text:
Thing #15 Up:
1984 / Box 21 / EiC: Jim Shooter Next:
Prince Namor, The Sub-Mariner #1-4
Alpha Flight #14-17
Issue(s): Alpha Flight #14, Alpha Flight #15, Alpha Flight #16, Alpha Flight #17
Cover Date: Sep-Dec 84
Title: "Biology class" / "Blind date" / "...And forsaking all others..." / "Dreams die hard..."
John Byrne / John Byrne & Chris Claremont - Writer
John Byrne - Penciler
John Byrne / Bob Wiacek / John Byrne & Terry Austin - Inker
Review/plot:
Bob Wiacek becomes the semi-regular inker for this series beginning with issue #15 (he skips #17, though). The credits for issue #17 reflect the fact that a large part of the issue is a reprint of Uncanny X-Men #109.
In issue #13, we saw a random passerby get killed near St. Lawrence River. This arc follows up on that. There's been a series of killings along the water near Lake Ontario. Heather has been visiting with Puck near Toronto, and they are in a nearby restaurant when one of the attacks occurs. This time, it's a baby that is taken, pulled into the lake. Heather immediately jumps into the water in an attempt to rescue the baby, in what Puck attributes to an attempt to do something reckless to atone for the guilt she feels about her husband's death.
Heather fails to rescue the baby, and also gets her legs badly damaged by an unseen horror under the water.
Puck calls in Marrina to help investigate. Marrina had been with the Sub-Mariner in Atlantis.
After she leaves, a chamberlain informs Namor that Lord Dara is back from his negotiations at the United Nations. This therefore takes place before the Prince Namor mini-series. The chamberlain happens to have an awesome beard, if you can call it that.
Namor decides to set aside the diplomatic matters for now and follow Marrina. It's implied that Marrina is much, much faster than Namor, however. She arrives well before him, and has time to reason out with Puck the fact that the horror under the water may be the same species as her, but unlike her it hasn't been imprinted with a genetic code, so it's been plucking humans and dissecting them to figure stuff out. Marrina heads back into the water to see if she can find it, and when she returns she's become feral again.
The last time she was feral she literally disemboweled Puck, so i imagine he'd be pretty nervous during this fight.
However, his thoughts reveal that he's actually quite cocky:
This is no good. My training instincts are all to the offensive. I can parry and dodge for a while, but unless I find a way to take her out with the least amount of damage, I might slip. And if that happens, she'll be dead.
Puck uses bullfighting techniques that he learned during his "year in Spain with papa Hemingway". The narration says:
They had laughed, the other candidates, seekers after the 'suit of lights'. Laughed at this little man, this tiny foreigner, who thought he could face the half-ton horror that was the bull. But the teacher had not laughed. He knew the great esteem in which the famous American writer held the small Canadian. And he saw the fire that burned so bright in the eyes of this candidate.
It's cool that Puck is trained in bullfighting, but the idea that he was a contemporary of Earnest Hemingway in Spain is also interesting. Hemingway visited Spain over periods from the 1920s to about 1960, so there's no need for this to suggest that Puck was in anyway supernaturally long lived (sliding timescale issues aside).
Finally, Namor arrives...
...and of course he sees Puck fighting with Marrina and gets the wrong idea.
Once Puck is dispatched, Namor finds himself in the same situation: trying to disable Marrina without hurting her.
That's when the Master of the World shows up and knocks him out.
The Master brings both Puck and Namor to his awesome fish submarine...
...and puts them in prison tubes and explains what he's been up to.
He reveals that he deliberately manipulated Alpha Flight and Namor (and the Invisible Girl) into destroying his ship in their previous encounter so that he could be free of it (readers knew that, but the heroes didn't). And he re-iterates Marrina's origin and reveals that he's now got both her and the other Plodex captured (by the way, the word "Plodex" is never used in this arc; i'm going by the name given to Marrina's race by the Collector in Marvel Team-Up annual #7). The other Plodex still has the genetic imprinting from the baby it snatched previously, which is pretty disturbing.
Despite a lot of villain-exposition, I'm not sure exactly what the Master's plan is. He can't have been controlling the Plodex so far, since it's been trying to find a genetic code for itself. So now that he's captured both Marrina and the other one, what's the plan? "He who controls the Plodex controls the world"? He doesn't say.
But Puck fakes his death using a trick he learned in the Orient (it's nice to see the Master's thoughts in these panels, showing him to be a somewhat honorable character)...
...and when the Master takes him out of his tube, he frees Namor as well. Puck tears off the Master's helmet to break open the aquarium to get Namor some water...
...but that turns out to have some unintended consequences. It seems the helmet was permanently bonded to the Master's head, and it was also his means of controlling both the submarine and the aliens.
In the resulting chaos...
...Namor is forced to bring Puck back to the surface so he doesn't drown. Marrina gets away but the Master and the other Plodex are assumed dead from the submarine's explosion.
Later, after Namor leaves, Marrina reveals to Puck that she's actually back to normal. She's disturbed by revelations of what she really is, and doesn't want to be with Namor or Alpha Flight anymore.
Meanwhile, Heather is still in the hospital, and Wolverine shows up.
He's heard about Guardian's death. He and Heather spend time in the hospital reminiscing. This includes a reprint of a sizeable portion of Uncanny X-Men #109, which was Guardian's first appearance. After the reprint, Puck shows up. Wolverine and Puck know each other by reputation. Woverine says "That was you, that time in Maracaibo, wasn't it?" Puck responds, "You guessed? I'm flattered you could recognize my signature in the midst of all that mess."
Then Puck says it's time to choose a new leader for Alpha Flight. Wolverine thinks Puck is suggesting that he do it, and he begs off, but Puck actually was referring to Heather. Wolverine concurs, and Heather considers it and agrees.
In a subplot, Shaman's daughter Elizabeth Twoyoungmen, on an archeological dig, unearths a skull ("and a white man's skull at that!") that unleashes a vengeful ghost...
...that causes her to seek out her father after having not spoken to him for 15 years.
Also, Snowbird reveals her true identity to her fellow mountie, Doug Thompson ("A man of simple tastes and simpler means, he is unaccustomed to the questions which have lately perplexed him.").
Despite the revelation, Doug tells her that he's in love with her (that panel is such a tribute to 1950s romance books).
In another subplot, Roger Bochs contacts a man named Madison Jeffries. He wants Jeffries to help him avenge the death of Guardian. Jeffries is a "transmutator". He says:
Me an' mechanical stuff, we got us an understanding', kinda. I can make any machine, anythin' metal and glass and plastic, duplicate my own parts. Don't ask me how. Even Guardeen hadn't got that figgered.
Bochs wants Jeffries to help him rebuild his Box robot so that no one else can use it the way Jerry Jaxon used it to kill Guardian.
And then, they'll hunt down Jaxon and the robot Delphine Courtney, who he says are both still alive, and "destroy them".
It's cool to see this level of development with two characters that we've seen almost nothing of to date. Bochs was introduced in Alpha Flight #11 and he was definitely not a bad guy like the rest of Omega Flight, but he's also not a member of Alpha Flight and hasn't been a member of the cast until now.
Jeffries we've never actually seen before, except as part of a single-panel flashback in Alpha Flight #1 that showed him alongside the rest of Gamma Flight and gave no hints about his powers or personality. Jeffries' powers are interesting. Not only is he able to mold machine components (including glass and plastic) into shapes of his own parts, but he actually "reshape[s] the individual elements" and "completely change[s] their form and function". He also quite clearly is able to cause the pieces to hover in mid-air, indicating some form of telekinesis or Magneto-like ability.
So far his powers seem limited to causing the objects to duplicate his own human form.
One more subplot: Aurora has a schizophrenic attack.
Later, she has Walter Langkowski perform a procedure on her that alters her genetic structure.
Her goal is to sever her bond to Northstar. Langkowski agrees to do it because he can also use the opportunity to make sure that she won't be detectable as a mutant since he sees that anti-mutant sentiment is on the rise. After the procedure Aurora changes into a new costume, but we only see a hint of it now and we won't see how her powers were changed until later as well.
Wow. Obviously a lot going on here. The decision to split the team up again after Guardian's death means that we get lots of subplots along with the main Marrina story. It makes for much longer entries for me here, but it also give the series a lot of depth since it's not "all seven or so heroes fight a villain" but lots of time devoted to individual characters.
I think Heather's coping with her husband's death is handled well. Issue #13 showed her grief in detail, and now she's clearly still affected but Byrne isn't creating a lot of melodrama with it. Since Wolverine's past was still a mystery at this point, the small details in his and Heather's reminiscence is interesting. Puck's character continues to be developed nicely as well, and now we've learned some intriguing details about his past, too. It's all very well written; Byrne's characters are very human. And the art is very nice as well.
When i read issue #17, i had never read Uncanny #109 and i wasn't even aware that about half the book was reprint material. I don't know how regular readers would have reacted. The original story was printed more than 6 years earlier so maybe it was considered long enough, and those early Byrne X-Men issues were priced high enough, that the current readership hadn't read the original story.
Quality Rating: B+
Historical Significance Rating: 6 - continued origin for Marrina. Marrina leaves the Sub-Mariner. First Madison Jeffries. Aurora's powers modified. First adult Elizabeth Twoyoungmen (later Talisman).
Chronological Placement Considerations: Takes place before the Prince Namor, the Sub-Mariner mini-series. Takes place after the Kitty Pryde and Wolverine mini-series (and therefore also Uncanny X-Men #188), where Wolverine learns about the death of Guardian. In issue #14, Namor is informed that Lord Dara is returning from negotiations with the UN, but Namor doesn't have time to meet with him because he's chasing after Marrina. Dara doesn't actually appear on panel but i've listed him as a character appearing.
Shaman advises Snowbird that she shouldn't be exerting herself after she was nearly killed because she left Canada in Alpha Flight #12. We also learn that the "ancient gods, it seems, are not pleased with their daughter this day", but we'll find out more about that in future issues.
When Puck talks with the police, the inspector idly comments that the series of killings along Lake Ontario seem like the work of a vampire, but of course the inspector doesn't believe that vampires exist. Puck informs him that they did exist, but "word on the grapevine is that something big happened to 'em a while ago. Something of a permanent nature." The footnote says "The general public is not yet aware of the destruction of all the vampires by Dr. Strange", but no issue number is given. The issue was Doctor Strange #62.
The Master previously appeared in Alpha Flight #2-4.
Snowbird pretty much compromised her civilian identity when she broke out of a prison cell in Alpha Flight #6.
Issue #17 reprints the Guardian/Wolverine fight from Uncanny X-Men #109.
It also touches on a number of X-Men scenes prior to that. It starts with James Hudson's side of things when Wolverine was leaving the Weapon X program to join the X-Men in Giant-Size X-Men #1, and Wolverine's battle with Krakoa the living island.
A footnote references the time between the Giant-Size issue and Guardian's appearance, which began in Uncanny X-Men #94 and ended in #108. Specific scenes drawn include the Sentinel fight from Uncanny X-Men #98, Magneto's appearance in Uncanny X-Men #104, and the M'krann crystal/Phoenix saga story from Uncanny X-Men #107-108.
Guardian fought the X-Men a second time in Uncanny X-Men #120-121, this time with the rest of Alpha Flight.
Crossover: N/A
Continuity Insert? N
My Reprint: N/A
Inbound References (24): show
Power Pack #9-10
Alpha Flight #32
Marvel Fanfare #28
Alpha Flight annual #1
Wolverine #35-37
Characters Appearing: Aurora, Box, Dara, Doug Thompson, Madison Jeffries, Marrina, Master of the World, Puck, Sasquatch, Shaman, Snowbird, Sub-Mariner, Talisman, Vindicator (Heather Hudson), Wolverine
In Avengers 272, Marrina explains that the Master's intentions in bringing Marrina and the other Plodex together were for the two of them to destroy each other, thus ridding the Earth of their kind.
Posted by: Michael | August 13, 2011 3:56 PM
I neglected to mention - and it's more relevant in light of your comment - that there's a scene in issue #16 where the Master releases the other Plodex into the chamber holding Marrina. And while the Master assumes they are fighting, Puck suspects they're doing something else entirely. And Marrina's comments later that this Plodex was her biological mate seem to confirm that. Poor, naive Master. That's what happens when you spend millions of years bound to an alien spaceship; you forget all about the birds and the bees.
Posted by: fnord12 | August 13, 2011 6:11 PM
Byrne stated in early 1984 that the Gilded Lily story was supposed to happen in #14-15, and that Shaman was supposed to team up with Marrina in the Marrina's Mate story(and the Master was supposed to appear in a later, different story).
Posted by: Mark Drummond | August 17, 2013 4:03 PM
Fun stuff here. Everything is handled very well. More than enough action to keep the ordinary reader involved, but there's a lot of depth to the characters and interactions here. All this for 240 cents! Nowadays, this would be three years worth of stories for over $100.
Posted by: Chris | August 27, 2013 10:45 PM
Some fanzines at the time did refer to Jeffries as Transmuter.
Posted by: Mark Drummond | January 7, 2014 3:55 PM
So in 17 issues, Alphe Flight has been together for, what, 3 issues? 4? When I first heard the Defenders described as a non-team, I actually imagined something more like this.
Posted by: Berend | March 2, 2014 8:20 AM
I feel compelled to point out that Aurora doesn't really have a "schizophrenic attack". As Byrne points out in issue 15, schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder are different things. He then, however, goes on to say schizophrenia is "a general term used to cover all forms of metal illness. The correct term is classic paranoid.", neither of which is accurate.
Posted by: Andrew | January 6, 2015 5:58 AM
It's clear that I really missed out on some amazing stuff in Alpha Flight back in the day.
Interesting timing for Puck to "fake death". I think this must have been after they showed Snake Eyes doing the same thing in the GI Joe comic, where they explicitly showed him learning it as part of his ninja skills.
Posted by: Erik Beck | May 22, 2015 7:47 AM
For a comparatively small country population-wise, Canada produced a lot of super-beings. Compare Canada's 25 or so million to a country like say India with a billion and few, if any, heroes to speak of. Something mustve been in the water in Canada.
Posted by: kveto from prague | July 8, 2017 5:49 AM
Eh, it's just the "Ameri-centric" nature of the audience. Note how many manga have tons of Japanese heroes and hardly any from other nations other than as stereotypes and whatnot. Canada's north of the US and speaks English mostly (with a few Quebecois for balance like Northstar and Aurora) so...besides, with Wolverine and John Byrne around, having a number of Canadian heroes is probably given. (even with how ridiculous some get later on post-Byrne)
Posted by: Ataru320 | July 9, 2017 2:21 PM
The bit about the baby's having been absorbed by the monster recalls the The Thing (1982).
Posted by: Luke Blanchard | March 27, 2018 6:13 AM
Name: (Required & displayed)
Email: (Required but not displayed)
URL: (Not required)
Note: Please report typos and other obvious mistakes in the forum. Not here! :-)
Comments: (you may use HTML tags for style).
Comments are now closed.


