text:
About the CFI-FTER - AFI-LLC Newsletter November 2017
At this time of giving Thanks - we extend our appreciation to each of you!
Our agency is celebrating being in business 30 years - and we have all of our family, friends, clients and colleagues to thank for our success. We are truly very passionate about doing the best we can for those traumatized by a death, traumatic injury, or criminal charges. The Constitutional Rights and Civil Rights of every person is our highest priority to honor and defend.
As we all gather around the table with family and friends, at this special time of thanks, give a moment of silence for those unable to join you, or their own families and friends.
Our Forensic Testimonial Evidence Recovery (FTER) Experience (11/6/2017)
As part of the 2017 Rocky Mountain Investigators Conference, hosted by the Professional Private Investigators Association of Colorado (www.PPIAC.org), we registered for the full-day pre-conference event for the Certified Forensic Investigator - Forensic Testimonial Evidence Recovery (CFI-FTER). This was developed, and is taught by, our good friend and colleague, Brandon Perron, CCDI, CFI-FTER and certified through the Criminal Defense Investigation Training Council (CDITC - www.DefenseInvestigator.com). We are members of both associations and strongly recommend joining them and their resources.
Continued at www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog/our-forensic-testimonial-evidence-recovery-fter-experience
More natural disasters - California wildfires
Below is a link to the Go Fund Me account started by CALI for wildfires in California. Members are reported to have lost homes, schools, property more.
Several NCISS members, colleagues, family and friends are in the areas - we hope this ends soon and all are safe. Unfortunately, many structures have been destroyed, property lost, and there are several deaths with hundreds missing. There is very limited communication in the area.
Please keep all in your thoughts and prayers. www.gofundme.com/fire-victims-cali-members
-- At this time of giving thanks...
-- Our Forensic Testimonial Evidence Recovery (FTER) Experience
-- More natural disasters - California wildfires
-- World Association of Detectives - Governor of Americas, Administrative Manager - and congrats President Mike LaCorte
- Attacks on Our Fourth Amendment
- Licensing Private Investigators in Colorado
- Book Review by Eugene Ferraro of Practical Methods for Legal Investigations
- PPIAC Life Member Awarded presented to Dean Beers
-- Global Investigators Media Group (GIMG.tv) Facts & Forensics
- The Criminal Defense Investigation Training Council - Philosopher Award
- Congratulations to Bob Heales and Ryan Johnston on their merger
- The Case of the Cannibal School Teacher
- Prosecutors slammed for 'lack of moral compass'
- Feds move to block 'white hat' defense by Baton Rouge man in Trump tax return hacking case
- From our friends at PI Education...
Together We're Better - Together We Make the Difference!
Associates in Forensic Investigations LLC is a Rocky Mountain West Agency owned by Dean A. Beers, CLI, CCDI and Karen S. Beers, BSW, CCDI.
We provide Expert Consultations and Legal Investigations of Personal Injury, Negligence & Death in Civil, Criminal and Probate litigation. We are Subject Matter Experts in Equivocal Death Investigation and Analysis, Medicolegal Investigations of Death and Serious Bodily Injury.
Based in the Rocky Mountain West, we provide expert consultations nationally. Learn details at www.DeathCaseReview.com
World Association of Detectives – Governor of the Americas (www.WAD.net)
Last month Dean was notified by recently installed WAD President Mike LaCorte (Conflict International, UK) that he has been again appointed to Governor of the Americas. Dean has been a WAD Governor, previously an Ambassador, for several years. Since September 2015, Karen is the Administrative Manager for WAD. We are looking forward to the direction and leadership President LaCorte will bring to WAD and members.
Here is an informative video about WAD and membership, hosted by now President Mike LaCorte - www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZBZ9Rbb-EM
www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog.html
Associations for Networking, Training, Information and Friendship (from 4/4/2012)
You likely know the value of networking, training, information and professional relationships. Do you know how to foster these? By being active and involved. Things happen, whether we like it or not -- being proactive is important. You are likely already a member of your state association. The right associations can help expand your network, knowledge and resources. If you are not already, we highly recommend a few for national and international interests.
-- continued at www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog/associations-for-networking-training-information-and-friendship
Attacks on Our Fourth Amendment (from 04/26/2012)
When one truly ponders how our history and the evolution of our laws and governing bodies have progressed, one will recognize the fact that our freedoms have slowly been taken away from us. However, there is usually a process that the governing bodies should abide by while stealing our rights.
Continued at www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog/attacks-on-the-4th-amendment
Licensing Private Investigators in Colorado (from 05/29/2012)
With Colorado's unique volunteer licensing program, why did we choose to be licensed?
-- To demonstrate that we are vetted by the Colorado Department of Regulatory agencies (4,000 hours of experience is verified and all must pass a fingerprint CBI criminal records check)
-- Eases the burden of qualification on attorneys and other clients
-- For consumer protection (being licensed in another state offers no consumer protection in Colorado, but was necessary to PIs for records access and credibility before this program)
-- For continued access to records and databases (exceptions are increasingly more common to be given to those licensed within the states they do business)
-- To be on an equal plane as our licensed investigator colleagues
-- For the recognition and distinction that licensing provides
Continued at www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog/licensing-private-investigators-in-colorado
Book Review by Eugene Ferraro of Practical Methods for Legal Investigations (from 10/20/2012)
Author Dean Beers was never a street cop, but as a county deputy coroner he learned his way around a crime scene and it shows. Beers has a knack for casually (but professionally) walking the reader through one investigative challenge after another. He is insightful and fastidious and, most refreshingly, process driven.
He begins by describing the skills required to be a professional legal investigator and what the job entails. He then discusses investigative goals, objectives, and potential outcomes. Far too few books on the topic of investigations ever discuss these important elements, even as minor considerations.
Continued at www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog/book-review-by-eugene-ferraro-of-practical-methods-for-legal-investigations
PPIAC Life Member Awarded presented to Dean Beers (from 10/20/2012)
In presenting the award, Robert noted that Dean has committed many hours to not only the Professional Private Investigators Association of Colorado, but also as an ambassador for PPIAC to other associations and professional investigators nationwide.
Dean has dedicated this award to his wife, Karen, without whom nothing would be possible and everything is.
Continued at www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog/ppiac-life-member-awarded-presented-to-dean-beers
Latest book available...
"Investigating Death and Serious Bodily Injuries"
FALI is offering, for a limited time, our Investigating Death & Serious Bodily Injuries book, "Death and Serious Bodily Injury Investigation for the Professional Investigator," by Dean & Karen Beers.
These are for a limited time! The guide is under revision and will be released this summer for $95 - save 1/3 off the price now at just $70, including shipping with 50% net proceeds going to FALI!
https://fali.site-ym.com/store/ViewProduct.aspx?id=8948697
The manual is over 200 pages and begins with the core of the Beers's distance learning course manual. It includes over 20 additional forensic, death and serious bodily injury based articles.
Time is money!
Learn how we efficiently multi-task using these tools. Visit this article on our blog at www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog/time-is-money-multi-tasking-is-time-recovered!
DropBox - http://DropBox.PrivateInvestigations.org
Right Inbox for Gmail - www.RightInBox.com
Desktop Texting - www.MySMS.com
Ring Central Faxing - http://Fax.PrivateInvestigations.org
Ring Central VOIP - http://RingCentral.PrivateInvestigations.org
Toll-Free Numbers - http://Kall8.PrivateInvestigations.org (PIs - contact our office for more uses)
Split View - www.SplitView.com
Global Investigators Media Group (GIMG.tv)
Facts & Forensics
About every other month Dean host a podcast featuring topical information in the areas of legal investigations and forensic investigations. He is joined by his wife and business partner, Karen for 'Conversations with Karen' on special topics of interest. Dean closes each episode with a 'Special Guest' who is an expert in a forensic specialty. Tune in this, and every, month!
All shows are posted at http://gimg.tv - the latest podcast topics include:
Conversations with Karen
Every Contact Leaves a Trace
Is it Homicide or Suicide – Test Your Observation Skills
Special Guest with Dean
Brandon Perron, CCDI, CFI-FTER, returns to talk about FTER – Forensic Testimonial Evidence Recovery
Coming soon...!
We will be having our good friend and expert Forensic Photographer and GPS Analyst, Robert Wyman, return! Check the website in mid November.
Expert Affiliations
Dr. Cina, based in Colorado, is the former Chief Medical Examiner of Cook County IL. and now provides contract and independent forensic autopsies and consultations.
Contact our office to consult on medicolegal death and injury causation. The CVs of both Dr. Cina and Dr. Schueler are available by Contacting Us
We are proud of our working relationship with Dr. Cina, since 2002 and Dr. Schueler since 2010.
The associations conference season is coming to a close. Stay tuned for upcoming state, national and international association conferences.
National Association of Legal Investigators (www.NALI.com) - 2018 Mid-Winter is January 18th and 19th in Orange Beach, AL. Details at http://nalionline.org/events/mid-winter-conference-2018
National Council of Investigation & Security Services (www.NCISS.org) - 2018 Hit the Hill and Annual Meeting will be held March 19th-21st. Details will follow soon!
Professional Private investigations Association of Colorado (www.PPIAC.org) Monthly meetings are the first Wednesday of each month, usually in the Denver metro area. PPIAC continues to hold specialized training sessions for new and veteran investigators, and also specific to the new licensing program.
At the Annual Meeting in November, elections were held. Look for an updated list of the Vice Presidents and Directors next month. Board Chairman Steve Davis, and President Ryan Johnston, continue leading the association through their terms to November 2018.
NEW!! Members Only Page - www.nciss.org/members-only
State Legislation Awareness Monitoring (SLAM), Membership Directory (PDF), Member contributed articles.
Karen is the W.A.D. Administrative Manager, and Dean is the Governor of the Americas (North, Central and South America). Together we work to further the mission of W.A.D. and provide resources to clients needing assistance in these regions. The W.A.D. magazine,
The current issue of WAD's official newletter - Beyond Global - is available online at www.wad.net/newsletters-beyond-global
Additional memberships include FALI, TALI and CALI state associations, as well as specialty specific national associations (see right sidebar). If your association has news, please send it to us for inclusion in our newsletter.
(left) - Brandon Perron presents to Dean Beers and (right) - Bob Heales and Ryan Johnston announce a merger
News From Our Profession
The Criminal Defense Investigation Training Council - Philosopher Award
www.DeathCaseReview.com/afi-llc-blog/dean-beers-2017-investigator-philosopher-award
"Mr. Dean Beers has distinguished himself through meritorious and dedicated service to the discipline of criminal defense investigation as a nationally recognized leader. His significant contributions to the discipline via field investigation, discussion, debate, education, and leadership has elevated him to a position of prominence. Mr. Beers's intellectual acuity and reverence for truth has left a lasting impression on the next generation of criminal defense investigators. One of Mr. Beers's greatest assets is that he recognizes the investigator as a professional thinker engaged in the process of evaluating all the facts of evidence. His philosophy is one shared by the CD ITC, a philosophy that declares the investigator as an "impartial and objective advocate of the truth". Mr. Dean Beers, CCDI is a Defender of the United States Constitution!"
Presented by Brandon Perron, CCDI, CFI-FTER - CDITC National Director 10/07/2017
"We are honored to announce that Dean Beers, CCDI, CLI is the 2017 Investigator/Philosopher Award winner. It is our most distinguished award presented for scholarly contributions and leadership. Thank you, Dean, for all that you do to promote the highest level of investigation in defense of the U.S. Constitution and the right to a fair trial." and "Well deserved Dean Beers! Your efforts to promote truth and fairness in our justice system is greatly appreciated by all who fight the good fight! I am proud to call you and your partner and wife Karen colleague and friend."
Congratulations to Bob Heales and Ryan Johnston on their merger
From Bob Heales:
"It's been a good run. Over 37 years since I became a Private Investigator. I have had some great long term employees. John Karubus started in 1983 and has been my VP/GM most of that time. Jeff Hoppes was with me from 1985 until 2010 and moved to Minneapolis to manage that office in 1998. Ryan Johnston was with me from 1984 until 2000 as Senior Investigator when he left to start his own company. He follows in my footsteps as current President of the Colorado PI Association, PPIAC. He was always one of my best investigators.
We have trained nearly 100 investigators over the decades. Some were with us for a decade or longer, and some moved on to an assortment of police and sheriff departments and the State Patrol. I'm proud of all of them. My boys and girls.
Through a merger and acquisition, R.A Heales & Associates joins Night Moves of Denver to form Colorado Private Investigations, LLC. I am thrilled that Ryan is taking over as President and CEO. I will stay in the background as a consultant. Congratulations and good luck Ryan. I know you will continue to excel as one of Colorado's best."
Learned about the merged agencies at www.DenverCPI.com
The Case of the Cannibal School Teacher
Our thanks to our friend, 'Mr. Homicide' Vernon Geberth for sharing (www.PracticalHomicideInvestigation.com)
Albert Fentress abducted, abused, mutilated, murdered and then ate parts of an 18-year-old boy. But before he did all that - before he had even met his victim - he wrote a movie script, describing the murder her would later commit.
"A murder like that doesn't just happen on the spur of the moment," according to veteran homicide investigator, educator and consultant Vernon Geberth. It builds, over time, moving toward reality in stages. The script that the offender had written was like "foreplay." "
Then there is a triggering episode - In Fentress's case a very specific trigger and suddenly the foreplay isn't enough and the fantasy becomes a reality.
https://soundcloud.com/lohud-crime-scene/fentress-cannibal-school-teacher
Our thanks to our friend, Bill Elliott, CLI (Elliott & Associates - NM) for sharing all the following news and stories.
Prosecutors slammed for 'lack of moral compass,' withholding evidence in widening Massachusetts drug lab scandalTwice in recent years, chemists used by the state of Massachusetts to test drugs in criminal cases committed massive misconduct in their testing, affecting tens of thousands of cases. And twice, prosecutors in Massachusetts failed to act promptly to notify most defendants of the problem.
Instead, the prosecutors have taken years to seek justice for the defendants affected by the bad drug testing in both episodes, causing some people to wrongly spend years in prison.
www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2017/10/04/prosecutors-slammed-for-lack-of-moral-compass-withholding-evidence-in-widening-mass-drug-lab-scandal/?utm_term=.bca1df6702aa
Feds move to block 'white hat' defense by Baton Rouge man in Trump tax return hacking case
A local private investigator accused of trying to illegally obtain then-presidential candidate Donald Trump's unreleased tax returns should be barred from arguing to a jury that he did so for ethical reasons, federal prosecutors contend.
Jordan Hamlett, 32, of Baton Rouge, is scheduled to stand trial Dec. 4 on a federal charge of misrepresenting his Social Security number in a failed attempt to access Trump's tax returns before last year's presidential election.
www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/courts/article_3cfbeb26-b42c-11e7-8050-37e0379a2af3.html
From our friends at PI Education...
A few reasons why PI EDUCATION is the preferred continuing education provider for private investigators.
Learn from REAL, working, professional investigators.
- 24/7 Online Classroom
-Top Shelf Customer Support
-Easy, Convenient, Affordable
-- www.PIEducation.com
Legislative Activity Summary
It remains relatively quiet on the state and federal legislative activity. Most state legislatures are not in session, and Congress remains mostly busy with domestic economic and healthcare issues.
Security Officer Screening Improvements Act and Legislation
In the month of August, Lobbyit took advantage of the lull in legislative activity to discuss future plans for action on Senator Toomey's Security Officer Screening Improvements Act (SOSIA) with allied parties, including Steve Amitay, Executive Director of the National Association of Security Companies (NASCO).
What does this mean for our professions? Please read the full report at http://conta.cc/2xjlNLD
2018 Hit the Hill and Annual Conference - Speakers announced!
NCISS is fortunate to have many members with expertise in multiple investigative and security services disciplines. We appreciate them giving of their time to join us for the Hit the Hill and Annual Meeting events, as well as speak to our group on a variety of important trends and topics important to each of us. The conference committee has recently secured the following speakers. Details of the full schedule and registration will be coming soon!
Terry Kilburn
Terry will use his decades of database and records experience to speak on trends and techniques of effective database use.
Timothy A. Dimoff, CEO/President
SACS Consulting and Investigative Services, Inc.
The Escalating Trends of Aggression and Violence Sweeping Our Nation.
Cynthia Hetherington
Hetherington Group
Cynthia will speak on the Internet, open sources and database offerings.
Visit Your NCISS Website - www.NCISS.org
Facebook - www.facebook.com/NCISS.Association
For additional information on NCISS legislative activity, please visit www.nciss.org/important-nciss- news
Professional Investigators maintain communication with the attorney, client, witnesses, and other key persons in the investigation. Moreover, reports are the product of an organized investigation and should reflect the work product you expect.
Keyword - 'Professional'
Honesty, Integrity & Intelligence. These define Professional Investigators and gives you the confidence that your case is in competent and skilled hands.
Specializes in the Expert Consultations and Legal Investigations of Personal Injuries, Negligence and Death in Civil, Criminal and Probate litigation.
In addition, we continue to provide Individual Locates, Backgrounds and Assets & Liabilities for your Civil, Criminal, Probate and Domestic Relations litigation. Additional information at www.DeathCaseReview.com/general-services.html
Dean A. Beers, CLI, CCDI and Karen S. Beers, BSW, CCDI
IN CLOSING... We are honored to provide legal investigations for 30 years!
www.Forensic-Investigators.com
- Legal Investigations - Civil, Criminal & Probate
- Individual Locates, Backgrounds and Assets & Liabilities


