisation analysis module that was inserted into the region denoted FSB in Fig.~\ref{fig_setup}. In order to ensure that the quantum state can be detected at the other end of the 96\,km fibre link, the polarisation rotation  of the quantum channel was neutralised by receiving alternately one of the two mutually unbiased polarisation states H and D from a laser, which was connected in the place of an SPAD in Sicily. The neutralization was done manually, using the signal of a polarimeter placed in the region FSB and manual fibre polarisation controllers.

 \textbf{Single-photon counting in Malta.}
The superconducting detectors used in Malta were fabricated from a newly-developed $9$\,nm-thick NbTiN superconducting film deposited by reactive co-sputtering at room temperature at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The nanowires were patterned using electron-beam lithography and subsequent dry etching in collaboration with Single Quantum, and included further fabrication steps such as back-mirror integration and through-wafer etching for fibre alignment. We used a commercial cryostat (Single Quantum Eos), operating at $2.9$\,K and a current driver (Single Quantum Atlas) to operate the fibre-coupled SNSPDs. The efficiency of the detectors being dependent on the photon polarisation, a three-paddle fibre polarisation controller was used to optimise the detection efficiency. The SNSPD system operated continuously for two weeks in a data centre facility at an ambient temperature of about $30$\,{\degree}C without any degradation in performance.

\textbf{CHSH Measurements.}
To compute the S-value, measurements from 4 basis settings were combined, while coincidence counts between all 4 detectors were used. The CHSH inequality reads: $-2\leq E(a_1,b_1)+E(a_1,b_2)+E(a_2,b_1)-E(a_2,b_2) \leq 2$, while $a_i$ with $i=1,2$ are the angles in Malta with $a_1-a_2 = 45\degree$ and $b_1-b_2=45\degree$ in Sicily. The correlation functions $E(a_i,b_i) $ are computed from the coincidence counts $C(a_i,b_j)$, measured at the angles $a_i,b_j$ as follows: $$E(a_i,b_j)=\frac{C(a_i,b_j)+C(a_{i \perp},b_{j \perp})-C(a_{i\perp},b_j)-C(a_i,b_{j,\perp})}{C(a_i,b_j)+C(a_{i \perp},b_{j \perp})+C(a_{i\perp},b_j)+C(a_i,b_{j,\perp})}$$
The symbol $\perp$ corresponds to the perpendicular angle, i.e. the second output of the polarising beam-splitter.
The angle $\phi_{\text{M}}$ in Fig.~\ref{fig_chsh} can be understood as the relative angle between the measurement bases used in Malta and Sicily and is proportional to $a_i-b_i$.
\hspace{5cm}

\section{Acknowledgements}
We are deeply indebted to Simon Montanaro, \mbox{Roderick} Cassar, and Charles Peresso at Melita Ltd.\ for providing assistance and access to their network.  We thank Johannes Handsteiner for lending us two GPS clocks, Jesse Slim for programming a user interface for our motorised rotation stages, Evelyn Aracely Acu\~{n}a Ortega, Lukas Bulla, Matthias Fink,  Johannes Kofler,  Rosario Giordanella,  Thomas Scheidl, Leah Paula Vella and Ryan Vella for helpful discussions and technical assistance.
We acknowledge the financial assistance of the University of Malta Research, Innovation \& Development Trust (RIDT). V.Z. acknowledges funding by the European Research Council under the grant agreement No. 307687 (NaQuOp) and the Swedish Research Council under grant agreement 638-2013-7152. Financial support was also provided by the Linnaeus Center in Advanced Optics and Photonics (Adopt). Financial support from the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) -Agentur f\"ur Luft- und Raumfahrt (FFG-ALR contract 844360 and FFG/ASAP:6238191 / 854022), the European Space Agency (ESA contract 4000112591/14/NL/US), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through (P24621-N27) and the START project (Y879-N27), as well as the Austrian Academy of Sciences is gratefully acknowledged.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Dade County Slash Pine (known by naturalists as Pinus Elliottii) was one of the most important pine species in Southern Florida. The tree played a pivotal role in early Miami's ecological landscape and helped shape the industries which would contribute to the city's population boom in the early twentieth century. The timber proved to be of great use for pioneers, developers, and industrialist alike. The wood is resistant to both rot and termites and is known to be one of the hardest lumber products in the world. In fact, the tree was in such high demand that it was over-harvested to near-extinction. The Pine Rocklands once covered 185,000 acres of Miami-Dade County. By the time the city of Miami celebrated its 100th anniversary in 1996, only 2% of the pine forest remained.
Slash Pine, which grows up to 100 feet in height and 2 to 3 feet in diameter, would have been one of the dominating features encountered by Miami's first settlers. In fact, the pine trees would have been a factor in helping 19th century Florida pioneers decide where they would build. This is because when one came across pine trees in early Miami, they knew that they had found land that was dry enough to live on and fertile enough to grow crops on. Slash Pine was plentiful, averaging 520 trees per acre of Pine Rockland and proved to be a reliable timber with which settlers could build their homes and farms. When George Merrick, founder of Coral Gables, first settled in Miami with his father in 1899, they lived in a 20×38 log cabin made of Dade County Slash Pine.
In the early 1900's more and more people moved and settled in the Miami area, which of course was followed by an increased need for lumber for which to build homes and businesses. The growing need to meet the requirements of the ever-expanding population led to the birth of a healthy lumber industry in Miami. The first timber company documented in the area was called the L.C. Oliver Lumber Company and is known to have been in the area by 1896. More lumber companies began steadily appearing, which is a clear indication that the development of the City of Miami was both reliable and rapid. By 1917, there were 15 lumber mills in Dade County with an output of about 120,000 feet of lumber daily. 95% of the lumber cut in the county was used locally for framing and finishing, with the other 5% being shipped to Nassau and Cuba.
The Florida Land Boom, which was in full swing by the 1920's, accelerated the ever-growing need for building materials. By the mid 1920's, Miami's lumber industry had taken a prominent place in the city's commercial and industrial growth. In 1925, the gross volume of the retail lumber business alone approximated between $8,000,000 and $9,000,000 in Miami, and there were over 1,500 timber employees within the city boundaries. It has been estimated that Florida sawmills produced 1,000,000,000 feet of lumber annually.
Up until the 1930's, Dade County Slash Pine was primarily harvested for the production of timber wood and turpentine. However, in 1930, a chemist, Dr. Charles H. Herty of New York, discovered how to make white newsprint out of Slash Pine. Prior to this discovery, the tree could only be used to make a paper of a yellow variety, which could not compete with the high-grade sulfite process newsprint and white book paper culled from other trees in the country. This development opened the prospect of a new and wholly American supply of newsprint and high-grade book paper. With this new and lucrative use of Slash Pine discovered, the demand for the tree continued to soar.
Unfortunately, this need for lumber led to deforestation on a massive scale. The trees were harvested faster than they could grow back and the amount Dade-County Slash Pine was no longer large enough to sustain the businesses that depended on it. Lumber mills shut down and employees looked for work elsewhere. Now practically extinct, Slash Pine wood is avidly salvaged from old buildings and houses upon demolition to meet the demand of those who appreciate its historical value, high durability, and beautiful high-grain finish. In fact, the Venetian Pool is currently in the process of restoring some of it's Slash Pine features and is on a 10-year waiting list to receive the wood from a specialized salvaging company. The saying that everything old will become new again certainly applies to the timelessness of Slash Pine's natural allure and durable features.


