Our Grandparents understood perfectly well that no one gets to make a serious run for the United States Senate unless they are fully bought and paid for. Unfortunately, television has dulled our wits in that regard, and few people noted that with three Senators running for the Presidency "the fix" was obviously in. Open and honest elections in America? Pure myth. With a total news blackout on the only American party in the race (although CSPAN covered their convention) voters were forced once again to choose between the two flavors of German socialism (politics originally designed to befuddle peasants) and picked the man their television sets told them had to win.
During the last few months of the campaign I was intrigued by several things I observed in people that I spoke with in social settings. I certainly understood that anyone could be so sick of Bush and his War Of Terror that they would automatically vote to throw the current batch of killers and thugs out of the White House. I was puzzled though, about the number of people who seemed almost hypnotized by Barrack Obama and his promise of virtually unspecified change.
Obama gave some terrific speeches, but a speech written by some other person tells you absolutely nothing about the man who is delivering it. Yet millions of Obama voters are carrying around their own image of who this man is. Not since Papa Bush ran for the White House on a totally fictitious biography have we had such an enigma. His campaign slogan about change, as far as I could tell, allowed each person to invent on his own what the actual changes might be — and believe it completely. I feel great sympathy for those who view Obama as a savior. The next few years will be bad enough on all of us without having to feel like a fool at the same time.
On the other hand I was also surprised when, on three separate occasions, I was told with full sincerity that Obama was the Antichrist. Yes, really. I even reviewed some of the Nostradamus websites. You can Google them and find some pretty interesting material. But the prophet's puzzles are pretty obscure, and I wasn't sure about the validity of what I read. On the other hand, considering what we are now finding with reversed speech, I suspect that the Antichrist believers are much closer to the truth than the other group. Those who endorsed undefined change are going to get a lot more change than they could ever want.
I avoided doing reversed speech on the candidates during the world's longest fantasy campaign, and a number of readers wondered why. Beyond the fact that there would be no way to actually influence the outcome, the reason is simple. While on the stump a politician is essentially a professional performer. His mind is totally focused on the mechanics of the campaign and his own performance in front of the cameras. There is virtually no useful information to gather, other than to see how much they are in control of their presentation, and pick up a small measure of their thought processes under pressure. An occasional peek with RS on Obama simply revealed what we knew already; he is a superbly trained speaker, and his writers were handing him beautifully crafted speeches perfectly matching his skills. Interestingly enough, his apparent dependence on prepared scripting earned him the nickname of Obama-bot.
It's important to understand what we have known all along. The U.S. presidency is not the center of decision-making as most people think. We never once found evidence of George Bush making a decision about anything at all. The only example of his personal power in the White House that we know of was having broccoli removed from his dinner plate. Bush occupied the oval office simply to sign what he was told to sign, and say what he was told to say. He wasn't very good at it, but he was totally loyal. Obama has his masters just as Bush did. They've been grooming him for many years for the role he will now be required to play. What few people understand is that both sets of masters have been working together all along.
As in all previous changeovers that I can personally recall, nothing of real importance will change simply because there is a new man in the White House. Yes, you will see some moves to convince the public that things are different, but they will be strictly cosmetic; i.e., issues with emotional appeal that in practical terms make no difference to their actual plans for America. Obama will take the reins of an Imperial Presidency created for him by his predecessor. He will be unfettered by any constitutional restraints and endowed with virtually unlimited power.
There will be no repeal of the Patriot Act, and no limitations placed on Fatherland Security. The Pentagon will continue to spend American lives in pursuit of an oil and pipeline empire in the Middle East as the taxpayers' gift to international corporations. Surveillance on every aspect of our lives will continue to increase. As predictions go, that's the easy part. Our job is to ferret out what else is in store for the already battered American people.
We've begun our Project's official coverage of Barrack Obama with his November 4th victory speech in Chicago. What we've learned has been more than startling. Alarming would be a better word but even that word is not strong enough.
The Chicago victory speech is our first chance to use reversed speech on an Obama that is not totally wrapped up in campaigning. If you are new to reversed speech you will find a link at the top of all our reports that will provide you with a good tutorial. It is a way of eavesdropping on a speaker's hidden and unconscious mental processes.
During the first half of the speech, RS didn't reveal much except the heightened awareness of a professional actor following a script. Note the internal cue LOOK SAD just as the script changes from celebration to a discussion of current problems. Also, the awareness that the whole world is watching and he must use the moment to really look good is an indication of a performer who is totally in control of his stage presence.
It is the first reversal, however, that raised my eyebrows. I'M ON YOU NOW doesn't sound very friendly at all. In fact, it took me a few days to realize where I'd heard it before. I'm pretty sure that if you will check out Darth Vader's lines in the last fifteen minutes of Star Wars you'll run across it, or something very similar.
Fwd: "..at this defining moment change has come to America."
Rev: I'M ON YOU NOW!
Fwd: "..the enormity of the task that lies ahead"
Fwd: "the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime."
Rev: WHOLE WORLD, MUST LOOK GOOD!
From our work here at Ken-Welch.com we know that Obama will preside over the long-planned economic destruction that will lead to a new currency, and quite probably the end of the U.S.A. as we merge into the new corporate controlled North American Union. He'll also be at the helm for the great Bird Flu Pandemic that is intended to wipe out the Baby Boomers and most of those on public welfare of one kind or another. Tearing down the U.S.A. and building a new corporate controlled (i.e., Fascist) empire from the ashes would be a daunting task for anyone.
Look at the forward speech shown above. At this point in time all people really expect from Obama is that he will bring some troops home even though he's already indicated he wants to enlarge the war effort in Afghanistan and perhaps Pakistan as well. It is hoped that his "financial advisors" will figure out how to tame the recession. But the speech writers are signaling something much, much larger. "The enormity of the task ahead?" Challenges that are the greatest of our lifetime? What could they be?
In the sound clip below you'll listen to a number of reversals that indicate to me that Obama may be the ultimate wolf in sheep's clothing. There is a number called the Misery Index and Obama seems to like the concept. Right off the bat, he joins the rest of the crowd from Washington in continuing to hide just how bad things are going to be. Worse, we are finding words of hate that are very disturbing.
Fwd: Parents lying awake worrying..
Fwd: "tear the world down"
If Barrack Obama was a Libertarian I would be perfectly happy with his references to VERMIN, PARASITES, and people who want to OWN THE EARTH. I'd know he was referring to the Fed, the IRS, the Rothschilds and the great Cartels that have run our country for over a century. Sadly, Obama is no Libertarian. Instead, these reversals seem to apply to the American people themselves, whose only true crime is terminal gullibility.
If the reversal MY GOAL is correctly linked with the words that contain it, TEAR THE WORLD DOWN, then it's pretty obvious we have a big problem.
I must admit right now that we don't have enough experience with Obama to really know what is going on with him. We will eventually know more about him than he does himself. But early as it is, I'm already very concerned.
For one thing, I'm not sure this guy is entirely sane. The goal and the rhetoric are most likely from early childhood. Yet Obama is too old to be driven by childhood conditioning and still be considered mentally balanced and stable. One would expect him to be able to look at his own success and realize that most of those old grievances (from his early Islamic schooling?) are pure hogwash. Apparently not.
I'm also concerned about his thought that Bush caused the economic crisis. Bush is only a puppet, and Obama is in the same boat. It is easy to see from the policies he's already announced that it is Wall Street and the great Money and Banking Cartel that is pulling Obama's strings. Yet the hint that Obama doesn't understand what's going on is disturbing. If we end up with too much conflict between Obama and his Masters then we could easily see a replay of the 1963 coup that replaced Kennedy with Johnson.
As I said above, it's a bit too early to get a true measure of what's going on with this man, but it already feels like the shark is in the swimming pool.
We ran across this reversal from our old friend Tony Blair, the UK's previous Prime Minister and certainly the slickest front man for the New World Order since Bill Clinton. If anyone has been fully briefed on Obama's assigned tasks it would be Blair.
We found Blair in the Middle East, discussing the "peace process" with a BBC interviewer in the UK. Despite the poor connection that made Blair's voice sound tired and scratchy, his understanding of what Obama will mean for America was crystal clear.
Pretty much speaks for itself, doesn't it?
It appears that even before the election Obama was briefed about the latest recycled attempt to invade Iran and seize that country's massive oil reserves for the Houston-based Oil Cartel. Although Obama is coming from a completely different political environment, his Masters have obviously told him to go along and keep his mouth shut. On a previous theme, we see the conflict between Obama's known sympathy for Muslims and the desires of those who control him, while he still buys into the concept that Bush is a nut, rather than another corporate lacky.
Fwd: I will listen to you.."
Fwd: It is only the chance for us to make that change.
NIMMERs are members of Navy Intelligence Management and are well documented in these pages. They are the virtually invisible military organization that planned and conducted the bombing of the World Trade Center, and they appear in reversed speech from Washington virtually every time a large false-flag attack is planned. So far, they've had only the one, original success as far as we know.
Obama has obviously been briefed on current war plans by a senior Nimmer, and doesn't like the man at all. There's nothing unusual in that; few people care for military men who betray their country. We have other references to a "new missile" and assume that it is to play a false-flag role in the Middle East, replacing an elderly Scud missile that was recently destroyed. This latest plan has only been running for a few weeks, but our RS suggests that everyone involved is in a big hurry. We will cover it soon in a separate report.
Obama's unconscious choice of words about the invasion is interesting. Either he doesn't quite believe what he's been told, or he's been aware all along that most of these false-flag attempts have failed.
Finally we end this report with a reversal that is truly satisfying. Over the past few years that we've been monitoring the White House, virtually everyone who ever dealt with George Bush for more than a few minutes later described him in RS as an idiot. Obama, with his educated vocabulary promotes Bush from idiot to IMBECIL. What a fitting end for the pathetic Bush administration.