text:
News & Events Department Pages
news@swarthmore.edu
Exploring Liberal Arts Careers
July 28th, 2014 Randy Frame
Matt Jacobson '97 graduated from Swarthmore with a major in biology, after which he continued his undergraduate research at Rockefeller University with fellow alumnus Fred Cross '78. Next came medical school, which led to a pediatrics residency at New York Presbyterian Hospital. But being a doctor didn't feel quite right, so Jacobson began working on Wall Street as a biotechnology and pharmaceutical equities analyst, researching and sometimes investing in companies developing new drugs. Most recently, he retired from Wall Street and enrolled at an Episcopal theological seminary with plans to become an Anglican priest. (His wife, Meredith Linn '97, is an archaeology professor at Barnard College.)
Jacobson's many stops on a career journey that is not even halfway through testify to the varied opportunities available to Swarthmore alums, particularly those graduating with degrees in the natural sciences and engineering. He was the "most senior" of seven young alumni who returned to their alma mater earlier this month to comprise the Natural Sciences and Engineering Alumni Panel, at which panelists shared their experiences and wisdom with current students, who have remained on campus to pursue summer research projects. The yearly event is funded by a grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Ayanna Johnson '09, a health policy manager at the National Consumers League, majored in political science at Swarthmore with minors in biology and psychology.
For some of the panelists, the post-Swarthmore career path has been a bit more conventional than Jacobson's. After earning a Masters in Education degree at the University of Pennsylvania, KD Davenport '05, a biology major while at Swarthmore, began teaching biology at Central High, a public academic magnet school in Philadelphia. "I love teaching young people what I know about biology," Davenport said. "Ten years from now, I want to be doing exactly what I'm doing now, except I want to better at it."
Panelists included Matt Fiedler '06, a math and economics major at Swarthmore who now works in the Obama administration as a senior economist for the Council of Economic Advisors; Marina Isakowitz '09, who last year helped found the Science Leadership Academy at Beeber, a project-based, inquiry-driven public school in West Philadelphia; Ayanna Johnson '09, a health policy manager at the National Consumers League; Claudia Munoz '99, a lead knowledge analyst at the Boston Consulting Group; and Emily Ullman '06, a graduate of Harvard Law School and now an attorney working out of Washington, D.C. for the firm Covington & Burling LLP.
Panelists addressed topics ranging from courses they wish they would have taken at Swarthmore and the benefits and challenges of the Honors program to the importance of networking and their successes and failures related to achieving "work-life balance." Ullman said she wishes she would have taken statistics at Swarthmore while Johnson said she regrets not taking advantage of opportunities to study abroad. But all maintained that their Swarthmore educations have served them well in their graduate schooling and their careers. "I've been fortunate to be able to work in a field that combines my interest in public policy and my interest in working with numbers," Fiedler said.
"One of our most important educational goals at Swarthmore is teaching students how to learn," says Professor of Biology Elizabeth Vallen. "This is something that will serve them well in their careers and in their lives."
In contrast to previous generations, when individuals spent an entire career at one or perhaps two jobs, today, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average American changes jobs 10 to 15 times between the ages of 18 and 46. This being the case, biology professor Elizabeth Vallen, who moderated the event, stressed the importance of developing skills and abilities that maintain their importance regardless of how crooked a career path might be. Whereas job markets in previous generations required mastery of one skill, all indications are that the job market of the future will require critical thinking across disciplines. As futurist Alvin Toffler puts it, "The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn."
Vallen cited a report from the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, which states that over the next decade U.S. colleges and universities will have to produce one million additional STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) graduates than are being turned out at the current rate if the U.S. is to retain its historical preeminence in science and technology. The job market for STEM graduates (which includes non-STEM jobs that nevertheless require STEM skills) is expanding rapidly. Those best suited to fill job openings in STEM-related fields, according to Vallen, are those "with strong communication and writing skills and those who have been prepared to view problems from across the disciplines."
"One of our most important educational goals at Swarthmore is teaching students how to learn," Vallen says. "This is something that will serve them well in their careers and in their lives."
Designing an Experience
This summer, Swarthmore is abuzz with students broadening their perspectives and building upon coursework through research and work opportunities on campus and in the community.
12 Alumni Receive NSF Graduate Fellowships
Among this year's fellows, chosen for their intellectual strength and leadership potential in the STEM fields, is Elena Kingston '14.
Submissions Welcome
The Communications Office invites all members of the Swarthmore community to share videos, photos, and story ideas for the College's website. Have you seen an alum in the news? Please let us know by writing news@swarthmore.edu.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The School of Optometry and Vision Science of the University of New South Wales graduates 40% of the new optometrists in Australia making it the largest Australian School.
The School of Optometry and Vision Science is a small School, teaching is supported by the groundbreaking research of the academics.
The School of Optometry and Vision Science operated a web site that was considered difficult to use, this discouraged contributions from administrative staff and as a consequence the School Web Site had become out of date.As a University of New South Wales website, the School of Optometry is subject to new branding guidelines. The old site failed to comply, as it was developed well before the guidelines were released.
There were no funds for a dedicated web team to maintain a site. The School required a site that worked for a small budget, both for the inital development and for ongoing maintenance. As there were no IT staff in the School, Didymo also made the site easy enough to allow untrained users to create and update the website.
The Eye clinic of the School had to be promoted via the site.
The School Orange was to be a feature and comply with UNSW branding guidelines.
Some of the ease of use was achieved by automating time-consuming projects like creating lists of content, and also simplifying the process of content creators choosing their target audience.
Apart from the general audience of a University site, the site must cater to various types of visitors with different expectations on what the site should provide them. This includes current and prospective students, academics, members of industry, media, prospective investors and members of the general public looking for services. While it was a school of the UNSW, at the same time the site had a look and feel that differentiated it from other UNSW sites with extensive use of the school's branding colour and lots of images.
The School has been very happy with a system easy to use and keep up to date. The Clinic is high lighted but does not detract from the other areas of the school.