text:
Q: Linq to get a list of files by ascending order from a directory, based on their name C# I have a directory that contains several files, some .txt and some .sql. let's just focus on the .sql files.
These files contain sql statements that I need to parse and later execute, but the files are named like 1_ORCA_3_9_56.sql and 99_ACT_VERSAO.sql or any other name, the only important part is the number with which they start wince it will dictated the order that I need to execute them.
I've made a function using Linq that will give me a list by ascending order of all files (I actually retrieve their full name/path, thats what I need) but the query returns me 0 items.
This is the function:
 public List<string> ListaDeFicheiros(string Directoria)
        {
            Global.Erro = "";
            Global.ErroGrave = false;
            string caminho = "";

            var Paths = new  List<string>();
            Version version = null;
            var lastVersion = new DirectoryInfo(Directoria).EnumerateFiles()
                        .Where(d => d.Name.ToLower().EndsWith(".sql"))
                        .Select(d => new { Directory = d.Directory, Token = d.Name.Split('_') })
                        //.Select(d => new { Directory = d, Token = d.Name.Split('_') })
                        .Where(x => x.Token.Length == 3 && Version.TryParse(x.Token[2], out version))
                        .Select(x => new { Directory = x.Directory, Date = x.Token[1], Version = version })
                        .OrderByDescending(x => x.Version)
                        .Select(x => x.Directory.FullName);
            Paths = lastVersion.ToList();
            return Paths;
        }

Any help would be aprecciated, any questions just make a comment and I will try to answer as detailed as I can.

Have in mind that I just need to get the .sql files and ignore any other extension.

A: I suggest to use Directory.GetFiles() to enumerate only "*.sql" files. Then I use Select and create an anonymous type that contains the full path and the parsed version.
To parse the version I use Path.GetFileName() to get the file name without path. If the file name does not have the correct format, I set the version to -1.
Then I filter for valid versions, sort the enumeration by that version and return a list of the sorted file names:
List<string> Paths = Directory.GetFiles(Directoria, "*.sql", SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly).
    Select(f => {
        int version;
        string[] parts = Path.GetFileName(f).Split('_');
        if (parts.Length < 1 || !int.TryParse(parts[0], out version))
            version = -1;
        return new {File = f, Version = version};
    }).
    Where(f => f.Version > -1).
    OrderBy(f => f.Version).
    Select(f => f.File).ToList();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The building, which was originally the servants' quarter, is reached by a flight of steep old wooden stairs to the first floor where there is a cosy sitting room and spacious kitchen. Also on this level are 2 bedrooms and a bathroom and shower room. The second floor houses the remaining bedrooms, a separate loo, a shower room and a bathroom and loo. There is a table tennis room off the courtyard in the old 'wash house', a boiler room for drying boots and coats and plenty of outbuildings to store bikes and buggies.
Sleeps 14, 6 bedrooms. The spacious kitchen has a large table big enough for everyone to sit around. There are 2 fridges, an electric cooker and separate warming cabinet, dishwasher, ample work and storage space. The comfortable sitting room has 3 sofas and comfortable chairs, a log burner, TV and DVD. Views from both the kitchen and sitting room look out onto the River Usk which runs 60 feet from the house and Courtyard Wing.
Bedroom 1: Old kitchen - 1 double and 1 single with handbasin.
Bedroom 2: Daffodil Room - 2 singles.
Bedroom 6: Attic Room - 1 double and 3 singles.
Bedlinen is provided as well as bath mats, hand and tea towels.
Central heating throughout, logs and electricity.
Use of washing machine is accessed in the boot room.
Cot, high chair and stair gate available.
This completely self-contained wing of the house has a private entrance via the picturesque courtyard; in the warmer and dryer months there are tables and chairs to sit out in as well as a large BBQ.
An all weather tennis court is available free of charge (remember to bring your rackets and balls), and there are 2 miles of fly fishing at £15 per rod per day. Penpont is a privately owned Grade 1 listed house which has been in the same family since 1666. Magnificent in its grounds, on the banks of the River Usk, it lies in the middle of a 2000 acre working rural estate.
There are extensive grounds, sweeping lawns, the old Victorian rose and walled gardens, riverside and woodland walks and a beech hedge 'Green Man Maze' planted in 2000. The family are very happy for people to wander and explore the grounds during their stay. Penpont is a unique place to spend a holiday or have a short break with a group of friends or family.
The walled gardens have been registered with The Soil Association for over 5 years and guests can buy fresh organic vegetables direct from the gardens. Penpont has installed a renewable energy heat system powered by bio-mass. The wood chips are sourced from Penpont woodlands and the boiler heats the main house, Courtyard Wing and all outbuildings. Brecon 5 miles.


