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Home Genetics E1b1 Genetics speaks – Who is who on Balkans
E1b1
I2a1
Sarmatians
When it comes to genes one thing is certain – it is every man for himself. There is no such thing as a genetically pure nation. However, certain patterns appear when we trace the haplogroups of the Y chromosome. Recently I came across a very interesting chart of haplogroups in European countries and I would like to share it here with you. Note that I am by no means an expert in genetics but luckily this chart is simplified enough and quite easy to understand.
The full chart, as well as the list of all the sources used to compose it, can be found at the following link: ydna.eu
But before you check out the page, let me give you the basics of how it works. Haplogroups are divided by the most common ethnicities in which they are present today (simplified). Also, they are divided by the age in which they appear on the world stage: Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age.
I2a2 haplogroup
The beauty of this chart is that just like in an Excel spreadsheet, you can sort all the data by columns. So let's see what happens when we sort it by the I2a2, Dinaric, Danubian genes of Mesolithic Europe.
As you can see, our top 10 list would look something like this: 1. Bosnia 2. Sardinia 3. Croatia 4. Serbia 5. Montenegro 6. Romania 7. Macedonia 8. Moldova 9. Slovenia 10. Bulgaria
If you are surprised to see Sardinia here, you can read on some possible connections in my article: Bes, Egyptian God that is not Egyptian
As for the rest of the list, we can clearly see that this Mesolithic, Dinaric and Danubian haplogroup is still quite present in modern-day Balkans. There can be two logical explanations for this:
Modern Balkan nations are direct descendants of the tribes of Mesolithic Europe (Bosnia has whopping 55-71 of I2a2)
Slavs absorbed local population in the VI century AD when, according to some, they had settled on Balkans for the first time.
R1a haplogroup
However, there are a few issues with the second option. "Slavic haplogroup" R1a appears in the Bronze age and comes from Yamna culture of modern Ukraine. It was the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes brought it to Europe. Today it is clearly dominant in countries like Poland, Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. But even though it is a second dominant haplogroup with Southern Slavs, it is still not so significant. You will see Balkan countries quite further down on this list.
One logical explanation for this could be that in the VI century AD a small group of Slavs mixed with the largely indigenous population of Balkans. Slavs influenced them with culture and language to the point that just a few centuries later, when Old Church Slavonic language has been institutionalized, there were literally no traces of these ancient cultures left.
We do know from Byzanthian chronicles that once the Roman armies had retreated from Balkans the land was quite empty and desolate, that is why Heraclius allows Serbs to settle here. This theory could somehow explain the easy takeover of the Slavic language, but not the dominant I2a2 presence in Serbs!
So we come to the second important component, the language. But the problem here is that we do not know where the Slavic language first originated. You see, according to the mainstream theory, the answer is pretty much – nowhere! (?) Let me illustrate what I mean by that:
It is not East (officially). Scythians and Sarmatians had spoken an Iranian language, closest to the modern-day Ossetian – Iron language!
It is not South. In the Balkans, indigenous tribes like Illyrians and Thracians had languages presumed to be totally different.
It is not North, as Northern Europe was the homeland of Celts and Gauls, not Slavs.
No theory (that I am aware of) explains how Slavic language could spread so quickly and so far, trough such a vast area occupied by modern Slavic nations today. Slavs are, as we just saw, genetically mainly descendants of Sarmatians in the North and East and indigenous tribes of lower Danube in the South.
The map of R1a migration bellow shows that one of the first and oldest migrations of R1a went from Ukraine to the lower Danube in 4200-3000BC. (click to enlarge)
R1a migration from Neolithic to the Bronze age
This is very interesting as in the period of this migration in lower Danube existed a highly developed civilization, known today as "Vinca culture" or "Old Europe", as labeled by famous Maria Gimbutas. Official dating of Vinca culture is from 5700BC to 4200BC. The later date is exactly the moment when Sarmatian tribes will appear according to the genetic map above.
Maria Gimbutas was surely not aware of this genetic study, she relied solely on results from archaeology. However, I doubt that this analysis would have been anything new to her, as she claimed that "Old Europe was invaded and destroyed by horse-riding pastoral nomads from the Pontic-Caspian steppe (the "Kurgan culture") who brought with them violence, patriarchy, and Indo-European languages."
As for the Indo-European languages, there are two main hypotheses, Anatolian and Steppe hypothesis. Whatever way you look at it, as far as Europe is concerned, Vinca culture is the epicenter of these two waves.
Two possible theories on the development of Indo-European language. Source here.
When Sarmatian nomads arrived, Vinca was a blooming civilization with its own language and (probably) the first writing system. Its people lived in cities and traded as far as Anatolia and the Middle East. Could this also be the place where Slavic language had developed?
In this case, we also have two possible scenarios:
People of Vinca had spoken some form of Proto-Slavic, that got developed and spread further with the arrival of Sarmatian tribes.
Sarmatians had spoken some form of Proto-Slavic (not Iranian) and they mixed it with the indigenous language of Vinca.
This theory is (of course) just hypothetical. However, it would provide for enough of a timeline for Slavic language to spread to all these areas where it is present today. We cannot be sure until (if ever) Vinca script gets deciphered. But as mentioned many times on this blog, almost all medieval Slavic sources do point to Balkans as the place where Slavs originated. Surely there had to be some reason for that.
E1b1b haplogroup
On the side note, some theories point to Albanians as the descendants of Illyrians. However, as you can check on the above list, the presence of I2a2 in their DNA is quite insignificant. This means that they are not an indigenous tribe, neither that they had mixed too much with the indigenous tribes at some later date.
Their most dominant haplogroup is E1b1b, which appears on Balkans later in Neolithic. It comes from Near East and North Africa. Together with J2, Bronze age Greco-Anatolian, Mesopotamian and Caucasian, they contribute to 50% of their DNA material. The other significant part goes to the mix of Celtic R1b and indigenous I2a2. So it seems that Albanians are indeed present on Balkans for a long time but as a mix of 4 different groups. Definitely not long enough to be the indigenous people.
As you can see, this is a really long and complex story. I am trying to keep these articles short and readable, but I do encourage you to make further research yourselves. Here are some good links to start with:
More on I2 haplogroup
More on R1a haplogroup
Y DNA maps
ilir December 2, 2015 At 9:36 pm
Peralla pa baza…. nuk ja vlen as ti lexosh eshte humbje kohe , meson vetem se ka edhe mashtrues te tille te historise…
Boban January 26, 2016 At 10:07 pm
Pozdrav. Pošto sam i ja krenuo da radim nešto slično ovom članku, možda mogu pomoći sa "malo" genetike, mislim da bi bilo vrlo produktivno i korisno. Čisto da upotpuni i zaokruži priču… a možda i nešto više!
Zoka Cerović May 27, 2017 At 5:51 pm
If you take a closer look look at the entire story about I2a haplogroup at Eupedia (which, by the way, is, in its greatest part, a product of author's imagination), you will notice that the "label" I2a in the chart does not stand for I2a2, but for I2a1 Dinaric. The explanation above the chart "I2a2: Dinaric, Danubian" is undoubtedly a mistake. This is also confirmed by the studies from which the data for the chart were obtained. For example, Mirabal et al. 2010. which provided the data for Montenegro. The haplogroup I2a2 is not a significant part of the Balkan populations gene pool (less than 2%).
If you are a from ex-Yugoslavia, I also suggest that you read a book called "Genetika, istorija i bajke" (available on the net). If nothing else, it will give you an unbiased, non-political perspective on the issue.
EXB July 2, 2017 At 8:40 pm
Thank you for this article which is a really nice introduction to this complex subject. It clearly shows that the only way the people of Balkans will begin to sort out their differences is ineed through science. However, this kind of research would have to be conducted with a much larger samples and scientists from different groups which would need to be supervised by a highly ethical, impartia and foreign institution in order to ensure full compliance with research ethics. Otherwise this whole line of investigation will become shamples as different ethnic groups will use science as they have history to support their twisted excuses for violance, domination and subjugation.
Martian December 5, 2017 At 10:16 pm
We are wery sorry that we came from mars and took over your lands! Hopefully they will figure out a way to make mars once again habitable so we Albanians can go back and you slavs don't have to try so hard to prove that you belong to Balkans not Karpathes! Greetings from Martians (Albanians whos DNA is completely diferent from what you have in your chart)
NA December 5, 2017 At 10:20 pm
That was not the point of this text. The E haplogroup is indeed what differentiate less than 50% of population, the other bigger half has the same genetics as the rest of Balkans.
Nothing Fail June 27, 2018 At 6:36 pm
Haplogroup E-v13 dissociated (formed) on the BaLKans around Thessaly and the Epirus about 9000 years ago. Haplogroup E is from Africa, but so are all haplogroups, as the DNA Adam was in Africa. The only other Y DNA haplogroup older than E-v13 is I2a1 which dissociated around the Danube delta in the previous smaller and lower Black Sea previous to the Flood about 14 000 years ago. Kosovars have 47% of E-v13 while Albanians have 27% and BuLGarians/ BuRGarians have 24% – it is the major haplogroup among those nations.
Goran Batovanja December 23, 2017 At 12:33 pm
You say : 'Thracians had languages which are presumed to be totally different' Well key Word here is : PRESUMED I ask : who presumed it? We, people of Balkan did not. I can give you list of 43 dictionaries who call Croatian (or Serbian, it is the same) Iliric language. Real name for our language is Iliric language. We call it by that name since allways.
