As of August 27, 2010, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, $0.0001 par value, was 21,782,913.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
AeroVironment, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), is engaged in the design, development, production and support of unmanned aircraft systems and efficient energy systems for various industries and governmental agencies.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation with respect to the interim financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the three months ended July 31, 2010 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year ending April 30, 2011. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended April 30, 2010, included in AeroVironment, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including estimates of anticipated contract costs and revenue utilized in the revenue recognition process, that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The Company's consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and operating results of wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company's products are sold and divided among two reportable segments to reflect the Company's strategic goals. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise from which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company's CODM is the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the revenue and gross margin results for each of these segments in order to make resource allocation decisions, including the focus of research and development, or R&D, activities and assessing performance. The Company's reportable segments are business units that offer different products and services and are managed separately.
The Company's investments are accounted for as held-to-maturity and available-for-sale and reported at amortized cost and fair value, respectively.
Fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, retentions and accounts payable approximate cost due to the short period of time to maturity.
Payments to the Company on government cost reimbursable contracts are based on provisional, or estimated indirect rates, which are subject to an annual audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency ("DCAA"). The cost audits result in the negotiation and determination of the final indirect cost rates that the Company may use for the period(s) audited. The final rates, if different from the provisional rates, may create an additional receivable or liability for the Company.
For example, during the course of its audits, the DCAA may question the Company's incurred project costs, and if the DCAA believes the Company has accounted for such costs in a manner inconsistent with the requirements under Federal Acquisition Regulations, the DCAA auditor may recommend to the Company's administrative contracting officer to disallow such costs. The Company can provide no assurance that the DCAA or other government audits will not result in material disallowances for incurred costs in the future.
Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, excluding shares of unvested restricted stock. Due to the net loss for the three months ended July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009, no shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options or shares of unvested restricted stock were included in the computation of diluted loss per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standards update that requires an entity to allocate arrangement consideration at the inception of an arrangement to all of its deliverables based on their relative selling prices, eliminates the use of the residual method of allocation, and requires the relative-selling-price method in all circumstances in which an entity recognizes revenue of an arrangement with multiple deliverables. This guidance will be effective for the Company beginning on May 1, 2011, however, early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that this new guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
At July 31, 2010, the balance of held-to-maturity securities consisted of U.S. Treasury bills. Interest earned from these investments is recorded in interest income.
As of July 31, 2010, the entire balance of available-for-sale securities consisted of four investment grade auction rate municipal bonds with maturities ranging from 9 to 24 years. These investments have characteristics similar to short-term investments, because at pre-determined intervals, generally ranging from 30 to 35 days, there is a new auction process at which the interest rates for these securities are reset to current interest rates. At the end of such period, the Company chooses to roll-over its holdings or redeem the investments for cash. A market maker facilitates the redemption of the securities and the underlying issuers are not required to redeem the investment within 365 days. Interest earned from these investments is recorded in interest income.
During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended April 30, 2008, the Company began experiencing failed auctions on some of its auction rate securities. A failed auction occurs when a buyer for the securities cannot be obtained and the market maker does not buy the security for its own account. The Company continues to earn interest on the investments that failed to settle at auction at the maximum contractual rate until the next auction occurs. In the event the Company needs to access funds invested in these auction rate securities, the Company may not be able to liquidate these securities at the fair value recorded on July 31, 2010, until a future auction of these securities is successful or a buyer is found outside of the auction process.
As a result of the failed auctions, the fair values of these securities are estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis as of July 31, 2010. The analysis considers, among other items, the collateralization underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, and the estimated date upon which the security is expected to have a successful auction.
Based on the Company's ability to access its cash and cash equivalents, expected operating cash flows, and other sources of cash, the Company does not anticipate the current lack of liquidity on these investments will affect its ability to operate the business in the ordinary course. The Company believes the current lack of liquidity of these investments is temporary and expects that the securities will be redeemed or refinanced at some point in the future. The Company will continue to monitor the value of its auction rate securities at each reporting period for a possible other-than-temporary impairment. The auction rate securities have been in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. The Company has the ability and the intent to hold these investments until a recovery of fair value, which may be at maturity, and as of July 31, 2010, it did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
· Level 1 — Inputs to the valuation based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible as of the measurement date.
· Level 2 — Inputs to the valuation include quoted prices in either markets that are not active, or in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
· Level 3 — Inputs to the valuation that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The auction rate securities are valued using a discounted cash flow model. The analysis considers, among other items, the collateralization underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, and the estimated date upon which the security is expected to have a successful auction.
Based on the Company's ability to access its cash and cash equivalents, expected operating cash flows, and other sources of cash, the Company does not anticipate the current lack of liquidity on these investments will affect its ability to operate the business in the ordinary course. The Company believes the current lack of liquidity of these investments is temporary and expects that the securities will be redeemed or refinanced at some point in the future, allowing the Company to recover the original cost of $7.7 million. The Company will continue to monitor the value of its auction rate securities at each reporting period for a possible other-than-temporary impairment.
Customer-funded R&D costs are incurred pursuant to contracts (revenue arrangements) to perform R&D activities according to customer specifications. These costs are direct contract costs and are expensed to cost of sales when the corresponding revenue is recognized, which is generally as the R&D services are performed. Revenue from customer-funded R&D was approximately $11.9 million and $24.0 million for the three months ended July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009, respectively.
For the three months ended July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009, the Company recorded a benefit for income taxes of $3.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively, yielding an effective tax rate of 52.1% and 33.5%, respectively. The variance from statutory rates for the three months ended July 31, 2010 was primarily due to a reduction in the liability for uncertain tax positions related to the conclusion of the examination of the Company's fiscal 2003 and 2004 tax returns. The examination concluded in May of 2010 and no change was required to the tax returns filed. The variance from statutory rates for the three months ended August 1, 2009 was primarily due to R&D tax credits.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ("UAS") — The UAS segment consists primarily of the design, development, production and support of unmanned aircraft systems solutions.
Efficient Energy Systems ("EES") — The EES segment consists primarily of the design, development, production and support of system solutions for the clean transportation markets.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 1, "Organization and Significant Accounting Policies." The operating segments do not make sales to each other. Depreciation and amortization related to the manufacturing of goods is included in gross margin for the segments. The Company does not discretely allocate assets to its operating segments, nor does the CODM evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information. Consequently, the Company operates its financial systems as a single segment for accounting and control purposes, maintains a single indirect rate structure across all segments, has no inter-segment sales or corporate elimination transactions, and maintains limited financial statement information by segment.
Unless required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. When we prepare these consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Some of our accounting policies require that we make subjective judgments, including estimates that involve matters that are inherently uncertain. Our most critical estimates include those related to revenue recognition, inventories and reserves for excess and obsolescence, long-term investments, self-insured liabilities, accounting for stock-based awards, and income taxes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There have been no material changes made to the critical accounting estimates during the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements from those disclosed in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010.
Due to our fixed year end date of April 30, our first and fourth quarters each consist of approximately 13 weeks. The second and third quarters each consist of exactly 13 weeks. Our first three quarters end on a Saturday. Our 2011 fiscal year ends on April 30, 2011 and our fiscal quarters end on July 31, 2010, October 30, 2010 and January 29, 2011.
Our operating segments are Unmanned Aircraft Systems, or UAS, and Efficient Energy Systems, or EES. The accounting policies for each of these segments are the same. In addition, a significant portion of our research and development, or R&D, selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, and general overhead resources are shared across our segments.
Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2010 was $38.2 million, as compared to $37.9 million for the three months ended August 1, 2009, representing an increase of $0.3 million, or 1%. UAS revenue increased by $0.1 million to $33.4 million for the three months ended July 31, 2010, primarily due to an increase in UAS service revenue of $9.0 million and product deliveries of $3.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in customer-funded R&D work of $12.5 million. The increase in UAS product deliveries and service revenue was primarily due to increased production and retrofits of Raven B systems with our Digital Data Link (DDL) technology. The decrease in customer-funded R&D work was primarily due to decreased activity on the Global Observer program. EES revenue increased by $0.2 million, or 3%, to $4.8 million for the three months ended July 31, 2010. The increase in EES revenue was primarily due to increased product deliveries of electric vehicle test systems.
Cost of Sales. Cost of sales for the three months ended July 31, 2010 was $26.2 million, as compared to $27.2 million for the three months ended August 1, 2009, representing a decrease of $1.0 million, or 4%. The decrease in cost of sales was caused primarily by a decrease in UAS cost of sales of $1.3 million, partially offset by an increase in EES cost of sales of $0.2 million.
Gross Margin. Gross margin for the three months ended July 31, 2010 was $12.0 million, as compared to $10.7 million for the three months ended August 1, 2009, representing an increase of $1.3 million, or 12%. UAS gross margin increased $1.4 million, or 15%, to $10.4 million for the three months ended July 31, 2010. As a percentage of revenue, gross margin for UAS increased from 27% to 31%, primarily due to increased product deliveries and retrofits of Raven B systems equipped with DDL technology. EES gross margin decreased $0.1 million, or 4%, to $1.7 million for the three months ended July 31, 2010. As a percentage of revenue, EES gross margin decreased from 37% to 35%, primarily due to higher unabsorbed manufacturing and engineering overhead support costs.
Selling, General and Administrative. SG&A expense for the three months ended July 31, 2010 was $11.4 million, or 30% of revenue, compared to SG&A expense of $10.5 million, or 28% of revenue, for the three months ended August 1, 2009. SG&A expense increased $0.9 million primarily due to higher selling and business development costs and higher administrative infrastructure costs.
Research and Development. R&D expense for the three months ended July 31, 2010 was $8.0 million, or 21% of revenue, which was higher than R&D expense of $5.7 million, or 15% of revenue, for the three months ended August 1, 2009. R&D expense increased $2.3 million primarily due to increased investment in various UAS and EES technology development initiatives.
Interest Income. Interest income for the three months ended July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009 remained unchanged at $0.1 million.
Income Tax Benefit. Benefit for income taxes for the three months ended July 31, 2010 was $3.7 million, or an effective income tax rate of 52.1%, as compared to a benefit of $1.8 million, or an effective income tax rate of 33.5% for the three months ended August 1, 2009. The increase in the benefit for income taxes was primarily due to a reduction in the liability for uncertain tax positions related to the conclusion of the examination of the Company's fiscal 2003 and 2004 tax returns. The examination concluded in May of 2010 and no change was required to the tax returns filed.
Backlog. We define funded backlog as unfilled firm orders for products and services for which funding currently is appropriated to us under the contract by the customer. As of July 31, 2010 and April 30, 2010, our funded backlog was approximately $63.6 million and $72.3 million, respectively. On August 19, 2010 and August 23, 2010, the Company received contract delivery orders valued at $35.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively, for digital Puma® All Environment unmanned aircraft systems and additional support services and equipment. As these orders were received subsequent to July 31, 2010, they are not included in funded backlog as of July 31, 2010.
In addition to our funded backlog, we also had unfunded backlog of $255.3 million and $269.4 million as of July 31, 2010 and April 30, 2010, respectively. We define unfunded backlog as the total remaining potential order amounts under cost reimbursable and fixed price contracts with multiple one-year options, and indefinite delivery indefinite quantity, or IDIQ, contracts. Unfunded backlog does not obligate the U.S. government to purchase goods or services. There can be no assurance that unfunded backlog will result in any orders in any particular period, if at all. Management believes that unfunded backlog does not provide a reliable measure of future estimated revenue under our contracts.
Because of possible future changes in delivery schedules and/or cancellations of orders, backlog at any particular date is not necessarily representative of actual sales to be expected for any succeeding period, and actual sales for the year may not meet or exceed the backlog represented. Our backlog is typically subject to large variations from quarter to quarter as existing contracts expire or are renewed, or new contracts are awarded. A majority of our contracts, specifically our IDIQ contracts, do not currently obligate the U.S. government to purchase any goods or services. Additionally, all U.S. government contracts included in backlog, whether or not funded, may be terminated at the convenience of the U.S. government.
We currently have no material cash commitments, except for normal recurring trade payables, accrued expenses and ongoing research and development costs, all of which we anticipate funding through our existing working capital and funds provided by operating activities. The majority of our purchase obligations are pursuant to funded contractual arrangements with our customers. In addition, we do not currently anticipate significant investment in property, plant and equipment, and we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities and other financing sources will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital, capital expenditure and debt service requirements, if any, during the next twelve months. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will continue to generate cash flow at current levels. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations, then we may be required to sell assets, reduce capital expenditures or obtain additional financing. The global credit crisis has imposed exceptional levels of volatility and disruption in the capital markets, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, and increased counterparty risk. Nevertheless, we anticipate that existing sources of liquidity and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to satisfy our cash needs for the foreseeable future.
Our primary liquidity needs are for financing working capital, investing in capital expenditures, supporting product development efforts, introducing new products and enhancing existing products and services, and marketing acceptance and adoption of our products and services. Our future capital requirements, to a certain extent, are also subject to general conditions in or affecting the defense industry and are subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors that are beyond our control. Moreover, to the extent that existing cash, cash equivalents, cash from operations, and cash from short-term borrowing are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing. To the extent we require additional funding, we cannot be certain that such funding will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Although we are currently not a party to any agreement or letter of intent with respect to potential investment in, or acquisitions of, businesses, services or technologies, we may enter into these types of arrangements in the future, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing.
Recent global market and economic conditions have been unprecedented and challenging with tighter credit conditions and recession in most major economies. As a result of these market conditions, the cost and availability of credit has been and may continue to be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads. Concern about the stability of the markets generally and the strength of counterparties specifically has led many lenders and institutional investors to reduce, and in some cases, cease to provide credit to businesses and consumers. These factors have led to a decrease in spending by businesses and consumers alike, and a corresponding decrease in global infrastructure spending. Continued turbulence in the U.S. and international markets and economies and prolonged declines in business and consumer spending may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, and the liquidity and financial condition of our customers, including our ability to access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs. In addition, we maintain significant amounts of cash and cash equivalents at one or more financial institutions that are in excess of federally insured limits. Given the current instability of financial institutions, we cannot be assured that we will not experience losses on these deposits.
monthly as work progresses, and therefore working capital investment is minimal. On fixed-price contracts, we typically are paid as we deliver products, and working capital is needed to fund labor and expenses incurred during the lead time from contract award until contract deliveries begin.
Cash Used in Operating Activities. Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended July 31, 2010 increased by $9.7 million to $5.3 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $4.5 million for the three months ended August 1, 2009. This increase in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to higher working capital needs of $10.9 million, partially offset by higher depreciation of $0.7 million and higher income of $0.1 million.
Cash Provided by Investing Activities. Net cash provided by investing activities increased by $30.0 million to $21.9 million for the three months ended July 31, 2010, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $8.1 million for the three months ended August 1, 2009. The increase in net cash provided by investing activities was primarily due to net sales of investments of $29.6 million and lower acquisitions of property and equipment of $0.4 million.
Cash Provided by Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities decreased by $0.3 million to $0.1 million for the three months ended July 31, 2010, compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended August 1, 2009. During the three months ended July 31, 2010, we received proceeds from stock option exercises of $0.1 million.
During the first quarter, there were no material changes in our off balance sheet arrangements or contractual obligations and commercial commitments from those disclosed in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010.
Our operations have not been, and we do not expect them to be, materially affected by inflation. Historically, we have been successful in adjusting prices to our customers to reflect changes in our material and labor costs.
Please refer to Note 1 "Organization and Significant Accounting Policies" to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements.
In the ordinary course of business, we are exposed to various market risk factors, including fluctuations in interest rates, changes in general economic conditions, domestic and foreign competition, and foreign currency exchange rates.
It is our policy not to enter into interest rate derivative financial instruments. We do not currently have any significant interest rate exposure.
engage in forward contracts in foreign currencies to limit our exposure on non-U.S. dollar transactions.
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures.
Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at a reasonable assurance level.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during the quarter ended July 31, 2010, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings. We are, however, subject to lawsuits from time to time in the ordinary course of business.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010. Please refer to that section for disclosures regarding the risks and uncertainties related to our business.
Form of Long-Term Compensation Award Grant Notice and Long-Term Compensation Award Agreement under the AeroVironment, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(1) Incorporated herein by reference to AeroVironment, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 28, 2010.
The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2010 (the "Periodic Report") of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)) and information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


