You can build seating, storage, accent pieces, and more with a little ingenuity and a bag of concrete.
So, you've crafted a few small projects for your place and are eager to join the DIY big leagues and make yourself some serious furniture. Lucky for you, creating custom home furnishings doesn't always require heavy-duty power saws and sophisticated woodworking equipment. In fact, you can build striking, solid pieces using a handful of fairly basic supplies—things like buckets and wheelbarrows—along with a versatile and durable material: concrete.
Yep, tables, benches, and even a beautiful addition to the bathroom can take shape from mixed concrete. As you'll see here, devotees of Quikrete Cement & Concrete certainly create amazing stuff, and their professional-looking results belie how easy and fun the projects can be. So, whether you want some new surfaces for entertaining (indoors or out), need inventive storage solutions, or just feel like fashioning some functional furniture, get clicking for inspiration on how you can kill it with concrete!
This shelf design—a union of sleek slabs and wooden stems—was inspired by city sidewalks and the trees that rise above them to bring a bit of nature to the urban jungle. Once you decide what size shelves will best suit your shoes and your space, build a boxy mold out of laminate or melamine and fill it with Quikrete's Fast-Setting Concrete Mix. The legs can be attached with epoxy after the concrete cures: Cut tapered legs in the wood of your choice—these are red oak—and finish with tung oil for a warm glow.
For an inventive twist on the traditionally smooth concrete surface, this DIYer opted to show off the interesting insides of the material on this shelf support. To expose the raw, textural beauty, vertically cut a slab of Quikrete Concrete Mix (which has a nice mix of aggregate), using a circular saw with a diamond blade. Don't worry about getting a clean edge—the irregularity is part of the piece's rugged charm! Square shelves of warm dark wood add just the right contrast.
A repurposed sewing machine base topped with a rugged concrete basin lends powerful steampunk appeal in a bathroom of any size. The DIYer fashioned a custom-made form for the basin, but you can find ready-made polyurethane rubber sink molds of various shapes and sizes for purchase online. The next step was to prepare and pour high-strength Quikrete Countertop Mix into the mold. Once the concrete cured, it was smoothed and sealed to make the basin water and stain resistant.
Concrete makes a dramatic foil for live edge wood in these circular tabletops. The key to combining these materials successfully? First, protect the naturally porous wood with several coats of polyurethane—this prevents moisture from wet concrete from soaking in. Then, set the two shaped, sanded, and sealed pieces of log in a round mold (think springform pan) with the live edges facing inward. Two metal bars inserted between the wood pieces, as well as a sheet of mesh rebar, hold it all together before Quikrete's Fast-Setting Concrete Mix is poured in the center.
Even without color, cool gray concrete mimics stone, but if you go above and beyond like this DIYer did, you can make it look as polished as a pricey marble accent from a design store. In this elegant table lamp, concrete's gritty edge gets tamed, thanks to a marbleizing paint technique. A plastic spaghetti canister serves as the mold, with a piece of PVC piping centered inside to create space to thread wiring through the lamp base. Pour Crack Resistant Quikrete Concrete into the mold, tapping gently to banish air bubbles. After painting the cured base white, mix a darker shade of acrylic paint with marbleizing medium, and spoon it over the finished product, tilting the base as you apply the second tone to create the subtle yet stunning two-tone swirl.
Getting pumped up has never looked so good, and your at-home weight system has probably never been as sturdy as this one that was assembled with concrete. Here, laminate shelf boards are used to create two molds, one for each side of the bench base. The concrete supports cleverly let the structure double as a 100-pound barbell, thanks to the one-inch iron pipe that connects them. Mix up some Quikrete 5000 and pour it into the molds, using a stick to push the mixture all the way to the bottom of each mold. While the base cures and you count down to your new training plan, create a bench from layers of ¾-inch plywood that has been cut, glued, and sanded. Now get down and give us 20!
Short on space, but not on chic? Mold these tiny nesting tables using Quikrete Countertop Mix and a form fashioned from—yes, really!—Lego bricks. Build the form piece by piece to your desired dimensions, adding small base plates to the bottom for easier removal. Fill the form with Quikrete, level and smooth the top, and once the table has cured, lose the Legos. (They can be washed and reused for future projects or play!) Sound too easy? Check out the video tutorial here.
Your patio is bound to become far more popular with an outdoor bar built from dry-stacked cinder blocks and a concrete countertop. Make sure the first course of your blocks is level and aligned, then build up in a running bond pattern. For a strong, fiberglass-reinforced stucco finish, mix up some Quikwall (throwing in a bit of Liquid Cement Color just for fun), and then apply with a trowel. For the top, make a melamine form, fill it three-quarters of the way with Quikrete Countertop Mix, add metal mesh for reinforcement, and then fill the mold the rest of the way. Knowing how well concrete performs on other exterior surfaces, you can rest assured that it will stand up to all the lively outdoor bashes in your future.
Nothing compares with outdoor seating that's stylish and weather resistant. This easy-build modern bench combines warm wood and cool concrete in a design that will last outdoors for years to come. For the bases, build two forms out of 2x4s and 2x6s, then fill with Quikrete 5000. While the concrete is curing (give it three full days), dig two holes about 10 inches deep, adding ample gravel for stability, then wheel over the bench bases and put them in place. A trio of sanded 4x6s make up a perfect seat. Watch the full how-to here, and maybe even go on to build a matching fire pit.
For more ideas on how to harness the power of concrete as furniture, home accessories, and beyond, check out this year's One Bag Wonder Contest entrants in Quikrete's annual Concrete Coffee Table Book.


text:
Gabriele Galimberti
Bio | Contacts
// The Ameriguns
Half of all the firearms in the world that are owned by private citizens for non-military purposes are in the United States of America. The overall number, indeed, exceeds the Country's population: 400 million weapons for 328 million people. This is not a coincidence, nor is it a market-related issue: it is rather a matter of "tradition" and constitutional guarantee established with the Second Amendment, ratified in 1791. This law reassures the inhabitants of the newly independent territories that their Federal Government would not be able, one day, to abuse its authority over them, and they are guaranteed the right to bear arms.
Two hundred and fifty years later, the Second Amendment is still ingrained in all aspects of American life.
Gabriele Galimberti has travelled to every corner of the United States – from New York City to Honolulu – to meet proud gun owners and photograph them and their weapons.
He has photographed people and guns in their homes and neighbourhoods, even in places where no one would expect to find such arsenals.
These often disturbing portraits, together with the accompanying stories based on interviews, provide an unexpected and uncommon view of what the institution of the Second Amendment really represents today.
Torrell Jasper, a.k.a. Black Rambo (35) – Schiever, Louisiana (in the background, Allen Craff, Tyrone Gathen, James J. Herbert) Every day, nearly six hundred thousand people wait for Torrell Jasper to make his appearance on Instagram and show off one of his guns. To find him, just type in "Black Rambo," a nickname he's extremely proud of, and make sure you don't end up on his son's account by mistake (at 13, he's already trying to make a name for himself on social media). Torrell, now 35, learned to shoot from his father as a child. A former Marine, he spent a few years in war zones, "where pulling the trigger and hitting the target was a question of life or death." Now, back in civilian life and working as an A/C systems installer, Torrell, a.k.a. Black Rambo, mostly just has fun with his guns. People have fun watching him, too. About a hundred different manufacturers of firearms and related paraphernalia have, over the years, asked him to use and promote their products, and he loves being the center of attention at least as much as he loves owning a flamethrower. "There are no weapons I would ban ordinary citizens from owning, but if I had to name one, well, a bazooka isn't really something you need," he admits. That said, he has no fear that an item in his arsenal might be dangerous for his young children or for any of his many followers. "It's not guns that hurt people, it's the people holding the guns." I couldn't say which weapon is my favorite. I can't choose just one. I love them all. That's why I buy so many.
Floyd and Lesia McMillin (both 49 years old) – Topeka, Kansas Floyd and Lesia McMillin's enormous home is a showcase of hunting trophies. Stuffed deer, squirrels, ducks and geese, eyes frozen in time, stare as visitors pass through each room. There are quite a few—more than one per room, so at least 20. The sole exception is the bedroom, hung with portraits but otherwise strangely bare. It is here, however, that we find the guns that were used to hunt the animals. Most aren't loaded, the couple say. Only one or two are ready to be fired at a moment's notice, "in the defense of the family." Their collection consists of 65 pieces, and there's always something new. Each month, the McMillins spend roughly $2,500 on ammunition, accessories and new additions. Their passion for guns has been in their blood since childhood. Both come from families of hunters, people who would spend every moment of leisure time escaping into the great outdoors in search of prey. Floyd first shot a gun with his father, when he was 6 years old. At age 12, he was already spending much of his time pursuing game. At 17, he began participating in shooting contests. Lesia, on the other hand, had never fired a weapon until she was 46, when her husband bought her a Sig Sauer 380 and taught her to use it at the firing range. Until then, while on hunting trips firstly with her father and then her husband, she had only ever given tips and instructions. The McMillins own a very busy gun shop. "65% of our new customers are women who've never shot a gun before. Many have gone through something that's made them want to learn how to defend themselves. Most of them say that, between the time they called the police and the time the officers got there, the worst had already happened. A gun gives them more power, more security."