text:
Cowboys run over Eagles, take 1st in NFC East with 37-10 win
by: SCHUYLER DIXON, Associated Press
Posted: Oct 20, 2019 / 11:38 PM EDT / Updated: Oct 21, 2019 / 02:58 AM EDT
Dallas Cowboys tight end Jason Witten (82) blocks for running back Ezekiel Elliott (21) as Philadelphia Eagles strong safety Malcolm Jenkins (27) attempts to make the stop in the first half of an NFL football game in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Oct. 20, 2019. (AP Photo/Ron Jenkins)
ARLINGTON, Texas (AP) — Ezekiel Elliott powered into the Philadelphia secondary and simply ran over safety Malcolm Jenkins.
The apparent 14-yard touchdown run by the star Dallas running back was overturned on review because his knee was down at the 1 — but the message had been sent early in a game with the division lead on the line.
The Cowboys (4-3) are back in control of the NFC East after ending a three-game losing streak that clouded the high expectations for the defending division champions following a 3-0 start.
Elliott got his touchdown the play after overpowering Jenkins on his way to 111 yards, Dak Prescott threw an easy scoring pass on a great fake to his backfield mate before a late TD run and the Cowboys rolled to a 37-10 victory over the Eagles on Sunday night.
"That's how I play every week," Elliott said. "I like to think of the defense as a shield. In the first quarter, you hit them a couple times, you dent the shield a little bit. You keep on hitting it."
Prescott's 8-yard scoring run for the final points broke Roger Staubach's club record of 20 rushing TDs by a quarterback and sent the Cowboys into their open week feeling good after a week of talk that coach Jason Garrett's job might be on the line.
Next time out, they'll be going for a season sweep of the New York Giants and possibly a firmer hold on first in the NFC East.
"No doubt in my mind about how we were going to come out and perform tonight," Prescott said. "We didn't panic. We didn't have to say everything hit the fan, let's start over. We doubled down on who we are and just got better."
Carson Wentz threw an interception and had two of Philadelphia's three lost fumbles. The Eagles (3-4) dropped their second straight game after a two-game winning streak that looked like it might get their season going.
"A little embarrassed," Wentz said. "We didn't show up."
Brett Maher finished the highest-scoring half against Doug Pederson since he became coach of the Eagles in 2016, kicking a 63-yarder on the final play before halftime for a 27-7 lead.
Maher is the first kicker in NFL history with three field goals of at least 60 yards — and all three have been at least 62. He kicked a 62-yarder last week against the New York Jets. Maher's other from 62 was against the Eagles last season, his first in the league.
Pederson had to clarify during the week that he wasn't guaranteeing a win after saying on his radio show that his team would go down to Dallas, win the game and fly home in first place.
And the coach tried to reverse Philadelphia's trend of slow starts by taking the ball after winning the coin flip, just the second time in 33 winning flips that Pederson hasn't deferred in order to start the second half on offense.
It backfired when the Eagles fumbled on their first two possessions, leading to a pair of touchdowns after the Cowboys got the ball on the opponent's side of the 50 for the first two times this season.
Before that, Dallas was the only team in the NFL that hadn't started a drive on the favorable side of midfield.
"I feel like he got a statement today, and so we're going to let him go sleep on it," said defensive end DeMarcus Lawrence, whose sack of Wentz created the second turnover.
Dallas Goedert fumbled on a hit from Jaylon Smith at the end of an 8-yard catch on the opening possession, and Maliek Collins recovered at the Philadelphia 45. Five plays later, receiver Tavon Austin took an option pitch 20 yards for the score.
After Wentz fumbled on the sack by Lawrence, and Antwaun Woods recovered, Elliott ran over Jenkins on the next play, then scored from the 1 after this initial TD was overturned.
"It starts with me," Pederson said. "This is one of those games that I take personal from that standpoint. I've got to get that fixed."
The Cowboys answered the only touchdown from Eagles — Wentz's 28-yard pass to Goedert — when Prescott faked a handoff to Elliott from the 1 and threw to a wide-open Blake Jarwin in the end zone for a 21-7 lead.
Prescott was 21 of 27 for 239 yards with a touchdown and an interception and had another 30 yards rushing. Amari Cooper caught five passes for 106 yards after missing most of a loss to the previously winless Jets with a thigh injury.
Wentz was 16 of 26 for 191 yards and the Cowboys held the Eagles to 283 yards after letting second-year Jets quarterback Sam Darnold have one of his best games as a pro last week.
Dallas finished with 189 yards rushing, 116 more than the average that the league's No. 2 run defense was allowing.
Elliott, the last back to get 100 yards against the Eagles, did it again on 22 carries. The two-time NFL rushing champion is averaging 115 yards in five games against his division rival. It was his fourth 100-yard game of the season.
Dallas linebacker Leighton Vander Esch didn't return after injuring his neck in the first half. He walked off the field after staying down for a few minutes. Cowboys defensive end Robert Quinn had a sack in the first half before leaving with a rib injury.
Eagles: At Buffalo next Sunday.
Cowboys: At the Giants on Monday, Nov. 4.
by CHRISTIAN ARNOLD, Associated Press / Jan 18, 2020
UNIONDALE, N.Y. (AP) — Alexander Ovechkin scored three goals to tie Steve Yzerman for ninth on the career goals list Saturday, and the Washington Capitals rallied with five goals in the third period for a 6-4 victory over the New York Islanders.
Jakub Vrana scored the go-ahead goal with 2:30 left after the Islanders turned over the puck in their own zone. The Capitals extended their wining streak to four games while the Islanders lost for the fourth time in their last five games.
by PATRICK ROSE, Associated Press / Jan 18, 2020
CHICAGO (AP) — Paul Reed scored 23 points on 8-of-9 shooting, Jalen Coleman-Lands added 20 and DePaul upset No. 5 Butler 79-66 on Saturday.
Coleman-Lands was 3 for 5 from 3-point range and freshman Romeo Weems had 11 points as the Blue Demons knocked off a team ranked in the top five for the first time since beating No. 5 Kansas on Dec. 2, 2006.
by STEVEN WINE, Associated Press / Jan 18, 2020
CORAL GABLES, Fla. (AP) — The No. 9-ranked Florida State Seminoles forced 24 turnovers, including three in a row in overtime, and rallied from a nine-point deficit in the final 4:33 of regulation Saturday to earn their ninth consecutive victory by beating Miami 83-79.
Sophomore Devin Vassell set a career high for the second consecutive game by leading Florida State with 23 points while adding 11 rebounds and five assists. His two free throws with six seconds left sealed the win.
'National Michigan Day' today, Jan. 18, 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Some (potentially) really simple algebra I can't figure out Okay so, I couldn't be more specific in the title because honestly I can't make it fit in a way that makes sense.
We've been told that:
$$A + B = C + D \tag{1}$$
and
$$ik_1A - ik_1B = ik_2C-ik_2D  \tag{2}$$
I'm trying to show that:
$$\frac{A+B}{A-B} = \frac{k_1}{k_2}\frac{C+D}{C-D} = \frac{k_1^2}{k_2^2} $$
So basically I've rearranged equation $(2)$ to show that
$$ A-B=\frac{k_2}{k_1}(C-D) $$
and so we can take equation $(1)$, divide both sides by $A-B$ and then substitute in the expression for $A-B$ we just found, at which point we get
$$ \frac{A+B}{A-B} = \frac{C+D}{A-B} = \frac{k_1}{k_2}\frac{C+D}{C-D} \\$$
This is where I hit a dead end. I can show that
$\dfrac{k_1}{k_2} = \dfrac{C-D}{A-B},\quad$ but I can't  show
$\quad\dfrac{C+D}{C-D}
= \dfrac{k_1}{k_2}$
(which would give me the last part) and honestly I've been banging my head against this all morning and just making more of a mess.
Can someone nudge me and put me out of my misery? This isn't even a real part of the question it's like the preamble bit  (The question overall is to do with tunnelling and scattering in Quantum Mechanics)

A: The main reason you're having such a hard time proving it is that
it's false.
To keep the notation simple, write
$$
\lambda = \frac{k_1}{k_2}.
$$
(This is valid, because the question requires us to assume
$k_2 \ne 0$ in any case.)
Thus (assuming also that $i \ne 0$ - which
is true in particular if $i$ denotes a square root of $-1$) we are given:
\begin{align*}
A + B & = C + D, \\
\lambda(A - B) & = C - D.
\end{align*}
One hint that
something is wrong is that there is nothing here to imply that
$A \ne B$ or $C \ne D,$ both of which conditions are required in
order for the conclusion to make sense.
An even stronger hint that something is wrong is that if
$(A, B, C, D)$ is any solution of (1) and (2), then so is
$$
(A', B', C', D') = (A + h, B + h, C + h, D + h),
$$
for any number $h,$ but if $h \ne 0,$ then
$$
\frac{A' + B'}{A' - B'} = \frac{A + B}{A - B} + \frac{2h}{A - B}
\ne \frac{A + B}{A - B},
$$
so it cannot be true that
$$
\frac{A + B}{A - B} = \lambda^2
$$
for every solution $(A, B, C, D)$ of (1) and (2).

