text:
Q: Calling stored procedure in for-loop I have created and stored a procedure in SQL Developer. I can call it and it is working as expected.
However if I try to use it in a for-loop over a set of tables I get the error:

ORA-06512: in line 10

*00000 -  "invalid SQL statement"

This is the procedure:
create or replace PROCEDURE ADD_PARAMETERS
(
  TBL_NAME IN VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN

  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER TABLE '||TBL_NAME||' ADD(FB_AREA_HA Float)';

  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'UPDATE '||TBL_NAME||' SET FB_AREA_HA = FB_AREA/10000';
END ADD_PARAMETERS;

And here the for-loop with the procedure:
SET SERVEROUT ON
DECLARE

sql_stmnt VARCHAR2(400);

BEGIN
    FOR x in (SELECT * FROM all_tables WHERE table_name LIKE 'BBX_%')
    LOOP
        sql_stmnt := 'EXECUTE ADD_PARAMETERS('''||x.TABLE_NAME||''')';
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(sql_stmnt||';');
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmnt;
    END LOOP;
END;

What is the cause of this error? I'm pretty certain it is not line 10 though.

A: EXECUTE is not a SQL command. It's a SQL*Plus (and others) client shorthand for an anonymous block. The dynamic statement is executed in a SQL context, not in the client, so it isn't recognised - hence the error (which is indeed coming from line 10 of your block as that is where the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE happens).
You could do the equivalent of expanding that shorthand:
sql_stmnt := 'BEGIN ADD_PARAMETERS('''||x.TABLE_NAME||'''); END;';

But you don't need dynamic SQL for the procedure call, you can just do:
BEGIN
    FOR x in (SELECT * FROM all_tables WHERE table_name LIKE 'BBX_%')
    LOOP
        ADD_PARAMETERS(x.TABLE_NAME);
    END LOOP;
END;
/


Ray Badran is a stand-up comedian and writer. A regular at The Sydney Comedy Store, Ray has performed in The United States, England, Wales, Scotland, Holland, Belgium, Hong Kong, New Zealand and across Australia. Ray has written comedy for various TV shows, comedians, advertising agencies, theatre, radio, and more.
Widely considered to be one of the rising stars in Australian comedy, Ray has worked with Chris Rock, Marc Maron, Amy Schumer and Comedy Bang! Bang!, to name a few.
Ray has performed two solo shows, Raised and Confused (2015) and Junior (2016) at Melbourne International Comedy Festival. He has also performed shows as part of the Sydney, Perth, Brisbane, and New Zealand comedy festivals. He has appeared on the Sydney Comedy Festival Gala twice, in 2014 and 2017.
In 2017, he created the hit ABC Podcast Positions Vacant (Top 10 comedy podcasts in Australia, Top 100 Podcasts in Australia), and the Comedy Central Australia/NZ TV show No Experience Necessary.
Ray Badran is based in the UK for 2018.


RISE Boxing has a range of workouts for all levels.
As we patiently wait for our beloved trails to dry out, there are plenty of indoor fitness options in Park City. Check out these local outfits, which offer everything from boxing and H.I.T. workouts to yoga and customized strength training.
Beau Collective delivers fun, high-intensity interval workouts at the Barn on Hwy 224.


text:
You are here: Home | Dead girl's dad sues Jehovah's Witnesses
Dead girl's dad sues Jehovah's Witnesses
Saturday August 28, 2004 Jehovah's Witnesses
CALGARY — A Calgary man suing the Jehovah's Witnesses, claiming they contributed to his daughter's death by encouraging her to avoid life-saving blood transfusions, said today his lawsuit is for her and for his family.
"The Jehovah's Witness church stole away my family, friends and 20 years of my life," Lawrence Hughes said outside Calgary's Court of Queen's Bench, where he filed the lawsuit. "I paid a high price to give my daughter a chance to live.
"This lawsuit is for Bethany and if Bethany's listening, I want her to know I love her," he added as he choked back tears.
Bethany Hughes died at age 17 on Sept. 5, 2002, after being diagnosed with a rare and aggressive form of blood cancer seven months earlier.
Jehovah's Witness teen lived life on her own terms, until her dying day
Bethany's fight goes on after her death
Jehovah's Witness teen's dad lashes out at church
Doctors urge Supreme Court to settle confusion over Jehovah's Witness case
Judge refuses to hear Hughes case
Irreconcilable beliefs shattered family
Research resources on Jehovah's Witnesses
In his statement of claim, Hughes says his former wife Arliss Hughes and the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society — the organization that represents the Jehovah's Witness religion — "overtly influenced Bethany to believe that blood transfusions were wrong and would not help cure her cancer."
The lawsuit also alleges "the Watch Tower defendants committed the (civil wrongs) of deceit and undue influence, all of which contributed to and led to the circumstances causing the death of Bethany."
Bethany's illness and death tore the family apart and renewed public debate over how to determine when a child should be able to dictate his or her own medical care.
When Bethany was diagnosed with leukemia at age 16, Lawrence Hughes split with the Jehovah's Witnesses and his wife over her treatment. He said the transfusions should be undertaken if that was the only way to save her.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that it's against God's wishes for one person to take blood from another.
Theologically, Jehovah's Witnesses are a cult of Christianity. The oppressive organization does not represent historical, Biblical Christianity in any way. Sociologically, it is a destructive cult whose false teachings frequently result in spiritual and psychological abuse, as well as needless deaths.
The fight over Bethany's care was bitter. The Alberta government stepped in and won temporary custody of her and against her wishes she was given 38 transfusions until they were deemed ineffective. She died less than two months later.
Lawyers for the Jehovah's Witnesses fought in court for the teen's right to decide her treatment.
The Charter of Rights allows those 18 and older to decide. Medical ethics dictate that all mature children should be allowed to decide unless their competence has been compromised.
Even though five pediatricians and psychiatrists found Bethany to be mature enough to decide her own treatment, the courts ruled she was pressured by her religion and didn't have a free, informed will.
The Supreme Court of Canada refused to hear an appeal.
The statement of claim, which contains allegations yet to be proven in court, said Bethany was encouraged to not question her beliefs during prayer services held in her hospital room. At one point, said the document, Arliss Hughes tried to pull intravenous lines from Bethany's arm.
"These defendants unduly influenced Bethany to prevent her from questioning her belief system — that it was against God's law to take a blood transfusion and that if she did, she would be eternally damned by God and not survive Armageddon," reads the statement.
The lawsuit names Watch Tower lawyers David Gnam and Shane Brady as defendants.
Brady, reached today at his office in Georgetown, Ont., said the allegations have already been raised in the Hughes' divorce proceedings.
"Mr. Hughes is entitled to his day in court. I don't say he shouldn't have his day in court but he's already had his day," he said.
Lawrence Hughes, who brought his family to Calgary from their home in Belleville, Ont., in the late 1990s, said that because of the dispute, he has been shunned by his family and the Jehovah's Witness community.
He said he hopes his lawsuit will help others. "I just want to stop the deaths of innocent people and hopefully to prevent my (other) daughters from dying as well."
He is also suing the Cross Cancer Institute in Edmonton.
After the transfusions were stopped and Bethany was released from the government's care, Hughes said the mother and the Jehovah's Witnesses secretly took her to the Cross Cancer Institute, where she was given treatment that didn't include transfusions.
By keeping him in the dark, said Hughes in the statement, they prevented him from taking steps to get her treatment that may have helped save her.
Canadian Press, Canada
Bill Graveland
www.thestar.com
Silent Lambs conference to confront child abuse
'Disfellowshipped' Jehovah's Witnesses speak out against practice
Child of Jehovah's Witnesses can be given blood, judge says
Hospital's test of new blood worries group