Danyela D'Angelo (16) – Southern Arizona Somewhere in Southern Arizona is where Danyela D'Angelo keeps her treasure: hundreds of firearms, some one of a kind, historic WWII pieces, weapons of war, and prototypes that never made it to production. They are all locked away in a vault whose location the family does not wish to disclose, for security reasons. They also form part of a trust that her father has put in her name, one she'll come into possession of as soon as she comes of age. It's hard to say whether Danyela is truly aware of the value of the collection, but that's not what she cares about most right now. Since the age of 12, she has been competing in numerous types of shooting events across the US, firing approximately three thousand rounds per month. She trains three times a week, and all of her weekends are booked with competitions of various sorts. She is second in the Women's Junior Division of the USPSA, which brings together athletes from every shooting sport, and her results are often better than those of the adults she competes against. She is courted assiduously by sponsors of all kinds, who enrich her collection by sending her handguns and long guns to use. Her passion comes from her father, Danny. He taught her to shoot when she was 8 years old and accustomed her to shooting with her right hand, even though she's naturally left-handed. These days she has a professional trainer, but father and daughter compete together in many two-person events. "I first got interested in guns because my dad shot competitively. He would take me with him and what he did looked like a lot of fun. Now we like to go shooting together."
Eric Arnsberger (30) and Morgan Gagnier (22) – Lake Forest, California During his eight years in the Army, Eric Arnsberger was deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, Sudan, Kosovo, Russia, Vietnam and several different countries in Africa. He's been a policeman in New Orleans, one of America's most violent cities, and he grew up in Florida, where gangs were rife and very mean. "When I was a kid, I experienced all kinds of violence. I was stabbed, beaten up, robbed. Then I went to war. I saw what happens when someone else points a gun at you. I had to shoot at people and they shot at me, hundreds of times." Now, back in the civilian world, Eric teaches people how to handle guns and shoot them safely. He lives in California, and he knows very well that many of his neighbors disapprove of his lifestyle and of what he does. "When I go off to work dressed in a certain way, I can see that people are judging me." Morgan, the woman with him in the portrait, is not one of them. She's a trainer in a gym, and she fell in love with him through following him on Instagram. Eric never goes out unarmed and has a predilection for military-type firearms. "I've never bought a complete gun. I always buy the parts, then make myself a custom piece. I learned how to build guns in the Army. One of my jobs was to test and assess firearms, and that's how I fell in love with them. If some new law made my guns illegal tomorrow, I think I'd break them down, hide them and go off somewhere else."
Avery Skipalis (33) – Tampa, Florida When Avery Skipalis was 17, she joined the Air Force and her peaceful girlhood in a sleepy South Carolina town took an unexpected turn. Until then, she'd never been outside of the United States. Indeed, she'd barely gone beyond the borders of her own State. The Air Force allowed her to fulfill her dream of traveling the world and it made her fall in love with firearms, a passion which she would later transform into a profession. "I'd never shot a gun before, but I loved my rifle from the first instant. It made me feel perfectly in control of the situation, and I've never stopped feeling that way since." After serving in the UAE, Japan and Germany, she left the armed forces to start a company that offers firearms safety classes to adults and children. The first two students were her own kids, now 10 and 13 years old, whom she taught to handle guns at the ages of 5 and 7, respectively. Today, she even gives lessons to military personnel. "They're curious when they see me, because you don't often get a woman as an instructor, but I can sense that they respect me." She is married to a military man and strongly believes that people who don't love guns have an underlying problem. "Either they haven't been properly informed or educated or they simply don't know enough about them. Otherwise, they wouldn't renounce the right to defend themselves." I bought my first gun, a Glock 43, when I was 22. My favorite gun is the N16 rifle. When we talk about guns and self-defense, race, gender and political beliefs don't matter. Everyone should learn how to defend themselves.
Joel, Lynne, Paige and Joshua (44, 43, 5 and 11 years old) – central Texas "Compulsive buyers and serial collectors." That is how Joel and Lynne, married 18 years and the owners of a company that deals in jewelry, define themselves. He loves watches, motorcycles and remote-control cars, but she adores collecting firearms. She doesn't know exactly how many she owns—between 150 and 170 is the ballpark figure—because she doesn't buy them whole. "I enjoy building them and modifying them myself. I always have a bunch of pieces lying around. Then suddenly I'll realize I've got, say, sixty percent of a Glock. I could sell off the individual parts, but that wouldn't be any fun. Better to buy another part and have one more gun!" Their son Josh has inherited her enthusiasm. At 11 years old, he walks around the house with a handgun he built on his own—you can see it in the photo—using pieces he picked out from an online catalogue. His little sister, Paige, who is 5, can only shoot with parental supervision, for now. She doesn't yet have a gun of her very own. She will soon though, in keeping with tradition, as Lynne explains. "My passion really runs in the family. My parents taught me to shoot at my grandparents' ranch. I remember my grandma chasing after me when I was going out, saying, 'Take this gun or you're not going anywhere'." It's always been a lot of fun, a sort of competition between the different generations: Who could shoot best? Excellent! I'm a better shot than my mom! I bought my first gun when I was in college. It was a Paintball Shotgun. Before that, I used my parents' guns.
Robert Nordyke (43) – Topeka, Kansas Robert Nordyke's dreams came true in 2015, when he finally obtained a licence to open a gun shop and private shooting range. He was 39 at the time and had been waiting for that moment for nearly thirty years—ever since, at the age of 10, his father gave him his first pistol and taught him how to shoot. "I can recall perfectly those days we spent in the fields trying to hit tin cans. They were so much fun." Robert's shooting range, in Topeka, Kansas, isn't like others. Indeed, it houses a "Simulation Room", one of the first in the country, he tells us. It is a room where, thanks to virtual reality, players find themselves in a reconstructed extreme situation, one which they will have to face using either real or fake firearms. One simulation, for example—which we experienced—was a mass shooting inside a school, where the goal was to find and take down the assailants while terrified screaming crowds were being projected onto the walls. Robert teaches his customers how to shoot, the rules about how to be safe, and the laws they need to be familiar with in order to buy and handle firearms. His personal collection numbers about fifty pieces. The pace of his purchasing picked up enormously during Barack Obama's presidency. "Before Obama got elected, I only had 4 or 5 guns. After his election, I was afraid that gun laws might get tougher, so I bought as many as I could in the shortest time possible."
Latoya Piper (32) – Huntsville, Alabama Not many people can say they stopped a mass shooting, but Latoya Piper is one of them. It was the night of December 31, 2018, and she was working as a security guard at the entrance to a club. Two men began to argue, then one of them went back to his car, took out an AK-47 and tried to go into the club, shooting. Latoya responded swiftly. She fired once and he shot back. Then she fired again and was able to stop him. The man did not die. It was Latoya herself who called the first responders who took him to the hospital. That episode only strengthened her convictions about the importance of carrying a gun. "I encourage victims of violent crimes to learn to use guns, to buy them and practice with them. It only takes one bullet to stop a mass shooting," she says with confidence. Latoya's familiarity with firearms runs deep. She practically grew up in the sheriff's office where her father worked. She was 11 when he taught her how to shoot. At just over 20 she was in Iraq, serving in the military. Today, as a veteran, she believes there should be no distinction between ordinary citizens and members of the armed forces. "There's no sort of firearm that people should be banned from buying. Anything the military has, individuals should be able to have, too." I like military-style weapons because they are more powerful. You're the one who controls the explosion in your hands, the one who directs it. It's having the ability to control something that powerful with my own two hands. If, tomorrow, the government decided that some of my guns were illegal, I don't think I'd turn them in. I think I'd ask them to come and get them, and I doubt that they would. If I don't have a gun with me, I feel naked.
Chris Cheng (39) – San Francisco, California Chris Cheng is a textbook Californian, born and raised. He lives in San Francisco and built a career in Silicon Valley. He had been working for Google for 10 years when he decided to make a sea change, give free rein to the passion for firearms that his father, a former Marine, had instilled in him from the time he was a child. He signed up for a reality show, Top Shot, in which sixteen contestants faced off in shooting sports, and he won it. He went on to try and turn firearms into his occupation, leaving behind technology and devoting himself to shooting competitions. Recently, perhaps because these don't pay as much as software and apps, he went back to his old profession, but with the knowledge that he has a lot of eyes on him now. "Living in San Francisco, I'm surrounded by very strong anti-gun sentiment. However, there are a lot of people around me, including some of my friends from the tech sector, who own firearms but just don't talk about it. They're wrong, because it's a little like being gay. I'm gay, and it's never a good thing to stay silent, to refrain from saying who you are. One thing I love about the Bay Area and about America is that this is a country full of diversity and we have the right to be who we want to be."
Robert Baldwin Jr. (39) – Las Vegas, Nevada In a dream mansion just outside of Las Vegas, in a room that's more of a museum, is where Robert Baldwin Jr. keeps his guns, behind a bulletproof showcase window so like a mirror that, unless you turn on the lights inside, you can't see the collection at all. It comprises hundreds of pieces. None of them have historical significance, but Robert is nonetheless quite attached to them. "I like to give myself a gun as a gift to mark important moments, like Christmas or my birthday." It's a family tradition. When he turned 6, his father gave him his first .22-caliber rifle and taught him how to use it. "He used to shoot for fun. He was a hunter, and he wanted to bring me along, to forge a special bond. He succeeded." Today, Robert is a well-known rally driver. He's competed three times in the Dakar rally-raid and has twice won the Baja 1000, one of the most famous such races. He never goes out unarmed. "If I'm wearing pants, it means that my handgun's there somewhere." He is against any restrictions on owning weapons, although he does concede that "no private citizen should be able to have a nuclear warhead." He's extremely skeptical of the way the media talks about guns, mass shootings and the need to reform gun laws. "If you take a hard look at the statistics, you see that 68% of firearm deaths are suicides. Having suffered from depression myself, I can say with confidence that the fact that guns exist isn't the reason why anyone wants to kill themselves. Besides, a gun is certainly not the only way to kill yourself. The real problem in this country is depression." If I'm out and I'm unarmed, I'm naked. My guns are like tattoos, linked to moments in my life.