A: Start with solutions to Schrodingar Equation for Finite step potential with E>V:
$x<0:\psi_1=Ae^{ikx}+Be^{-ikx}$
$x>0: \psi_2=Ce^{ipx}+De^{-ipx}$
The wave function and first derivative are continuous for bounded potentials, so:
$i) A+B=C+D$
$ii) ik(A-B)=ip(C-D)$
We have two equations in two unknowns, so we should be able to express two of the unknowns in terms of the other two unknowns. Let's find C and D in terms of A and B.
$p(A+B)=p(C+D)$
$k(A-B)=p(C-D)$
So: $p(A+B)+k(A-B)=2pC$
And: $p(A+B)-k(A-B)=2pD$
$\frac{A+B}{A-B}=\frac{k}{p}\frac{C+D}{C-D}$
This is  as far as you can go without other principles of quantum mechanics. The stated ratio of $C+D$ to $C-D$ implies a ratio between the sum and difference of A and B. That in turn allows expressing B in terms of A and then C and D exclusively in terms of A. This is allowed only if you have 3 equations for the 4 unknowns.
These wave functions can't be normalized. For a scattering problem though, there is no incoming wave from the opposite side of the Barrier from the incoming wave. Because of symmetry, we can assume the wave is inbound from left to right.
So we can allow $D=0$.
This combined with your target equation implies $k_1/k_2$ is 0 or +/-1 which is not possible for a non-zero, finite potential.
We can still find the transmission and reflection coefficients.
$T=\frac{pCC^*}{kAA^*} ; R=\frac{BB^*}{AA^*}$
Here, we only  care about the ratios, so WLOG, $A=1$.
$ (p-k)A+(p+k)B=0$.
So $B=A\frac{k-p}{k+p}$
$p$ and $k$ are real, so $B^*=A^*\frac{k-p}{k+p}$
So $R=\frac{(k-p)^2}{(k+p)^2}$
Since $1+B=C$, $C=\frac{2k}{k+p}$
So the Transmission Coefficient is $T=\frac{p}{k}\frac{4k^2}{(p+k)^2}=\frac{4pk}{(p+k)^2}$
As expected by the conservation of probability, we have $1=R+T$.
Your target equation looks like a way to calculate the Transmission and Reflection coefficients but interchanging the wave numbers with the coefficients. I vaguely recall multiplying ratios of wave numbers playing a role in the barrier case, as opposed to the step potential.
What text are you using to study QM? I've found Griffith's very approachable a good supplement for Bransden and Jochain. It's worth the extra cost if you can swing it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Aviation Meteorology at Several Plane Crash Sites
An Expanded Investigation of Atmospheric Rivers in the Southern Appalachian Mountains and Their Connection to Landslides
Modelling Daily Mean Surface Air Temperature Calculated from Different Methods and Its Impact on Urban-Related Warming Evaluations over Guangzhou and Shenzhen Using the WRF Model
Impacts of Atmospheric Rivers in Extreme Precipitation on the European Macaronesian Islands
10.3390/atmos10020049
Xiong, Y.
Chen, Q.
Ren, X.
Influence of Boreal Winter Intraseasonal Variation of Aleutian Low on Water Vapor Transport and Atmospheric Rivers
Yating Xiong
Qiuyu Chen
Xuejuan Ren
CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2019, 10(2), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020049
Received: 17 January 2019 / Revised: 24 January 2019 / Accepted: 25 January 2019 / Published: 28 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Rivers)
The Aleutian Low (AL) operates multiple time scales. The intraseasonal variation of AL is responsible for the subseasonal variability over the pan-North Pacific region. Atmospheric water vapor transport and atmospheric rivers (ARs) changes associated with the intraseasonal variation of AL are investigated over the North Pacific region for the winters of 1979–2014 in this study. The AL's intraseasonal variation with a peak period of 40 days is identified. A total of 43 events that demonstrate the AL's feature of strengthening and then weakening is picked and used for composition analysis. During the AL's strengthening stage, eastward water vapor transport is dominant to the west of 150° W over the mid-basin. Meanwhile, poleward transport is dominant between 150–125° W. During the AL's weakening stage, the eastward transport is weakened, and the poleward transport is concentrated over the center basin. Accompanied by the AL's intraseasonal intensity oscillation, the frequency of ARs firstly increases, and then decreases over the ARs' climatological mean body region over the North Pacific. The moisture source over the western North Pacific is hoarded during non-AR days, while the moisture sinks over the northeastern North Pacific during the AL's strengthening stage, and the moisture sources over the center basin during the AL's weakening stage converge during AR days. Hydroclimate effects on anomalies in precipitation over the west coast of North America are also analyzed.
Keywords: Aleutian Low; atmospheric rivers; water vapor transport; intraseasonal variation Aleutian Low; atmospheric rivers; water vapor transport; intraseasonal variation
The Aleutian low (AL) is a large-scale cyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere, with its main body located over the midlatitude North Pacific during winter. The natural variability of AL operates multiple time scales. The changes of AL can directly influence the atmospheric condition over the pan-North Pacific region [1,2,3]. For example, the intraseasonal variation of AL can cause pressure, wind, and moisture fluctuations over the North Pacific region within a subseasonal time scale [4,5]. Thus, the intraseasonal variation of AL is responsible for subseasonal variability over the pan-North Pacific region.
The AL influences the weather and hydroclimate through dynamical and hydrologic cycle processes [1,5]. Regarding the hydrologic cycle aspect, atmospheric water vapor transport has drawn attention in the literature [5,6,7,8] because it embraces both atmospheric circulation process and moisture conditions in the mid and lower levels. The atmospheric circulation drives the water vapor to transport across a long distance, and creates a convergence or divergence of moisture [6]. The convergence of water vapor transport suggests an enhancement of local atmospheric moisture, and is helpful to precipitation. However, our understanding of the atmospheric water vapor transport that is accompanied by the intraseasonal variation of AL is incomplete. We investigate this issue in the present study.
Over the North Pacific, the water vapor transport feature shows diversity. The time-mean circulation moves moisture zonally within ocean basins. The direction of water vapor transport on a subseasonal time scale is both from ocean to land and toward the poles [7]. The storm track-related water vapor transport dominates poleward transport [7,8]. Especially, Newell et al. (1992) [9] ascertained from the twice-daily data that the water vapor transport was centralized into filaments in the midlatitudes, which Zhu and Newell (1994; 1998) later named atmospheric rivers (ARs) [10,11]. The moisture transport flux in a typical AR is about 1.6 × 10 8 kg⋅m−1⋅s−1, which is similar to the flux in the Amazon [9]. Due to its large magnitude of moisture fluxes, ARs have a crucial role in forming precipitation over East Asia, the North Pacific, and North America [12,13,14,15,16]. In particular, extreme precipitation along the United States (U.S.) West Coast is largely fueled by ARs [17,18,19].
Usually, ARs develop over synoptic time scales. They are characterized by a narrow and strong moisture belt that is associated with storms over the midlatitude oceanic region. The location and frequency of AR events vary with background large-scale atmospheric circulation [20,21]. Previous studies have shown that the decadal variations of ARs over the North Pacific region are connected with two decadal modes of sea surface temperature: the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) [8]. The year-to-year changes in AR frequency, intensity, and landing location are closely related with ENSO diversity [22] and atmospheric internal variability [19]. However, the causes of intraseasonal variations of ARs are not clear. We speculate that the intraseasonal variation of AL can modulate the behavior of ARs, leading to the intraseasonal variations of ARs. The present study also addresses this problem.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the data and methods. Section 3 is the results section; it presents the intraseasonal variation of AL, ARs, and moisture transport changes associated with the intraseasonal variation of AL, as well as precipitation anomalies. Section 4 contains the discussion and conclusions.
2. Data and Methods
Atmospheric elements, including specific humidity, horizontal wind fields, and mean sea level pressure (MSLP) are from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim; [23]) daily analysis from 1 January 1979 to 1 December 2015 with resolution of 0.75° × 0.75°. The Climate Prediction Center (CPC) developed gridded observations of daily precipitation covering global land areas, and the time period 1979 to the present is used in this study with 0.5° × 0.5° (hereafter the CPC precipitation). This gridded precipitation product came from rain gauge observations over global land areas [24]. This study was conducted for the winter season of December 1979 through February 2015. The winter of 1979 includes December 1979, January 1980, and February 1980, and so on. There are total 90 days in every winter.
2.2. Calculation of Integrated Water Vapor Transport and AR Frequency
The integrated water vapor transport (IVT) is computed according to the formula:
IVT = 1 g ∫ P t P s q · V ⇀ d p
In this equation, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and P s is the surface air pressure (1000 hPa). q is the specific humidity, V → is the horizontal wind, and P t is the upper limit of the integral (300 hPa). A convergent field of moisture transport (∇·IVT < 0) means an area of moisture sink, while a divergent one (∇·IVT > 0) builds up the moisture source.
Zhu and Newell (1998) [11] proposed an algorithm for judging AR days and non-AR days:
Q r ≥ Q z o n a l m e a n + 0.3 × ( Q max − Q z o n a l m e a n )
where Q r is the magnitude of IVT at a grid point. Q z o n a l m e a n is the zonal mean value of Q r along a given latitude. Q max indicates the magnitude of the maximum flux along a given latitude. A grid point is classified as an AR grid when the magnitude of IVT at this grid ( Q r ) obeys the above criteria. Meanwhile, the corresponding date for this AR grid is recorded as an AR day. Otherwise, it is a non-AR day. The AR frequency at a grid point for every winter is calculated according to the ratio of the number of AR days at this grid point to the number of days in a whole winter (90-day).
