← Testing just gives him another reason to call himself a failure.
"You can lead a horse to water, but cannot make him drink." This old saying pretty much sums up the education profession. Teachers and other education professionals devote their lives to imparting knowledge to children day in and day out in the hopes of helping them learn about the world around them and how to make their way as productive members of society. However, not all children are the same and they do not learn in the same way or at the same rate. Educators "lead children to water" each and every day, but it is not up to us whether or not they will drink. Perhaps they aren't thirsty, perhaps they haven't developed an affinity for a certain type of water, or perhaps they haven't yet learned how to drink in the ways we are asking them to because they are not developmentally ready to do so; either way, we provide the water for when they ARE ready.
With the ever increasing emphasis on high stakes testing and usage of cookie-cutter curricula, we are expecting ALL children to drink the exact same water at the exact same time…and then punishing them when they will not or cannot. This isn't fair on any level. It sends a message to our children that they are consistently "not good enough", when the message should be "never stop learning". It sends a message to educators that we are not valued. That we cannot be trusted to do our job. That we are inadequate. That we are doing our children a disservice, despite giving everything we have to give every single day…whether we are with the students or not. This attitude has permeated our society and is eating away at our profession like a cancer. It has turned our own nation against itself, as the message being spread is that we are "broken", despite the fact that those of us on the front lines continually push back against that idea because it simply isn't true! And we of all people would know! High stakes testing has done nothing more than tell an entire generation of children that they are failures; yet when they manage to rise to the occasion, under more stress and pressure than ever, are they rewarded for their efforts? NO! They are simply told that the proverbial "bar" has been raised again, so guess what? They still FAIL.
Once upon a time, teachers could utilize data from assessments they created to inform their teaching, create new lessons, go back and reteach skills that were missed or misunderstood, promote discussion, or even accelerate their teaching if appropriate. These days are long gone and have unfortunately given way to scripted curricula with strict pacing guides and meaningless tests that neither tie to said curricula or measure anything real. Life is not a series of multiple choice answers, and yet this is how we are forced to present the world to children in the "testing era". It's no wonder our young adults are not ready for the workforce…how can they be when they have never been taught to make decisions or solve problems for themselves? They've only been shown that someone will provide a set of answers for them from which they must choose the "right" one.
This entry was posted in End High Stakes Testing, Measuring Effective Teaching, Special Education, Standardized Testing and tagged 3rd Grade Retention Policy, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Bill Gates, Corporate Education Reform, Deaf, Deafness, End High Stakes Testing, Gates House of Cards, Gates House of Cards Action, High Stakes Testing, Special Education, The Bill and Melind, You can lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink. Bookmark the permalink.
21 Responses to Every single one of my students "failed" the state test this past school year, and only 1 student passed in the entire 3rd grade at my school. Does this mean my colleagues and I are poor teachers?
Thank you for enlightening me on the difficulties deaf children have learning to read and the inhumanity of the tests for them.
I hope you will send this on the the Senate's HELP committee.
As a "retired" (a teacher never retires) teach who taught in the 70's & early 80's when individualized curriculum was encouraged I heartily agree w/ the above teaching philosophy. Let's get back to teaching the student, not the class.
I started in 1972, so remember when "teaching to the test" were dirty words. Not now, it's survival for the teacher, children, and school.
"Teaching to the test" are still "dirty words", but now they are cloaked in language stolen from educators by the corporate reformers.
Thank you for re-blogging this amazing letter by Michelle Cosgrove!
This isn't about deaf children. It's about ALL children. It's about teaching through a child's strengths vs. their weaknesses. It's about stop labeling kids smart ( because we're all smart in our own way) and stop labeling them dumb (because even the smart kids are dumb in some ways). The problem with the United States is we as a nation don't value those little nuances that make people unique. We value Mensa smart over Creative smart, yet IBM insists that they need creative thinkers, people who take data and information and do something different with it. I think the gradual and complete annihilation of arts and music programs is really putting our children at an overall disadvantage in the global marketplace.
That ALL children are concerned, not just this-or-that subgroup, is a fundamental and sad truth that I myself wanted to point out.
However, I disagree somewhat with the details in this comment.
A less important point of (at least potentiell) disagreement is teaching creativity through arts and music: The type of creativity that is sought by an employer lies on a somewhat different dimension and can be legitimitately trained by other means, e.g. math and problem solving—likely better so than with music. To equal "creative arts" with "creativity" misses the point, seeing that the variations of the word have different meanings in different contexts.
Fantastic letter! This should be required reading for every administrator, superintendent, and so called "leader" in politics! Thank you Michelle.
We wholeheartedly agree. We feel very strongly that a class action lawsuit needs to be taken regarding high stakes testing for ALL children, and especially those with special needs, and our ELL/ESL students. The high stakes have to stop. So does all the test prep and the overemphasis on testing period.
You are obviously a very smart , dedicated, caring teacher…I agree…the testing garbage has to go!! Every student is unique, with their own talents and weaknesses….as is everyone in this world…I am betting all of those so-called "leaders in politics" couldn't pass those required tests if their lives depended on it!!
We ought to require all lawmakers to take the current exams and publish the results, no? Then we can begin the consequences… fair is fair, right?
Thanks for speaking out about this kind of discrimination.
I think every teacher's master's degree program has to include a class on assessment. We take the class, learn about validity and reliability, yet encounter tests that are not valid in our teaching. For your students, Michelle, the test being given is not valid.
I'm a special ed. teacher, currently of hearing students, and for those whose skills are two or more years below grade level, the state test we use is not valid. The alternative assessment is for students with cognitive disabilities, and is not a good measure for kids with learning disabilities.
I celebrate the success of my students who are within a year of grade level and can pass our state tests, but I cringe at giving the test to those who just aren't ready to take it.
Tim, we need parents to begin a class action lawsuit. This is inhumane and needs to be stopped. I too am a Special Education teacher. Parents, if you have children with special needs, please find one another and begin to act together. Teachers will stand with you!
I have never seen a real quantitative collection of evidence in student growth by the state or federal government. Everything I see is percent passing state test or ap test. Neither is a direct result of a specific teacher or the education system as a whole.
The kids drink the water we give them. All of them improve over the coarse of a year. The quantity of improvement is very difficult to quantify. Grades don't effectively measure improvement. Standards based grading might be better, but doesn't either (at least the methods I have seen) because of the style that the standard based questioning are typically written.
All the results of high stakes testing are based on "junk science". The evidence is there, but the lawmakers and corporate reformers are not held accountable by data. We need to stop that nonsense and begin to hold them accountable.
Another special Ed teacher here….I had to give the third grade state test to a child who had been abused and took forever to learn at a first grade level because he would have a meltdown or run away whenever he made a mistake. He equated making mistakes to being in trouble, and being in trouble with being burnt with cigarettes. He was just starting to see himself as a reader and chose books to read for the first time, until a month later I had to give him the state reading test at the third grade level. He couldn't read it, of course, but was in my room all day, agonizing over each passage and question, crying and self-injuring, because he believed that he had to finish the test or he would be in trouble. Yep, that's what we're doing to help our most vulnerable kids.
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I recently attended a training in which the leader, very informed and innovative, explained that all children except for "Learning Impaired" are expected to do well on the tests because all the other needs are able to be improved and brought to grade level with interventions. On the surface that is true, however It's just not that simple. It doesn't happen overnight.


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For many years Greeks and Cypriots have lived both in the homeland and overseas. I am one of those Greek Cypriots that have traveled to many places in the world. My family history led me to develop this website and find a way to unite and communicate with family friends. Our family has been displaced more than once and during all the moves to other countries have lost touch with family friends. We have also had to make friends again. As we all know when we move to a new country and as you get older the harder it is to make friends. Now I came up with this website to assist those that have also moved and left friends and family behind to make the transition into a new country a lot easier. Ellines United was established in 2008. We have gone through a major revamp of the website to make it easier to navigate and find information. Our dream is that this new website will appeal to more people and the website will take off.
In this website you will find a large range of information regarding Greece and Cyprus. We are also introducing an all Greek Dating website, Travel information, shopping online, and as Elline's get more and more involved in the website we will start adding meeting places for Elline's and find out where the local Elline's hang outs are.
My dream for this website is to make this website the biggest online community of all Elline's around the world, bring OUR COMMUNITY closer together. The eventual goal is to give our members the ability to communicate with Elline's in there travel destinations and to organize meeting and the ability to hang out with our own. Not only would the traveler have the ability to arrange meetings but as we grow we would want to give the traveler the ability to find a Greek place to have diner and to support the local communities.
One of the other problems the youth of today face is not knowing about there religion, or family history. We know people that are of Greek heritage but do not know where they come from.