Bree Michael Warner (43 years old) – Putnam Valley, New York When Bree Michael Warner decided to leave Manhattan and the city for somewhere less fast-paced, she put a lot of thought into what county would be best. In some, guns are strongly frowned upon, in others, they are better tolerated. She owns 18 and is "an anomaly, in this ultra-liberal area." Most importantly, she has turned that fact into a cornerstone of her life. For 15 years she worked as an actress and TV-show host in California. It was there that she really got to know guns—to love them so much, in fact, that she became an NRA member and a firearms instructor. Now she teaches women how to shoot, not only for self-defence, but also just for fun. Her first piece of advice to her students is, "It's much easier to use a long gun than a handgun. They're more accurate and it's easier to hit the target." She still takes acting jobs sometimes, in TV and film, but she and her tips about guns have become a point of reference for a large social media following. "I always try to be genuine. I never talk about a gun if I don't really like it. I don't take instructions from companies, even if I do have longstanding relationships with a few different ones." What qualities does a gun need to have for her to like it? "I don't look only at aesthetic qualities, although, as a woman, I do like pretty guns. What I want is for them to be practical, both for teaching others and for self-defense." I often buy my guns online. I go shopping for guns on the Internet just like I do for clothes.
Charlie Ferer (doesn't wish to reveal his age) – Paradise Valley, Arizona Charlie Ferer has always had a nose for business. He studied economics and understood early on that, with a little luck, being an entrepreneur can be an excellent career, especially when combined with one's own passions and with geopolitical needs. That's why, 15 years after opening a business that manufactures artificial grass, he turned his attention to weapons. In 2012 he founded a company that manufactures munitions and provides training and intelligence solutions to US and non-US government clients. "We are professionals, quiet and reserved," he says of his partners and colleagues, two traits that are key in a world of delicate equilibriums. However, one thing there's no mystery about is his passion for firearms and his desire for there to be more of them around. "Headlines about mass shootings really sadden me, but they strengthen my conviction that the only solution is to get rid of laws banning people from taking guns into certain places. If there were armed professionals in schools to protect the students, the risk that someone could hurt them would be hugely reduced." What's more, as Charlie always says, "We do a great job with security checks here in America. We're very good at making sure that, if you're a patriot, you don't have a criminal history and you go through the proper procedures, you can have the firearms you wish." To those affected by a mass shooting, I'd say it saddens me. It's truly unfortunate, a little like what happens to the victims of drunk drivers.
Brandon Brown (35), with Ashtan (5) and Carson (3) – Harvest, Alabama Brandon Brown is a man of few words. If you ask him for his story in a nutshell, he says, "I'm 35 years old, I come from Huntsville and I love guns." A single father of two, he still lives and works, as an analyst for the government, just outside of the town where he was born and raised. "I'm a family man. I love to spend time with my kids and I can't wait to introduce them to guns," he tells us. His passion started back when he was in grade school. "I had a lot of friends in school who'd talk about their experiences out hunting with their fathers. I shot a gun for the first time when I was 12, and I have to say that it's a tough experience to characterize. I liked it, but I thought, 'Should I enjoy this?' " His answer must have been, "Yes," considering that a few years later, as soon as he'd turned 18, he bought himself an AK-47, the gun most popular in the movies he'd always loved—and also given that, today, he thinks everyone (and that means everyone) should own guns and learn how to use them. "If I could talk to the victims of a mass shooting, I'd explain to them that guns save lives. I know of a lot of situations where firearms have been used for defense. That's why I don't believe there should be any restrictions on their sale. Otherwise, the only people to have them would be criminals." The first gun I ever fired was a .308 hunting rifle. I recommend that everyone try shooting, even people who have a stigma against guns or are afraid of them. If we're going to change opinions about firearms, people have to learn what it means to be responsible gun owners.
Collin Singletom (45) and James Prince (41) - Atlanta, Georgia James and Collin have a close friendship. They met five years ago at the firing range and have been inseparable since. James works in a factory and Collin is a truck driver. They both got to know guns through videogames and have been collecting ever since they could afford to. "I started liking them when I was really young. My fascination with them came from movies, videogames and TV. The first time I shot a gun, I was 16 years old. It was a friend's handgun. I remember feeling so powerful. It was a great feeling," says Collin. James's father put a revolver into his son's hand at the age of 6 and taught him how to use it. Decades later, James honored the family tradition by doing the same with his children, 10 and 12 years old respectively. He has 18 pieces in his collection, not many in comparison with Collin's 43. Indeed, all Collin's savings go towards firearms. "Guns are an investment, first and foremost, and they're a passion, something the whole family can enjoy together." I believe that, in the name of the Second Amendment, there are no firearms that individuals should be prevented from owning (Collin Singleton).
Katie (41 years old) – Central Texas Everybody dreams of going to California. Katie, however, longed to escape—not from the sun and beaches of popular imagination, but from the same liberal culture that has made it a mecca for others. "The government is becoming oppressive. There are always more gun control laws, dozens of petty restrictions telling you what you can and can't do. It's impossible to feel at ease." Katie comes from a family of hunters, has been shooting since she was 10 and is a member of the Ladies Shooting League. For her, that level of control was unbearable. "My husband and I came to Texas, and the fundamental difference is the freedom here." To tell it to the world, Katie opened a business that makes home decor with quotations from the Second Amendment and the Constitution. It's no coincidence that her company is called is 'The Good Patriot'. She never goes out unarmed, for reasons of defence. "The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun. A place that's full of unarmed people is a godsend for someone who wants to go in and commit a massacre," she explains, but it's also "to show my faith in freedom and in the Second Amendment." Freedom is my passion and I think that guns are necessary to defend it.
Graham Michael Remhart (24) – Tampa, Florida If he hadn't grown up watching the History Channel, maybe today Graham Michael Remhart would be working as a criminologist, putting his university degree to use. That would have made his mother—a woman so against guns that, when he was a boy, she would take them out of his Lego sets—very happy. Instead, after years of binging on documentaries about the two World Wars, and later books and movies on the same topic, Graham decided that the best way to get in touch with history was to become a collector of militaria. For years, having put his degree in a drawer, he's been working in a gun shop and investing everything he can save in rare and antique items. "I like to put myself in the shoes of those who came before me, walk in their footsteps through the pieces I buy. The first time I walked into a munitions store I was looking for a Glock, but then I saw this really old Lee Enfield rifle on the wall and I thought it was just the coolest thing on Earth. It took me two months to decide whether to buy it or to opt for a simple tool for self-defense. In the end, I chose history." Every item in his collection is in perfect working order. Graham uses long guns and handguns at the shooting range, where he often takes his friends to introduce them to firearms, particularly historical ones. "I love the mechanics of these tools. Each of these weapons works in a different way. Their inventors all thought of different ways of making them do the same thing. Looking at their details is truly fascinating." My favorite is a Russian rifle from the Second World War, an SVT40 that was found in Finland.
Kitija Shiroma (29 years old) – Honolulu, Hawaii Kitija Shiroma, Mae to her friends, owns the biggest firing range in the Hawaiian Islands. She owns it with her stepfather, a former military man whom she thinks of as her dad. It was he who instilled in her a passion for firearms. She was 10 at the time and had just moved to Honolulu from her birthplace, Thailand. "I used to watch Hollywood movies. Like any kid, I wanted to learn more about what I saw, so my father would take me hunting with him, up in the mountains. People hunt a lot around here. There are deer and pigs—it's a rich land. That's when I started shooting." Her stepfather has also made it possible for her to amass one of the largest collection of firearms on the island, consisting largely of antiques. He buys them for himself and, when he gets tired of them, he passes them on to her. "As for me, I could never get tired of having new guns," she says. "I want to own all of the wonderful ones I see here at the firing range. If I'm lucky, in another ten years I'll have at least 100 guns." Kitija has two great passions, firearms and the ocean. She dreams of making scuba diving into a career, but also of becoming a markswoman at a competitive level. At the moment, however, her everyday commitment is to change the way people think, given that, where she lives, they're especially sceptical about firearms. "The more we teach people about gun culture," she tells us, "the greater the chance that they'll change their opinions." I have military-type firearms. They're like Legos for grownups, very fun to use and you can customize them any way you like. My first gun was a gift from my dad for my 22nd birthday. It was a little pink Chiappa revolver, a .38 Special.
Will Renke (35) – Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Every two weeks, Will Renke buys a new firearm. How long he's been doing this and how many guns he has, he prefers not to say. "My collection? It's big. Really, really big." Underneath the solid image of a bright young entrepreneur, it's clear that he's moved when he thinks back on the time he first fired a gun, at the age of 10, and on the shotgun itself, a Fox Savage .410 that he keeps carefully preserved. "Nothing is more important, because I don't think of it simply as a gun. It's a piece of history, something that was given to me by my grandfather and that I will want to give to my children." His grandfather imparted another lesson, as well, about "the importance of safety and the knowledge that you never pull the trigger unless you know exactly what's in front of you." Most of Will's enormous collection is under lock and key and, although he keeps a handgun in his car, he doesn't always carry one with him. "In a dangerous situation, what I need is my education, the way I was raised and my people skills—not necessarily a bullet." He is firmly convinced that violence is intrinsically linked to human nature and to a decline in values, both family and otherwise. "People only care about their own interests, so, if hurting someone is in that interest, they won't hesitate. The next generations will have a chance to improve things if they learn responsibility, if they know how to communicate with others, if they respect their families, their schools, and the President, too, even when they don't like him." "Shooting for the first time was an amazing experience, because I knew there was so much respect and just so much involved in what I was holding in my hand, in being a part of Americana."