The method for judging ARs shows the diversity in the literature [20,21,25]. Shields et al. (2018) [25] summarized different algorithms for the detection of ARs (including landfalling ARs) in their Table 1. We use Formula (2) in the present study because it can represent the filamentary structure of AR with strong moisture transport over the midlatitude North Pacific, which meets our study demands. Meanwhile, it is also easy to calculate.
2.3. Definition of AL Index on Intraseasonal Time-Scale (ALI)
The daily data for the whole years 1979–2015 were filtered using a 20 to 80-day band-pass filter to obtain the intraseasonal signal. The filter that was used is the Butterworth filter [26]. The wintertime AL index on intraseasonal time-scale (ALI) is defined by the domain average of the filtered MSLP anomaly over the region of (160° E–140° W, 30° N–65° N, red box in Figure 1) for the winters of 1979–2014 [27]. Therefore, the ALI has a total sample of 36 (year) × 90 (day) = 3240 days. AL oscillation events are picked according to the ALI time series. As an example, Figure 2a shows the ALI on a 20 to 80-day time-scale for the winter of 2007 and one picked event. We picked a total of 43 events according to ALI. There are one or two AL oscillation events in a winter because the ALI has a peak periodicity of about 40 days in most winters, and 20 to 40 days in several other winters.
3.1. Intraseasonal Variation of AL
Figure 1 shows the climatological field of MSLP and 20 to 80-day standard deviations of MSLP during the winters of 1979–2014. The large value of MSLP's intraseasonal variance is located over the mid-North Pacific basin. Its center is slightly on the eastern part of the climatological AL. Thus, it is reasonable to use the red box domain to define the ALI. We obtained the daily ALI for winters of 1979–2014 according to Section 2.3. Figure 2a displays the time series of the daily ALI, as well as an identified AL intraseasonal oscillation event for the winter of 2007. The averaged power spectrum of ALI in winters 1979–2014 is shown in Figure 2c. The peak periodicity is about 40 days, according to Figure 2c. Meanwhile, a periodicity shorter than 40 days is also seen in Figure 2c. As examples, the power spectra of ALI in four individual winters (1986, 1996, 2007, and 2012) are plotted in Figure 2d–g. Figure 2d,f show a similar peak periodicity as Figure 2c, while Figure 2e,g show a periodicity that is robustly shorter than 40 days.
Each AL oscillation event is divided into eight phases. Figure 2b shows the eight phases. Phase three represents the strongest stage of AL with the minimum value of ALI. Phase seven is corresponding to the weakest stage of AL with the maximum value of ALI. Phase five denotes the transition from the strong AL to the weak AL period. Phases two, four, six, and eight are defined at the time when the oscillation reaches half of its minimum or maximum amplitude. According to above eight phases, the structure and evolution of AL on an intraseasonal time-scale can be examined by a phase composition. For the composition of phase n , we use the average of three days: one day leading into phase n , the day of phase n , and one day after phase n . The life cycle of an oscillation that is shown above is commonly used for examining the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation, similar to the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) [28,29] and the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation over the Asian summer monsoon region [30].
Figure 3 plots the life cycle composite of MSLP anomaly based on the ALI in eight phases for 43 AL intraseasonal oscillation events. The signals are concentrated over the pan-North Pacific region, especially over the North Pacific basin region. From phases one to three, the continuous enhancement in the AL's intensity is seen (Figure 3a–c). The AL's circulation gets its strongest in phase three. From phases four to five, the cyclonic circulation anomaly over the North Pacific basin fades away, and an anticyclonic circulation occupies over the basin region. In phase seven, the AL is in its weakest stage.
3.2. IVT and AR Changes Associated with the Intraseasonal Variation of AL
In this section, we reveal the changes in atmospheric water vapor transport and its divergence, and the ARs associated with the intraseasonal variation of AL over the North Pacific in winter. To demonstrate the fluctuation clearly, we show the actual value of IVT, ∇·IVT, and ARs, rather than the anomalies.
Figure 4 depicts the life cycle composite of IVT and ∇·IVT based on ALI in eight phases. A total of 43 AL intraseasonal oscillation events were used for composition. Overall, the observed IVT over the North Pacific region showed cyclonic transports for all the phases. However, the magnitude and direction of the IVT showed considerable differences between the AL's strengthening stage (phases two, three, and four) and its weakened stage (phases six, seven, and eight). The IVT is featured by eastward transport to the west of 150° W, and poleward transport between 150° W–125° W during phases one to four. During phases five to eight, especially in phase seven, the eastward transport is slightly weaker, and mainly located to the west of the dateline, compared with the earlier stage. Meanwhile, a weak poleward transport is mostly concentrated over the western and central areas of the oceanic basin. The large moisture source is located over the western North Pacific, and the large moisture sink is over the northeastern North Pacific, which is the west coast of North America in phase three. In contrast, both the moisture source and moisture sink are weaker in phase seven. The moisture sink region shifts to the center basin in phase seven.
The structure and evolution of actual IVT during eight phases are highly associated with the life cycle of the AL. During the AL's strengthening stage, especially in phase three, the enhanced cyclonic circulation suggests strengthened westerly winds over the mid-basin and strengthened northward and northeastward winds over the northeastern North Pacific (Figure 3c). Therefore, the AL's circulation during phase three transports more moisture eastward over the mid-basin and poleward over the northeastern North Pacific (Figure 4c). During the AL's weakened stage, especially phase seven, the moisture transport to the east of the dateline becomes weak because of the weakened AL.
Figure 5 shows the distribution of AR frequency over the North Pacific during the AL's eight phases. The numerical value in Figure 5 is actual value of the AR frequency (not the anomaly). Thus, there is no negative value in Figure 5. The blue contour in Figure 5 means a climatological winter AR frequency of 30%, indicating the AR's climatological main body region. From phases one to three, the AR frequency increases dramatically in its main body region. In phase three, the AR frequency in its main body region is larger than 40% (namely, larger than the climatological value). The region with 40% AR frequency stretches northeastward toward the western coastal region of North America, and even occupies the region of the Gulf of Alaska. The above enhancement of AR frequency is consistent with the strengthened AL and enhanced IVT over the same region. After phase four, the AR frequency decreases dramatically in its main body region. It enters its weakest stage during phase seven. The AR frequency in its main body region is robustly smaller than 30% in phase seven (namely, smaller than the climatological value). There is a slightly increased AR frequency north of 40° N over the basin region in phase seven (Figure 5g), which is due to the occurrence of poleward transport in this stage (Figure 4g). An AR judgment of Formula (2) has no threshold requirements for IVT or integrated water vapor (IWV). Therefore, more ARs might be detected in this study, especially over mid–high latitudes.
Composite fields of IVT and ∇⋅ IVT in phases three and seven for group AR days and non-AR days are illustrated in Figure 6. More intensive moisture transportation is seen for the AR day group than that for the non-AR day group, for both phases three and seven. For example, the IVT magnitude along 30° N over the mid-basin for the AR day group (Figure 6a) is about twice that for the non-AR day group (Figure 6c). Similarly, the IVT magnitude averaged over the northwestern North Pacific region for the AR day group (Figure 6a) is approximately two to three times larger than that of the non-AR day group (Figure 6c). For phase 7, the poleward transport is performed during the AR days (Figure 6b), but not on the non-AR days (Figure 6d). Regarding the moisture source and sink aspect, the moisture source over the western North Pacific is hoarded during non-AR days, while the moisture sinks over the northeastern North Pacific in phase three and those over the center basin in phase seven are converged during AR days.
Previous studies have demonstrated the huge contribution of the amount of IVT (∇⋅IVT) produced in AR-days to the total amount of IVT (∇⋅IVT) in the whole winter [7,8,20]. Figure 6 only highlights the intensity distribution of IVT for AR days and non-AR days. The quantitative contribution of IVT (∇⋅IVT) in AR days to the total amount of IVT (∇⋅IVT) for different phases is still not clear. To answer this question, we firstly calculate the accumulated amount of zonal component of IVT (denoted as IVT-X) that was performed on AR days in phase n for the 43 AL oscillation events for every grid cell. Secondly, the ratio of the accumulated amount of IVT-X performed on AR days to the total amount of IVT-X for total days in phase n for every grid cell is obtained. Similar processes are done for the meridional component of IVT (denoted as IVT-Y) and ∇⋅ IVT.