ŽejDij July 13, 2018 At 2:57 am
It really is a tough one. I don't see anything that says the Illyrians could not have been slavs. We pretty much know what happens when a significant non slavic populace takes on a slavic language by looking at the grammar of the Bulgarian and Macedonia languages. It seems absurd that a mass populace of Balkan people took on a slavic language with such precision to have the Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian slavic languages. Either the Illyrians were slavic or there really was a mass migration. Those two opposite options seem the most likely to me.
Anna December 27, 2017 At 11:05 am
In Bulgaria we also speak a modern form of the Thracian language.
Davor January 2, 2018 At 12:20 am
For a while now I am entertaining the idea that Croatian/Serbian/Bosnian are actually not Slavic language but a variant of Illyrian. And that the Slavs are not speaking Slavic but variants of Illyrian that spread during christianization of Slavs. Old Church Slavonic was a version of Illyrian. Mainstream theory claims that Cyril and Methodius standardized a language that "slavic tribes living around Thessalonica" spoke (later called OCS) and invented a Glagolitic script for it and then translated the Bible into it in order to go a mission to Great Moravia. And all this during a half a year – year period which is ludicrous for a presumably unwritten tribal language consisting of a very complex grammatic and 7 cases.
My theory is that they were actually Illyrians so they just used their mother tongue and existing glagolitic script (not the one they invented – why should they invent an inferior looking script when they could simply modify latin or greek letters) and then went to Moravia. And they were chosen for this because Moravian were already christianized by missionaries from Italy and Illyrium so they already used Illyrian in processions.
It is interesting that for example that Emperor Justin I was of Illyrian or Thracian origin and the name he was given at birth was a "thracian name" Istok which means east on Croatian/Serbian/Bosnian.
The entire mainstream theory is full of holes and the idea that Slavs passed the entire Pannonia to invade and settle the Balkans which are a mountainous and difficult terrain and in the process literally genocided a quite warlike people (hints: Illyrian wars, Great Illyrian Revolt, Equites Dalmatae…) that were living there is for me completely ludicrous. Also Slavs are first mentioned using a Greek word for slaves… So many holes its incredible.
igor1235 February 21, 2018 At 9:15 pm
Slavs and Slave are two different words. Slavs are Slav nations, Slavs consisting of or in slovakian- sloven speach meaning word or glory. No way for slaves which is other value. Each of us could be slave.
Slaves comes from Sklaveni (Sclavus), which comes from the Greek kleos and Latin gloria, that is the Slavic slava (glory). Sklaveni most probably was the version the Romai (Byzantines) used for the previous Getae (Goths/ Gythones in Prussia, Gutsuls in Ukraine). The Sanskrit gayte, similar to Getae, means to praise, that is proSLAVyam in Sclavo=BuLGarian/ BuRGarian. At some point onviously the Roams started using sclavus (slaves in English) for subdued people. It has no other meaning in Greek or Latin. What is more the Slavic slava (glory) and slovo (word) come from the same Indo European root word klew (clue in English) meaning knowledge. .
Ilir Balaj. September 27, 2019 At 5:03 am
After the Germanic tribes living in eastern Germany and Poland, like the Goths, the Vandals and the Burgundians, invaded the Roman Empire, the Slavs living further east filled the vacuum. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476, the Slavs moved in the Dinaric Alps and the Balkans. By the 9th century, the Slavs occupied all modern Slavic-speaking territories, apart from the eastern Balkans under the control of the Turkic-speaking Bulgars.
Nowadays northern Slavic countries have between 9% (Poland, Czech republic) .A Serbi i ostali Balkanski Slaveni trebaju da znaju da pripadaju sub Kladi S17250 i L 142 koja je stara samo 1800 godina ,a V13 je staro 9000 hiljada godina i neprekidno zivjelo na tlu iliriskog poluostrva ,ovako kaze studija koja Autor artikla prestavio samo delimicno .
Puno pozdrava i razumjevanje .iz SAD.
Milan Todosijevic April 22, 2021 At 10:38 pm
Tell me again how I2a1b sub clade S17250 migrated in the 9th century? When I2a1b was one of the first groups to migrate to Europe. Haplotipi se stalno mutiraju to ne znaci da predhodni tipi nisu tu vec bili. A Slavski tip R1a se doselio preko Balkan 4300 BC. Svaka teoria o Doseljivanja Slava na Balkan u 6-9 vek pada u vodu. Pozdrav.
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_I2_Y-DNA.shtml
Cyril and Methodius with their students worked at the Polychron, Mysia in Asia Minor at the feel of Olumpus near Prusa (Bursa). How do you know Old Church Sclavonic was a version of Illyrian? Thechnically it must have been a Thracian. The Saloniki dialects are of the Rodope ones. Illyrians lived from Albania Northward. The region of Saloniki was settled by Thracian tribes.It is said it was the word of the Thracian Bessi from the Rodope Mountains (home of Orpheus) of Biblia Bessica which was used for the Old Church Sclavonic religious texts translation. The sources mentioning the Biblia Bessica are mentioned here: https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Библия_Бесика#cite_ref-3 Justinian was from the region of Macedonia. His name does not mean Iztok (East) but Istina (Justice, Truth). The word sclavus (slaves) does not mean anything else in Greek and Latin but subdued, servant, which means it is a loanword. Actually the Slavs were first known as Sklaveni who came from across the Danube together with Huns and BuLGars/ BuRGars. They most probably were the Getae (Goths/ Gythones in Prussia/ Gutsuls in Ukraine). Sklaveni, which the chroniclers used perhaps comes from the Greek kleos and Latin gloria – that is the Slavic slava (glory).
adri August 23, 2018 At 5:38 pm
I think that Glagolithic has some pre-Christian aspect Since the number characters were also letters, to me that is a form of rune past. Thus, it is old Slavic, or Illyrian origin. Also, in terms of the intermingling of culture, it is still common today in the era of nation-states. Compare the Pannonian basin or the Balkans to what life is like in the UK or US. Modern Balkan people and Hunarians, INCORPORATE family life. Languages mix. Give it enough time and the family language will have a core Croatian, Serbian, Albanian.. whatever.. but words will flow into the core from Italian, Spanish, English, making our new family members feel a part of the family identity. I think this is something that is maybe a clue to understanding how dialects and new identities developed without war or conquest, but through cooperation. I am from the Balkans and lived in Hungary and studied how the Magyars allowed local languages (mother tongue) to exist. Difference cultures (Avar vs. Magyar burial customs) coincided side by side for many years.. Through time, they integrated into a new Hungarian identity.
Aidan Adams December 8, 2018 At 5:50 am
I'm a complete nubie to this and wow. The complexities are mindboggling. What you said makes sense: "A clue to understanding how dialects and new identities developed without war or conquest, but through cooperation." I want to know more… Much more.
disgraced January 25, 2018 At 8:32 am
Goⲟd wɑy of describing, and nice article to get facts regarding my preѕentation subject matter, whiсh i am going to convey in university.
Nenad May 5, 2019 At 10:42 am
Slobodan Jarčević, Deretić, Slaviša K Miljković.
Sve je na Srbskom.
στεφάνη July 10, 2019 At 8:01 pm
Oni su šarlatani, zanesenjaci koji maštaju i nagađaju, bez ikakvog naučnog pristupa.
dyonisis_ann_leroy February 26, 2018 At 3:52 am
Kosovo has a high percentage because there has been a genetic drift there, so that should have been included into your analysis. Have you studied genetics or done proper research on this? (serious question, not trying to insult, I'm just curious).
Albanians in Albania, as you can see, has a more or less similar % of E-v13 to Greece. Why did you decide to pick Kosovo, which is known to have experienced a genetic drift?:/
E-v13 has been in Europe for at least 7000 years, confirmed by remains from a Neolithic site in Spain: http://www.pnas.org/content/108/45/18255.
It is generally assumed to have actually generated from Southeast Europe (the Balkans) given its low frequencies in the Levant: (search for E-V13) https://www.eupedia.com/genetics/spain_portugal_dna.shtml
It also very likely spread in the Levant and other former Greek colonies etc. by Greek colonizers since the populations where it is present used to be Greek colonies.
Anyway, nice website, and I understand this article was supposed to be short.
admin February 26, 2018 At 9:30 pm
Hello and thank you for your input. I agree about the genetic drift and have also read about the Neolithic E-v13 in Spain. Whether it came from Balkans or not it is debatable (could also be true). However, this haplogroup is the most dominant in Northern Africa and this is most likely the area where it originated. I did not pick Kosovo for any specific reason, just followed the chart given by Eupedia.
The fact haplogroup E is from Africa does not mean anything. All DNA can be traced back to Africa (the ape). E-v13 dissociated on the BaLKans, outside of Europe its numbers are very limited. In the Mid East and Africa they are different sub-groups of macro group E.