Parker B. "Baret" (33), Jalyn (29), Parker Knox (6) and Kiercley (4) Fawbush – Poseville, Indiana Parker B. Fawbush, known to all simply as Baret, is the pastor of his community in Poseville, Indiana. His congregation is based out of Old Union Christian Church, whose members number around 150. When he is not ministering to his flock of faithful, Baret turns his attention to firearms. A shooting instructor, his social media accounts, where he reviews different firearms and teaches people how to use them, have large followings. His two activities often overlap. "I use my guns as tools to teach people things about life. My posts are always accompanied by passages from the Scriptures." It was Baret's father who taught him everything he knows. "He raised me to have great respect for guns, because they are a tool that gives you the chance to look out for yourself." Today, he is committed to doing the same with his kids. "I take them shooting every once in a while. They love it. Once they understand there's nothing to worry about, they start enjoying themselves." There are guns of all kinds in his collection, including military models. "I grew up playing videogames and that probably gives them a certain appeal. I don't know exactly what it is that attracts me, though. It's like asking what my favorite cartoon is." One thing's for certain, though. Until Kingdom come, he's not willing to give them up. "If the government were to ask me to turn in my guns, I'd tell them that's illegal, that it violates the Constitution. As I priest, I believe there are no guns in Heaven. If there were, though, it would be a safe place to have them." The first pistol I ever bought was a brand-new P226. It cost 500 dollars.
Jay Hong (36), Helen Hong (35) and Jayden Hong (7) – Detroit, Michigan When Jay arrived in Detroit from South Korea at age 7, he dove headlong into American culture as a way to overcome, at least in part, the other children's mistrust. "I grew up in the '80s, watching a ton of action movies. That's where I got my fascination with guns." It is a passion that no one else in his family has ever shared. "I could never have gone shooting when I was a kid. Everyone in my family is really against the idea." He made up for it at 21, as soon he was of legal age. That first pistol he bought was an American classic, a Glock 9mm. His wife Helen's family is also from South Korea and likewise strongly opposed to guns, but now she, too, enjoys outings to the shooting range. The Hong family owns a total of 28 firearms, including many military-type models, which they like because they're "reliable." Their son Jayden won't have to wait to be an adult before he can have a gun. "He went shooting with me for the first time when he was 6, as soon as he was big enough to hold a pistol. I'd really like to think that he enjoyed it, though I must admit that the noise at the firing range was a little much for him."
Miguel Farinas (35) and Diliet Farinas – Miami, Florida If it weren't for Jean-Claude Van Damme's motion-picture feats, Miguel Farinas might not be the owner of 61 firearms, a collection that grows at a pace of one per month. Miguel, who was born into a Cuban family in Miami and whose wife came to Florida from Cuba at age 7, lived and breathed action movies growing up. "It was the '90s, I was a boy and I was always watching stuff like Van Damme or Rambo. I thought they were so cool." He fired a gun for the first time at age 16. "It was a Winchester .22 caliber, like cowboys have in Westerns," he tells us. He waited until he was 25, though, to give his passion free rein. "It took me a really long time to decide to buy my first gun, but now I can't stop. Some I buy because they're cool, because I saw them in movies when I was a kid and they stayed with me," he says. "Some give me self-confidence. Others connect me with the USA's colonial past, when people would come here and build something out of nothing. Back then they used guns to get their food, and having an antique gun puts me in their shoes, two hundred years later." Miguel never goes out unarmed. He's an NRA-certified instructor, and under no circumstances would he be willing to give up his idea of history and freedom. "If the government made some of the weapons I've purchased legally illegal, even if they were willing to pay me for them, well, I'd still say no. If you want them, come and get them." My favorite gun is my PS90. It's one I always wanted. I saw it on Star Games, I think in season two or three, and I fell in love with it. I think that everyone should have the right to purchase firearms. Part of American culture is having the right to defend ourselves.
Lamar Cooke and John Cooke – Chinle (Navajo Nation), Arizona The Navajo Nation, in the Arizona desert, comprises a part of what remains to Native Americans of their ancient and unspoiled lands. To defend these from intruders, whether animal or human, the Navajos have learned to value those same weapons that were used to massacre their own people two centuries ago. "There are a couple of guns in every home here on the reservation. We need them to defend our way of life," explains Lamar Cooke. Together, he and his brother John share a collection of 35 firearms and some very clear ideas on how and why to use them. "The first time I shot a gun, one of our sheep was running away because a coyote had bitten it. My grandfather handed me a rifle and said, 'Go and shoot at those dogs. We have to protect the livestock,' " John recalls. Both he and Lamar always go out armed. "It's necessary, to defend our lives." Nonetheless, shooting has also become a recreational activity for them both, whether they're hunting coyotes in the desert or traveling to the firing range to participate in competitions. They're both strongly opposed to gun control laws and highly skeptical when it comes to the media. "When I hear news about mass shootings, I think about 1864. Back then, there were a lot more of them than now, but they weren't publicized. They happened in the United States and elsewhere in the world. I'm a Navajo, an indigenous person, so I know perfectly well that there have been more mass massacres in our history than have ever been told," says John. On the Navajo reservation there are no gun laws. It's still the old Wild West.
Stephen F. Wagner (66 years old) – State College, Pennsylvania Until the age of 50, Stephen just wished. He dreamed, assessed, studied history and models. He's been fascinated with guns since childhood. When he was 8, his grandfather put a revolver in his hand and explained the basics. Decades later, Stephen would use that same handgun to teach his own children to shoot. It was a Smith & Wesson, and today it still holds a place of honour in the collection he's spent the last 15 years building, starting when he left his job as a FedEx delivery man to go to work part time in a gun shop and also as an NRA-certified shooting instructor. Since then, Stephen has collected about 70 firearms. He favours rare and antique pieces. "I'm fascinated by the idea of being a part of history through the guns I own," he explains. Those that date from the Spanish-American War are among the most valuable, but he is particularly proud of his American-made firearms and his collection of pieces from the 1970s. "I keep on buying them. They're a good investment and they'll be a marvelous legacy to pass on to my children." Every one of his guns has been used at least once. However, as is true of any collection worthy of the name, the joy comes from ownership. "We Americans are very lucky. It's wonderful to have a bond of this sort with our country." I think that revolvers are the quintessence of this nation. As an American citizen, I feel very fortunate to live in a country where we have the freedom to own firearms.
Tracy Whitsell (25) – Evansville, Indiana Mechanic during the week, fitness instructor and model for calendars and magazines on weekends, gun collector seven days a week. Tracy Whitsell is a girl with a multifaceted life. After she quit her criminology studies, she got a job repairing buses for the Evansville School Corporation. Her earnings she puts towards firearms, a passion she's nurtured since childhood. Her father taught her how to shoot when she was 11. There were a lot of guns in the house and he wanted Tracy and her sister to be able to handle them safely. "I figured out what I enjoyed pretty quickly. In high school I started shooting competitively. It became a hobby." Gun magazines often call her in to model for articles. When she's not busy posing with one of her antique handguns (she has a modest collection, inherited in part from her family), she's taking part in fitness competitions. She is opposed to any laws that would restrict gun rights. "I don't believe there are groups of people who shouldn't have them. Neither do I believe that there are types of weapons that people shouldn't be allowed to have. Every individual has to be responsible for their own guns, use them appropriately, and keep them secure. If they do that, then they can have whatever they want."
David Kikukawa (25 years old) – Kailua, Hawaii If Hawaii is not like other places, that's not just down to the beauty of its islands. It is, in fact, one of the few American states where buying and owning guns is neither particularly common nor well thought of—not even by David's family. It's no coincidence that he learned to shoot in Canada, at his uncle's ranch. After that, from the age of 8, he nursed a desire to own firearms, regardless of the collective hostility to the idea. He purchased his first revolver "without really having to think twice about it", just after finishing high school and not long before enlisting in the army, where he would spend 4 years. Since returning to civilian life, he's gone on to shoot in competitions, but he also collects guns to safeguard himself and his freedom. "I have military-type guns. In the beginning I liked having them for practice, but today I think they're excellent for self defense." Be that as it may, he has never been assaulted or been the victim of a crime, and in Hawaii it's not legal to carry a gun. "One of my fears is finding myself in a dangerous situation, like a mass shooting, and not being able to do anything because I'm not armed." The first gun I bought was a Remington 870. I got it when I finished high school, without really having to think twice about it. If I have to pick a favorite, I'd say an AR 9. It's the gun I use in competitions and I shoot with it a couple of times a week. When I hear about a mass shooting, I feel the way I do when there's a serious traffic accident. It's never the tool, never the gun. It's the person. It makes no sense to blame guns.
James Han (37) and Seo Hyun Jung (27) – Detroit, Michigan James Han dreamed of being a successful golfer. What he became was a competitive marksman. It was a question of chance—a broken arm that put an end to his professional golfing aspirations. When he turned 34, a friend took him to the shooting range as a birthday present. Until that day, James, who works alongside his wife, Seo Hyun, as a wedding photographer, had never fired a gun. "I didn't even know how to hold a gun, but he taught me. I emptied my first magazine and I thought, 'This is my sport'. I learned to handle every sort of gun after that. Then I started shooting in competitions." Today, he's a member of the USPA (the United States Practical Shooting Association), America's federation of shooting sports, and he's become a collector. "My guns have to be perfect for me. That's why I build them all myself. I order the parts online or from a gun shop and I assemble them at home." James and his wife are South Korean by birth, but they came to the United States at ages 15 and 7, respectively. Neither of their families have a passion for firearms, although they don't have anything against them. "Our parents don't have many guns, but they belong to a different generation. At least half of my friends have firearms."