Please arrive at the airport 3 hours before an international departure. Your baggage must be checked in at least 40 minutes before departure. Uzbekistan Airways closes check-in counters 40 minutes prior to the scheduled departure time.
2 hours before departure for the flights on IL-114.
Check-in and baggage check completed 20 minutes prior to the scheduled depar¬ture time of domestic flights.


Comprehensive list of Davenport, Iowa based cosmetic, family, pediatric or general dental clinics.
Our Mission Beattie Family Dental is dedicated to delivering you and your family with the best quality dental service with compassion and skill, exceeding expectations through the use of the latest dental technology. We Emphasize Routine Dental Care We share the desire of all our patients to minimize the need for extensive dental treatment.
Dr. Allen Kvidera is a well trained periodontist in the Quad City Area who is committed to providing you the best and most attentive care possible. Periodontal disease is responsible for over 75% of all adult tooth loss in the US. If your general dentist has referred you to our office, it is very likely that your periodontal infection has progressed beyond the mild stage.
We appreciate the possibility to supply you with complete and comfortable dental care. Our practice is very people oriented, so we look ahead to knowing you - as a person as well as a patient. Or, use our Online Office to schedule an appointment right now. We look ahead to serving your dental requirements.
We specialize in preventative dental care for infants, kids and adolescents as well as babies. Our primary mission is to educate our patients and parents to prevent dental disease and to supply caring and quality treatment to correct existing conditions.
Situated in Bettendorf, Iowa IA, our professional dentists are the family, general, pediatric, and cosmetic dentists of choice for the Quad Cities. Together with their talented team, our dentists build pretty smiles for all ages. When visiting our office, you'll find state-of-the-art treatment options in a relaxed, caring, and comfortable atmosphere.
We're a caring practice committed to delivering our patients the finest dental treatment available to suit their requirements. Browse our website to learn about us and current trends in dentistry. We aim to not only care for your dental requirements, but to educate our patients in prevention as well. Helping underprivileged children enjoy the experience of summer camp.
GATEWAY DENTAL Taking care of you and your family is Gateway Dental's highest priority. We provide modern dental equipment, products, education, and preventive procedures. Our goal is to assist you obtain and maintain optimum oral health for a lifetime. If you're searching for a dental office to call home, call us RIGHT AWAY! Gateway Dental, Dr. James E. Steer, Jr.
From the moment you walk through our doors, we want you to feel comfortable. River City Dental Care provides comprehensive care for the dental health requirements of our patients of all ages, in a warm and friendly atmosphere. New patients are always welcome, ask us about our patient referral rewards! General dentistry services include: fillings, cleanings, root canals, crowns, bridges and whitening.


text:
Q: How could I store uploaded images to AWS S3 on PHP I'm on an EC2 instance and I wish to connect my PHP website with my Amazon S3 bucket, I already saw the API for PHP here: http://aws.amazon.com/sdkforphp/ but it's not clear.
This is the code line I need to edit in my controller:
thisFu['original_img']='/uploads/fufu/'.$_POST['cat'].'/original_'.uniqid('fu_').'.jpg';

I need to connect to Amazon S3 and be able to change the code like this:
$thisFu['original_img']='my_s3_bucket/uploads/fufu/'.$_POST['cat'].'/original_'.uniqid('fu_').'.jpg';

I already configured an IAM user for the purpose but I don't know all the steps needed to accomplished the job.
How could I connect and interact with Amazon S3 to upload and retrieve public images?
UPDATE
I decided to try using the s3fs as suggested, so I installed it as described here (my OS is Ubuntu 14.04)
I run from console:
sudo apt-get install build-essential git libfuse-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libxml2-dev mime-support automake libtool
sudo apt-get install pkg-config libssl-dev
git clone https://github.com/s3fs-fuse/s3fs-fuse
cd s3fs-fuse/
./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/usr --with-openssl
make
sudo make install

Everything was properly installed but what's next? Where should I declare credentials and how could I use this integration in my project?
2nd UPDATE
I created a file called .passwd-s3fs with a single code line with my IAM credentials accessKeyId:secretAccessKey.
I place it into my home/ubuntu directory and give it a 600 permission with chmod 600 ~/.passwd-s3fs
Next from console I run /usr/bin/s3fs My_S3bucket /uploads/fufu
Inside the /uploads/fufu there are all my bucket folders now. However when I try this command:
s3fs -o nonempty allow_other My_S3bucket /uploads/fufu

I get this error message:
s3fs: unable to access MOUNTPOINT My_S3bucket : No such file or directory

3rd UPDATE
As suggested I run this fusermount -u /uploads/fufu, after that I checked the fufu folder and is empty as expected.
After that I tried again this command (with one more -o):
s3fs -o nonempty -o allow_other My_S3bucket /uploads/fufu

and got this error message:
fusermount: failed to open /etc/fuse.conf: Permission denied
fusermount: option allow_other only allowed if 'user_allow_other' is set in /etc/fuse.conf

Any other suggestion?
4th UPDATE 18/04/15
Under suggestion from console I run sudo usermod -a -G fuse ubuntu and sudo vim /etc/fuse.conf where I uncommented  mount_max = 1000 and user_allow_other
Than I run s3fs -o nonempty -o allow_other My_S3bucket /uploads/fufu
At first sight no errors, so I thought everythings fine but it's exactly the opposite.
I'm a bit frustrated now, because I don't know what happened but my folder /uploads/fufu is hidden and using ls -Al I see only this
d????????? ? ?        ?              ?            ? fufu

I cannot sudo rm -r or -rf or mv -r it says that /uploads/fufu is a directory
I tried to reboot exit and mount -a, but nothing.
I tried to unmount using fusermount and the error message is fusermount: entry for /uploads/fufu not found in /etc/mtab
But I tried sudo vim /etc/mtab and I found this line: s3fs /uploads/fufu fuse.s3fs rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other 0 0
Could someone tell me how can I unmount and finally remove this folder /uploads/fufu ?

A: To give you a little more clarity, since you are a beginner: download the AWS SDK via this Installation Guide
Then set up your AWS account client on your PHP webserver using this bit
use Aws\S3\S3Client;

$client = S3Client::factory(array('profile' => '<profile in your aws credentials file>'
));

If you would like more information on how to use AWS credentials files, head here.
Then to upload a file that you have on your own PHP server:
$result = $client->putObject(array(
'Bucket'     => $bucket,
'Key'        => 'data_from_file.txt',
'SourceFile' => $pathToFile,
'Metadata'   => array(
    'Foo' => 'abc',
    'Baz' => '123'
)
));

If you are interested in learning how to upload images to a php file, I would recommend looking at this W3 schools tutorial. This tutorial can help you get off the ground for saving the file locally on your server in a temporary directory before it gets uploaded to your S3 bucket.

A: I agree the documentation at that link is a bit hard to dig and leaves a lot of dots to be connected.
However, I found something a lot better here: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-sdk-php/v2/guide/service-s3.html
It has sample code and instructions for almost all the S3 operations.