The essence of luxury and comfort. Private drive, charming entry, spacious interior (4,322sf on first and second floor), extended family living opportunities (1,776 sf walk-out lower level), and an exceptional outdoor living space. Built in 2000 the residence was designed to accommodate family (large or small), as well as, friends who stay for one or many nights. The main level offers an open Family Room and Kitchen and a Master Suite complete with fireplace. The second floor offers a Library Loft, and 3 En-Suite Bedrooms. A second level Bonus Room, accessed by a second stair case, offers full bath and mini Kitchen. The walk-out lower level is perfect as an In-Law Suite with fireplace and full Bath, Hobby Room, wine storage room (not conditioned), work shop, and storage area. Provisions are in place for a future elevator. The outdoor area is highlighted by covered verandas on three levels with striking views of the salt water pool, golf course, and pond. 3-car garage.


New York City is one of the most magical places in the world to be during the holidays.
Looking to escape the snow in search of someplace hot and sunny, or longing for a festive white Christmas for a change? Whether hot or cold, one of these enchanting cities is sure to spark your interest.
From holiday markets and festivals to snow and water sports to cultural happenings, these cities make for the best Christmas vacations, providing seemingly endless opportunities for entertainment. Or, if you're just looking for a little R&R, there are options for the most laid-back travelers as well.
New York City is one of the most magical places to go for Christmas. Despite temperatures near or below freezing, there are tons of festive things to do and see while in the city.
From catching a Broadway show to watching the tree lighting at Rockefeller Center to enjoying the holiday window displays with a cup of cocoa, nothing beats the excitement of Christmas in the Big Apple. Central Park is especially memorable in the winter when it's blanketed in white. You can enjoy ice skating, sledding and plenty of snow-filled fun for all ages.
In Mexico, Christmas is synonymous with party time. San Miguel de Allende in particular offers a memorable holiday experience with traditional posadas, or holiday festivals where local residents play out Joseph and Mary's journey to find lodging for Jesus' birth.
The Fiesta Navidad, as it's called, features concerts, fireworks, elaborate meals and donkeys roaming throughout the colonial city making for a charming old world experience. During the day, enjoy San Miguel de Allende's artistic spirit in addition to basking in thermal baths or hiking among ancient pyramids at the Cañada de la Virgen.
While you could surely go skiing at one of the nearby resorts, if you visit Montreux during December, you're in for a treat. Situated on Lake Geneva at the foot of The Alps, the Swiss city boasts one of the largest and most famous Christmas markets in Europe, Montreux Noel.
A perfect family getaway, the market has shopping, chocolate and candle making workshops, a medieval festival at Chillon Castle, and a magic garden full of Christmas lights. Most special of all, however, is the train that takes you right to Santa's house for an exclusive meet-and-greet and optional sleepover in a yurt.
Want a more budget-friendly option? The city of Adermatt is a great destination for a cheap Christmas vacation and still has traditional Christmas markets in addition to snowy ski slopes.
The United Kingdom is another magical location for Christmas vacations. Edinburgh in particular boasts snowy hills and medieval architecture; a bustling cosmopolitan city full of things to do.
A popular ski and snowboard destination, Edinburgh's hills offer ski resorts and centers with vacation packages and lessons for all skill levels. Within the city, you can find traditional holiday markets for shopping and plenty of booze and comfort food to warm you as you go.
Learn about the Scottish traditions of Christmas and enjoy Christmas lunch at the historic Edinburgh Castle. Make sure your stay continues through New Year's to experience Hogmanay, a truly unique three day street party.
Check out Cape Town during the holidays for a trendy mix of outdoorsy activities, cultural landmarks and fine dining. Hike or take the historic cable car up one of the seven natural wonders of the world, Table Mountain.
Nearby Boulders Beach is even home to a colony of African penguins. To experience a taste of South African luxury, head to Clifton 4th beach where the rich and beautiful spend their days or tour one of the many wineries and vineyards in Cape Town's own wine country.
Like many other countries during this time of year, Cape Town also hosts a variety of markets, street fairs and festivals to celebrate the holidays.