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Pichoy Airport (ZAL), Valdivia
Valdivia to Osorno distance (ZAL to ZOS)
How far is Osorno from Valdivia?
The distance between Valdivia (Pichoy Airport) and Osorno (Cañal Bajo Carlos Hott Siebert Airport) is 66 miles / 107 kilometers / 58 nautical miles. The estimated flight time is 37 minutes.
Driving distance from Valdivia (ZAL) to Osorno (ZOS) is 87 miles / 140 kilometers and travel time by car is about 1 hour 50 minutes.
Pichoy Airport – Cañal Bajo Carlos Hott Siebert Airport
Distance from Valdivia to Osorno
There are several ways to calculate the distance from Valdivia to Osorno. Here are two standard methods:
66.331 miles
How long does it take to fly from Valdivia to Osorno?
The estimated flight time from Pichoy Airport to Cañal Bajo Carlos Hott Siebert Airport is 37 minutes.
What is the time difference between Valdivia and Osorno?
There is no time difference between Valdivia and Osorno.
Flight carbon footprint between Pichoy Airport (ZAL) and Cañal Bajo Carlos Hott Siebert Airport (ZOS)
On average, flying from Valdivia to Osorno generates about 35 kg of CO2 per passenger, and 35 kilograms equals 77 pounds (lbs). The figures are estimates and include only the CO2 generated by burning jet fuel.
Map of flight path and driving directions from Valdivia to Osorno
Shortest flight path between Pichoy Airport (ZAL) and Cañal Bajo Carlos Hott Siebert Airport (ZOS).
Pichoy Airport
City: Valdivia
IATA Code: ZAL
ICAO Code: SCVD
Coordinates: 39°39′0″S, 73°5′9″W
Cañal Bajo Carlos Hott Siebert Airport
City: Osorno
IATA Code: ZOS
ICAO Code: SCJO
Coordinates: 40°36′40″S, 73°3′39″W
Related distances from Valdivia (ZAL)
Distance from Valdivia to Puerto Montt (ZAL – PMC)
Distance from Valdivia to San Carlos de Bariloche (ZAL – BRC)


Parents, are you ready for a date night? Radical will be offering FREE childcare on Wednesday, February 13 @ 7pm – 9 pm and Thursday, February 14th @ 6:30pm – 9 pm at Trinity Community Church. This is to bless all our parents with young children! Parents enjoy a great night out with your love! Please sign up your kids here or call church office @ 865.688.9991 if you're interested in taking advantage of this great service!


text:
Q: Java: PatternSyntaxException thrown with regex .*-\\d+{.*}\\d+-.* I am trying to make a regex to determine if a String contains a -, some amount of digits, a {, nothing/some sequence of characters, a }, some amount of digits, and a final -. For example:
gibberish-345{randomtext}938475-moregibberish

^&*^%^asdf-9897689{symbols$%&*}456-h6

-456{}456-

I have tried using String.matches("*-\\d+{.*}\\d+-.*") and String.matches("*-[\\d]+{.*}[\\d]+-.*"), but in each case I get a PatternSyntaxException (both of them are below):
Exception in thread "main" java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException: Illegal repetition near index 5
.*-\d+{.*}\d+-.*
 ^
at java.util.regex.Pattern.error(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.closure(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.sequence(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.expr(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.<init>(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.matches(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.String.matches(Unknown Source)
at conv.Congine.qual(Congine.java:17)
at conv.Congine.convert(Congine.java:5)
at conv.Main.main(Main.java:6)

~

Exception in thread "main" java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException: Illegal repetition near index 7
.*-[\d]+{.*}[\d]+-.*
   ^
at java.util.regex.Pattern.error(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.closure(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.sequence(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.expr(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.<init>(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(Unknown Source)
at java.util.regex.Pattern.matches(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.String.matches(Unknown Source)
at conv.Congine.qual(Congine.java:17)
at conv.Congine.convert(Congine.java:5)
at conv.Main.main(Main.java:6)

Am I using a regex symbol that I don't know I'm using? I've checked, but I don't think that -, {, or } qualifies as a regex symbol...

A: It looks like I can answer my own question... apparently { and } are special characters in regex, you have to escape them with \\. Oh well.

A: The pattern should be
.*-\\d+\\{.*\\}\\d+-.*

A: String.matches("*-\\d+\\{.*}\\d+-.*");

It's mainly because of the { character next to the + symbol. We all know, in regex, + repeats the previous token one or more times where as the repetition quantifier {start,end} repeats the previous token according to the range given inside the {} curly braces. So the regex engine considers the { as the start of the repetition quantifier and + before the { causes this to fail. We can't specify o+{2} but we do (o+){2}. And also you don't need to escape the closing curly bracket.