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For those seeking an independent foreign policy, the time is now, says the organiser of a New Zealand independence movement in the wake of a "crumbling" United States empire.
Murray Horton, national coordinator for the Campaign Against Foreign Control of Aotearoa (CAFCA), a Christchurch-based organisation which has been "flying the flag for an independent New Zealand" since the 1970s, told a public seminar at Auckland University of Technology last week that the US had reached its "tipping point".
Horton highlighted how famous slogans such as 'Make America Great Again', repeated ad nauseam by a "Mussolini with hair" — President Donald Trump — provided the ideal opportunity for New Zealand to launch its own independent, non-aligned foreign policy.
"CAFCA thinks that gaining true independence from the American empire and becoming non-aligned is an idea whose time has well and truly come," Horton said at the AUT Pacific Media Centre-hosted seminar.
Greater evidence still was the fact the Christchurch Press, which once "faithfully parroted the US and UK propaganda line" when owned by Rupert Murdoch, had urged in an editorial that ties with the US should be on New Zealand's terms.
Horton noted this was "really quite extraordinary".
Further evidence of America's undoing was China's steady rise as an economic and military power and the fact that the US had been "reduced to one player among many" in the Middle East, especially in Syria, said Horton.
More importantly, however, Horton stressed it was time for New Zealand to grow up.
But there is some light at the end of the tunnel, Horton noted.
This was because New Zealand had taken steps towards an independent foreign policy regarding its nuclear free stance and presence of non-combat troops in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Horton said being nuclear free is "something to be really proud of".
However, these foreign policy advancements were the exception and not the rule, Horton added.
This comes down to the fact New Zealand's military continued to be "guns for fire" in other people's wars and its ongoing participation in the "Five Eyes" intelligence network.
Such "loyal" participation had seen New Zealand's military role in Afghanistan under the spotlight in Nicky Hager and Jon Stephenson's book Hit & Run, Horton said.
But what would an independent, non-aligned foreign policy look like?
Horton seemed to leave no stone unturned as he explained what it should look like.
"An independent foreign policy means not being part of anyone's empire, but standing on our own two feet and picking and choosing our friends and allies based on what is in our national interest and in the public interest," explained Horton.
Although this would not mean New Zealand would be neutral or isolationist, Horton stressed.
This would mean cutting the strings that continue to bind us to the American Empire, namely closing the Government Communication Security Bureau's (GCSB) "US National Security Agency (NSA) bases" and abolishing the GCSB itself, "which is simply a junior contractor for the US NSA", Horton said.
New Zealand's current foreign policy mindset means that the country was missing the boat on addressing key global challenges such as climate change, Horton said.
Horton added New Zealand needed to be "much more activist" regionally in order to do so.
"As a first world capitalist economy we're part of the climate change problem that threatens the whole world and nowhere more imminent than for our tiny Pacific neighbours.
Horton said New Zealand would achieve all of these aims and an independent foreign policy through the Aotearoa Independence Movement, a campaign which will initiate and drive nationwide dialogue on what independent economic, military and political policy should look like.
Kendall Hutt is the Pacific Media Centre's Pacific Media Watch freedom project editor for 2017.


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Покинянка () — деревня в Бяльском повяте Люблинского воеводства Польши. Входит в состав гмины Рокитно. По данным переписи 2011 года, в деревне проживало 80 человек.

География
Деревня расположена на востоке Польши, к северу от реки Кшны, на расстоянии приблизительно 16 километров северо-востоку от города Бяла-Подляска, административного центра повята. К северу от населённого пункта проходит региональная автодорога .

История
В конце XVIII века деревня входила в состав Брестского повета Великого княжества Литовского. По данным на 1827 год имелось 5 дворов и проживало 16 человек. Согласно «Справочной книжке Седлецкой губернии на 1875 год» деревня являлась частью гмины Рокитно Константиновского уезда Седлецкой губернии. В период с 1975 по 1998 годы Покинянка входила в состав Бяльскоподляского воеводства.

Население
Демографическая структура по состоянию на 31 марта 2011 года:

Примечания

Населённые пункты Бяльского повета

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Salehi (L) and an image of the Arak reactor within the background: Nuclear actions on the heavy water reactor in Arak proceed.
In January 2016, a number of different studies of the removing of the core of the reactor and filling it in with cement have been additionally revealed. A few of these have since been denied, and the difficulty continues to arouse dispute inside Iran among the many supporters and the opponents of the nuclear settlement.
Throughout an interview (on January 22, 2019) on the Face to Face program5 (Channel four, TV-IRIB) that was a part of commemorations of the 40th anniversary of the Revolution, Salehi criticized claims by the conservative camp that Iran had utterly sealed the core of the reactor. He claimed that photographs revealed on the time have been photo-shopped, and Iran was by no means required (within the settlement) to seal the core of the reactor with cement. As an alternative, this utilized to different elements of it. He added that development on the heavy water reactor in Arak was not accomplished in the course of the time of the debates on the nuclear deal. Salehi emphasised all through the interview, which mentioned the achievements of the Iranian nuclear deal, its progress additionally in the course of the implementation of the nuclear settlement.
In the course of the interview, Salehi was requested what the benefits have been of Iran remaining within the nuclear settlement. He replied that through the negotiations for the nuclear deal, he introduced Iran's state of affairs to Iran's management (together with Supreme Chief Ali Khamenei). He described the halting of its tanker fleet, the drop in oil exports to under a million barrels a day, and the way he had gone from one nation to a different in an try and bypass the sanctions in numerous alternative ways as a way to acquire dollars. Salehi burdened that now, after signing the settlement, Iran was not introduced with the identical robust issues that it confronted previous to the signing of the settlement, and its worldwide standing has improved no finish additionally on the Safety Council, regardless of the efforts of the USA. On the similar time, Salehi said, he was not very optimistic about something related to the skills of Europe to help Iran. Nevertheless, studying between the strains, he and the Iranian authorities will not be , at the least not at this stage, in giving up on the try and harness the Europeans or to withdraw from the nuclear settlement.
Salehi's phrases comply with his assertion on January 15, 2019, that Iran is able to growing its proportion of uranium enrichment to 20 % inside three or 4 days.10 Salehi stated in November 2018 that Iran had not taken this step till this level, as there was no want, and that it had sufficient enriched uranium to satisfy its want for the subsequent few years.
The statements of Salehi and different senior Iranian officers relating to the nuclear program are supposed to improve Iranian strain on the European nations and attest to rising Iranian disappointment with Europe's incapability to take an unbiased place. Iran expects Europe to face by its dedication to information the Particular Objective Car (SPV), a monetary mechanism to get round sanctions that might have offered Iran with entry to the worldwide banking system whereas bypassing america. Nevertheless, within the meantime, rigidity is particularly rising between Iran and Europe across the discovery of Iran's involvement in terrorism on European soil and launching ballistic missiles and satellites into area.
This rigidity was expressed on January Eight, 2019, throughout a tense assembly on the Iranian overseas ministry between representatives of France, the UK, Germany, Denmark, Holland, and Belgium. Through the assembly, the European diplomats tried to protest Iran's terrorist actions on European soil and ballistic missile testing. Nevertheless, Iranian overseas ministry employees instantly deserted the assembly, slammed the door, and left the Europeans behind in shock.
This undiplomatic gesture and the implication of renewed Iranian nuclear exercise (together with the trace that Iran might finally give up the nuclear settlement) are supposed to categorical the protest of the Iranian authorities and its ongoing disappointment at Europe's cumbersome implementation of assurances it gave Iran. These actions additionally function a device within the authorities's wrestle towards the rising voices within the conservative camp to withdraw from nuclear treaty.
On the similar time, in response to the hardening of European coverage towards Iran and incapability of Europe to "ship the products," conservative parts in Iran proceed to criticize the federal government for not quitting the nuclear deal but. For instance, on January 17, 2019, Ahmad Jannati, the top of the Meeting of Specialists (the physique that selects the Supreme Chief and supervises his actions) quoted throughout a gathering with the Meeting the Supreme Chief's assertion made in 2016 that if the U.S. president rips up the settlement, Iran will set the settlement on hearth. He requested why the federal government didn't comply with in that path. "There are authorities officers who consider that after america give up the nuclear settlement they will depend on Europe, however Europe is sluggish and dragging its ft and does nothing for us." Jannati stated that the Iranian individuals are able to make the sacrifice if Iran quits the nuclear settlement and incurs harder sanctions. He additionally referred to as on the federal government to extend its help to the Iranian individuals.
Khamenei himself later defined why he didn't burn the nuclear deal as he had promised (in 2016) and stated that so long as it serves Iranian pursuits, Iran wouldn't withdraw from it, but when the settlement not served Iranian pursuits he would know the right way to burn it.
In the meantime, President Rouhani and his authorities are nonetheless making an attempt to save lots of the nuclear settlement and are conducting a battle towards the mounting conservative voices to withdraw from it. The mounting tensions in relations with Europe make this battle harder daily.
For now, Khamenei continues to take a seat on the fence and permits each side to current their claims to him. It seems he leans extra towards the conservative camp and continues to organize Iranian public opinion for additional sacrifice, particularly on the eve of commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Islamic Revolution subsequent month. The sacrifice might entail further sanctions coming from Europe as nicely, past the lengthy chain of sanctions that accompanied the Islamic revolution till now and truly contributed to its success.
Iran's destructive actions in "the recent spots" of the conflicts within the Center East – Iraq, Yemen, Syria, and Lebanon – the just lately uncovered actions in Europe, and the newest ballistic missile checks make it troublesome for the Europeans, who nonetheless help the nuclear settlement, to proceed "enterprise as typical" with Tehran. This finds expression within the altering tone towards Iran and the political actions towards Iran (akin to sanctions towards the Ministry of Intelligence) within the spirit of President Trump's coverage that requires isolating Iran with disabling sanctions. These subjects will in all probability be mentioned throughout subsequent month's international convention in Poland on Center East peace and stability (February 13-14, 2019). Iran is just not invited to the convention, which has brought on rigidity between Iran and Poland and the EU.