The above ratios are plotted in Figure 7 and Figure 8. It is observed that the accumulated amount of IVT-X (IVT-Y) during AR days is important mostly within AR's main body region in phase three, which finishes 50–90% of the total amount of IVT-X (IVT-Y) for the total number of days in phase three (Figure 7a). The region with a ratio larger than one in Figure 7c,d denotes the occurrence of the opposite direction of an accumulated amount of IVT-Y between AR days and non-AR days. The accumulated amount of IVT-Y in AR days is northward, while it is slightly southward in the non-AR days, and is around the region of (160° E–160° W, 25° N–40° N) in phase three (Figure 7c). The poleward vapor transport in phase seven (Figure 4g) is mostly done during AR days (Figure 7d). Figure 8 shows that the moisture sink during AR days overwhelmingly dominates the pattern shown in Figure 4c,g.
3.3. Precipitation Anomalies
Figure 9 depicts the composite fields of precipitation anomalies over northwestern North America for AL's eight phases. Over the coastal region of northwestern North America, a positive anomaly in precipitation is seen in phases three and four. It gradually fades away in phase five, and shifts to a negative one in phase seven. The cause of the above opposite pattern in precipitation between phases three and seven can be attributed to the changes of moisture transport and AR frequency between these two phases. Figure 10 plots differences between phases three and seven for moisture transport and its convergence difference, as well as AR frequency. Compared to those in phase seven, more moisture transports towards the coastal region north of 40° N, and a larger AR frequency occurs over the northeastern North Pacific region in phase three. Thus, more moisture converges over the northwest coastal region, leading to more precipitation over the coastal region of northwestern North America in phase 3.
4.1. Discussion
The present study demonstrates the changes of IVT and ARs accompanied by the intraseasonal variation of AL. However, the cause of the intraseasonal variation of AL is still not clear. Previous studies have shown that, as a dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability, the MJO has a remote impact on the large-scale circulation over the pan-North Pacific region [28,31] and the landfalling ARs over the west coast of North America [29]. In addition, in phase three, a negative anomaly in precipitation is seen over southeast China and southern Japan (figure omitted), while a positive one is observed over the coastal region of northwestern North America (Figure 9c). In phase seven, an opposite pattern of positive precipitation over southeast China (figure omitted) and negative one over the coastal region of northwestern North America appears (Figure 9g). Previous study has suggested that the precipitation over southeast China is influenced by the MJO [32]. Therefore, the issue about the relationship between the MJO and intraseasonal variations of AL and their climate effects needs to be addressed in future study.
The results about ARs are sensitive to the AR criteria [20,25]. We also use integrated water vapor (IWV, IWV = 1 g ∫ P t P s q d p ) to detect ARs according to Formula (2). Figure 11 plots the composite AR frequency for phases three and seven by the IWV method. Comparatively, the IWV method produces slightly more ARs than the IVT method, especially over the northwestern North Pacific region. We have no geometry requirement (e.g., length and width) or threshold requirement for the IVT (IWV) by which to judge the AR. Thus, slightly more AR may be detected in the present study.
4.2. Conclusions
This study investigates the intraseasonal variation of AL, and the accompanied atmospheric water vapor transport and ARs over the North Pacific during winters of 1979–2014. The daily data are filtered using a 20 to 80-day band-pass filter to obtain the intraseasonal signal. The AL index regarding the intraseasonal time scale is defined by the area average of the filtered MSLP anomaly over the region of (160° E–140° W, 30–65° N) for the winters (December, January, and February) of 1979–2014 (36 × 90 = 3240 days in total). The above AL index has a peak period of 40 days. We identified 43 AL's intraseasonal oscillation events. Each event exhibits the AL's intensity variation on an intraseaonal time scale. We divided each event into eight phases. The AL gets its strongest in phase three and weakest in phase seven.
During the AL's intraseasonal life cycle, the IVT over the North Pacific region shows cyclonic transports for all the phases. However, the magnitude and direction are different between AL's strengthening stage and its weakened stage. During the AL's strengthening stage, the eastward water vapor transport is seen to the west of 150° W between 25° N–40° N. Poleward transport is dominant over the northeastern North Pacific region. During the AL's weakening stage, the eastward transport is weakened and contracts to the west of the dateline. The poleward transport is only seen over the center basin. During the AL's intraseasonal life cycle, AR frequency also demonstrates intraseasonal changes. AR frequency firstly increases then decreases over its climatological mean body region over the North Pacific. In phase three, the AR frequency in its climatological main body region is about 40–60% (which is larger than the climatological value of 30%). In phase seven, it is only about 20%. The IVT magnitude of the AR day group is markedly stronger than that of the non-AR day group for both phases three and seven.
During the AL's intraseasonal life cycle, the divergence field of IVT shows broad areas of moisture sources within the subtropics and western North Pacific, and sinks over the northeastern North Pacific, including the west coast of North America, and the center basin. We divided the total composition into AR days and non-AR days for every phase. The results show that a moisture source over the western North Pacific is formed during non-AR days, while the moisture sinks over the northeastern North Pacific (the west coast of North America) in phase three and the center basin in phase seven are fuelled during AR days. During the AL's intraseasonal life cycle, the anomalies in precipitation also display an intraseasonal fluctuation. In phase three, a positive precipitation is observed over the coastal region of northwestern North America. In phase seven, an opposite pattern of negative one over the coastal region of northwestern North America appears. It is suggested that the intraseasonal variation of Aleutian Low can modulate precipitation anomalies over the west coast of North America through moisture transport and AR frequency.
Y.X., Q.C., and X.R. processed raw data, conducted analysis and made figures. X.R. and Y.X. wrote the paper.
This work was jointly supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1505903), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41621005, 41675067 and 41330420).
We thank the reviewers for their careful review of our manuscript and for many valuable comments and suggestions. The ERA-Interim daily and monthly data is downloaded from http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/.
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Figure 1. Climatological field of the mean sea level pressure (MSLP, shaded; hPa) and 20 to 80-day standard deviations of MSLP (contour; hPa) during winters of 1979–2014. The red box (160° E–140° W, 30–65° N) denotes the area for the definition of the Aleutian Low index on a 20 to 80-day time scale.
Figure 2. (a) Time series of daily MSLP for the region over 160° E–140° W, 30–65° N (box in Figure 1) (purple dotted line, in hPa) and the Aleutian Low index (ALI) on a 20 to 80-day time-scale (ALI, red line) for the winter of 2007. The black dots and blue line indicate the beginning and end of an identified event. (b) A diagram showing eight phase points for composition. (c) Averaged power spectra of ALI in winters between 1979–2014 and (d–g) in four individual winters (1986, 1996, 2007, and 2012). The dotted lines in (c–g) are the spectrum of 95% confidence level.
Figure 3. Life cycle composite of MSLP anomaly based on ALI in eight phases (hPa). Green contours in Figure 3c,g denote a significant area at the 95% confidence level. (a) to (h) corresponsing to phases 1 to 8.
Figure 4. Life cycle composite of integrated water vapor transport (IVT, vector; kg m−1 s−1) and its divergence (∇⋅ IVT, shaded areas; kg m−2 d−1) based on ALI in eight phases. (a) to (h) corresponding to phases 1 to 8.
Figure 5. As in Figure 4, but for atmospheric river (AR) frequency (%). Blue contours indicate the climatological winter AR frequency of 30%. (a) to (h) corresponding to phases 1 to 8.
Figure 6. Composite fields of IVT (vector; kg m−1 s−1) and ∇⋅ IVT (shaded areas; kg m−2 d−1) in phases three (a,c) and seven (b,d) for group AR days (a,b) and non-AR days (c,d). Only the fields with AR frequency exceeding 10% are shown in (a) and (b).
Figure 7. Upper panel: composite fields of ratio of the zonal component of IVT (IVT-X) for the group of AR days to IVT-X for total days. Lower panel: composite fields of ratio of the meridional component of IVT (IVT-Y) for the group of AR days to IVT-Y for total days. (a) and (c) for phase three, and (b) and (d) for phase seven. Blue contours indicate the AR frequency of 30% and 50% in their individual phases.
Figure 8. As in Figure 7, but for ∇⋅ IVT.
Figure 9. As in Figure 3, but for precipitation anomalies (mm day−1) over northwestern North America. (a) to (h) corresponding to phases 1 to 8.
Figure 10. (a) Moisture transport (vector; kg m−1 s−1) and its convergence (shaded areas; kg m−2 d−1) difference between phases three and seven. (b) AR frequency (%) difference between phases three and seven.
Figure 11. As in Figure 5c,g, but for the integrated water vapor (IWV) method.
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Volvo will debut it's new hydraulically controlled dual-clutch gearbox in diesel variants of it's Volvo S40 sedan and Volvo V50 stationwagon models, coinciding with a mid-life facelift of the two cars. Parent company Ford also plans to introduce the dual-clutch gearbox to other models like the Ford Focus and the Ford Focus C-MAX, which currently also offer CVT gearboxes, as well as the Land Rover Freelander and some Mazda models. Ford Focus ST or MazdaSpeed 3 with a dual-clutch gearbox, anyone?
While Volkswagen's extremely good Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG) is supplied by BorgWarner, Ford gets it's units from Getrag, and the system is called Powershift.