A: The pattern will be:
^.*[-]\\d+\\{.*\\}\\d+[-].*$

Thanks,

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Flash News Network: Home of Scott Anthony Archives and News
USE OF UNITED STATES MILITARY FOR POLICE ACTION / CIVIL UNREST / QUARANTINE (US CODE)
WHEN IS THE PRESIDENT AUTHORIZED TO DEPLOY MILITARY UNITS DOMESTICALLY
Title 10 - ARMED FORCES
CHAPTER 15—ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS TO RESTORE PUBLIC ORDER
331. Federal aid for State governments.
332. Use of militia and armed forces to enforce
Federal authority.
333. Major public emergencies; interference with
State and Federal law. 334. Proclamation to disperse.
335. Guam and Virgin Islands included as ''State''. [336. Repealed.]
2006—Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, § 1076(a)(3), (4)(B), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2405, substituted ''ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS TO RESTORE PUBLIC ORDER'' for ''INSURRECTION'' in chapter heading and ''Major public emergencies; interference with State and Federal law'' for ''Interference with State and Federal law'' in item 333.
1980—Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(11)(C), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921, added item 335.
§ 331. Federal aid for State governments
Whenever there is an insurrections in any State against its government, the President may, upon the request of its legislature or of its governor if the legislature cannot be convened, call into Federal service such of the militia of the other States, in the number requested by that State, and use such of the armed forces, as he considers necessary to suppress the insurrection.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 15.)
The words ''armed forces'' are substituted for the words ''land or naval forces of the United States''. The word ''governor'' is substituted for the word ''execu- tive''. The word ''may'' is substituted for the words ''it shall be lawful * * * to''. The words ''into Federal service'' are substituted for the word ''forth'' for uniformity and clarity.
§332. Use of militia and armed forces to enforce Federal authority
Whenever the President considers that unlawful obstructions, combinations, or assemblages, or rebellion against the authority of the United States, make it impracticable to enforce the laws of the United States in any State by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, he may call into Federal service such of the militia of any State, and use such of the armed forces, as he considers necessary to enforce those laws or to suppress the rebellion.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 15; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, §1057(a)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.)
50:202 (last 22 words) is omitted as surplusage. The words ''armed forces'' are substituted for the words ''land and naval forces of the United States''. The words ''call into Federal service such of the militia'' are substituted for the words ''call forth the militia of any or all the States'' for clarity and uniformity. The word ''may'' is substituted for the words ''it shall be lawful''. The words ''faithful execution of the'' and ''in whatever State or Territory thereof the laws of the United States may be forcibly opposed'' are omitted as surplusage
Act July 29, 1861, ch. 25, § 1, 12 Stat. 281.
2006—Pub. L. 109–163 struck out ''or Territory'' after ''in any State''.
EX. ORD. NO. 10730. ASSISTANCE FOR REMOVAL OF AN OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE WITHIN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS
Ex. Ord. No. 10730, Sept. 24, 1957, 22 F.R. 7628, authorized the Secretary of Defense to order into the active military service of the United States units of the National Guard of the United States and of the Air National Guard of the United States within the State of Arkansas for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders in order to enforce any orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas for the removal of obstructions to justice in respect to enrollment and attendance at public schools in the Little Rock School District, Little Rock, Arkansas; authorized the Secretary of Defense to also use the armed forces of the United States to enforce such orders of the district court; and authorized the Secretary of Defense to delegate his authority to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force.
EX. ORD. NO. 11053. ASSISTANCE FOR REMOVAL OF UNLAWFUL OBSTRUCTIONS OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
Ex. Ord. No. 11053, Sept. 30, 1962, 27 F.R. 9681, authorized the Secretary of Defense to call into the active military service of the United States units of the Army National Guard and of the Air National Guard of the State of Mississippi for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders in order to enforce all orders of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit for the removal of obstructions to justice in the State of Mississippi; authorized the Secretary of Defense to also use the armed forces of the United States to enforce such court orders; and authorized the Secretary of Defense to delegate his authority to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force.
EX. ORD. NO. 11111. ASSISTANCE FOR REMOVAL OF OBSTRUCTIONS OF JUSTICE AND SUPPRESSION OF UNLAWFUL COMBINATIONS WITHIN THE STATE OF ALABAMA
Ex. Ord. No. 11111, June 11, 1963, 28 F.R. 5709, authorized the Secretary of Defense to call into the active military service of the United States units of the Army National Guard and of the Air National Guard of the State of Alabama for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders in order to enforce the laws of the United States within that State and the orders of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, to remove obstructions to justice, and to suppress unlawful assemblies, conspiracies, and domestic violence which oppose the laws of the United States or impede the course of justice under those laws within that State; authorized the Secretary of Defense to also use the armed forces of the United States for such purposes; and authorized the Secretary of Defense to delegate his authority to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force.
EX. ORD. NO. 11118. ASSISTANCE FOR REMOVAL OF UNLAWFUL OBSTRUCTIONS OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA
Ex. Ord. No. 11118, Sept. 10, 1963, 28 F.R. 9863, authorized the Secretary of Defense to call into the active military service of the United States units of the Army National Guard and of the Air National Guard of the State of Alabama for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders in order to enforce the laws of the United States and any orders of United States Courts relating to the enrollment and attendance of students in public schools in the State of Alabama and to suppress unlawful assemblies, conspiracies, and domestic violence which oppose the law or impede the course of justice under the law within that State; authorized the Secretary of Defense to also use the armed forces of the United States for such purposes; and authorized the Secretary of Defense to delegate his authority to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force.
§333. Major public emergencies; interference with State and Federal law
(a) USE OF ARMED FORCES IN MAJOR PUBLIC EMERGENCIES.—
(1) The President may employ the armed forces, including the National Guard in Federal service, to—
(A) restore public order and enforce the laws of the United States when, as a result of a nat- ural disaster, epidemic, or other serious public health emergency, terrorist attack or inci- dent, or other condition in any State or pos- session of the United States, the President de- termines that—
(i) domestic violence has occurred to such an extent that the constituted authorities of the State or possession are incapable of maintaining public order; and
(ii) such violence results in a condition de- scribed in paragraph (2); or
(B) suppress, in a State, any insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combination, or conspiracy if such insurrection, violation, combination, or conspiracy results in a condi- tion described in paragraph (2).
(2) A condition described in this paragraph is a condition that—
(A) so hinders the execution of the laws of a State or possession, as applicable, and of the United States within that State or possession, that any part or class of its people is deprived of a right, privilege, immunity, or protection named in the Constitution and secured by law, and the constituted authorities of that State or possession are unable, fail, or refuse to pro- tect that right, privilege, or immunity, or to give that protection; or
(B) opposes or obstructs the execution of the laws of the United States or impedes the course of justice under those laws.
(3) In any situation covered by paragraph (1)(B), the State shall be considered to have denied the equal protection of the laws secured by the Constitution.
(b) NOTICE TO CONGRESS.—The President shall notify Congress of the determination to exercise the authority in subsection (a)(1)(A) as soon as practicable after the determination and every 14 days thereafter during the duration of the exer- cise of that authority.
(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 15; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2404.)
The words ''armed forces'' are substituted for the words ''land or naval forces of the United States''. The word ''shall'' is substituted for the words ''it shall be lawful for * * * and it shall be his duty''.
Act Apr. 20, 1871, ch. 22, § 3, 17 Stat. 14.
2006—Pub. L. 109–364 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions authorizing the President to employ the armed forces during a natural disaster or terrorist attack or to suppress an insurrec- tion in a State and requiring notice to Congress during the exercise of such authority for provisions directing the President to suppress certain insurrections and do- mestic violence in a State.
§ 334. Proclamation to disperse
Whenever the President considers it necessary to use the militia or the armed forces under this chapter, he shall, by proclamation, immediately order the insurgents or those obstructing the en- forcement of the laws to disperse and retire peaceably to their abodes within a limited time.
The words ''militia or the armed forces'' are substituted for the words ''military forces'' for clarity and to conform to sections 331, 332, and 333 of this title.
2006—Pub. L. 109–364 inserted ''or those obstructing the enforcement of the laws'' after ''insurgents''.
PROC. NO. 3204. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS
Proc. No. 3204, Sept. 23, 1957, 22 F.R. 7628, commanded all persons in the State of Arkansas who were obstruct- ing the enforcement of orders of the United States Dis- trict Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas relating to enrollment and attendance at public schools, particularly Central High School at Little Rock, Arkansas, to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith.
PROC. NO. 3497. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
Proc. No. 3497, Sept. 30, 1962, 27 F.R. 9681, commanded all persons in the State of Mississippi who were obstructing the enforcement of orders entered by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse and retire peaceably forthwith.
PROC. NO. 3542. UNLAWFUL OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE AND COMBINATIONS IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA
Proc. No. 3542, June 11, 1963, 28 F.R. 5707, commanded the Governor of the State of Alabama and all other persons who were obstructing the orders of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama relating to the enrollment and attendance of Negro students at the University of Alabama to cease and desist therefrom.
PROC. NO. 3554. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA
Proc. No. 3554, Sept. 10, 1963, 28 F.R. 9861, commanded all persons obstructing the enforcement of orders entered by the United States District Courts in the State of Alabama relating to the enrollment and attendance of students in public schools in that State to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse and retire peaceably forthwith.