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'The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out Of Water' Trailer: Preview 2015's Goofiest Superhero Movie
By Angie Han/Oct. 31, 2014 9:30 am EST
Here's a superhero movie that's a little different from the rest: The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water, out next year, sees the underwater gang heading to our shores in search of more Krabby Patties. But when they cross paths with a pirate supervillain played by Antonio Banderas, they must turn themselves into superheroes to save their beloved Bikini Bottom.
It's exactly as bonkers as it sounds, but that's the fun. Watch the new SpongeBob Movie Sponge Out of Water trailer after the jump.
[via THR]
There's no question The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water is aimed at kids, but it's not so dumb adults will be turned off. (More likely it'll be the manic energy and eye-searing colors that'll repel them instead.) There are some really good jokes here — like the instant apocalypse sight gag followed by the dire warning, "Welcome to the apocalypse. I hope you like leather."
Speaking way back in July, voice actor Tom Kenney told press:
There is a live-action climax, but it's still rated G. It's a big, bombastic superhero tweak, where we tweak these big end-of-the-world movies, the Superman and Avengers movie, where cities get leveled. ... This is extremely cartoony, the wacky version of that. We get to see a buffed-up, pumped-up SongeBob and his friends in superhero form, SpongeBob becomes The Invincibubble, who has these weird bubble powers.
Overall, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water just looks really, really weird. When the footage was shown at Comic-Con's Hall H this year, the reaction was a big fat WTF — and this from a crowd perfectly willing to buy into notions of superpowered vigilantes and alien man-wolf hybrids. But maybe a big fat dose of weird is exactly what we need to shake up the usual family film fare.
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water opens February 6, 2015. And with that, the word "sponge" has lost all meaning for me. Sponge. Sponge. Does the word look really strange to anyone else?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Inter-House competitions are highly competitive. There is great excitement throughout the year with pupils trying to win additional points for their House at every opportunity.
Last year, the trophy was won by DARRAGH.


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Too big to fail? Break up the banks
Avoid the economic downturn of 2008 by not letting banks be so large
Too big to fail? Break up the banks Avoid the economic downturn of 2008 by not letting banks be so large Check out this story on zanesvilletimesrecorder.com: http://ohne.ws/1VgWPyE
Ohio Published 4:42 p.m. ET Jan. 23, 2016
DarrellShahan
In 2008, misdeeds by Wall Street triggered a disastrous recession that resulted in stock market losses, loss of real estate values and high unemployment. More than 5 million homeowners lost their homes due to mortgage foreclosure. In October 2009, unemployment was 10 percent. Millions suffered emotional trauma and damage to their credit ratings.
What happened to the executives of the banks that caused the problems by their questionable activity? Only one employee of a major bank received a prison term. The trader had falsely inflated the value of a product he was selling.
It was different during the savings and loan crisis in the 1980s and 1990s, almost one-third of the 3,234 saving and loan associations failed. According to PBS, more than 1,000 bankers went to jail for illegal behavior.
An article in The Atlantic, "How Wall Street's Bankers Stayed Out of Jail," states "Since 2009, 49 financial institutions have paid various government entities and private plaintiffs nearly $190 billion in fines and settlements, according to an analysis by the investment bank Keefe, Bruyette & Woods." Surprisingly, the institutions willingly paid the government penalties without going to court. The typical government strategy was to present to the bank evidence of their possible criminal behavior. In return for sealing and non-disclosure of this information to the public, the banks agreed to a very substantial fine. Regretfully, the fine would be paid, not by the responsible officers or employees, but by the stockholders of the bank.
Sometimes these fines paid can be tax-deductible for the bank because they are considered a business expense. This tax deduction greatly reduces the impact of the fine. This arrangement conveniently provides minimal embarrassing publicity and no prison sentences for any bank executives. After paying the fines, it is business as usual for the banks.
The federal tactics probably result in larger collected fines for the treasury but no prison terms reduce the incentive for banks to change their behavior. Nothing changes behavior like a strong likelihood of prison time. The details of the transgressions are kept quiet, and the stockholders pay the fine. How could the treatment be more lenient for the irresponsible bank executives?
The public was told the federal government gave financial institutions a $700 billion dollar bailout during the 2008 financial crisis. Bloomberg Business states "Add up guarantees and lending limits, and the Fed had committed $7.77 trillion as of March 2009 to rescuing the financial system, more than half the value of everything produced in the U.S. that year."
Most observers agree the bank bailout was necessary because the banks are too big to fail. The economic disruption of major bank failures would be too great; therefore the banks know the government will bail them out. Since the recovery many banks have increased in size, making the next bailout even more perilous. Since bank officials no longer fear prison, the solution is obvious. Only Democratic Presidential Candidate Bernie Sanders is willing break up the banks.
Darrell Shahan is a Zanesville resident.
Read or Share this story: http://ohne.ws/1VgWPyE
Social factors can have negative impact on health


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Regional/International News
Sourced Information
The St Kitts Nevis Observer
Mayor to Help Dutch Teen Facing Deportation to DR
snr-editor
Mayor Femke Halsema will intervene on the behalf of Daniel Buter, a 19-year-old born in Amsterdam who is currently in custody in Rotterdam, facing deportation to the Dominican Republic.
She already contacted State Secretary Ankie Broekers-Knol of Justice in Security, who is in charge of Asylum. The mayor will also look into whether other Amsterdam residents are facing the same situation as Buter, she said to the city council on Thursday, Het Parool reports.
Buter was detained a few weeks ago, after he applied for a passport needed to register for his studies, only to find out that he does not have Dutch nationality even though he was born in Amsterdam. In February he will appear in court, where a judge will decide whether or not he will be deported to the Dominican Republic – his parents country of origin.
The young man was given a citizen service number, or BSN, when he was born. This number was recorded in the Dutch passports held by his parents, who abandoned him when he was three years old. He was raised by his grandmother in Amsterdam. His parents later renounced their passports, stripping Buter of his claim to Dutch citizenship.
"I read that report with horror", Halsema said, according to the newspaper. "I agree that Daniel does not belong in custody. He is an Amsterdam boy who should be studying now."
Halsema agreed with the city council's request to see if this happened to other people too. "The municipality must enforce the passport law, but I want to check whether there is also a duty to report to the [immigration and naturalization service] IND and whether this has happened before", the mayor said. "We have a duty of care to our residents if they get lost in procedures and rules, then we must offer them a helping hand."
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The booklet of a two-volume overview examine on "adjustment in Africa" by way of the realm financial institution in 1994 sparked significant controversies and re-ignited the controversy concerning the course of Africa s improvement. for many African students, who dwell in and research those economies, the realm financial institution stories have been yet one more significant disjuncture among fact and dogma.
This publication is a reaction to the necessity for severe appraisal of the structural adjustment software (SAP) as a improvement method. The failure of SAP, the simplistic prognosis and tendentious functionality evaluate of the 1994 record, and what appears a replaced African setting that's extra permissive of other viewpoints, has confident Africans to re-enter the talk. there's a transforming into demand "local possession" of adjustment and for Africans to imagine the major position in defining the continent s future.
approximately thirty experiences have been commissioned in the broader aim of Africa reclaiming the initiative and supplying a framework for pondering itself out of the present financial difficulty to research a few of the regulations less than SAP from the viewpoint of improvement, understood generally as regarding fiscal development, structural swap, and the removal of poverty. the result of the reviews have been offered at learn workshops in Abidjan in 1996. This publication contains chosen papers from the workshop on concerns, which were given little or no consciousness within the SAP framework and its evaluate reviews, or those who have generated the main controversy.
Because the e-book of the 1st variation in 1977, Africa has confirmed itself as a number one source for educating, company, and scholarship. This fourth variation has been thoroughly revised and specializes in the dynamism and variety of latest Africa. the amount emphasizes modern culture–civil and social concerns, artwork, faith, and the political scene–and offers an outline of vital subject matters that endure on Africa's position on this planet.
This e-book explores the procedures of migration and integration in the West African sub-region and finds subsisting provides and screw ups of the ECOWAS' motive of transmuting the sub-region right into a unmarried socio-economic (and political) entity.
African American Autobiographers; a Sourcebook.
However, the crux of the problem is that the counterfactual is not directly observable and has to be estimated. The before- after method is an inadequate estimator of this counterfactual because the situation prevailing before the program is not likely to be a good predictor of what would have happened in the absence of the program, given that nonSAP determinants can and do change from time to time. The second approach that is used mainly for cross-country comparisons is the "control-group" approach, and more recently, its variant, the "modified control-group" technique.
This observation still haunts the entire evaluation process and continues to raise questions about causality relationships between SAP measures and economic performance. From the foregoing, it is evident that issues of choice and definition of variables, base year period, and methods for quantification of results continue to bug the empirical evaluation process. Part of the controversy about the choice of variables relates to the debate about what should be the focus of SAP in the first instance.
The Bank unwittingly suggests that a sequencing process which runs from SAP to development should be pursued. In essence, it implies that development concerns should be postponed until SAP succeeds. 2 Set as an "alternative" to SAP, AAF-SAP was based on different philosophy of development and mode of analysis, as well as an entirely different perception of Africa' s priorities, problems and requirements. It sets the premise that Africa' s socio-economic problems are first and foremost rooted in its structural weaknesses, and therefore any meaningful analysis should start with a structural analysis of its political economy and causes of its underdevelopment.