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What Is President Trump's Approval Rating With The Military 2020
Is Donald Trump Pro Life
Which Us States Voted For Trump
What Is Trump's Medical Plan
What Stocks Does Trump Own
What Did Trump Get Impeached For
Trump Illegally Used His Charitable Foundation For Political Purposes
Impeached: Watch the moment President Trump was impeached
Trump was ordered to pay $2 million to the charities that he scammed with his fraudulent charity, the Trump Foundation. He also has been prohibited from ever serving on the board of any charity in the future.
Trump raised money that was supposed to go to a veteran's charity but the investigation revealed that the money was used for Trump's political campaign and never sent to the veterans groups.
Additionally, the Trump Foundation illegally made a $25,000 contribution to the Florida Attorney General who was investigating the fraudulent Trump University. Then, the Trump Foundation falsely reported the $25,000 contribution on their taxes, claiming that it went to a charity in Kansas which, in fact, never received any money from them.
What Does An Impeachment Vote Mean For A Sitting President And For A Former President
A president can continue governing even after he or she has been impeached by the House of Representatives.
Trump continued to govern after his impeachment in December 2019, and of course, ran for reelection in 2020. After Clinton was impeached on Dec. 19, 1998, he finished out his second term, which ended in January 2001, during which time he was acquitted in a Senate impeachment trial. While Clinton continued governing, and the impeachment had no legal or official impact, his legacy is marred by the proceeding.
Drafted Articles Of Impeachment
Within hours of the Capitol attack, members of Congress began to call for the impeachment of Donald Trump as president. Several representatives began the process of independently drafting various articles of impeachment. Of these attempts, the first to become public were those of Representative Ilhan Omar " rel="nofollow"> DMN-5) who drafted and introduced articles of impeachment against Trump.
Representative David Cicilline " rel="nofollow"> DRI-1) separately drafted an article of impeachment. The text was obtained by CNN on January 8. On Twitter, Cicilline acknowledged the coauthorship of Ted Lieu and Jamie Raskin, and said that "more than 110" members had signed on to this article. "Article I: Incitement of Insurrection" accuses Trump of having "willfully made statements that encouragedand foreseeably resulted inimminent lawless action at the Capitol". As a result of incitement by Trump, "a mob unlawfully breached the Capitol" and "engaged in violent, deadly, destructive, and seditious acts". On January 10, it was announced that the bill had gathered 210 cosponsors in the House.
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Politicsread The Articles Of Impeachment Against President Donald Trump
The hours of back and forth before the vote offered no new evidence and shed no new light on the allegations against the president, as Republicans and Democrats mainly echoed many of the same points they've been making for weeks.
The proceedings were mostly civil, although some Republicans amped up the hyperbole. Rep. Barry Loudermilk of Georgia said Jesus got a fairer trial from the Roman governor who sentenced him to crucifixion than Trump had gotten from House Democrats.
"When Jesus was falsely accused of treason, Pontius Pilate gave Jesus the opportunity to face his accusers," Loudermilk said said on the House floor. "During that sham trial, Pontius Pilate afforded more rights to Jesus than Democrats have afforded this president in this process."
A White House official told NBC News that Trump did not plan to watch the proceedings but would keep tabs on the coverage. The official said the White House was preparing for "war."
"We are all mad," the official said, and Trump and his team are "angry this is happening."
The president made that it clear on Tuesday, accusing Pelosi in an extraordinary, rambling six-page letter of orchestrating "an illegal, partisan attempted coup."
"You are the ones subverting America's Democracy. You are the ones Obstructing Justice. You are the ones bringing pain and suffering to our Republic for your own selfish personal, political, and partisan gain," Trump wrote. "You view democracy as your enemy!"
How Has Trump Responded
Trump kept out of sight in a nearly empty White House as impeachment proceedings played out at the US Capitol.
The president's suspension from Twitter meant his usual preferred means of communication was unavailable.
He was finally heard in a subdued video hours after the vote, condemning the Capitol insurrection and warning his supporters from engaging in any further violence.
Trump said nothing about his impeachment in the video, although he did complain about the ban on his social media accounts.
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Trump Impeached By The House For Abuse Of Power Obstruction Of Congress
President Donald J. Trump was impeached on Wednesday.
For the third time in the nation's history, the House of Representatives voted to impeach a sitting president, acting after a daylong debate on whether Trump violated his oath in pressuring Ukraine to damage a political opponent.
Trump was impeached on two articles. The first vote, 230-197, accused him of abuse of power and was almost entirely on party lines it was followed quickly by a second, 229-198, vote accusing the president of obstructing Congress. The one-vote difference was that of Democrat Jared Golden of Maine, who voted yes on abuse of power and no on obstruction.
No Republicans voted against Trump. Two Democrats, Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey, who is expected to switch parties soon, and Collin Peterson of Minnesota, voted with Republicans against both articles. One Democrat, Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii, who is running for president, voted "present" on both articles.
The trial in the Republican-controlled Senate on whether to remove the president from office will likely begin in early January. It is likely that Trump will be acquitted, because a two-thirds majority is required for conviction.
Other Presidents Threatened With Impeachment
A significant number of U.S. presidents have faced calls for impeachment, including five of the past six Republican presidents. But few of those accusations were taken seriously by Congress.
There were even rumblings about impeaching the nation's first president, George Washington, by those who opposed his policies. Those calls, however, did not reach the point of becoming formal resolutions or charges.
John Tyler was the first president to face impeachment charges. Nicknamed His Accidency for assuming the presidency after William Henry Harrison died after just 30 days in office, Tyler was wildly unpopular with his own Whig party. A House representative from Virginia submitted a petition for Tylers impeachment, but it was never taken up by the House for a vote.
Between 1932 and 1933, a congressman introduced two impeachment resolutions against Herbert Hoover. Both were eventually tabled by large margins.
More recently, both Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush were the subject of impeachment resolutions submitted by Henry B. Gonzales, a Democratic representative from Texas, but none of the resolutions were taken up for a vote in the House Judiciary Committee.
Also Check: Did Donald Trump Graduate From College
President Donald Trump: First Impeachment
In February 2020, President Donald Trump was impeached on two charges: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. This stemmed from a phone call he had with the recently elected President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, in July of 2019, in which Trump made a request for the president to investigate the energy company, Burisma, which Joe Bidens son worked for. In exchange for this, the US leader would agree to a highly prized face-to-face meeting between the two presidents.
There was a lot of debate over this and the House Intelligence Committee Democrats released a 300-page report outlining their impeachment inquiry that several weeks. There were numerous dramatic public hearings and additional documents requested from the White House, it was an indictment of Trumps pressure on the Ukraine and, they say, his threat to the US system of government.
Trump was acquitted in the Senate along near party lines in a bitterly partisan process. The Senate voted 52-48 to acquit Trump on abuse of power and 53-47 to acquit him on obstruction of Congress, with Mitt Romney the sole Republican to vote to convict.
Where Do The Republicans Stand
Trump impeachment explained – BBC News
Liz Cheney, a member of the Republican Party leadership team, was among Republicans who voted for impeachment.
"The president of the United States summoned this mob, assembled the mob, and lit the flame of this attack," Cheney said in a statement released Tuesday.
"There has never been a greater betrayal by a president of the United States of his office and his oath to the Constitution … I will vote to impeach the president," the statement continued.
Reed Galen, co-founder of the Lincoln Project, a Republican group that opposed Trump's reelection, told DW that so few Republican lawmakers supporting impeachment indicates Trump maintains a stronghold on the party.
"Although I am happy that six Republicans did stand up, I think it is indicative of the fact that so many Republicans do not want to cross Donald Trump, even as he is on his way out the door," Galen said. "I don't think it portends well for the party," he added.
Yesterday, Kentucky Republican McConnell reportedly said he was pleased with the Democrats moving to impeach Trump, and that he believes Trump had committed impeachable acts, the New York Times reported citing a Republican strategist, who added the Senate majority leader's distancing from the president could make it easier for the Republican party to cut ties with Trump once he leaves office.
Other Republicans made speeches to urge the House not to impeach Trump in the interest of "national healing."
Don't Miss: John Lambert Students For Trump
Second Impeachment Of Donald Trump
The House of Representatives votes to adopt the article of impeachment
Acquitted by the U.S. Senate
Accusations of inciting the 2021 United States Capitol attack
Congressional votes
Voting in the U.S. Senate
Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, was impeached for the second time on January 13, 2021, one week before his term expired. It was the fourth impeachment of a U.S. president, and the second for Trump after his first impeachment in December 2019. Ten Republican representatives voted for the second impeachment, the most pro-impeachment votes ever from a president's party. This was also the first presidential impeachment in which all majority caucus members voted unanimously for impeachment.
What Is The Security Situation At The Capitol
Washington DC has been on high alert since the unrest in the Capitol Building on January 6.
The home-sharing platform Airbnb said Wednesday that it would be canceling all reservations in the Washington DC metro area during inauguration week and would stop any new bookings.
As lawmakers debated impeachment Wednesday, hundreds of armed national guard soldiers were stationed in the Capitol Building, with many camped out in the Rotunda, a large, domed room at the center of the Capitol.
High fences were erected around the Capitol grounds, where the armed National Guard patrolled the perimeter.
In a statement released during Wednesday's debate, President Trump called for "no violence, no lawbreaking, and no vandalism."
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House Votes To Impeach Trump
The Democratic-led House of Representatives charged President Trump with abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.
By Nicholas Fandos and Michael D. Shear
WASHINGTON The House of Representatives on Wednesday impeached President Trump for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, making him the third president in history to be charged with committing high crimes and misdemeanors and face removal by the Senate.
On a day of constitutional consequence and raging partisan tension, the votes on the two articles of impeachment fell largely along party lines, after a bitter debate that stretched into the evening and reflected the deep polarization gripping American politics in the Trump era.
Only two Democrats opposed the article on abuse of power, which accused Mr. Trump of corruptly using the levers of government to solicit election assistance from Ukraine in the form of investigations to discredit his Democratic political rivals. Republicans were united in opposition. It passed 230 to 197, with Speaker Nancy Pelosi gaveling the vote to a close from the House rostrum.
On the second charge, obstruction of Congress, a third Democrat joined Republicans in opposition. The vote was 229 to 198.
On Wednesday, Democrats characterized his impeachment as an urgent action to stop a corrupt president whose misdeeds had unfolded in plain view from damaging the United States any further.
Impeachment Is An 'act Of Political Vengeance' Trump Lawyer Says
"At no point was the president informed the vice president was in any danger," Michael van der Veen argued, adding that there is "nothing at all in record on this point." Van der Veen also accused the House impeachment managers of failing to do their due diligence on this issue.
"What the president did know is that there was a violent riot happening at the Capitol," van der Veen said. "That's why he repeatedly called via tweet and via video for the riots to stop, to be peaceful, to respect Capitol police and law enforcement and to commit no violence and go home."
But van der Veen's argument left senators with additional questions.
Sen. Bill Cassidy, R-La., who says he is undecided on whether he'll vote to convict Trump, asked for more details regarding Tuberville's account of the call with Trump and his tweet railing against Pence.
"Does this show that President Trump was tolerant of the intimidation of Vice President Pence?" Cassidy asked.
But again, van der Veen disputed the sequence of events, calling discussion of Tuberville's call "hearsay."
"I have a problem with the facts in the question because I have no idea," van der Veen responded.
Cassidy told reporters later that he didn't think his question got a good answer.
Capitol Police Officer Eugene Goodman, hailed by many for his heroism during the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol, participates in a the dress rehearsal for Inauguration Day.hide caption
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"History will wait for our decision."
Don't Miss: Was Melania Trump A Prostitute
Pelosi Delivers Remarks On Impeachment: Trump Presents A 'clear And Present Danger'
Many House Republicans argued during the debate that Trump was not afforded due process and that the impeachment process was rushed. Some said impeaching Trump for a second time would only further divide the country, while others maintained that his actions on Jan. 6 did not meet the legal standard for incitement.
"I believe impeaching the president in such a short time frame would be a mistake, Kevin McCarthy of California, the top House Republican, said during the debate.
"No investigations have been completed. No hearings have been held, he added. A vote to impeach will further fan the flames of partisan division. But McCarthy said Trump needed to accept his share of responsibility for the riot, and he said a congressional censure would be in order.
Other Republicans cried hypocrisy, criticizing Democrats for their support for the Black Lives Matter protests that swept the country last summer.
"For months, our cities burned, police stations burned, our businesses were shattered, and they said nothing," said Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., one of the most enthusiastic supporters of Trump in Congress. Some have cited the metaphor that the president lit the flame. Well, they lit actual flames."
It is unclear what will happen in the Senate once the trial begins. Although Trump is likely to have already left office by then, a vote to convict him could still bar him from holding federal office again.
Did Trump Close The Borders

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"Still in shock": Himanshi Khurana aka Punjab's Aishwarya Rai, Shehnaaz Gill…
Home Delhi PIL in Delhi HC for ban on cow slaughter, beef sale
PIL in Delhi HC for ban on cow slaughter, beef sale
Janta Ka Reporter
A petition was filed in the Delhi High Court on Thursday to direct the city government, headed by Arvind Kejriwal, to enact a law prohibiting cow slaughter and sale of beef and its products across the National Capital Region.
The plea would come for hearing on Friday before a division bench of Chief Justice G. Rohini and Justice Jayant Nath.
The public interest litigation was filed by Swami Satyananda Chakradhari, who claims to be a monk.
"Direct the respondents (Delhi government, Lt. Governor and Delhi Police) to consider enacting a law prohibiting slaughter of cows, their import/export and sale of beef and its products across Delhi and NCR," said the plea.
The petition also sought directions to Delhi government to enact a law similar to the 1932 Ranbir Penal Code, applicable in Jammu and Kashmir, which states that "slaughter of cows and like animals" was punishable with up to 10 years of imprisonment as well as a financial penalty.
"The state government should set up a Gokul Gram on the government-proposed land and the Gokul Gram will be used to rehabilitate old cows, bulls and bullocks. The Gokul Gram should be set up with central government aid," it added.
Maharashtra state government recently banned the possession and sale of beef and violators in the state can be punished by up to five years in prison, it further stated.
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"Will sweep polls": Arnab Goswami allegedly knew about Balakot air strikes...
दिल्ली: कोरोना वैक्सीन लगने के बाद 51 लोगों को हुई परेशानी, एक की हालत गंभीर


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The West Brom striker was cleared of a charge of alleged racial abuse toward the Brighton player.
West Brom forward Jay Rodriguez criticised Gaetan Bong for choosing "to publicly condemn" him after a charge he racially abused the Brighton defender was found to be not proven by the Football Association.
The 28-year-old was accused of making an alleged remark to Cameroon international Bong during the Baggies' 2-0 victory over the Seagulls on January 13.
The FA announced on Friday that an Independent Regulatory Commission "determined that on the balance of probabilities the allegation was not proven" against Rodriguez.
In an impassioned statement on his official Twitter account, Rodriguez repeated his claim of innocence and expressed his disappointment at Bong.
He wrote: "It has been a difficult and strained period for me and my family because this allegation brought a serious and damaging slur on my character.
"It has been equally difficult to remain silent throughout the FA process, but I do wish to express firstly my relief that I have been exonerated and second my support for the fight against racism in whatever form it is expressed.
"I have maintained my innocence from the moment Gaetan Bong made the allegation. I bear him no ill will, but I was disappointed that he chose to publicly condemn me on the platforms of open media before the evidence had been presented to an independent tribunal.
"Now that I have been cleared, I would like to emphasise so there can be no doubt that I did not utter the words of which I was accused. I did not use any language that alluded to race and I can only repeat my view that Gaetan misheard our exchange during the game.
"I am grateful for all the colleagues and former managers and coaches who spoke up for me at the hearing. I would also like to thank West Bromwich Albion, my team-mates, the staff and the fans for the fantastic support they have offered me during this unpleasant process.
Rodriguez drew a line under the incident on Sunday, capping a fine display with the goal that secured rock-bottom West Brom a shock 1-0 win at Manchester United – and Manchester City the Premier League title.
He added on BBC WM: "It's amazing.