A: A much easier and transparent to your application setup is simply to mount the s3 partition with s3fs
https://github.com/s3fs-fuse/s3fs-fuse
(Use option allow_other)
Your s3fs then behaves like a normal folder would just move the file to that folder. S3fs then uploads
S3fs is very reliable in recent builds
You can read images this way also, But loose any effect that the AWS CDN has, though last time i tried it it wasn't a huge difference
you need a s3fspassword file
in the format
accessKeyId:secretAccessKey
it can be in either of these places
using the passwd_file command line option
setting the AWSACCESSKEYID and AWSSECRETACCESSKEY environment variables
using a .passwd-s3fs file in your home directory
using the system-wide /etc/passwd-s3fs file

The file needs 600 permissions
https://github.com/s3fs-fuse/s3fs-fuse/wiki/Fuse-Over-Amazon
Has some info.
When that is complete the command is s3fs bucket_name mnt_dir
you can find the keys here
https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/home?#security_credential
from the example about i would assume your mnt_dir would be /uploads/fufu
so s3fs bucket /uploads/fufu
to your second problem
s3fs -o nonempty allow_other My_S3bucket /uploads/fufu

is wrong, you need to specify -o again
s3fs -o nonempty -o allow_other My_S3bucket /uploads/fufu

the user you are mounting as needs to be in the fuse group
sudo usermod -a -G fuse your_user

or
    sudo addgroup your_user fuse

A: Despite to "S3fs is very reliable in recent builds", I can share my own experience with s3fs and info that we moved write operation from direct s3fs mounted folder access to aws console(SDK api possible way also) after periodic randomly system crashes .
Possible that you won't have any problem with small size files like images, but it certainly made the problem while we tried to write mp4 files. So last message at log before system crash was:
kernel: [ 9180.212990] s3fs[29994]: segfault at 0 ip 000000000042b503 sp 00007f09b4abf530 error 4 in s3fs[400000+52000]

and it was rare randomly cases, but that made system unstable.
So we decided still to keep s3fs mounted, but use it only for read access
Below I show how to mount s3fs with AIM credentials without password file
#!/bin/bash -x
S3_MOUNT_DIR=/media/s3
CACHE_DIR=/var/cache/s3cache

wget http://s3fs.googlecode.com/files/s3fs-1.74.tar.gz
tar xvfz s3fs-1.74.tar.gz
cd s3fs-1.74
./configure
make
make install

mkdir $S3_MOUNT_DIR
mkdir $CACHE_DIR

chmod 0755 $S3_MOUNT_DIR
chmod 0755 $CACHE_DIR

export IAMROLE=`curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/`

/usr/local/bin/s3fs $S3_BUCKET $S3_MOUNT_DIR  -o iam_role=$IAMROLE,rw,allow_other,use_cache=$CACHE_DIR,uid=222,gid=500

Also you will need to create IAM role that assigned to the instance with attached policy:
{"Statement":[{"Resource":"*","Action":["s3:*"],"Sid":"S3","Effect":"Allow"}],"Version":"2012-10-17"}

In you case, seems it is reasonable to use php sdk (other answer has usage example already), but you also can write images to s3 with aws console:
aws s3 cp /path_to_image/image.jpg s3://your_bucket/path

If you will have IAM role created and assigned to your instance you won't need to provide any additional credentials
Update - answer to your question:

*

*I don't need to include the factory method for declare my IAM credentials?

Yes if you will have IAM assigned to ec2 instance, then at code you just need to create the client as:
     $s3Client = S3Client::factory();
     $bucket = 'my_s3_bucket';
     $keyname = $_POST['cat'].'/original_'.uniqid('fu_').'.jpg';
     $localFilePath = '/local_path/some_image.jpg';

 $result = $s3Client->putObject(array(
        'Bucket' => $bucket,
        'Key'    => $keyname,
        'SourceFile'   => $filePath,
        'ACL'    => 'public-read',
        'ContentType' => 'image/jpeg'
    ));
    unlink($localFilePath);

option 2: If you do not need file local storage stage , but will put direclt from upload form:
 $s3Client = S3Client::factory();
 $bucket = 'my_s3_bucket';
 $keyname = $_POST['cat'].'/original_'.uniqid('fu_').'.jpg';
 $dataFromFile = file_get_contents($_FILES['uploadedfile']['tmp_name']);

$result = $s3Client->putObject(array(
    'Bucket' => $bucket,
    'Key'    => $keyname,
    'Body' => $dataFromFile,
    'ACL'    => 'public-read',
));

And to get s3 link if you will have public access
$publicUrl = $s3Client->getObjectUrl($bucket, $keyname);

Or generate signed url to private content:
$validTime = '+10 minutes';
$signedUrl = $s3Client->getObjectUrl($bucket, $keyname, $validTime);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Differentiate a Variable Limit Ito Integral Consider a variable limit integral $I(t)=\int\limits_0^{\phi(t)}M(s)dW(s)$,
where $\phi(t)$ is an increasing deterministic function with $\phi(0)=0$, the integrand $M(t)$ is stochastic, and $W(t)$ is a standard Brownian motion. Assume that $M(t)$ and $W(t)$ are adapted to filtration $\mathscr{F}_t$.
I am unsure whether I can differentiate this integral as usual, i.e. $dI(t)=M(\phi(t))\phi^{'}(t)dW(t)$.
If not, what should I do to get the limit of the integral rid of those functions.

A: I think you cannot write it in this form, but using random time change, you can write it in another form as follows. By Theorem 8.5.7 of Oksendall's book, you can write
$$I_t = \int_0^t M_{\phi(s)}\sqrt{\phi'(s)}d\tilde B_s,$$
where $\tilde B_t = \int_0^{\phi(t)} \sqrt{(\phi^{-1})'(s)}dW_s$ is another Brownian motion (let $\alpha_t:=\phi(t)$ in the theorem). In this form, you can write
$$dI_t = M_{\phi(t)}\sqrt{\phi'(t)}d\tilde B_t.$$
You don't even need that $I_t$ is adapted to the filtration of $W_t$ (which holds if and only if $\phi(t)\leq t$).


text:
La synagogue Khabad  () est une synagogue en Ukraine.

Historique

Elle se trouve rue du Théâtre ancienne rue Gorky. Construite en 1895, elle remplace une plus ancienne citée en 1855. La synagogue est brûlée par l'occupant en 1941 puis restaurée en 1947 avant d'être transformée en dortoir des ouvriers de l'usine Petrovski en 1952. Elle est rendue à la communauté juive en 1980 pour être rendue au culte en 1990. En 2005 elle est refondue dans sa partie interne et avec l'ajout d'un bâtiment.

Références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Histoire des Juifs en Ukraine