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Floating Pipe 'Wilson' To Start Collecting Plastics In The Pacific Ocean
Oct 23, 2018 03:33pm GMT+0800
Colt Nava
A floating pipe called "Wilson" is slated to begin its mission to clean the Pacific Ocean from plastics. Last month, Ocean Cleanup Foundation launched the 2,000 foot-long floating pipe from San Francisco.
The apparatus will help get rid of plastics and other debris from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch located between San Francisco and Hawaii. The U-shaped pipe is reportedly more than twice the size of Texas.
"Wilson" has a net underneath it, which is three meters deep. It is designed to catch plastics that are floating under the water's surface. Thanks to an array of sensors on board the boom, a message will be sent to a central office when it has reached full capacity.
A boat will come by every couple months to haul the collection away. The plastics collected will be brought to shore and recycled into new products.
At present, the oceans of the world harbor around 150 million tonnes of plastic, with that number only set to grow in the next decade.
Ocean Cleanup founder and CEO 24-year-old Boyan Slat said:
"That plastic is still going to be there in one year. It's still going to be there in ten years … It's probably still going to be there in 100 years, so really only if we go out there and clean it up this amount of plastic is going to go down."
The Dutch environmental start-up conducted a final series of trials earlier this month to be sure if the apparatus will be properly deployed in the Pacific Ocean.
The company said in a statement:
"The coming months will give System 001 plenty of opportunities to prove itself, and we are hopeful that it will continue to pass the tests."
This new type of garbage disposal could have real impacts on climate change as well as the fishing industries and tourism, which are prominent in both San Francisco and Hawaii.
Related Topics:cleanenvironmentoceanrecycle
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The World Has A New Pollution Problem: Improperly-Disposed Face Masks!
McDonald's Australia Will Soon Use Wooden Utensils To Get Rid of Plastic For Good


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Predicting Kojima & Del Toro's Upcoming Game
- by Ninja Ross, 1 August 2015
Since Konami freaked out for whatever reason and fired Hideo Kojima, we have all been mourning the loss of the now cancelled "Silent Hills", a collaboration between Kojima and Guillermo Del Toro, one of the most talented director's around. But all is not lost, as del Toro has said in a recent interview that they plan to collaborate on a video game in the near future, they just don't yet know what it'll be.
Just because THEY don't know yet, doesn't mean we here at Trash Mutant don't know! So, I'm taking a stab at predicting what games they'll be working on and what exactly we are likely to see.
Kojima has plenty of experience when it comes to warfare in video games, thanks to the Metal Gear series, and it's perfectly possible that he's going to bring that experience to the next Call of Duty game. It's a franchise that could really use a bit of a shakeup.
With Kojima's taste in... Weirdness and del Toro's excellent sense of atmosphere, we're likely to get something that would feature a protagonist going through some real tough shit. Kojima is the guy who put bombs where there REALLLLY should not be bombs, in Metal Gear Solid: Ground Zeroes.
Call of Duty's main feature is its online modes; we all know what to expect from these, since pretty much every game is the same thing with a new gimmick (zombies, a dog, jet boots, etc). But these guys are going to bring in a gimmick that'll blow all of that out of the water.
Picture this: you're creeping around a map. You know there's a sniper hiding somewhere, but you can't tell if he's in the bush or pulling some bullshit move where he's managed to climb up onto some obscured ledge somewhere.
That asshole!
But oh wait! Time has run out for the sniper! The last bullet he killed you with was laced with a toxin that has slowly turned you into a psychic golden creature with eyeballs for ears and you can now see into the house of the person camping around the map trying to ruin the fun for everyone. They are wearing a greasy bathrobe and they haven't showered in weeks. You can read their saved games and completely wipe them. Ultimate Sniper Kill.
Asassin's Creed
Del Toro is pretty good with the historical stuff, especially WWII. He really made that war look like a place worth visiting! And Kojima knows his way around sci fi, which he has proven in both Metal Gear and Policenauts.
So, it would be pretty neat if del Toro handled the history setting, maybe putting it in WWII while Kojima handled the more futuristic aspect, right? You know what would be cooler? If it was the other way around!
Darylius is the big bad ultimate assassin in Ancient Rome. He takes down the nefarious Templars with his trusty crossbow, helping to make sure it's safe to walk the streets at night! But Darylius has a problem; he can't really speak. All he can do is mimic what everyone around him says in the form of a question.
"You'll never stop the Templars!"
"Stop the Templars?"
Which makes the little confessions of each main target kind of awkward and repetitive, which Assassin's Creed isn't really known for.
Actual leaked image. Click to enlarge.
Meanwhile, in the future! The world is over run by Kaiju! The Templars and Assassins have been forced to team up and use giant robot suits to take out the monsters using cool stealth kills. Finally, the futuristic aspect of Assassin's Creed is interesting! Guys in giant suits jumping from great heights into tiny carts of hay! Running silently along rooftops, taking down unsuspecting Kaiju!
It's just a normal day at the Konami office. People are going about their business, putting away papers and making presentations or whatever it is video game publishers do... But slowly things begin to change. It's almost impossible to notice anything at first. Damp patches that seem to come out of nowhere. Scraping noises in seemingly empty rooms. Corridors that weren't there before.
The Konami office begins to take the shape of Silent Hill's famous Alchemilla Hospital. As the Konami staff begin to freak out, a deafening air raid siren begins to sound, signalling the arrival of Solid Snake!
Here comes Solid Snake to save the day from the many MANY different monsters that have begun stalking the staff. Monsters that would make you weep with fear. Monsters with eyeballs everywhere! Monsters with monsters growing from them! All kinds of creepy creatures.
Good thing there's a hospital because Snake will fuck everybody up!
It's your job to control Snake as you navigate the hospital and lead everyone to safety. But things aren't that simple! Every time you kill a monster, you're forced to watch a long cut scene with an unbelievable amount of dialogue. This encourages you to keep to the shadows and only kill when you absolutely have to. But, the problem is, you can only complete the final level if you've seen every single cut scene, which means killing every single monster. Including many hidden ones!
In the end, you are betrayed by Konami's head honcho, who tried to kill Snake AND the remaining loyal staff using the ultimate space weapon: Aumaan. And then everyone dies, because this is the real world, man!!!
The Suffering
Let's get serious! One franchise that is MADE for these two is The Suffering. The series follows Torque, a death row inmate who finds himself haunted by horrifying, prison inspired monsters out to kill him,.But Torque isn't about to take that crap lying down!
It's an action horror game that managed to find a very nice balance between those two genres. It wasn't perfect and the sequel was even less perfect, but they were still excellent games.
This could be actually great in Kojima & del Toro's hands.
A big theme of the series was false memories, mental illness and anger issues. Both Kojima and del Toro have worked on these themes in the past and they can go nuts exploring them in The Suffering.
Kojma would bring some seriously mind bending story elements to the table, as well as some pretty unique and horrifying gameplay features. And del Toro is a master of creature design and direction, as evidenced in pretty much every movie he has ever made. And since the game's publisher Midway is no longer active, it's the perfect time to resurrect the franchise!
I have no doubt that Kojima and del Toro will be working on at least one of these franchises. While we will always wonder what could have happened with Silent Hills, these guys are probably going to make something awesome together no matter what. And it'll be seriously creepy.
What game would you like to see Hideo Kojima and Guillermo del Toro work on together? Let us know in the comments!
Tagged: video games.


You ready for a sweet session with Queenie + Wildblood on 1BTN? One with plenty of disco infused grooves to get you over those humps and heading towards the weekend? One filled with tracks from Paradise Express, Ruff Stuff, Planningtorock, Tom of Brooklyn, Crooked Man, Hifi Sean and more? Oh and some camp banter from the regal one and her consort? Then you know what to do. Tune in and keep it locked. As the young people would say. Queenie + Wildblood on 1BTN. If you like a lot of disco on your biscuit join our club.


An interior two-room jacuzzi suite. The living room has a large conference table, leather sofa and armchairs. This suite has a fully equipped kitchen. The bedroom has a double bed, TV, a safe. The living area can be a place for business meetings. Fully air-conditioning, within 2 phones. The bathroom has a corner bath within whirlpool (Jacuzzi), hair dryer, slippers, bathrobes, toiletries kit (shower gel, shampoo, conditioner, soap, toothbrushes and shaving kit). Suitable for 1 to 4 guests.
Rates per max 2 persons. Extra charge for 3-4 persons - 500 RUB/person. Breakfast included.
Offers a full Breakfast with hot dishes. Breakfast includes: cereal two kinds, meat broth, vegetable slicing, cold cuts, cheese, yogurty, cereals, muesli, different types of sausage, scrambled eggs, fried eggs, Apple pie, pancakes for tea, fruits, juices, good morning coffee and much more. The buffet is served from 8:00 to 10:30 on weekdays and from 8:30 to 11:00 on weekends and holidays in Russian fun cafe (traditional Russian cuisine).
When booking additionally you can order a delicious lunch and dinner in a café serving Russian cuisines. Help in the reservation Department.
When booking a hotel can arrange airport transfer and meeting at the railway station. Enter the transfer in the column Comments, and the date, place and time of arrival and flight number.
All rooms are equipped with safes. Safety features: the hotel is equipped with fire alarm system. Access to the hotel, on floors and in rooms are on an individual electronic key cards.