The Trypillian culture of Ukraine (the old RChinese" Ying Yang conception) shows there must have been a common culture in BuLGaria/ BuRGaria, Romania, Moldova and Ukraine which carriers must have been of the I2a1 and E-v13 haplogroups. At the same time, there are a great number of Pre-Greek toponyms and terms which have a very good explanation in Sclavo=BuLGarian/ BuRGarian. For example Olympus, which was previously called Olump/us/ or Oulump/us/ and in the Iliad – Belus. The Sclavic word lom-ati (dialectally in BuLGaria/ BuRGaria lum-ati), that is to break, is a good way to explain the broken rocks off the highest peaks of the mountain. Belus could be from the Sclaviv for white, BRiGht, noble – bel, which perhaps is in the names of the PELasgi (BELastsi?) and PELa (BELa?) (Alexander the Great s capital city).
sorab February 11, 2019 At 3:02 am
Maybe this article could shed some light – Genetics of Vinca https://www.poreklo.rs/2018/06/15/genetska-slika-lepenskog-vira-vince/
Vishnujana September 7, 2019 At 3:39 pm
Illyrians vanished before Albanians appeared from the Caucasus. Their language lacks coastal words meaning they are not from the region originally, although many Albanians are related to Greeks from Byzantine and antiquity-just like many Balkan peoples who had their borders artificially redrawn by the great powers. Otherwise all those areas would be part of Greece. They even called themselves Greeks in ottoman times (majority of south Balkan peoples).
The Byzantines (most of whom wrote and identified with the Hellenes(Greeks) and romans, were the most literate and prolific writers of their day and never do they mention Albanians. The last mention of Illyrians, Dacians, and Thracians were centuries before Ben the arrival of the slavs to the area.
Albanians aren't the first occupants of Albania. It is historically more connected with Greeks and Greece who heavily colonized the area from ancient times.
The overwhelming amount of mountaineering and shepherding vocabulary, coupled with the extensive influence of Latin makes it likely that the Albanians originated north of the Jireček Line, further north and inland than the current borders of Albania suggest.
Those latin words are connected to Eastern Romance languages aka Romania, and the other loan words come from Slav languages.*
Adding to this the several hundred words in Romanian that are cognate only with Albanian cognates (see Eastern Romance substratum), these scholars assume that Romanians and Albanians lived in close proximity at one time. The area where this might have happened is the Morava Valley in eastern Serbia.
Not much is left of the old Illyrian, Dacian or Thracian languages, which makes it difficult to match Albanian with them.
It is also uncertain whether Illyrians spoke a homogeneous language or rather a collection of different but related languages that were wrongly considered the same language by ancient writers. The Venetic tribes, formerly considered Illyrian, are no longer considered categorised with Illyrians. The same is sometimes said of the Thracian language. For example, based on the toponyms and other lexical items, Thracian and Dacian were probably different but related languages.
The theory of an Illyrian origin for the Albanians is weakened by a lack of any Albanian names before the 12th century and the relative absence of Greek influence that would surely be present if the Albanians inhabited their homeland continuously since ancient times. According to Georgiev if the Albanians originated near modern-day Albania, the number of Greek loanwords in the Albanian language should be higher.
Local or personal names considered Illyrian were not passed down to Albanian without interruption (for example Scodra > Shkodra, a loan from Latin, and various other toponyms and hydronyms in modern Albania such as Vlorë and Vjosë which are loans from Slavic).
Although some Albanian toponyms descend from Illyrian, Illyrian toponyms from antiquity have not changed according to the usual phonetic laws applying to the evolution of Albanian. Furthermore, placenames can be a special case and the Albanian language more generally has not been proven to be of Illyrian stock.***
Marine words in Albanian are borrowed from other languages also, suggesting that Albanians were not originally a coastal people like the illyrians.
*John Van Antwerp Fine (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. University of Michigan Press. pp. 10–12.
**Fine, JA. The Early medieval Balkans. Univ. of Michigan Press, 1991. p.11.
***Madgearu A, Gordon M. The wars of the Balkan peninsula. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. p.146.
Rani was the endonym used for Albanians when they first arrived in the Balkans in the 11-12th centuries by the Byzantine natives; The Georgians called the Caucasus Albanians Rani. Other people's names for them:
Greeks: Arvania
Romans: Albania
Armenians: Alvank
Arabs: Al-Aran
Parthians: Arthan/Aran
Persians: Arran
There is no mention of them previously nor of Illyrians who vanished long before by absorption into Greek and Latin peoples. This was around the time a famous Caucasian/Georgian-Albanian kingdom called Hereti/Rani fell and many Parthian words are to be found in Old Albanian-unlike Illyrian which isn't even around but the few words we have don't have a continual connection to Albania but came through Slav and Latin loan words. Their language is an amalgamation of many languages including Caucasian Albanian.
On top of that the romans never considered most of Albania part of their Praefectura Illyricum province but included in Praefectura Macedonia. Only the northern parts were part of Illyricum.
If Illyrians did survive then it's most likely their descendants are the Vlachs, a Romance language-speaking peoples spread throughout the Balkans (the Illyrians were assumed to have been latinisés by the romans; Vlach is closest to Romanian).
Two Austrian Viennese researchers also cast doubt about the connection between Albanians and Illyrians.
Matzinger points put that when the few surviving fragments of Illyrian and Albanian are compared, they have almost nothing in common.
"The two are opposites and cannot fit together," he says. "Albanian is not as the same as Illyrian from a linguistic point of view."
https://balkaninsight.com/2011/03/25/austrian-scholars-leave-albania-lost-for-words/
Just as Vardarska/Skopje/FYROM was called paeonia and was greek speaking for millennia many of whom are still there are slavo/bulgophones; After the Balkan wars the great powers wanted Macedonia divided evenly despite the majority Greek speakers, because they feared Greece would lead the Balkans to revive a new Byzantine empire as the greek secret societies discussed; Russians had similar ideas for an orthodox empire ruled from Constantinople Thracian dna is not really around; they have burial samples. Region is Southern Europe/Slav and a couple other things. Albanians came from the Caucasus in the last few hundred years; there is a region and people called Albanian there.
Skenderbeg, the so called father of Albania was in fact a Serbian noble, Skenderbegs father and brother are both interned at the Serbian Monastery in Hilandar Greece.
Maximelius Auerilus III December 3, 2019 At 11:02 am
Albanians claim to be "direct descendants of the Illyrians" in order to give themselves a more valid claim to the balkans; but as the GENETICS show, the Serbs actually have more dinaric and illyrian blood! Sneaky Albanians! Go back to the Caucasus where you can from!
Geneticist October 27, 2020 At 8:10 pm
Just to clarify the only haplogroup directly related to Illyrians is J2b2-L283. Have fun and take care!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Amidst the ongoing low-pay/no-pay debate I suddenly had a revelation – maybe it's fine that actors don't get paid – or directors, designers, producers or anyone making artistically fulfilling work. Now before I get hit by a barrage of anger and hate mail – just give me a chance to explain myself.
Don't get me wrong – I really care about fair pay for a fair days work. I've had bitter arguments with friends and producers about it, and probably burnt some professional bridges as a result, I've refused to make new work where my company can't pay people at least minimum wage – in fact I've been so worried about it we've only been able to make one show in the last two years and that was no fun at all because the pressure of the two years of fundraising, that was necessary to pay everyone, properly took all the joy out of the process. I've actually got to the stage of considering leaving the industry because the pressure of guilt surrounding money was so great it was all I could think of. The irony being that the one show my company runs which only goes from strength to strength is a monthly showcase for people to experiment with new work – which therefore isn't paid – which means it hasn't become a slave to a spreadsheet.
At the moment I'm currently in Buenos Aires, as part of a year in which I'm travelling to as many different international centres of theatre as I can to see how they do things. The first thing is that everyone – no matter where they are – believes there isn't enough money, audience or support. But that's by the by. What is interesting is that so far it's only in the UK that I've found people so readily aggrieved they're not getting paid to make work.
I shall use Buenos Aires as my example simply because I'm here now. The first thing that is radically different here to the UK is that there's only two types of work – commercial work, which makes money but has no artistic credibility, and fringe theatre – which is artistically credible but never really makes any money. This gives people a straight choice – pay or credibility. With such a stark contrast its easy for people to be happy with their choices. The issue for us in the UK is that thanks to the unique funding model – and existence of the subsidised sector – we actually do have rare examples of work which is both artistically credible and commercial – The Warhorses of this word – as well as non-commercially successful productions that non the less can pay due to the subsidy they receive. So if it's possible to be both financially successful and artistically credible why wouldn't we want to be? But as we all know this is only the rare minority of shows.
So if some people are getting paid to make credible work in the UK why shouldn't we all aspire to? Clearly – if someone offered me the opportunity to get paid for a show I thought would be artistically fulfilling as well, I clearly wouldn't say no. But I think the current obsession we have with fees and payment is in fact getting in the way of our creativity. To misquote Stephen Sondheim's Assassins – in a society where everyone can aspire to be the President – anyone who isn't will consider themselves a failure. So too in a system where everyone feels they have the right to get paid – everyone that doesn't (the vast majority) will feel like a failure too. Even if the work they are creating is justification enough for what they're doing. I know this is certainly the case with my own work. The constant sense of failure that I'm not able to either pay myself or the people working with me as much as I think we deserve, has definitely made me devalue what we're doing, and got in the way of the work we're making. I would go as far as to say anxiety over pay is the largest creative block I have as a theatre maker.
The recent high profile arguments about low-pay no-pay have been spurred on by the successful application of minimum wage legislation to Fringe theatre. As I argued here I think there is something very disingenuous about using this legislation to cover fringe theatre – it was clearly not what it was designed for. But recent test cases have indeed upheld it and Equity in their infinite wisdom have just put a large chunk of their resources into employing a full time member of staff to bring more cases of minimum wage infringement. However as long as a profit share project is actually being run by a collective – and that collective is properly constituted – there is no reason that it wouldn't be legal. Someone just needs to find a lawyer to come up with the right structure and contract – and once this happens this argument will dissolve. Though Equity will have spent tens of thousands of pounds pursuing it, bankrupting a few more theatre makers with successful cases along the way – and the industry as a whole will still have just as little money to pass around to its members, who will still be just as poor.