text:
Architecture and Engineering Business Consultants PSMJ Resources, Inc. Announces New President to Support Continued Growth
Gregory C. Hart takes the role as the company approaches 50 years of improving the business performance of A/E/C organizations worldwide.
January 3, 2023 (Newton, Mass.)—PSMJ Resources, Inc., the world's leading authority on the effective management of architecture, engineering, and construction (A/E/C) firms, announces the appointment of Gregory C. Hart as its new President effective January 1, 2023.Hart has been with PSMJ for 12 years and has held various leadership roles in the organization during that time. Additionally, he has served as a Senior Consultant advising A/E/C firms primarily in the areas of mergers & acquisitions, ownership transition, and business valuation.
"There is nobody that embodies the culture of our team better than Greg." states PSMJ Founder Frank A. Stasiowski, FAIA. "He defines what PSMJ is and will be continuing to build on in our next 50 years." As part of the leadership team expansion, Stasiowski will assume the position of Chairman and CEO.
"I could not be more honored and proud to lead PSMJ through its next phase of growth." commented Hart. "What Frank and the entire PSMJ team has built from Day One is – plain and simple – a remarkable commitment to helping our clients and customers to achieve their business objectives. That is what has driven so much of our success and growth and that commitment will always be at the center of everything we do."
Hart has spent his entire career in and around the A/E/C industry. Prior to 16+ years of management consulting in the industry, he began his career as an Environmental Scientist and holds a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Science from the University of Massachusetts-Lowell as well as a Master's degree in Business Administration from Syracuse University.
About PSMJ: For nearly 50 years, PSMJ Resources, Inc. has been recognized as the leading publishing, executive education, and advisory group devoted completely to improving the business performance of A/E/C organizations worldwide. PSMJ's sought-after expertise covers a range of critical business areas such as project management, financial management, human resources, business development, transition planning, and mergers and acquisitions.
Peter McPherson
pmcpherson@psmj.com
www.psmj.com
View All News and Media


text:
Political Art at the U.S.-Mexico Border
Many artists use their medium as a form to express themselves in moments of heightened emotions.
Read more about Political Art at the U.S.-Mexico Border
Mexican Avant-Garde: What is Estridentismo Mexicano
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Día de las Muertas
This past weekend, Mexico, and other Latin American countries including, Belize, Ecuador, Guatemala and Peru, celebrated th
Read more about Día de las Muertas
The Weaponization of Music and Social Media Against Homophobia in México
By Antonio Ponce-Meza
This amalgamation of influences produced a Mexican state that has a diverse and lively array of LGBTQ+ communities in different cities across the nation. In the context of "queer" meaning relating to people who do not conform to the heteronormative or cis-gendered Mexican lifestyle, Mexican queer history reveals to us that Mexican LGBTQ+ people have had to adapt to different ways of living across different regions and periods. The administration of NAFTA added another dimension, shifting México into a country that freely adopted trade between the U.S. and Canada.
Read more about The Weaponization of Music and Social Media Against Homophobia in México
Las lenguas indígenas latinoamericanas
By Lillian McIntire
Los idiomas nativos son muy importantes para crear una identidad y expandir la cultura de una región, especialmente en América Latina. América Latina tiene una increíble cantidad de lenguas indígenas que se ha dividido y extendido durante muchas generaciones. Algunas lenguas bien conocidas incluyen yucateco, tzetzal, q'anjob'alan, chuj, mocho, k'iche y mam (Campbell, 1997).
Read more about Las lenguas indígenas latinoamericanas
National Hispanic Heritage Month in the United States: A Brief Note About Its Past and Future
As communities around the United States prepare to initiate the 30th anniversary of the first observation of National Hispanic Heritage Month, many citizens and attendants do not think to
Read more about National Hispanic Heritage Month in the United States: A Brief Note About Its Past and Future