Atlanta Wrongful Death Attorney | Ryan A. Johnson, P.C.
Have You Lost Someone Dear To You? Allow Ryan Johnson To Fight For You!
Have You Lost Someone Dear To You?
Has your parent, spouse, child or any other loved one been killed because of another's negligence, criminal actions, or misconduct? If so, it is imperative that you retain the representation of Ryan A. Johnson, P.C. immediately. Our firm understands that no amount of money can heal the pain of your loss. However, you may be entitled to pursue a wrongful death claim and receive compensation for your financial losses.
We will carefully and considerately review the details of your case and offer you the best legal option. Our staff will handle your case in the most sensible manner as we work toward the settlement of your wrongful death claim. After we determine the circumstances surrounding the death of your loved one and establish the liable party, we will build a strategy in your favor and the favor of your loved one. We will navigate with you through the complexities and hardships of this time and work toward the resolution of your case.
Our Atlanta wrongful death lawyers will fight for the maximum settlement and dedicate our attention to your case both in and out of the courtroom. We are passionate about your well-being and we desire to help you move forward with your life with a sense of peace and security. We offer each client the individualized attention and unparalleled service that we believe you deserve. Find out if you are eligible to receive the compensation you are entitled to for your pain, expenses, and mental anguish.
Contact Ryan A. Johnson, P.C. today to schedule your free consultation.
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De Jenny Smelik-IBBY-prijs is een tweejaarlijkse Nederlandse literaire prijs die wordt  toegekend aan auteurs en illustratoren van kinder- en jeugdboeken. Tot 1991 was dit jaarlijks. De prijs is de voortzetting van de Jenny Smelik-Kiggen-prijs die in 1983 werd ingesteld door de Klasina Smelik-Kiggen-stichting. Met deze prijs wil IBBY Nederland boeken onder de aandacht brengen waarin culturele diversiteit vanzelfsprekend is en waarin een opbouwend, in plaats van een problematiserend, beeld wordt gegeven van de  verschillende culturen. De prijs kan worden toegekend zowel aan een oorspronkelijk Nederlandstalig, als aan een vertaald werk. Fictie, maar ook non-fictie, kan voor een bekroning in aanmerking komen. Het prijzengeld bedraagt 2.000 euro. De jury kan daarbij ook een eervolle vermelding toekennen, hieraan is een bedrag van 500 euro verbonden.

Bekroonde werken
 1983: Filiz van Geertje Gort
 1984: WAR-boeken van de Rotterdamse Kunststichting
 1985: De koffer van Şaban Güneş
 1986: geen uitreiking
 1987: Mijn dappere moeder van Halil Gür
 1988: De kleine groene worm van Can Göknil
 1989: Een handvol sterren van Rafik Schami
 1990: Moenli en de moeder van de wolven van Klaus Kordon
 1991: Matabia van Marion Bloem
 1993: Een pelikaan op straat van Anton van der Kolk
 1996: De weg naar het noorden van Naima El Bezaz
 1998: Feestverhalen van Saskia van der Valk & Jos van Hest
 2000: Bezoekjaren van Joke van Leeuwen en Malika Blain. Eervolle vermelding voor Nooit geschreven brief aan mijn vader door Karima Ouchan & Fenneke Reysoo
 2002: Anansi's web van Lydia Rood
 2004: Een dubbel vuurteken van Gerda van Erkel. Eervolle vermelding voor De Paradijsstraat door Liesbet Ruben & Babette van Ogtrop
 2006: Foead en de vliegende badmat van Karlijn Stoffels
 2008: Op weg naar huis van Jan Michael
 2010: De gelukvinder van Edward van de Vendel & Anoush Elman
 2012: Trash door Andy Mulligan
 2014: Het hanengevecht van Hans Hagen
 2016: De duik van Sjoerd Kuyper (tekst) & Sanne te Loo (illustraties). Eervolle vermelding voor Mijn opa de trekvogel van Liesbet Ruben.
 2018: Arabische sprookjes van Rodaan Al Galidi (tekst) en Geertje Aalders (illustraties). Eervolle vermelding voor Morgen is een ander land  van Michael de Cock en Thui Chielens.
 2020: Julian is een zeemeermin van Jessica Love, vertaling Loes Randazzo.  (Randazzo, (2019). Eervolle vermelding voor Planeet Omar: problemenmagneet van Zanib Mian, met illustraties van Nasaya Mafaridik. Vertaling: Edward van de Vendel (Volt, 2019)
 2022: Smaakspoken. Het geheim van de zeven smaken van Daan Faber & José Luis García Lechner (illustraties) (Volt, 2021). Eervolle vermelding: Op de rug van Bigi Kayman van Henna Goudzand Nahar & Hedy Tjin (illustraties) (Querido, 2021)

Nederlandse literatuurprijs


Gamewell Ruritan Club will be having their monthly Bingo night Monday at 7pm. The cost is $1 per game sheet games 1-9 and $2 a game sheet for the 10 the Jackpot game. They also sell large daubers for $2 each and small daubers for $1 each. Come join the fun!
Snacks available for purchase. Profits for this fundraiser go to help them help the community. Also they always welcome anyone wishing to join the club even if you don't live in the Gamewell Community. For more information contact secretary Lee Ann Gragg @ 828-493-6215 or message our Facebook page or ask any Gamewell Ruritan Member.


All Red Bud homes currently listed for sale in Red Bud as of 04/18/2019 are shown below. You can change the search criteria at any time by pressing the 'Change Search' button below.
If you have any questions or you would like more information about any Red Bud homes for sale or other Red Bud real estate, please contact us and one of our knowledgeable Red Bud REALTORS® would be pleased to assist you.
"3 bedroom, 3 bathroom home almost hidden away on 40 acres of partly wooded ground. Home has recently been remodeled and also has a new roof and siding. The mostly open floor plan includes the kitchen which opens to the dining room that has large picture windows overlooking the pond and woods. Main level master bedroom has walk-in closet and a bathroom. Both the main level living room and the downstairs family room have fireplaces. Downstairs is finished in stamped brick concrete and barn wood."
"This house HAS IT ALL! Almost 12 acres of beautiful creek bottoms and upper pastures, pond PLUS a magnificent out door entertaining space including a recent covered patio and in ground pool! Home is set up for real life living and entertaining! Horse/animal structure near pasture, detached 2 car garage, large lots of outdoor space and a fantastic house to boot! Step inside your home from the driveway into the sun-room an on to the spacious kitchen with a gigantic dining room, laundry and big fam"
"HIDDEN TREASURE! This custom built 4 bed 3 bath home is tucked away on 10.2 acres of heavily wooded property with a tranquil creek running through it. It features 3/4 thick oak hardwood on the floors & ceiling on the main floor with decorative trim on the top of the floating walls throughout the main floor. The kitchen has approx. 38' of granite counter tops & breakfast bar. Walls are 8 thick. The electric budget billing is $86.00 per month. Furnace runs on propane. There are 9' ceilings and 10"
"Looking for peace & quiet in the country while being close to the city, then this is the home for you! All brick, move-in ranch home on 5 wooded acres with a built-in dock on the lake offers a gorgeous view from the home. Gleaming hardwood floors enhance this 3 bedroom/2 bath home. The master bedroom has a walk-in closet and 3/4 bath w marble vanity & shower. Living room includes a built in entertainment center (which can be removed to reveal a built-in stone fireplace). Kitchen includes granit"
"This well appointed 3 bedroom 3 bath home on a quiet cul-de-sac lot is waiting for you. Bright entry area leads to a large living room featuring a fireplace and large windows. Updated kitchen includes appliances and custom cabinets. Silestone countertops. The dining area has wood flooring and a built in china cabinet. Walk out onto a covered wood deck area the wraps around the rear of the home. Master bedroom includes a walk in closet with adjoining master bath. There is a jacuzzi room off the m"
"Great piece of property located within the City Limits of Red Bed! Almost 17 acres of land with public utilities available at State Route 3. This parcel is currently used as farm ground with a corn crop and Tenants Rights apply. Are you looking for a private setting to build your new home site where you can have outbuildings, farm animals and horses? OR this property has the potential to be re-zoned to commercial (light industrial) and Buyer would need to apply for a zoning change. There is a 40"
"Welcome home to this wonderful 3 bedroom, 2.5 bath home on a quiet culdesac. The floor plan of this home has been updated to accommodate more modern needs with a full master suite on the main floor including a large walk-in closet and spacious master bathroom with whirlpool tub, separate shower, dual sink vanity and private water closet. The living room on the main floor features a large picture window bringing in lots of light. The adjoining kitchen includes all appliances and has a generous"
"Enjoy country living, just minutes to town; Take your love for the outdoors and just image what you ll create on this 1.96 acres with 3 out-buildings; 31' x 21' - 2-car detached garage with concrete floors and electricity, 26' x 36' 3-car detached garage, barn and storage shed. This Rustic 1-1/2 story home with 3 beds 2 baths. PARTIALLY RENOVATED. Great room has cathedral ceilings with wood-burning stove, walkout onto patio with mature trees, swimming pond. Kitchen remolded with beautiful che"
"Great home on private 3.04 acres with huge level area for pasture. Property has a barn in great condition with impressive construction. Also the area around the barn is partially fenced. There is also has a huge detached Garage with storage and workshop area. Covered sun porch 27'6 x 13'6 (needs screening) on east side of home. Also a 10 x 14 x patio off the sun porch in the front of the home . The home features 3 bedrooms on the main floor, eat-in kitchen, living room and full bath. Lower leve"
"Tremendous Buy! Carpet, paint, and a little TLC will make this house your home. Great location! huge over-sized yard, two-car detached garage. All brick exterior. Family Room has exposed brick on accent wall."
"Don't let this one get away!! It is absolutely adorable inside! Move right in! Remodeled within the last 10 years. Freshly painted with all original hardwood flooring and moldings, and single-hung tilt-in vinyl windows throughout. The charming living room features an exposed brick chimney through to the upstairs. Kitchen features includes: refrigerator, gas stove, built-in and microwave. Ceiling fans in Livingroom, kitchen, and main floor bedroom. Main floor bathroom has ceramic tile flooring w"
"Very nice starter home or for downsizing. Kitchen has been remodeled and includes appliances. Newer windows, rood, furnace and A/C. One car attached garage."
"OPEN HOUSE SUNDAY MARCH 24TH 12-1:30!! Charming 2+ bedroom home with huge garage and nice yard. There have been many updates and upgrades. The metal roof was resealed and painted Red Bud Red color. The current owner has added the 2 car oversized garage, new tilt in windows, updated electric and plumbing, some new kitchen cabinets and appliances and updated bathroom. Hardwood floors throughout most of the home and new carpet in both the upstairs bedrooms. (Seller uses loft area at top of stairs "