text:
namespace sandbox {

namespace {

SANDBOX_TEST(SyscallIterator, Monotonous) {
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
    bool invalid_only = !i;  // Testing both |invalid_only| cases.
    SyscallIterator iter(invalid_only);
    uint32_t next = iter.Next();

    if (!invalid_only) {
      // The iterator should start at 0.
      SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == 0);
    }
    for (uint32_t last = next; !iter.Done(); last = next) {
      next = iter.Next();
      SANDBOX_ASSERT(last < next);
    }
    // The iterator should always return 0xFFFFFFFFu as the last value.
    SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == 0xFFFFFFFFu);
  }
}

#if defined(__mips__)
SANDBOX_TEST(SyscallIterator, PublicSyscallRangeMIPS) {
  SyscallIterator iter(false);
  uint32_t next = iter.Next();
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == 0);

  // Since on MIPS MIN_SYSCALL != 0 we need to move iterator to valid range.
  next = iter.Next();
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MIN_SYSCALL - 1);

  // The iterator should cover the public syscall range
  // MIN_SYSCALL..MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL, without skipping syscalls.
  for (uint32_t last = next; next < MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL + 1; last = next) {
    SANDBOX_ASSERT((next = iter.Next()) == last + 1);
  }
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL + 1);
}
#else
SANDBOX_TEST(SyscallIterator, PublicSyscallRangeIntelArm) {
  SyscallIterator iter(false);
  uint32_t next = iter.Next();