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Walker's Division (NA/EU)
Thread: Walker's Division (NA/EU)
Lord Drax
Walker's Division
Walker was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 8th Texas Cavalry in August 1861, where he served in the Department of North Carolina. In September 1861, he was promoted to colonel. In January 1862, he was promoted to brigadier general and served in the Peninsula Campaign in the division of Brig. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes, where he was wounded at Malvern Hill. His division occupied Loudoun Heights, overlooking Harpers Ferry, West Virginia before its garrison surrendered to Stonewall Jackson on September 15, 1862. He later joined the move to Sharpsburg and his division was notable in their defense of "bloody lane," just south of Dunker Church.
Major-General John George Walker was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He served as a brigadier general under Stonewall Jackson and James Longstreet, before commanding the Texas Division unit in the Trans-Mississippi Department, known as Walker's Greyhounds for their speed and agility. He was ordered to disrupt U.S. Grant's supply-line opposite Vicksburg, Mississippi, but Grant had managed to cross to the East Bank, and Walker was reduced to minor operations, one of them against some of the first African-American troops to serve in battle. He was able to make a bigger contribution to the Red River Campaign in support of General Richard Taylor.
Division Commander: Major General Drax
4th Texas Infantry |
Hampton's Legion |
3rd Arkansas Infantry
1st North Carolina Sharpshooters B|
6th Georgia Infantry
Brockenborough's Artillery
[Mag]
In-Game Organization:
Walker's Division is a collection of CSA regiments that have organized together to play in game. The following regiments may be utilized as points-of-contact:
Division Aide de Camp: Lieutenant Colonel Mjtheko
Division Adjutant: Captain George
4th Texas Infantry Regiment: Col. Mystic
Hampton's Legion: Cpt. Orion
3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment: Maj. Wilson
1st North Carolina Sharpshooters B: Cpt. Rex
Brockenborough's Artillery A (Maryland): Captain George
6th Georgia Infantry Regiment: Captain Goondawg
Saturday 8pm EDT (NA TZ Event hosted by Blues and Grey's)
Sunday 3pm EDT / 8pm GMT (EU TZ Event hosted by WD)
Sunday 8pm EDT (NA TZ Event hosted by WD)
Last edited by Lord Drax; 01-10-2021 at 07:27 PM.
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Dutchconfederate
Den Haag / The Hague
Good luck guys
1st Maryland is pretty cool, ya know?
Best of luck fella's!
Ben H. Phillips
Good Luck Lads
Updated for 15th Georgia Infantry joining I Corps. Welcome gentlemen!
Charles Caldwell
Across the Pond!
Good luck boys!
Mogyoro15
CSA Major General
Kingdom of Belgium
With both wings present, I'm sure the CSA will be very successful in the Maryland Campaign
I write for my personal account and from personal experience, unless stated otherwise.


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Eosinophilic Lung Diseases
Eosinophilic diseases of the lung include a heterogeneous group of pulmonary disorders that characteristically feature peripheral or tissue eosinophilia. Patients with these illnesses have a variable clinical presentation and may be asymptomatic or may exhibit organ dysfunction or clinical symptoms of severe respiratory illness. Histologically, eosinophilic lung diseases demonstrate infiltration of eosinophils in the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar spaces with preservation of the lung architecture. As a result, these illnesses respond dramatically to corticosteroid treatment and typically heal without significant lung parenchymal damage.
The diseases are classified as idiopathic or secondary to a known primary disease process or well-defined cause. Established causes of eosinophilic lung disease include primary airways diseases, such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (see Chapter 57 ), drug reaction (see Chapter 65 ), and toxin exposure and parasitic infections (see Chapter 14 ). The idiopathic eosinophilic diseases of the lung are simple pulmonary eosinophilia (Löffler syndrome), acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, and the systemic conditions such as hypereosinophilic syndrome and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churg-Strauss, which is discussed in Chapter 46 ).
The diagnosis of eosinophilic lung disease can be made in the presence of one of the following criteria: (1) peripheral eosinophilia (>1000/mm 3 ) in conjunction with pulmonary parenchymal opacities on chest radiography, (2) tissue eosinophilia on surgical or transbronchial lung biopsy, or (3) eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (differential cell count > 25).
Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia
Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology
Simple pulmonary eosinophilia (SPE) was originally identified and described in 1932 by Löffler. Patients with SPE typically have fleeting pulmonary opacities on chest radiography in the presence of blood eosinophilia. Approximately one-third of cases of SPE are idiopathic. The majority of cases occur secondary to drug toxicity or parasitic infection. The incidence of SPE in oncologic patients undergoing follow-up CT imaging has been reported to be 0.95%. These individuals typically lack respiratory symptoms and have subsolid nodules on chest CT.
Individuals may be asymptomatic or may experience minimal respiratory symptoms, fever, or malaise. Symptoms and radiologic findings are self-limited and resolve spontaneously within 30 days with or without treatment.
Data is limited on the pathophysiology of this disease entity, but there is an association with alveolar infiltration with eosinophils and giant cells.
Manifestations of the Disease
The characteristic radiographic findings are nonsegmental opacities, which are frequently ill-defined and peripheral in distribution. The opacities may be unilateral or bilateral and are characteristically transient or migratory ( Fig. 37.1 ).
Fig. 37.1
Simple pulmonary eosinophilia. (A) Chest radiograph shows peripheral predominant consolidations. (B) Chest radiograph obtained 9 days later shows new peripheral opacities with improvement or resolution of previously seen opacities. (C) Axial CT image from the same patient demonstrates bilateral ground-glass opacities, small nodules, and confluent opacities.
Ground-glass opacities and consolidation, the most common CT findings, either showed a random distribution or upper and middle lung zone predominance ( Fig. 37.2 ; see Fig. 37.1 ). Pulmonary parenchymal nodules were reported to be present in 42% of cases. The CT features and distribution of opacities present in SPE and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia are similar; the important distinguishing feature is that the imaging findings in SPE will spontaneously fluctuate over a period of days as opposed to chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), where the consolidations and ground-glass opacities will persist for weeks to months and be accompanied by more significant respiratory symptoms. In individuals with SPE found at oncologic surveillance or routine screening, pulmonary nodules (either solitary or multiple) with a ground-glass halo are the most common CT finding.
Simple pulmonary eosinophilia. Sagittal CT image shows nodular subpleural consolidation in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe with adjacent ground-glass opacity in this man with peripheral eosinophilia. The consolidation nearly resolved at follow-up CT imaging 4 weeks later.
The presence of consolidation on chest radiography can be seen in the setting of pneumonia, alveolar pulmonary edema, or diffuse alveolar damage. The absence of or minimal pulmonary symptoms associated with SPE, along with peripheral blood eosinophilia, strongly suggests the diagnosis. It is important to exclude known associations with pulmonary eosinophilia, the most common of which are parasitic infection and drug toxicity.
Synopsis of Treatment Options
No treatment is required because SPE is asymptomatic and self-limited.
Key Points: Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia
Approximately one-third of cases are idiopathic; infectious etiologies and drug toxicity are more common and should be excluded.
Clinical course is mild and self-limited, with symptoms resolving spontaneously within a month.
Radiography shows nonsegmental, peripheral opacities that are transient and/or migratory.
Subsolid nodules, ground-glass opacities, and consolidation may be seen on CT.
Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (ICEP) is a respiratory illness characterized by alveolar eosinophilia, typically greater than 25% at BAL and/or blood eosinophilia of at least 6%. Although blood eosinophilia is present in most patients, up to 12% of patients with ICEP do not have peripheral eosinophilia. The disease is more common among women and tends to occur around the fifth decade. There is an association of ICEP with asthma, which has been reported to occur in up to 53% of patients with ICEP. Unlike in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), extrathoracic symptoms and organ dysfunction are not present in ICEP.
Systemic symptoms associated with ICEP, such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats in addition to dyspnea and cough, are typically present for 1 month on average before clinical presentation. The mean time to diagnosis is 7.7 months, reflecting the confounding factors that make the diagnosis of ICEP challenging. Other features seen in a minority of patients include anorexia, chills, and hemoptysis.
At histology there is an alveolar infiltration of eosinophils and to a lesser extent macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, and in approximately half of patients, there will be foci of interstitial fibrosis. In more rare cases, eosinophilic microabscesses and regions of intraalveolar necrosis will also be present.
The characteristic radiographic finding in ICEP is peripheral airspace opacities. In their 1969 article that first described the disease, Carrington and colleagues identified the unique presence of three features in ICEP: progressive peripheral dense consolidations, prompt resolution with corticosteroid treatment, and recurrence in the same unique locations upon relapse. The dense peripheral consolidation in ICEP has been described as the "photographic negative" of pulmonary edema. There is typically no lobar or segmental distribution to the opacities, which can be unilateral or bilateral and show ill-defined margins. An apical or axillary location is common ( Fig. 37.3 ), and opacities may be mistaken for loculated pleural fluid.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. (A) Chest radiograph in a woman with a 7-month history of cough shows bilateral upper lobe opacities, greater on the left. (B) Coronal CT image reveals ground-glass opacity in the apical left upper lobe with surrounding peripheral consolidation. The patient had a bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia of 71% at bronchoscopy.
Subpleural and upper lung zone–predominant consolidation and areas of ground-glass opacity are present in the vast majority of patients ( Figs. 37.4 and 37.5 ). In some patients mediastinal lymphadenopathy will be evident on CT ( Fig. 37.6 ). Unlike in acute eosinophilic pneumonia, pleural effusions are rare. Less common CT findings include nodules, bronchiectasis, and interlobular septal thickening. In patients who have had at least 2 months of symptoms at the time of CT imaging, band-like opacities and lobar atelectasis can be seen.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Coronal CT image shows patchy bilateral consolidation and ground-glass opacities without craniocaudad zonal predominance.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Axial CT image demonstrates lower lobe consolidations, an atypical distribution for chronic eosinophilic pneumonia as the disease is generally upper lung zone predominant.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. (A) Axial CT image with soft tissue window shows right hilar and subcarinal lymphadenopathy in this man with a history of asthma and recurrent sinusitis who presented with 3 months of productive cough and a 10-lb weight loss. (B) Axial CT image shows bilateral peripheral ground-glass and confluent opacities. The patient's bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia was 65%.
The primary differential consideration in patients who have ICEP is an infectious pneumonia, given the airspace opacities and febrile respiratory illness that characterize the disease. Other diagnoses that may be considered include organizing pneumonia, drug toxicity, and sarcoidosis. The upper lobe–predominant opacities, constitutional symptoms, and rare hemoptysis may raise concern for tuberculosis. SPE may appear identical to ICEP on imaging; however, patients with SPE will have transient opacities that fluctuate over a period of days, a relative paucity of constitutional symptoms, and spontaneous resolution. The presence of blood and alveolar eosinophilia, dramatic clinical and radiographic response to steroids, and peripheral airspace opacities favor the diagnosis of ICEP.
ICEP is extremely steroid sensitive, and opacities seen on imaging improve or resolve rapidly on initiation of corticosteroid therapy. After discontinuation or tapering of steroid therapy, there is a tendency for symptoms to recur and opacities to reappear, often in the same location and configuration as seen initially.
Key Points: Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia features filling of the alveoli with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, primarily of eosinophils.
Peripheral eosinophilia is typically present, but absence of elevated blood eosinophils does not exclude the diagnosis.
Systemic symptoms include fever, nonproductive cough, weight loss, and dyspnea. In contrast to acute eosinophilic pneumonia, hypoxemic respiratory failure is uncommon.
As many as 50% of patients have a history of asthma or atopy.
The characteristic pattern is peripheral opacities favoring the upper lobes: "photographic negative" of pulmonary edema.
Response to corticosteroids is rapid, although recurrence is frequent with steroid withdrawal.
Airway and Parenchymal Anomalies
Metabolic and Storage Lung Diseases
Pulmonary Lymphoid Hyperplasia and Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia)
Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia, Pulmonary Tumorlets, and Carcinoid Tumors
Bronchiectasis and Other Bronchial Abnormalities
Tags: Muller's Imaging of the Chest
Jul 21, 2019 | Posted by drzezo in GENERAL RADIOLOGY | Comments Off on Eosinophilic Lung Diseases