Proc. No. 3645, Mar. 23, 1965, 30 F.R. 3739, commanded all persons engaged or who may engage in domestic violence obstructing the enforcement of the laws and the judicial order approving the right to march along U.S. Highway 80 from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama commencing during the period from Mar. 19, 1965 to Mar. 22, 1965 and terminating within 5 days of the commencement to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith.
PROC. NO. 3795. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN
Proc. No. 3795, July 26, 1967, 32 F.R. 10905, commanded all persons engaged in domestic violence and disorder in Detroit, Michigan, and obstructing the enforcement of the laws to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith.
PROC. NO. 3840. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA
Proc. No. 3840, Apr. 9, 1968, 33 F.R. 5495, commanded all persons engaged in acts of violence threatening the Washington Metropolitan Area and obstructing the execution of the laws to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith.
PROC. NO. 3841. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
Proc. No. 3841, Apr. 9, 1968, 33 F.R. 5497, commanded all persons engaged in violence in and about the City of Chicago and obstructing the enforcement of the laws to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith.
PROC. NO. 3842. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND
Proc. No. 3842, Apr. 9, 1968, 33 F.R. 5499, commanded all persons engaged in acts of violence and obstructing the enforcement of the laws in and about the City of Baltimore to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith.
§335. Guam and Virgin Islands included as ''State''
For purposes of this chapter, the term ''State'' includes Guam and the Virgin Islands.
(Added Pub. L. 90–497, § 11, Sept. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 847; amended Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(11)(A), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2920; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, § 1057(a)(8), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3441.)
2006—Pub. L. 109–163 struck out ''the unincorporated territories of'' before ''Guam''.
1980—Pub. L. 96–513 inserted ''and Virgin Islands'' after ''Guam'' in section catchline and inserted provision respecting applicability to the Virgin Islands.
Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Section 11 of Pub. L. 90–497 provided that this section is effective on date of enactment of Pub. L. 90–497, which was approved on Sept. 11, 1968.
[§336. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 511(11)(B), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921]
Section, added Pub. L. 90–496, §12, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 841, included Virgin Islands within ''State''. See section 335 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL
Repeal effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
371. Use of information collected during military operations.
372. Use of military equipment and facilities.
373. Training and advising civilian law enforcement officials.
374. Maintenance and operation of equipment.
375. Restriction on direct participation by military personnel.
376. Support not to affect adversely military preparedness.
377. Reimbursement.
378. Nonpreemption of other law.
379. Assignment of Coast Guard personnel to naval vessels for law enforcement purposes. 380. Enhancement of cooperation with civilian law enforcement officials.
381. Procurement by State and local governments of law enforcement equipment suitable for counter-drug activities through the Department of Defense.
382. Emergency situations involving chemical or biological weapons of mass destruction.
1996—Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XIV, §1416(a)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2723, added item 382.
1993—Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, § 1122(a)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1755, added item 381.
1989—Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1216(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1569, in chapter heading substituted ''18'' for ''8''.
1988—Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2043, amended chapter analysis gener- ally substituting, in chapter heading ''CHAPTER 8—
MILITARY SUPPORT FOR CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES'' for ''CHAPTER 18—MILITARY COOPERATION WITH CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS'', in item 374 ''Maintenance and operation of equipment'' for ''Assistance by Department of Defense personnel'', in item 376 ''Support not to affect adversely military preparedness'' for ''Assistance not to affect adversely military preparedness'' and in item 380 ''Enhancement of cooperation with civilian law enforcement officials'' for ''Department of Defense drug law enforcement assistance: annual plan''.
1987—Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, § 1243(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1164, added item 380.
1986—Pub. L. 99–570, title III, §3053(b)(2), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–76, added item 379.
CHAPTER 18—MILITARY SUPPORT FOR CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
§371. Use of information collected during military operations
(a) The Secretary of Defense may, in accordance with other applicable law, provide to Federal, State, or local civilian law enforcement officials any information collected during the normal course of military training or operations that may be relevant to a violation of any Federal or State law within the jurisdiction of such officials.
(b) The needs of civilian law enforcement officials for information shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be taken into account in the planning and execution of military training or operations.
(c) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure, to the extent consistent with national security, that intelligence information held by the Department of Defense and relevant to drug interdiction or other civilian law enforcement matters is provided promptly to appropriate civilian law enforcement officials.
(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §905(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1115; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, § 1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2043.)
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally, designating existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserting reference to military training, and adding subsecs. (b) and (c).
SHORT TITLE OF 1986 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 99–570, title III, §3051, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–74, provided that: ''This subtitle [subtitle A (§§3051–3059) of title III of Pub. L. 99–570, enacting section 379 of this title, amending sections 374 and 911 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 374, 525, and 9441 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 89 of Title 14, Coast Guard] may be cited as the 'Defense Drug Inter- diction Assistance Act'.''
AUTHORITY FOR JOINT TASK FORCES TO PROVIDE SUPPORT TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES CONDUCTING COUNTER-TERRORISM ACTIVITIES
Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, § 1022, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1594, as amended by Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, § 1022, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3427, provided that:
''(a) AUTHORITY.—A joint task force of the Department of Defense that provides support to law enforcement agencies conducting counter-drug activities may also provide, subject to all applicable laws and regulations, support to law enforcement agencies conducting counter-terrorism activities.
''(b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—During fiscal years 2006 and 2007, funds available to a joint task force to support counter-drug activities may also be used to provide the counter-terrorism support authorized by sub- section (a).
''(c) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than December 31, 2006, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report evaluating the effect on counter-drug and counter-terrorism activities and objectives of using counter-drug funds of a joint task force to provide counter-terrorism support authorized by subsection (a).
''(d) CONDITIONS.—Any support provided under sub- section (a) may only be provided in the geographic area of responsibility of the joint task force.''
§ 372. Use of military equipment and facilities
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense may, in accordance with other applicable law, make available any equipment (including associated supplies or spare parts), base facility, or research facility of the Department of Defense to any Federal, State, or local civilian law enforcement official for law enforcement purposes.
(b) EMERGENCIES INVOLVING CHEMICAL AND BIO- LOGICAL AGENTS.—
(1) In addition to equipment and facilities described in subsection (a), the Secretary may provide an item referred to in paragraph (2) to a Federal, State, or local law enforcement or emergency response agency to prepare for or respond to an emergency involving chemical or biological agents if the Secretary determines that the item is not reasonably available from another source. The requirement for a determination that an item is not reasonably available from another source does not apply to assistance provided under section 382 of this title pursuant to a request of the Attorney General for the assistance.
(2) An item referred to in paragraph (1) is any material or expertise of the Department of Defense appropriate for use in preparing for or responding to an emergency involving chemical or biological agents, including the following:
(A) Training facilities.
(B) Sensors.
(C) Protective clothing.
(D) Antidotes.
(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §905(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1115; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, § 1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2043; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title III, §378, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XIV, § 1416(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2723.)
1996—Pub. L. 104–106 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–201 inserted at end ''The requirement for a determination that an item is not reasonably available from another source does not apply to assistance provided under section 382 of this title pursuant to a request of the Attorney General for the assistance.''
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally, inserting ''(including associated supplies or spare parts)'' and substituting ''Department of Defense'' for ''Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps''.
TRANSFER OF EXCESS PERSONAL PROPERTY
Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1208, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1566, as amended by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, § 1044, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2493, which author- ized the Secretary of Defense to transfer excess personal property of the Department of Defense to Federal and State agencies, provided conditions for transfer, and terminated the Secretary's authority on Sept. 30, 1997, was repealed and restated in section 2576a of this title by Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, §1033(a)(1), (b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2639, 2640.
§ 373. Training and advising civilian law enforcement officials
The Secretary of Defense may, in accordance with other applicable law, make Department of Defense personnel available—
(1) to train Federal, State, and local civilian law enforcement officials in the operation and maintenance of equipment, including equipment made available under section 372 of this title; and