Historically the issue that we have is that – theatre used to pay better. We still run the industry as though the rep circuit was in existence, as though non-west end theatre made money and people entering the industry could hope for something approximating a 'normal' career by working in theatre. Non of these are the case any longer, not that you'd know it if you talked to any of the dinosaurs in Equity. The result is that the way we design rehearsal periods, performances and our own lives imagines a scenario where making theatre is a full time 9-5 job. So of course we need to get paid – how else are we going to pay the rent? Putting this into contrast – as far as I know in both North and South America it is never expected that if you make artistically credible work this will be your full time job – without needing to subsidise this through teaching or other paid employment. Again going back to Buenos Aires the standard practice is to rehearse a show for 2 nights a week for about 3 to 6 months, before performing it for one night a week for up to 2 years for a standard show or up to 5 years for a successful fringe show. The longest running fringe show in Buenos Aires is coming up to it's 25th year this year.
This mindset also makes us believe that someone somewhere is making money out of the projects we're involved in – so if we're not getting paid it's because we're being exploited by someone somewhere. Again this is a view heavily perpetuated by Equity who learned industrial relations in the 60's when the poor workforce (actors) were being exploited by the rich bosses (read producers) – the sad fact today is that on the fringe no one is able to make the money they're worth, venues are constantly on the point of financial collapse, producers are usually the last people to get paid, directors end up putting in their own money to subsidise productions and the cast are just as badly off as everyone else. This is why it's very comforting to have a bogey man. If there is indeed some fat producer in a pin-stripe suit and cigar steeling all the money from the poor starving artists – then the solution is easy – just attack the producers and then we'll all be able to get well paid for being creative and live happily ever after. If on the other hand that isn't the case – that in fact there just isn't enough money for us to make the quantity of work we do and get properly paid for it – then the future is far less rosy. It is easy to see why we'd prefer the bogey man option – but sadly on the fringe it just isn't the case.
One of the main reasons I think we shy away from accepting an unpaid industry model in the UK and that's the spectre of AmDram. Surely if we're happy to work a full time job and then create theatre on the side then we're 'no better' than AmDram performers. This is really nothing more than snobbery. Most people making theatre aren't getting paid. In that sense they're already AmDram. The difference is one of mindset. If the quality stands up then that's what matters – it doesn't matter to the art if anyone got paid. But this is a very strong prejudice in us and very difficult to change. It speaks to that moment of horror we all received at some point in our formative years as artists when someone, usually a parent or teacher, turned round and told us our ambition was a 'hobby not a job'. I remember my careers adviser at school, with a sneer I'll never forget, telling me that it was all very well if I wanted to paint at the weekend, but what was I going to do during the week to earn money. These comments hurt so much, not because they were saying you'll probably need to earn some money on the side of your art – which actually probably would have been good advice, but rather because what they were saying was your art is worthless, I don't value it, society doesn't value it, and really you shouldn't be doing it at all.
That is to say – creatives in both France and Germany get paid… why can't we? The model in both is very different to the UK. Within the UK there is a very low barrier to enter the industry. Basically anyone can put on a play. Back in the day that didn't used to be the case. The old 'closed shop' system where union membership was compulsory on productions meant unions could effectively control the size of the workforce. However since Thatcher abolished the closed shop system basically anyone can make a show. In a sense that is fantastic – it means anyone who wants to can make work. But it also means there is a pool of performers and creatives far larger than any subsidy could ever reasonably support. In both France and Germany entry into the industry is far more controlled. So in Germany for example there is a state funded regional theatre network and an official registry of artists (ZAV) that can only be entered by audition or attendance at a notoriously difficult to enter state theatre school. Thus by having less people and making less work there is a lot more money for the people who are left. We could do that in the UK. But it would mean the majority of us no longer being able to work in theatre at all, along side a massive reduction in the number of shows. And many would argue a massive knock on effect to the overall quality, experimentation and vibrancy of the scene.
So what am I actually arguing for? Do I think we don't need a subsidised sector? No not at all – we have the best quality theatre in the world thanks to it. Do I think we need less subsidy or should be happy with what we have? Again – hell no – like any industry we should fight for every single penny of support we can wring out of the government or anyone else. Indeed one of the reasons that I'm constantly so depressed by Equity is that if they spent even half the time they do on battering and criticising other members of industry representing the entire industry and battering government for more funding we'd be in a far better place.
So what is it then I am actually saying? I guess it's this. Let's carry on as we are – lets not let the lack of pay get in our way – and lets stop constantly beating ourselves up about it – both individually and as an industry. Lets not expect to be paid – as this will just lead us to being constantly disappointed when we're not – which in turn will effect our own self image and the work we make. Instead lets be grateful (and surprised) when we get paid work – but lets judge our own and others success on the artistic merit of what they're doing, not their pay cheque. This has obvious implications for how we work – we'll need to accept making theatre is something we do alongside a paid money job, which will effect the kind of show and rehearsal schedules we can run.
It is now fairly accepted that theatre companies need a mixed revenue stream – commercial work and teaching to bring in the money, and creative work to make it all worth while. Why can't we treat ourselves the same. It should be accepted, and more importantly respected, that everyone should have a personal mixed economy – commercial non-theatre work to pay the bills and artistic work to make being alive feel worthwhile. This is already the case for most of us – and yet it always feels like an admission of failure that we're not working full time in theatre. I think it's time to remove that stigma and just accept that this is how the theatre industry is going to work from now on. What I don't think ACE, Equity and the Stage realise is that every time they launch a new assault on low-pay no-pay work, they make all of us making work for low-pay no-pay feel like failures. I think it's time to stop beating ourselves up over the lack of money and start caring about making outstanding work instead.
UPDATE – so about half an hour after publishing this article I was contacted by Equity's Low Pay / No Pay officer to suggest we should have a chat in person – here is the summary of what we discussed.
Up-paid jobs should be a thing of the past.. I understand that producers or new companies don't have the funds, If so then they should not start the project in the first place until they have the funds to pay everyone. If started a bakery, I would not expect to employ people to work for me for free. I would raise the funds and make sure my business plan with correct.
Its the way to go.
I have been an advocate for making work for no pay for a long time – I think artists who are willing to do it without being paid are often the most driven, passionate and determined of all, and through being this, they're also often the best. truly new, original work will rarely be eligible for funds up front – and sometimes work might even be ahead of it's time. this is a "larger scale" perspective that obviously doesn't pay the bills, but it does get you out of bed in the morning if you are a true artist. Having said that, there are many positions in the art world that aren't one of an artist but that of an enabler, or an ant in a bigger system, being part of realising someone else's vision, and this does encompass most people. when it's not your own personal work, it can be very degrading to not be paid and it seems to me like these people are the ones that this debate is about. My own experience (in devising theatre) is that unpaid creation can pay off in touring and commission and contacts made on the back of proving quality through putting your work out there initially for free. but not everyone works this way. I have thought that it's any artists choice if they're willing to do something for free, and it puts an artist to the test when they have to go and get a day job – many young artists fantasise and romanticise the " struggling artist" stereotype, but are not ready to face that struggle when it ends up being so dull and normal. I say make any and every effort to make ends meet and make work NO MATTER WHAT. paid or not paid, and if your work is good – credible or commercial or both – it will eventually get you the money.
Mime Fest: Eye watering ticket prices, hidden box office fees and the future of theatre.


Fame FX is the only self extending Sound FX package ever.
By purchasing Fame FX you will receive a personal PayPal number.
This number will get you heaps of new cutting edge elements without paying for it.
For every copy been sold we'll crank out additional workparts and Sound FX. Reaching the milestones below, you (as one of the first purchasers) will receive an email including an url and password for our secret download area. As earlier you buy the more you get.


text:
Goldenfire (The Darkhaven Novels, Book 2)
The Darkhaven Novels
A. F. E. SmithJan 2016
Sold by HarperCollins UK
$1.99 Ebook
In Darkhaven, peace doesn't last long.
Ayla Nightshade has ruled Darkhaven for three years since the tragedy that tore her family apart. She has left her father's cruel legacy behind and become a leader her people can believe in – or so she hopes.
Tomas Caraway is no longer disgraced; he's Captain of the Helm and the partner of the most powerful woman in Darkhaven. He will do everything to protect Ayla and their adopted son against all possible threats.
But protecting the Nightshade family is no easy task: a weapon has been discovered that is so deadly, it can kill even the powerful creatures they turn into.
A weapon that has fallen into the hands of an assassin who will stop at nothing to see Ayla dead.
A.F.E. Smith is an editor of academic texts by day and a fantasy writer by night. She lives with her husband and their two young children in a house that was apparently built to be as creaky as possible. She can be found on Twitter @afesmith
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Continue the series
Windsinger (The Darkhaven Novels, Book 3)
The third instalment in the Darkhaven series.
Ayla Nightshade prepares to meet with the Kardise ambassador to sign a treaty between Mirrorvale and Sol Kardis. However, negotiations are halted as the ambassador is discovered dead in his chambers, poisoned by the same bottle of taransey he and Ayla had shared the night before.