Ryan Leary is an associate at The Brattle Group with experience working on investment related cases with an emphasis on suitability analysis. He received his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he focused his empirical academic research on international finance. His work has been published by the National Bureau of Economic Research. Prior to receiving his Ph.D., Dr. Leary held positions at the Congressional Budget Office and the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.
Brattle Associate Ryan Leary will speak at the National Bureau of Economic Research's (NBER) International Finance and Macroeconomics Program, to be held October 26 in Cambridge, MA.


If your family is like mine then football is a big part of your Thanksgiving tradition. If you remember earlier this year Tom Brady was suspended 4 games related to playing with balls below the required pressure. He was banned from being around all team activities. A sports site got creative and made this ultra-real looking Brady mask using 3D printing. Checkout the video to see how it was done. Happy Thanksgiving!


text:
Q: Is there a command-line tool which returns the colour of the pixel based on screen co-ordinates? Is there a command-line tool returns the colour value of a pixel, based solely on its screen co-ordinates.
Is there such a tool?
(Also: The tool should not require any user action. It is to run in a loop in a script.)

A: This is a bit cludgy, but you can achieve this with xdotool which lets you interact with the mouse, and grabc which gets the colour from a location clicked on screen.
sudo apt-get install xdotool grabc

First run grabc but background it
grabc &

Then perform a mouseclick using xdotool
xdotool click 1

The click will be captured by grabc's cursor and the background process with output the color.

A: A different solution, using xwd and xdotool:
xwd -root -silent | convert xwd:- -depth 8 -crop "1x1+$X+$Y" txt:- | grep -om1 '#\w\+'

where $X and $Y are your coordinates.
As part of Xorg xwd should come preinstalled on your system. xdotool can be installed with:
sudo apt-get install xdotool

Based on @Christian's answer on a StackOverflow Q&A and this imagemagick.org thread.

A: I have written a python module for operations like this, called Macropolo. But, it does much more things than simply getting the color of a pixel on the screen.
Here's the forum post where I've shared it: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2155281
The module has many functions that allow you to e.g. count the amount of pixels that have a specific color in an area of the screen, search for pixel color(s) in area, wait for a pixel or an area of the screen have a specific color, wait for pixel color and run some other function while waiting (e.g. move the cursor for not letting the screen turn off while you are waiting for a specific color).
But, as I said, it does a lot more things, like simulating mouse clicks and keyboard, screenshot taking of area of the screen and more.

A: You can use the program grabc. It will turn your mouse pointer in a crosshair and return HTML and RGB values of the selected color.
sudo apt-get install grabc

Downside: it's not possible to do pixel-exact selections due to the crosshair not being thin enough.

You can also create a python script, something like:
#!/usr/bin/python -W ignore::DeprecationWarning
import sys
import gtk

def get_pixel_rgb(x, y):
    pixbuf = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, 1, 1)
    pixbuf.get_from_drawable(gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window(),
                             gtk.gdk.colormap_get_system(),
                             x, y, 0, 0, 1, 1)
    return pixbuf.get_pixels_array()[0][0]

print get_pixel_rgb(int(sys.argv[1]), int(sys.argv[2]))

make it executable, and run pixel_rgb="$(/path/to/script.py x y)" in your bash script. Of course you'd need to alter the script the way you need it, add some error handling, and such.
PS: I'm not exactly sure you can do anything about the DeprecationWarning, so I turned it off in the first line.

A: I wrote a little script using import and convert (from package imagemagick).
import allows you to take a screenshot, even a 1 px screenshot. convert allows you to transform it to text (what? a bad idea ? i don't know what you're talking about).
Here's the code :

#!/bin/bash

# import -window root -crop '{largeur}x{hauteur}+{position_x}+{position_y}' image.png
# convert image.png image.txt

if [[ -z $1 ]] || [[ -z $2 ]] || [[ $1 = "-h" ]] || [[ $1 = "--help" ]]; then
    echo "Returns the color of a pixel."
    echo "  Usage : $0 <x:int> <y:int> [<format:{1,2,3}>]"
    exit 1
fi

# Paths of temp files
path_png="/tmp/image_getpixelsh.png"
path_txt="/tmp/image_getpixelsh.txt"

# Parameters
position_x=$1
position_y=$2
format=$3

# Taking screenshot & converting it
import -window root -crop "1x1+$position_x+$position_y" $path_png
convert $path_png $path_txt

# Output depending on format
case $format in
    "1") tail -n 1 <$path_txt | cut -d "(" -f 2 | cut -d ")" -f 1 ;;
    "2") tail -n 1 <$path_txt | cut -d "#" -f 2 | cut -d " " -f 1 ;;
    "3") tail -n 1 <$path_txt | cut -d "#" -f 2 | cut -d " " -f 3 ;;
    *)
        tail -n 1 <$path_txt | cut -d "(" -f 2 | cut -d ")" -f 1
        tail -n 1 <$path_txt | cut -d "#" -f 2 | cut -d " " -f 1
        tail -n 1 <$path_txt | cut -d "#" -f 2 | cut -d " " -f 3
        ;;
esac

# Clean temp files
rm $path_png
rm $path_txt

Problem is : it's a bit slow, on my computer it takes like 9 secondes to run it 20 times, so  it's about half a second to execute.
Whatmore, taking a bigger screenshot would make it harder to convert (a full screenshot converted to text produces a HUGE files, realy bad idea) and to process the convert's output. It would be nice to be able to pick various pixel from 1 screenshot, but easier to say than to do ^^'
I'll complete this answere if I take the time to make a better script ;-) Feel free to share any tips !


Over the years, many books and documentaries and t shirts heralding the the wolves of Yellowstone have matriculated through our consciousness. With the benefit of hindsight - and 20 years of meticulous field notes, legal proceedings, and media coverage - Blakeslee blends the narratives of the wolves themselves with the human closest to them, a ranger called Rick that never wrote his own book but spent most of his life observing generations of the packs. The most riveting facet, though, is undoubtedly the story of 0-Six, a female alpha whose rise is a tense saga of primal politics. What I find unique about Blakeslee's story is that there is a concerted effort to avoid attributing human characteristics to animals, leaving a clear and tense narrative of wolves and not the imaginings of the human observer.


Charles Ewart DARWENT, clergyman, author and photographer, was born in Barnard Castle, County Durham, England, in 1858. He took up the post of Minister at the Union Church, Shanghai in January 1899. For the next twenty years he was a prominent and popular figure in Shanghai, before moving to Tientsin (Tianjin) in 1919, where he died on 12 October 1924. The Revd. C.E. Darwent published his photographer-friendly guidebook Shanghai: a handbook for travellers and residents to the chief objects of interest in and around the foreign settlement and native city in 1904. Two years later he was a founding member and first chairman of the Shanghai Amateur Photographic Society (S.A.P.S.). In 2009, the Historical Photographs of China project digitised an album of his own photographs (HPC ref: Da01), some of which had been published in his city guidebook. The HPC exhibition Darwent Revisited: Shanghai now and then (See http://visualisingchina.net/blog/2013/02/06/revisiting-darwents-shanghai/) was inspired by the text in his guidebook and by his photographs. Portrait of Charles Darwent: Bk06-01.


text:
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Although ads on our site will generally be aligned with our mission, they will usually link to a website that is operated by a certain advertiser. Such instances imply that we have no control over the policies on the linked website, and therefore we are not accountable for the user journey and its outcome once a visitor clicks on the ad. To increase safety, we suggest that the visitors familiarize themselves with the third party's policies and terms of use before using third party advertisers' products and services.
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Travellers and consumer groups have bemoaned the downsizing of personal space on planes for years, watching as the average seat, once 18 inches wide, shrank by an inch and a half, and the distance between rows went from an average of 35 inches to 31 inches – 28 inches on some airlines.
At 6-foot-1, Zach Guimond, a manufacturing engineer from Iowa has grown accustomed to being squeezed when he travels. But on a recent flight – he can't remember the model of plane – he found himself in a bathroom so tiny, he had to lean to one side to fit inside.
And you do not have to be overweight to feel the squeeze when you fly.
There is no federal standard for bathroom size on single-aisle aircraft, so the decision is largely left to the airlines and manufacturers. However, aircraft with 60 or more seats that do not have an accessible bathroom for people with disabilities must provide an onboard wheelchair to provide access as long they have been given 48 hours notice. The chairs are designed to help disabled passengers get to the bathroom door – but not necessarily inside the lavatory.