(2) to provide such law enforcement officials with expert advice relevant to the purposes of this chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §905(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1115; amended Pub. L. 99–145, title XIV, §1423(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 752; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2043.)
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally, substituting provisions authorizing Secretary of Defense, in accordance with applicable law, to make Defense Department personnel available for training, etc., for former subsecs. (a) to (c) authorizing Secretary of Defense to assign members of Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, etc., for training, etc., briefing sessions by Attorney General, and other functions of Attorney General and Administrator of General Services.
1985—Pub. L. 99–145 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).
Section 1423(b) of Pub. L. 99–145 provided that: ''The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1986.''
§ 374. Maintenance and operation of equipment
(a) The Secretary of Defense may, in accordance with other applicable law, make Department of Defense personnel available for the maintenance of equipment for Federal, State, and local civilian law enforcement officials, including equipment made available under section 372 of this title.
(b)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and in accordance with other applicable law, the Secretary of Defense may, upon request from the head of a Federal law enforcement agency, make Department of Defense personnel available to operate equipment (including equipment made available under section 372 of this title) with respect to—
(A) a criminal violation of a provision of law specified in paragraph (4)(A);
(B) assistance that such agency is authorized to furnish to a State, local, or foreign government which is involved in the enforcement of similar laws;
(C) a foreign or domestic counter-terrorism operation; or
(D) a rendition of a suspected terrorist from a foreign country to the United States to stand trial.
(2) Department of Defense personnel made available to a civilian law enforcement agency under this subsection may operate equipment for the following purposes:
(A) Detection, monitoring, and communication of the movement of air and sea traffic.
(B) Detection, monitoring, and communication of the movement of surface traffic outside of the geographic boundary of the United States and within the United States not to exceed 25 miles of the boundary if the initial detection occurred outside of the boundary.
(C) Aerial reconnaissance.
(D) Interception of vessels or aircraft de- tected outside the land area of the United States for the purposes of communicating with such vessels and aircraft to direct such vessels and aircraft to go to a location designated by appropriate civilian officials.
(E) Operation of equipment to facilitate communications in connection with law enforcement programs specified in paragraph (4)(A).
(F) Subject to joint approval by the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General (and the Secretary of State in the case of a law enforcement operation outside of the land area of the United States)—
(i) the transportation of civilian law enforcement personnel along with any other civilian or military personnel who are supporting, or conducting, a joint operation with civilian law enforcement personnel;
(ii) the operation of a base of operations for civilian law enforcement and supporting personnel; and
(iii) the transportation of suspected terrorists from foreign countries to the United States for trial (so long as the requesting Federal law enforcement agency provides all security for such transportation and maintains custody over the suspect through the duration of the transportation).
(3) Department of Defense personnel made available to operate equipment for the purpose stated in paragraph (2)(D) may continue to operate such equipment into the land area of the United States in cases involving the pursuit of vessels or aircraft where the detection began outside such land area.
(4) In this subsection:
(A) The term ''Federal law enforcement agency'' means a Federal agency with jurisdiction to enforce any of the following:
(i) The Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) or the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 951 et seq.).
(ii) Any of sections 274 through 278 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324–1328).
(iii) A law relating to the arrival or departure of merchandise (as defined in section 401 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1401) into or out of the
customs territory of the United States (as defined in general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States) or any other
territory or possession of the United States.
(iv) Chapter 705 of title 46.
(v) Any law, foreign or domestic, prohibiting terrorist activities.
(B) The term ''land area of the United States'' includes the land area of any territory, commonwealth, or possession of the United States.
(c) The Secretary of Defense may, in accordance with other applicable law, make Department of Defense personnel available to any Federal, State, or local civilian law enforcement agency to operate equipment for purposes other than described in subsection (b)(2) only to the extent that such support does not involve direct participation by such personnel in a civilian law enforcement operation unless such direct participation is otherwise authorized by law.
(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §905(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1115; amended Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1405(9), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2622; Pub. L. 99–570, title III, §3056, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–77; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, § 1373(c), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4007; Pub. L. 100–418, title I, § 1214(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1155; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2043; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §§1210, 1216(b), (c), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1566, 1569; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1042, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2492; Pub. L. 105–277, div. B, title II, § 201, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–567; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1066(a)(4), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 109–304, §17(a)(1), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1706.
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The Controlled Substances Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i), is title II of Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§801 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables. The Controlled Substances Import and Export Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i), is title III of Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1285, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§951 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21. For complete classification of the Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 951 of Title 21 and Tables.
The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(A)(iii), is not set out in the Code. See Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of Title 19, Customs Duties.
2006—Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 109–304 substituted ''Chapter 705 of title 46'' for ''The Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (46 U.S.C. App. 1901 et seq.)''.
1999—Subsec. (b)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 106–65, § 1066(a)(4)(A), realigned margins.
Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(i). Pub. L. 106–65, §1066(a)(4)(B), struck out semicolon after ''law enforcement personnel;''.
1998—Subsec. (b)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 105–277, § 201(1), (2), added subpars. (C) and (D).
Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(i). Pub. L. 105–277, §201(3), inserted ''along with any other civilian or military personnel who are supporting, or conducting, a joint operation with civilian law enforcement personnel;'' after ''transportation of civilian law enforcement personnel'' and struck out ''and'' at end.
Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(ii). Pub. L. 105–277, §201(4)(A), inserted ''and supporting'' before ''personnel''.
Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(iii). Pub. L. 105–277, §201(4)(B), (C), added cl. (iii).
Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–277, §201(5), substituted ''a Federal agency'' for ''an agency'' in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(v). Pub. L. 105–277, §201(6), added cl. (v).
1992—Subsec. (b)(2)(B) to (F). Pub. L. 102–484, § 1042(1), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpars. (B) to (E) as (C) to (F), respectively.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–484, §1042(2), substituted ''paragraph (2)(D)'' for ''paragraph (2)(C)''.
1989—Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 101–189, §1210, substituted ''and the Attorney General (and the Secretary of State in the case of a law enforcement operation outside of the land area of the United States)'' for '', the Attorney General, and the Secretary of State, in connection with a law enforcement operation outside the land area of the United States'' in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 101–189, §1216(b), substituted ''general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States'' for ''general headnote 2 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States''.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–189, § 1216(c), substituted ''subsection (b)(2)'' for ''paragraph (2)''.
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 substituted ''Maintenance and operation of equipment'' for ''Assistance by Depart- ment of Defense personnel'' in section catchline, and amended text generally, revising and restating former subsecs. (a) to (d) as subsecs. (a) to (c).
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–418, which directed substitution of ''general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States'' for ''general headnote 2 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States'', could not be executed because of intervening general amendment by Pub. L. 100–456.
1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–570, §3056(a), inserted provision at end relating to assistance that such agency is authorized to furnish to any foreign government which is involved in the enforcement of similar laws.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–570, §3056(b), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows:
''(1) In an emergency circumstance, equipment operated by or with the assistance of personnel assigned under subsection (a) may be used outside the land area of the United States (or any territory or possession of the United States) as a base of operations by Federal law enforcement officials to facilitate the enforcement of a law listed in subsection (a) and to transport such law enforcement officials in connection with such operations, if—
''(A) equipment operated by or with the assistance of personnel assigned under subsection (a) is not used to interdict or to interrupt the passage of vessels or aircraft; and
''(B) the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General jointly determine that an emergency circumstance exists.
''(2) For purposes of this subsection, an emergency
circumstance may be determined to exist only when— ''(A) the size or scope of the suspected criminal activity in a given situation poses a serious threat to
the interests of the United States; and
''(B) enforcement of a law listed in subsection (a)
would be seriously impaired if the assistance described in this subsection were not provided.''
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–661 added subsec. (d). 1984—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 98–525 struck out ''(19