  // The iterator should cover the public syscall range
  // MIN_SYSCALL..MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL, without skipping syscalls.
  // We're assuming MIN_SYSCALL == 0 for all architectures,
  // this is currently valid for Intel and ARM EABI.
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(MIN_SYSCALL == 0);
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MIN_SYSCALL);
  for (uint32_t last = next; next < MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL + 1; last = next) {
    SANDBOX_ASSERT((next = iter.Next()) == last + 1);
  }
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL + 1);
}
#endif  // defined(__mips__)

#if defined(__arm__)
SANDBOX_TEST(SyscallIterator, ARMPrivateSyscallRange) {
  SyscallIterator iter(false);
  uint32_t next = iter.Next();
  while (next < MIN_PRIVATE_SYSCALL - 1) {
    next = iter.Next();
  }
  // The iterator should cover the ARM private syscall range
  // without skipping syscalls.
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MIN_PRIVATE_SYSCALL - 1);
  for (uint32_t last = next; next < MAX_PRIVATE_SYSCALL + 1; last = next) {
    SANDBOX_ASSERT((next = iter.Next()) == last + 1);
  }
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MAX_PRIVATE_SYSCALL + 1);
}

SANDBOX_TEST(SyscallIterator, ARMHiddenSyscallRange) {
  SyscallIterator iter(false);
  uint32_t next = iter.Next();
  while (next < MIN_GHOST_SYSCALL - 1) {
    next = iter.Next();
  }
  // The iterator should cover the ARM hidden syscall range
  // without skipping syscalls.
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MIN_GHOST_SYSCALL - 1);
  for (uint32_t last = next; next < MAX_SYSCALL + 1; last = next) {
    SANDBOX_ASSERT((next = iter.Next()) == last + 1);
  }
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MAX_SYSCALL + 1);
}
#endif

SANDBOX_TEST(SyscallIterator, Invalid) {
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
    bool invalid_only = !i;  // Testing both |invalid_only| cases.
    SyscallIterator iter(invalid_only);
    uint32_t next = iter.Next();

    while (next < MAX_SYSCALL + 1) {
      next = iter.Next();
    }

    SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MAX_SYSCALL + 1);
    while (next < 0x7FFFFFFFu) {
      next = iter.Next();
    }

    // The iterator should return the signed/unsigned corner cases.
    SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == 0x7FFFFFFFu);
    next = iter.Next();
    SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == 0x80000000u);
    SANDBOX_ASSERT(!iter.Done());
    next = iter.Next();
    SANDBOX_ASSERT(iter.Done());
    SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == 0xFFFFFFFFu);
  }
}

#if defined(__mips__)
SANDBOX_TEST(SyscallIterator, InvalidOnlyMIPS) {
  bool invalid_only = true;
  SyscallIterator iter(invalid_only);
  uint32_t next = iter.Next();
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == 0);
  // For Mips O32 ABI we're assuming MIN_SYSCALL == 4000.
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(MIN_SYSCALL == 4000);

  // Since on MIPS MIN_SYSCALL != 0, we need to move iterator to valid range
  // The iterator should skip until the last invalid syscall in this range.
  next = iter.Next();
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MIN_SYSCALL - 1);
  next = iter.Next();
  // First next invalid syscall should then be |MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL + 1|.
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL + 1);
}

#else

SANDBOX_TEST(SyscallIterator, InvalidOnlyIntelArm) {
  bool invalid_only = true;
  SyscallIterator iter(invalid_only);
  uint32_t next = iter.Next();
  // We're assuming MIN_SYSCALL == 0 for all architectures,
  // this is currently valid for Intel and ARM EABI.
  // First invalid syscall should then be |MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL + 1|.
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(MIN_SYSCALL == 0);
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MAX_PUBLIC_SYSCALL + 1);

#if defined(__arm__)
  next = iter.Next();
  // The iterator should skip until the last invalid syscall in this range.
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MIN_PRIVATE_SYSCALL - 1);
  while (next <= MAX_PRIVATE_SYSCALL) {
    next = iter.Next();
  }

  next = iter.Next();
  // The iterator should skip until the last invalid syscall in this range.
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MIN_GHOST_SYSCALL - 1);
  while (next <= MAX_SYSCALL) {
    next = iter.Next();
  }
  SANDBOX_ASSERT(next == MAX_SYSCALL + 1);
#endif  // defined(__arm__)
}
#endif  // defined(__mips__)

}  // namespace

}  // namespace sandbox

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tattoo removal or Fungus removal, we cover services from head to toe with lasers, IPLs, radiofrequency machines and more. Check out our Light/Energy coverage and stay protected against the burn!
Cocktails – not just for drinking anymore! We can provide coverage for Myers Cocktail injections, PRP, or good ol' fashioned Botox.
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Whether your clients are hot or cold, we can help you out from cyotherapy to body wraps and oxygen inhalation to infrared saunas.
Policies can be purchased on behalf of MediSpas who host the Cosmetic/Medical Services or by the doctor, nurse, aestheticians or anyone who can legally operate within their state. We can cover the entire facility or individuals operating in single or multiple locations. Workers Comp (in most states) and Cyber Protection are also available.


Mark McClure was the Ohio High School runner up in the high jump helping to secure the 1986 State Championship for the Green Bulldogs. Mark was also an outstanding basketball player earning All Suburban League honors three times, and in his senior year was First Team All Summit County and Suburban League Player of the Year. Along with his runner up in the high jump Mark also qualified for state in the 110 hurdles.
Mark McClure went on to Malone College where he won the NCCAA National Championship in the high jump and currently holds the Malone decathlon record.
McClure received a master's degree in Physical Education (Athletic Administration) from Ohio University and is currently the Head Track and Field Coach at Malone University. Before that he served as the head track & field and cross country coach at John Carroll University. He led his 2006 JCU women's track & field team to a 12th-place finish at the NCCAA Division III Outdoor National Championships and coached a total of 13 All-Americans during his tenure at the school. Prior to his stint at JCU, McClure served for nine years (1994-2003) as an assistant cross country and track & field coach at Miami University. He has also been an assistant coach at the University of Akron (1993-94), Emory (GA) University (1992-93) and Ohio University (1991-92).
McClure was inducted into the Malone Athletics Hall of Fame in January of 2007. He and his wife, Bonnie, a former state champion in the 800 meters, and their five children, Collin , Conner, Caden, Caleb, and Caylie, reside in Green.


J-Film: What a Wonderful Family!
Image: © 2018 "What a Wonderful Family!" Film Partners.
What she wanted for her birthday was...a divorce!
The eldest son of an old couple, Shuzo and Tomiko, lives with his parents along with his wife while their eldest daughter lives with her husband in the same neighborhood. The second son is planning to get married to his girlfriend.
On the surface, they all appear to be leading ordinary, happy lives, but a tempest suddenly hits the family. On Tomiko's birthday, her husband asks her what she wants to which she replies, "A divorce." The family is suddenly thrown into a state of panic to hear this news and eventually each family member begins to divulge their respective grievances.


« Reminder…2019 Industry Salary Survey Open Until Friday!
This person will lead a team of Architectural & Design Representatives and Territory Managers.
Ideal candidate will mostly work in local markets with travel topping out at 30% overnight. Critical experience includes having leadership experience leading a team or direct employees and strong sales experience and success calling on commercial contractors. A professional who has strong initiative, adaptable and ethical thrive in this role that reports to the President.
This opportunity offers a competitive base salary, uncapped bonus opportunity and comprehensive benefits.


Margravine aims to "identify and develop the next generation of native digital talent".
Joe and Caspar will become directors of the new company, providing individuals with "expertise, guidance and entrepreneurial spirit".
Sports and media brand IMG has also been announced as a "strategic partner" in the firm.
In a statement, Joe and Caspar said they are "excited" to launch the organisation.
"We have been working in the digital space for over eight years now and can't wait to combine our experience and skill with the strategic guidance of IMG to offer a new management service and bring about a new era of digital talent," they said.
Margravine will be based in London and the company will reveal its first tier of signings "within the coming weeks".
Find out what the team behind HelloWorld have to say about this year's event, or who's part of this year's Creators for Change line-up.
Blogger, vlogger and journalist who loves books, music and a random fact or two. I also make the occasional deaf awareness video or vlog on YouTube. || @lifeofathinker || Photo: Ollie Cole.