Liens externes

Synagogue en Ukraine
Patrimoine classé d'Ukraine
Kherson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Leadership Council is a group of visionary leaders who will help us sustain our organization and the communities we serve. This volunteer advisory group will provide guidance and support for Lambda Literary on matters that will strengthen our visibility and fundraising capacity.
HILTON ALS became a staff writer at The New Yorker in 1994 and a theatre critic in 2002. His first book, The Women, was published in 1996. His most recent book, White Girls was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award and won the Lambda Literary Award in 2014. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 2017. In 2016, he received Lambda Literary's Trustee Award for Excellence in Literature. Als is an associate professor of writing at Columbia University's School of the Arts and has taught at Yale University, Wesleyan, and Smith College.
KATE BORNSTEIN is an author, actor, performance artist, and playwright who has for over thirty years written award-winning books on the subject of nonbinary gender. Both Gender Outlaw and My Gender Workbook are out in new editions that incorporate 30 years of advances in gender theory and activism since they were first written. Additionally, Kate maintains a career in theater, making her Broadway debut in the summer of 2018, co-starring in Young Jean Lee's Straight White Men. Kate's 2006 book, Hello, Cruel World: 101 Alternatives to Suicide for Teens, Freaks, and Other Outlaws propelled Kate into an international position of advocacy for marginalized youth. She has earned two citations of honor from the New York City Council.
JENNIFER FINNEY BOYLAN, author of fifteen books, is the inaugural Anna Quindlen Writer in Residence at Barnard College of Columbia University. Her column "Men & Women" appears on the op/ed page of the New York Times on alternate Wednesdays. She serves on the Board of Trustees of PEN America. From 2011 to 2018 she served on the Board of Directors of GLAAD. Her most recent book is the novel Long Black Veil. Her 2003 memoir, She's Not There: a Life in Two Genders was the first bestselling work by a transgender American.
ALEXANDER CHEE is the author of the novels Edinburgh, The Queen of the Night, and the essay collection How To Write An Autobiographical Novel. He is a contributing editor at The New Republic, and an editor at large at VQR. His essays and stories have appeared in The New York Times Book Review, T Magazine, Tin House, Slate, Guernica, and Out, among others.He is winner of a 2003 Whiting Award, a 2004 NEA Fellowship in prose and a 2010 MCCA Fellowship, and residency fellowships from the MacDowell Colony, the VCCA, Civitella Ranieri and Amtrak. He is an associate professor of English and Creative Writing at Dartmouth College.
DAVID EBERSHOFF is the author of three bestselling novels, including The Danish Girl and The 19th Wife. The Danish Girl won the Lambda Literary Award and was adapted into an Oscar-winning film. In 2017 the New York Times named The Danish Girl one of the 25 books that have shaped LGBTQ literature in the past twenty years. The 19th Wife was made into a television movie that has aired around the globe and his fiction has been translated into twenty-five languages to critical acclaim. David was formerly Vice President and Executive Editor at Random House, where he edited three Pulitzer Prize winners, a winner of the National Book Award, an Oprah Book Club selection, and more than twenty New York Times bestsellers. In 2017 with Lambda Literary he established the Lili Elbe scholarship for emerging transgender writers.
KATHERINE V. FORREST, board president emeritus of Lambda Literary, is the author sixteen internationally published works of fiction including the lesbian classics Curious Wine, An Emergence of Green, Daughters of a Coral Dawn, and nine novels in the award-winning Kate Delafield mystery series. Awards and honors include five Lambda Literary Awards, Lambda Literary's Pioneer Award, the GCLS Trailblazer Award; the Publishing Triangle's Lifetime Achievement Award. She was supervising editor at the legendary Naiad Press from 1984 to 1994, and is currently editor at large for Spinsters Ink and Bella Books. She has taught many classes and seminars on the craft of writing, most recently at Stanford University.
CHUCK FORESTER was raised in northern Wisconsin by four parents and attended Dartmouth, Penn and Vermont College. He has an MCP in city planning an MFA in poetry and a creative writing certificate from Oxford. He was chairman of the Board of the Human Rights Campaign Committee, now the Human Rights Campaign and led the effort that raised $3.5 million for the Hormel Gay and Lesbian Center at the San Francisco Public Library. He is a founding governor of the City Club.Forester's publications include Do You Live Around Here? a memoir, Our Time, San Francisco in the 70s a novel, a poem in ZYZZYVA and essays in Gay & Lesbian Review, BAR. He is the Publisher of Querelle Press.
JUDITH MARKOWITZ is committed to helping LGBTQ literature flourish. That's why she sponsors the Markowitz Award for Emerging LGBT Writers. The award shines a light on talented new writers, their writing, and their contributions to our literary community. She was a Lambda Literary board member and served as president. To date, she has published more than 150 articles; edited four anthologies; and written three books, including The Gay Detective Novel (2005, McFarland). She is currently working on a book about killer robots and their predecessors, including Frankenstein and golems.
CHERRÍE MORAGA is a poet, playwright and essayist and the co-editor of the avant-garde feminist work, This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color. Her forthcoming literary memoir, Native Country of the Heart – A Mexican American Geography will be published in 2019. For over twenty years, Maestra Moraga served as an Artist in Residence in the Department of Theater and Performance Studies at Stanford University. In 2017, she began her tenure as a Full Professor in the Department of English at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where with her artistic partner, Celia Herrera Rodríguez, she has instituted Las Maestras: Center for Chicana and Indigenous Thought and Art Practice.
Born and raised in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, CHINELO OKPARANTA is the author of Under the Udala Trees and Happiness, Like Water, each a New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice. She was awarded two Lambda Literary Awards, the 2016 Jessie Redmon Fauset Book Award in Fiction, and the 2016 Inaugural Betty Berzon Emerging Writer Award from the Publishing Triangle. She was awarded residencies and fellowships by the Lannan Foundation (Marfa), Bread Loaf, the Civitella Ranieri Foundation, and Hedgebrook ("Women Authoring Change"). Other honors include an O. Henry Prize, shortlisting for the 2017 International DUBLIN Literary Award, a 2017 Amelia Bloomer Project Selection, a nomination for the 2016 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award, a nomination for the 2016 NAACP Image Award in Fiction, and finalist selections for the 2014 Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative in Literature. She is currently Assistant Professor of English Literature and Creative Writing at Bucknell University.
J. MICHAEL SAMUEL recently retired as Director and Vice-President from a career in internal auditing from a number of large financial institutions. He was a frequent guest speaker, appearing throughout Silicon Valley and San Francisco at numerous conferences for the International Institute of Auditors, Comptroller of the Currency, and the Federal Reserve Bank System. Also, Michael coordinated internal publications and designed benchmarking and bank operational reporting to corporate Audit Committees and Board of Directors on behalf of Senior Management.
Michael was a Lambda Literary board member and Treasurer for six years, founded and then served on the board of Directors of Golden Gate Performing Arts, the parent organization of the San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus and numerous other San Francisco-based gay musical groups. He's served as a facilitator and group leader for the University of California AIDS Health Project for eighteen years, and was a Shanti volunteer for four years
JUSTIN TORRES' first novel We the Animals, a national best seller, has been translated into fifteen languages and has adapted into a feature film. A graduate of the Iowa Writers' Workshop, he was a Wallace Stegner Fellow at Stanford University, a fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, and a Cullman Center Fellow at The New York Public Library. The National Book Foundation named him one of 2012's 5 Under 35. He has been the recipient of a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts, a Rolón Fellowship in Literature from United States Artists, and the VCU Cabell First Novelist Award. Recently, he served as Picador Guest Professor for Literature at the University of Leipzig. He is Assistant Professor of English at UCLA.
ALOK VAID-MENON is a gender nonconforming writer and performance artist based in New York City. Their eclectic style, political comedy, and poetic challenge to the gender binary have been internationally renowned. In 2017 Alok was the youngest recipient of the prestigious Live Works Performance Act Award granted to ten performance artists across the world published their inaugural poetry chapbook Femme in Public. They have presented their work at 350 venues in more than 30 countries.


Let me ask you some questions: Do you currently earn all the money you want in your business or work, enough to live in the home you want, drive the cars you want, and invest for your family's future? Do you take regular time off, daily with your family, take vacations completely away from the office, cell phones, pagers, and email? Are you truly happy with your life? Is your business and personal life fulfilling to you financially, emotionally, and spiritually?


I'm looking to get hold of the Acorn ringbound user guide for the Disc Filing System on my BBC model B.
If you have no luck on here you cold try retroclinic (http://www.retroclinic.com/acorn/manuals/manuals.htm). He has reprinted some of the old acorn manuals and I've dealt with him a few times and everything has always been great.


Are you new to my.studyfinancing.sx? You can create an account easily. With that account you can apply for study financing, and update your application. Soon other services will be implemented in this portal.


Reduce stress. Enhance performance and productivity.
Becoming immune to unavoidable stress is a competitive edge that allows Stress-Proof leaders to propel themselves and their teams to perform under pressure rather than being bogged down by it.
Caring for children or elders, arguing with a colleague, or having a leaky roof can be stressful but chronic high stress—the kind that kills—is caused by overwhelm and uncertainty. Eliz Greene's latest research on job stress reveals the real problems in today's workplace, how to reduce or eliminate stress, and provides actionable insights and strategies to enhance productivity and performance.
High content wrapped in humor, memorable stories, engaging activities, and motivation to go home and do something different.
Eliz draws on her experience working with high performers and original research exploring how leaders can propel their own success by creating a team which performs under pressure.
Leaders often think they understand what is causing stress for their employees. After working with Eliz, and utilizing this powerful assessment, leaders are surprised to learn the truth about the causes of stress in the people they lead.
Her laser focus on priority, warm and funny stories, and immediately implementable strategies inspire participants to reach new heights while protecting productive time, personal relationships, and wellness.
Humorous stories and powerful insights about stress and leadership from one of the top female keynote speakers.


text:
Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса — католические соборы в различных городах мира.

Алжир
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Оран) — бывший кафедральный собор в городе Оран.

Босния и Герцеговина
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Сараево) — кафедральный собор в городе Сараево.

Индия
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Нью-Дели) — кафедральный собор в городе Нью-Дели.

Канада
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Батерст) — кафедральный собор в городе Батерст.
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Камлупс) — кафедральный собор в городе Камплус.

Китай
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Кайфын) — кафедральный собор в городе Кайфын.
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Харбин) — кафедральный собор в городе Харбин.
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Цзилинь) — кафедральный собор в городе Цзилинь.
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Цзинань) — кафедральный собор в городе Цзинань.

Латвия
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Резекне) — кафедральный собор в городе Резекне.

Пакистан
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Лахор) — кафедральный собор в городе Лахор.

Узбекистан
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Ташкент) — кафедральный собор в городе Ташкент.

Япония
 Собор Святейшего Сердца Иисуса (Иокогама) — кафедральный собор в городе Иокагама.


They do not have your piffling little snow days.
They do not have your piffling little snow days. Come if you can, don't if you can't. And if you're really only skipping the day because snowball fights are awesome, well, just don't aim for the head. They close the parking lot – to preserve its snowy majesty for recess. As we pull up to the curb half a block from the school, my daughter climbs down from the car, and says "I LOVE that we go to a school that lets us come even when it snows!" Totes adorbs, amirite? The Boy, on the other hand, spills out like a barely ambulatory Randy from A Christmas Story. A water bottle ejects an impossible distance from his backpack. "UGH! This is dumb!" Totes adorbs, amirite?
I also go to an independent sorry, private school. They don't care so much about the label dilution up there in the Collegiasphere. Everything's a crushing student loan, anyway, so you might as well bask in whatever snobbery you can, while you still have the illusion of control. Free college never felt so good.
Someone recently lamented the brevity of GI Bill benefits, as it only pays out for 3 years. It was a friend, I can't remember which. She (I remember that much) was probably trying to retrofit a compliment, saying that military service should be worth more than that. I get it, but this is a free Bachelor's Degree in a world where the only stinking thing we all agree on is that college is too f#@!ing expensive, and not just by a little bit, but orders of magnitude. I mean, between the GI Bill and the Yellow Ribbon program, the government is paying me more than it did while I was serving. Three years of that is a windfall of Dickensian proportions. And as David Niven taught me in Curse of the Pink Panther, I never look a gift horse in the mouth.
Another miracle of the Government, is that since I began drawing benefits last April, I haven't had any issues with payments or forms or crossed signals. After 8 years in the Army, I know too well just how Labyrinthian an odyssey that getting money from the government can be. The God of Government finance is Daedalus.
Thanks for the clarity. Doesn't sound too urgent. And the printed out confirmation pages I have from the actual submission of my application in December should right this ship toute suite. We'll see.
I hereby release you (from not even being here). The snow is ridiculously wonderful, but the coffee shops are all overflowing with kids and nannies, so I am home with Spotify's "Jazz Vibes " playlist. It's good stuff, and I'll use it to get started on a Philosophy paper (Foundations. Where or with what does EVERYTHING begin?) that's due in a week. Love it.


text:
Els caprimulgiformes (Caprimulgiformes) són un ordre d'ocells de costums nocturns, plomatge suau, com els dels estrígids, i de vol silent. En canvi, emeten un cant molt penetrant, que s'escolta a la nit. Tenen el plomatge altament críptic i es camuflen a terra, entre les branques dels arbres o entre la fullaraca. El seu nom científic remet a la llegenda popular i creença errònia que xuclen la llet de les cabres.