U.S.C. 1202)'' after ''Tariff Schedules of the United States''
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–418 effective Jan. 1, 1989, and applicable with respect to articles entered on or after such date, see section 1217(b)(1) of Pub. L. 100–418, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3001 of Title 19, Customs Duties.
FUNDS FOR YOUNG MARINES PROGRAM
Pub. L. 109–289, div. A, title VIII, § 8028, Sept. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 1279, provided that: ''Notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds available during the cur- rent fiscal year and hereafter for 'Drug Interdiction and Counter-Drug Activities, Defense' may be obligated for the Young Marines program.''
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 109–148, div. A, title VIII, §8033, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2705.
Pub. L. 108–287, title VIII, § 8037, Aug. 5, 2004, 118 Stat. 978.
Pub. L. 108–87, title VIII, § 8037, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1080.
Pub. L. 107–248, title VIII, § 8037, Oct. 23, 2002, 116 Stat. 1544.
Pub. L. 107–117, div. A, title VIII, §8040, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2256.
Pub. L. 106–79, title VIII, § 8043, Oct. 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 1240.
Pub. L. 105–56, title VIII, §8047, Oct. 8, 1997, 111 Stat. 1231.
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(b) [title VIII, § 8048], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–71, 3009–99.
COUNTER-DRUG ACTIVITIES; CONDITIONS ON TRANSFERS OF FUNDS AND DETAILING PERSONNEL; RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAW
Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1011(b)–(d), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2836, provided that:
''(b) CONDITION ON TRANSFER OF FUNDS.—Funds appropriated for the Department of Defense may not be transferred to a National Drug Control Program agency account except to the extent provided in a law that specifically states—
''(1) the amount authorized to be transferred;
''(2) the account from which such amount is authorized to be transferred; and
''(3) the account to which such amount is authorized to be transferred.
''(c) CONDITION ON DETAILING PERSONNEL.—Personnel
of the Department of Defense may not be detailed to another department or agency in order to implement the National Drug Control Strategy unless the Secretary of Defense certifies to Congress that the detail of such personnel is in the national security interest of the United States.
''(d) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAW.—A provision of law may not be construed as modifying or superseding the provisions of subsection (b) or (c) unless that provision of law—
''(1) specifically refers to this section; and
''(2) specifically states that such provision of law modifies or supersedes the provisions of subsection (b) or (c), as the case may be.''
Pub. L. 109–289, div. A, title VIII, §8045(a), Sept. 29,
2006, 120 Stat. 1283, provided that: ''None of the funds available to the Department of Defense for any fiscal year for drug interdiction or counter-drug activities may be transferred to any other department or agency of the United States except as specifically provided in an appropriations law.''
Pub. L. 109–148, div. A, title VIII, §8052(a), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2709.
Pub. L. 108–287, title VIII, §8057(a), Aug. 5, 2004, 118 Stat. 983.
Pub. L. 108–87, title VIII, §8057(a), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1085.
Pub. L. 107–248, title VIII, §8058(a), Oct. 23, 2002, 116 Stat. 1549.
Pub. L. 107–117, div. A, title VIII, §8063(a), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2261.
Pub. L. 106–79, title VIII, §8065(a), Oct. 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 1244.
Pub. L. 105–56, title VIII, §8071(a), Oct. 8, 1997, 111 Stat. 1235.
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(b) [title VIII, § 8080(a)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–71, 3009–104.
Pub. L. 104–61, title VIII, §8096(a), Dec. 1, 1995, 109 Stat. 671.
Pub. L. 103–335, title VIII, §8154(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2658.
ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR COUNTER-DRUG ACTIVITIES
Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title X, §1004, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1629, as amended by Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1088(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1484; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1041(a)–(d)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2491; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, §1121(a), (b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1753; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1011(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2836; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, §1021, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2120; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, § 1021, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1212; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §1021, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2382, provided that:
''(a) SUPPORT TO OTHER AGENCIES.—During fiscal years 2002 through 2011, the Secretary of Defense may provide support for the counter-drug activities of any other department or agency of the Federal Government or of any State, local, or foreign law enforcement agency for any of the purposes set forth in subsection (b) if such support is requested—
''(1) by the official who has responsibility for the counter-drug activities of the department or agency of the Federal Government, in the case of support for other departments or agencies of the Federal Government;
''(2) by the appropriate official of a State or local government, in the case of support for State or local law enforcement agencies; or
''(3) by an appropriate official of a department or agency of the Federal Government that has counter-drug responsibilities, in the case of support for foreign law enforcement agencies.
''(b) TYPES OF SUPPORT.—The purposes for which the Secretary of Defense may provide support under sub-section (a) are the following:
''(1) The maintenance and repair of equipment that has been made available to any department or agency of the Federal Government or to any State or local government by the Department of Defense for the purposes of—
''(A) preserving the potential future utility of such equipment for the Department of Defense; and ''(B) upgrading such equipment to ensure compatibility of that equipment with other equipment
used by the Department of Defense.
''(2) The maintenance, repair, or upgrading of equipment (including computer software), other than equipment referred to in paragraph (1) for the purpose of—
''(A) ensuring that the equipment being maintained or repaired is compatible with equipment used by the Department of Defense; and
''(B) upgrading such equipment to ensure the compatibility of that equipment with equipment used by the Department of Defense.
''(3) The transportation of personnel of the United
States and foreign countries (including per diem expenses associated with such transportation), and the transportation of supplies and equipment, for the purpose of facilitating counter-drug activities within or outside the United States.
''(4) The establishment (including an unspecified minor military construction project) and operation of bases of operations or training facilities for the purpose of facilitating counter-drug activities of the Department of Defense or any Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency within or outside the United States or counter-drug activities of a foreign law enforcement agency outside the United States.
''(5) Counter-drug related training of law enforcement personnel of the Federal Government, of State and local governments, and of foreign countries, including associated support expenses for trainees and the provision of materials necessary to carry out such training.
''(6) The detection, monitoring, and communication of the movement of—
''(A) air and sea traffic within 25 miles of and out- side the geographic boundaries of the United States; and
''(B) surface traffic outside the geographic boundary of the United States and within the United States not to exceed 25 miles of the boundary if the initial detection occurred outside of the boundary. ''(7) Construction of roads and fences and installation of lighting to block drug smuggling corridors across international boundaries of the United States. ''(8) Establishment of command, control, communications, and computer networks for improved integration of law enforcement, active military, and National Guard activities.
''(9) The provision of linguist and intelligence analysis services.
''(10) Aerial and ground reconnaissance.
''(c) LIMITATION ON COUNTER-DRUG REQUIREMENTS.— The Secretary of Defense may not limit the requirements for which support may be provided under sub-section (a) only to critical, emergent, or unanticipated requirements.
''(d) CONTRACT AUTHORITY.—In carrying out sub-section (a), the Secretary of Defense may acquire services or equipment by contract for support provided under that subsection if the Department of Defense would normally acquire such services or equipment by contract for the purpose of conducting a similar activity for the Department of Defense.
''(e) LIMITED WAIVER OF PROHIBITION.—Notwithstanding section 376 of title 10, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense may provide support pursuant to sub-section (a) in any case in which the Secretary determines that the provision of such support would adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States in the short term if the Secretary determines that the importance of providing such support outweighs such short-term adverse effect.
''(f) CONDUCT OF TRAINING OR OPERATION TO AID CIVIL- IAN AGENCIES.—In providing support pursuant to sub-section (a), the Secretary of Defense may plan and execute otherwise valid military training or operations (including training exercises undertaken pursuant to section 1206(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101–189; 103 Stat. 1564 [10 U.S.C. 124 note])) for the purpose of aiding civilian law enforcement agencies.
''(g) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS.—(1) The authority provided in this section for the support of counter-drug activities by the Department of Defense is in addition to, and except as provided in paragraph (2), not subject to the requirements of chapter 18 of title 10, United States Code.
''(2) Support under this section shall be subject to the provisions of section 375 and, except as provided in sub-section (e), section 376 of title 10, United States Code.
''(h) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION OF FACILITIES PROJECTS.—(1) When a decision is made to carry out a military construction project described in paragraph (2), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of Senate and House of Representatives] written notice of the decision, including the justification for the project and the estimated cost of the project. The project may be commenced only after the end of the 21-day period beginning on the date on which the written notice is received by Congress.
''(2) Paragraph (1) applies to an unspecified minor military construction project that—
''(A) is intended for the modification or repair of a Department of Defense facility for the purpose set forth in subsection (b)(4); and
''(B) has an estimated cost of more than $500,000.'' COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
Section 1103 of Pub. L. 100–456 related to integration of United States assets dedicated to interdiction of illegal drugs into an effective communications network, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1204(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1564. See section 1204(a) of Pub. L. 101–189 set out as a note under section 124 of this title.
ENHANCED DRUG INTERDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT ROLE FOR NATIONAL GUARD