Ghana's Ministry of Food and Agriculture currently operates an agricultural extension agency program to help teach smallholder farmers the most current farming techniques, but there are not enough agents to provide a constant presence in local communities. As part of the Disseminating Innovative Resources and Technologies to Smallholder Farmers (DIRTS) project, researchers collaborated with the ministry to test a new community agricultural extension agent program, which selected and trained local agents to supplement the existing MOFA agents and provide more frequent teaching and support.
Community extension agents successfully increased local farmers' knowledge and improved their practices.
Delivering specific information about a practice close to the time when the practice should be adopted may be an important component of a successful program.
However, farmers' improved knowledge and implementation of best practices did not ultimately translate into increased yields or more earnings for the farmers.
Farmers who received the program invested more in the use of chemicals, but not other inputs.
*These results are preliminary and may change after further data collection and/or analysis.
The seed comparison found a wide variety in yields between seeds, with farmers who grew the foreign hybrid seed, Adikanfo, on average yielding more than double that yielded from the local hybrid seed, Mamaba.
Contrary to expectations, the commonly-used local seed, Obaatanpa, outperformed the local hybrid seed, Mamaba.
The study suggests a farmer cultivating one hectare of land who switched from Obaatanpa to Adikanfo would harvest about 1.8 tons more maize, translating into an increase in profit of more than 1,600 GHC.
It is important to note these results are particular to this context and conditions, and during the growing season studied there was ample rainfall. These results cannot speak to characteristics of seeds not tested under these conditions, such as drought resistance.
*Results are preliminary and may change after further data collection and/or analysis. Note this study was not a randomized evaluation.
In Ghana, and many other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, farmers invest little in inputs, such as improved seed, fertilizer, and other chemicals to improve their yields. One reason for this may be risk associated with factors out of their control, such as weather. As part of the "Disseminating Innovative Resources and Technologies to Smallholder Farmers" project, researchers partnered with a weather forecasting firm to test the impact of providing daily short-term weather forecasts by SMS.
Farmers who received the forecasts, as well as farmers living nearby, used this information to change their behavior, timing planting and chemical application for days when light rain was forecast.
However, there was no discernable impact of the service on farmers' overall profits.
Overall, the results suggest that forecasts are inexpensive and effective at changing farmer behavior, but they were not sufficient to increase overall profits alone.
Social networks are an important mechanism for diffusing information when institutions are missing, but there may be distributional consequences from targeting only central nodes in a network. After implementing a social network census, one of three village-level treatments determined which treated nodes in the village received information about composting: random assignment, nodes with the highest degree, or nodes with high betweenness. We then look at how information diffuses through the network. We find information diffusion declines with social distance, suggesting frictions in the diffusion of information. Aggregate knowledge about the technology did not differ across targeting strategies, but targeting nodes using betweenness measures in village-level networks excludes less-connected nodes from new information. Women farmers are less likely to receive information when betweenness centrality is used in targeting, suggesting there are important gender differences, not only in the relationship between social distance and diffusion, but also in the social learning process.