text:
Let the celebrations begin: LSU champs party ahead of parade
Outdoor hockey in Texas? Sure thang, and it was quite a hit
By Schuyler Dixon Jan. 01, 2020 04:58 PM EST
Texas-sized NHL Winter Classic for Stars, Preds in Cotton
By Bernard Mcghee Dec. 16, 2019 12:47 PM EST
Oregon QB Herbert wins Campbell Trophy, top scholar-athlete
Big 12 rivalries include Bedlam, Red River and 'Farmageddon'
By Stephen Hawkins Nov. 27, 2019 01:35 PM EST
Sports betting: Even Thanksgiving pickup football isn't safe
By Wayne Parry Nov. 26, 2019 08:52 AM EST
ATLANTIC CITY, N.J. (AP) — Each Thanksgiving, families and friends across America face off in backyards or public parks in pre-meal football games they dub ...
Compiled By Paul Montella Nov. 24, 2019 09:46 AM EST
Nov. 25 1925 — Red Grange, playing his first game as a professional with the Chicago Bears, is held to 36 yards in a 0-0 tie with the...
Family ties: Sons continue football legacies across SEC
By Teresa M. Walker Nov. 13, 2019 04:18 PM EST
Florida hoping to avoid another 'Cocktail Party' hangover
By Mark Long Nov. 07, 2019 01:23 PM EST
Air Force senior relishes dad in stands after prison release
By Pat Graham Nov. 07, 2019 02:04 AM EST
Air Force-New Mexico game postponed after player's death
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) — The football game between Air Force and New Mexico scheduled for this weekend was postponed following the death of a Lobos defensive...
Fromm, Georgia beat Florida 24-17 in 'Cocktail Party'
By Mark Long Nov. 02, 2019 07:05 PM EDT
'Cocktail Party' serves as CFP elimination game for UGA, UF
Florida standout Greenard returns for 1st 'Cocktail Party'
By Mark Long Oct. 29, 2019 02:35 PM EDT
Florida, Georgia 'Cocktail Party' to stay in Jacksonville
Oct. 25, 2019 11:24 AM EDT
Southern holds off Texas Southern behind 3 TDs from McDaniel
DALLAS (AP) — Glendon McDaniel threw three touchdown passes, two of them in a decisive third quarter, and Southern defeated Texas Southern in the State Fair Showdown...
Ricky Williams' Heisman sells for auction-record $504,000
The Heisman Trophy won by Ricky Wiliams in 1998 at Texas was sold at auction for $504,000, setting a record for college football's most recognizable award. ...


HOME > NEWS > EVENTS > LET'S MEET US IN AMSTERDAM AT THE IGAMING SUPERSHOW!
Booongo is going to visit The IGaming Super Show - the biggest dedicated exhibition and conference for the iGaming industry, taking place on the 11th - 14th July 2017 in Amsterdam!
The IGaming Super Show will have eight events in one location including dedicated payments, lottery, regulation and compliance, sports betting, financial and affiliate events.
We don`t miss high-level events like this and are always try to keep abreast of the latest news in Gembling!


text:
United StatesNew YorkNew YorkNoMadThe Ritz-Carlton Residences
The Ritz-Carlton Residences
25 West 28th Street, PH41A New York, New York, 10001 United States
$6,950,000USD
Photos Floor Plan Map
2 BD2/1 BACondominium
About 25 West 28th Street, PH41A
Introducing Penthouse 41A at The Ritz-Carlton Residences, New York, NoMad: The Perfect NYC Pied-à-Terre.
Soaring nearly 500 feet above Manhattan's iconic skyline, and at the very top of the newest tower by internationally acclaimed architect, Rafael Viñoly, PH 41A offers a 2-bedroom, 2.5-bathroom corner suite with unparalleled panoramic views through oversized picture windows from the Empire State Building, straight down to One World Trade, Statue of Liberty, and well beyond.
This trophy penthouse is a perfectly proportioned corner 1,750 SF residence with premium custom interiors with white oak floors and millwork throughout. With over 10-foot ceilings, the luxurious space features a Poliform kitchen with honed white Quartzite island, backsplash and countertop, as well as Bronzed glass cabinetry with integrated LED lighting. A top-of-the-line Miele appliance suite includes double (speed steam and convection) ovens, an induction stove and dual-zone wine storage.
The lavish primary and secondary bathrooms emanate luxury with Bardiglio Nuvolato marble floors and walls, Duravit deep soaking tubs and Dornbracht fixtures. A separate shower and water closet with frameless, acid-etched glass doors, dual ceiling mounted rain-shower and slide-bar-shower fixtures, as well as a custom-carved Terrazzo double-sink elevate the spa-level primary bathroom. The separate powder room features marble floors and a custom-carved Terrazzo sink and basin. Additional details include an owner's closet to store belongings when not in town, Miele stacked washer and dryer, and a Lutron panel for lighting and drapery controls.
The thoughtful layout of this corner suite allows for the larger primary bedroom wing to be partitioned off at the owner's election from the second bedroom via the entry gallery hall, readily creating two separate and independent living spaces and lifestyle experiences.
Unlike any other product ever developed in Manhattan, the Penthouses Residences are the perfect NYC pied-á-terre, replete with The Ritz-Carlton gold-standard of service, best-in-class amenities and helicopter views. This limited collection of just 16 penthouses are delivered exquisitely furnished and turn-key, where owners, their families and guests have the ability to stay for up to 120 nights per year and elect to have their residences conveniently and expertly managed by The Ritz-Carlton when not in use.
Michelin-starred Chef José Andrés will operate two of his internationally celebrated restaurants—Zaytinya and The Bazaar—within the hotel, as well as curate the in-residence dining and operate the food & beverage program throughout.
World class amenities include 24/7 concierge and hotel staff, rooftop bar with winged terraces, the Ritz-Carlton Club Lounge on the 38th floor, a dedicated wellness floor, inclusive of the Ritz-Carlton Signature Spa, and various special events spaces (some with up to 17' ceilings), business services, and a unique 3,500 SF outdoor terrace overlooking the historic NoMad neighborhood facades.
Located in one of Manhattan's most vibrant neighborhoods, in the very heart of NoMad, the newest Ritz-Carlton Hotel rises within one of Downtown's most exciting culinary enclaves—with Eataly and the Union Square Farmer's Market nearby, as well as more Michelin-starred restaurants within a 15-block radius than any other location in the city.
Offering price includes a custom, fully furnished and turn-key residence.
The Ritz-Carlton Residences, New York, NoMad are not owned, developed or sold by The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C. or its affiliates (Ritz-Carlton). RP 1185, LLC uses the Ritz-Carlton marks under license from The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company L.L.C.
Exclusive Marketing and Sales Agent: Christie's International Real Estate Group, Inc. This is not an offering. The complete offering terms are in an offering plan available from the Sponsor. File No. CD20-0264. The listing images represent various units in the building.
Eastern Exposure
Skyline View
Erin Boisson Aries
New York, New York, 10020 United States
Nicola Bottero
Dustin Crouse
This New York Condominium is for Sale and has 2 bedrooms, 2 full baths, 1 partial baths and was built in 2021. This Condominium is listed on the Christie's International Real Estate website in zipcode 10001 (NoMad) and it boasts 1,750 Sq.Ft. of interior space. Nearby neighborhoods include: Union Square, Union Square and Gramercy Park. See all properties in zipcode 10001.
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text:
Q: Probability of choosing an object from an urn Let's say I have an urn with 10 unique objects, and I choose 3 objects from it (each choice is made without replacement). Then the probability of choosing any one object is 3/10. I calculated this probability by summing the probability the object is chosen on the first pick + probability chosen on second pick + probability it's chosen on the third pick. I'm wondering if there is a simpler/more intuitive way to arrive at this probability though.
One idea I had is that for any random permutation of the 10 objects, we can split the permutation into first a group of 3 and second a group of 7 objects. There's then a 3/10 probability that a given object is in the first group (first set of 3 objects chosen).


