…And I spotted a box of 20 wooden clothespins. Perfect for a two-foot-tall little guy during laundry day, no? Their true function is that of paper clips. I think I used one once, and added the rest to the pile of Walmart things I never use. That's not true: I don't have a pile of Walmart things I never use, and the clothespins are in a wooden box I use to store pens and staples and paper clips. The contents of said box have changed very little in the last twenty years, given that "pens" and "staplers" and "paper" are objects I seldom use nowadays.
That's not true: I used a pen this morning. I used it to write on a return form enclosed in a box that also contained shoes too uncomfortable to keep. I didn't staple the box shut, or closed its cardboard flaps shut with mini clothespins. I used mailing tape. I'm not crazy.
That's not true: I am crazy. I do have a pile of things I never use. It includes VHS tapes, Christmas decorations, fabric notions, a Jar Jar Binks blanket, and other things I will soon "purge". I can't be classified as a hoarder yet, but the pile will try to convince you otherwise. And I'm never getting rid of that Jar Jar Binks blanket.
It trips me out, when once in a while, always when minding my own business, I stumble upon some twee little accouterments or someone's whimsical artistic expression that directly keys into Tinies/GTS. An oversized flipflop in Bali. The wild trend for fairy gardens, three years ago. Once, a friend of mine picked up some prop in miniature, announced how cute it was, and reflexively popped it into her mouth. I nearly made a mess of myself.
But yes. The junk drawer. I'm trying to limit myself to one small, antique Chinese shipping crate. Everything I want to collect and hold onto, stuff that has no function other than a battery for nostalgia, goes into that box and anything that can't fit is purged. One of these days I'll really take this project seriously.
My only hope for you is that the antique Chinese shipping crate had a shrinking curse cast upon it. It doesn't work on things, of course; so you are going to have to empty it, and try to fit into it. When you can climb onto your cell, let me know how it works out.
*eyes go wide* Why do I never think of these things… If I don't follow up, I'm either dead or wildly successful.


Ford Motor Company and the Society of Automotive Engineers will embark this fall on an international study of a more lifelike prototype abdominal insert for pediatric crash dummies.
Pediatric crash dummies with the more lifelike abdomen will help in analyzing the risk of serious injury to children during car accidents. Independent studies show that children ages 4 to 8 are at higher risk for injuries to the spine and abdomen.
"This effort furthers Ford's commitment to help protect families by focusing on one of the most common collision-related injuries among children," said Dr. Steve Rouhana, a senior technical leader with Ford's Passive Safety Research and Advanced Engineering Department. "It will help us better understand the effects of crash forces on children's abdomens."
Ford developed the more lifelike abdomen in conjunction with Dearborn-based STR Systems, a safety technology and research firm; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Wayne State University in Detroit; the University of Virginia; and Takata Corporation, a global manufacturer of automotive safety systems.
The prototype pediatric abdomen insert is similar in size and shape to that of a 6-year-old child and is made of multiple layers of liquid silicone that, when solidified, forms a tough silicone shell. Inside is a set of electrodes immersed in a conductive fluid that comprise the sensors for the abdomen – six electrodes at the front of the abdomen and one reference electrode at the back.
Initial testing of how the pediatric abdomen responds to belt loading was just completed. For these tests, the abdomen was placed in a pediatric crash dummy retrofitted with a prototype pelvis created by the University of Michigan. According to Rouhana, this pelvis is more humanlike, reflecting the rounded shape of an average 6-year-old pelvis.
"In a typical crash dummy the pelvis area is very square. And when a safety belt interacts with this more square pelvis during a crash it will catch almost every time," Rouhana said. "With a more realistic rounded pelvis, the belt may slip above the pelvic bone, which can be associated with abdominal injuries during a crash."
Ultimately, the data gathered using both actual and virtual crash test dummies may help Ford and other members of the consortium to develop and bring to market innovative safety technologies more quickly.
To further ensure accurate test results, data gathered from studies of actual car crashes where 4 to 8-year-old children sustained abdominal injuries was used. The team from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia published a paper in 2005 showing that the risk of abdominal injury in children 4 to 8 years old was higher than that of children in the 0- to 3-year-old or 9- to 15-year-old ranges. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia also provided shape and size data for children from a study of volunteer subjects -- real children -- from their patient population.
Along with the development of the pediatric crash dummy, Ford is conducting global collaborative research and development activities in virtual human body modeling to advance crash safety technology throughout the industry.
The computer models, which represent human beings in minute detail, could help scientists determine and better understand injuries that are likely to result from a vehicle crash. This research, which has been ongoing for at least 10 years, already has led to the creation of a full adult body model and is currently driving development of a child body model.
The body models duplicate regions of the body such as the head, neck, ribcage, abdomen, thoracic and lumbar spine, internal organs of the chest and abdomen, pelvis, and the upper and lower extremities.
"Human Body Models may reduce physical testing on component and full-scale levels during vehicle development," said Jesse Ruan, passive safety engineer in Ford's Research and Advanced Engineering. "It will also be used to develop more sophisticated instrumentation that could lead to more human-like crash dummies."
Since 2006, Ford has worked with a group of 10 other automakers and suppliers known as the Global Human Body Models Consortium LLC on human body modeling research and development in order save money, speed results through the elimination of duplicate work, and standardize vehicle development tools for enhanced crash safety.
Ford recommends all children should be properly restrained in an appropriate child seat in the rear seat whenever possible.
* Infants should always ride in a child seat facing the rear until they are at least one year old.
* Convertible child seats allow both forward and rear facing options for children greater than 22 lbs., consistent with the seat manufacturer's instructions, the rear facing option should be used as long as possible.
* Any child who has exceeded the weight limit for a forward facing child seat, typically 40 lbs. should be properly restrained in a booster seat with lap/shoulder belt.


text:
Durian is a surname.  It can refer to:

 Douglas Durian, US professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Pennsylvania
 , researcher
  (b. 1975), Brazilian singer
 Ohan Durian (; 1922-2011), Armenian conductor and composer
  (b. 1943), German art historian
  (b. 1946), German author
  (1892-1969), German author

See also
Duran (surname)

Durian
Durian

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hey guys, I am planning to do a burn out on my friend's street (during night of course) and was wondering what is the best way to do one in an automatic. I was thinking of 1) putting the car in neutral, bringing the RPM's up and then shifting it into drive OR 2) I could just powerbrake it in drive. Which one would create the most smoke and longer tire mark down the street? Any help you would be appreciated haha.
Last edited by 65_FstBk; 12-29-2008 at 02:47 AM.
Give away your car, please.
If you even attempt to put the car in neutral and rev the engine and then drop it into drive, you are doing serious damage to your transmission. You can EASILY destroy your transmission that way.
Powerbraking is your best option.
everyone knows the best way to get a long lasting burnout is to pour buttermilk in front of you tires and lower your tire pressure to 12psi then floor it.
Do you have the v6 pony package? If not, I do believe only one wheel is going to spin, and that v6 auto transmission is not gonna be happy with the stress. My advice, find a spot of sand, put your brake to the floor then try to get your wheel to start spinning from a dead stop.
just wondering m.girl does the pony package have tlock ? it still has the 7.5 rear end ? just traction control. mine is packed up for the winter.
I read the pony package has a larger front stabilizer bar and the rear rear stabilizer bar of the GT. Not sure about the posi traction, just my assumption.


I'm an associate professor in the Formal System Analysis group of the Model Driven Software Engineering section of the CS department at the TU/e, and have a part-time affiliation with CERN.
My research is in Algorithms and Logics for VErification (ALIVE), and, more broadly, in all means and methods that help designing correct and reliable systems. I work on algorithms and theory for PBES, parity games and model-based testing theories, and applications of model checking. My PBES theory drives the verification technology offered by the tool suite mCRL2 to which I contribute in some way or another.
Have a look at our work verifying the control software of (by now all 4 of the largest) experiments at the LHC at CERN, developing tools and helping improve the quality of the software.
Drop me a mail if you think I (or my group) can help you with improving your (software) designs.
Also, I have a concrete assignment involving verification and model transformations at Oce for your master's projects; if interested, feel free to drop by.
Societies: ACM SIGACT, ACM SIGLOG, EATCS, NVTI, IPA.
Verification of OIL Interfaces and Components for Engineers-B (VOICE-B, funded by Océ-Technologies B.V.; PI), 2018--2023.
Accelerated Verification and Verified Acceleration (AVVA, NWO TOP grant; co-applicant), 2018--2023.
Verification In the Cloud TO Radically Improve Analyses (VICTORIA, FP7 grant; PI), 2014--2015.
Verification of Complex Hierarchieval Systems (VOCHS, NWO grant; PI), 2010--2016.
A Common Framework for Reactive and Timed Systems (COMFORTS, NWO grant; PI), 2006--2009.
until December 2017, I was the managing director of the national research school IPA.
until June 2016, I worked as an assistant professor in the MDSE section.
from September 2006 to September 2009, I worked as an assistant professor in the context of the NWO-funded BRICKS/FOCUS project COMFORTS on verification of reactive and timed systems using parameterised Boolean equation systems.
from February 2004 to September 2006, I worked as an industrial post-doctoral researcher at ASML in the Dutch Senter project Tangram on model-based methods for testing, diagnosis and integration. From January 2006 to September 2006, I was project leader of Line of Attention 3, responsible for Model-Based Testing methodology.
from November 2002 to January 2004, I worked as a researcher in Action 1 of the European project Artist. Also have a look at this book that was one of the results of this yearlong collaboration.
from October 1998 to November 2002, I was a PhD student at the TU/e, working under contract 612-014-008 of the Dutch Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).
from October 1997 to July 1998, I did my Master's project at the company CMG (now called Logica) in the division ATG, The Hague.