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Label: IBUPROFEN- ibuprofen oral suspension
NDC Code(s): 59651-032-12, 59651-032-47
Packager: Aurobindo Pharma Limited
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS).
Ibuprofen oral suspension is contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS).
The active ingredient in Ibuprofen oral suspension USP is ibuprofen, which is a member of the propionic acid group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ibuprofen is a racemic mixture of [+]S- and [-]R-enantiomers. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder, with a melting point of 75° to 78°C. It is practically insoluble in water (< 0.1 mg/mL), but very soluble in alcohol, methanol, chloroform and acetone, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate. Ibuprofen has a pKa of 3.6 and an n-octanol/water partition coefficient of 3.3. The chemical name for ibuprofen is (±)-2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid. The molecular weight of ibuprofen is 206.28. Its molecular formula is C13H18O2 and it has the following structural formula:
Ibuprofen oral suspension USP is a light orange to orange colored, berry flavored suspension containing 100 mg of ibuprofen USP in 5 mL (20 mg/mL). Inactive ingredients include: acesulfame potassium, art raspberry, citric acid anhydrous, D&C yellow No. 10, FD & C red No.40, glycerin, hypromellose, polysorbate 80, pregelatinized starch (potato), purified water, sodium benzoate, sucrose and xanthan gum.
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. Its mode of action, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood, but may be related to prostaglandin synthetase inhibition. After absorption of the racemic ibuprofen, the [-]R-enantiomer undergoes interconversion to the [+]S-form. The biological activities of ibuprofen are associated with the [+]S-enantiomer.
Ibuprofen is a racemic mixture of [-]R-and [+]S-isomers. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the [+]S-isomer is responsible for clinical activity. The [-]R-form, while thought to be pharmacologically inactive, is slowly and incompletely (~ 60%) interconverted into the active [+]S species in adults. The degree of interconversion in children is unknown, but is thought to be similar. The [-]R-isomer serves as a circulating reservoir to maintain levels of active drug. Ibuprofen is well absorbed orally, with less than 1% being excreted in the urine unchanged. It has a biphasic elimination time curve with a plasma half-life of approximately 2 hours. Studies in febrile children have established the dose-proportionality of 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of ibuprofen. Studies in adults have established the dose-proportionality of ibuprofen as a single oral dose from 50 to 600 mg for total drug and up to 1200 mg for free drug.
Absorption - In vivo studies indicate that ibuprofen is well absorbed orally from the suspension formulation, with peak plasma levels usually occurring within 1 to 2 hours (see Table 1).
Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Ibuprofen Oral Suspension
[Mean values (% coefficient of variation)]
200 mg (2.8 mg/kg) in
10 mg/kg in
Febrile Children
Number of Patients
AUCinf (mcg•h/mL)
Cmax(mcg/mL)
Tmax(h)
CI/F (mL/h/kg)
Legend: AUCinf = Area-under-the-curve to infinity
Tmax = Time-to-peak plasma concentration
Cl/F = Clearance divided by fraction at drug absorbed
Antacids - A bioavailability study in adults has shown that there was no interference with the absorption of ibuprofen when given in conjunction with an antacid containing both aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
H-2 Antagonists – In studies with human volunteers, coadministration of cimetidine or ranitidine with ibuprofen had no substantive effect on ibuprofen serum concentrations.
Food Effects – Absorption is most rapid when ibuprofen is given under fasting conditions. Administration of ibuprofen with food affects the rate but not the extent of absorption. When taken with food, Tmax is delayed by approximately 30 to 60 minutes, and peak levels are reduced by approximately 30 to 50%.
Distribution - Ibuprofen, like most drugs of its class, is highly protein bound (>99% bound at 20 mcg/mL). Protein binding is saturable and at concentrations >20 mcg/mL binding is non-linear. Based on oral dosing data there is an age- or fever-related change in volume of distribution for ibuprofen. Febrile children <11 years old have a volume of approximately 0.2 L/kg while adults have a volume of approximately 0.12 L/kg. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown.
Metabolism - Following oral administration, the majority of the dose was recovered in the urine within 24 hours as the hydroxy-(25%) and carboxypropyl-(37%) phenylpropionic acid metabolites. The percentages of free and conjugated ibuprofen found in the urine were approximately 1% and 14%, respectively. The remainder of the drug was found in the stool as both metabolites and unabsorbed drug.
Elimination - Ibuprofen is rapidly metabolized and eliminated in the urine. The excretion of ibuprofen is virtually complete 24 hours after the last dose. It has a biphasic plasma elimination time curve with a half-life of approximately 2.0 hours. There is no difference in the observed terminal elimination rate or half-life between children and adults, however, there is an age- or fever-related change in total clearance. This suggests that the observed change in clearance is due to changes in the volume of distribution of ibuprofen (see Table 1 for CI/F values).
Clinical Studies - Controlled clinical trials comparing doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg ibuprofen suspension and 10 to 15 mg/kg of acetaminophen elixir have been conducted in children 6 months to 12 years of age with fever primarily due to viral illnesses. In these studies there were no differences between treatments in fever reduction for the first hour and maximum fever reduction occurred between 2 and 4 hours. Response after 1 hour was dependent on both the level of temperature elevation as well as the treatment. In children with baseline temperatures at or below 102.5°F both ibuprofen doses and acetaminophen were equally effective in their maximum effect. In children with temperatures above 102.5°F, the ibuprofen 10 mg/kg dose was more effective. By 6 hours, children treated with ibuprofen 5 mg/kg tended to have recurrence of fever, whereas children treated with ibuprofen 10 mg/kg still had significant fever reduction at 8 hours. In control groups treated with 10 mg/kg acetaminophen, fever reduction resembled that seen in children treated with 5 mg/kg of ibuprofen, with the exception that temperature elevation tended to return 1 to 2 hours earlier.
In patients with primary dysmenorrhea, ibuprofen has been shown to reduce elevated levels of prostaglandin activity in the menstrual fluid and to reduce testing and active intrauterine pressure, as well as the frequency of uterine contractions. The probable mechanism of action is to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis rather than simply to provide analgesia.
In another study, where immediate-release aspirin 81 mg was administered once daily with ibuprofen 400 mg given three times daily (1, 7, and 13 hours post-aspirin dose) for 10 consecutive days, the mean % serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) inhibition suggested no interaction with the antiplatelet activity of aspirin [98.3%]. However there were individual subjects with serum TxB2 inhibition below 95%, with the lowest being 90.2%.
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of ibuprofen oral suspension and other treatment options before deciding to use ibuprofen oral suspension. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS).
In Pediatric Patients, Ibuprofen Oral Suspension is indicated:
For reduction of fever in patients aged 6 months up to 2 years of age.
For relief of mild to moderate pain in patients aged 6 months up to 2 years of age.
For relief of signs and symptoms of juvenile arthritis.
In Adults, Ibuprofen Oral Suspension is indicated:
For treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
For relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Since there have been no controlled trials to demonstrate whether there is any beneficial effect or harmful interaction with the use of ibuprofen in conjunction with aspirin, the combination cannot be recommended (see PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions).
Ibuprofen oral suspension is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen oral suspension should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients (see WARNINGS-Anaphylactoid Reactions, and PRECAUTIONS-Preexisting Asthma).
Ibuprofen oral suspension is contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see WARNINGS).
Two large, controlled clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10 to 14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. NSAIDs are contraindicated in the setting of CABG (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).
Avoid the use of ibuprofen oral suspension in patients with a recent MI unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of recurrent CV thrombotic events. If ibuprofen oral suspension is used in patients with a recent MI, monitor patients for signs of cardiac ischemia.
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, can lead to onset of new hypertension or worsening of pre-existing hypertension, either of which may contribute to the increased incidence of CV events. Patients taking thiazides or loop diuretics may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs. NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, should be used with caution in patients with hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) should be monitored closely during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.
Additionally, fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients treated with NSAIDs, Use of ibuprofen may blunt the CV effects of several therapeutic agents used to treat these medical conditions [e.g., diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)] (see Drug Interactions).
Avoid the use of ibuprofen oral suspension in patients with severe heart failure unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening heart failure. If ibuprofen oral suspension is used in patients with severe heart failure, monitor patients for signs of worsening heart failure.
Gastrointestinal Effects – Risk of Ulceration, Bleeding, and Perforation
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, can cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients, who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy, is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occur in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3 to 6 months, and in about 2 to 4% of patients treated for one year. These trends continue with longer duration of use, increasing the likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time during the course of therapy. However, even short-term therapy is not without risk.
NSAIDs should be prescribed with extreme caution in those with a prior history of ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with a prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or gastrointestinal bleeding who use NSAIDs have a greater than 10-fold risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients with neither of these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk for GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include concomitant use of oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants, longer duration of NSAID therapy, smoking, use of alcohol, older age, and poor general health status. Most spontaneous reports of fatal GI events are in elderly or debilitated patients and therefore, special care should be taken in treating this population.
To minimize the potential risk for an adverse GI event in patients treated with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest possible duration. Patients and physicians should remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulceration and bleeding during NSAID therapy and promptly initiate additional evaluation and treatment if a serious GI adverse event is suspected. This should include discontinuation of the NSAID until a serious GI adverse event is ruled out. For high risk patients, alternate therapies that do not involve NSAIDs should be considered.
Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may cause a dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.
No information is available from controlled clinical studies regarding the use of ibuprofen in patients with advanced renal disease. Therefore, treatment with ibuprofen is not recommended in these patients with advanced renal disease. If ibuprofen therapy must be initiated, close monitoring of the patient's renal function is advisable.
As with other NSAIDs, anaphylactoid reactions may occur in patients without known prior exposure to ibuprofen. Ibuprofen should not be given to patients with the aspirin triad. This symptom complex typically occurs in asthmatic patients who experience rhinitis with or without nasal polyps, or who exhibit severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and PRECAUTIONS-Preexisting Asthma). Emergency help should be sought in cases where an anaphylactoid reaction occurs.
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, can cause serious skin adverse events such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Patients should be informed about the signs and symptoms of serious skin manifestations and use of the drug should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) has been reported in patients taking NSAIDs such as ibuprofen oral suspension. Some of these events have been fatal or life-threatening. DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and/or facial swelling. Other clinical manifestations may include hepatitis, nephritis, hematological abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis. Sometimes symptoms of DRESS may resemble an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present. Because this disorder is variable in its presentation, other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity, such as fever or lymphadenopathy, may be present even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, discontinue ibuprofen oral suspension and evaluate the patient immediately.
Avoid use of NSAIDs, including ibuprofen oral suspension, in pregnant women at about 30 weeks gestation and later. NSAIDs including ibuprofen oral suspension, increase the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus at approximately this gestational age.
Use of NSAIDs, including ibuprofen oral suspension, at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy may cause fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. These adverse outcomes are seen, on average, after days to weeks of treatment, although oligohydramnios has been infrequently reported as soon as 48 hours after NSAID initiation. Oligohydramnios is often, but not always, reversible with treatment discontinuation. Complications of prolonged oligohydramnios may, for example, include limb contractures and delayed lung maturation. In some postmarketing cases of impaired neonatal renal function, invasive procedures such as exchange transfusion or dialysis were required.
If NSAID treatment is necessary between about 20 weeks and 30 weeks gestation, limit ibuprofen oral suspension use to the lowest effective dose and shortest duration possible. Consider ultrasound monitoring of amniotic fluid if ibuprofen oral suspension treatment extends beyond 48 hours. Discontinue ibuprofen oral suspension if oligohydramnios occurs and follow up according to clinical practice [see PRECAUTIONS; Pregnancy].
Ibuprofen cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids may lead to disease exacerbation. Patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should have their therapy tapered slowly if a decision is made to discontinue corticosteroids. The pharmacological activity of ibuprofen in reducing fever and inflammation may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting complications of presumed noninfectious, painful conditions.
Borderline elevations of one or more liver tests may occur in up to 15% of patients taking NSAIDs including ibuprofen. These laboratory abnormalities may progress, may remain unchanged, or may be transient with continuing therapy. Notable elevations of ALT or AST (approximately three or more times the upper limit of normal) have been reported in approximately 1% of patients in clinical trials with NSAIDs. In addition, rare cases of severe hepatic reactions, including jaundice and fatal fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis and hepatic failure, some of them with fatal outcomes have been reported.
A patient with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormal liver test has occurred, should be evaluated for evidence of the development of a more severe hepatic reaction while on therapy with ibuprofen. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), ibuprofen should be discontinued.
Anemia is sometimes seen in patients receiving NSAIDs, including ibuprofen. This may be due to fluid retention, occult or gross GI blood loss, or an incompletely described effect upon erythropoiesis. Patients on long-term treatment with NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, should have their hemoglobin or hematocrit checked if they exhibit any signs or symptoms of anemia.
NSAIDs inhibit platelet aggregation and have been shown to prolong bleeding time in some patients. Unlike aspirin, their effect on platelet function is quantitatively less, of shorter duration, and reversible. Patients receiving ibuprofen who may be adversely affected by alterations in platelet function, such as those with coagulation disorders or patients receiving anticoagulants, should be carefully monitored.
Patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma. The use of aspirin in patients with aspirin- sensitive asthma has been associated with severe bronchospasm, which can be fatal. Since cross reactivity, including bronchospasm, between aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been reported in such aspirin-sensitive patients, ibuprofen should not be administered to patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity and should be used with caution in patients with preexisting asthma.
Aseptic meningitis, with fever and coma, has been observed on rare occasions in patients on ibuprofen therapy. Although it is probably more likely to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and related connective tissue diseases, it has been reported in patients who do not have an underlying chronic disease.
Ibuprofen oral suspension contains 0.3 g sucrose and 1.6 calories per mL, or 1.5 g sucrose and 8 calories per teaspoon, which should be taken into consideration when treating diabetic patients with this product.
Information for Patients:
CARDIOVASCULAR THROMBOTIC EVENTS: Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of cardiovascular thrombotic events, including chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, or slurring of speech, and to report any of these symptoms to their healthcare provider immediately (see WARNINGS).
Ibuprofen, like other NSAIDs, can cause GI discomfort and, rarely, serious GI side effects, such as ulcers and bleeding, which may result in hospitalization or even death. Although serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur without warning symptoms, patients should be alert for signs and symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis. Patients should be apprised of the importance of this follow-up (see WARNINGS, Gastrointestinal Effects-Risk of Ulceration, Bleeding, and Perforation).
Serious Skin Reactions, including DRESS
Advise patients to stop taking ibuprofen oral suspension immediately if they develop any type of rash or fever and to contact their healthcare provider as soon as possible [see Warnings].
Heart Failure And Edema: Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of congestive heart failure including shortness of breath, unexplained weight gain, or edema and to contact their healthcare provider if such symptoms occur (see WARNINGS).
Patients should be informed of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, pruritis, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and "flu-like" symptoms). If these occur, patients should be instructed to stop therapy and seek immediate medical therapy.
Patients should be informed of the signs of an anaphylactoid reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat). If these occur, patients should be instructed to seek immediate emergency help (see WARNINGS).
Fetal Toxicity Inform pregnant women to avoid use of ibuprofen oral suspension and other NSAIDs starting at 30 weeks gestation because of the risk of the premature closing of the fetal ductus arteriosus. If treatment with ibuprofen oral suspension is needed for a pregnant woman between about 20 to 30 weeks gestation, advise her that she may need to be monitored for oligohydramnios, if treatment continues for longer than 48 hours [see WARNINGS; Fetal Toxicity, PRECAUTIONS; Pregnancy].
Because serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur without warning symptoms, physicians should monitor for signs or symptoms of GI bleeding. Patients on long-term treatment with NSAIDs should have their CBC and a chemistry profile checked periodically. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver or renal disease develop, systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.) or if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen, ibuprofen should be discontinued.
As with other NSAIDs, concomitant administration of IBUPROFEN and aspirin is not generally recommended because of the potential of increased adverse effects.
Clinical studies, as well as post marketing observations, have shown that ibuprofen can reduce the natriuretic effect of furosemide and thiazides in some patients. This response has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. During concomitant therapy with NSAIDs, the patient should be observed closely for signs of renal failure (see WARNINGS, Renal Effects), as well as to assure diuretic efficacy.
Several short-term controlled studies failed to show that ibuprofen significantly affected prothrombin times or a variety of other clotting factors when administered to individuals on warfarin-type anticoagulants. However, because bleeding has been reported when ibuprofen and other NSAIDs have been administered to patients on warfarin-type anticoagulants, the physician should be cautious when administering ibuprofen to patients on anticoagulants. The effects of warfarin and NSAIDs on GI bleeding are synergistic, such that the users of both drugs together have a risk of serious GI bleeding higher than users of either drug alone.
Use of NSAIDs, including ibuprofen oral suspension, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus and fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. Because of these risks, limit dose and duration of ibuprofen oral suspension use between about 20 and 30 weeks of gestation, and avoid ibuprofen oral suspension use at about 30 weeks of gestation and later in pregnancy [see WARNINGS; Fetal Toxicity].
Use of NSAIDs, including ibuprofen oral suspension, at about 30 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy increases the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus.
Data from observational studies regarding other potential embryofetal risks of NSAID use in women in the first or second trimesters of pregnancy are inconclusive. In animal reproductive studies conducted in rats and rabbits have not demonstrated evidence of developmental abnormalities. However, animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. Based on animal data, prostaglandins have been shown to have an important role in endometrial vascular permeability, blastocyst implantation, and decidualization. In animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as ibuprofen, resulted in increased pre- and post-implantation loss. Prostaglandins also have been shown to have an important role in fetal kidney development. In published animal studies, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors have been reported to impair kidney development when administered at clinically relevant doses. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Avoid use of NSAIDs in women at about 30 weeks gestation and later in pregnancy, because NSAIDs, including ibuprofen oral suspension, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus (see WARNINGS; Fetal Toxicity).
If an NSAID is necessary at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy, limit the use to the lowest effective dose and shortest duration possible. If ibuprofen oral suspension treatment extends beyond 48 hours, consider monitoring with ultrasound for oligohydramnios. If oligohydramnios occurs, discontinue ibuprofen oral suspension and follow up according to clinical practice (see WARNINGS; Fetal Toxicity).
There are no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ibuprofen should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
In rat studies with NSAIDs, as with other drugs known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, an increased incidence of dystocia, delayed parturition, and decreased pup survival occurred. The effects of ibuprofen on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown. Therefore, administration of ibuprofen is not recommended during labor and delivery.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from ibuprofen, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Safety and effectiveness of ibuprofen in pediatric patients below the age of 6 months have not been established (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - Clinical Studies). Dosing of ibuprofen in children 6 months or older should be guided by their body weight (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
In patients taking ibuprofen or other NSAIDs, the most frequently reported adverse experiences occurring in approximately 1 to 10% of patients are: Abnormal renal function, anemia, dizziness, edema, elevated liver enzymes, fluid retention, gastrointestinal experiences (including abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, epigastric pain, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, vomiting), headaches, increased bleeding time, nervousness, pruritus, rashes (including maculopapular) and tinnitus.
Additional adverse experiences reported occasionally include:
Body as a whole - fever, infection, sepsis
Cardiovascular system - congestive heart failure in patients with marginal cardiac function, hypertension, tachycardia, syncope
Digestive system - dry mouth, duodenitits, esophagitis, gastric or duodenal ulcer with bleeding and/or perforation, gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, glossitis, hematemesis, hepatitis, jaundice, melena, rectal bleeding
Hemic and lymphatic system - ecchymosis, eosinophilia, leukopenia, purpura, stomatitis, thrombocytopenia
Metabolic and nutritional - weight changes
Nervous system - anxiety, asthenia, confusion, depression, dream abnormalities, drowsiness, insomnia, malaise, paresthesia, somnolence, tremors, vertigo
Respiratory system - asthma, dyspnea
Skin and appendages - alopecia, photosensitivity, sweat
Special senses - blurred vision
Urogenital system - cystitis, dysuria, hematuria, interstitial nephritis, oliguria/polyuria, proteinuria, acute renal failure in patients with pre-existing significantly impaired renal function
Other adverse reactions, which occur rarely are:
Body as a whole - anaphylactic reactions, anaphylactoid reactions, appetite changes
Cardiovascular system - arrhythmia, cerebrovascular accident, hypotension, myocardial infarction, palpitations, vasculitis
Digestive system - eructation, gingival ulcer, hepatorenal syndrome, liver necrosis, liver failure, pancreatitis
Hemic and lymphatic system - agranulocystosis, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, lymphadenopathy, neutropenia, pancytopenia
Metabolic and nutritional - hyperglycemia
Nervous system - convulsions, coma, emotional lability, hallucinations, aseptic meningitis
Respiratory - apnea, respiratory depression, pneumonia, rhinitis
Skin and appendages - angioedema, toxic epidermal necrosis, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens Johnson syndrome, urticaria, vesiculobullous eruptions
Special senses - amblyopia (blurred and/or diminished vision, scotomata and/or changes in color vision), conjunctivitis, dry eyes, hearing impairment
Urogenital - azotemia, decreased creatinine clearance, glomerulitis, renal papillary necrosis, tubular necrosis
The toxicity of ibuprofen overdose is dependent upon the amount of drug ingested and the time elapsed since ingestion, though individual response may vary, which makes it necessary to evaluate each case individually. Although uncommon, serious toxicity and death have been reported in the medical literature with ibuprofen overdosage. The most frequently reported symptoms of ibuprofen overdose include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy and drowsiness. Other central nervous system symptoms include headache, tinnitus, CNS depression and seizures. Metabolic acidosis, coma, acute renal failure and apnea (primarily in very young children) may rarely occur. Cardiovascular toxicity, including hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, also have been reported.
The treatment of acute ibuprofen overdose is primarily supportive. Management of hypotension, acidosis and gastrointestinal bleeding may be necessary.
In cases of acute overdose, the stomach should be emptied through ipecac-induced emesis or lavage. Emesis is most effective if initiated within 30 minutes of ingestion. Orally administered activated charcoal may help in reducing the absorption and reabsorption of ibuprofen.
In children, the estimated amount of ibuprofen ingested per body weight may be helpful to predict the potential for development of toxicity although each case must be evaluated. Ingestion of less than 100 mg/kg is unlikely to produce toxicity. Children ingesting 100 to 200 mg/kg may be managed with induced emesis and a minimal observation time of four hours. Children ingesting 200 to 400 mg/kg of ibuprofen should have immediate gastric emptying and at least four hours observation in a healthcare facility. Children ingesting greater than 400 mg/kg require immediate medical referral, careful observation and appropriate supportive therapy. Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended in overdoses greater than 400 mg/kg because of the risk for convulsions and the potential for aspiration of gastric contents.
In adult patients the history of the dose reportedly ingested does not appear to be predictive of toxicity. The need for referral and follow-up must be judged by the circumstances at the time of the overdose ingestion. Symptomatic adults should be carefully evaluated, observed and supported.
After observing the response to initial therapy with ibuprofen oral suspension, the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patient's needs.
Fever Reduction: For reduction of fever in children, 6 months up to 2 years of age, the dosage should be adjusted on the basis of the initial temperature level (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). The recommended dose is 5 mg/kg if the baseline temperature is less than 102.5ºF, or 10 mg/kg if the baseline temperature is 102.5ºF or greater. The duration of fever reduction is generally 6 to 8 hours. The recommended maximum daily dose is 40 mg/kg.
Analgesia: For relief of mild to moderate pain in children 6 months up to 2 years of age, the recommended dosage is 10 mg/kg, every 6 to 8 hours. The recommended maximum daily dose is 40 mg/kg. Doses should be given so as not to disturb the child's sleep pattern.
Juvenile Arthritis: The recommended dose is 30 mg/kg/day to 40 mg/kg/day divided into three to four doses (see Individualization of Dosage). Patients with milder disease may be adequately treated with 20 mg/kg/day.
In patients with juvenile arthritis, doses above 50 mg/kg/day are not recommended because they have not been studied and doses exceeding the upper recommended dose of 40 mg/kg/day may increase the risk of causing serious adverse events. The therapeutic response may require from a few days to several weeks to be achieved. Once a clinical effect is obtained, the dosage should be lowered to the smallest dose of ibuprofen oral suspension needed to maintain adequate control of symptoms.
Pediatric patients receiving doses above 30 mg/kg/day or if abnormal liver function tests have occurred with previous NSAID treatments should be carefully followed for signs and symptoms of early liver dysfunction.
Primary Dysmenorrhea: For the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, beginning with the earliest onset of such pain, ibuprofen oral suspension should be given in a dose of 400 mg every 4 hours, as necessary, for the relief of pain.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis: Suggested dosage: 1200 mg to 3200 mg daily (300 mg q.i.d. or 400 mg, 600 mg or 800 mg t.i.d. or q.i.d.). Individual patients may show a better response to 3200 mg daily, as compared with 2400 mg, although in well-controlled clinical trials patients on 3200 mg did not show a better mean response in terms of efficacy. Therefore, when treating patients with 3200 mg/day, the physician should observe sufficient increased clinical benefits to offset potential increased risk.
Individualization of Dosage: The dose of ibuprofen oral suspension should be tailored to each patient, and may be lowered or raised from the suggested doses depending on the severity of symptoms either at time of initiating drug therapy or as the patient responds or fails to respond.
One fever study showed that, after the initial dose of ibuprofen oral suspension, subsequent doses may be lowered and still provide adequate fever control.
In a situation when low fever would require the ibuprofen oral suspension 5 mg/kg dose in a child with pain, the dose that will effectively treat the predominant symptom should be chosen.
In chronic conditions, a therapeutic response to ibuprofen oral suspension therapy is sometimes seen in a few days to a week, but most often is observed by two weeks. After a satisfactory response has been achieved, the patient's dose should be reviewed and adjusted as required.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis seem to require higher doses than do patients with osteoarthritis. The smallest dose of ibuprofen oral suspension that yields acceptable control should be employed.
Ibuprofen oral suspension may be used in combination with gold salts and/or corticosteroids.
Ibuprofen oral suspension USP, 100 mg/5 mL is light orange to orange colored, berry flavored suspension.
Bottles of 4 fl oz (120 mL) NDC 59651-032-12
Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 59651-032-47
Shake well before using. Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Dispense in a well-closed container as defined in the USP.
Dispense with Medication Guide available at: www.aurobindousa.com/medication-guides
Medication Guide for
What is the most important information I should know about medicines called Nonsteroidal Anti- inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Taking NSAIDs at about 20 weeks of pregnancy or later may harm your unborn baby. If you need to take NSAIDs for more than 2 days when you are between 20 and 30 weeks of pregnancy, your healthcare provider may need to monitor the amount of fluid in your womb around your baby. You should not take NSAIDs after about 30 weeks of pregnancy.
Other side effects of NSAIDs include: stomach pain, constipation, diarrhea, gas, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.
swelling of the arms, legs, hands and feet
For more information, call Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. at 1-866-850-2876.
PACKAGE LABEL-PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 100 mg/5 mL - 4 FL OZ (120 mL) Bottle
Oral Suspension USP
100 mg/5 mL
PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying
Medication Guide to each patient.
4 FL OZ (120 mL)
AUROBINDO
PACKAGE LABEL-PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL -100 mg/5 mL - 4 FL OZ (120 mL) Carton Label
Dosage Cup
IBUPROFEN (UNII: WK2XYI10QM) (IBUPROFEN - UNII:WK2XYI10QM) IBUPROFEN 100 mg in 5 mL
ACESULFAME POTASSIUM (UNII: 23OV73Q5G9)
ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID (UNII: XF417D3PSL)
D&C YELLOW NO. 10 (UNII: 35SW5USQ3G)
GLYCERIN (UNII: PDC6A3C0OX)
HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (4000 MPA.S) (UNII: 39J80LT57T)
STARCH, POTATO (UNII: 8I089SAH3T)
WATER (UNII: 059QF0KO0R)
Color ORANGE (Light orange to orange) Score
Flavor BERRY Imprint Code
NDC:59651-032-12 1 in 1 CARTON 02/16/2018
120 mL in 1 BOTTLE; Type 1: Convenience Kit of Co-Package
Labeler - Aurobindo Pharma Limited (650082092)
Aurobindo Pharma Limited 918917642 ANALYSIS(59651-032) , MANUFACTURE(59651-032)
IBUPROFEN- ibuprofen oral suspension
1 197803 ibuprofen 100 MG in 5 mL Oral Suspension PSN
2 197803 ibuprofen 20 MG/ML Oral Suspension SCD
3 197803 ibuprofen 100 MG per 5 ML Oral Suspension SY
4 197803 ibuprofen 200 MG per 10 ML Oral Suspension SY
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/labelrss.cfm?setid=758eeb45-e599-4c1a-969d-8fa33f27bf14