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School Leaders & Educators
Bart Patterson | President
Bart Patterson was appointed as the seventh president of Nevada State College (NSC), Nevada's fastest growing college, in April 2012 after serving as interim president for six months. Bart has established the top priorities of NSC to continue building quality, affordable academic programs to boost the economy of southern Nevada, increase student success, and identify public-private partnerships to creatively build out NSC's 509 acre site in the foothills of Henderson. These goals will be achieved through a deserving student population and the dedication of NSC's talented faculty and staff, who are accomplished scholars, teachers and mentors.
Nationally, Bart serves on the Council of Representatives and the Grant Resource Center of the Association of State Colleges and Universities, as well as being a frequent speaker and panelist on higher education issues. Locally, Bart serves as a board member of various community organizations including the Henderson Chamber of Commerce, Dress for Success Southern Nevada, Workforce Connections and the Board of Trustees of the Las Vegas Global Economic Alliance. As a community representative, Bart was awarded the Las Vegas Latin Chamber of Commerce Chairman's Award of Excellence for Community Leadership & Higher Education.
Before being selected President, Bart previously served as the Nevada System of Higher Education's (NSHE) Chief Counsel commencing in August 2006 and then as the Vice Chancellor of Administrative & Legal Affairs in September 2009. He also served the NSHE as the first general counsel for the Community College of Southern Nevada and NSC. Patterson is an adjunct instructor in public policy at NSC. Prior to joining NSHE, Patterson was in the private practice of law.
Patterson earned a bachelor's degree (magna cum laude) in political science from Utah State University in 1984, and a juris doctor (with honors) from Duke University School of Law in 1987. He is an avid hiker and is especially proud of his three children – Amanda, Laura and Kendal – all of whom graduated or are attending college in Nevada.
Theo Small | Vice President
Theo is in his 26th year as an educator serving as a special education paraprofessional, classroom teacher, English Language Learner Specialist, and Elementary Science Trainer.
Currently, Theo is the Vice President of Clark County Education Association (CCEA), the Union of Teaching Professionals, representing 18,000 licensed & teaching professionals in Las Vegas, Nevada. He is most proud of the work of coordinating organizations to collectively address the issues which impact the school system in Clark County School District (CCSD). This collective impact system approach has influenced how CCSD attracts, hires, and supports its teachers & licensed professionals. CCEA recently worked closely in a bi-partisan process to change the delivery system of CCSD to increase decision making at the sight level, where schools control up to 85% of their own budgets.
Theo's collaborative leadership is to look at multiple perspectives, but ultimately believes that decisions from curriculum, instruction and policy should be clearly be led by the professionals doing the work in coordination with parents & community.
He lives in the LV Downtown Area and has actively worked with City of Las Vegas & community leaders to improve the schools and neighborhoods which have the highest need such as absenteeism, truancy, poverty, English Language Learners. Part of this work is to advocate for Nevada's funding system to become more equitable to address the needs of our most vulnerable students & families.
Theo sits as a member of the NEA's NBI-C Task Force looking at the teaching continuum. He also sits on Nevada's Teacher and Leader Council, which is the governor-appointed body responsible for the creation of the state's evaluation system. He was also a member of InTASC Model Core Teaching Standard Update/Learning Progressions Drafting Committees and Model Code of Educator Ethics Task Force.
Melissa Blynn | Secretary
Melissa Blynn is the Executive Director of Create a Change Now. With her background being in nutrition and physical fitness, she knows the importance of choosing a healthy lifestyle and implementing a balance between fitness, nutrition, and stress relief behaviors. Over the years prior to her work in philanthropy she dedicated her time to coaching children and teenagers on nutrition and physical fitness. It was during those years she saw the NEED for more education in prevention on health and inspiring children and families to be more proactive around nutrition. At that point she felt her life mission and passion was to help on a larger scale. It was in volunteering for other non-profits in the health sector she developed a natural leadership role in implementing health programs to the CCSD here in Nevada. With her knowledge, leadership and passion she leads Create a Change Now to being a positive impact on the health of the next generation in Las Vegas Nevada. She quotes, " I am living my passion and helping so many children live a healthier life!"
Adam Ganz | Treasurer
Adam has lived in Nevada his entire life. He graduated from Bonanza High School ('89) before receiving his undergraduate degree in Political Science from the California State Polytechnic University at Pomona ('93). He graduated from the University of San Diego School of Law in 1998, where he received the American Jurisprudence Award in a class focusing on the United States Supreme Court.
Adam has always sought to be a voice in the courtroom for the little guy, so after law school he took a position in a Litigation firm, and has been involved in the successful resolution of thousands of personal injury settlements totaling in excess of one hundred million dollars. He has also participated in obtaining jury verdicts in excess of fifty million dollars. He, along with his law partner of many years, has been Certified as a Personal Injury Specialist by the State Bar of Nevada. This certification has only been given to 17 lawyers in the entire state of Nevada.
For his entire nearly 20 year-career, he has represented injured individuals and in pursuit of his passion for making his community – OUR COMMUNITY, safer.
Adam is licensed to practice in Nevada, New Mexico (Inactive), Arizona, the U.S. District Court of Nevada and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. He has argued cases in front of the Nevada Supreme Court and the Arizona Court of Appeals.
He and his wife Prudence have been married since 1998. They love to hang at a ballpark here in our community or San Diego, CA, with their twins, Adam, Jr. and Sydney, and four dogs. Adam is also passionate about Baseball. He was the President and/or Board Member of the Summerlin South Little League from 2007 – 2013.
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Coronavirus pandemic linked to destruction of wildlife and world's ecosystems
in Today's News
After the novel coronavirus broke out in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, it didn't take long for conspiracy theorists to claim it was manufactured in a nearby lab.
Scientific consensus, on the other hand, is that the virus — SARS-CoV-2 — that jumped from animal to human. It most likely , possibly before passing through another mammal.
While the virus was certainly not engineered in a laboratory, this doesn't mean we haven't played a role in the current pandemic. Human impingement on natural habitats, biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation are making virus spillover events much more likely, a from scientists in Australia and the US has found.
The number of emerging infectious disease outbreaks has more than tripled . More than two thirds of these diseases originate in animals, and about . Many of the infectious diseases we're familiar with — Ebola, HIV, swine and avian flu — are zoonotic.
Aided by a hyper-connected global population, SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes, COVID-19, has also demonstrated how quickly modern outbreaks can become pandemics.
While the speed at which COVID-19 has spread across the world has shocked many, scientists have long been of such a .
By disrupting ecosystems, we have created the conditions that allow animal viruses to cross over into human populations, says Joachim Spangenberg, ecologist and vice-president of the Sustainable Europe Research Institute.
"We are creating this situation, not the animals," Spangenberg told DW.
Deforestation, habitat encroachment
As people move further into the territories of wild animals to clear forests, raise livestock, hunt and extract resources, we are increasingly exposed to the pathogens that normally never leave these places and the bodies they inhabit.
"We're getting closer and closer to wild animals," says Yan Xiang, professor of virology at the University of Texas Health Science Center, "and that brings us into contact with these viruses."
"As you increase human population density and increase encroachment onto natural habitats, not just by people but by our domesticated animals, you're increasing the rolls on the die," David Hayman, professor of infectious disease ecology at Massey University in New Zealand, told DW.
But, as well as increasing the likelihood of transfer, ecosystem disruption also has an impact on how many viruses exist in the wild and how they behave.
In the last century, tropical forests, home to around two thirds of the world's living organisms, . This profound loss of habitat has ripple effects throughout the entire ecosystem, including on the "parts we tend to forget — infections," says Hayman.
In some cases, scientists have observed that when animals at the top of the food chain disappear, the animals at the bottom of the food chain, like rats and mice that carry more pathogens, tend to fill that space.
"It's not just about how many species we have in an ecosystem," says Alice Latinne at the Wildlife Conservation Society, "it's about which species."
"Each species plays a different role in the ecosystem and sometimes, if you just replace one species with another, this can have a huge impact in terms of disease risk. And sometimes we can't predict it," she told DW.
Habitat changes can also force animals — and their pathogens — to go elsewhere, including areas populated by people.
Latinne draws on the example of the emergence of Nipah virus in Malaysia in the late 1990s, where deforestation drove fruit bats from their forest habitat to mango trees on pig farms. Bats often carry pathogens that don't bother them, but in this case when the pigs came into contact with bat droppings and saliva, they became infected. The pigs then went on to infect farmers.
Evidence linking disruption of ecosystems to increased risk of novel infection transfer is why, Spangenberg says, experts talk about the importance of the "One Health" concept; the idea that the health of animals, the ecosystem and humans are all interlinked, and when one is out of balance, others follow suit.
So-called "wet markets" selling produce, meat and live animals provide another incubator for the emergence of infectious disease. Scientists there's a strong possibility SARS-CoV-2 emerged at a wet market in Wuhan, China.
Cramming stressed, sick animals into cages together is, in many ways, the "perfect setting" to incubate new pathogens, Spangenberg says, and "an excellent way to transfer diseases from one species to another." For that reason, many scientists, including Spangenberg, say the world needs, at the very least, to introduce strict regulations for live animal markets.
That's the message from Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, the United Nations' biodiversity chief, who has called for a global ban on wildlife markets.
But as Mrema also pointed out, millions of people — particularly in low-income communities — rely on the food and income sources these markets provide.
That's part of what makes solutions to preventing disease outbreak complex, according to Hayman. Animal exploitation is one part of it, he says. But "poverty, access to jobs, how people are treated in remote areas, the way people engage with food" also contribute to conditions that lead to spillovers.
Even just on an economic level, Latinne believes, "we will be forced to change — because the cost of disease emergence and spillover from wildlife will be much higher than the economic benefit of our exploitation of the environment."
"We are part of nature — we're part of the ecosystem where our health is linked to the health of wildlife, the health of livestock and the health of the environment," Latinne says. "We have to find a better way to live together safely."
Command team overseeing domestic defense move into an underground bunker in Colorado
YouTube star Vitaly Zdorovetskiy arrested for attacking female jogger
Buffalo Cop Loses Job And Pension After She Intervenes With Fellow Officer Choking A Suspect
Donald Trump Says Minneapolis 'Thugs' Should Be Shot
President Trump Promises Justice For George Floyd
Rats are becoming unusually aggressive and have begun eating each other in America!
Man Shot Roommate In The Face During 'Combat Simulation,' Prosecutors Say
Shooting At Southwest Atlanta Home Sends Two To Hospital