text:
Eversource Energy Foundation
Our mission is to make a healthier, stronger, sustainable and more equitable future for our customers and communities.
Eversource is proud to invest in organizations, initiatives and services that provide broad, meaningful and sustainable change in the communities we serve. In 2021, the Eversource Energy Foundation contributed more than $5 million to charitable organizations in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
The Eversource Energy Foundation is an independent, nonprofit philanthropic organization that is funded solely by shareholders from Eversource Energy and is dedicated to supporting our communities and making a positive difference in the lives of our customers.
The Foundation is governed by a board of directors. The board, composed of Eversource Energy officers, reviews Foundation program guidelines to ensure they reflect our values, mission and giving strategy.
"As President of the Foundation, I believe it's important that our philanthropic work be anchored to strengthening our communities so they thrive.
Whether through our financial support or employee engagement, Eversource wants to positively impact the lives of families, veterans, diverse populations and communities where we work and live and the places we serve."
- Theresa Hopkins-Staten, President, Eversource Energy Foundation and Vice President, Corporate Citizenship and Equity
Giving Focus Areas
The Eversource Energy Foundation supports nonprofit organizations in five major categories.
The five major nonprofit categories are:
Community Wellness and Basic Human Needs: Programs that provide families with essential tools and resources to meet their basic health and human services needs. This includes food and nutritional needs, social services and medical needs.
Education: Programs that support STEM education, literacy, mentoring and youth development to help build a well-trained workforce for years to come.
Clean Energy and Environmental Stewardship: Organizations that educate, inform and advance environmental issues that have the potential to impact our communities. Programs include environmental conservation and education, park updates and trail projects.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: We support equity and inclusion reform, community education programs creating equal rights for people of color, LGBTQ+, women, veterans and historically marginalized people and disinvested communities.
Community, Economic and Workforce Development: Programs that help revitalize underserved communities and support workforce development and educational opportunities that remove barriers and redress long-standing inequity experienced by environmental justice communities and populations and position them to advance in life.
Please email the foundation: Giving@eversource.com.
And keep up with us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn to see how we support your community.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Bloomington is about to end its grade period for bulk waste collection.
The City of Bloomington will host an open house Tuesday to get feedback on a plan to remove traffic signals and make Front Street friendlier to pedestrians.
The City of Bloomington is beefing up its Public Works crews this week as it tries to clear curbs from the last free bulk-waste pickup until October.


Benedict Cumberbatch may be a genuine Hollywood movie star these days, enshrined in the ultra-profitable Marvel Cinematic Universe by his role as Dr. Strange among other things, but he hasn't forgotten about the arena where he rose to fame—British TV. As such, he's just been announced as the main star of Brexit, a two-hour television film from the U.K.'s Channel 4. As the name would imply, the film revolves around the so-called Brexit vote of June 2016, wherein British citizens voted to leave the European Union.
The use of the phrase "political thriller" to describe the story does seem a little odd, does it not? It's not as if we don't know the outcome of the Brexit vote. The story almost seems more like a legal drama than anything one would refer to as a "thriller." Are there attempted assassinations and car chases involved at some point?
It sounds to us like Graham will likely be coming to some conclusions about culpability, morality and fault in doing so … and that seems quite likely to stir up further controversy.
We'll have more information on Benedict Cumberbatch in Brexit as it arrives.


Accompany this decadent rib roast with a light and flavorful Au Jus and Mini Yorkshire Puddings for an easy meal that's sure to wow. A standing rib roast is a special (and expensive) treat, so be sure to cook it just right. Poll your guests to see how they like their meat cooked–rare, medium rare or medium. Then follow the instructions below to achieve the correct internal temperature. Ask the butcher to cradle the roast, which means removing the bones and tying them back on for easier cutting and serving. Plan on two people per pound. The seasoning mixture can be made a day ahead.
This recipe is delicious with Standing Rib Roast. Thin potato slices absorb the flavorful thyme-garlic butter. Don't worry if you cut all the way through the potatoes by accident. Just slather them with herb butter and reposition the slices, holding them together with a toothpick if necessary. As the potatoes bake, the butter browns, developing a deep, nutty flavor. Use potatoes that are similar in shape and size for uniform appearance and cooking time and a pretty presentation.
1. Preheat oven to 350°F. Place rack in lower third of oven.
2. Place butter, oil, thyme, garlic, salt and pepper in a small saucepan over low heat. Stir occasionally until butter has melted and salt has dissolved, about 8 minutes. Turn off heat.
3. Set potatoes on a cutting board and make crosswise cuts about 1/8- to ¼-inch apart, leaving at least 1/2 inch of the potato's base intact.
4. Place potatoes cut-side up in a 9×13-inch baking dish. Evenly drizzle butter mixture over tops of the potatoes. Cover dish tightly with aluminum foil.
5. Place in preheated oven and bake 40 minutes. Increase heat to 400°F. Uncover potatoes and continue baking another 20 minutes. Remove from oven and baste with butter from the bottom of the dish. Return to oven and bake until potatoes are fork-tender, about 20 minutes more.
6. Sprinkle with parsley and arrange on the platter with the roast or serve directly from the baking dish.
Each serving contains 223 calories, 12g total fat, 5g saturated fat, 0g trans fat, 15mg cholesterol, 874mg sodium, 27g carbohydrate, 2g fiber, 1g sugars, 3g protein, 12Est GL.
This gluten-free delectable recipe is easy to make.
1. Peel and trim carrots. Spread them out in the bottom of a large skillet fitted with a lid. Add chicken stock and cover.
2. Place skillet over medium-high heat and bring to a simmer, cooking carrots until just fork-tender, about 4 minutes. Remove the cover.
3. Add butter, salt and pepper and toss until carrots are evenly coated. Let cook uncovered 2 more minutes to caramelize. Serve warm.
Each serving contains 57 calories, 3g total fat, 2g saturated fat, 0g trans fat, 8mg cholesterol, 56mg sodium, 7g carbohydrate, 2g fiber, 4g sugars, 1g protein, 2Est GL.
1In a small bowl, combine garlic, rosemary and thyme. Add half the salt and pepper and enough olive oil to create a loose paste. Pat this mixture evenly over the top and sides of the roast. Season with remaining salt and pepper. Let roast stand at room temperature 40 to 60 minutes.
3Put meat in a large roasting pan, place in preheated oven and bake 20 minutes. Reduce heat to 350°F and continue to roast to desired doneness, about 18 minutes per pound for rare and 22 minutes per pound for medium. Check the temperature of the meat by inserting an instant-read thermometer into the center of the roast. For rare, it should be 120°F. For medium-rare, it should be 125°F, 130°F for medium.
4Remove roast from the oven to a cutting board and let it rest 15 to 20 minutes before carving.
5Remove some of the pan juices to use for Mini Yorkshire Puddings or prepare Au Jus by placing the roasting pan on 2 stove burners over medium-high heat. Add red wine and scrape browned bits off the bottom of the pan with a wooden spoon. Add chicken stock and season with salt and pepper. Continue to cook until wine mixture is reduced by half, about 5 minutes.
6Strain Au Jus through a sieve to remove the solids before serving.
1 serving contains 663 calories, 52g total fat, 21g saturated fat, 0g trans fat, 154mg cholesterol, 828mg sodium, 1g carbohydrates, 0g fiber, 0g sugars, 40g protein.


text:
Facebook invests $100M to support news industry during Coronavirus crisis
The announcement on Monday has been dubbed an "additional investment to support the news industry" and local newsroom coverage of the Coronavirus pandemic. The investment, according to a media release, will focus "on helping newsrooms navigate the economic impact of the outbreak by channeling Facebook marketing spend to news publishers and offering grants to local publishers"
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said $25 million will be made available as emergency grant funding to local newsrooms through the Facebook Journalism Project, and $75 million in additional marketing spend to move money over to news organisations around the world.
Zuckerberg said the news industry is working "under very difficult conditions to keep their communities informed (about the COVID-19 pandemic), and many news organisations are struggling due to the economic impact of the outbreak… at a time when journalism is needed more than ever, ad revenues are declining due to the economic impact of the virus. Local journalists are being hit especially hard, even as people turn to them for critical information to keep their friends, families and communities safe".
He said local news is especially hard hit, hence the $25 million for emergency grant funding.
This new emergency programme is in addition to the $300 million Facebook committed to supporting news, and local news in particular, over the next few years. "We're hoping this will support many journalists through this period so they can continue doing their critical work of keeping all of us informed," said Zuckerberg in a Facebook post on his news feed.
The social network also said it intends to, through the COVID-19 Community Network grant programme, assist journalists to cover important stories when they need them most. "We're building on this work and will direct a portion of these funds to publishers most in need in the hardest hit countries."
The first round of grants went to 50 local newsrooms in the US and Canada. These include:
– The Post and Courier in South Carolina who took down its paywall for coronavirus stories. The paper will use the grant to cover travel costs and remote work capabilities to extend coverage to rural, news desert portions of the state.;
– The Southeast Missourian in Missouri which is publishing email newsletters highlighting coronavirus coverage. The newspaper will use the grant to bolster remote work technology and on contingency plans for reaching elderly readers should print distribution be disrupted; and
– The El Paso Matters in Texas, a new local online news organization launched earlier this year by former El Paso Times editor Bob Moore. The team will use their grant to hire freelance reporters and translators to expand coverage of coronavirus in El Paso and across the border in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.
Responding to the announcement, publisher of The Atlanta Voice Janis Ware said "local news organisations, especially hyper-local news organisations including those serving black and other underserved communities, have experienced challenges with the sustainability and distribution of news and information in the current media environment. COVID-19 has exacerbated an already existing crisis and our jobs have just gotten tougher. With such a sizable infusion from Facebook, local news organisations across the country will benefit as will our readers, our viewers and our listeners".
When the infodemic strikes, who do you trust?
Expert Q&A: How to set up a remote work process
What FIPP members and other media companies are doing to support readers and employees
Coronavirus and the media – challenges and opportunities