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An Author a (Mon)day: Samantha Shannon
May 19, 2014 • An Author a Monday
An Author a (Mon)day is my sporadic feature where I ask authors a few questions about anything - themselves, their books and writing, to name a few. While it doesn't happen on a regular basis, you can be rest assured that it always happens on a Monday!
Last year, I was one of the lucky winners of a Twitter contest for an ARC of The Bone Season + a meet and greet with author Samantha Shannon. She and I had tweeted a couple of times, so I was really excited to meet her! She was gorgeous in person, and incredibly nice, and after our conversation, I was even more excited to read her book. I did read The Bone Season and loved it, so much so that I shared my ten reasons I thought everyone should read it too! Samantha is incredibly talented, and her writing is gorgeous and lush. She is also seriously one of the coolest, smartest people I know! Without further ado, please welcome Samantha to the blog!
Alexa: Thanks for joining me on the blog today, Samantha! First of all, let me tell you - I really liked The Bone Season. Where did you get the idea for the novel? And did you always know it would be a series?
Samantha: I'm so glad you liked it! The idea for The Bone Season came from the district of Seven Dials in Covent Garden, where I was doing an internship at a literary agency in July 2011. There are a few shops in the area that sell crystal balls and offer psychic readings and other such esoterica. I started to wonder what it would be like if there was a society of clairvoyant people living in London. I rolled that together with a previous idea I'd had about supernatural creatures controlling Oxford – the city where I was studying – and The Bone Season was born.
Alexa: Did you have to do some fun research when writing The Bone Season, and its upcoming sequel, The Mime Order?
Samantha: Most of the research for The Bone Season was poured into creating the Seven Orders of Clairvoyance, which is my "magic system". I wanted my clairvoyant society to be a cross-section of historical types of divination, extending to encompass twenty-first century parapsychology. I did quite a bit of reading about classical and Renaissance impressions of augury, soothsaying and so on. After that I moved on to nineteenth-century Spiritualism, mainly using The Book on Mediums by Allan Kardec. Paige's gift incorporates a fair bit of research on the paranormal: out-of-body experiences, astral projection and so on. Although I did a lot of research, I wanted to put my own spin on each type, and I invented a few that have no historical precedent (e.g. summoner). I'm hoping Bloomsbury will publish the pamphlet I wrote to accompany the book, On the Merits of Unnaturalness, at some point this year. Another strand of research was Jewish mythology, where I found the words "Rephaim", "Sheol" and "Emim".
Alexa: How does it feel to be a published author nearly a year in? I'm sure it must be really exciting!
Samantha: Still wonderful and overwhelming. Two years after getting the book deal, it hasn't quite sunk in.
Alexa: Are you excited about going on tour again for The Mime Order this year? What was your favorite thing about getting to tour and travel last year?
Samantha: I'm very excited. I love traveling, and I feel very lucky to be able to travel for work and meet readers from many different countries. One of my favourite cities was Bucharest in Romania – its architecture is beautiful. The best day was definitely feeding kangaroos in sunny Australia last year with my publicist.
Alexa: Since I'm a writer too, let's talk about writing! Did you always know that you wanted to be a writer?
Samantha: Since I was about twelve or thirteen. I did write before that, mostly short stories, but that was when the urge to write every day really kicked in and when I knew I wanted to do it as a career. I made my first serious attempt at writing a novel when I was fifteen.
Alexa: Do you have a writing routine? Tips? Quirks?
Samantha: I get up in the morning between 7am and 8am and make myself a big cup of coffee, check my emails and do social media or blogging, and start writing around noon. I tend to write slowly but solidly until quite late at night. I aim to sleep at around 11pm but often the writing urge will kick in when it turns dark, and I'll end up writing past 1am. I usually write for at least eight hours a day, if not more.
I sometimes find it difficult to give tips, as there's no such thing as "one size fits all". What works for one writer might not work for another. I do think it's vital to have the right mindset when you write, especially with the intention of being published. You need to maintain a balance; to believe in your story, but also stay grounded enough to critique it when you edit. Always keep in mind that literature is subjective, and that there is no right or wrong way to tell a story. Don't be afraid to experiment.
Alexa: So, now on to more fun things – the future! First, what's up next when it comes to writing? And reading? I'm already excited about The Mime Order and any future additions to The Bone Season series.
Samantha: I'm currently editing The Mime Order and planning out the unnamed third book. I did start the manuscript for Book 3, but have since decided to start again, as I completely changed the ending of The Mime Order during the first round of edits – which, in turn, affected the beginning of Book 3. Reading, I have no idea. I read a lot of Bloomsbury books, as I can snag proof copies from their HQ in London. Perks!
Alexa: And now, back to the present day. What are your favorite current reads, TV shows or films and music? I'm still not over how great Raised By Swans is to listen to.
Samantha: Favorite TV shows are My Mad Fat Diary, Sherlock and Game of Thrones. My Mad Fat Diary provides both a brilliant, non-judgmental insight into mental illness, and an amazing '90s Britpop soundtrack. Books: I just read an ARC of My Salinger Year by Joanna Rakoff. It's wonderful – the true story of the author while she was working for the literary agency that represented J. D. Salinger. I'm about a quarter of the way through an upcoming YA steampunk novel called Take Back the Skies by Lucy Saxon, which will be out in June this year. As for music, my taste remains largely in the early twentieth century (Billie Holiday, Ruth Etting, The Ink Spots), but there's a few modern songs I'm a little obsessed with: 'My Blood' by Ellie Goulding (from the Divergent soundtrack), 'Let it Go' from Frozen (who isn't?) and of course, anything and everything Raised by Swans. The new RBS album should be out this year, fingers crossed. You'll be seeing more old-fashioned music in The Mime Order.
Alexa: In 5 years, where would you be? What would you be doing, and with who?
Samantha: According to my schedule, still writing the Bone Season series. In my office. Or maybe someone will have dragged me outside to get some fresh air by then.
Alexa: It is finally spring! What are your favorite spring activities or trends?
Samantha: I'm definitely more of a winter person – I was a November baby – but I do love Easter. Spring is also lovely because my tortoise comes out of hibernation. It's nice to see him pottering around the garden when the sun's out.
Alexa: Thank you Samantha! It was such a pleasure to have you on the blog. I'm super excited to see you when you come to NYC this year, and to grab a copy of The Mime Order as soon as I can!
If you want to find Samantha online, you can check out her blog, her Twitter, her Facebook page, and her Tumblr.
The Bone Season by Samantha Shannon
Publisher: Bloomsbury USA
It is the year 2059. Several major world cities are under the control of a security force called Scion. Paige Mahoney works in the criminal underworld of Scion London, part of a secret cell known as the Seven Seals. The work she does is unusual: scouting for information by breaking into others' minds. Paige is a dreamwalker, a rare kind of clairvoyant, and in this world, the voyants commit treason simply by breathing.
But when Paige is captured and arrested, she encounters a power more sinister even than Scion. The voyant prison is a separate city—Oxford, erased from the map two centuries ago and now controlled by a powerful, otherworldly race. These creatures, the Rephaim, value the voyants highly—as soldiers in their army.
Paige is assigned to a Rephaite keeper, Warden, who will be in charge of her care and training. He is her master. Her natural enemy. But if she wants to regain her freedom, Paige will have to learn something of his mind and his own mysterious motives. (from Goodreads)
Why should you read this book?
I'm going to point you in the direction of a post I wrote with ten reasons you should read this book. But other than that, if you're a fan of lush writing, inventive new worlds and strongly drawn characters, you're going to like this book.
Melissa (i swim for oceans) May 19, 2014 at 10:08 AM
I love reading about authors' writing habits and styles, as well as what motivated them to start in the first place. I always think that, perhaps...just perhaps...it might get me in the mood to finish one of my many WIPs. I've yet to read THE BONE SEASON, but it sounds like a fantastic read, as well, and it's one I'll clearly be picking up soon! Thanks for sharing, Alexa and Samantha!


happens in the same small spaces?
Lifestyle is a word that means a lot of different things to different people.
For those who live in Terrain, lifestyle is the very definition of the Colorado ideal.
It's both nature and city, work and play, adventure and leisure.
go east on Founders for 3 miles, turn left on Rising Sun or Copper Cloud and follow the signs.