After the disappointing Dreamland, I was not excited for another season of Archer: Not Actually Archer. The showrunners have decided that since the character is in a coma, they can just make seasons in crazy locales and time periods for the hell of it. So far, all of their "themed" seasons have been bad. Well, until now.
On a remote Polynesian island in the Pacific, Archer runs Archer airways with his partner, a slimmed down but also beefed up Pam. But this is no ordinary island, it has cannibals, komodo dragons, quicksand, and most importantly, a hidden native treasure. That the Nazi's want really badly.
At only 8 episodes, Danger Island is tight. Which is good compared to the bloated feeling Dreamland. But in their insistence on using every character from the original cast, the show still feels like there are too many cooks on screen at once. The odd man out this time is clearly Cheryl, who seems to just be crazy for crazy's sake more and more. The best change by far was making Krieger into a talking parrot. Now that provided many, many laughs for me. Plus, there are way more quotable lines. The show has returned to a middling-level season. Long time fans will be appeased but I don't see any new fans jumping on board. And, sadly, they've decided to keep the themed seasons going for next season as well, but this time, in spaaaaaace.
When are shows going to understand that I don't really care what happens to these characters if it isn't actually happening to them? Archer's growth of maturity in the main seasons made this funny comedy way more heartfelt. A show with something to say. Let's get back to that.


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Home GeneCology Research Centre Research Publications Mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals potential origins of the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei infesting two iconic Australian marsupials
PDF - Published Version (Open Access) 1 MB Adobe Acrobat PDF Download
PDF - Published Version (Open Access)
Mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals potential origins of the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei infesting two iconic Australian marsupials
Fraser, Tamieka A | Shao, R | Fountain-Jones, Nicholas M | Charleston, Michael | Martin, Alynn | Whiteley, Pam | Holme, Roz | Carver, Scott | Polkinghorne, A
Background: Debilitating skin infestations caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, have a profound impact on human and animal health globally. In Australia, this impact is evident across different segments of Australian society, with a growing recognition that it can contribute to rapid declines of native Australian marsupials. Cross-host transmission has been suggested to play a significant role in the epidemiology and origin of mite infestations in different species but a chronic lack of genetic resources has made further inferences difficult. To investigate the origins and molecular epidemiology of S. scabiei in Australian wildlife, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of S. scabiei from diseased wombats (Vombatus ursinus) and koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) spanning New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, and compared them with the recently sequenced mitochondrial genome sequences of S. scabiei from humans. Results: We found unique S. scabiei haplotypes among individual wombat and koala hosts with high sequence similarity (99.1% - 100%). Phylogenetic analysis of near full-length mitochondrial genomes revealed three clades of S. scabiei (one human and two marsupial), with no apparent geographic or host species pattern, suggestive of multiple introductions. The availability of additional mitochondrial gene sequences also enabled a re-evaluation of a range of putative molecular markers of S. scabiei, revealing that cox1 is the most informative gene for molecular epidemiological investigations. Utilising this gene target, we provide additional evidence to support cross-host transmission between different animal hosts. Conclusions: Our results suggest a history of parasite invasion through colonisation of Australia from hosts across the globe and the potential for cross-host transmission being a common feature of the epidemiology of this neglected pathogen. If this is the case, comparable patterns may exist elsewhere in the 'New World'. This work provides a basis for expanded molecular studies into mange epidemiology in humans and animals in Australia and other geographic regions. © 2017 The Author(s).
BMC Evolutionary Biology / Vol. 17, No. 1, Article 233
BioMed Central Ltd.
FoR 0603 (Evolutionary Biology) | FoR 0604 (Genetics) | Sarcoptes scabiei | wombat | koala | mitochondrial genome sequencing | cox1 | phylogeny | conservation
Copyright © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