Morfologia
Tenen els ulls grans, la cua i les ales llargues, els peus petits i una obertura de boca enorme acabada en un bec diminut. Utilitzen la gran boca a manera de xarxa per a caçar insectes al vol. Al voltant de la boca tenen una sèrie de pèls rígids. Tenen les potes petites i, en conjunt, són d'una coloració semblant a la de la terra, amb la qual es confonen perfectament.

Costums
Algunes espècies passen l'hivern en estat letàrgic, fenomen excepcional entre els ocells.

Observacions
La majoria de famílies d'aquest ordre són tropicals. Només hi ha una família als Països Catalans, el dels caprimúlgids, que són representats a casa nostra per l'enganyapastors i el siboc, que només ens arriben a l'estiu, mentre que hivernen a l'Àfrica. Rarament, ens arriba com a divagant l'enganyapastors egipci (Caprimulgus aegyptius).

Referències

Bibliografia
 Lalueza i Fox, Jordi: El llibre dels ocells de Catalunya. Editorial De Vecchi - Edicions Cap Roig, Barcelona, 1987, pàgina 70, .
 Roger Tory Peterson, Guy Mountfort i P.A.D. Hollom: Guia dels ocells dels Països Catalans i d'Europa, traducció i adaptació del text original en anglès (Collins Field Guide to Birds of Britain and Europe) coordinada per Jordi Sargatal, amb l'equip de traducció i adaptació: Francesc Anton, Rosa Llinàs, Deli Saavedra, Jordi Sargatal i Erich Streich. Barcelona: Edicions Omega, 1995, p. 191-193. ; .
 Jonsson, Lars: Ocells d'Europa, amb el Nord d'Àfrica i l'Orient Mitjà. Edició original en suec (Lars Jonnsons Fåglar), traducció i adaptació de l'anglès per Erich Streich, Frederic Streich, Deli Saavedra, Rosa Llinàs i Jordi Sargatal. Barcelona: Edicions Omega, 1994, p. 328. ; .

Enllaços externs

 Fotografies i informació d'aquest ordre d'ocells.
 L'ordre dels Caprimulgiformes a l'Animal Diversity Web.
 Llista de famílies, gèneres i espècies d'aquest ordre amb llur distribució geogràfica.


CVG-TV is CONvergence's in-house video production department. We create original content to air both on the CVG-TV channel during the convention, and on our YouTube channel throughout the year. Video can be a fun and informational way to both entertain and inform the membership about everything and anything CONvergence.
Public Service Announcements (PSA's) are short promotional videos that air on CVG-TV during CONvergence, on our CVG-TV YouTube Channel, and on social media such as Facebook. They should be short and engage the viewer about one or two specific topics.
Use this form to request a PSA production for your department. The deadline to request a PSA production is March 1 of the convention year.
Hosted by Gregory Parks, CON-Link is CONvergence's talk show produced by CVG-TV. The program features interviews with Guests of Honor, current and former Convergence Events Board of Directors, and other leaders and change-makers in the CONvergence community.
If you have created video or film content of your own that you would like aired on CVG-TV during the convention, please see our page on the convention's website for specs and the application form.


Hi there! Okay so my Bluetooth is currently disabled and I can't get it to reconnect so that my desktop keyboard and mouse can work. Each time I re-start my computer the Bluetooth icon in the lower right-hand corner of the computer always stays red (disabled). So now I can't use my keyboard or mouse for anything. I already tried reseating the Bluetooth receiver in the USB port and pressing the button on the receiver and the mouse and the keyboard, but it still stays disabled. Can anyone please help me, I am running out of ideas. Thanks!
Right click on the Bluetoth Icon, left click open settings. Uncheck the box, turn off the bluetooth adapter, if you want the bluetooth adapter on all the time.
Then make sure to enable it all the time.


text:
package dk.lessismore.nojpa.rest;

import dk.lessismore.nojpa.reflection.db.model.ModelObjectInterface;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionFailedException;
import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.GenericConverter;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Created by niakoi on 12/3/15.
 */
public class NoJpaConverter implements GenericConverter {

    protected Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    private NoJpaFormatter formatter;

    public NoJpaConverter(NoJpaFormatter formatter) {
        this.formatter = formatter;
    }

    @Override
    public Set<ConvertiblePair> getConvertibleTypes() {
        Set<ConvertiblePair> pairs = new LinkedHashSet<ConvertiblePair>(2);
        pairs.add(new ConvertiblePair(formatter.getClazz(), String.class));
        pairs.add(new ConvertiblePair(String.class, formatter.getClazz()));
        return pairs;
    }

    @Override
    public Object convert(Object source, TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) {
        if (sourceType.getType().equals(String.class)) {
            log.debug("Convert(source("+ source +"), sourceType("+ sourceType +"), targetType("+ targetType +"))");
            boolean required = (targetType.hasAnnotation(RequestParam.class) && targetType.getAnnotation(RequestParam.class).required())
                    || (targetType.hasAnnotation(PathVariable.class) && targetType.getAnnotation(PathVariable.class).required());

            ModelObjectInterface moi = null;
            try {
                moi = formatter.parse((String) source, null);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            if (required && moi == null) {
                throw new ConversionFailedException(sourceType, targetType, source, new NullPointerException());
            }
            return moi;
        } else {
            return formatter.print((ModelObjectInterface) source, null);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


With winter weather approaching, your risk of experiencing a slip and fall accident could rise. If you are injured, protect yourself by taking the steps outlined below.
Seek medical attention immediately; your health is most important. Medical professionals will document your injuries, providing you with valuable proof should you pursue litigation.
File an accident report. If your fall occurred in an apartment, someones house, a retail establishment or other location, you should report the accident to the property owner, store manager or landlord. Ask for a copy of the accident report for your records.
Keep a level head. Being angry about the situation will not change what has happened; focus on healing. If the accident occurred on the property of a homeowner, limit contact with the homeowner for now.
Photograph the scene of the accident. Capture photos of weather conditions, walkways, stairs, hand rails and other factors that contributed to the accident. Note the date and time your fall occurred, as conditions can change quickly.
Obtain names and contact information of anyone who witnessed your fall. Their testimony will aid you in proving exactly how the event occurred if needed.
Store the outfit and footwear you wore when you fell in a safe place. These things may be used as evidence should you pursue a claim for compensation.
Contact an attorney about your options. A knowledgeable personal injury attorney Milwaukee with experience handling successful slip and fall cases will possess the resources needed to prove your injury claims and recover compensation.
Pitman, Kalkhoff, Sicula & Dentice, S.C. is committed to holding property owners accountable for the harm they've caused you, and we will fight for the compensation you deserve. Call us at 877-877-2228 for a free case evaluation.


America's youth is receiving smart phones and learning to use them at younger ages than ever before. The current high school population, which has grown up with them, are most likely addicted to their mobile devices and social media.
Parents should be concerned. Results from a 2016 Common Sense media report found that 50% of kids feel "addicted' to their mobile devices, while 59% of their parents believe that they are "addicted" to their mobile devices. This survey also stated that 72% of teens and 48% of parents feel the need to immediately respond to texts, social networking messages and other notification. 69% of parents and 78 percent of teens check their devices at least hourly.
A 2018 Pew Research report showed that 45% of teens said they use the Internet "almost constantly," and another 44% said they go online several times a day. 50% of teenage girls are constant online users, compared to 39% of teenage boys. 95% of teens have smart phones.
Smartphone addiction is closely related to impulse-control addiction. Teens experience decreased brain connectivity in parts of the brain that regulate emotions, decision making and impulse control. Usage may also include increased feelings of social loneliness.
Being glued to your smartphone is not technically identified as an "addiction," but it can be recognized as a behavioral disorder. Symptoms might include conscious use during dangerous situations like driving, and excessive use, causing them to withdraw them from family and friends and isolate themselves. There can be negative effects and outcomes on school, family, friendships,and mental states.
A recent experiment with phone use caught the eye of one of our teachers, Mrs. Candela, and she thought it would be interesting to do a bit of data collection to see just how distracting cell phones can be in a classroom.
The experiment involved charting the notifications of various apps and social media accounts, texts, and phone calls and then reporting back on the results. It took place during a single class period: 5th period 10th Lit.
The class is a relatively small one, with a mere 20 students. Students were instructed to go to the board and put a tick mark under the type of notification they received. Students were instructed not to reply to any of the interruptions, but simply to record them. The categories on the board included: Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, Gmail, YouTube, Twitter, text messages and phone calls.
One after another, kids went to the board to mark their notifications. In total, there were 145 notifications. That equals 145 distractions in a single, fifty-minute class. (And that is WITHOUT any notifications being opened or addressed.
Multiply that number times eight classes per day, and it is easy to see how smart phones are having have a tremendous and detrimental impact on the education of our young people.
Mrs. Tierce, Cartersville High's principal, recently reported to faculty at a monthly staff meeting that local businesses like Georgia Power's Plant Bowen and Anheuser-Busch have zero tolerance cell phone policies. If an employee is found to be on his or her phone while on the job, they will be immediately terminated.
With businesses growing stricter about cell phone usage and teen smart phone addictions on the increase, there seems to be trouble on the horizon for both entities unless phone usage can be contained.
On a side note, the most notifications (and highest distraction offender) went to Snapchat, with 79% of the pings, Instagram came in second, at 15%. All others filled the remaining 6%.