This is the first video of the full functionality of the Lego Mindstorms – Factory 2.0 project. All video was recorded during the LegoWorld 2010 event in Zwolle (The Netherlands) from October 20th until October 27th.
Controlled by 5 NXT's, with a combined programming (NXC) line-count of nearly 50.000 lines of code.


Moreover, Dracula's minions are once again stirring throughout the land of Transylvania, ravaging throughout the many villages and terrorizing the townsfolk. . Simon takes up the legendary whip, the Vampire Killer, once again and travels throughout the land to the towns of Jova, Veros, Aljiba, Aldora, Oldon, Fetra, and Ghulash to liberate the people and seek help from them as he searches for the Count's body parts which have been hidden in five different dark manors Berkeley, Bodley, Brahms, Rover, and Laruba throughout the land. . .


text:
Pacquiao vs. Marquez : War
Pacquiao-Marquez: War
Richard T. Slone
This is an acrylic and enamel embellished giclée on canvas created at Slone's studio in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 2012. Three were created and each fighter was offered one. This is the only other one and is numbered I/IIV (1 of 3 AP).
Manny Pacquiao and Juan Manuel Marquez had met in three previous bouts, with their first fight on May 8, 2004. Each fight ended in controversy (Split Draw 12, SD12 and MD12 in favor of Pacquiao).
Held on December 8, 2012 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV was the fourth and final meeting between the fighters.
Both fighters said they were aiming for a clear and definitive victory. Marquez scored a knock down in the third round. Pacquiao regained control and caught Marquez in the fifth. Behind on the scorecards, Marquez defeated Pacquiao by knockout with one second remaining in the sixth round.
The fight received a multitude of awards. The Ring magazine named it "Fight of the Year" and "Knockout of the Year". Round five was named "Round of the Year". Marquez was named "Fighter of the Year".
The Pacquiao-Marquez rivalry had inspired artist Richard T. Slone.
Pacquiao signed it on Thursday Dec 6, 2012, before the fight in his room at the hotel, and Marquez immediately following this historic fight in his suite at MGM, likely his first post fight autograph. It is signed and dated by the artist.
The original painting was sold before it was even completed one year earlier. For some personal reasons, the painting was unpublished and unavailable in any format until December 2012.
For this historic fourth fight, Slone unveiled the beautifully embellished giclée. It received rave reviews during fight week, and the autographs were difficult to obtain as neither fighter typically signed one of a kind artworks. They did sign it, both with large and defined signatures.
Sold framed as shown on image(s).
The outside dimensions are approx 30×40 inches (75×100 cm).
It comes with a letter of authenticity from Slone Art Company, signed by the artist.
€ 10,000.-
Slone has been the official artist of the International Boxing Hall of Fame for over 20 years. His artwork has been used on the official posters and programs for most major boxing events in the last 15 years. He has been seen painting live on national television.
Internationally renowned, multi-award artist Richard T. Slone was born in 1974 in northern England. He is self-taught and will later combine his love of art with his ability as a boxer.
Slone would eventually pursue an offer to become a boxer under the guidance of boxing great Joe Frazier in Philadelphia.
After an amateur career, he will decide not to turn professional but instead focus on painting the sport he loves. The Ring magazine will give him his first published work. He would later say: "My experience in the ring adds to my paintings."
It is obvious Slone is passionate about the sport. His artwork reflects the deep respect and admiration he has for the fighters. "The least I can do is to paint them", he says. "Everyone admires a great fighter and as an artist it's easy to be inspired by such."
The interest and demand in Slone's art has been exceptional over the past years. He has become popular with notable collectors including Bruno Mars, Hugh Hefner, Muhammad Ali, Nelson Mandela and many more. His work can be seen on the covers of many magazines, including The Ring, and has been used by many companies and advertising agencies.
He is compared to American artist LeRoy Neiman, who was considered the leading sports artist in the world before his death in 2012.
Richard T. Slone is without any doubt the number one artist for boxing in activity.
Runcie TatnallScene from Below
Richard T. SloneFloyd
© 2021 Meg - The Art of Boxing Gallery.