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Buju Banton (born Mark Anthony Myrie; 15 July 1973) is a Jamaican dancehall, ragga, and reggae musician.
He has collaborated with a variety of international artists including Busta Rhymes, Fat Joe, Trey Songz, Rancid, and Bob Marley's sons Stephen Marley and Damian Marley. Much of his music deals with spirituality and sociopolitical issues as well as love and life itself.
Banton released a number of dancehall singles as early as 1987 but came to prominence in 1992 with two albums, Stamina Daddy and Mr. Mention, which became the best-selling album in Jamaican history upon its release. He signed with major label Mercury Records and released Voice of Jamaica the following year. By the mid-1990s, Banton's music became more influenced by his Rastafarifaith, as heard on the seminal albums Til Shiloh and Inna Heights. In 2009 he was arrested on drug-related charges in the United States and his first trial resulted in a hung jury. His 2010 album Before the Dawn won Best Reggae Album at the 53rd annual Grammy Awards. In February 2011 he was convicted on the same drug charge after a controversial second trial that was tainted by jury misconduct. He waived his right to an appeal and has since been incarcerated. He is scheduled to be released and return home to Jamaica on December 8, 2018.
Buju Banton was born in Kingston, Jamaica in a poor neighborhood known as Salt Lane. Buju is a nickname given to him by his mother as a child. Banton is a Jamaican word that refers to someone who is a respected storyteller, and it was adopted by Myrie in tribute to the deejay Burro Banton, whom Buju admired as a child.[2] Buju emulated Burro's rough vocals and forceful delivery, developing his own distinctive style. Buju's mother was a higgler, or street vendor, while his father worked as a labourer at a tile factory. He was the youngest of fifteen children born into a family that was directly descended from the Maroons of Jamaica.
Banton has homes in Jamaica and Tamarac, Florida (United States).[3][4] He also has 15 children.As a youngster, Buju would often watch his favorite artists perform at outdoor shows and local dancehalls in Denham Town. At the age of 12, he picked up the microphone for himself and began toasting under the moniker of Gargamel, working with the Sweet Love and Rambo Mango sound systems. In 1986, he was introduced to producer Robert Ffrench by fellow deejay Clement Irie, and his first single, "The Ruler" was released not long afterwards in 1987. This led to recording sessions with producers such as Patrick Roberts, Bunny Lee, Winston Riley, and Digital B.
Banton has been criticised for the lyrical content of his song "Boom Bye Bye", which was written when he was 15 years old and released four years later, in 1992. The song has been interpreted as supporting the murder of gay men although others have argued that the song's lyrics should be read as metaphorical, following in a long tradition of exaggerated rhetorical violence in Jamaican dancehall music. In 2009 gay-rights groups appealed to venues around the United States not to host Buju Banton.
In 2007 Banton was allegedly among a number of reggae artists who signed a pledge, called the Reggae Compassionate Act, created by the Stop Murder Music campaign, to refrain from performing homophobic songs or making homophobic statements, but he later denied that he had made any such commitment.


Karthik is a Tamil actor, son of veteran actor R. Muthuraman, and has acted in more than 100 films. He was first introduced by Bharathiraja in the film Alaigal Oivathillai. He has acted in Tamil and Telugu films.


The Sneakerboots are great at keeping your feet warm with a tongue and collar lined in faux shearling. They feature a leather upper with durable light weight rubber sole. Equipped with laces and zip are perfect for everyday wear.


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Vishal Boss' Free Fire ID, stats, country, and more
Vishal Boss' Free Fire ID
Nishant Thakkar
Over the past few years, content creation and streaming related to Garena Free Fire has witnessed a significant rise. One of the reasons behind this is the popularity of the game globally.
Vishal Boss is a renowned Free Fire YouTuber from India. He is known for his electrifying gameplay. He is also a part of the famous BOSS guild. At the time of writing this article, he has a subscriber count of over 148k. This article takes a look at his Free Fire ID and other details.
Also read: TG FozyAjay's Free Fire ID, stats, country, and more
Vishal Boss' Free Fire ID and stats
His Free Fire ID is 71695036.
Vishal Boss has competed in 23,586 squad matches and has secured 5,850 wins, maintaining a win percentage of 24.80%. With 63,184 frags, he has a K/D ratio of 3.56.
In the duo mode, the internet star has played 4,230 games and has registered 606 Booyahs, equating to a win ratio of 14.32%. He has bagged 8,214 kills for a K/D ratio of 2.27.
The Indian YouTuber has also appeared in 3,424 solo matches and has bettered his foes in 265 of them, which gives him a win rate of 7.73%. In the process, he has eliminated 7,841 enemies at a K/D ratio of 2.48.
Also Read: Sudip Sarkar vs OP Vincenzo: Who has better stats in Free Fire?
Ranked stats
Vishal Boss has played 157 squad games in the current ranked season to his name and has 25 first-place finishes, translating to a win ratio of 15.92%. He has accumulated 283 kills, holding a K/D ratio of 2.14.
Apart from this, the content creator has taken part in 31 duo matches and has three wins, equating to a win percentage of 9.67%. He has gathered 78 kills, managing a K/D ratio of 2.79.
Lastly, Vishal Boss has featured in 25 solo games and has emerged victorious in two of them, which corresponds to a win rate of 8%. With a K/D ratio of 3.13, he has gathered 72 kills.
(Note: The stats in this article were recorded at the time of writing. They are subject to change as the content creator continues to play more games in Free Fire.)
His YouTube channel
The oldest video on his YouTube channel dates back to November 2019. Since then, he has uploaded 68 videos and has amassed over 5.9 million views. As mentioned earlier, he has a subscriber count of over 148k.
Click here to visit his YouTube channel.
Read: Ajjubhai (Total Gaming) vs TSG Ritik: Who has better stats in Free Fire?


All Black in Battersea | liv in fashion.
Well, almost all black. I couldn't leave out these mock croc beauties.
Ever had one of those days where you're out and about and are somewhat unsatisfied with the choices made in today's outfit? So you trawl the shops, hoping to find that one item that will make it complete with a swift change? This shirt was that for me.
This isn't too much of a regular occurrence; more when I'm on a weekend away and have become a little, shall we say...unenthused with the teeny-tiny capsule wardrobe I've tried (and failed) to create myself. Or perhaps I'm in need of something more versatile, due to a last minute plan I was foolishly unprepared for. If there's one thing I've learned in fashion (and UK weather) it's that, in the words of Ellie Goulding, anything can happen. Though, this doesn't stop me from continuously making the same mistake. That or it's just an excuse to go shopping...I'm gunna say the latter.
I'd, more than once, come so close to purchasing the paler relative of this on the website, yet somehow managed to reluctantly talk myself out of being in possession of yet another light-coloured shirt. Good job to be honest as, though I call it cream now (because it is), during said purchase-process, I was caught up in the 'is it actually white, though?' predicament - due to H&M likening its actual hue to 'natural white'. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN. Since when did we live in a world where there were different shades of white? Is this really necessary? Isn't white a shade in itself? Somebody please enlighten me. Rants and confusion aside, after viewing the shirt in store, I am now delighted to inform you all that 'natural white' is, in fact, cream. Though, in my opinion, white is white and that's where the line should be drawn.
Surprisingly, I didn't previously have a black shirt in my wardrobe, as they tend to be quite uncommon and the majority of those floating about just weren't fitting the bill. This is one of the easiest 'throw on and go' items I own and it took me right through from Oxford Street shopping, to Sunday evening strolls, and I could have even carried on for cocktails!
If you've seen these boots about and are still riding the contemplation wagon, go ahead and jump off it. If I, the girl who must've tested out almost every pair of painful shoes on the planet, can go a whole day in these babes without complaint, then we must be onto a winner. Comfort aside, the amount of complimentary looks they got when strolling the streets of London was enough reassurance in itself.
I'll admit, I've often been one to go along with the 'fashion is pain' mantra. Some things are just too beautiful to not show off. But if there's any chance to give my little tootsies a rest...you can rest assured that I'll take it!