Description: The task was to compute the maximum aluminum-oxide and oxide-coolant temperatures of assemblies cladded in 99 plus percent aluminum. The assemblies considered were the Mark VB, VE, V5, 15 and 25. These assemblies consist of nested slug columns with individual uranium slugs cladded in aluminum cans. The CREDIT code was modified to calculate the oxide film thickness and the aluminum-oxide temperature at each axial increment. The information in this report will be used to evaluate the potential for cladding corrosion of the Mark 25 assembly.
Description: This report documents the groundwater flow and transport results presented in the groundwater mixing zone application (GWMZ) for the Old F-Area Seepage Basin (OFASB) submitted to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) in March, 1997 (WSRC, 1997).
Description: The task was to compute the maximum aluminum-oxide and oxide-coolant temperatures of assemblies cladded in 99+ percent aluminum. The assemblies considered were the Mark VB, VE, V5, 15 and 25. These assemblies consist of nested slug columns with individual uranium slugs cladded in aluminum cans. The CREDIT code was modified to calculate the oxide film thickness and the aluminum-oxide temperature at each axial increment. This information in this report will be used to evaluate the potential for cladding corrosion of the Mark 25 assembly.
Description: This report documents a finite element code designed to model subsurface flow and contaminant transport, named FACT. FACT is a transient three-dimensional, finite element code designed to simulate isothermal groundwater flow, moisture movement, and solute transport in variably saturated and fully saturated subsurface porous media.
Description: This report documents a series of capture zone analyses performed to access the expected overall performance of two (of the twelve) vertical airlift recirculation wells (ARWs) (specifically, SSR-011 and SRR-012) located in the Southern Sector of A/M Area.
Description: This report documents a finite element code designed to model subsurface flow and contaminant transport, named FACT. FACT is a transient three-dimensional, finite element code designed to simulate isothermal groundwater flow, moisture movement, and solute transport in variably saturated and fully saturated subsurface porous media. The code is designed specifically to handle complex multi-layer and/or heterogeneous aquifer systems in an efficient manner and accommodates a wide range of boundary conditions. Additionally, 1-D and 2-D (in Cartesian coordinates) problems are handled in FACT by simply limiting the number of elements in a particular direction(s) to one. The governing equations in FACT are formulated only in Cartesian coordinates.
Description: Savannah River Technology Center personnel have performed a zone of capture analysis of the recovery well network with the A/M-Area of the Savannah River Site. The analysis includes the simulated effects of the existing and planned recovery well systems. The analysis incorporates the results of a fully three-dimensional model developed for the A/M Area with post-processing advective reverse particle tracking to evaluate the zone of capture of the recovery well system. SRTC has examined scenarios that simulate the 0-5, the 5-15, and the 15-30 year zone of capture that result from the groundwater pump and treat systems for the existing and planned recovery wells. The results of this analysis provide information regarding groundwater plume containment and control for the M-Area Aquifer Zone, the Lost Lake Aquifer Zone, and the `Middle-Sand` Aquifer Zone of the Crouch Branch Confining Unit.
Creator: Jackson, D.G. & Aleman, S.E.
Description: Groundwater contamination resulting from releases of chlorinated volatile organic compounds into the environment is commonplace. Industrial solvents, such as trichloroethylene (TCE), were historically released into top soils as a means of disposal. At numerous sites nationwide, cleanup efforts are underway. To evaluate the benefits associated with proposed remediation alternatives, flow and transport modeling is playing an ever increasing role. In many situations site characterization of contaminant source terms is very sketchy, resulting in a lack of necessary data to develop a reliable source term model directly from a database. As such, investigators are forced into an approach of estimating the source term in an inverse modeling fashion. Field-scale attempts are made here to predict the fate and transport of TCE under various remediation alternatives. Under a no action scenario, inverse modeling to establish the source term is performed where comparison to field measurements are made.
Creator: Hamm, L. L.; Aleman, S. E. & Shadday, M. A.
Description: The spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde and hypothetical spherical SuperLig(r) 644 ion-exchange resins are evaluated for cesium removal from radioactive waste solutions. Modeling results show that spherical SuperLig(r) 644 reduces column cycling by 50% for high-potassium solutions. Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde performs equally well for the lowest-potassium wastes. Less cycling reduces nitric acid usage during resin elution and sodium addition during resin regeneration, therefore, significantly decreasing life-cycle operational costs. A model assessment of the mechanism behind ''cesium bleed'' is also conducted. When a resin bed is eluted, a relatively small amount of cesium remains within resin particles. Cesium can bleed into otherwise decontaminated product in the next loading cycle. The bleed mechanism is shown to be fully isotherm-controlled vs. mass transfer controlled. Knowledge of residual post-elution cesium level and resin isotherm can be utilized to predict rate of cesium bleed in a mostly non-loaded column. Overall, this work demonstrates the versatility of the ion-exchange modeling to study the effects of resin characteristics on processing cycles, rates, and cold chemical consumption. This evaluation justifies further development of a spherical form of the SL644 resin.
Creator: Hang, T.; Nash, C. A. & Aleman, S. E.
Description: This report documents assembly deposited power limits and the corresponding effluent temperature limits recommended for operating the K-14.1 subcycle to ensure sufficient cooling of reactor assemblies during the ECS phase of a Double Ended Guillotine Break (DEGSS) Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA). The ECS LOCA effluent temperature limits are computed for each flowzone of the K-14.1 charge. The recommended overall DEGB LOCA ECS power limit is 1515 MW or about 63.1% of the historical full reactor power limit (assumed to be 2400-MW) for Mark 22 assemblies. The design basis accident is a break in the plenum inlet line where the AC pump motors not tripped.
Creator: Smith, F. G. III & Aleman, S. E.
Description: This document is a set of detailed instructions and guidelines to aid users in constructing and interpreting FLOWTRAN-TF input and output files for version 1.2 of the source code. The document assumes the user is familiar with the FLOWTRAN-TF Software Design report, SRS fuel assembly hardware, and two-phase flow. General code capabilities and input options are summarized. Then, detailed instructions for creating and interpreting code input files are given next. A sample input deck and corresponding output files are listed for reference and illustration. FLOWTRAN-TF is a two-phase thermal-hydraulics code of similar technology to existing commercial reactor codes such as RELAP and TRAC but customized for Savannah River Site applications. The code may be used to simulate solid components, fluid coolant flow and solid-fluid heat transfer, or fluid flow only (adiabatic flow channels). Pure component water or two-component air-water flows may be modeled. A variety of materials may be chosen for the solid tubes separating flow channels. FLOWTRAN-TF is fundamentally a transient analysis tool.
Creator: Flach, G. P.; Lee, S. Y. & Aleman, S. E.
Creator: Smith, F.G. III & Aleman, S.E.
Description: FLOWTRAN-TF was created to analyze an individual Mk22 fuel assembly during a large break Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA) scenario involving the Savannah River Site K-reactor after the initial few seconds of the transient. During the initial few seconds reactor cooling is limited by the static or Ledinegg flow instability phenomenon. The predecessor FLOWTRAN code was developed to analyze this portion of a LOCA. In the several seconds following the break, a significant fraction of the reactor coolant inventory leaks out the break, Emergency Cooling System (ECS) flow is initiated, and air enters the primary coolant circulation loops. Reactor fuel assemblies are cooled by a low flowrate air-water downflow. Existing commercial nuclear industry thermal-hydraulic codes were judged inadequate for detailed modeling of a Mk22 fuel assembly because the application involves a ribbed annular geometry, low pressure, downflow and an air-water mixture. FLOWTRAN-TF is a two-phase thermal-hydraulics code of similar technology to existing commercial codes such as RELAP and TRAC but customized for Savannah River Site applications. The main features and capabilities of FLOWTRAN-TF are detailed Mk22 fuel assembly ribbed annular geometry; conjugate heat transfer; detailed neutronic power distribution; three-dimensional heat conduction in Mk22 fuel and target tubes; two-dimensional coolant flow in channels (axial, azimuthal); single-phase and/or two-phase fluid (gas, liquid and/or gas-liquid); two-component (air, water); constitutive models applicable to low pressure air-water downflow in ribbed annular channels. The design of FLOWTRAN-TF is described in detail in this report which serves as the Software Design Report in accordance with Quality Assurance Procedure IV-4, Rev. 0 ``Software Design and Implementation`` in the 1Q34 manual.
Description: FLOWTRAN-TF was created to analyze an individual Mk22 fuel assembly during a large break Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA) scenario involving the Savannah River Site K-reactor after the initial few seconds of the transient. During the initial few seconds reactor cooling is limited by the static or Ledinegg flow instability phenomenon. The predecessor FLOWTRAN code was developed to analyze this portion of a LOCA. In the several seconds following the break, a significant fraction of the reactor coolant inventory leaks out the break, Emergency Cooling System (ECS) flow is initiated, and air enters the primary coolant circulation loops. Reactor fuel assemblies are cooled by a low flowrate air-water downflow. Existing commercial nuclear industry thermal-hydraulic codes were judged inadequate for detailed modeling of a Mk22 fuel assembly because the application involves a ribbed annular geometry, low pressure, downflow and an air-water mixture. FLOWTRAN-TF is a two-phase thermal-hydraulics code of similar technology to existing commercial codes such as RELAP and TRAC but customized for Savannah River Site applications. The main features and capabilities of FLOWTRAN-TF are detailed Mk22 fuel assembly ribbed annular geometry; conjugate heat transfer; detailed neutronic power distribution; three-dimensional heat conduction in Mk22 fuel and target tubes; two-dimensional coolant flow in channels (axial, azimuthal); single-phase and/or two-phase fluid (gas, liquid and/or gas-liquid); two-component (air, water); constitutive models applicable to low pressure air-water downflow in ribbed annular channels. The design of FLOWTRAN-TF is described in detail in this report which serves as the Software Design Report in accordance with Quality Assurance Procedure IV-4, Rev. 0 Software Design and Implementation'' in the 1Q34 manual.
Creator: Aleman, S.E.; Flach, G.P.; Hamm, L.L.; Lee, S.Y. & Smith, F.G. III.
Creator: McCabe, D. J.; Hamm, L. L.; Aleman, S. E.; Peeler, D. K.; Herman, C. C. & Edwards, T. B.
Description: The FLOWTRAN-TF code development effort was initiated in early 1989 as a code to monitor production reactor cooling systems at the Savannah River Plant. This report is a documentation of the various codes that make up FLOWTRAN-TF.
Creator: Aleman, S.E.; Cooper, R.E.; Flach, G.P.; Hamm, L.L.; Lee, S. & Smith, F.G. III.