Ayla has been framed for murder and the peace between two kingdoms is at stake. Tomas Caraway and his Helmsmen must rush to prove her innocence before war destroys all they have fought for.
Along the way they discover the plans for a Parovian airship, the Windsinger, which reveal a chamber designed for a special cargo: a living one.
Together Ayla and Tomas set out to uncover their real enemies – a search that will lead them closer to home than they ever anticipated.
Darkhaven (The Darkhaven Novels, Book 1)
Ayla Nightshade never wanted to rule Darkhaven.
Yet her half-brother Myrren hasn't inherited the family's ability to shapeshift, so their father, Florentyn, forces Ayla to take over as heir to the throne.
When Ayla is accused of Florentyn's brutal murder only Myrren believes her innocent and aids her escape. A fugitive from her own guard, Ayla must now fight to clear her name if she is ever to wear the crown she never wanted and be allowed to return to the home she has always loved.
But does something more sinister than the power to shapeshift lie at the heart of the Nightshade family line?
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Dawnshard: From the Stormlight Archive
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When a ghost ship is discovered, its crew presumed dead after trying to reach the storm-shrouded island Akinah, Navani Kholin must send an expedition to make sure the island hasn't fallen into enemy hands. Knights Radiant who fly too near find their Stormlight suddenly drained, so the voyage must be by sea.
Shipowner Rysn Ftori lost the use of her legs but gained the companionship of Chiri-Chiri, a Stormlight-ingesting winged larkin, a species once thought extinct. Now Rysn's pet is ill, and any hope for Chiri-Chiri's recovery can be found only at the ancestral home of the larkin: Akinah. With the help of Lopen, the formerly one-armed Windrunner, Rysn must accept Navani's quest and sail into the perilous storm from which no one has returned alive. If the crew cannot uncover the secrets of the hidden island city before the wrath of its ancient guardians falls upon them, the fate of Roshar and the entire Cosmere hangs in the balance.
A PBS Great American Read Top 100 Pick
With extraordinary relevance and renewed popularity, George Orwell's 1984 takes on new life in this edition.
"Orwell saw, to his credit, that the act of falsifying reality is only secondarily a way of changing perceptions. It is, above all, a way of asserting power."—The New Yorker
In 1984, London is a grim city in the totalitarian state of Oceania where Big Brother is always watching you and the Thought Police can practically read your mind. Winston Smith is a man in grave danger for the simple reason that his memory still functions. Drawn into a forbidden love affair, Winston finds the courage to join a secret revolutionary organization called The Brotherhood, dedicated to the destruction of the Party. Together with his beloved Julia, he hazards his life in a deadly match against the powers that be.
Lionel Trilling said of Orwell's masterpiece, "1984 is a profound, terrifying, and wholly fascinating book. It is a fantasy of the political future, and like any such fantasy, serves its author as a magnifying device for an examination of the present." Though the year 1984 now exists in the past, Orwell's novel remains an urgent call for the individual willing to speak truth to power.
Dune: Volume 1
SOON TO BE A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE directed by Denis Villeneuve, starring Timothée Chalamet, Josh Brolin, Jason Momoa, Zendaya, Rebecca Ferguson, Oscar Isaac, Javier Bardem, Dave Bautista, Stellan Skarsgård, and Charlotte Rampling.
Frank Herbert's classic masterpiece—a triumph of the imagination and one of the bestselling science fiction novels of all time.
Set on the desert planet Arrakis, Dune is the story of the boy Paul Atreides, heir to a noble family tasked with ruling an inhospitable world where the only thing of value is the "spice" melange, a drug capable of extending life and enhancing consciousness. Coveted across the known universe, melange is a prize worth killing for....
When House Atreides is betrayed, the destruction of Paul's family will set the boy on a journey toward a destiny greater than he could ever have imagined. And as he evolves into the mysterious man known as Muad'Dib, he will bring to fruition humankind's most ancient and unattainable dream.
A stunning blend of adventure and mysticism, environmentalism and politics, Dune won the first Nebula Award, shared the Hugo Award, and formed the basis of what is undoubtedly the grandest epic in science fiction.
'Salem's Lot
Stephen King's second novel, the classic vampire bestseller 'SALEM'S LOT, tells the story of evil in small-town America. For the first time in a major trade edition, this terrifying novel is accompanied by previously unpublished material from King's archive, two short stories, and eerie photographs that bring King's fictional darkness and evil to vivid life.
When Stephen King's classic thriller'SALEM'S LOT hit the stands in 1975, it thrilled and terrified millions of readers with tales of demonic evil in small-town America. Now, thirty years later and still scaring readers witless, 'SALEM'S LOT reemerges in a brilliant new edition, complete with photographs, fifty pages of deleted and alternate scenes, and two short stories related to the events of the novel.
While the original edition of 'SALEM'S LOT will forever be a premier horror classic, 'SALEM'S LOT: ILLUSTRATED EDITION, with the inclusion of material from King's archive, is destined to become a classic in its own right and a must-have for all Stephen King fans. In this edition, the hair-raising story of Jerusalem's Lot, a small town in Maine whose inhabitants succumb to the evil allure of a new resident, is told as the author envisioned it, complete with fifty pages of alternate and deleted scenes. With a new introduction by the author, two short stories related to the events and residents of Jerusalem's Lot, the lavishly creepy photographs of Jerry Uelsmann, and a stunning new page design, this edition brings the story to life in words and pictures as never before.
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At the dawn of the next world war, a plane crashes on an uncharted island, stranding a group of schoolboys. At first, with no adult supervision, their freedom is something to celebrate. This far from civilization they can do anything they want. Anything. But as order collapses, as strange howls echo in the night, as terror begins its reign, the hope of adventure seems as far removed from reality as the hope of being rescued.


Spokesman for Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, Nabil Abu Rudeineh, on Saturday, said that, thanks to the steadfastness of the Palestinian people the leadership's commitment to the national constants, the US-led "deal of the century" has been thwarted.
He said that, if the deal were to succeed, it would become a regional issue, affecting all the peoples and countries in it.
Abu Rudeineh warned, those who are ready to interact with these plans, that it will undermine the sovereignty and independence of some countries and the existence of parties and movement, which will eventually have some dire consequences.
"The commitment of the Palestinian leadership to the Palestinian and Arab choices and to our national principles will keep the hope of a nation that is still suffering and burning, as a result of its lack of understanding and awareness of what has been planned for it for many years," he stated. "The tension in the region and the prevailing chaos are a natural result of not solving the Palestinian issue. As long as Jerusalem is burning, the Arab world will continue to burn, which is contrary to the necessities of regional security," said Abu Rudeineh.
"It is necessary, now, to restore the national spirit in the face of the sudden repercussions that the region maybe exposed to, especially the US blatant bias towards Israel and the imbalance of power. All these have created heavy burdens that we must all bear and confront, in order to reach safety and provide a better best future for the region and its peoples," he said.


text:
Q: Sending an email to yahoo in asp.net I want to send email using c#. I imlemented whole code, also use port no, host in the code. but email is not received.
.aspx
Message from: <asp:TextBox ID="text1" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
Message To: <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
Message subject: <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox2" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:Button ID="b1" runat="server" OnClick="click" />
<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Label"></asp:Label>

.aspx.cs
public void click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        //mail message
        MailMessage mM = new MailMessage();
        //Mail Address
        mM.From = new MailAddress( text1.Text);
        //emailid to send
        mM.To.Add(TextBox1.Text);
        //your subject line of the message
        mM.Subject = "your subject line will go here.";
        //now attached the file
        //mM.Attachments.Add(new Attachment(@"C:\\attachedfile.jpg"));
        //add the body of the email
        mM.Body = "Your Body of the email.";
        mM.IsBodyHtml = false;
        //SMTP
        SmtpClient SmtpServer = new SmtpClient();
        //your credential will go here
        SmtpServer.Credentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential("sender@yahoo.com", "password");
        //port number to login yahoo server
        SmtpServer.Port = 587;
        //yahoo host name
        SmtpServer.Host = "smtp.mail.yahoo.com";
        SmtpServer.Send(mM);
        Label1.Text = "successfull";
        //Send the email

    }//end of try block
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
    }//end of catch
}//end of Yahoo Email Method

A: It may be the fault of SSL.
You have to enable SSL just like this:
smtpserver.EnableSsl = true;

Hope this helps you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Paste a modified html-file into itself I want to take an existing HTML file, filter through it for embedded youtube links, replace those with just the thumbnail to prevent automatic cookies and then paste the modified file into itself so that the user only sees the latter.
Now I'm pretty new to Webdesign so I'm having some problems since there seem to be a lot of different components.
Now I've installed umbraco and embedded a youtube link in the default page. I thought that I could just copy the code by using File.ReadAllText and paste it again but I was told that Razor prevents me from just pasting the html.
This is the File I want to modify
@inherits Umbraco.Web.Mvc.UmbracoViewPage<ContentModels.Blog>
@using Umbraco.Web;
@{
    Layout = "master.cshtml";
}
@Html.Partial("~/Views/Partials/SectionHeader.cshtml")

         <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="UpdateOutputHtml(File.ReadAllText(WebApplication1\WebApplication1\Views\Blog.cshtml))">YTTest</button>

```

The UpdateOutputHtml is in C#, which I'm also new to, and gets the html as a string and outputs it as such after the modifications.