Micah Harris (31) – Oxnard, California Since he was a boy, Micah Harris has had just one wish—to surround himself with the same guns he's seen in Hollywood movies. He would dream about them at night, first and foremost among them, "Bruce Willis's Beretta from Die Hard. It's a legend." However, surrounding oneself with firearms is no simple thing in California, and not well looked upon either. When he decided to buy his first rifle, a Remington 700, the bureaucratic hoops he had to jump through were so many and so complex that he decided to set up a YouTube channel, posting updates on his progress and sharing what he learned along the way. The channel garnered moderate success. Today, Micah knows all the rules and advises others on how to buy the firearms they want. He manages a gun shop that he founded with a friend, and he's also a member of the NRA. Losing some friends in a mass shooting only strengthened his convictions about the importance of knowing how to defend oneself. "Shootings are a tragic way to use a tool that was never conceived for that purpose. If I could speak to the victims, I'd tell them I offer them all of my help and understanding, and that I'd be happy to teach them how to use guns, so that they could defend themselves in the future." Choosing a favorite gun is kind of like choosing a favorite child. If I really had to, I'd say an Mk 12 Mod 1
Brickell Clark (26) – Key West, Florida Brickell Clark could list a whole lot of excellent reasons for purchasing a gun, but there are two that are particularly important to her—they're chic and they're a great equalizer. In their own way, they're almost a new tool of feminism. AmericanGunChic is the nickname you can use to track her down on Instagram and YouTube. There, she shows people that a passion for guns isn't something that's suitable only to men. Most importantly, she lets them know that, "While everyone has a right to own guns, for a woman it's also a way to be any man's equal." Brickell was born in California, grew up in Colorado, and was working as a waitress in Florida when she shot a gun for the first time, at the age of 23. "I was really nervous and scared, because I didn't know how the gun would behave, but as soon as I pulled the trigger, I was relieved. It wasn't bad at all." The photos she published on social media after that first time garnered so much attention that she decided to become an influencer. Today, she has nearly 20 thousand followers, a fact that makes her very proud. "They are very patriotic, faithful to the Constitution, respectful of the law. They're men and women from all over the world who love liberty, whose priorities are independence, the ability to defend themselves, and safety. The first gun I bought for myself was a Smith & Wesson Bodyguard 380. I'm not a gun collector. I'm just a person who loves liberty.
Christina L. Branum (left) and Abby Swink (right) – Virginia Beach, Virginia (also in the photo: Stephen Ness) Christina and Abby were already adults when they met and became best friends. After hours spent chatting at Abby's hair salon, where Christina is a customer, they discovered their shared passion for guns. In both cases, it dates from childhood, from hunting trips with parents or whole-family affairs. "My father always tells me how, when I was six years old, he took me outside, handed me his .357 Smith & Wesson and helped me to aim. Then he felt me pull the trigger and I burst out laughing," says Abby, who grew up in Ohio but moved to Virginia ten years ago. Since then, she's dreamed of "always shopping for guns", though for the moment she's stopped at 13. She is never without her handgun. "I always carry it with me. I've found so many ways to 'wear' it—tucked into my belt, hanging from it, in my purse. Looking for new ones has become almost a game." Christina works on a military base, so she can't walk around armed, but that hasn't stopped her from collecting a total of 15 firearms over the years." Every once in a while, my husband and I sell off one of our guns to buy a bigger or more exciting one. Usually we'll buy one, work on it a little to improve it, and resell it. Then we can afford something better." That, too, is a family tradition, like the hunting trips when she was a girl. "There were a lot of woods where I grew up. We'd go out after deer or squirrels. We've also grown increasingly patriotic over time. When Abby and I discovered that we both liked guns, we formed a strong bond." Shooting is a skill. When you grow up in the country, you love going hunting not only because you like the meat you'll get to eat, but also because you love competition: Who's going to come home with the best bag? (Christina)
Lee A. Harris (52) and Candius Harris (40), with their children, Lee II (13) and Camille (6) Atlanta, Georgia If you ask Lee A. Harris about his earliest childhood memories, he might not be able to recall the exact scenes, but he'll be sure of one thing: there were guns. A military man and the son of a military man, growing up in the midst of soldiers and drills, Lee was surrounded by guns of all sorts from the time he was a baby. "They were a familiar part of life and always have been. On top of that, I went hunting with my father from the time I was really young." The first time Lee fired a gun, he was 10. He and his father were hunting squirrels. "I remember taking aim and pulling the trigger, then the flash of light and the incredible recoil—stronger than I'd expected. It was an adrenalin rush, but scary, too, in its own way." Lee served as a sheriff after retiring from the Army, and now he runs a private company. His children are extremely careful around the twenty-two firearms their father keeps at home. "My 13-year-old son knows how to handle them safely. My daughter is only 6 and I probably won't teach her to shoot until she's 10, but she already knows not to touch them." Lee and his wife Candius, who both go to the firing range at least once a month, are aware of the risks. "I believe there is a link between the number of accidents and deaths in the US and the number of firearms in this country. Children that don't understand what guns are might play with them and point them at themselves or someone else. If there were no guns, that wouldn't happen."
Joanna Hernandez (left) and Tracy Lee (both 32) – Las Vegas, Nevada (in the background, Mila and Violet Hernandez, Joanna's daughters) Joanna Hernandez and Tracy Lee are fast friends, and their strongest bond is their shared love of guns. Joanna is a painter and has a digital marketing company, while Tracy, known to all as Tracy Guns, is a professional photographer. She became interested in firearms as an indirect result of her work. At the time, she was traveling the country, following Ultimate Fighting Championship fighters. One of them taught her how to shoot. "I did so well that the girl who worked at the firing range came over to compliment me," she recalls. She hasn't stopped since, and gun collecting has become her passion. Joanna, on the other hand, wanted to learn to shoot for self-defense, but it grew on her. "I was 21 years old and, to start teaching me, they gave me a Mossberg 500. I was pretty scared, because it's a powerful gun, but I wanted it so I could learn to defend myself. These days, if I like a gun, I buy it right away." Living in Las Vegas, they both have very vivid memories of the mass shooting that, in the summer of 2017, led to the deaths of 59 people, making it the deadliest in American history. "A lot of my friends were there. Afterwards, most of them wanted to learn how to use a gun for self-defense. The problem is never the gun, it's the finger that pulls the trigger. If someone wants to kill, they'll find a way to do it." If the weapons I own were to become illegal tomorrow, I don't know how I'd react to that. I respect the law, but I want to be able to defend myself and I believe in the Second Amendment with all my heart. I don't think the police would follow their orders. They wouldn't come to take them. (Tracy) It's always devastating when you hear about a mass shooting. We use our guns the right way, and they use them to hurt people. (Joanna)
Steve (46) and Nicole (38) Downs – Jordan, Montana When Nicole married Steve Downs in 1999, he decided to give her a truly special gift, her first gun. He knew she'd like it, because his wife, who works in a feed store, started shooting with her parents when she was just a child. "Sometimes they'd let me shoot at the cows they'd decided to slaughter to provide meat for our family," she tells us, as a testament to her passion. Steve, on the other hand, got his first gun at the age of 11, as a gift from an uncle. Today, he has handed that gun down to his son, as family tradition dictates. Steve is a highway patrolman. He has only had to shoot at a person once while on the job, but he practises a lot all the same. "I love going to the shooting range and hunting in the fields, too. I shoot at least five times a week." Today, between the two of them, they have a thirty-five-piece collection, a passion matched only by their love of cats, which have been given the run of the house.
Mia Farinelli (15 years old) - Alexandria, Virginia The first time Mia Farinelli held 'The Cricket', it felt enormous. Mia was 7 years old at the time and had never shot a gun before. 'The Cricket' was her uncle's affectionate nickname for his Bolt .22 rifle. It was on that visit, to a farm owned by relatives, that her father taught her how to aim and pull the trigger. "I was excited, because I hit the targets right off the bat," she says. In fact, she was so good that her father sensed she had the potential to become a junior champion. Since that day, the 15-year-old has competed in dozens of different sorts of shooting competitions, working towards her dream of joining the army. "It would be amazing. I'd get to shoot every day." While she has a modest collection of firearms (she's sponsored by several local stores), Mia isn't legally old enough to carry a gun of her own. Neither has she given much thought as to whether she will when she's older. "The reason I love guns is for sports. I don't want to talk about politics, but I do support anyone who wants to own a gun." I don't have a favorite gun. To me, they're like children. You can't have a favorite.
Timmy Thomas Jr. (31) with his wife Dominique Heller (27) and their sons Timmy II and Taylor – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania What Timmy Thomas Heller Jr. remembers most about the first time he shot a gun is the headache it gave him. "I was 19 years old. My cousin and I were out by the woods, in North Carolina. He was older than me and had a collection of firearms. He handed me an AR-15 and I shot it. We didn't have anything to protect ourselves against the sound and it was so loud that afterwards I felt sick." His father and that same older cousin, along with the movies and videogames he would binge on as a kid, are responsible for his passion for firearms, although his love for sneakers runs a close second. Timmy, who installs heating systems for a living, puts everything he can save into shoes and guns. He and his wife, Dominique, love to go to the firing range, and sometimes they take along their son, Timmy II, who already has excellent aim. "Our daughter's still too young. I'll have to wait until she turns at least 9 to teach her." Even outside of the shooting range, Timmy is never without his handgun. "The only place I don't take it is to work. If I don't have it with me, I'm afraid I could be killed. We're in Philadelphia, a city where the crime rate is really high." My favorite gun is an AR-15, and I love it because I built it myself.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"Since Nutanix presents NFS share to ESXi hosts the datastore level reclaim will not be needed. This left me with in-guest reclamation.
Depending on your storage technology, you can reclaim dead space in a VMDK by either writing zeros to the disk and/or running SCSI UNMAP on the unused storage space.