Hey kids! We're coming to you today from Jasper, AB! It's a little hazy due to raging AB/BC forestfires but we vow to sing our little hearts regardless of the fact that our lungs are coated in ash. Yesterday we were in Grande Prairie. Here's the re-cap!
-Pratt's Aunty Sandy Dee and Uncle Arden bought a fourth copy of the new album. We may lead to their bankruptcy.
-Hanging with Shelagh, Hadley, and Jack (sorry we missed ya Cameron...somebody has to make the big bucks). Pratt got to pet Hadley's velvety Basset Hound ears and all was well in the world.
-Tito's Bistro and Cafe has AMAZING food! Chicken Shawarma and falafel platters? Get outta town!
-Coming home from Costco to have dog poop induced nostril assault. Also, cleaning up said dog poop. Hadley, we all know who the culprit was. It was written all over your adorable face.


text:
2Evidence for inversion
2.1Hemichordates: an intermediate body plan?
3Alternative hypotheses
Inversion (evolutionary biology)
Hypothesis in developmental biology
In evolutionary developmental biology, inversion refers to the hypothesis that during the course of animal evolution, the structures along the dorsoventral (DV) axis have taken on an orientation opposite that of the ancestral form.
Inversion was first noted in 1822 by the French zoologist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, when he dissected a crayfish (an arthropod) and compared it with the vertebrate body plan. The idea was heavily criticised, but periodically resurfaced, and is now supported by some molecular embryologists.
As early as 1822, the French zoologist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire noted that the organization of dorsal and ventral structures in arthropods is opposite that of mammals. Five decades later, in light of Darwin's theory of "descent with modification", German zoologist Anton Dohrn proposed that these groups arose from a common ancestor which possessed a body plan similar to that of modern annelids with a ventral nerve cord and dorsal heart.[1] Whereas this arrangement is retained in arthropods and other protostomes, in chordate deuterostomes, the nerve cord is located dorsally and the heart ventrally. The inversion hypothesis was met with scornful criticism each time it was proposed, and has periodically resurfaced and been rejected.[1] However, some modern molecular embryologists suggest that recent findings support the idea of inversion.
Evidence for inversion[edit]
Generalized protostome and chordate body plans illustrating the opposite orientation of dorsoventral structures. Concomitant with the change in orientation of these structures is the inversion of domains of expression of TGF-β signals (dpp/BMPs) and their inhibitors (sog/Chordin).
Balanoglossus, an example of a Hemichordata, represents an "evolutionary link" between invertebrates and vertebrates.
In addition to the simple observation that the dorsoventral axes of protostomes and chordates appear to be inverted with respect to each other, molecular biology provides some support for the inversion hypothesis. The most notable piece of evidence comes from analysis of the genes involved in establishing the DV axis in these two groups.[2] In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as well as in other protostomes, the β-type transforming growth factor (TGF-β) family member decapentaplegic (dpp) is expressed dorsally and is thought to suppress neural fate. On the ventral side of the embryo, a dpp inhibitor, short gastrulation (sog), is expressed, thus allowing nervous tissue to form ventrally. In chordates, the dpp homolog BMP-4 is expressed in the prospective ventral (non-neural) part of the embryo while several sog-like BMP inhibitors (Chordin, Noggin, Follistatin) are expressed dorsally.[1]
Other patterning genes also show conserved domains of expression. The neural patterning genes vnd, ind, msh, and netrin are expressed in the Drosophila ventral nerve cells and midline mesectoderm. The chordate homologs of these genes, NK2, Gsh1/2, Msx1/3, and Netrin, are expressed in the dorsal neural tube. Furthermore, the tinman/Nkx2-5 gene is expressed very early in cells that will become the heart in both Drosophila (dorsally) and chordates (ventrally).[1]
Additional support comes from work on the development of the polychaete annelid Platynereis dumerilii, another protostome. Even more so than Drosophila, its pattern of central-nervous-system development is strikingly similar to that of vertebrates, but inverted.[3] There is also evidence from left-right asymmetry. Vertebrates have a highly conserved Nodal signaling pathway that acts on the left side of the body, determining left-right asymmetries of internal organs. Sea urchins have the same signaling pathway, but it acts on the right side of the body.[4] It was even shown that an opposing right-sided signal for regulating left-right asymmetry in vertebrates, i.e. BMP signaling pathway, is activated on the left side of the sea urchin larva,[5] suggesting an axial inversion during evolution from basal deuterostome to chordate such like amphioxus. Because in amphioxus, Nodal signaling pathway is on the left side of the embryo, which is the same situation as vertebrates.[6] Sea urchins, like other echinoderms, have radially-symmetric adults, but bilaterally-symmetric larvae. Since sea urchins are deuterostomes, this suggests that the ancestral deuterostome shared its orientation with protostomes, and that dorsoventral inversion originated in some ancestral chordate.
There is evidence that invertebrate chordates are also inverted. Ascidian larvae have a dorsal mouth, as one would expect from inversion.[7] The amphioxus has an odd feature: its mouth appears on the left side and migrates to the ventral side.[8] Biologist Thurston Lacalli speculates that this may be a recapitulation of the migration of the mouth from the dorsal to the ventral side in a protochordate.[9]
Hemichordates: an intermediate body plan?[edit]
Some biologists have proposed that the Hemichordates (specifically the Enteropneusta) may represent an intermediate body plan in the evolution of the "inverted" state of the chordates.[10] Though they are considered deuterostomes, the dorsoventral axis of hemichordates retains features of both protostomes and chordates. For example, enteropneusts have an ectodermally-derived dorsal nerve cord in the collar region which has been proposed to be homologous to the chordate neural tube. However, they also have a ventral nerve cord and a dorsal contractile vessel similar to protostomes.[10] Furthermore, the relative positions other "intermediate" structures in hemichordates, such as the hepatic organs and ventral pygochord, which has been proposed to be homologous to the chordate-defining notochord,[11] are retained but inverted. Nübler-Jung and Arendt argue that the principal innovation in the chordate lineage was the obliteration of the mouth on the neural side (as in hemichordates, arthropods, and annelids) and the development of a new mouth on the non-neural ventral side.[10]
Alternative hypotheses[edit]
While the idea of dorsoventral axis inversion appears to be supported by morphological and molecular data, others have proposed alternative plausible hypotheses (reviewed in Gerhart 2000).[1] One assumption of the inversion hypothesis is that the common ancestor of protostomes and chordates already possessed an organized central nervous system located at one pole of the dorsoventral axis. Alternatively, this ancestor may have possessed only a diffuse nerve net or several bundles of nervous tissue with no distinct dorsoventral localization. [1] [12] This would mean that the apparent inversion was simply a result of concentration of the central nervous system at opposite poles independently in the lineages leading to protostomes and chordates. Lacalli (1996) suggested a scenario in which the ancestor had a single opening to the digestive system, and that the neural and non-neural mouths arose independently in protostomes and chordates, respectively.[13] By this hypothesis, there is no need for inversion.
Martindale and Henry propose a ctenophore-like ancestor (biradial rather than bilateral) with a concentrated nerve cord and two anal pores on opposite sides of the animal in addition to a terminal gut opening.[1][14] If one of these pores became the mouth in protostomes and the other became the mouth in deuterostomes, this would also preclude inversion. Another alternative, proposed by von Salvini-Plawen, states that the ancestor had a two-part nervous system - one part concentrated, the other diffuse. The nervous systems of protostome and deuterostome descendants of this ancestor may have arisen independently from these two distinct parts.[1][15]
Axial twist theories propose that not the whole body, but only the anterior region of the head is inverted.[16][17] These theories by Kinsbourne[16] and de Lussanet & Osse[17] also explain the presence of an optic chiasm in vertebrates and the contralateral organization of the forebrain. One of these theories[17] is supported by developmental evidence and even explains the asymmetric organization of the heart and bowels.[18]
^ a b c d e f g h Gerhart, J. (2000). "Inversion of the chordate body axis: Are there alternatives?". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97 (9): 4445–8. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4445G. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4445. PMC 34319. PMID 10781041.
^ De Robertis EM, Sasai Y (1996). "A common plan for dorsoventral patterning in Bilateria". Nature. 380 (6569): 37–40. Bibcode:1996Natur.380...37D. doi:10.1038/380037a0. PMID 8598900. S2CID 4355458.
^ Alexandru S. Denes; Gáspár Jékely; Patrick R.H. Steinmetz; Florian Raible; Heidi Snyman; Benjamin Prud'homme; David E.K. Ferrier; Guillaume Balavoine; Detlev Arendt (2007). "Molecular Architecture of Annelid Nerve Cord Supports Common Origin of Nervous System Centralization in Bilateria". Cell. 129 (2): 277–288. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.040. PMID 17448990. S2CID 14904427.
^ Véronique Duboc; Eric Röttinger; François Lapraz; Lydia Besnardeau; Thierry Lepage (2005). "Left-Right Asymmetry in the Sea Urchin Embryo Is Regulated by Nodal Signaling on the Right Side". Developmental Cell. 9 (1): 147–158. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2005.05.008. PMID 15992548.
^ Luo YJ, Su YH (2012). "Opposing Nodal and BMP Signals Regulate Left–Right Asymmetry in the Sea Urchin Larva". PLOS Biology. 10 (10): e1001402. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001402. PMC 3467216. PMID 23055827.
^ Yu JK, Holland LZ, Holland ND (2002). "An amphioxus nodal gene (AmphiNodal) with early symmetrical expression in the organizer and mesoderm and later asymmetrical expression associated with left-right axis formation". Evolution & Development. 4 (6): 418–25. doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.02030.x. PMID 12492142. S2CID 44814248.
^ Thurston C. Lacalli (2006). "Prospective protochordate homologs of vertebrate midbrain and MHB, with some thoughts on MHB origins". International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2 (3): 104–109. doi:10.7150/ijbs.2.104. PMC 1458436. PMID 16763669.
^ Kinya Yasui; Takao Kaji (2008). "The Lancelet and Ammocoete Mouths" (PDF). Zoological Science. 25 (10): 1012–1019. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.1012. PMID 19267637. S2CID 26726046. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-06-16.
^ Thurston C. Lacalli (2009). "The emergence of the chordate body plan: some puzzles and problems". Acta Zoologica. 91 (1): 4–10. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00384.x.
^ a b c Nübler-Jung K, Arendt D (1999). "Dorsoventral axis inversion: Enteropneust anatomy links invertebrates to chordates turned upside down". J Zool Syst Evol Research. 37 (2): 93–100. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.1999.372106.x.
^ Cameron CB (2005). "A phylogeny of the hemichordates based on morphological characters". Can J Zool. 83: 196–215. doi:10.1139/Z04-190. S2CID 59467984.
^ Martin-Duran JM, Pang K, Børve A, Semmler Lê H, Furu A, Cannon JT, Jondelius U, Hejnol A (2017). "Convergent evolution of bilaterian nerve cords". Nature. 553 (7686): 1–8. Bibcode:2018Natur.553...45M. doi:10.1038/nature25030. PMC 5756474. PMID 29236686.
^ Lacalli T (1996). "Dorsoventral axis inversion: a phylogenetic perspective". BioEssays. 18 (3): 251–4. doi:10.1002/bies.950180313.
^ Martindale MQ, Henry JQ (1998). "The development of radial and biradial symmetry: The evolution of bilaterality". Am. Zool. 38 (4): 672–84. doi:10.1093/icb/38.4.672.
^ von Salvini-Plawen L (1998). "The urochordate larva and archichordate organization: chordate origin and anagenesis revisited". J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 36 (3): 129–45. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1998.tb00832.x.
^ a b Kinsbourne, Marcel (2013). "Somatic twist: A model for the evolution of decussation". Neuropsychology. 27 (5): 511–5. doi:10.1037/a0033662. PMID 24040928. S2CID 11646580.
^ a b c De Lussanet, Marc H.E; Osse, Jan W.M (2012). "An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the optic chiasm in vertebrates". Animal Biology. 62 (2): 193–216. arXiv:1003.1872. doi:10.1163/157075611X617102. S2CID 7399128.
^ de Lussanet M. H. E., Osse J. W. M. (2015). "Decussation as an axial twist: A comment on Kinsbourne (2013)". Neuropsychology. 29 (5): 713–714. doi:10.1037/neu0000163. PMID 25528610. S2CID 6983617.
An explanation of DV patterning in Drosophila
P.Z. Myers on axis inversion and hemichordates
P.Z. Myers on axis inversion and annelids: "We have the brains of worms"
Timeline of evolution
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Today, my friend Buddy called to tell me that he spotted eight old maids milking on Wall Street as symbol of protest against the Ten Lords of the Corporate Kingdom.
My friend Buddy is my go-to model. Every time that I test a new photography equipment he is always around to pose for me. This portrait head shot was taken using my newly converted Infra Red camera. Natural ambient light courtesy of the soft California sun. Hat by Armani. Make up by Revlon.
Incidentally, Buddy is a single straight guy currently looking for a relationship. He speaks different languages, such as High Mongolian, Low Mongolian and Middle of the Road Mongolian. He likes listening to the music of Men at Work, Midnight Oil and all those Australian have-beens from the 80s. (He has been to all the Choachella concerts.) He loves to cook his favorite Spam using only organically grown ingredients. I was wondering if you know somebody who would be a perfect match for Buddy.
Glenn: Given Buddy's construction, I'd have thought Buddy would enjoy the "Hard Rock" music of The Stones more. Nice pic.
Martha: I've got a friend for Buddy. She's a real picnic. Enjoys the outdoors and doesn't mind ants. Thrives throughout Winter, Spring, Summer and Fall. She lives underneath a palm leaf, weighs about 40 pounds and is made of stone. She's a turtle with a hard shell and a soft heart. Her name is Tur-Dee.
p.s. (she digs spam tacos) ... Happy first day of Winter.