I'm really not sure of my next steps and probably have lots of blind spots since I just started on the subject, for example I'm not even sure I can even use ng-controller to call a function in a c# File in the fashion I did.
Any help would be appreciated.

A: The question you ask is pretty bizar.
How I would do this in umbraco, if you want to show a few thumbnails of a few youtube videos.  Each of the child "video" nodes can have a property with a Youtube ID
If you have each video defined in umbraco as a Node under a parent node "videos", then you could write something like this:
@foreach(var video in videos.Children)
{
  var videoSrc = https://img.youtube.com/vi/" + video.Value("youtubeId") + "/0.jpg";

}

To find out how to find other previews of youtube images, check this StackOverflow post: https://stackoverflow.com/a/2068371/97615


text:
In pictures: Brentford outclassed by Middlesbrough in play-off semi final
Bees season ends in familiar fashion as Middlesbrough end Premier LEague dream
MSP GetWestLondon
Middlesbrough 3-0 Brentford (PO2)
For the eighth time in their history, Brentford's season came to an end in the play-offs after a 3-0 defeat at Middlesbrough, giving Boro a 5-1 win on aggregate.
The Bees fell behind to a Lee Tomlin strike in the first half before Kike settled the tie soon after half-time.
Albert Adomah rounded off a one-sided scoreline to send Boro to Wembley and end the Bees' season.
It marked the end of Mark Warburton's reign at Griffin Park with the Brentford manager leaving due to not wanting to be a part of owner Matthew Benham's new structure.
He said: "I didn't have a speech for the players (after the final whistle). We will see them today.
"David and I are here until May 30 and it's about doing our job. We'll see the players today and the staff over the next seven to 10 days."
Mark Warburton


For the past three weeks I've been commuting to Rancho Cucamonga Monday through Thursday. That's a quick appearance on the 5 south, a sometimes morale-crippling struggle on the 91 east, an easy transition to the smooth flowing 57 north, an 80mph run on the 60 east, and an abrupt squeeze through the 15 north. That adds up to about an hour one way, roughly.
Yesterday morning I headed out to face my first (of two) lovely hour of mandatory me-time. But before I headed out to the big street, I remembered I wanted to charge my iPhone since I had connected it to the charger last night without realizing the damn thing wasn't plugged in. The thing was, my charger (the one I take around) was in my backpack, which was in the trunk. Normally I would have shrugged and charged it at work. But not today. I made the executive decision to pull over and get my battery situation sorted out.
I popped open the trunk to behold an empty abyss… and it dawned on me that I had cleared it out the night before.
Okay, so maybe it's not such a great big deal as I'm making it but what would have happened if I had pulled into the parking lot in Rancho Cucamonga with an empty trunk?
Needless to say, I turned around real quick, picked up my backpack, and made it to Rancho in good time.
Moral of the story? Sometimes good things do happen for no reason. Lol. I feel so cheesy saying this but sometimes the crappy things in life seem really crappy and seem to happen often – more than not at times. But sometimes things work out, and do I feel the same amount of satisfaction and gratitude in those moments as the amount of annoyance felt in the less wonderful moments?
I'm not sure why this little incident affected me the way it did, enough to write about it haha but if I had checked to see if my wall charger was plugged in the night before, things might have turned very differently yesterday. It's nice that it didn't have to. I'm just rambling now.


Born in Aichi Prefecture, Kimura holds a PhD from Tokyo University of the Arts. He also graduated from Ecole Superieure d'Art et de Design de Reims, France. He developed a series of work under the concept "playing with the Earth". Kimura transforms the powers from Earth and Nature, which he believes are universal language, into a tangible and experimental installation. Besides various solo exhibitions, notable group exhibitions include Setouchi International Art Festival, Echigotsumari Art Triennale, Aichi Triennale.


When you hear the word "Wonder," what does it make you think about? Wonder defined means: unfamiliar, or inexplicable. Wonder makes me think about the first time a kid goes to the zoo and sees their favorite animal, the first time a little boy or girl goes to Disney World and meets Mickey Mouse, or the first time a Bible story truly connects and a child "gets it." You can see Wonder in someone's eyes. You see it in their reaction to something they have never seen or experienced before. It is something new and exciting; something they can't explain out loud, but they can explain through the joy and reaction upon their face.
For over a year now, our entire Church has been praying and asking ourselves what it would look like to create a brand new environment specific to those with Sensory Abilities & Special Needs. That is how Wonder was born.
Wonder is a Gospel-Centered Sensory Environment that embraces the exceptionality of each child and where they are free to learn and explore. As an extension of Piedmont Kids, Wonder is for children in grades Kindergarten through 5th Grade. The Piedmont Kids Team is so excited to have this room that is specifically designed to be tailored for each child. The room will engage all 5 senses and have plenty of areas for individual time or group time. The lessons will be tailored for each child's learning ability to ensure they walk away on Sunday mornings hearing the Gospel and knowing the Bible story for the day.
Most of our amazing Wonder Dream Team members are Special Needs Teachers in our local public schools and they are so excited to share the Gospel with these amazing children. They ensure that our small group time is a time of learning for each child. We could not offer Wonder without the invaluable experience, passion, and love our Dream Team brings to the table.
We understand that not all churches are able to offer care and learning for children with these exceptional learning abilities, but we believe that Jesus said to let the little children come to Him. And we firmly believe He meant ALL children. So, as a church family, we have decided to open our doors and not only welcome these children, but create a space that is just for them. A place of learning. A place of understanding and peace. Above all else, we wanted to create a place where these children and their families will experience Christ's love, maybe for the very first time.
If you are a parent or guardian of a child who would benefit from a sensory environment like Wonder, we want to welcome you to try it out. We will be launching Wonder on May 19, 2019. We cannot wait to see you at Piedmont and to love on and teach your children. Our staff is passionate about meeting your child where they are right now and walking alongside you to help them reach their goals. Most importantly, we are excited to teach them about a God who made them EXACTLY as He planned. That they are special in His eyes and our eyes too. We see this gap in the Church and we are working tirelessly to fill it. Your children have a place here. You have a place here. All children are welcomed to God's table and we cannot wait to start this adventure!
Our prayer is that God would make His name known to all generations of all backgrounds.
Find out more about Wonder at piedmontchurch.tv/wonder.


text:
$people = ['Shunqian Luo',
'Kim Allen',
'Jenna Andersen',
'Pamela Antonow',
'Jupiter Baudot',
'Ovi Calvo',
'Awilda Cantres',
'Celeste Carter',
'Mike Cerrone',
'Eunice Choi',
'Un Choi',
'Kristie Chow',
'Regina Compton',
'Marcus Davis',
'Paul Etscheit',
'Solomon Fernandez',
'Marcel Galang',
'Aurelio Garcia',
'Hector Jair Moreno Gomez',
'Zino Hu',
'Ricky Binhai Hu',
'Kai Huang',
'Alex Jamar',
'Harmin Jeong',
'Lauren Jin',
'CJ Joulain',
'Michael Landon',
'Richard Leo',
'Julian Lesse',
'Ryan Lesson',
'Ian Lockwood',
'Alison Lyons',
'Christopher Mark',
'Lauren Markzon',
'Miguel Melendez',
'David Keefe',
'Nathan Park',
'Landey Patton',
'Farman Pirzada',
'Sam Purcell',
'Salim Rahimi',
'Colin Razevich',
'Irina Renteria',
'Jamie Runyan',
'Eric Shou',
'Michael Silberstein',
'Rosslyn Sinclair-Chin',
'Aji',
'Marvy Tagala',
'George Wambold',
'Shawn Watson',
'Hana Worku',
'Nicholas Yee',
]

# def small
#   smaller = $people.each_slice(rand(3...5)).to_a
#   x = 0
#   smaller.each do |i|
#     x +=1
#     i.insert(0 ,"Acc Group #{x}")
#     if i.length <= 3
#       i.insert(-1, "Please join another group")
#     end
#   end
# end
# puts small

def small
  smaller = $people.each_slice(rand(3..5)).to_a
  x = 0
  smaller.each do |i|
  x += 1
    i.insert(0 ,"Acc Group #{x}")
  end
  if smaller.last.length < 4
    push = x-1
  smaller.last.delete_at(0)
    smaller[push-1].concat(smaller[push])
    smaller.delete_at(push)
  end
return smaller
end
puts small

#The most challanging part of this challenge was to figure out when I was done. I still think I could add a lot, I just ran out of time.

#I feel like my breaking a problem down skill is becoming a lot better.

#I feel my solution is okay. I could make it better by making it random

#I stored them in Arrays, because that seemed like the best method.

#I learned about concat and delete_at methods when doing this assignment.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Employees accept job offers not only upon the salary, but on the benefits that accompany many positions. Employee benefits are a "job perk" that may convince a potential employee to join a specific company. Evaluate what benefits are valuable to you when negotiate a package.
To convince an employee to go abroad, there may be additional benefits. The most common is an increase in salary to entice an employee.
Language training - Courses at home and abroad to help the employee integrate. These may also be available for the family.
Go to the Forum to talk more about benefits package in Berlin, at work.
Find links about at work / benefits package in Berlin and a lot more in The links of expatriation.


 Discover how affordable owning your web presence is!
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Talks between the two nations are in the final stages, said individuals tracking the negotiations, with a target date for a deal by the end of April. That is about a month later than the two sides had initially planned.