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List of Irish Movies
Browse the full list of Irish movies streaming online, including services like Netflix, Hulu, Prime Video, HBO and more. Sort by Rotten Tomatoes, IMDB rating, popularity and more to find something to watch!
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1. Room
Released: 2015Rated: R
Drama, Mystery
What it's about: Jack is a young boy of 5 years old who has lived all his life in one room. He believes everything within it are the only real things in the world. But what will happen when his Ma suddenly tells him that there are other things outside of Room?
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Netflix & Kanopy) & rent or buy from $0.99 on 8 services (iTunes, Google Play & 6 others).
2. In the Name of the Father
Biography, Drama
What it's about: A small time thief from Belfast, Gerry Conlon, is falsely implicated in the IRA bombing of a pub that kills several people while he is in London. He and his four friends are coerced by British police into confessing their guilt. Gerry's father and other relatives in London are also implicated in the crime. He spends fifteen years in prison with his father trying to prove his innocence.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (HBO), stream on a popular TV everywhere service (HBO) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
3. Song of the Sea
Released: 2014Rated: PG
Animation, Family
What it's about: The story of the last Seal Child's journey home. After their mother's disappearance, Ben and Saoirse are sent to live with Granny in the city. When they resolve to return to their home by the sea, their journey becomes a race against time as they are drawn into a world Ben knows only from his mother's folktales. But this is no bedtime story; these fairy folk have been in our world far too long. It soon becomes clear to Ben that Saoirse is the key to their survival.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Starz), stream on a popular TV everywhere service (Starz) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 8 services (iTunes, Google Play & 6 others).
4. The Farthest
Documentary, History
What it's about: The captivating tales of the people and events behind one of humanity's greatest achievements in exploration: NASA's Voyager mission.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Netflix) & rent or buy from $1.99 on 4 services (iTunes, Google Play & 2 others).
Released: 2015Rated: PG-13
What it's about: In 1950s Ireland and New York, young Ellis Lacey has to choose between two men and two countries.
Where to Watch: Available to rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
6. The Lobster
What it's about: In a dystopian near future, single people, according to the laws of The City, are taken to The Hotel, where they are obliged to find a romantic partner in forty-five days or are transformed into beasts and sent off into The Woods.
7. Once
What it's about: A vacuum repairman moonlights as a street musician and hopes for his big break. One day a Czech immigrant, who earns a living selling flowers, approaches him with the news that she is also an aspiring singer-songwriter. The pair decide to collaborate, and the songs that they compose reflect the story of their blossoming love.
8. My Left Foot: The Story of Christy Brown
What it's about: In this true story told through flashbacks, Christy Brown is born with crippling cerebral palsy into a poor, working-class Irish family. Able only to control movement in his left foot and to speak in guttural sounds, he is mistakenly believed to have a intellectual disability for the first ten years of his life.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a subscription service (Cinemax), stream on a popular TV everywhere service (Cinemax) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 6 services (iTunes, Google Play & 4 others).
9. The Breadwinner
What it's about: A headstrong young girl in Afghanistan, ruled by the Taliban, disguises herself as a boy in order to provide for her family.
10. Match Point
What it's about: Match Point is Woody Allen's satire of the British High Society and the ambition of a young tennis instructor to enter into it. Yet when he must decide between two women - one assuring him his place in high society, and the other that would bring him far from it - palms start to sweat and a dark psychological match in his head begins.
11. Frank
What it's about: A young wannabe musician who discovers he has bitten off more than he can chew when he joins an eccentric pop band led by the mysterious and enigmatic Frank.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Hulu & Kanopy) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
12. Bridget Jones's Diary
What it's about: A chaotic Bridget Jones meets a snobbish lawyer, and he soon enters her world of imperfections.
13. The Killing of a Sacred Deer
What it's about: Dr. Steven Murphy is a renowned cardiovascular surgeon who presides over a spotless household with his wife and two children. Lurking at the margins of his idyllic suburban existence is Martin, a fatherless teen who insinuates himself into the doctor's life in gradually unsettling ways.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Prime Video & Kanopy) & rent or buy from $0.99 on 8 services (iTunes, Google Play & 6 others).
14. Enemy at the Gates
Drama, History
What it's about: A Russian and a German sniper play a game of cat-and-mouse during the Battle of Stalingrad in WWII.
15. The Land Before Time
Released: 1988Rated: G
Animation, Action & Adventure
What it's about: An orphaned brontosaurus named Littlefoot sets off in search of the legendary Great Valley. A land of lush vegetation where the dinosaurs can thrive and live in peace. Along the way he meets four other young dinosaurs, each one a different species, and they encounter several obstacles as they learn to work together in order to survive.
16. The Guard
Comedy, Crime
What it's about: Two policemen must join forces to take on an international drug- smuggling gang - one, an unorthodox Irish policeman and the other, a straitlaced FBI agent. Sergeant Gerry Boyle is an eccentric small-town cop with a confrontational and crass personality and a subversive sense of humor. A longtime policeman in County Galway, Boyle is a maverick with his own moral code. He has seen enough of the world to know there isn't much to it and has had plenty of time to think about it. When a fellow police officer disappears and Boyle's small town becomes key to a large drug trafficking investigation, he is forced to at least feign interest when dealing with the humorless FBI agent Wendell Everett assigned to the case.
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (Sony Crackle) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
17. Starred Up