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Cranberry Study Shows Flaws in Research
Written by Brian Krans on June 20, 2016
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in women and children.
Painful and avoidable, they also require antibiotics, which doesn't necessarily prevent further infections.
The unnecessary use of antibiotics has led to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria, a major problem globally.
Could cranberry juice, a commonly believed aid in UTIs, actually help reduce the use of antibiotics?
Ocean Spray, the largest cranberry producer in the world, would like you to think so.
The health benefits of cranberry juice are, after all, a large focus of their marketing strategy.
Last week, Ocean Spray released the results of a study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, which suggests drinking an 8-ounce glass of cranberry juice every day could help reduce the likelihood of a UTI by 40 percent, at least in women over 40 who frequently have the infection.
Calling the "landmark" study the largest clinical trial of its kind, the press release states cranberry juice "may be a useful strategy to decrease worldwide use of antibiotics" by preventing the need for the drugs.
So how do their claims match up to the evidence?
"That's a bit of a stretch," Dr. Aaron Glatt, chair of the Department of Medicine and Hospital Epidemiologist at South Nassau Communities Hospital in New York, told Healthline. "The landmark isn't a landmark."
Read more: Why is nutrition advice so confusing? »
The official results
For the study, women with a median age of 40 were assigned to two groups. One group drank 8 ounces of an Ocean Spray cranberry cocktail per day, which contained 27 percent actual cranberry juice. The group other received a placebo.
Ocean Spray financially supported the study, including providing the cranberry cocktail. Two of its employees, Kerrie L. Kaspar and Christina Khoo, head of research sciences, were involved in all aspects of the research.
Ocean Spray representatives said the study was conducted by an independent research company, registered with clinicaltrials.gov, and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The research also followed necessary protocols, including board and ethics committee approval.
Kalpana Gupta, an associate professor of infectious diseases at Boston University, was the only researcher on the study who reported no conflicts of interest. She's also been researching infectious disease for 20 years, including studying cranberries for the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
She called the study "beautifully done" because of its size, compliance to treatment, and follow-up.
There were 373 women in the final study. All had experienced a recent UTI.
During the study period, researchers diagnosed 39 UTIs in people who drank cranberry juice. In the placebo group, there were 67 UTIs.
Overall, researchers concluded, there was a 40 percent reduction in UTI symptoms in women who drank the cranberry cocktail.
Read more: What should be considered 'healthy' on food labels? »
Taking a closer look
There are, however, points of concern.
The study examined a woman's symptoms, not laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections.
Secondly, they counted all of the UTIs among the subjects and piled them together, not addressing the individual infection rates.
Gupta said symptoms were measured because that's what's used in the clinical setting.
"Symptoms of a UTI are why people go see their doctors," she told Healthline. "These women with recurring UTIs will do anything to prevent them."
Despite this and Ocean Spray's involvement, Gupta says she's confident in the findings and that they're in line with other research.
While Gupta says she wasn't paid for her role in the study, she now speaks on the issue and Ocean Spray compensates her for her travel expenses.
In 2012, Gupta co-authored research in the journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings that found cranberry juice didn't significantly reduce UTIs risk in women. Ocean Spray didn't fund that research.
When it comes to studying UTI risk, Glatt says other factors could have been at play and should have been controlled for, such as a woman's sexual activity and contraception use, which can increase her likelihood of a UTI.
"These are well-known factors that need to be controlled for," Glatt said.
Some research has shown that cranberries possess molecules that can interfere with how bacteria affix themselves inside the urinary tract. Those results, however, are at the type of concentrations for cranberries typically found in concentrated pills. Even then research on cranberry's protective effects is limited.
"The amount you would have to drink is much, much larger" than what subjects drank in the current study, Glatt said.
Read more: Reducing sugar in sodas would greatly reduce obesity and diabetes »
Drinking more cranberry cocktail could come with some unintended consequences.
Ocean Spray's Cranberry Juice Cocktail contains 28 grams of sugar per 8-ounce serving, which is higher than some sodas. That's 7 teaspoons of sugar, one more than the daily recommended maximum for women.
While she didn't say what Ocean Spray product was tested, Gupta did say it was a low-calorie version.
"We use something people can go out and get," she said. "It empowers many people to go out and get it."
But, at least according to a urologist at Texas A&M University, it may not do any real good.
"Cranberry juice, especially the juice concentrates you find at the grocery store, will not treat a UTI or bladder infection," Dr. Timothy Boone, Ph.D., told the school's Vital Record in February. "It can offer more hydration and possibly wash bacteria from your body more effectively, but the active ingredient in cranberry is long gone by the time it reaches your bladder."
A study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases in 2011 tested ingesting 16 ounces of 27 percent cranberry juice per day. The study was based on results collected from 319 college women with UTI symptoms. Researchers concluded that overall the juice didn't help protect a second infection within six months.
Read more: Why Coca Cola's obesity research funding crossed the line »
Where research is published matters
Another of Glatt's concerns is where the recent Ocean Spray study was published.
He points out it was in a nutrition journal, not one focusing on infectious diseases.
"They had plenty of time to submit it to other journals," he said.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (AJCN) has a history of publishing industry-funded research. Its board's conflict-of-interest disclosures are numerous. While none disclose ties to Ocean Spray, they do extend to other major sugary drink manufacturers, including Ocean Spray's distributor, Pepsi Co.
Michele Simon, who writes at EatDrinkPolitics.com, has been critical of the American Society of Nutrition, the publisher of the AJCN, because of its close affiliation with major food manufacturers.
"I would just say it's part of an industry pattern of funding research that — surprise! — benefits their bottom line," Simon commented to Healthline about the Ocean Spray study.
Khoo, however, says Ocean Spray has always upheld the highest standards in its research.
"As the cranberry experts, we provided information on the cranberry components in the products and information regarding the most recent research on the mechanism of action of these cranberry components," she told Healthline. "We were not involved in the execution of this trial and had no contact with the clinics running the trial. We were not involved in the collection, or statistical analysis of the data and the preparation of the results of this study."
Dr. Dennis M Bier, editor-in-chief of the AJCN, did not respond to a request for comment.
One study published in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases, compared drinking up to 10 ounces of Ocean Spray's Cranberry Classic per day with drinking the same amout of a placebo. Of the 255 children who completed the trial — all who'd recently experienced a UTI — 16 percent had another UTI within a year, compared with 22 percent who received the placebo.
While a small improvement, the hardest part, researchers noted, was getting the kids to drink the juice, a common complaint of people in cranberry juice studies.
Research conducted by Ocean Spray researchers, however, often deliver more conclusive results, such as the case with a study published in April 2015, which concluded cranberry concentrate or juices helps prevent bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract.
But a review of studies regarding cranberries and UTIs performed in 2012 found "Cranberry juice does not appear to have a significant benefit in preventing UTIs and may be unacceptable to consume in the long term."
So how can the same evidence lead to conflicting advice?
That was the question an Ocean Spray-funded review asked in May in the journal Advances in Nutrition, another publication of the American Society for Nutrition. Overall, they found good reason for more research into cranberries as a preventative measure against recurring UTIs in women.
Read more: Sugar industry influenced research on tooth decay »
Industry-funded favorable outcomes
Industry funded research is common in our food chain. Sometimes the results of this research are overstated to the consumer, especially when it comes to sugary drinks.
Last month, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case of Pom Wonderful. The Federal Trade Commission had chastised the company for overstating health claims in advertisements.
In 2009, Pom unsuccessfully sued Ocean Spray for making a cranberry-pomegranate drink that only contained 2 percent pomegranate juice and that piggybacked off Pom's success.
These cases, however, call into question the validity of research as well as the health claims associated with them. Still, many believe there could be good reason to suggest cranberries could have legitimate health benefits related to UTIs.
Amesh A. Adalja, an infectious disease physician at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, says he doesn't automatically discount industry-funded research, but it is something to keep in mind when evaluating studies.
As to the effectiveness of cranberry juice for UTI treatments, he says no studies have "really provided consistent or impressive results."
"Because cranberry juice is a cheap and easy intervention, it isn't something I discourage people from drinking if they are prone to UTIs," Adalja told Healthline. "This study provides more evidence that there may be an effect present. However, future studies looking at, for example, biomarkers in the urine of cranberry juice drinking women would be useful in fully determining if a causal effect from cranberry juice is actually present."
A survey of Healthline readers revealed that a majority of people seem to believe cranberry juice can help with a urinary tract infection.
About 60 percent who answered the unscientific online poll the past few days said they have had a UTI in the past. Half said their doctor had recommended drinking cranberry juice to treat or prevent the infection.
About 72 percent said they have used cranberry juice to help with a UTI. Of the women who answered, 75 percent said they had used cranberry juice. Of the men, nearly 60 percent said they had.
About 68 percent said they believed cranberry juice can treat or prevent UTIs. Of the women who answered, 72 said they believed the juice can help. About 54 percent of men said they did.
In all, 600 Healthline readers responded to the survey.
Orthorexia: When Healthy Eating Becomes a Disorder
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6 Common Types of Eating Disorders (and Their Symptoms)
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The 15 Best Health Podcasts
Written by Alina Petre, MS, RD (CA)
Orthorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves an obsession with healthy eating.
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Written by Hrefna Palsdottir, MS
Fractionated coconut oil is different from regular coconut oil, and it has several health benefits and uses. This article provides a detailed review…
Medically reviewed by Daniel Bubnis, MS, NASM-CPT, NASE Level II-CSS
If you're looking for entertaining, interesting podcasts on health, nutrition, fitness, and well-being, here are 15 series to listen to.
8 Natural Remedies to Fight Kidney Stones at Home
Kidney stones are a common and painful health problem. However, these 8 dietary strategies can help make sure you don't get another one.
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Essential oils are claimed to offer many health benefits. This article explains everything you need to know about essential oils and their health…
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Art, commentary, and lore from a transformative era in the indispensable role-playing franchise, collected in a beautifully printed 300-plus-page hardcover. Foray into one of gaming's most iconic properties, exploring beautiful art and incisive commentary behind five of the most memorable entries in the Final Fantasy saga.
Final Fantasy Ultimania Archive Volume 3 authentically translates original Japanese source material to present unparalleled access for a Western audience. This incredible tome is a must-have addition to any Final Fantasy enthusiast's collection.