text:
[VIRTUAL] PEN Out Loud: Brandon Hobson with Rebecca Makkai
Tuesday, February 16, 2021 | 8:00 pm – 9:00 pm ET
[VIRTUAL] PEN Out Loud: Isabel Allende with Concepción de León
Monday, March 8, 2021 | 8:00 pm – 9:00 pm ET
PEN America Announces Winter PEN Out Loud Literary Conversation Lineup
Press ReleaseJanuary 13, 2021
"Following a fraught year in which we were challenged to reckon with our past, confront our present, and re-imagine our future, we turn to literature and these profoundly talented… More
[VIRTUAL] PEN Out Loud: R.O. Kwon and Garth Greenwell with Melissa Febos and Brandon Taylor
Tuesday, February 9, 2021 | 8:00 pm – 9:00 pm ET
[VIRTUAL] PEN Out Loud x Asian American Writers' Workshop: Kazuo Ishiguro with Jia Tolentino
Thursday, March 4, 2021 | 6:00 pm – 7:00 pm ET
[VIRTUAL] PEN Out Loud: Marilynne Robinson with Alexander Chee
Tuesday, October 6, 2020 | 8:00 pm – 9:00 pm ET
[VIRTUAL] PEN Out Loud: Ayad Akhtar with Ben Rhodes
Tuesday, September 15, 2020 | 8:00 pm – 9:00 pm ET
PEN America Unveils Fall 2020 PEN Out Loud Lineup
Press ReleaseAugust 10, 2020
"We're delighted to offer up a rethinking of our PEN Out Loud series, not just for our all-digital moment, but rather rethinking how conversations are happening in our current… More
[VIRTUAL] PEN Out Loud: Claudia Rankine with Lauren Michele Jackson
Wednesday, September 30, 2020 | 8:00 pm – 9:00 pm ET
[VIRTUAL] PEN Out Loud: Yaa Gyasi with Roxane Gay
Tuesday, September 1, 2020 | 8:00 pm – 9:00 pm ET


Melissa was raised in New Jersey and obtained a certificate in Surgical Technology from Star Technical Institute before attending and graduating from Georgian Court University where she obtained a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology in 2014. She has graduated from Capri Institute and trained extensively under Dr Beri as a medical aesthetician. In July of 2012, Melissa began working with Beri Esthetique and has been in love with skincare ever since. Having grown up with skin issues herself she always found herself looking at skin as well as skin care products from a different perspective then others and her skin care obsession has continued. Melissa has attended several training workshops on product knowledge, and device training. She is now the Executive Assistant with Kavita Beri MD and Spa Manager at BE MIND BODY SKIN. Her passion for people and skin care is easily visible in her positive and radiant smile and she is constantly striving to give the best skin care experience possible to all clients. Her goal is not only to treat but also to keep educating clients on all there is to offer in skin care. She still loves seeing her clients while overseeing the operations of the spa and team at Beri Esthetique.
Melissa is always learning about new products and services to better service as well as understands client's needs. You will always be greeted by her with a warm smile upon entering. Her strong work ethic and thirst for knowledge propel her to want to do the best work possible.
She has a passion for animals and has rescued and adopted a few. She loves to organize and run charity events and sales at Beri Esthetique that help the local humane society and animal relief funds.


Drew Estate is expanding the company's line of coffee-infused cigars with Isla del Sol Maduro.
While the specific blend is not mentioned, the company has announced that the new cigars will use a maduro wrapper and "a rare triple-Nicaraguan-leaf mix," as well as a sweetened cap. Four sizes are being released, with prices ranging from $4.60 to $5.80.
The infusion process, great burn and draw, cocoa notes and mellow room aroma create an island of joy during the smoke.
The company has also expanded the original Isla del Sol Sun Grown, adding a 6″ x 60 Gordito vitola that will retail for $5.72 (sold in boxes of 16 cigars).
The Isla del Sol Maduro and Isla del Sol Sun Grown Gordito are expected to begin shipping to retailers in September 2018.


text:
"I miss NTR," says Rajinikanth- Cinema express
"I miss NTR," says Rajinikanth
The actor was in Hyderabad to promote Kaala, along with the film's producer, Dhanush
Actor Rajinikanth and producer Dhanush were in Hyderabad on Monday to promote their upcoming film Kaala. Speaking at the event, Dhanush said, "I am really proud to produce Superstar's film. Kaala is a people's film. It's not only about the people of Dharavi, but about oppressed people everywhere. Director Pa Ranjith has conceived Kaala after painstaking research, and Rajinikanth is the only one who can do justice to such a role. There is and will be only one Rajinikanth."
Rajinikanth played down the compliment by saying, "Everyone is unique in their own way. There is only one Chiranjeevi, one Balakrishna, one Nagarjuna and one Venkatesh. No one is bigger than anybody and only opportunity makes someone bigger." The actor then went on to talk about his career in Telugu cinema. "After my first Telugu film Anthuleni Kadha (1978), I acted in over a dozen straight Telugu films and was a busy actor here. I was then in two minds about choosing a career in Telugu or Tamil. At that time, K Balachander, who introduced me to Tamil cinema, suggested that I should pursue a career in Tamil. But the love and warmth which I have got from the Telugu audience is no less than what I have experienced in Tamil. After a hiatus, it was with Mohan Babu's Pedarayudu that I got a break in Telugu and eventually, the bond grew stronger with the Telugu audience with my films like Basha, Narasimha, Sivaji and Robot, among others."
He also remembered legends of the Telugu industry, such as NTR and Dasari Narayana Rao. "I used to meet NTR and seek his blessings during every visit to Hyderabad. I'm really missing him now and you know why," said Rajini, hinting at his political aspirations. "I also remember my guru Dasari Narayana Rao, another stalwart from Telugu cinema, who always treated me like a son."
Speaking about why he chose to work with director Pa Ranjith, he said, "When I signed on Kabali, everyone in the industry wondered why I believed in a budding director like him. It was because I was impressed with him when he first narrated Kabali's script to me. And you all know how well he presented me in that film. After that, I have teamed up with him again for Kaala, produced by my son-in-law (Dhanush). I don't want to oversell my film, but I have watched Kaala twice and am really pleased with the output. The film is set in the backdrop of Dharavi, one of the largest slums of Asia. Although it's not a commercial film, it comes with an underlying message. What impressed me in Ranjith is his ability to balance commercial elements with a dose of reality. Usually, a film revolves around one character, but when you watch Kaala and step out of the theatre, the story and the characters in it will linger in your mind. He has wonderfully captured the emotions and struggles of slum dwellers and brought them to life."
The actor also went on to praise the work of the film's composer Santosh Narayanan and his co-stars. "Santosh Narayanan has put his heart and soul into making Kaala a spectacular film. My co-stars, Eswari Rao and Huma Qureshi, too, have acted with great sincerity." About Dhanush, he said, "He has not only proved his mettle as an actor but also as a producer in Tamil. And now, he is gearing up for the reaction of the Telugu audience. I take this opportunity to thank everyone for their efforts."
Rajinikanth Dhanush Kaala NTR Pa Ranjith


In today's increasingly uncertain, yet heavily regulated business environment, professionals across a range of departments must understand how to navigate the law to minimize risk. As the costs of compliance increase1, firms are seeking more targeted risk management outcomes, including value-add compliance skills2. The online Master of Studies in Law, Business Law & Compliance Track is designed for all working professionals facing regulatory uncertainty. A wide-range of courses allows professionals to focus on the areas of law most relevant to their workplace and position.
This list includes all courses within the Business Law & Compliance Track. Actual course offerings vary per semester.