Section 1105 of Pub. L. 100–456 related to funding and training of National Guard for purpose of drug interdiction and enforcement operations and for operation and maintenance of equipment and facilities for such purpose, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1207(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1566. See section 112 of Title 32, National Guard.
ADDITIONAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE
Pub. L. 99–570, title III, §3057, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–77, provided that the Secretary of Defense was to submit to Congress, within 90 days after Oct. 27, 1986, a list of all forms of assistance that were to be made available by the Department of Defense to civilian drug law enforcement and drug interdiction agencies and a plan for promptly lending equipment and rendering drug interdiction-related assistance included on the list, provided for congressional approval of the list and plan, required the Secretary to convene a conference of the heads of Government agencies with jurisdiction over drug law enforcement to determine the appropriate distribution of the assets or other assistance to be made available by the Department to such agencies, and provided for monitoring of the Department's performance by the General Accounting Office.
§375. Restriction on direct participation by military personnel
The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to ensure that any activity (including the provision of any equipment or facility or the assignment or detail of any personnel) under this chapter does not include or permit direct participation by a member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in a search, seizure, arrest, or other similar activity unless participation in such activity by such member is otherwise authorized by law.
(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX §905(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1116; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, § 1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2045; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1211, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1567.)
1989—Pub. L. 101–189 substituted ''any activity'' for ''the provision of any support'', struck out ''to any civilian law enforcement official'' after ''any personnel)'', and substituted ''a search, seizure, arrest,'' for ''a search and seizure, an arrest,''.
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: ''The Secretary of Defense shall issue such regulations as may be nec- essary to insure that the provision of any assistance (including the provision of any equipment or facility or the assignment of any personnel) to any civilian law enforcement official under this chapter does not include or permit direct participation by a member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in an interdiction of a vessel or aircraft, a search and seizure, arrest, or other similar activity unless participation in such activity by such member is otherwise authorized by law.''
§376. Support not to affect adversely military preparedness
Support (including the provision of any equipment or facility or the assignment or detail of any personnel) may not be provided to any civilian law enforcement official under this chapter if the provision of such support will adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States. The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to ensure that the provision of any such support does not adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title, IX, §905(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1116; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, § 1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2045.)
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 substituted ''Support'' for ''Assistance'' in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ''Assistance (including the provision of any equipment or facility or the assignment of any personnel) may not be provided to any civilian law enforcement official under this chapter if the provision of such assistance will adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States. The Secretary of Defense shall issue such regulations as may be necessary to insure that the provision of any such assistance does not adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States.''
§ 377. Reimbursement
(a) To the extent otherwise required by section 1535 of title 31 (popularly known as the ''Economy Act'') or other applicable law, the Secretary of Defense shall require a civilian law enforcement agency to which support is provided under this chapter to reimburse the Department of Defense for that support.
(b) An agency to which support is provided under this chapter is not required to reimburse the Department of Defense for such support if such support—
(1) is provided in the normal course of military training or operations; or
(2) results in a benefit to the element of the Department of Defense providing the support that is substantially equivalent to that which would otherwise
be obtained from military operations or training.
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: ''The Secretary of Defense shall issue regulations providing that reimbursement may be a condition of assistance to a civilian law enforcement official under this chapter.''
§ 378. Nonpreemption of other law
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the authority of the executive branch in the use of military personnel or equipment for civilian law enforcement purposes beyond that provided by law before December 1, 1981.
(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §905(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1116; amended Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, § 1405(10), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2622; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2045.)
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 reenacted section without change.
1984—Pub. L. 98–525 substituted ''before December 1, 1981'' for ''prior to the enactment of this chapter''.
§379. Assignment of Coast Guard personnel to naval vessels for law enforcement purposes
(a) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide that there be assigned on board every appropriate surface naval vessel at sea in a drug-interdiction area members of the Coast Guard who are trained in law enforcement and have powers of the Coast Guard under title 14, including the power to make arrests and to carry out searches and seizures.
(b) Members of the Coast Guard assigned to duty on board naval vessels under this section shall perform such law enforcement functions (including drug-interdiction functions)—
(1) as may be agreed upon by the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Se- curity; and
(2) as are otherwise within the jurisdiction of the Coast Guard.
(c) No fewer than 500 active duty personnel of the Coast Guard shall be assigned each fiscal year to duty under this section. However, if at any time the Secretary of Homeland Security, after consultation with the Secretary of Defense, determines that there are insufficient naval vessels available for purposes of this section, such personnel may be assigned other duty involving enforcement of laws listed in section 374(b)(4)(A) of this title.
(d) In this section, the term ''drug-interdiction area'' means an area outside the land area of the United States (as defined in section 374(b)(4)(B) of this title) in which the Secretary of Defense (in consultation with the Attorney General) determines that activities involving smuggling of drugs into the United States are ongoing.
(Added Pub. L. 99–570, title III, §3053(b)(1), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–75; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2045; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, § 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.)
2002—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1), (c). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted ''of Homeland Security'' for ''of Transportation''.
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally, substituting ''every appropriate surface naval vessel'' for ''appropriate surface naval vessels'' in subsec. (a), substituting ''section 374(b)(4)(A)'' for ''section 374(a)(1)'' in subsec. (c), and inserting ''(as defined in section 374(b)(4)(B) of this title)'' in subsec. (d)
Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective on the date of transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1704(g) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
§380. Enhancement of cooperation with civilian law enforcement officials
(a) The Secretary of Defense, in cooperation with the Attorney General, shall conduct an annual briefing of law enforcement personnel of each State (including law enforcement personnel of the political subdivisions of each State) regarding information, training, technical support, and equipment and facilities available to civilian law enforcement personnel from the Department of Defense.
(b) Each briefing conducted under subsection (a) shall include the following:
(1) An explanation of the procedures for civilian law enforcement officials—
(A) to obtain information, equipment, training, expert advice, and other personnel support under this chapter; and
(B) to obtain surplus military equipment.
(2) A description of the types of information, equipment and facilities, and training and advice available to civilian law enforcement officials from the Department of Defense.
(3) A current, comprehensive list of military equipment which is suitable for law enforcement officials from the Department of Defense or available as surplus property from the Administrator of General Services.
(c) The Attorney General and the Administrator of General Services shall—
(1) establish or designate an appropriate office or offices to maintain the list described in subsection (b)(3) and to furnish information to civilian law enforcement officials on the availability of surplus military equipment; and
(2) make available to civilian law enforcement personnel nationwide, tollfree telephone communication with such office or offices.
(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, § 1243(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1163; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2046.)
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to annual briefing of law enforcement personnel of each State by Secretary of Defense and Attorney General and establishment of offices and telephone communication with those offices regarding surplus military equipment for provisions requiring the Secretary to report to Congress on the availability of assistance, etc., to civilian law enforcement and drug interdiction agencies and to convene a conference and requiring the Comptroller General to monitor and report on the Secretary's compliance with those requirements.
§381. Procurement by State and local governments of law enforcement equipment suitable for counter-drug activities through the Department of Defense
(a) PROCEDURES.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall establish procedures in accordance with this subsection under which States and units of local government may purchase law enforcement equipment suitable for counter-drug activities through the Department of Defense. The procedures shall require the following:
(A) Each State desiring to participate in a procurement of equipment suitable for counter-drug activities through the Department of Defense shall submit to the Department, in such form and manner and at such times as the Secretary prescribes, the following:
(i) A request for law enforcement equipment.
(ii) Advance payment for such equipment, in an amount determined by the Secretary based on estimated or actual costs of the equipment and administrative costs incurred by the Department.
(B) A State may include in a request submit- ted under subparagraph (A) only the type of equipment listed in the catalog produced under subsection (c).