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Adrien Brody cast as The Courier for Arclight Films
Gary Hamilton's ambitious Arclight Films has announced Adrien Brody as the lead in thriller The Courier based on a script by red hot writers Michael Brandt and Derek Haas.
Arclight sales chief Pascal Borno will commence worldwide sales at AFM next week on the story of a daredevil carrier who is pursued by corrupt police and feuding crime lords as he tries to deliver a briefcase to an elusive underworld figure.
Principal photography is scheduled to commence in locations in Louisiana and Las Vegas in January 2009. Russell Mulcahy will direct and Hamilton is producing with Dan Grodnick, Tucker Tooley, Vincent Newman and Arclight's new head of production Mike Gabrawy. Brody serves as executive producer with Cary Brokaw and Al Munteanu.
'The script trail blazes a chase across country in pursuit of the most wanted man in the land, and it has all the twists and turns that you would expect from this writing team,' Hamilton said.
'It's the ideal character for Adrien Brody, who we believe is one of the foremost movie actors in the business and a huge attraction for audiences everywhere.'
Brody recently starred in Rian Johnson's caper The Brothers Bloom and The Darjeeling Limited and he won the Oscar in 2003 for Roman Polanski's The Pianist.
Brandt and Haas previously collaborated on the summer hit Wanted, as well as 3.10 To Yuma and 2 Fast 2 Furious.