What it's about: 19-year-old Eric, arrogant and ultra-violent, is prematurely transferred to the same adult prison facility as his estranged father. As his explosive temper quickly finds him enemies in both prison authorities and fellow inmates — and his already volatile relationship with his father is pushed past breaking point — Eric is approached by a volunteer psychotherapist, who runs an anger management group for prisoners. Torn between gang politics, prison corruption, and a glimmer of something better, Eric finds himself in a fight for his own life, unsure if his own father is there to protect him or join in punishing him.
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (Tubi TV & Vudu) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
18. The Young Offenders
Comedy, Action & Adventure
What it's about: Two teenage boys cycle 160 km on stolen bikes pursued by police to find a missing bale of cocaine worth 7 million euro. Set around the real event of Ireland's biggest cocaine seizure in 2007 of 440 million euro.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Netflix).
19. The Crying Game
Crime, LGBTQ
What it's about: Irish Republican Army member Fergus forms an unexpected bond with Jody, a kidnapped British soldier in his custody, despite the warnings of fellow IRA members Jude and Maguire. Jody makes Fergus promise he'll visit his girlfriend, Dil, in London, and when Fergus flees to the city, he seeks her out. Hounded by his former IRA colleagues, he finds himself increasingly drawn to the enigmatic, and surprising, Dil.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Showtime) & rent or buy from $1.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
20. Disobedience
Drama, LGBTQ
What it's about: A woman learns about the death of her Orthodox Jewish father, a rabbi. She returns home and has romantic feelings rekindled for her best childhood friend, who is now married to her cousin.
21. Bridget Jones's Baby
What it's about: Breaking up with Mark Darcy leaves Bridget Jones over 40 and single again. Feeling that she has everything under control, Jones decides to focus on her career as a top news producer. Suddenly, her love life comes back from the dead when she meets a dashing and handsome American named Jack. Things couldn't be better, until Bridget discovers that she is pregnant. Now, the befuddled mom-to-be must figure out if the proud papa is Mark or Jack.
22. Bloody Sunday
Drama, Independent
What it's about: The dramatised story of the Irish civil rights protest march on January 30 1972 which ended in a massacre by British troops.
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (Tubi TV), stream on a subscription service (Kanopy) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
23. Calvary
What it's about: After being threatened during a confession, a good-natured priest must battle the dark forces closing in around him.
24. What If
What it's about: Wallace, a medical school dropout, has been repeatedly burned by bad relationships. So while everyone around him, including his roommate Allan, seems to be finding the perfect partner, Wallace decides to put his love life on hold. It is then that he meets Chantry, an animator who lives with her long term boyfriend Ben. Wallace and Chantry form an instant connection, striking up a close friendship. But there is no denying the chemistry between them, leading the pair to wonder: what if the love of your life is actually your best friend?
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (Tubi TV), stream on a popular subscription service (Prime Video) & rent or buy from $1.99 on 6 services (iTunes, Google Play & 4 others).
25. The Secret of Kells
What it's about: Adventure awaits 12 year old Brendan who must fight Vikings and a serpent god to find a crystal and complete the legendary Book of Kells. In order to finish Brother Aiden's book, Brendan must overcome his deepest fears on a secret quest that will take him beyond the abbey walls and into the enchanted forest where dangerous mythical creatures hide. Will Brendan succeed in his quest?
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a subscription service (Kanopy) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 6 services (iTunes, Google Play & 4 others).
26. Handsome Devil
What it's about: A music-mad 16-year-old outcast at a rugby-mad boarding school forms an unlikely friendship with his dashing new roommate.
27. A Dark Song
What it's about: A determined young woman and a damaged occultist risk their lives and souls to perform a dangerous ritual that will grant them what they want.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Netflix & Shudder) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
28. Maudie
Biography, Romance
What it's about: An unlikely romance in which the reclusive Everett Lewis hires a fragile yet determined woman named Maudie to be his housekeeper. Maudie, bright-eyed but hunched with crippled hands, yearns to be independent, to live away from her protective family and she also yearns, passionately, to create art. Unexpectedly, Everett finds himself falling in love.
29. Michael Collins
What it's about: Michael Collins plays a crucial role in the establishment of the Irish Free State in the 1920s, but becomes vilified by those hoping to create a completely independent Irish republic.
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (Vudu) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 8 services (iTunes, Google Play & 6 others).
30. The Magdalene Sisters
What it's about: Four women are given into the custody of the Magdalene sisterhood asylum to correct their sinful behavior: Crispina and Rose have given birth to a premarital child, Margaret got raped by her cousin and the orphan Bernadette had been repeatedly caught flirting with the boys. All have to work in a laundry under the strict supervision of the nuns, who break their wills through sadistic punishment.
31. The Wind That Shakes the Barley
What it's about: In 1920s Ireland young doctor Damien O'Donovan prepares to depart for a new job in a London hospital. As he says his goodbyes at a friend's farm, British Black and Tans arrive, and a young man is killed. Damien joins his brother Teddy in the Irish Republican Army, but political events are soon set in motion that tear the brothers apart.
Where to Watch: Available to rent or buy from $3.99 on 2 services (iTunes & Prime Video).
32. I Am Not a Serial Killer
What it's about: Fifteen-year old John Cleaver is dangerous, and he knows it. He's obsessed with serial killers, but really doesn't want to become one. Terrible impulses constantly tempt him, so for his own sake, and the safety of those around, he lives by rigid rules to keep himself "good" and "normal". However, when a real monster shows up in his town he has to let his dark side out in order to stop it – but without his rules to keep him in check, he might be more dangerous than the monster he's trying to kill.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Hulu) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
33. At Eternity's Gate
Drama, Biography
What it's about: Famed but tormented artist Vincent van Gogh spends his final years in Arles, France, painting masterworks of the natural world that surrounds him.