text:
FINGLISH / revised
VESA OJA
Streets Lined with Gold
My uncle Eino left Riihimäki in South Finland in 1928, at the age of 23. He followed the route taken by emigrants from the port of Hanko to Stockholm and from there to Gothenburg, where he boarded the SS Drottningholm that took him, via England to Halifax in Canada. Eino settled at Sioux Lookout in North Western Ontario in the middle of an area inhabited by Ojibway Indians. The town was a lively location on the transcontinental railroad, with logging and mining activities in the large surrounding area.
Eino started working in a goldmine in Jackson Manion, Northern Ontario. He had worked on the railroad in Finland since the age of 15 and in Canada he found work as a carpenter with the Canadian National Railway Company. He was on the company's bridge and building crew – B&B gang, repairing and building bridges and train stations. Eino met Hanna, who had come from Lapinlahti Finland to Canada in 1930 to work as maid; they were married and built a small house.
Eino and Hanna had two daughters, Agnes and Margaret. Hanna then became suddenly ill and died, leaving Eino alone with the two little girls. My aunt Mirjami came from Finland to help. This was in the early 1950s. At Sioux Lookout, Mirjami met Sulev, an Estonian. They moved to the mining town of Sudbury, Ontario and were married. Eino was again alone with his daughters and the three of them had to manage on their own.
Tracing Eino and Mirjami
I visited Mirjami and Sulev in 1972. Owing to the emissions of its nickel smelting plant Sudbury was a treeless and gloomy town. Sulev was a foreman in the mine and Mirjami taught Finnish to the children of immigrants. When I visited Sudbury they had just moved into a new house.
A few years later, Mirjami fell seriously ill with cancer. A fund was established in her memory at the Laurentian University of Sudbury providing grants for students of Finnish and Estonian descent. I never met Eino, who had died from the after-effects of a sudden stroke in 1960.
I set out to look for traces of my uncle and aunt in 2004. Guided by my cousins, we drove to Sioux Lookout, stopping along the way to meet their friends and acquaintances on Finns Bay Road on the shore of Lake Huron. There, in Lily's sauna, I got the idea to photograph the descendants of Finnish immigrants. I listened to 94-year-old Lily correcting the way her friend Ilmi spoke, as Lily felt that Finglish –Finnish mixed with English words – was not a proper language, while Ilmi had never heard any other kind of Finnish.
At Sioux Lookout we stayed in a comfortable house built by Eino still standing on the corner of Eighth Avenue and Prince Street. There were still childhood friends of my cousins in the neighbourhood, but most of the residents of the town are Ojibway Indians. Passenger traffic on the railroad ended years ago, but there are still freight trains.
Temples of labour and heaven
On my many travels I have photographed and talked with hundreds of American and Canadian Finns and their descendants. I've heard unbelievable stories – happy, tragic and touching accounts of what life far away from Finland brought with it. I have photographed places that exemplify Finnish immigrant history — including landscapes, and churches and halls that were built through the volunteer efforts of the congregations and organizations that used them. I have driven tens of thousands of miles, touring the Great Lakes area on several occasions, and I've been to Butte, St. Louis, Red Lodge, Miami, Palm Beach, San Francisco, Oregon and the fells of Alaska, as listed in their Finglish versions by the American-Finnish singer and songwriter Hiski Salomaa in his classic song Lännen lokari (The Logger of the West) from 1930.
Hiski was a Wobbly – tuplajuulainen ("double u-er") in Finnish – a member of the syndicalist Industrial Workers of the World. The IWW believed in one big union and direct action. Finns in the United States and Canada were also active in socialist and communist organizations, as well as the co-operative movement. In the 1920s almost half of all the members of the Communist Party of the United States were Finns. In the 1930s some of them went to build Soviet Karelia and met with a tragic fate during Stalin's purges; only few of them survived. All the different groups had their own newspapers, the syndicalists published Industrialisti, the socialists Raivaaja and the communists issued Työmies-Eteenpäin. Disputes weakened and finally split the left-wing workers' movement.
Finnish left-wing organizations, temperance associations and the Finnish-nationalist Kaleva movement built hundreds of halls in different parts of North America. The Kaleva organization still has the Knights and Ladies of Kaleva, originally founded as a secret society, and focusing on charity and maintaining Finnish culture.
Alongside political movements, various pastimes drew Finns together. Drama societies, choirs and sports clubs thrived. People travelled long distances to listen to Viola Turpeinen's orchestra. There are still many halls, but only a few of them are owned by Finns.
Religious communities, Evangelical – Suomi Synodi, National - Kansalliskirkko and Apostolic Lutherans - Lestadiolainen, as well as Finnish Congregationalists - Vapaakirkko and Finnish Pentecostals - Helluntailainen, each built their own places of worship throughout the North American Finntowns. For example, the small community of Atlantic Mine, Michigan has three Finnish Lutheran churches of which two are Apostolic Lutherans; two of them existing side-by-side and sharing a parking lot.
All the different groups had their places for spending the summer on the lakeshore, sometimes next to each other like the Kaleva movement's Sampo Beach and the cooperatives' Co-op Beach near Duluth, Minnesota.
Finns also founded utopian communities, which, however, disbanded due to changing economics and inner disputes. The best-known one was Sointula, headed by the charismatic Matti Kurikka on Malcolm Island (Fi. Malkosaari) on the west coast of Canada in the early 1900s. When Sointula failed, Kurikka was expelled, but undaunted he founded a second community near Vancouver, British Columbia called Sammon Takojat. A cooperative farm was also launched in Jesup, Georgia in the United States and a similar venture in Redwood Valley, California. Descendants of the Finnish immigrants still live in these communities.
Finnish baking and folk dances
Many descendants of Finnish immigrants maintain their Finnish identity at the annual national festivals Finn Fest USA and Canadian Grand Festival - Suurjuhlat. Wilho Saari plays the stringed kantele; people dance to the Finn Hall Band; Conga Se Menne [a wordplay on "Kuinka se menee?" (How's it going?)] plays American Finnish reggae; Jorma Kaukonen plays roots music on the guitar and talks are given by Finnish American, Finnish Canadian and Finnish historians.
Over the generations, everyday life has become American or Canadian. Mementoes of Finland in homes consist of flags, ornamental objects and national costumes. The tools and implements of grandparents may be kept and Finnish cuisine is cherished. Younger generations learn to bake traditional Finnish pulla coffee bread, Karelian pasties or rye bread using starter passed on from a grandmother.
Some second and third generation immigrants still speak Finnish. In many cases it is the dialect of their parents' home regions, of a kind that is no longer heard in Finland. The Finnish spoken by some gains an extra flavour from English, or Finglish vocabulary, with words such as peikkaa – bake, äpylipai – apple pie, pilttaa –build, neepörhut – neighbourhood, tauni – town and many others.
Children and grandchildren can be sent to the Finnish summer camp Salolampi at Concordia College in Bemidji, Minnesota, while many senior citizens migrate for the winter to the Finnish communities in Florida. The Finn Hall culture still thrives at the Finland House – Suomi Talo in Lantana and at the American Finnish Club – Kerhotalo in Lake Worth, where visitors can have a Finnish pancake breakfast, dance, sing karaoke or use a library. There is also a Finnish bakery selling Karelian pasties, and Irma's hairdressing salon.
Homesickness for Finland can also be assuaged by watching Carl Pellonpää's "Finland Calling" television program from Michigan on the Internet or by listening to Osmo Kanerva's "Finnish Window" radio show from Florida. Trips to the old country are arranged every summer.
Finntowns and farm country
The old Finntowns of the cities have dried up. African Americans first moved to Finntown in Harlem, and now the middle class of New York is buying apartments there. Expensive investment condos have been built at the legendary 5th Avenue Finnish Hall. A few Finns still live in old cooperative apartment buildings in Brooklyn´s Finntown. Puerto Ricans and Chinese have moved into the area and the affluent white middle class may yet discover the fine row houses of Sunset Park, known in Finnish as Pukinmäki – Goat Hill. The old Finnish churches and halls are now used by other immigrant groups.
The vast majority of the descendants of Finnish immigrants still live in the Great Lakes region in Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Ontario. Many Finnish farm communities have emptied as the youth joined their American and Canadian neighbours to study and work in metropolitan areas. When they can, they return to their cabins and saunas along lakes - to sauna, to fish and feel connected to Finland.
From Finland to become Americans
The stories of Eino and Mirjami are part of the history of hundreds of Finns, who set out to find streets lined with gold in North America. There are almost 800,000 of their descendants throughout the continent. Finns emigrated in the hope of a better life and future, because of hunger or to escape conscription in the Russian army. They worked in mines, factories, construction, logging or in domestic service, usually in occupations where hardly any language skills were needed. They would save for their dream, a farm of their own, and they would remember a homeland to which they would never returned by giving their communities names such as Kaleva, Elo, Toivola, Nisula, Heinola, Onnela and Suomi.
Eino and Hanna, the parents of my cousins born in Sioux Lookout in Canada were completely Finnish. But their grandchildren, all born in the United States, are fourth-generation American Finns, or because of intermarriage may also be American Polish, American French and American English, depending on which side of their family is asked. They are thus typical Americans.
FINGLISH Vesa Oja, Musta Taide 2013, ISBN 978-952-292-004-1
© 2015 - 2022 Vesa Oja


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Q: Spark StringIndexer consistent output value for given input Is it possible to use Spark's StringIndexer to consistently return the same output for a given input (I.e a column labelled 'Apple' will always output say '56.0')
The use case is when indexing multiple DataFrames and not all the inputs are inclusive in both but, you want to ensure ones which are, are converted to the same indexed value.
I'm trying to avoid my own String => Number mapping and wondered if StringIndexer could do this.

A: After looking some more I came across this similar post:
Spark ML StringIndexer Different Labels Training/Testing
If you save the StringIndexerModel used firstly and reuse it for transformation of any further DataFrames you'll get the same outputs.
I've flagged this post as a duplicate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We have all suffered from these annoying dangerous spam emails. Most of us still do. There are excellent anti spam solutions in the market, there is no reason to tolerate this no more.
To understand the solution we must first understand the problem. So, what is this spam email? Spam is unsolicited, unwanted, irrelevant or inappropriate email. Spam email is mostly used for commercial purposes. Spam emails are also known as "junk mails".
So, why do people are constantly searching for the best spam blockers? Why do the market of anti spam solution rolls billions of dollars a year? Well, these spam emails are time consuming and are annoying. But, more than that, they cost a lot of money. Why? First, because time is money. But more than that, billions of spam emails are loading lots of unnecessary data over the servers.
Therefore, big software companies constantly develop anti spam solutions, spam blockers and email spam filters.
1. Anti spam solutions check the senders' names and addresses and filter the spam emails according to a black list of spammers they own and update.
2. Anti spam solutions check the recipients' names and addresses and according to certain parameters, they filter the emails. Fr example, if the mail is sent to a large group sorted alphabetically, the email is considered spam.
3. Anti spam solution scan the emails (Their subject and body) and search for certain words or phrases such as "Viagra" and filter the spam email accordingly.
There are many kinds of anti spam solutions such as anti spam lotus, anti spam exchange 5.5, anti spam for outlook express and others. Some work on the server layer and some on the client layer. But basically, they all do the same job - Make your life better.