As a result, equities rebounded but momentum continued to slip with the major indexes ending up closing at their respective unchanged lines. Of course, motivation, or lack thereof, in anticipation of tomorrow's Fed announcement on interest rates, played a role as well in traders' minds to not make too aggressive of a commitment.
Transportations (IYT) were the ugly duckling of the day by shedding -1.39%, but YTD the index is up solidly. The Dow "lost" its 26k marker but should be able to regain it if the Fed does not disappoint.
And that is the big question du jour. ZH commented that markets have priced in 16 basis points of rate cuts for 2019, which to me means that Fed head Powell must present a very dovish viewpoint tomorrow to even have a chance to "please" the markets.
Our Trend Tracking Indexes (TTIs) were mixed with today the International one gaining while the Domestic one slipped.
This entry was posted in Market Commentary and tagged DJIA, ETFs, IYT, QQQ, Trend Tracking Indexes. Bookmark the permalink.


No Pronouncation added yet for Padarn Please add a pronounciation!
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text:
Long working hours 'increase heart disease risk'
People who regularly work for more than 11 hours a day appear to be 67 per cent more likely to have a heart attack than those who do less work, a new study suggests.
Scientists at University College London analysed data from the Whitehall II study, which has followed more than 10,000 civil servants since 1985.
They looked at information on 7,095 people, all of whom had worked full time and were free of heart disease or angina at the start of the study.
A total of 192 participants had a heart attack over the course of the study and analysis revealed that those who worked 11 hours or more per day were 67 per cent more likely to have a heart attack than those who worked shorter hours.
The data suggest that working hours should be taken into account when determining a patient's risk of heart disease, the study authors said.
Professor Peter Weissberg, medical director of the British Heart Foundation, welcomed the study, which is published in the Annals of Internal Medicine and was part-funded by the charity.
He said: 'These most recent findings raise the possibility that long working hours may increase the risk of a heart attack.
'But further studies are required to confirm this association and change our current approach to assessing someone's risk of developing heart disease and what advice we give on working conditions.'
Long working hours linked to heart disease risk
Long working hours increase health risks
Working long hours could increase diabetes risk
Unfit men who work long hours 'face higher heart risk'
Women at increased heart disease risk
Long working hours 'influence alcohol use'


If you are engaged (or are already married) and want to ensure that you have a mutual understanding of certain obligations or specific divisions are in place, should something go awry in your marriage, then a Premarital Agreement (also known as a Prenuptial Agreement) or a Postnuptial Agreement may be the best option. These types of Agreements do not need to be viewed as a breach of trust, but rather, a way to ensure that a mutual understanding of certain obligations or specific divisions are in place. Jennifer R. Ward, Esquire was an active public speaker on this topic, including a matrimonial-related lecture series at The Latin School of Chicago Adult Education Program.
A Premarital Agreement (a/k/a Prenuptial or Antenuptial Agreement) is a legally binding contract, entered into by parties before their marriage that defines what will happen when the marriage ends, either by dissolution or the death of one of the parties. Prenuptial agreements are mutually agreed upon by both parties; thus, compromises can be reached, provisions can be explained, and there is an opportunity for both spouses to be heard on issues they think should or should not be included in the agreement. These agreements must be mutually agreed upon and like any other contract, if one of the parties was coerced, under duress, involuntarily signed, or otherwise executed the prenuptial agreement under false pretenses, it may not be enforceable to that end.
A Postnuptial Agreement is an agreement that parties enter into after they are married when they wish to provide for a specific division of assets or the fulfillment of certain obligations in the event of dissolution of marriage or death. Both types of marital agreements allow parties to sort through financial issues so that each has a clear understanding and expectation concerning their financial rights and obligations.


text:
package com.tectonica.xmlchunk;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.stream.Location;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
import javax.xml.stream.events.Characters;
import javax.xml.stream.events.EndDocument;
import javax.xml.stream.events.EndElement;
import javax.xml.stream.events.StartElement;
import java.io.Writer;

public class XmlChunkerEndDocument implements EndDocument {
    @Override
    public int getEventType() {
        return END_DOCUMENT;
    }

    @Override
    public Location getLocation() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isStartElement() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAttribute() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isNamespace() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEndElement() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEntityReference() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isProcessingInstruction() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isCharacters() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isStartDocument() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEndDocument() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public StartElement asStartElement() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public EndElement asEndElement() {
        return null; // not necessary for our purposes
    }

    @Override
    public Characters asCharacters() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public QName getSchemaType() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeAsEncodedUnicode(Writer writer) throws XMLStreamException {
    }
}


Today I had a unique opportunity to trail (or shadow) a personal chef on one of his weekly client engagements. Chef Mark Tafoya has had his business ReMARKable Palate for many years, hosts a culinary podcast, and is also co-owner of The Gilded Fork, a culinary media enterprise. He also runs smalbusinessvideo.com, a company that creates videos for websites. With all these different outlets for his time and energy, I was honored that he was able to take on my request for some 1:1 mentorship.
For several years, even prior to starting this blog, I have wondered about going into the personal chef industry. I've looked into the offerings of the U.S. Personal Chef Association, tried to figure out how to create this kind of business, and pondered how to make it work in New York City, which is different from many of the models about which I've read in other places. Seeing Chef Mark work today and hearing some of his advice culled from his time working with clients in their homes, I gained more confidence that it just might be possible for me to do this too.
First stop was to buy groceries for cooking all the food that was to be made today. When he meets with his clients, Chef Mark gets from them their food likes, dislikes, and allergy information. He also inventories their home kitchens to make sure that they have the equipment and materials there for him to do his job. Unlike personal chefs who have cars or vans and can transport their cooking gear with them, for city-based chefs, having everything available in the clients' homes is essential to carrying out their workload.
Using lists printed from MenuMagic (a personal chef software), Chef Mark was able to navigate the store picking up everything that he needed not just for each recipe but for the whole day's projects all at once. The program creates lists of everything required to make each dish so that he can cross-reference it with what he already has and what he has to buy. This is a long way from the hand-created lists I make each week just to shop for myself.
Then, it is off to the client's apartment to cook. We spent the next several hours making the dishes and talking about Chef Mark's background and experience and how he got into cooking as a profession (which you can also read about on his website). Today was what he called an "Abbreviated Service," meaning that he wasn't cooking a full week's worth of meals. The family had not eaten all of the previous week's dishes that he'd made for them, so this time, they just wanted a few supplemental items and sides to round out the ones that they had frozen from the previous batch. This flexibility in working with clients and their needs is just part of the process.
The cooking part itself is like trying to make an entire dinner party's worth of dishes in a few hours. It's about different pans going at the same time for several recipes, keeping an eye on the oven so as not to burn the things in there, and making sure to keep track of it all. Chef Mark was calm as can be in balancing the various components of everything going on at the same time while gamely fielding my many questions about how he got started (cooking for a friend, which he highly recommends to test out your skills and aptitude) and how he keeps his business running (different clients have different cooking needs). He was also kind enough to give me some great cooking tips (must try no-bake lasagna noodles for my next batch of that). It was an eye-opening experience in to the diversity of the tasks of each day, as he is the entire kitchen staff.
Once he finished making everything, he allowed it all to cool before putting some of it in the fridge and some in the freezer, every container labeled with what was inside and its cooking and re-heating instructions, as well as the date on which it was made. He cleaned and put away everything he used to cook, leaving the kitchen sparkling. Then, he tallied up the hours he worked, left them the receipt for the groceries, and made sure that they had an invoice for his services. It is this level of detail that Chef Mark stressed to me is also important for the personal chef-client relationship.
After trailing Chef Mark today, I was left with a stronger desire to figure out how I could launch my own business, hoping that I have the confidence in my cooking abilities to provide good food for other people. While it might seem like an indulgence to some, the personal chef industry does provide a service that can be useful to time-starved households. It can be a way to break the cycle of eating out and to get healthier foods onto your table without having to spend hours in the kitchen after a long workday. Word-of-mouth is one way to locate a personal chef in your area. Another is to go to the USPCA website and search for someone who might be working in your area.
Thanks for that vote of confidence! Chef Mark said he didn't doubt that I could do it, I just need to get started.


How many blocks/chips designed in your total years of Experience?
What is the latest project you finished? Was it block/full-chip?
What is the design application?
Input is RTL or gate level netlist?
In which field are you interested?
What is the most challenging task you handled?
What is the most challenging job in P&R flow?
What parameters (or aspects) differentiate Chip Design and Block level design?
List down difference between a flat and hierarchical design?
What is the difference between soft macro and hard macro?
What are the challenges seen as technology shrinks?
What scan techniques being used?
Experience with timing closure & congestion issues?
Any experience with ECO (functional or timing ECO).
what are issues you face during tapeout time?
What is the difference between a latch and a flip-flop?
what all the parameters on which clock frequency depends in design?
how threshold voltage is dependent on temperature?
What is the effect of gate voltage on mobility?
What is the effect of temperature on mobility?
Design a circuit to divide input frequency by 2?


text:
Q: Is a finitely generate $k$-algebra that has no nilpotent element ($k$ is a field) an integral domain? In Hartshone section 1 exercise 1.5, he wants me to prove that

If $B$ if a finitely generated $k$-algebra with no nilpotent elements, then $B$ is isomoprhic to the affine coordinate ring of some algebraic set in $\mathbf{A}^{n}$, for some $n$.