text:
Badilisha Ecovillage Trust
managed by E. Odula
Just off Kenya's Lake Victoria shore, Rusinga, at 46 square kilometers, is a small island. Several hills rise nearly 1,000 feet from the shore of but have lost much of their former forested glory to firewood and overgrazing as the island's population has grown.. The lack of tree cover allows heavy rains to wash the soil down the hills and in many areas the land is eroded right down to the underlying rock. The community here has relied traditionally on a combination of fishing and subsistence farming, so loss of soils, together with diminishing returns from the lake (for a number of reasons) and increasingly unpredictable rainfall is a very serious problem. Food insecurity and malnutrition, low levels of literacy and educational achievement, poor provision of infrastructure and one of the highest levels of HIV infection in Africa make this a very fragile place.
It was in response to all these issues that, in 2007, Evans Odula founded Badilisha Trust, now a registered Community Based Organisation. His initial idea was for a multi-purpose centre which would include a library and ICT resource centre, offer courses on a variety of sustainability issues and demonstrate organic farming practices. Badilisha would also respond to the urgent needs of the community, especially in relation to education and health, and develop partnerships with individuals and organisations from other parts of the world. Evans worked with friends from the local community, from further afield in Kenya and from other parts of the world to develop his idea. True to its name, Badilisha (a Swahili word meaning 'change') would help the community to which it belongs change, creating a better place to live in.
During the first year several courses in non-violent communication were run for communities around the island and an educational sponsorship programme was started.
Early in 2009 the trust acquired nearly an acre of land close to the lake at very low cost. With donations from friends at home and overseas and the involvement of the community, an office, meeting rooms and several other buildings were constructed, a small photovoltaic system was installed, and trees were planted.
It was around this time that Evans got inspired by permaculture and its ideas became central to Badilisha's development.
To practice permaculture is to design consciously for sustainable human activities. The idea was first developed in Australia in the 1970s in response to environmental problems, in particular the effects that modern farming practices have on the environment. Permaculture design is enveloped in three overarching ethics: people care, earth care and 'fair shares'. It takes its principles from the study of natural ecosystems, working as far as possible with nature, not against it. Permaculture smallholdings around the world have been shown to maintain soil fertility, and to be at least as efficient in food production as large-scale monoculture agricultural systems. Because of their rejection of fossil fuel based agricultural inputs, and their use of practices such as planting trees, using recycled materials and keeping soil covered, they reduce carbon emissions and so address climate change. Permaculture solutions are increasingly being adopted in African countries as an effective route towards sustainable farming.
In March 2011 the centre hosted a Permaculture Design Certificate training (PDC) which produced a design for Badilisha as a permaculture resource centre. The vision includes a demonstration garden, community space, facilities for running trainings, a roadside shop for selling farm produce, a library and an internet and computer services centre, which would provide income as well as offering a much needed service to the community and local schools, and a visitors' accommodation area, to include a small house and a camp site. Evans' original ideas of offering outreach programmes for farmers and responding to urgent issues in the wider community are also still a major part of Badilisha's mission.
In the design these elements are combined with 'voluntourism' which offers people from other communities and other countries the opportunity to stay as volunteers, learning and sharing their knowledge about permaculture, immersing themselves in local culture, and seeing the sights. Volunteers pay a small charge for food and accommodation with a little going towards Badilisha's work; they are hosted by local families, and in future will be able to choose between that and camping at the Badilisha site.
Several elements of the design are now in place, including a duck pond, rabbits and chickens, a mandala garden for indigenous vegetables, banana circles, the beginnings of a food forest, a herb and medicinal plant spiral, and a rain water harvesting and drip irrigation system (paid for by a generous one-off donation from a foreign sponsor). There is much still to be done, including a lot that needs funding.
The centre is already well used by the community for meetings and courses, where the ethics of people and earth care are clearly seen. Workshops on low energy cooking have been offered, with more in the pipeline. An orphans' feeding programme will start within the next couple of months, with the generous support of a Canadian branch of the Rotary Club. Another PDC training is scheduled for December 2012 and an organic farming course is in the planning stage. Badilisha has also been working with communities outside of the centre, for instance installing sanitation facilities for fishermen at nearby beaches and engaging children in food production by helping local schools develop sustainable food gardens.
Permaculture's third ethic, fair shares, or sharing of surplus, is in constant evidence, and demonstrates our commitment to co-operation as a way of working. For instance, a local farmer brings his three cows to graze in the camping area: Badilisha gets the grass cut and keeps the manure; the farmer gets well nourished cows. The school a few metres up the road brings its spare mulching material and gets our input in its garden.
We are applying the ethics and principles of permaculture to the challenge of getting Badilisha financially self reliant and sustainable. (Although originally devised for designing food growing systems, permaculture can be applied to pretty much any area of human endeavour.)
To be resilient we need several sources of income. Currently, some cash is generated from the sale of farm produce and phone charging, and from the payments of volunteers. Courses and workshops cover their own costs and generate some additional funds. Donations through our website add a little, and we have received some larger one-off donations. In the near future the campsite will be ready, and we expect to generate some income from that. However these sources are unpredictable, and cannot be relied upon to cover our regular expenses (mainly staffing costs). To become sustainable, the project needs reliable, regular income.
It's clear that the ICT resource centre has great potential to meet a significant proportion of our needs regularly and reliably. It also has high start-up costs. We've been promised a donation of solar panels which should provide the necessary power, but we still need an inverter and batteries to get the system up and running. And we need the ICT hardware (which, even from computer recycling charities, still comes at a cost).
There are several other areas of need for funding: we want a windmill to pump water from the lake for irrigation during the lengthy dry seasons: the pump we use now is gas powered and thus not sustainable; the biogas system requires funds, and we want to enlarge our permaculture and sustainability library.
We'd love you to help!
Rusinga West
South Nyanza Province
E. Odula
http://www.badilisha.net


text:
Q: Bash - Looping through the content of file and perform actions on rows and columns The structure of the my input files are as follows:
<string1>   <string2>   <stringN>
hello   nice    world
one     three

NOTE:, the second row has a tab/null on the second column. so second column on second row is empty and not 'three'
In bash, I want to loop through each row and also be able to process each individual column (string[1-N])
I am able to iterate to each row:
#!/bin/bash

while IFS='' read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
        line=${line/$/'\t'/,}
        read -r -a columns <<< "$line"
        echo "current Row: $line"
        echo "column[1]: '${columns[1]}'"
        #echo "column[N] '${columns[N]}'"
done < "${1}"

Expected result:
current Row: hello,nice,world
column[1]: 'nice'
current Row: one,,three
column[1]: ''

Basically what I do is iterate through the input file (here passed as argument), do all the "cleaning" like prevents whitespace from being trimmed, ignore backslashes an consider also the last line.
then I replace the tabs '\t' by a comma
and finally read the line into an array (columns) to be able to select a particular column.
The input file has tabs as separator value, so I tried to convert it to csv format, I am not sure if the regex I use is correct in bash, or something else is wrong because this does not return a value in the array.
Thanks

A: You are almost there, a little fix on the on translating '\t' to commas and you have to set also IFS to be the comma.
try this:
#!/bin/bash
while IFS='' read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
        line=${line//$'\t'/,}
        IFS=',' read -r -a columns <<< "$line"
        #echo "current Row: $line"
        echo "column[0]:'${columns[0]}' column[1]:'${columns[1]}' column[2]:'${columns[2]}'"

done < "${1}"

run:
$> <the_script> <the_file>

Outputs:
column[0]:'hello' column[1]:'nice' column[2]:'world '
column[0]:'one' column[1]:'' column[2]:'three'