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New Ruling by Attorney General Drastically Affects Many Asylum Applicants
Posted by Matthew Green | Jul 16, 2018 | 0 Comments
On June 11, 2018, Attorney General Sessions issued a precedential decision in Matter of A-B-, 27 I&N Dec. 316 (A.G. 2018). The decision overrules a prior decision, Matter of A-R-C-G-, 26 I&N Dec. 338 (BIA 2014), which held that in some circumstances, domestic violence survivors could receive asylum protection. Additionally, A-B- attacks asylum claims involving harm by organized crime, cartels, and gangs, otherwise known as "non-state actors." As the New York Times was quick to point out, by issuing this new decision, the Attorney General "made it all but impossible for asylum seekers to gain entry into the United States by citing fears of domestic abuse or gang violence, in a ruling that could have a broad effect on the flow of migrants from Central America." "Mr. Sessions's decision overturns a precedent set during the Obama administration that allowed more women to claim credible fears of domestic abuse and will make it harder for such arguments to prevail in immigration courts."
Women often experience human rights abuses that are particular to their gender, such as rape, domestic violence, female genital mutilation, forced relationships, honor killing, and trafficking. At the Law Offices of Matthew H. Green, we share the opinion of other immigration advocates in condemning this decision, and strongly disagree with the Attorney General's decision. As a group of 16 retired immigration judges stated the day after the decision was issued, "[f[or reasons understood only by himself, the Attorney General today erased an important legal development that was universally agreed to be correct. Today we are deeply disappointed that our country will no longer offer legal protection to women seeking refuge from terrible forms of domestic violence from which their home countries are unable or unwilling to protect them. We hope that appellate courts or Congress through legislation will reverse this unilateral action and return the rule of law to asylum adjudications."
On July 11, 2018, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) published a policy memorandum that essentially instructs its asylum officers, who conduct credible and reasonable fear interviews, to deny any claims based on persecution arising from domestic violence or gang-related sources. As the American Immigration Lawyers Association concludes, this guidance "profoundly restricts the ability of vulnerable individuals to obtain asylum or refugee status in the United States and will result in the deportation of bona fide asylum seekers who are fleeing life-threatening danger." The USCIS memorandum, together with Matter of A-B-, will lead to widespread USCIS denials of asylum cases in which the person is seeking protection from domestic violence or persecution by powerful transnational criminal organizations referred to as "gangs." The memorandum gives strongly-worded instruction to USCIS personnel that such claims do not typically qualify for asylum: "In general…claims based on membership in a putative particular social group defined by the members' vulnerability to harm of domestic violence or gang violence will not establish the basis for asylum, refugee status, or a credible or reasonable fear of persecution." (emphasis in original). While the memorandum does not absolutely rule out that such claims could qualify, it instructs officers that they should rarely grant relief in these cases: "Officers should be alert that under the standards clarified in Matter of A-B-, few gangbased or domestic-violence claims involving particular social groups defined by the members' vulnerability to harm may merit a grant of asylum or refugee status." (emphasis added).
However, it is absolutely possible to challenge the legality of Matter of A-B- and the new policy memorandum. First, The memorandum attempts to elevate decisions by the Attorney General and the Board of Immigration Appeals above the precedents established by federal courts of appeal as they apply to credible fear screening. This appears to mark a shift from prior USCIS policy providing that, when circuit court interpretations of a legal issue pertinent to a credible fear screening conflict with each other, and DHS policy does not address the issue, the USCIS adjudicator should apply the "[c]ircuit interpretation most favorable to the applicant."
More broadly, the memorandum's assertion that the Attorney General and Board's decisions override federal court precedent and are immune to federal court review is both self-contradictory and at odds with core constitutional principles. USCIS cannot on the one hand instruct asylum officers to "apply the case law of a relevant federal circuit court" when conducting credible fear determinations, then suggest on the other hand that the case law of that jurisdiction is irrelevant because DHS may later shunt the applicant to a different jurisdiction. However, the overwhelming weight of legal authority, including Supreme Court decisions, indicate the reviewability of Board of Immigration Appeals and Attorney General decisions by federal courts.
The attorneys at the Law Offices of Matthew H. Green are no strangers to challenging unconstitutional practices by the Department of Justice. For our part, we intend to challenge Matter of A-B- and the July 11, 2018 policy memorandum head on. Doing so will likely require a much more thorough and aggressive approach to defending asylum-seekers, and it will likely require challenges in a variety of immigration courts, U.S. District Courts, and Circuit Courts of Appeal. However, with the proper strategy, we feel confident that thoughtful litigation strategies will ultimately be successful in rolling back and limiting the scope of Matter of A-B-, and will open the gates again to legitimate domestic violence and gang-based asylum claims.
Matthew Green
Managing Attorney. Green | Evans-Schroeder (formerly Law Offices of Matthew H. Green) focuses on the aggressive defense of immigrants. A native of Arizona, Mr. Green understands the difficulties that immigrants and families of immigrants face when a loved one is charged with a crime. He knows how frightening it can be for some...


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Henri Parenteau est un homme politique français né le  à Luçon (Vendée) et décédé le  à Sainte-Hermine.

Propriétaire terrien, il est conseiller municipal de Sainte-Hermine en 1830 et suppléant du juge de paix. Il est député de la Vendée de 1848 à 1849, siégeant à droite.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Député de la Vendée
Membre de l'Assemblée constituante de 1848
Naissance en novembre 1800
Naissance à Luçon
Décès en mars 1875
Décès dans la Vendée
Décès à 74 ans