What I know is that if $B$ is a finitely generated $k$-algebra that is also an integral domain, then $B$ is isomorphic to the affine coordinate ring of some affine variety.
Hence, I want to show that

If $B$ is a finitely generated $k$-algebra, then $B$ is an integral domain.

However, I got stuck only several steps away from the start. Suppose that there exists a non-zero zero divisor $b\in B$, so that there exists $x\in B\setminus\{0\}$ such that $bx=0$. As $B$ is finitely generated over $k$, there exists a finite subset $\{b_{0},\cdots, b_{r}\}$ of $B$ such that $b$ and $x$ can be written as $$b=\sum_{j=0}^{r}c_{j}\cdot b_{j}\ \ \text{and}\ \ x=\sum_{i=0}^{r}e_{i}\cdot b_{i},$$ where $c_{j},e_{i}\in k$, and the $\cdot$ is the scalar multipliation $\cdot:k\times B\longrightarrow B$ that comes with the $k$-module structure.
Then, $$bx=\Bigg(\sum_{j=0}^{r}c_{j}\cdot b_{j}\Bigg)\Bigg(\sum_{i=0}^{r}e_{i}\cdot b_{i}\Bigg)=0.$$ Well, then I tried to use the fact that $B$ is a $k$-algebra, so the ring multiplication and the scalar multiplication are compatible.
In other words, let us set $\xi:=\sum_{j=0}^{r}c_{j}\cdot b_{j}\in B$, the the above product is $$\xi(e_{0}\cdot b_{0})+\xi(e_{1}\cdot b_{1})+\cdots +\xi(e_{r}\cdot b_{r}).$$ So, using the compatibility, say to the case of $i=0$, we have
\begin{align*}
\xi(e_{0}\cdot b_{0})=e_{0}\cdot (\xi b_{0})&=e_{0}\cdot\Bigg(\sum_{j=0}^{r}c_{j}\cdot b_{j}\Bigg)b_{0}\\
&=e_{0}\cdot\Bigg(\sum_{j=0}^{r}(c_{j}\cdot b_{j})b_{0}\Bigg)\\
&=e_{0}\cdot\Bigg(\sum_{j=0}^{r}c_{j}\cdot (b_{j}b_{0})\Bigg)
\end{align*}
Hence, the product $bx$ is $$bx=\sum_{i=0}^{r}e_{i}\cdot\Bigg(\sum_{j=0}^{r}c_{j}\cdot (b_{j}b_{i})\Bigg)=0,$$ but I do not see if I can go further toward this direction...
Is what I am trying to show wrong? If so, is there any other way to prove this exercise? Thank you!

A: Not necessarily. Consider the union of the $x$ and $y$ axes in $\Bbb{A}^2_k$. It is the vanishing locus of $f(x,y)=xy$. The ring $k[x,y]/(xy)$ is not an integral domain because $\overline{x}\cdot \overline{y}=0$. However, being the coordinate ring of this affine algebraic set it is reduced (which is not hard to check directly, as well). However, if you require that your algebraic set is irreducible in addition, you will find that its coordinate ring is an integral domain.


This aircraft was used by Lieutenant Herwig Knuppels at the covert DVS fighter school at Schleibheim in 1935. Knuppels 'top hat' emblem is just visible below the windscreen. Something of a comedian, Knuppels took his 'zylinder-hut' emblem to Spain, where it was adopted as the emblem of 2.J/88 during the Civil War and he became an ace. He was later killed in actian in World War II.
Training aircraft from a flying school of the 3rd 'Luftkreise' in Dresden.


WINNIPEG — For general managers and head coaches, the purpose of the CFL preseason is to assess the roster and get an idea of who fits on your football club. The Winnipeg Blue Bombers may have dropped a 24-22 decision to the Toronto Argonauts on Monday night in their preseason opener at Investors Group Field, but GM Kyle Walters and head coach Mike O'Shea should now have a better idea of who they want to keep and who they may want to let go before the regular season opener on June 26.
Winnipeg committed 13 penalties, including six major infractions of 15 yards and another of 45 yards in what will go down in history as professional football's first ever video-reviewed pass interference call — a new officiating element introduced to the Canadian Football League for 2014.
"I just want guys that when they take a penalty, they have a hard time looking at their teammates. Those are the guys we want," added O'Shea.
It was also the first opportunity for Bombers fans to get a look at their anointed starting quarterback Drew Willy, who lead four offensive possessions before O'Shea sent in his other three signal-callers to get a look.
Six Bombers receivers had a team-high two receptions, with last season's leading receiver Clarence Denmark putting up a team-high 60 yards. In addition to Feoli-Gudino's major, rookie Donavon Kemp also found pay dirt late in the game in via rookie quarterback Robert Marve.
Marve saw just one offensive possession in the game's waning moments, but put up a nice series going 3-for-4 for 66 yards and the touchdown to make it 24-22 Toronto. The subsequent two-point conversion was unsuccessful, allowing the Boatmen to run out the clock.
A couple Winnipeg defenders showed well, including defensive end Greg Peach with two sacks and defensive backs Marty Markett and Don Unamba who lead the way with five tackles each.
Winnipeg's second and final preseason game goes this Saturday, June 14 in Calgary against the Stampeders and can be seen on TSN.


Adelaide magician Bingo Jack will engage and delight you and your guests at any function guaranteeing laughs, fun and amazement. Bingo Jack's gentle approach is proven to please, entertain, amaze and amuse. Whether it be a stage show, walk around magic, a private party or after diner function Bingo Jack can bring you some fun and amazement.
Whilst specialising in kid's magic shows and birthday party magic for all ages, Bingo Jack also provides children's magic shows for clubs and charities and educational shows for pre-schools and schools.
Educational magic shows include shows that are just for fun and a series of specially developed educational children's magic shows for pre-schoolers and junior and primary school students that are proven positive experiences. The children learn as they have fun.
The options don't stop there, if you have an event for any age, don't be afraid to call and have a chat about what Adelaide Magician Bingo Jack can do for you. Magician for hire, Bingo Jack is glad to be here and hopes to hear from you soon!!
Thank you so much…we look forward to seeing you again, today was fantastic!
It is stress free for you!!
All you provide is a performance area. Your lounge room, a back yard, a restaurant (with the owners permission of course) or a park. No more to do other than sit back and relax! Just mention where you want to hold the event on the contact form.


text:
Manchester City at Crystal Palace - Bet on Premier League
After a disappointing loss to Tottenham in the first leg of their Champions League Quarterfinals tie, Manchester City's hopes of a quadruple are in jeopardy. They already have one trophy and are favored to win both the FA Cup and the Premier League, but now they must avoid a letdown when they travel to face Crystal Palace this Sunday. City have had a few letdowns already this season, losing to Newcastle United, Leicester City, and this same Palace team, so Pep Guardiola will need to have his side prepared.
Don't miss the English Premier League action from Selhurst Park in London, England at 9:05 a.m. ET on Sunday, April 14, 2019. Catch every moment of the match live on NBCSN.
English Premier League Betting at BookMaker.eu
Crystal Palace +788
Manchester City -302
Over/Under 3
Palace are in the middle of the table. They have alternated wins and losses over their last seven Premier League matches, with two of the losses coming against Big Six clubs. The Eagles were able to knock off Newcastle United in St. James' Park last week, but they were rather fortunate to get the win. They managed just three shots and the 1-0 win was a result of a Luka Milivojevic penalty in the 81st minute.
The Citizens are out to stay ahead of Liverpool in the Premier League standings. They have been in a neck and neck race all year, and while City are currently behind, they have a game in hand and would claim the title if they were to win out. City have won eight straight Premier League matches, and six of those eight wins came by multiple goals. They had little trouble in a comfortable 2-0 win over Cardiff City in their last league match.
Just before the holiday, Palace received their Christmas wish. They went into Etihad Stadium as a 15-1 underdog to get the win, and they stunned everyone with a 3-2 win. Ilkay Gundogan put City ahead early, but goals from Jeffrey Schlupp, Andros Townsend, and Milivojevic in 20 minutes put Palace ahead for good.
The hosts will not have Mamadou Sakho or James Tomkins available for this match. Sakho is dealing with a knee injury, while Tomkins has a groin problem. There is no timetable for either player's return. Max Meyer is probable to play despite an illness.
Oleksandr Zinchenko will miss at least one more week as he looks to return from a thigh injury, and Claudio Bravo is a long-term injury. City might not have Bernardo Silva available for this match either.
Raheem Sterling has been fantastic this year, and he will be getting multiple votes as the Player of the Year. Sterling has been one of City's most consistent players all season, and his nose for goal has helped City stay just ahead of Liverpool. It's likely he ends the year in the top ten in both goals and assists, as he has 15 goals and nine assists on the season.
Prop Bet – Under 2.5 Goals +136
Palace would be thrilled with just a result here, so I think they will play behind the ball and park the bus. The Eagles have shut out two of their last three opponents, and they will be facing a City side that can't help but be distracted somewhat by the Champions League. That will keep this one low-scoring and close.
If the Eagles had a little more scoring punch, I might roll the dice with them to pick up a result. However, I think City's back line will not allow Palace much space after their earlier meeting and the Citizens will pick up a narrow win.
English Premier League Odds: Manchester City 1, Crystal Palace 0