text:
Argyrotaenia juglandana is een vlinder uit de familie van de bladrollers (Tortricidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1879 door Fernald.

juglandana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
De Grand Prix-wegrace van Valencia 2007 was de achttiende en laatste race van het wereldkampioenschap wegrace-seizoen 2007. De race werd verreden op 4 november 2007 op het Circuit Ricardo Tormo Valencia nabij Cheste, Spanje.

Met een tweede plaats in de race werd Gábor Talmácsi gekroond tot 125 cc-kampioen, hoewel zijn concurrent Héctor Faubel de race won.

Uitslag

MotoGP
Valentino Rossi reed de race, hoewel hij zijn hand blesseerde tijdens de kwalificatie.

250 cc

125 cc

Eindstand na wedstrijd

MotoGP

250 cc

125 cc

2007
Valencia


text:
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It's been a while since I had the opportunity, or the inclination, to put together a combo pack of wines. Whilst I have been tasting some excellent wine the last few weeks it was not until today that the chance to pair and try two very different, yet both very delicious wines, came up.
Earlier this morning I had my taste buds excited by a range of wines from Oregon. As many of my readers know, if you are going to buy Pinot Noir from the West Coast you really need to delve into the wines of this State. This is where Pinot likes to grow, and wine-makers who are passionate about making great wine grow the best Pinot Noir in Oregon. The first flight of wines were from the J.K. Carrier vineyard. This winery, started in the late 90's is owned by Jim Prosser. A lifelong wine-man, he apprenticed in Oregon and with Roumier in Burgundy and finally decided to put his own initials on a wine label. He is a true believer in allowing acid and fruit to co-exist for pure pleasure; and his pinots deliver, every last little drop. We began with his entry level pinot – the Provocateur. This is the blend of juices left from barrel sampling his 5 sourced (and estate) vineyards. It's an easy drinking table wine, slightly expensive but every bit as good, if not better, than many entry level Burgundy pinots. His first run, blended pinot is Vespidae – sourced from all his vineyards and left to mature in barrel for 18 months, undisturbed, like a baby in swaddling cloth. His three single estates are Antoinette, Anderson and Shea Vineyards. I have written short tasting notes below.
The story continues with a tasting about 4 hours later, of wines from the Harper Voit Vineyards. Drew Voit, the wine maker popped in to taste me on his line-up of 4 pinots. I mentioned that J.K. had been in just a few hours earlier but he wasn't fazed! Nor should he have been. What a great way to taste the differences between two of the most accomplished wine-makers of pinot noir in Oregon. The wines spanked. Very different in taste and substance but both sets of wines equally delicious. If I could just win the lottery, I would be a very happy drunk – table wine at my house would be J.K whilst waiting for Chef to prepare dinner and by second course, Voit Pinot Noirs to finish. With a full staff to clean up and wash up I would sit back in my leather armchair and contemplate a world without pinot. Yuk!
Aged in barrel for 18 months – allows the wine to become mellow. Flavors of Turkish Delight, pomegranate and bright cherry. Very fragrant, very supple. Low alcohol, deference to a Volnay style. Sweet, feminine and delicious.
From possibly the greatest pinot noir vineyard in Oregon. This is the bass player to the Carriere Quartet. Ripe, rich pop in your mouth chocolate covered cherries. Fuller body, meaty but not gamey. Think standing rib roast drippings!
Wonderfully aromatic aroma – honeysuckle, rose petal orange skin. Ultra-smooth high octane red berried juice. The saxophone player in the Quartet. Spunky, with a touch more acidity than the Shea. Bright fruit, elegance, dreaminess.
The brightest of the four. Definitely the singer – Ella meets Whitney Houston. Even more aromatic than the Anderson. Bright red cherry, red currant, pomegranate. And all baked together to make the best pie your mother ever made.
Notice the difference between these two wine-makers. J.K's wines are a little leaner, allowing the fruit to resonate, Voit's wines are more akin to a late night Blues concert. The Strandline leans on sweet fruit, black currant and berries. Touch of baking spice and cookie dough.
Soft beckoning cherries. Very elegant, velvety texture. More feminine in pose. Some earthy grip on the palate combined with more black cherry, cedar and nougat.
Most savory of all the pinots. Great aromas of slow-cooked duck and bacon fat. Fennel, cedar and anise shine. Great length on the palate and a warm, subtle finish. Reminiscent of a great Vosne Romanee. Delcious.
Oregon pinots are not inexpensive. The cheap ones tend to be disgusting, so a complete waste of money. These wines will offer a great tasting platform – either in pairs over a romantic dinner or as flights with friends and family. Either way, I really want customers to enjoy the subtleties and nuances of each wine, hence the combo box offering.
One bottle of each wine, 7 in total, for a half a baker's dozen! In other words, take all seven, the Vespidae is FREE and you pay only $422 in total. Being that Jim Prosser makes less than 100 cases of each of his single vineyard estates, the offer is limited by what my distributors can allocate to me. But for someone looking to put wine into their cellar either for immediate drinking, or to taste over the next decade, there are not many pinots from Oregon that can beat this line-up.
A memorable day of tasting! Wines will be deliver here by Friday. Please order by 4.00pm tomorrow.