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Johnson v. R. R
United States v. Goodman
The plain truth of the matter is that it is well nigh impossible to determine with any degree of certainty, a…
Williamson v. N.C. Dept. of Transportation
However, "[d]amages which are uncertain and speculative . . . are too remote to be recoverable." Johnson v.…
Full title:J. J. JOHNSON v. ATLANTIC COAST LINE RAILROAD COMPANY
113 S.E. 606 (N.C. 1922)
113 S.E. 606
(Filed 27 September, 1922.)
1. Damages — Consequential Damages — Contracts — Breach — Tort.
Consequential damages awarded in an action for breach of contract must be such as may fairly have been in the contemplation of the parties at the time the contract was made; and in tort arising therefrom, such as must be the natural and proximate consequence of the act complained of, and as naturally arising, according to the usual course of things, from the breach of the contract, in the absence of malice, fraud, oppression, or evil intent; and these damages are practically the same whether they arise either by breach of contract or in the tort resulting therefrom. As to whether the time of the application of the principle is the same as to actions arising from breach of the contract, and the tort committed, quere, the question not being presented by the facts of this case.
2. Damages — Contracts — Torts — Duty of Injured Party.
The party damaged by either a breach of contract or in tort therein arising is required to do what he can in the exercise of a reasonable care and diligence to avoid or lessen the consequence of the wrong, and for any part of the loss incident to such failure no recovery can be had.
3. Same — Carriers of Goods — Railroads — Ejecting Passenger.
A passenger wrongfully ejected from the defendant carrier's passenger train is not entitled to recover consequential damages in his action for the loss of his rights and consequent profits under a contract he had made with a third person, of which the carrier was unaware, and caused by the failure of the passenger to meet an appointment with laborers at his destination, necessary to the performance of his contract.
APPEAL by defendant from Horton, J., at January Term, 1922, of WASHINGTON.
W. L. Whitley for plaintiff.
Z. V. Norman for defendant.
Plaintiff J. J. Johnson boarded the defendant's train on 10 July, 1920, at Bowden, N.C. en route to Norfolk, Va., having purchased a ticket at Bowden to Rocky Mount. He was ejected from the train by the conductor at Dudley, N.C. for failure to produce his ticket. The jury found that the ejection was wrongful, and answered the issue as to compensatory damages $1,000.
Exceptions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are taken to the admission of certain evidence showing that the plaintiff had a logging contract with the Rowland Lumber Company, that he had an appointment to meet certain laborers in Norfolk, Va., and bring them to Bowden, N.C. to be hired by him for the purpose of performing the said logging contract, and that he was en route to Norfolk when he was ejected from the train of the defendant. That his contract depended upon the services of these laborers, and if he failed to keep the work going he would lose his job. That on account of being ejected from the train he missed his appointment, lost his men, and his contract with said lumber company was canceled.
The court submitted two issues to the jury, which were answered as follows:
"1. Did the defendant wrongfully eject the plaintiff from its train, as alleged in the complaint? Answer: `Yes.'
"If so, what damage, if any, has the plaintiff sustained thereby? Answer: `$1,000.'"
The court charged the jury as to certain elements of damage, such as humiliation, mental anguish, bodily pain, the loss of time and money, and then gave the following instruction: "And in addition to that, he was a man who had a contract on which he was making $300 a week clear profit by carrying men over to the Rowland Lumber Company and logging and digging railroads for them; that he had an engagement in the city of Norfolk that night and left Bowden intending to go there and fill that engagement and get those men and carry them back so he could continue to make $300 a week, and by reason of the fact that he was wrongfully ejected from this train, he was caused to lose a good deal of time, which made him lose this engagement in Norfolk, and by so doing these men were scattered and he couldn't round them up, and that fact caused him to lose his contract with the Rowland Lumber Company, and he lost a great deal of money, loss of profit and time and money, all as he contends, naturally and reasonably and properly flowing from the wrongful conduct of defendant towards him, and that when you sum up all these elements of damages that he is entitled to — compensatory damages — that you ought to find some large amount, around $3,000." And again, in that connection, the court gave the following charge to the jury: "As to this issue of damages, the court charges you that if the plaintiff has satisfied you by the evidence, and by its greater weight, that he is entitled to damages, he is entitled to recover as actual or compensatory damages a fair and just compensation for all loss that he has sustained that naturally flows from the wrongful conduct, if you find from the evidence, and the greater weight thereof, that the same was caused wrongfully by the defendant towards him. This would include loss of time and personal inconvenience, if any, and any financial and pecuniary loss, if any. If you find from the evidence, and by its greater weight, that the conduct of the defendant was wrongful in ejecting him from the train, you will answer this issue whatever amount you are satisfied from the evidence, and by its greater weight, that the plaintiff had sustained according to that measure of damages, if you find he is entitled to recover at all. It is a question of fact for you. The court has no opinion of its own as to what your answer will be. The court has merely stated the contentions of the plaintiff and the defendant and the evidence bearing on the contentions."
Exceptions were duly taken to these instructions. Judgment upon the verdict, and defendant appealed.
WALKER, J.
After stating the material facts: We are of the opinion that the learned judge erred in the instructions to the jury which are above stated.
The question as to the measure of damages, in cases of this kind, has been much discussed by this Court in several cases, and the law thoroughly settled.
The Court said in Lee v. R. R., 136 N.C. 533, 535: "It is immaterial whether we treat the cause of action as for a breach of contract or for a negligent omission to perform a public duty arising out of a contract of carriage. The damages in either case are confined to such as were reasonably within the contemplation of the parties when the contract was made by which the duty to the plaintiffs was assumed." Whether this is strictly accurate where the action is one for the tort, in respect to the time when the damages should be in contemplation of the parties, that is, whether at the time of the commission of the tort, or at the time the contract of carriage was entered into, we will not now inquire, for it will suffice for our purpose in this case if we assume that it is the time when the tort was committed, and in the case where the action is in contract, at the time of making the contract, for we think that in either case the failure to employ the laborers at Norfolk, and the subsequent loss of plaintiff's contract with the Rowland Lumber Company, should not have been considered in assessing the damages.
It is said in Penn v. Tel. Co., 159 N.C. at pp. 310 and 311: "In so far as mental anguish is concerned, except in cases where punitive damages are sought and allowable, and except as to the time when the relevant circumstances are to be noted and considered, the amount is very much the same whether the recovery is had in contract or in tort. In the one case those damages are allowed which were in the reasonable contemplation of the parties when the contract was made, and in the other the consequential losses resulting from the tort, and which were natural and probable at the time the tort was committed. Hale on Damages, p. 48. Speaking to these principles, and their practical application, in Scott and Jarnagan's `Law of Telegraphs,' it is said: `But when the contract between the parties does not show they had in contemplation this wider range in the estimate of damages (in contract), the measure of damages seems to be substantially the same in either kind of action. The true rule of estimating damages in actions ex contractu may be stated thus: The defendant is liable only for damages as may fairly and substantially be considered as arising naturally, i. e., according to the usual course of things, from the breach of the contract, or — and here is where the measure of damages takes a wider range — for whatever damages may fairly be supposed to have been within the contemplation of the parties. The rule in actions ex delicto is that the damages to be recovered must be the natural and proximate consequence of the act complained of. This is the rule when no malice, fraud, oppression, or evil intent intervenes. The damages which may be considered as arising naturally, according to the usual course of things, from the breach of the contract, are substantially the same as damages which are the natural and proximate consequences of the wrong complained of." "There is one principal difference in the element of damages obtaining in breach of contract and consequential damages arising from a tort. In the one case damages are recovered, as a rule, on relevant facts in the reasonable contemplation of the parties at the time the contract is made, and in the other on the facts existent, or as they reasonably appeared to the parties at the time of the tort committed." Peanut Co. v. R. R., 155 N.C. 152.
And the present Chief Justice says, in Kennon v. Tel. Co., 126 N.C. 232: "It is immaterial under our system of practice whether the action is in tort for the negligence in the discharge of a public duty or for breach of contract for prompt delivery, for the recovery in either case is compensation for the injury done the plaintiff, and which was reasonably in contemplation of the parties as the natural result of the breach of the contract or default in discharging the duty undertaken." See, also, Foard v. R. R., 53 N.C. 235; Sharpe v. R. R., 130 N.C. 613; Newsome v. Tel. Co., 153 N.C. 153. Damages are measured, in matters of this kind, not only by the well known rule laid down in Hadley v. Baxendale, 9 Exch., 341, but they must not be the remote, but the proximate consequence of a breach of contract, or the wrong, and must not be speculative or contingent. Byrd v. Express Co., 139 N.C. 273. It is an elementary principle that all damages must flow directly and naturally from the wrong, and that they must be certain both in their nature and in respect to the cause from which they proceed. Shearman and Redfield on Neg., secs. 25, 26. Damages which are uncertain and speculative, or which are not the natural and probable result of the breach, are too remote to be recoverable. 2 Joyce, sec. 1284. It is universally held that damages are not to be based upon mere conjectural probability of future loss or gain. 8 A. E., 610, and cases cited. Something more than a possible result must appear. Newsome v. Tel. Co., supra. It is stated in 5 Ruling Case Law, at sec. 773, p. 148, that a loss of profits which an ejected passenger might have made in carrying out a contract that he abandoned because partly disabled by his injuries, but which loss is not the natural and proximate result of the ejection, does not constitute an element of recoverable damages. And damages resulting to an ejected passenger from his loss of work, by reason of his delay at the station at which he was compelled to leave the train, are too remote to be considered, citing Wells v. Boston M. R. Co., 82 Vt. 108; Carsten v. Northern Pac. R. Co., 44 Minn. 454. See, also, Tillinghast v. Cotton Mills, 143 N.C. 268; Hardware Co. v. Buggy Co., 167 N.C. 423; Gardner v. Tel. Co., 171 N.C. 405; Sledge v. Reid, 73 N.C. 440; and in Bridgers v. Dill, 97 N.C. 222, where the distinction between direct and proximate damages and secondary or consequential damages is well stated and aptly illustrated by reference to Sledge v. Reid, supra. In that case (Sledge v. Reid, supra), which was an action to recover damages for the killing of two mules, it was held that the proximate damage to the plaintiff was the loss of the mules, and his failure to make a crop was the secondary consequence, resulting from the wrong, and was too remote and uncertain; but in this case the injury to the crop was the direct and proximate damage resulting from the wrong of the defendants in repeatedly pulling down the fence and exposing the crop to the prey of cattle. It is well established that, in a "pure tort," the wrongdoer is responsible for all damages directly caused by his misconduct, and for all indirect or consequential damages which are the natural and probable effect of the wrong, under the facts as they exist at the time the same is committed, and which can be ascertained with a reasonable degree of certainty. Johnson v. R. R., 140 N.C. 574; Sharpe v. Powell, 7 L. R., 1892, p. 253; 8 A. E., p. 598; Hale on Damages, 34, 35 et seq. This last author, in substance, says that a wrongdoer is liable for all damages which are the proximate effect of his wrong, and not for those which are remote; "that direct losses are necessarily proximate, and compensation therefor is always recoverable; that consequential losses are proximate when the natural and probable effect of the wrong." A well recognized restriction, applying in cases of tort and contract, and as to both elements of damages, is to the effect that the injured party must do what he can in the exercise of reasonable care and diligence to avoid or lessen the consequences of the wrong, and for any part of the loss incident to such failure no recovery can be had. This limitation was approved by us in a case of contract, in Tillinghast v. Cotton Mills, 143 N.C. 268, and directly applied to a case of tort, in R. R. v. Hardware Co., 143 N.C. 54. Bowen v. King, 146 N.C. at pp. 385 and 390.
But how can it be said that indirect or consequential damages for the commission of a tort, if founded upon a contract, are the natural and probable effect of the wrong, under the facts as they exist at the time the same is committed, if they are such as are not known to the wrongdoer, and could not be contemplated by him? In such a case, he cannot be said to have intended a result as the one flowing naturally or consequentially from his wrongful act, of which he was totally ignorant. Therefore it is that, in such cases, the law does not charge him with such damages, but only with those which the parties contemplated as likely or probably would be caused by a breach of the contract of carriage, by requiring the plaintiff to leave the car, for this substantially is the tort or wrong complained of. The liability of the defendant would be stretched entirely too far, and much beyond what justice and the necessities of the case require, if damages, which would be greatly out of proportion to the injury wrought by the unlawful act, could thus be exacted. Responsibility for damages which would include his failure to realize the benefit of every contract or business transaction of the passenger thus ejected from a train would render transportation of passengers too hazardous and destructive in character to be undertaken by any prudent persons or association of them.
It was said in Squire v. Telegraph Co., 98 Mass. 277 (93 Am. Dec., 157), in commenting upon and approving the rule formulated in 1854 by Baron Alderson, for the Court, in Hadley v. Baxendale, 9 Exch., 341: "A rule of damages which should embrace within its scope all the consequences which might be shown to have resulted from a failure or omission to perform a stipulated duty or service, would be a serious hindrance to the operations of commerce, and to the transaction of the common business of life. The effect would be to impose a liability wholly disproportionate to the nature of the act or service which a party has bound himself to perform, and to the compensation paid and received therefor." This language of the Court in 98 Mass. 277, was approved by us in Williams v. Tel. Co., 136 N.C. 82. The rule of damages, as framed for the Court by Baron Alderson, in Hadley v. Baxendale, and generally adopted by the courts since that time, may well be repeated here with the learned Baron's comments thereon, and the reasons in support of the rule, as the latter bear directly upon the particular question we have been discussing: "Now we think the proper rule in such a case as the present is this: Where two parties have made a contract which one of them has broken, the damages which the other party ought to receive in respect of such breach of contract should be such as may fairly and reasonably be considered either arising naturally, i. e., according to the usual course of things, from such breach of contract itself, or such as may reasonably be supposed to have been in the contemplation of both parties, at the time they made the contract, as the probable result of the breach of it. Now, if the special circumstances under which the contract was actually made were communicated by the plaintiffs to the defendants, and thus known by both parties, the damages resulting from the breach of such a contract, which they would reasonably contemplate, would be the amount of injury which would ordinarily follow from a breach of contract under these special circumstances so known and communicated. But, on the other hand, if these special circumstances were wholly unknown to the party breaking the contract, he, at the most, could only be supposed to have had in his contemplation the amount of injury which would arise generally, and in a great multitude of cases not affected by any special circumstances, from such a breach of contract. For, had the special circumstances been known, the parties might have specially provided for the breach of contract by special terms as to the damages in that case; and of this advantage it would be very unjust to deprive them."
Now, can it be said that damages arising from plaintiff's failure to meet the men at Norfolk, or the loss of plaintiff's employment by the lumber company, can both, or either, "be fairly and reasonably" considered either as arising naturally, i. e., according to the usual course of things, from the carrier's breach of contract, or his tort, by whichever name it may be called, or such as may reasonably be supposed to have been in contemplation of both parties at the time the contract of carriage was made, or at the time of the breach or tort complained of by the plaintiff? Such a loss, or such damages as are now claimed, would not ordinarily nor naturally and probably flow from the wrongful act of the carrier in refusing to transport the plaintiff beyond the place where he left the train. The justice and wisdom of the rule, both in cases of contracts and of torts growing out of contracts, is apparent, and for this reason we have approved and applied it generally to cases such as the one we now have before us. Ashe v. DeRosset, 50 N.C. 299; 72 Am. Dec., 552; Spencer v. Hamilton, 113 N.C. 49; 37 Am. St. Rep., 611; Herring v. Armwood, 130 N.C. 177; 57 L.R.A., 958. It has been applied, as we have seen, in actions against telegraph companies for negligence in transmitting and delivering messages. Tel. Co. v. Hall, 124 U.S. 444; Cannon v. Tel. Co., 100 N.C. 300; Kennon v. Tel. Co., 126 N.C. 232. And the same has been done in other jurisdictions. Mackay v. Telegraph Co., 16 Nev. 222; Frazer v. Telegraph Co., 84 Ala. 487; Baldwin v. Telegraph Co., 45 N.Y., 744; 6 Am. Rep., 165; Telegraph Co. v. Gildersleeve, 29 Md. 232;
96 Am.Dec., 519; Landsberger v. Telegraph Co., 32 Barb., 530; Candee v. Telegraph Co., 34 Wis. 471; 17 Am. Rep., 452; Beaupre v. Telegraph Co., 21 Minn. 155.
The other exceptions require no separate consideration or discussion at this time. The alleged errors may not occur again.
New trial.