(C) A request for law enforcement equipment shall consist of an enumeration of the law enforcement equipment that is desired by the State and units of local government within the State. The Governor of a State may establish such procedures as the Governor considers appropriate for administering and coordinating requests for law enforcement equipment from units of local government within the State.
(D) A State requesting law enforcement equipment shall be responsible for arranging and paying for shipment of the equipment to the State and localities within the State.
(2) In establishing the procedures, the Secretary of Defense shall coordinate with the General Services Administration and other Federal agencies for purposes of avoiding duplication of effort.
(b) REIMBURSEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.—In the case of any purchase made by a State or unit of local government under the procedures established under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall require the State or unit of local government to reimburse the Department of Defense for the administrative costs to the Department of such purchase.
(c) GSA CATALOG.—The Administrator of General Services, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall produce and maintain a catalog of law enforcement equipment suitable
for counter-drug activities for purchase by States and units of local government under the procedures established by the Secretary under this section.
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
(1) The term ''State'' includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any territory or possession of the United States.
(2) The term ''unit of local government'' means any city, county, township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State; an Indian tribe which performs law enforcement functions as determined by the Secretary of the Interior; or any agency of the District of Columbia government or the United States Government performing law enforcement functions in and for the District of Columbia or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
(3) The term ''law enforcement equipment suitable for counter-drug activities'' has the meaning given such term in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. In prescribing the meaning of the term, the Secretary may not include any equipment that the Department of Defense does not procure for its own purposes.
(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, § 1122(a)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1754.)
TERMINATION OF TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
DEADLINE FOR ESTABLISHING PROCEDURES
Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, § 1122(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1755, directed the Secretary of Defense to establish procedures under subsec. (a) of this section not later than six months after Nov. 30, 1993.
§382. Emergency situations involving chemical or biological weapons of mass destruction
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, upon the request of the Attorney General, may provide assistance in support of Department of Justice activities relating to the enforcement of section 175 or 2332c of title 18 during an emergency situation involving a biological or chemical weapon of mass destruction. Department of Defense resources, including personnel of the Department of Defense, may be used to provide such assistance if—
(1) the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General jointly determine that an emergency situation exists; and
(2) the Secretary of Defense determines that the provision of such assistance will not adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States.
(b) EMERGENCY SITUATIONS COVERED.—In this section, the term ''emergency situation involving a biological or chemical weapon of mass destruction'' means a circumstance involving a biological or chemical weapon of mass destruction—
(1) that poses a serious threat to the interests of the United States; and
(2) in which—
(A) civilian expertise and capabilities are not readily available to provide the required assistance to counter the threat immediately posed by the weapon involved;
(B) special capabilities and expertise of the Department of Defense are necessary and critical to counter the threat posed by the weapon involved; and
(C) enforcement of section 175 or 2332c1 of title 18 would be seriously impaired if the Department of Defense assistance were not provided.
(c) FORMS OF ASSISTANCE.—The assistance referred to in subsection (a) includes the operation of equipment (including equipment made available under section 372 of this title) to monitor, contain, disable, or dispose of the weapon involved or elements of the weapon.
(d) REGULATIONS.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General shall jointly prescribe regulations concerning the types of assistance that may be provided under this section. Such regulations shall also describe the actions that Department of Defense personnel may take in circumstances incident to the provision of assistance under this section.
(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the regulations may not authorize the following actions:
(i) Arrest.
(ii) Any direct participation in conducting a search for or seizure of evidence related to a violation of section 175 or 2332c 1 of title 18.
(iii) Any direct participation in the collection of intelligence for law enforcement purposes.
(B) The regulations may authorize an action described in subparagraph (A) to be taken under the following conditions:
(i) The action is considered necessary for the immediate protection of human life, and civilian law enforcement officials are not capable of taking the action.
(ii) The action is otherwise authorized under subsection (c) or under otherwise applicable law.
(e) REIMBURSEMENTS.—The Secretary of Defense shall require reimbursement as a condition for providing assistance under this section to the extent required under section 377 of this title.
(f) DELEGATIONS OF AUTHORITY.—
(1) Except to the extent otherwise provided by the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense may exercise the authority of the Secretary of Defense under this section. The Secretary of Defense may delegate the Secretary's authority under this section only to an Under Secretary of Defense or an Assistant Secretary of Defense and only if the Under Secretary or Assistant Secretary to whom delegated has been designated by the Secretary to act for, and to exercise the general powers of, the Secretary.
(2) Except to the extent otherwise provided by the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General may exercise the authority of the Attorney General under this section. The Attorney General may delegate that authority only to the Associate Attorney General or an Assistant Attorney General and only if the Associate Attorney General or Assistant Attorney General to whom delegated has been designated by the Attorney General to act for, and to exercise the general powers of, the Attorney General.
(g) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER AUTHORITY.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict any executive branch authority regarding use of members of the armed forces or equipment of the Department of Defense that was in effect before September 23, 1996.
(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XIV, § 1416(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2721; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, § 1073(a)(6), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1900.)
Section 2332c of title 18, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b)(2)(C), and (d)(2)(A)(ii), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title II, §201(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–871.
1997—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted ''Septem- ber 23, 1996'' for ''the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997''.
MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO CIVIL AUTHORITIES TO RESPOND TO ACT OR THREAT OF TERRORISM
Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1023, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 747, authorized the Secretary of Defense, upon the request of the Attorney General, to provide assistance to civil authorities in responding to an act of terrorism or threat of an act of terrorism within the United States, if the Secretary determined that certain conditions were met, subject to reimbursement and limitations on funding and personnel, and provided that this authority applied between Oct. 1, 1999, and Sept. 30, 2004.
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Many fact-based or fact-inspired screenplays are derived, in some part, from interviews with individuals whose rights have been optioned in connection with the project. These interviews can provide personal stories and the essential emotional elements needed to bring docudramas to life.
In addition to helping the writer flesh out the story and layer emotional richness into a screenplay, a well-conducted and properly recorded interview can also expedite the annotation process and minimize the concerns of legal counsel. Chances are that you were provided with source material by the producer that motivated you to accept this project in the first place. Whether it was a book or a compilation of research materials, you were probably left with unanswered questions; those are the questions to ask your interview subjects. Make a step sheet of key points you want to cover during the interviews. I know it sounds simplistic, but I also know that you won't be sorry.
I suggest a bit of your own research too [just remember to keep a list of your research materials!]. Jump online and see what else you can find about the story and any of the individuals that you'll be speaking to or meeting with. The more knowledgeable you are, the more comfortable the interviewees will tend to be.
In addition to your questions about the actual story, consider making yourself a list of background questions to ask your subject. From your research, you likely know a bit about these people and the area they live in. You could expand upon that with some basic questions that may help get your subjects talking and give you a chance to know them better. Again, a step sheet may keep you on track.
Presumably your producer has already spoken to the people you are going to interview and will make an initial introduction to set the call or the actual meeting.
Most people want to be helpful and tell you as much as possible; after all, that is what the producers have paid them for. However, it is up to you, as the writer, to structure the interview in such a way that you will obtain the most honest and accurate insight into events. Focus, focus, focus and maintain control of the interview. Several writers I have spoken with caution against starting the interviews with questions about the big event [i.e.: whatever reason the story was sold as a basis for a screenplay]. Instead, try getting these people to tell you a bit about themselves - listen to their anecdotal stories. Stay focused and attentive, no matter what. These people are giving you a glimpse into their lives and want to know that you not only care about the story, but that you also care about them. While you may decide not to use any of this early interview material for your script, it is a means to get your subject(s) settled into a comfortable zone with you.
Copyright © 2018 Elizabeth Bardsley & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Q: Python - Beautiful Soup, how to get first value of tag I have this tag:
Actua Corp <acronym title="Central Index Key">CIK</acronym>#: 0001085621 (see all company filings)

How would I obtain the value after .
Which in this case is Actua Corp.
I'm open to all methods.

A: If you just want Actua Corp, you can use next
r = 'Actua Corp <acronym title="Central Index Key">CIK</acronym>#: 0001085621 (see all company filings)'

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(r)

span = soup.find('span', {'class': 'companyName'})
print(span.next)
>>> Actua Corp

If you want all of the text within the span, you can use text
print(span.text)
>>> Actua Corp CIK#: 0001085621 (see all company filings)


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