This may be all you need to do in order to show the space as reclaimed to your storage controller. Some storage solutions may require an additional step to complete the communication of the reclaim operation to the storage controller.
PerfectStorage first analyzes your disk to help you see if a reclaim operation is worth your time. Why spend time and resources on a reclaim operation if the amount that will be recovered is negligible?
Then, it produces a report of recoverable space and where it resides (across all disks you choose to centrally manage with PerfectStorage), which allows you to determine whether you want to run the reclaim operation.
If you choose to allow PerfectStorage to run the reclaim operation, it will automatically use its Smart Zero Fill feature (or SCSI UNMAP, depending on which reclaim method your storage solution supports) to zero-fill or unmap recoverable storage space without taking your servers offline. The StealthPatrol feature in PerfectStorage runs only while your system is idle, which allows it to run during production hours with no negative impact on system performance.
Once the reclaim operation is complete, PerfectStorage produces a report showing you where and how much storage space was recovered.
Even better, PerfectStorage can be scheduled ahead of time to run daily, weekly or one time — when it works for you.
Again, depending on your storage solution, you may need to complete an additional step to communicate the completion of this reclaim operation to your storage controller. PerfectStorage takes the guesswork out of storage space reclamation, automating a critical (and time-consuming) part of the process, which may be your entire reclaim operation depending on your storage solution.
With the right version of VMware you can shrink a VM "on-the-fly" as seen in this video.


Like a lot of you, I have known both depression and loss, and the absolute paralysis of being frozen in time and space. But I have learned to be 'okay' about even the darkest of emotions, and to not be afraid to experience, or even go deeply into them.
So, when I look and reach inward to feel my own mother's state of being as she is trapped in the deep recesses of Alzheimer's Disease, I can relate to that sense of the inner void, without any seeming progressive movement, or purpose, or sometimes even the simplest ability to express joy.
But I have learned to find my own way through the clouded emotions that I have experienced, as well as ways that can often help others. So, as I created this AAQI art quilt for the Alzheimer's Art Quilt Initiative as part of my ongoing Liberated Quilting Challenge, I challenged myself to try new art quilting techniques in both design, and use of materials that also challenged me to go into the emotions of that creation. I wanted to feel all of the deep, dark feelings, but still find some hope, some joy, and some sense of movement within that place, so as to recreate that movement again, when my own life experiences might require that same manifestation.
I sat with my little table filled with bits and pieces...scraps of fabric, threads and yarns, beads and metallic paints, and without a drawing, or a plan, I just began cutting and pasting, ironing and fusing, twisting and turns the pieces instinctively. I wanted to manifest in expressed design that innate inner feeling.
As a result, this piece first ended up rather murky and dark, and it was only by increasing the light on the finished piece, that the elements even showed up clearly, at all. I added the jeweled and metallic beads, and the dots of metallic gold paint. I added the brightening elements of many layers of couched yarns, and then the tracing and retracing of the swirling eddys of water.
I wanted, and needed, there to still be change, still be more than what first appears to our outward, and not our inner eye. This, I thought is the secret. When we go too deep within our selves, we should gently find our own inner movement, our own way through the waters, until finally....we find our way up and out, once more.
If you suffer from Alzheimer's you cannot do this alone in the beginning, and then you often cannot do it all. But you and I...we can. We can find our way, and we can help others to find theirs.
When you view my art quilt on AAQI's website, it most likely will appear much darker in its photograph, then it does here, or in real life... since they photographed it without realizing the need for more light, as I did, because of the darker light absorbing fabrics.
How like real life, I thought. You truly do have to shine a light onto, into, and within the darkness to still feel the bright spots, any hope, or any joy. You need that same sense of light to find your way to experiencing a sense of movement, instead of feeling 'stuck' or paralyzed. There is still change, there is still growth..it just might not be upwards, it might be change in a different emotion, a difference direction, a swaying, instead of a dramatic uplifting to the surface once again. And to me, that is just how it feels in my own life, when I experience any of the darker emotions.
It ended up taking about six hours to make this little art quilt ...not counting my drifting in creation time, but only my 'in this world' literal time. But in that time, I was able to literally, and figuratively, transport my inner psyche into so many different understandings of that deep process with every movement of the fabric, every addition of a bead, and even the flow of my stitching.
I truly realized for the first time what differentiates an 'art' quilt from a regular one. It is the emotion we put into them, and the emotions that are drawn back out again in the viewer. My own emotions help me to better understand others human emotions and how they are expressed, projected, and mirrored in all that emanates outwardly....and appears to surround us. And they help me to gain new tools in my understandings of my mother's own inner world within the confines of Alzheimer's.
I hope you can feel the lesson in my journey as you gaze into, and travel these depths with me...because while millions of A.D. sufferers are forever paralyzed and stuck by their disease, I am able to come back up again and so will you. My joy, and my purpose are still there. For they never truly left me at all, but simply got buried within the depths...and just for just a while.
Now, I can see not only the beauty, but the movement within the stillest places of perceived darkness. For even if we were to stand at the bottom of the deepest ocean, there would still be flow and current, and changes in being, and our own changes in the perception of them.
So, in that sense, my mother's journey 'within the depths' of this dark process of Alzheimer's Disease is not truly 'only' dark and murky..it is simply a different perception of herself, her life, and her relationship with all of us who surround her. Deep within, she is still there, there is still movement, even of progression and change. It may not be the change we seek, but it is there...as is she.
6077 - Within the Depths has been placed on the Alzheimer's Art Quilt Initiative website and has been priced by AAQI at $80.
Please consider buying this quilt as what it truly is...a 100% donation to fund Alzheimer's research. And when you view it on the website, remember it as not as dark as it may first appear on their site. That which is truly real, always contains that which is filled with light.
My mother also has Alzheimer's and I understand how hard that is to deal with. She doesn't know me and when I visit she often tells me thanks for coming and dismisses me as if to say it is too difficult for her to look at me and not know who I am.
I also sent an art quilt in but haven't had it posted yet. What a wonderful idea this project is.
I believe you touched God's heart and His understanding with this. Mysteries are revealed in tiny bits and pieces.
Michele, you do such wonderfully thoughtful posts. I love your definition of an art quilt. It's precisely why I consider nearly all of my quilts art quilts, whether or not they meet the criteria of jurors or judges or other artists.
It's an amazing work of art. The metellic beads do brighten up the whole quilt.
A beautiful piece, Michelle. The quilt and the post exemplify the light and dark. Blessings to you and your mother and your journey.
Your wonderful quilt just sold! Thank you so much for making it. You are such a wonderful supporter of what we are trying to do and you speak so eloquently to the world about this disease. Thank you for all you do to encourage others to pick up a needle and thread and work towards a cure.
I was so thrilled to read that your beautiful quilt had sold - How wonderful- I hope who ever bought it got to read this moving post that shares your quilting journey.
You always write so beautifully and eloquently.
Congratulations Michele. It is beautiful.
I'm happy your little quilt sold so quickly. I would have happily added that one to my personal collection if I felt we were in a position to do so.
"Within the Depths" arrived safely on Wednesday and is gracing a wall in my Nebraska barn-home. I have read your blog regularly for a few months and jumped on the chance to have one of your art quilts as they have way more Pizzazz!! than my more traditional ones. Thank you for sharing your struggles and joys.
Even as a teenager, I had elderly friends and was aware of aging issues. Though I haven't been physically close enough to participate in my dad's two sisters Alzheimers journeys, I'm now experiencing some of the ups and downs of a current church friend and will be sure to show the quilt to her.


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FBI Busts $1.2 Billion Silk Road Illegal Online Marketplace with Ties to Austin
October 4, 2013 by lalorek Leave a Comment
By LAURA LOREK
Founder of Silicon Hills News
Ross William Ulbricht, alleged mastermind behind Silk Road, an illegal online marketplace for drugs, hacking software, forgeries and hit men. Photo from Ulbricht's LinkedIn Profile.
The crazy tale of Ross William Ulbricht, also known as "Dread Pirate Roberts," after a masked fictional character in the movie "The Princess Bride," sounds like a HBO series on a renegade Internet entrepreneur gone wrong.
Ulbricht, 29, allegedly operated the Silk Road, a sprawling $1.2 billion black-market bazaar for drugs, computer hacking software, forgeries and hit man services. He founded the site, programmed its features and oversaw its operations on a daily basis, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigations.
The FBI arrested Ulbricht earlier this week on charges of narcotics trafficking, computer hacking and money laundering, according to a sealed criminal complaint by Christopher Tarbell, FBI special agent.
A Native of Austin
Ulbricht, who grew up in Austin and graduated from Westlake High School in 2002, is now in jail in San Francisco facing charges that carry several hundred years of jail time.
The FBI arrested Ulbricht for owning and operating the underground website known as "Silk Road," which provided a platform to sell heroin, cocaine, LSD and Methamphetamines. Ulbricht, under an alias "altoid" allegedly called the site "an anonymous Amazon.com."
The complaint also alleges that the Silk Road provided a platform to trade "malicious software designed for computer hacking, such as password stealers, keyloggers, and remote access tools." It also traded in other illicit goods and services through a payment system based on Bitcoins, an unregulated digital currency.
The FBI alleges that Ulbricht added a Bitcoin "tumbler" to the Silk Road payment system to "ensure that illegal transactions conducted on the site could not be traced to individual users."
The two-year investigation of Silk Road, headed up by FBI Special Agent Tarbell, also involved agents of the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Internal Revenue Service, and Homeland Security Investigations.
So who is Ulbricht?
Ulbricht's Facebook page reveals that he liked beer pong and crazy hat parties. He enjoyed movies like The Matrix, Office Space, Time Bandits and Lord of the Rings. His favorite books included Be Here Now, Hyperion, The Power of Now and Shogun.