Moria Elea Monovarietal Manaki and Koroneiki is a series of Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Greece.
Based on the same myth concept as Moria Elea Deluxe, these two packagings were minimally screen-printed, leaving the logo and an olive branch sketch unprinted, allowing the olive oil colour to be visible. An elegant, round, wooden cap gives an extra premium touch.


Well... Roxas is a good friend..
He was the one responsible for Admiral leaving. Still want him there?
Then it's true. The BM don't just abandon each other. That's a comitment I can get behind.
So may I join the BM? Idc if Roxas is there so long as I have people in a group I can trust.
I know this is kinda old, but since when has this been about me at all? If you ever read this, just let your rage die out.
I am not much bothered about others but I am sure this will be interesting.
We all moved to xat.com/Meltdownn .


text:
Q: Close Modal Bottom Sheet programmatically In the below example, I have opened up a modal bottom sheet on pressed of a Raised button In the opened sheet, I have another icon that opens up another sheet but I want to close down the first sheet after the opening of the second-bottom sheet. How can I achieve this?
         import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

        class SecondScreen extends StatefulWidget {
         @override
        _SecondScreenState createState() => _SecondScreenState();
        }

        class _SecondScreenState extends State<SecondScreen> {
           @override
            Widget build(BuildContext context) {
              return Center(
                child: Container(
                 child:RaisedButton(child: Text('Click'), onPressed: () => _openSheet()),
                     ),
                  );
              }

           _openSheet() {
                        showModalBottomSheet(
                          context: context,
                          builder: (BuildContext context)
                       {
                                return Column(
                                 children: <Widget>[
                                   Container(
                                     height: MediaQuery.of(context).size.height / 2,
                                     width: MediaQuery.of(context).size.width,
                                      child: IconButton(
                                       icon: Icon(Icons.info),
                                        iconSize: 50.0,
                                         onPressed: () => _openSecondSheet(),
                                          ),
                                         ),
                                        ],
                                       );
                                    });
                                  }

                             _openSecondSheet() {
                                showModalBottomSheet(
                               context: context,
                               builder: (BuildContext context) {
                               return Container(
                               height: MediaQuery.of(context).size.height / 3,
                               width: MediaQuery.of(context).size.width,
                               );
                             });
                           }
                        }

A: While opening second sheep pop first one.
onPressed: () {
             Navigator.pop(context);
             _openSecondSheet()
            },