text:
List of Extreme and Adventure Sports
BRAND DRIVERS
Continues global EXTREME action sports partnership
Skiing and snowboarding added to renewed sports sponsorship deal,
supported by three key Stanley Black & Decker tool brands
Following its successful collaboration with EXTREME (www.extremeinternational.com) in 2016, Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. is once again joining forces with the action sports organization, in a partnership that will see three of its acclaimed power tools, hand tools and storage brands sponsoring high profile athletes and events across the sporting calendar.
Reflecting the values that Stanley Black & Decker holds as an organization, the extreme sports category is continuously ahead of the curve when it comes to breakthrough innovation, fast-paced development, extraordinary performance and purposely championing fresh new talent, making it a pertinent affiliation for the international company.
As with the previous year's arrangement, Stanley Black & Decker tools will be used by the athletes, technicians and engineers to ensure that essential equipment, such as bikes and skateboards, are maintained and tuned to exacting professional standards. The supporting teams who meticulously prepare and build crucial apparatus and structures, including ramps, rails, walls and tracks, will also rely on the company's products to deliver construction projects throughout the season.
In addition to the Skateboarding, Freeride Mountain Biking (MTB) and BMX categories supported last year, the collaboration will incorporate two additional exciting sports in 2017: Skiing and Snowboarding.
As part of the worldwide agreement, DeWALT, BLACK+DECKER and STANLEY will embark upon a host of activities and events, supporting 23 athletes across 13 nations, participating in action-packed competitions from grass roots to professional level.
Mike Simpson, CMO, Global Corporate Marketing, Stanley Black & Decker, commented, "Throughout 2016, we witnessed how our EXTREME athletes persistently took their craft to the next level, as competitors and social media influencers. As one of the fastest-growing categories in sport globally, we are excited to be part of the ongoing action sports phenomenon, supporting talented up-and-coming athletes, as well as established EXTREME stars who continue to deliver breakthrough results. This partnership further enhances our relevance to the next generation, a generation who will become consumer DIYers and professional tool users in the future. It is essential that we connect now through relevant co-created storytelling via our athletes."
Alistair Gosling, CEO, EXTREME, added, "Action sports are growing in popularity around the globe at an astounding rate, thanks largely to the motivation and genuine passion of the athletes involved, backed by unwavering support from devoted fan bases. Our athletes are true pioneers in their field, constantly breaking the mold with their outstanding skills, commitment and spirit. We are thrilled to welcome Stanley Black & Decker, once again, as an exceptionally relevant and fitting partner – endorsing our high-performing athletes, but also providing invaluable support to the dedicated teams behind the scenes, with the supply of world-class, reliable tools and solutions to ensure their ongoing success."
Furthermore, Stanley Black & Decker has been confirmed as the official partner at a number of major EXTREME competitions and events througout 2017. STANLEY will be the official tool supplier for the high profile Dew Tour contest series, which takes place at California Long Beach in July, attracting 168 million TV viewers each year, while DeWALT will become the official tool supplier to the CrankWorx Mountain Bike Festival, located in Whistler, Canada, which draws audiences of 40,000 MTB devotees annually.
Building on the success of last year's competition, BLACK+DECKER was named official tool supplier at FISE World Montpellier, with an astonishing attendance of 800,000 visitors and an expected 28 million global TV viewers.
Extending the reach of the organization's involvement in the action sports arena, Stanley Black & Decker has also struck an innovative new association with leading US ramp construction company, CA Productions, which will be sponsored by the STANLEY brand.
In addition, DeWALT will sponsor legendary ramp design and creation expert, Nate Wessel, as well as high profile European ramp production firm, Four One Four.
Within the scope of these collaborations, STANLEY and DEWALT tools will be deployed to construct and secure world-class frameworks and structures, providing further visibility for the brands at professional competitions and festivals around the globe.
These partnerships will allow Stanley Black & Decker brands to tap into the innovative and creative storytelling campaigns designed to captivate social audiences and foster relationships with a new generation of fan and tool user.
Additional information can be found at http://www.stanleyblackanddecker.com/
For further details, please contact: Ryan Maxwell – ryan@extremeinternational.com
About Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.
Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. is a global provider of hand tools, power tools and related accessories, engineered fastening systems, storage, as well as solutions for electronic security, mechanical access, healthcare, infrastructure and more. Since 1843, the company has delivered hardworking, innovative tools that help professionals, organisations and individuals around the world to build, repair and protect their valuable projects and creations. With its dedication to excellence in products, people and practices, the company is committed to sustainable business policies and initiatives that reduce its impact on the environment, and improve the lives of its customers and their communities. Headquartered in Connecticut, USA, Stanley Black & Decker employs more than 50,000 people globally, and achieved total revenues of $11.4 billion in FY 2016.
About EXTREME
EXTREME is a lifestyle brand fueled by the passion, creativity and freedom of action sport. For more than 20 years, EXTREME has been disrupting the status quo by inspiring fans and brands to step out of their comfort zones to experience something new and exhilarating. Each year, EXTREME supports more than 100 sponsored ambassadors and 80 events. With an average reach of 100 million people and in excess of 50 million video views per month, its digital media platforms deliver engaging content in relevant formats for an ever-growing fan base. EXTREME's unapologetic attitude and youth focus has created a truly unique business that delivers pioneering sports and entertainment marketing services, event activations, content creation, consumer product licensing and large scale sports and leisure real estate developments.
THE BUSINESS
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text:
Van Gerwen topples Taylor to retain Matchplay crown!
Photo: Lawrence Lustig/PDC
Michael van Gerwen retained his BetVictor World Matchplay crown with a thumping 18-10 victory over 15-time champion Phil Taylor at the Winter Gardens on Sunday evening. Taylor had an unblemished record in finals at the Matchplay, but he was unable to maintain this feat against an impressive 'Green Machine'.
Van Gerwen averaged 103.93, hit twelve maximums and boasted an excellent checkout conversion rate of 61%, to cap off a quality all-round display. He now joins Taylor and Rod Harrington as the only players to have retained the World Matchplay title, as he avenged his painful 2014 defeat to 'The Power'.
Taylor kicked off proceedings with a maximum and converted D10 to hold throw, but Van Gerwen responded with a 70 finish on D9. Taylor then spurned three clear darts to hold in the third leg, and MvG followed up a maximum with a clinical 77 checkout, to secure the first break of throw in the contest.
The world number one threatened a 9-darter in the following leg after registering back-to-back maximums, but he had to settle for an 11-darter, as he won his third straight leg. Taylor stopped the rot with a brilliant 177, followed by a 70 outshot culminating on the bull, but MvG regained his two-leg cushion by pinning D12.
The next four legs were shared, as Van Gerwen produced a two-dart 93 finish to edge 6-4 ahead at the second interval. The third session then proved decisive, as 'Mighty Mike' reeled off five straight legs to seize total command of the contest. Taylor had opportunities, but MvG took out finishes of 110 and 76 to move 11-4 ahead.
'The Power' was reeling, but he managed to halt Michael's growing momentum with a 75 finish; yet after he wired tops for back-to-back legs, Van Gerwen held throw on D10. Taylor responded strongly however, following up tops with a brilliant 11-darter to reduce the deficit to 12-7.
Nevertheless, any hopes of a Taylor fightback were relatively short-lived. The 27-year-old Boxtel ace restored his six-leg cushion by following up his tenth maximum with a 73 kill, before Taylor fired in a classy 12-darter to remain in touch. Van Gerwen was unperturbed however, hitting scores of 180 and 177 en route to a 13-dart hold.
Taylor had the opportunity to cut the gap to 14-9 after landing a maximum, but he missed three darts at tops, enabling MvG to deliver a bruising 112 finish and move within three legs of victory. The 55-year-old Stoke star retorted by delivering a 130 finish on the bull, followed by an 81 finish for a 12-darter, as he managed to register double figures in legs.
However, van Gerwen was not to be denied. He maintained his composure superbly, winning three consecutive legs to secure victory, and scoop his 12th title of the year. Taylor didn't perform badly whatsoever, averaging 101.13 and hitting 43% of his doubles, but Van Gerwen was ultimately superior in the decisive moments.
Yet, the most surprising element of Taylor's performance was his on-stage antics. He led the crowd in performing the 'Icelandic Clap' throughout the latter stages of the contest and his behaviour became more erratic and uncharacteristic as the match progressed.
Van Gerwen was inevitably thrilled to defend his title. "It feels amazing to win this title again. I think I played well all through the tournament and I dominated the final – against Phil you always need to step up a bit and I did.
"Phil gave me a chance and he knows that if he gives me a chance I'll take them, and my confidence was there. He's never lost in a World Matchplay final so you know you need to play well, and I did that.
"I think I won this title quite comfortably but I did the right thing at the right moments in this tournament and I didn't make a lot of mistakes. I think I'm the best but you need to show it on that stage, especially in moments like that," Van Gerwen added.
However, Sunday evening was uncharted territory for Taylor, who was yet to lose in a Matchplay final. He reflected: "I'm gutted. I don't know why but I just didn't have enough, I'm shattered. He killed me, he bullied me. Darts has changed, I've been lucky enough to be involved with the greats, this is the greatest as far as I'm concerned."
BetVictor World Matchplay
Michael van Gerwen 18-10 Phil Taylor
Best of 35 legs
darts, Michael van Gerwen, Phil Taylor, World Matchplay 2016, World Matchplay Darts
Taylor: "Van Gerwen's got a problem with me tomorrow!"
OPINION: Taylor's antics were a sign of desperation!


text:
MIT Press Journals achieve historically high impact factors
SupaduDev | Press News
In a year that saw the launch of pioneering new journals in fields ranging from scientometrics and informetrics to the neurobiology of language, the MIT Press is proud to have achieved some of its best ever Impact Factor results.
Highlights in the data release of the 2018 Journal Citation Reports (JCR) from Clarivate Analytics include:
Overall citations of MIT Press journals are up by 10.5%
82% of MIT Press titles saw an increase in citations
Average Impact Factor increased by 10.5%, with 70% of MIT Press titles seeing higher Impact Factors
Out of seventeen titles, five have an Impact Factor over 3.000, and eight titles have an Impact Factor greater than 2.000.
MIT Press publishes the #2 and #6 journals in International Relations
International Security achieved its best Impact Factor in 20 years: 4.500. Global Environmental Politics rose 5% to 3.397. In its centennial year, the Review of Economics and Statistics garnered over 1,500 (11%) more citations than in 2017 and earned an Impact Factor of 3.636.
MIT Press science and technology journals also performed well with Evolutionary Computation rising 45% to 3.469 and the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience achieving 3.029.
"It is gratifying to see data demonstrating the significant impact and continued relevance of our journals," says Nick Lindsay, Director of Journals and Open Access at the MIT Press. "The strong results announced in this year's Journal Citation Reports are a tribute to the great work of our authors, editors, reviewers, and publishing team."
"For fifty-seven years the MIT Press has advanced knowledge by publishing significant works by leading educators and researchers around the globe for the broadest possible access, impact, and audience. In the year ahead, we look forward to not only publishing impactful work, but also to extending the reach and availability of scholarship and helping researchers develop publications run by and for their scholarly communities."
Conferences and Exhibits
Editors at the MIT Press
Game Studies
MIT Press Live!
Press Director
Science, Technology & Society
Sloan Management Review
University Press Week


text:
Love and hip hop
Omarion
Watch: Love and Hip Hop Hollywood (New Episode)
Get More: Love & Hip Hop Hollywood Looks like Love…
Love and Hip Hop Atlanta
EXCLUSIVE: Bloody Fight Breaks Out on LOVE AND HIP HOP Atlanta Season 3 Between Stevie J & Joseline 'Put Yo Hands On My Wife and I'll Kill You!'
Where is the LOVE in Love and Hip Hop Atlanta…
Love & Hip Hop LA
VH-1 'Love & Hip Hop' Is Coming to LA!!! But Can't Find a Star to Headline The Show!
Love & Hip Hop" is coming to L.A……. The producers…
Welcome2NYC
Fabolous Finally Pops The Question to Emily B After 12 Years??!!!!
Could It Be!?! Rumors are spreading that Love and Hip…
Niecey
Welcome2TheA
CONGRATS!! Love & Hip Hop Atlanta's Rasheeda Gives Birth To Baby Boy!!
LHHATL, Rasheeda and Kirk have welcomed a healthy baby boy into…
Love & Hip Hop New York
LOVE and HIP HOP NEW YORK' STARS Go On STRIKE!! (Contract Disputes)
My Paycheck is bigger than YOURS….. VH1's "Love and Hip…
Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 NextNext page