His interests spanned money, partying, yoga, dancing, drumming and strength training.
He also focused on entrepreneurship and participated in a 3 Day Startup program in 2010. His LinkedIn profile listed his occupation as an "investment adviser and entrepreneur" based in Austin.
But the FBI alleges that starting in January of 2011 through September of this year, Ulbricht ran a global platform for drug dealers to sell controlled substances online.
And the plot deepened even further this year when Ulbricht allegedly "solicited a Silk Road user to execute a murder-for-hire of another Silk Road user, who was threatening to release the identities of thousands of users of the site," according to the complaint.
The Silk Road operated on the "the onion router" or "tor" network, which provides anonymity to users.
"Based on my training and experience, Silk Road has emerged as the most sophisticated and extensive criminal marketplace on the Internet today," according to Tarbell. "Silk Road has been used by several thousand drug dealers and other unlawful vendors to distribute hundreds of kilograms of illegal drugs and other illicit goods and services to well over a hundred thousand buyers, and to launder hundreds of millions of dollars deriving from these unlawful transactions."
All transactions took place using Bitcoins
The site generated more than 9.5 million Bitcoins and collected 600,000 in Bitcoin commissions, equivalent to about $1.2 billion in sales and $80 million in commissions, according to Tarbell.
As of Sept. 23, the Silk Road had 13,000 items listed for sale under categories such as "cannabis," "dissociatives," "Ecstasy," "Psychedelics," and "Stimulants." The items were sold in individual dosages and bulk orders.
During its investigation, law enforcement agents purchased more than 100 items of controlled substances such as cocaine, heroin, LSD and more from sellers on the Silk Road.
The Silk Road charged a commission, ranging from 8 percent to 15 percent, for every transaction on its site.
Hiring Hitmen
Tarbell also reported that Ulbricht took "it upon himself to police threats to the site from scammers and extortionists, and has demonstrated a willingness to use violence in doing so."
In a second criminal complaint from the state of Maryland listed on the Baltimore Sun's website, Ulbricht is alleged to have hired a hitman to kill an employee who he thought was stealing from Silk Road. He allegedly paid $80,000 to an undercover cop to execute the employee in January of 2013.
And in another case of hitman for hire a few months later, Tarbell outlines how Ulbricht allegedly sent messages to have a Silk Road user in Canada with a wife and three kids, named "FriendlyChemist," killed for $150,000 or 1,670 bitcoins. The guy was trying to extort Ulbricht for $500,000 or else he would release the names and addresses of Silk Road users.
Ross Ulbricht, photo from Twitter
Ulbricht struck a deal with a user called "redandwhite." After receiving his payment, that user messaged Ulbricht stating, "Your problem has been taken care of…. Rest easy though, because he won't be blackmailing anyone again. Ever." The user provided pictures to Ulbricht of the alleged dead body of the victim, but the police have been unable to find any record of a homicide occurring in White Rock, British Columbia on or about March 31, when this incident allegedly took place.
How did Ulbricht end up in jail?
He graduated from the University of Texas at Dallas with a Bachelor of Science degree in physics in 2006, according to his LinkedIn profile. Then he attended graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania School of Materials Science and Engineering.
On his LinkedIn profile, Ulbricht states that his goals shifted since graduate school and that he was focused on "creating an economic simulation" designed to "give people a first-hand experience of what it would be like to live in a world without the systemic use of force" by "institutions and governments."
Tarbell believed that system to be Silk Road. He also reported that Ulbricht, under the alias "altoid" posted on different online forums to market Silk Road.
The Social Media Trail
The FBI heavily relied upon social media sites like LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter and Google + to put together a profile of Ulbricht and link him back to Silk Road. For example, Ulbricht's Google + profile listed his favorite YouTube videos, which included a number originating from Mises.org, the website of the Mises Institute, the world center of the Austrian School of Economics.
Ulbricht, under the alias DPR, had cited the "Austrian Economic theory" and the work of Ludwig von Mises and Murray Rothbard – economists closely associated with the "Misus Institute" as providing the philosophical underpinnings for Silk Road.
Ulbricht's best friend is Rene Pinnell, founder of Hurricane Party and Forecast in Austin, which shut down in July of 2012. Pinnell moved to San Francisco shortly after that. Ulbricht was living at his parents house in Austin and moved shortly after that to join Pinnell in San Francisco.
In its complaint, the FBI reported that Ulbricht lived for a while with a friend who moved to San Francisco in September of 2012. That friend is believed to be Pinnell. They also made a YouTube video together interviewing each other for Story Corps, according to a posting on Pinnell's personal website. The video shows Pinnell and Ulbricht in split screen talking about moving out to San Francisco, school friends, work, women and other interests. The two have known each other since sixth grade at West Ridge Middle School.
Josh, Frosty and other Aliases
In July of 2013, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection intercepted a package from Canada that contained nine counterfeit identity documents. Agents then visited Ulbricht at his house on 15th Street in San Francisco where he sublet a room for $1,000 monthly, which he paid in cash. He provided them with a copy of his real Texas driver's license and said that his two other housemates currently only knew him by the fake name "Josh."
He told the agents that "hypothetically anyone could go onto a website named "Silk Road" on "Tor" and purchase any drugs or fake identity documents the person wanted."
"The agents also spoke with one of Ulbricht's housemates at the address, who state that Ulbricht, whom he knew as "Josh," was always home in his room on the computer."
Tarbell concluded in his investigation that Ulbricht was stocking up on fake identities so he could rent multiple servers from hosting companies under false identities.
Ulbricht also used the alias "Frosty" posting in computer coding forums for help on programming his illegal underground website.
So how did a kid, who liked cliff jumping and snowboarding and grew up in Austin, got advanced degrees and studied to be an entrepreneur, go down such a bad path? That's something that only Ulbricht knows. But one thing is for sure, this Silk Road didn't lead to riches and the good life, but to the inside of a dingy jail cell. And if convicted, Ulbricht, a bright kid with so much promise, faces the possibility of spending the rest of his life in prison.
At a hearing on Friday, Ulbricht's lawyer denied all charges including that Ulbricht ran the Silk Road website, according to the Los Angeles Times.
Filed Under: Austin Tagged With: Austin, drugs, FBI, hacking software, illegal goods and services, marketplace, Ross William Ulbricht, San Francisco, Silk Road, technology, Texas


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When Military Wages Peace: Military Bands in Diplomacy, War & Statecraft
Saad S. Khan (Author)
This book is the first ever endeavour of its kind to introduce the importance of Military Bands in the public and private lives of humankind, in State government, and in international relations including war and peace. The term 'Military Band', which is erroneously taken to mean Bands held by the armed forces, has a much broader meaning that includes, but is in no way limited to, the defence forces' bands. Every Band, using brass or woodwind instruments, within the military or without, is known as a 'Military Band'. This term is more current in the South Asian context while the Western usage, it may be called a 'Concert Band'.
The present work unearths the enigma behind the Bands, brings home their essentiality in national life and explores the majesty that the Bands bring to presidential inaugurations and street fairs and to battlegrounds and sports field alike. Finally, the book muses on the future role of Military Bands for conflict resolution and for promotion of peace in general.
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Title When Military Wages Peace: Military Bands in Diplomacy, War & Statecraft
Author Saad S. Khan
Publisher Pentagon Press
length 314p.
Subjects Social Sciences > Politics & Government


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Origin of life oparin download free
The oparinhaldane theory of the origin of life according to their theory, life evolved in the oceans during a period when the atmosphere was reducing containing h 2, h 2 o, nh 3, ch 4, and co 2, but no free o 2. Oparin in the 1920s was part of a darwinian framework that assumed that living organisms were the historical outcome of a gradual transformation. Ppt origin of life powerpoint presentation free to. Every man, whatever his stage of development, has, consciously or unconsciously, put this question to himself and found some sort of answer to it, for without some such answer.
Oparin and haldane proposed that life originated from preexisting nonorganic molecules and the diverse organic molecules were formed from these inorganic constituents by chemical evolution. Oparin more than 75years ago, about omega b 22 pdf the. The atmosphere was oxygen free, and the combination of carbon dioxide, ammonia and ultraviolet radiation gave rise to a host of organic compounds. So the consensus is that only after the late heavy bombardment was earth kind of ready for life. Origin of life simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Darwins theory, modern synthesis theory of evolution, geological time scale.
This paper presents ideas on the origin of life as studied by buffon 17071788, lamarck 17441829, darwin 18091882, huxley 18251895, oparin 18941980 and haldane 18921964. Oparin, the father and founder of the study of the origins of life, proposed over 50 years ago that modern biological molecules had abidogical origins in the past, thus the beginning of life on earth was preceded by a long period of abiogenic molecular evolution. The russian scientist alexander ivanovich oparin 1924 and british scientist j. Aleksandr ivanovich oparin the origin of life 1952, dover pubns. Oparinhaldane theory is also called chemical theory or naturalistic theory. Haldanes ideas about the origin of life were very similar to oparin s. The book contains six chapters and begins with a brief history of attempts. Purchase the origin of life on the earth 1st edition. In the long essay here examined, the soviet biochemist a. Hypotheses about the origins of life article khan academy. Origin of life oparin pdf origin of life oparin pdf origin of life oparin pdf download. Later, in the year 1936, oparin published his views in his book, the origin of life.
Biochemical origin of life or oparin and haldane theory. Many theories on origin of life at the end of the xixth century and the beginning of the xxth, generally use conceptions of life instead of explicit definitions of life. Oparin in 1923 and later supported by english scientist j. Goethe the theory of spontaneous generation ever since he took the first steps towards a conscious life, man has tried to solve the problems of cosmogony.