Lighting Store Online - Insmat Caldes, S.L.
Suspension lamp with a curved metal body, aluminum heads and cylindrical acrylic diffuser lens (PMMA), transparent nylon cables, adjustable height.Create your design combining two models volta.
JUNE, floor lamp in beech wood. Screen available in cotton or linen of different finishes. Design by Eloy Puig.
LED floor lamp with steel structure and 3 spotlights adjustable on top and dimmable. It is manufactured in 3 finishes; white, black and chrome. Design by Aggo Estudi.
LED direct ceiling ceiling lamp. Aluminum frame available in two finishes; black and white Polycarbonate diffuser. It is manufactured in three sizes; Ø40, Ø60 and Ø80 cm. Dimmable.
Ceiling light with basic lines and cubic volumes that form sculptures integrated into the architecture. Available in 2 finishes; Matt cream lacquer or Matt grey lacquer and 3 sizes.
Ceiling light where different cubic volumes meet or expand to provide flexible solutions, maintaining spatial order. Available in 2 finishes; lacquered matt grey and matt cream lacquered.
The new Rec Mini Double wall lamp is a UP & DOWN LED luminaire with pure lines and minimalist design. Available in matt white and matt black.
The new Rec Double wall lamp is a UP & DOWN LED luminaire with pure lines and minimalist design. Available in matt white and matt black.
Rec Mini is a LED appliance that is especially ideal to carry out wall washer functions. This is a luminary that perfectly fits into projects that prioritise the comfort given by indirect lighting.
Apply special wall for bathrooms because of its high tightness. Available in two types of chromium longitudinal measures . Its uniqueness are 2 LED light bulbs , one upper and one lower.
Glass wall or ceiling. Thanks to its IP54 can be installed indoors and outdoors. 6W LED bulb GX53 includes 400 lumens. 3000ºK color temperature (warm white). Daifuku Designs design.
LED portable table lamp without cables. 7h operation thanks to its battery. It is supplied with charger. Available in white or black finish. Touch dimmer.
Table lamp made of alabaster dimmable suitable for exterior and interior use. Rechargable induction battery.IP66. Optimum use 8 hours. Recharges in 4 hours. Design by Jordi Veciana.
Pendant providing direct and indirect light. Shade is made of a satinated glass and decorative aluminum rings. Adjustable height. Design by Estudi Ribaudí.
Carpyen lamp, design by Nahtrang Disseny. Available in 3 sizes, 43 cm, 55 cm and 75 cms.
Table lamp for outdoor. Metallic structure available in black or rust finish. Beige polyethylene diffuser. IP66. Design of Nahtrang.
Floor / table lamp for outdoor made of dove concrete and frosted glass diffuser. IP65. Light Source LED 13W 3000K. Available in indoor version. Design by Edmondo Testaguzza.
Floor lamp for outdoor. Metallic structure available in black or rust finish. Beige polyethylene diffuser. IP66. Design of Nahtrang.
Maxi, LED floor outdoor signature Bover, white polyethylene material, imitating tissue of pleated Ribbon, with IP55 protection outdoor. The light source is protected by a screen of polyethylene.
Floor lamp made in stainless tube and synthetic fiber display with three options of color: brown, light beige and ivory white. Especially suitable for outdoor use. Design by Joana Bover.
Collection of LED indirect light lamps for outdoor. Fun collection of 3 different tool shapes. Structure of White Tecnopolymer. IP65. Design by Matteo Ugolini.
Floor lamp for outdoor made of dove concrete and frosted glass diffuser. IP65. Light Source LED 13W 3000K. Available in indoor version. Design by Edmondo Testaguzza.
IP54 outdoor wall / ceiling light. Iron structure in brass finish. Crystal diffuser. Available in 2 sizes.
Outdoor wall light indirect LED light. IP65. Metal structure in matt white or matt black finish. Available in 4 different models.
Wall lamp ACRI 143, outdoor lamp painted with 100% polyester paint, and polymerized at 210ºC to ensure maximum oxidation durability in saline environments. IP-65. Available in 8 different finishes.
Wall lamp ACRI 144, outdoor lamp painted with 100% polyester paint, and polymerized at 210ºC to ensure maximum oxidation durability in saline environments. IP-65. Available in 8 different finishes.
Projector led with integrated driver. Stake and 2 reflectors included. Suitable for installing on the sea front. Structure of anodized aluminum in brown finish. Crystal diffuser.
BOXES is an outdoor lamp with a minimalist design and an adjustable projector. Designed by Josep Lluís Xuclà, it is available in two colours: khaki lacquer or matt oxide. Sandblasted pressed glass.
Submersible lamp. Molded polyethylene structure in one piece in white containing a rechargeable battery with 4 hours autonomy.
Beacon outside. Column head and extruded aluminum painted silver. Opal methacrylate diffuser. Steel anchor includes painted silver and bolts. Designed by Antoni Arola.
Cylindrical shaped lamps evoke enchanting atmospheres through a modern reinterpretation of classic wall-mounted candle holders. Made of white or pewter glass and antique brass.
Steel lantern in finish cor-ten. Height of 28cm. White crystal diffuser. IP65. Available in version with E27 socket or version with LED module.
Oliver is a bollard for outdoor installation that does not rust or degrade like metal. Plain, functional and hard as a rock. Design by Ramón Úbeda & Otto Canalda.
Wall lamp, direct or indirect light, aluminium structure painted in white color. For LED light source. Electronic dimmable driver integrade into the body lamp. Design by Emiliana Martinelli.
Adjustable LED direct light projector. Installing surface. Driver incorporated. Available in 3 finishes and color temperatures 3000K and 4000K. Reflector 40 ° and 60 °. 5 year warranty LED.
Ceiling / wall direct light. DOB LED light source 11W 845 Lumens 2700K. Available in five finishes: lacquered white, black, gold-plated satin, satin nickel, copper and satin. Jordi Jané design.
LED ceiling light. Manufactured in metallic structure in three finishes: white, black and white / black. LED light source with 40º or 60º reflector. Available in on/off or dimmable versions.
Spotlight rail with adjustable cylindrical body. Available with long and short stem stem. It comes in two finishes; chrome or white. It includes rail connector. Stefan Kährs design.
Apply adjustable LED direct light. 4W LED light source 300 lumens 2700K-2900K (warm white). Available in two colors, black and chrome. Stefan Kährs design.
Slimline suspension LED 80 mm high and Ø450 mm. It comes in 10 colors. LED light source 3000K / 4000K. opal diffuser.
Slimline suspension LED 80 mm high and Ø650 mm. It comes in 10 colors. LED light source 3000K / 4000K. opal diffuser.
Slimline suspension LED 80 mm high and Ø950 mm. It comes in 10 colors. LED light source 3000K / 4000K. opal diffuser.
Slimline suspension LED 80 mm high and Ø1250 mm. It comes in 10 colors. LED light source 3000K / 4000K. opal diffuser.
Slimline LED ceiling height of 80 mm. Available in 10 different colors. It is manufactured in 4 lengths. opal diffuser. SAMSUNG LED CRI80. IP33. 3000K color temperature and 4000K.
New Mini version of the Nautilus wall sconce. Apply strong and sophisticated design available in white or black finish. It incorporates 2 LEDs of 6W in temperature 2700K or 3000K.
Indirect wall light with LED reading lamp. Steel frame 300 mm long. Available in 3 finishes; White, matt nickel and chrome. 17W 3000K LED light included.
LED table lamp. Matte black aluminum frame and LED head. Diffuser in tinted PMMA. Dimable touch. Designed by Francesc Vilaró.
Metallic floor lamp LED Lamp. Adjustable lamp in every way. Available in four different finishes; black, matt nickel, white and satin gold. With 540 lumens LED 6,5W 3000ºK. Design Gabriel Teixidó.
LED floor lamp. Matte black aluminum frame and LED head. Diffuser in tinted PMMA. Designed by Francesc Vilaró.
Union to splice rails. Available in two finishes; aluminum or white.
I 90º angle rail aluminum. Available in two versions; connector "T" on the right, and "T" connector on the left.
Side by electrical connection rail. It comes in two finishes; aluminum or white. Elbow available in two versions, inside or outside.
Connection for central power supply rail. Available in two finishes; aluminum or white.
Three-phase surface Troll rail. Available in white, gray and black finish. All connection elements are available on the "Accessories" tab.
LED table lamp with metal structure. Available in 3 finishes: white, black and rusty brown. Design by Nacho Timon.
LED floor lamp with metal structure. Available in 3 finishes: white, black and rusty brown. Dimmable. Design by Nacho Timon.
LED floor lamp with metal structure. Available in 3 finishes: white, black and rusty brown. Design by Nacho Timon.


Lone Signal invites the public to send SMS to the cosmos in hopes to contact aliens.
Beginning June 18th, the Cold War era Jamesburg Earth Station outside Carmel, California will start beaming 144 character text messages to outer space, in hopes of reaching extraterrestrials. And the messages will come from you.


Receive everything from the Full Kit except the Geared Up Garage stamp set, Garage Gears Thinlits Dies, & Sale-a-bration stamp set. This is for anyone who already owns the stamps and dies. You need the stamp set and dies to complete these projects. You will have access to the exclusive video tutorial & downloadable PDF.
You can add any of these items to your kit order.
This class is a pre-order. All products included in the kit will be ordered from Stampin' Up! together after the order deadline. I do not have products on hand to ship. It will take me about one week to order from Stampin' Up!, cut and ship the class kit. I can only sell kits to US residents. PDFs are available to residents outside of the US.
PDF Only – You will receive an email containing the downloadable PDF on March 25th.
How would you like to get your hands on all the Designer Series Paper in the new 2019 Stampin' Up! Occasions Catalog?
By doing a "Paper Share", you get a sampling of ALL the new papers, without having to purchase full packages of all of them.
Pre-order will end on January 2, 2019.
Paper shares will be ordered January 3, 2019.
Total price for the 2019 Occasions Catalog Paper Share (82 pieces) is $25.00 plus USPS Priority Flat Rate shipping of $7.50 (USPS shipping for flat rate is going up January 1, 2019).
Preorder your paper share today!


Aqua Mix Same Day Grout Sealer Double Pack - Two for the Price of One!
A no-sheen, natural look, water-based, nonflammable, aerosol sealer with a 360 nozzle specially formulated for grout. This innovative spray is a quick..


To format XML data, open the file or paste the document in firstobject's free XML editor (foxe) and press F8 to indent XML, or Shift+F8 to align XML against the left margin. The XML formatter, or "XML beautifier," puts each element on its own line making it more pretty and easy to read, and does it fast even on relatively large files over a megabyte. With Tools -> Preferences you can set the type of indent and cause attributes to be placed on separate lines.
The following illustration shows an example of a simple unformatted XML document and some line breaks at odd places.
The Indent (F8) function moves all elements, comments and processing instructions to start on separate lines and indents them to show their hierarchical relationship. Specify indentation by tab or spaces in Tools Preferences. For elements with text content or CDATA Sections the content is not modified.
Since text content is not modified even if it has multiple lines, the appearance will not be as attractive if the document contains multiline text content. However, for simple XML documents the indent XML function produces a very nice result.
Hate to bother you about free software, but ... FirstObject [editor] is really cool, just what we need to edit pfSense-exported firewall config but I cannot get the indenting nor data-on-separate-line to work.
Those dashes shouldn't be there; it looks like you copied and pasted the XML from Internet Explorer or another browser. If the XML file is presented with minus signs in a browser, you need to get the XML file itself by going to Save As from the File menu. With the above example, the firstobject XML editor does nothing when you tell it to format the XML document because the extra dashes confuse it into thinking the root element contains mixed content.
Copying and pasting from that type of browser-view is not reliable because that is a displayable view of the XML, and not the actual XML. You'll not just get extra dashes and plus signs, you can also get decoded character references like quotes in attribute values that make it ill-formed. If you have don't have access to the original XML, you can select the dash and the space and the less than sign start of the tag - <pfsense>, press Ctrl+H and Replace All with just a less than sign. That will probably not mess up any legitimate values in your XML and then format F8 will work fine provided there are no problematic character references in the document.
The Align (Shift+F8) function moves all elements to start on separate lines but lines are not indented. This takes up less disk space than indentation and is sometimes preferred for useability with word wrap or a lot of multi-line data elements.
If you turn on "Attributes on separate lines" in Tools Preferences, this will affect both indented and aligned formatting. The following example shows the result for an indented document.
Use the Tab and Shift+Tab keys to indent selected lines by one and unindent selected lines by one. This only works when the currently selected text includes more than one line. This is also used for programming.
Formatting works by modifying the insignificant whitespace between elements (and between attributes inside start tags). Formatting is primarily for XML without mixed content; elements containing mixed content are left as is. Generally, the editor's formatting functions should not disturb mixed content, however it is possible that significant whitespace in mixed content may be mistaken for insignificant whitespace and be modified.
Formatting works even when there are errors in the XML such as non-ended elements, partially formed tags and lone end tags. Simple rules are applied to the parts containing errors to decide which elements will be represented as containing other elements (see Containment Hierarchy), so that the areas without errors can be formatted. The elements containing errors are not formatted.
Formatting generates the formatted document entirely by copying directly from the old document. Only whitespace is modified (spaces, tabs, carriage returns, and linefeeds). This means that escaped or unescaped characters in the content and attribute values will not be affected, and elements with end tags but containing no data will not be converted to empty elements. In addition, lone end tags and erroneous nodes will be copied over without modification.
The XML formatter can only modify "whitespace" which appears insignificant. Whitespace includes all spaces, returns, newlines and tabs. The formatter can only format sibling elements that are separated by whitespace only.
The em and strong elements would be moved to separate lines and the rendered HTML would show run FAST with a space between the two words instead of runFAST.
Posted 23 Feb 2009. Questions, comments? Contact info@firstobject.com.