For the last few months since May, Electronic Arts and DICE have been giving away the DLC content from past Battlefield games as an act of promotion for Battlefield 1. This month the freebie is China Rising, a map and vehicle pack for Battlefield 4.
Take the fight to the east and dominate on four exotic, all-new multiplayer maps: Silk Road, Altai Range, Guilin Peaks, and Dragon Pass.
Jump into your jet or heli and dominate the dogfights in the Air Superiority game mode, where two teams fight for control of the skies.
The fan-favorite Dirt Bike makes a triumphant return in China Rising, and the new Bomber lets you bring massive destruction from above.
For those of you who already have China Rising and are questioning what's in this for them, EA has added an extra mission to the game. "Jump into any Battlefield 4 multiplayer mode and map and collectively score 89 Million total Assault Rifle kills to get a Gold Battlepack," they're promising. This mission is active between August 2, 2016 (9 AM Pacific) and August 8, 2016 (9 AM Pacific). So if you think you're good enough, get shooting!


text:
Hulme is a hamlet on the outskirts of the city of Stoke-on-Trent, in the English county of Staffordshire. Unlike Hulme End and Upper Hulme, Hulme village is situated on the city council owned boundary of Park Hall Country Park.

Hamlets in Staffordshire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Training department at Epilepsy Scotland provides a series of regular training courses, ranging from informal awareness talks to a full day course on managing difficult epilepsy. Those attending our courses include GPs, social care staff as well as parents looking after a child with epilepsy. We do, however, recognise that our regular courses may not suit everybody's needs, and we are always happy to taylor our courses to meet your particular requirements.
So, if you cannot find the course you are looking for, or want to have an informal chat about the content of our training courses, please contact our training coordinator Ian Stewart on 0141 427 4911 or istewart@epilepsyscotland.org.uk who will be happy to assist.


OSWEGO, NY – Thomas S. Plata, 95, a former resident of Southwest Eighth Street in Oswego, passed away Monday August 11, 2014, at St. Luke Health Services, surrounded by his loving family.
Tom was born in Oswego, the son of the late Stanislaw and Sofia (Boduch) Plata.
He was a veteran of World War II, serving in the US Army.
Prior to his retirement, he was employed as a painter for SUNY-Oswego.
He was the husband of the late Nancy E. (Losurdo) Plata, who died in 2004.
Tom was a former baseball player and had been a member of the Polish American Club.
He enjoyed gardening, golf, and playing the harmonica.
He is survived by his daughter, Mary Ann (John) Jackson of Oswego; a grandson, Thomas John (Jessica) Jackson of Seneca Falls; a great-grandson, Anthony Thomas Jackson of Seneca Falls; and several nieces and nephews.
He was predeceased by two sisters, Della Cavellier and Julia Casciere; and a brother, Mitchell Plata.
Funeral services will be held at 10:30 a.m. Thursday, in St. Stephen's Church.
Calling hours will be held from 4 to 7 p.m. Wednesday at the Dain-Cullinan Funeral Home, 112 E. Second St.
Memorial contributions can be made to the John Foster Burden Fund, St. Luke Health Services, 299 East River Road, Oswego, NY 13126.


text:
Xeonlive
Your source for everything music
Tour Now
THE ENEMY UK SIGN WITH EONE MUSIC
October 25, 2012 Nick
DIGITAL EP DUE OUT THIS FALL
(NEW YORK, NY) – One of UK's most beloved rock bands, THE ENEMY UK have signed a North American deal with eOne Music and will release a brand new digital only EP titled, "Streets in the Sky" here in the states this fall.
The "Streets In The Sky" full length has already been released in the UK debuting at #9 on the UK album chart with full critical acclaim from NME, Q, & The Sun. eOne will release an EP in Fall 2012 featuring the lead single "Gimme The Sign", followed by the full album release in Spring 2013.
With The Bronx's Joby J. Ford in the producer's chair, this is the band's most hard hitting material to date. They will be announcing U.S. dates in 2013 to coincide with the full album's release.
1. Gimme The Sign
2. Saturday
3. This Is Real
4. Blue Monday
The Enemy formed in hometown Coventry in 2006 by three friends; Andy Hopkins (25, bass), Liam Watts (24, drums) and Tom Clarke (24, vocals/guitar). Their first single, "40 days, 40 nights," sold out all 1000 copies of its limited edition 7" in less than one day. Their debut 2007 album, "We'll Live and Die in These Towns," charted at #1, selling over 600,000 copies with big singles "Away From Here" (Top 10) and "Had Enough" (Top 5), gaining the band an army of diehard fans. Their second album, "Music For The People," was released in 2009 and charted very strongly at #2 with the hit, "Be Somebody," continuing to be used on ITV's FA Cup coverage.
To date, the band has sold over half a million tickets for their live gigs.
News EONE MUSIC, THE ENEMY UK permalink
'Metalocalypse: Dethklok Dethalbum III' Debuts at #10 on the Billboard Top 200
Never Shout Never's headlining tour kicks off November 20th
Falling In Reverse Cancel Remaining Episode IV Tour Dates
Silverstein 20th Anniversary Tour Set to Take Place Next Year // To Play 'Discovering the Waterfront' in Full
Violent Femmes share "I'm Nothing" from new album out July 26
Neck Deep Supporting Blink-182 and Lil Wayne This Summer
Adidas and Kid Cudi Officially Announce Partnership
© 2021 Xeonlive.com. All rights reserved.


text:
Coatings & Hull Protection
Company & Business News
Deck & Cargo
Fuels lubes and emissions
Digitalisation and Electronics
Propulsion & Machinery
Ship Design
Shipbuilding & Shiprepair
Water & Water Treatment
CSI Magazine
ICS UPDATES COVID-19 GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) first issued guidance for the global shipping industry to help combat the spread of Covid-19 in March, since when a lot has changed.
ICS points out that the entire world has been affected, seeing 32 million cases and around one million deaths globally. Whilst deaths, and indeed infection rates on ships stand at almost nothing in comparison, seafarers face the same risks as the general population and it is important to recognise that following health guidelines is essential to maintain this situation.
With that experience, knowledge of Covid-19 has substantially increased, and ICS has now published a fully updated version of its Coronavirus (Covid-19) - Guidance for Ship Operators for the Protection of the Health of Seafarers, reflecting the latest thinking and advice on the virus. Version 3 has an updated introduction reflecting the situation nine months on from the start of the global pandemic and adds two new annexes on PCR testing and Managing Multiple Cases of Covid-19 On Board Vessels. This replaces version 2, published in May, and should be read in conjunction with Covid-19 – Protocols to Mitigate the Risks of Cases On Board Ships.
The new 48 page Guidance has been developed with support from a number of prominent international bodies including:
The International Maritime Organization (IMO)
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
The International Maritime Health Association (IMHA)
The International Transport Workers Federation (ITF)
Intertanko
The measures highlighted in the Guidance include advice on managing port entry restrictions, shipboard measures to address risks associated with Covid-19, managing cases of Covid-19 on board ship when at sea, assistance for all seafarers to access medical care when in ports, and dealing with other medical issues during Covid-19.
In addition to the new PCR Testing Procedures Matrix, the publication also includes updated practical advice on the use of masks, renewing prescriptions, support and logistics supply, decision making for on board suspected or confirmed Covid-19 cases and measures to enhance mental health and wellbeing. It contains sample crew/passenger locator cards and health self-declaration forms, and a number of posters that can be printed out and displayed.
Guy Platten, ICS Secretary General, said: "Our seafarers continue to work tirelessly to ensure the global supply of goods and services during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is essential that governments and shipping companies do all they can to support this updated Guidance, and seafarers use its recommendations to ensure we all play our part to keep everyone safe."
The Guidance is for use on all types of ship and aims to recognise the needs of both cargo and passenger ships. It is recognised that cargo ships are unlikely to have a fully trained doctor or nurse on board and that medical treatment on cargo ships will be provided by a crew member with training to STCW medical requirements.
Coronavirus (Covid-19) - Guidance for Ship Operators for the Protection of the Health of Seafarers will be distributed to seafarers through the ICS's network of national member associations, is free to download from the ICS website, and will be shared via social media and through partner organisations that contributed to the publication.
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