text:
Video: The latest trailers for Scottish-based show Outlander
By Fraser Glen
GET in the mood for the release of the highly anticipated show by watching all the latest trailers below.
Sam Heughan outside Doune Castle during filming
IT might not have a release date for the UK yet - but the hype surrounding Outlander continues to grow.
The show, which is shot in Scotland, will debut across the pond on Saturday, 9 August, with British fans hoping to find out soon when Outlander will be aired in the UK.
Producers of the show, Starz, have announced 16 episodes will be aired as shooting in Cumbernauld draws to a close.
American author Diana Gabaldon's seven book series, the first of which was written 20 years ago, have become a phenomenon selling over 25 million copies worldwide.
The big-budget fantasy romance series dubbed Scotland's Game of Thrones has cost more than £50million to make and despite only a short trailer having been released, fans are hooked.
The show follows Claire Randall, played by Caitriona Balfe, a married former nurse living in 1945 who travels back in time to eighteenth-century Scotland.
While there, she meets and falls in love with Scots actor Sam Heughan who portrays Jamie Fraser, and is torn between staying there and going back to her husband, Tobias Menzies's character Frank.
In pictures: Outlander's historical landmarks in Scotland
Outlander fans from across the globe set to hold first Gathering in Edinburgh


Send a link of property IA0001080738 to your family and friends.
This is a real lock-up and go.
This sectional title duplex in a complex near Cosmos Private Hospital, the N4 and all amenities offers you 3 bedrooms, 1 full bathroom, 2 living areas, neat modern kitchen with granite tops. A guest toilet, build in braai for the entertainment days. One garage and one carport.
Don't miss out on this one. Contact me to view.
This Flat, located in Del Judor, Witbank / Mpumalanga, is currently for sale. This property is marketed by Witbank for R 875 000. It has 3 bedrooms and 1 bathrooms. For further information on this property, nearby schools and amenities, please contact the agent. It has been listed on ImmoAfrica.net since February 26, 2018.


Dr. Russell Becker always appreciates feedback from his valued patients. To date, we're thrilled to have collected 67 reviews with an average rating of 4.93 out of 5 stars. Please read what others are saying about Dr. Russell Becker below, and as always, we would love to collect your feedback.
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It provided the info I was looking for.
Dr Becker is great! I had a great experience. I would recommend him to anyone!
He was fun and very cool and extremely competent!
Follow up with Dr Becker went Smooth and informative. Ultra sound was explained, and answered all our questions. Very personable.
Very Good.Received good results.Dr.Beecker very professional and also personable.Highly recommend him to anyone having vascular or leg problems.
Very professional, efficient and great bed side manner in explaining reasoning for diagnosis and results of tests. 5 stars to all the staff!
Long term patient . Dr gives plenty of time and advice.
My appointment ran on time. Dr. Becker is very thorough and takes time to listen and offer suggestions for improvement. Reception and Rest room areas were clean and staff was friendly.
Great experience, took the time for us!
Dr. Becker is a personable, talented, gifted surgeon who frankly saved my life. Working with my/our GP, he diagnosed a seriously blocked carotid artery, performed an endarterectomy, and subsequently healed my problem. Several regular followups and rechecks will be our plan going forward as his very experienced, friendly, and caring staff will work with Dr. Becker to maintain my recent restoration to good health. God Bless Dr. Becker!


Yes, says Eli Pariser, author of What the Internet is Hiding from Us. "It's a conversation that's not necessarily visible to all potential participants in the same way," he says of Facebook comments. In other words, what used to be found on a single-threaded and public web page often resides behind closed doors and across multiple profile pages now.
In addition to keeping unwanted people and ideas out, Facebook also incorporates algorithmic censorship by "turning off notifications after a certain number of back-and-forths, essentially muting the conversation," Pariser explains.
In effect, even if you wanted to continue to participate in a Facebook conversation, you might not know when someone has added something new to the conversation without manually checking for it.
The same goes for Twitter. Although open to anyone, Twitter comments are scattered all over. Power users, of course, are familiar with hash tag filtering, which allows for centralized discussions of a single topic. But not everyone uses the same hash tags, if at all. And using tagging is a lot more difficult than scanning a single web page.
Okay, so there are fewer online comments, many of which are annoying in the first place. Big deal, right?
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann explained the phenomenon in her Spiral of Silence theory, which states that a person is less likely to voice an opinion if he or she feels in the minority or fears rejection by those in their social circle.
What's more, in the social media era, "the conversation tends to be more brief," says Rubel. Indeed, Facebook commenters have been accused of many things, but being too deep isn't one of them.
Which brings us where we are today: Fewer public comments, fragmented discussion, and more chatter among like-minded individuals. When it comes to new ideas, "we aren't necessarily seeking them out," Rubel says.
Not everyone views the decline of public comments as a bad thing, however.
Still, it's hard not to think the web may have lost some of its potency in a post Facebook world. Especially as many users are seeking out the news, ideas, and opinions they want as opposed to the ones they need.


One of the sustaining components of a successful recovery is gainful employment. Steady employment offers individuals in recovery the opportunity to continue to make progress toward realization of goals, improvement of familial and social relationships, rebuilding financial stability, and restoration of self-confidence, among many other benefits. Effective recovery, then, almost always involves an individual having gainful employment, finding and keeping a job, and making a contribution to society through his or her efforts.
Peer Recovery Services has developed a thriving, successful employment program with individuals in behavioral health recovery, employing over 60 people in both supportive and competitive positions within the agency. MPNNCSB PRS has extended this existing model to include a Community Employment Program as it recognizes the reality that over one in four U.S. adults has a criminal record and stable employment helps ex-offenders stay out of the legal system.