34. The Man Who Invented Christmas
Biography, Comedy
What it's about: In 1843, despite the fact that Dickens is a successful writer, the failure of his latest book puts his career at a crossroads, until the moment when, struggling with inspiration and confronting reality with his childhood memories, a new character is born in the depths of his troubled mind; an old, lonely, embittered man, so vivid, so human, that a whole world grows around him, a story so inspiring that changed the meaning of Christmas forever.
35. In America
What it's about: An Irish immigrant family adjusts to life in the United States, a chance to get over the lost son. They have no money and the apartment is in bad condition.
36. Sing Street
Drama, Musical
What it's about: A boy growing up in Dublin during the 1980s escapes his strained family life by starting a band to impress the mysterious girl he likes.
qell
37. Joe Strummer: The Future Is Unwritten
Documentary, Biography
What it's about: As the front man of the Clash from 1977 onwards, Joe Strummer changed people's lives forever. Four years after his death, his influence reaches out around the world, more strongly now than ever before. In "The Future Is Unwritten", from British film director Julien Temple, Joe Strummer is revealed not just as a legend or musician, but as a true communicator of our times. Drawing on both a shared punk history and the close personal friendship which developed over the last years of Joe's life, Julien Temple's film is a celebration of Joe Strummer - before, during and after the Clash.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Hulu, Qello Concerts & Realeyz) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 5 services (iTunes, Google Play & 3 others).
38. The Siege of Jadotville
What it's about: Irish Commandant Pat Quinlan leads a stand off with troops against French and Belgian Mercenaries in the Congo during in the early 1960s.
39. Mrs Brown
Biography, Independent
What it's about: Queen Victoria is deeply depressed after the death of her husband, disappearing from public. Her servant Brown, who adores her, through caress and admiration brings her back to life, but that relationship creates scandalous situation and is likely to lead to monarchy crisis.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a subscription service (Sundance Now).
40. Osama
What it's about: Teenage girl Osama cuts her hair and dresses like a boy to get a job and support her widowed mother and grandmother. When Osama is called by the Taliban to join school and military training she embarks on a terrifying and confusing journey as she tries to keep the Taliban from finding out her true identity.
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (Tubi TV & Vudu) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 2 services (Prime Video & Vudu).
41. The General
Biography, Crime
What it's about: In a twenty-year career marked by obsessive secrecy, brutality and meticulous planning, Cahill netted over £40 million. He was untouchable - until a bullet from an IRA hitman ended it all.
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (PopcornFlix & IMDb TV), stream on a popular subscription service (Prime Video) & stream on a popular TV everywhere service (Epix).
42. The Boxer
What it's about: Nineteen-year-old Danny Flynn is imprisoned for his involvement with the I.R.A. in Belfast. He leaves behind his family and his sixteen-year-old girlfriend, Maggie Hamill. Fourteen years later, Danny is released from prison and returns to his old working class neighborhood to resume his life as a boxer.
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (Tubi TV) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
43. The Hole in the Ground
What it's about: Trying to escape her broken past, Sarah O'Neill is building a new life on the fringes of a backwood rural town with her young son Chris. A terrifying encounter with a mysterious neighbour shatters her fragile security, throwing Sarah into a spiralling nightmare of paranoia and mistrust, as she tries to uncover if the disturbing changes in her little boy are connected to an ominous sinkhole buried deep in the forest that borders their home.
44. Byzantium
What it's about: Two mysterious women seek refuge in a run-down coastal resort. Clara meets lonely Noel, who provides shelter in his deserted guesthouse, Byzantium. Schoolgirl Eleanor befriends Frank and tells him their lethal secret—they were born 200 years ago and survive on human blood. As knowledge of their secret spreads, their past catches up on them with deathly consequences.
45. School Life
What it's about: John and Amanda teach Latin, English and guitar at a fantastical stately home-turned-school. Nearly 50-year careers are drawing to a close for the pair who have become legends with the mantra: "Reading! 'Rithmetic! Rock 'n' roll!" But for pupil and teacher alike, leaving is the hardest lesson.
46. Reign of Fire
Action & Adventure, Fantasy
What it's about: In post-apocalyptic England, an American volunteer and a British survivor team up to fight off a brood of fire-breathing dragons seeking to return to global dominance after centuries of rest underground. The Brit -- leading a clan of survivors to hunt down the King of the Dragons -- has much at stake: His mother was killed by a dragon, but his love is still alive.
47. All Dogs Go to Heaven
What it's about: When a casino owning dog named Charlie is murdered by his rival Carface, he finds himself in Heaven basically by default since all dogs go to heaven. However, since he wants to get back at his killer, he cons his way back to the living with the warning that doing that damns him to Hell. Once back, he teams with his old partner, Itchy to prep his retaliation. He also stumbles on to an orphan girl who can talk to the animals, thus allowing him to get the inside info on the races to ensure his wins to finance his plans. However, all the while, he is still haunted by nightmares on what's waiting for him on the other side unless he can prove that he is worthy of Heaven again.
Where to Watch: Available to watch free online (Tubi TV & Vudu), stream on a subscription service (CBS All Access) & rent or buy from $2.99 on 7 services (iTunes, Google Play & 5 others).
48. Human Traffic
Comedy, Cult
What it's about: Five twenty-something friends spend a drug-fueled weekend in Cardiff, Wales.
49. Into the West
Family, Action & Adventure
What it's about: Accused of a crime they didn't commit, two city kids and a magical horse are about to become the coolest outlaws ever to ride Into The West.
Where to Watch: Available to stream on a popular subscription service (Hulu).
50. Black '47


The Adhesive Backed Mounting Base also works in conjunction with wire loom. This product can be used with No.8 screws or staples for additional holding strength and making it attachable to any surface.
The bases measure 1.12" x 1.12".
With a strong adhesive backing, these bases can withstand a 1 lb. straight-pull load per square inch.