Abiogenesis, or informally the origin of life, is the natural process by which life has arisen from nonliving matter, such as simple organic compounds. The origin of life on earth could have resulted from asteroid impacts, carrying life forms and molecules from far away planets and even from different solar systems figure 4. Oparin elaborated and proposed in a coherent and exhaustive way the three main historical phases characterising the origin of life on. This book addresses the question of how life may have arisen on earth, in the spirit of an intriguing detective story. High temperature, lightening and solar radiations provided energy required for chemical reactions.
Haldane also suggested that the earths prebiotic oceans, which were very different from what oceans are now, would have formed a hot dilute soup. The first scientific account of the biochemical origin of life was given by a russian biochemist, aleksander i. The oparin haldane hypothesis suggests that life might have evolved from nonliving matter in a reducing early atmosphere. Origin of life 1 origin of life 2 early earth landscape 3 early earth landscape 4 history of the earth. Springer nature is making coronavirus research free. Here, let us know in brief about the origin of life on earth. One of his ideas was that oxygen would tend to destroy organic molecules essential for the evolution of early life. He also studied the biochemistry of material processing by plants and enzyme reactions in plant cells. Abiogenesis, the idea that life arose from nonlife more than 3. It relies on the methods of sherlock holmes, in particular his principle that one should use the most paradoxical features of a case to crack it. We do not know how this early form came about, but scientists think it was a natural process which took place perhaps 3,900 million years ago. Abiogenesis, the theory that life evolved from nonliving chemical systems, replaced spontaneous generation as the leading theory for the origin of life.
Theories of the origin of life, early earth, modern self assembly theories, oparin haldane theory of chemical evolution of life. While the details of this process are still unknown, the prevailing scientific hypothesis is that the transition from nonliving to living entities was not a single event, but an evolutionary. Alexander ivanovich oparin 18941980 was a soviet biochemist who was famous for his studies of the origin of life. Even if the latter stages of mans history were due to natural causes, pride clung to a supernatural, or at least suprising, mode of origin for his ultimate ancestors. According to this theory, life originated from nonliving matter, some three billion years ago, in a primitive atmosphere, through a process of chemical evolution. Describe oparin haldane theory of chemical origin of life. Read the origin of life online, read in mobile or kindle. Biogenesis, in which life is derived from the reproduction of other life, was presumably preceded by abiogenesis. Origin of life class 12 biology this lecture explains how life is originated in planet earth early in the ocean.
Origin of life class 12 biology cbse biology for neet. Alexander oparin download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Roughly based on a pamphlet he published in 1924, this book is an enormous contribution to our understanding of life s. Since the theories posited by oparin and haldane were developed independently but simultaneously, and reached the same conclusions, the primordial soup theory is also called the oparin haldane hypothesis.
Haldane 1929 proposed the theory of chemical evolution of life. Oparin, in 1924 and successively by an english biologist, j. Haldane proposed that the primordial sea served as a vast chemical laboratory powered by solar energy. Publication date 1957 topics life origin, matter properties, chemistry, physical and theoretical. The conditions and the forms of life on earth were entirely different from what we see today. Origin of life oparin pdf also the most interesting of these is that of the origin olympus exera ii pdf of life. This lecture explains the idea of oparin and haldane and then also states the. The currently most excepted theory is oparin s theory, which states that the origin of life on earth was in nonliving chemical substances which spontaneously formed in earths early atmosphere and combined to make more complex chemicals until living cells were formed. The origin of life on earth is a scientific problem which is not yet solved. Pdf evolution of first life without oparin primordial soup theory. For a long time i have been greatly intrigued by the question as to how life on earth began and for more than fifteen years have been actively engaged in searching for a solution of the problem which has stirred me so deeply.
Recent theory of nick lane origin o of life at a special kind of. Haldane 18921964 was born in england but migrated to india in july 1957 and settled in bhubaneswar, orissa. Apr 21, 2018 origin of life class 12 biology this lecture explains how life is originated in planet earth early in the ocean. Everything evolved from one form to another for a better chance of survival. Alexander oparin simple english wikipedia, the free. They believed that organic molecules could be formed from abiogenic materials in the presence of an external energy source and that the primitive atmosphere was reducing and contained. Origin of life and definition of life, from buffon to oparin. And when we talk about life at this period, were not talking about squirrels or panda bears. The origin of life on earth theories and explanations. High temperature, lightening and solar radiations provided energy required for. Oparin and haladine theory of evolution the cosmo conscious.
Oparin haldane theory is also called chemical theory or naturalistic theory. The origin of life on the earth 1st edition elsevier. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. He published his book the origin of life in 1936 and an english edition in 1938. Experimental evidence in support of oparins proposal of chemical evolution. Spontaneous generation of life in primitive atmosphere. A cosmic perspective presents an overview of the concepts, methods, and theories of astrobiology and origins of life research while presenting a summary of the latest findings. Haldane and oparin theorized that a soup of organic molecules on ancient earth was the source of life s building blocks. Life originated in water bodies by chemical evolution. How many ways to arrange 100 amino acids, 5 of each type. Get your kindle here, or download a free kindle reading app. Biology is brought to you with support from the amgen foundation. It is not known how this early life form evolved, but scientists think it was a natural process which happened about 3,900 million years ago. Origin of life proceedings of the third issol meeting.
Download the origin of life ebook free in pdf and epub format. The correct answer is c life developed through various physical, chemical and biological processes over billions of years. A planet with poisonous gases in the air, no soil and a hot sea. Genesis and evolutionary development of life discusses the present state of thought on the origin and development of life. Pdf the origin of life download full pdf book download. Aleksandr ivanovich oparin the origin of life 1952. The origin of life is a longstanding and controversial subject concerned with how the first known singlecell organisms called prokaryotes probably originated in the archean period 42. The question of the emergence of life, of the origin on the earth of the first living things, raises a number of important and fundamental problems of natural philosophy. The questions oparin raised way back when are debated in the pages of nature today. This symposium brings together numerous scientific studies on the evolutionary principles and the different stages in the evolutionary development of matter. In 1957, a large international meeting attended by miller was held in moscow to discuss the origin of life, the proceedings of which make it clear that oparin s book had had a profound influence. Origin of life begins with the origin of the universe.
The murchison meteorite carbonaceous chondrite, that came down in 1969 in australia, demonstrates the validity of such a type of interplanetary transportation mechanism. Nov 21, 2012 in 1957, a large international meeting attended by miller was held in moscow to discuss the origin of life, the proceedings of which make it clear that oparin s book had had a profound influence. Haldane and aleksandr oparin independently set forth similar ideas concerning the conditions required for the origin of life on earth. In evolutionary biology, the phrase origin of life refers to the first appearance of. Four and a half billion years ago, the young earth was a hellish placea seething chaos of meteorite impacts, volcanoes belching noxious gases, and lightning flashing. This theory was proposed independently by two scientists a. Foundations to chemistry adapted from chemistry, matter. Haldanes ideas about the origin of life were very similar to oparins. While the details of this process are still unknown, the prevailing scientific hypothesis is that the transition from nonliving to living entities was not a single event, but an evolutionary process of increasing complexity that involved.
Roughly based on a pamphlet he published in 1924, this book is an enormous contribution to our under standing of lifes improbable beginnings. The origin of life available for download and read online in other formats. The book provides insight into the environments and processes that gave birth to life on our planet, which naturally informs our assessment of the probability that has arisen or will. The oparin haldane hypothesis, millerurey experiment, and rna world. In lieu of an abstract, this is the articles first page. The dover text, which i ordered, came out in 1958 and is a complete reproduction of the macmillan 1938 edition. Pdf oparin theory also known as oparin handle theory states that. This hypothesis for the origin of life was termed as biopoiesis by j.
Abiogenesis proposes that the first life forms generated were simple and gradually became increasingly complex. The nal point above, that of panspermia, transporting life through space, merits a few remarks. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. February 18 1894 april 21, 1980 was a soviet biochemist notable for his theories about the origin of life, and for his book the origin of life. Roughly based on a pamphlet he published in 1924, this book is an enormous contribution to our under standing of life s improbable beginnings. The origin of life on the earth covers the proceedings of the first international symposium of the origin of life on the earth, held at moscow on august 1924, 1957. There are plenty of ideas, but few clear facts it is generally agreed that all life today evolved by common descent from a single primitive lifeform. There are many ideas, but few clear facts most experts agree that all life today evolved by common descent from a single primitive lifeform. The origin of life on the earth by oparin, aleksandr ivanovich, 18941980. The soviet biochemists answer is his book the origin of life 1936. Origin of life class 12 biology cbse biology for neet exam. Aleksandr ivanovich oparin the origin of life 1952, dover pubns by a. Many modern theories of the origin of life still take oparin s ideas as a starting point.
Alexander ivanovich oparin uglich, russia, 2 march o. According this theory, origin of life on earth is the result of a slow and gradual process of chemical evolution that probably occurred about 3. Alexander oparin s origin of life came out in russian in 1936, translated and published in english by macmillan in 1938. Chemical origin of life definition, examples, diagrams. State two postulates of oparin and haldane with reference to origin of life. The concept of a biochemical origin of life was first proposed by russian biochemist a. To study the origin of life, synthetic biologists construct simple protocells, but previous models were not able to re. In this influential work, he asserts that biogenesis seems to be a reasonably consistent biological necessity, adding that life has neither arisen spontaneously nor has it existed eternally. State two postulates of oparin and haldane with reference. Oparin argued that a primeval soup of organic molecules could be created in. Notes on modern theory of origin of life grade 11 biology. The origin of life is a scientific problem which is not yet solved.
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