text:
Q: Error in generic code I am getting this error "Type mismatch: cannot convert from Object to E" in the last line of the pop() method.
Node
public class Node<E> {
    E item;
    Node next;

    Node(E item) {
        this.item = item;
        this.next = null;
    }

    Node(E item, Node next) {
        this.item = item;
        this.next = next;
    }
}

Stack
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class Stack<E> {
    private Node head;
    private int size;

    Stack() {
        head = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    public void push(E item) {
        head = new Node (item, head);
        size++;
    }

    public E pop() throws NoSuchElementException {
        Node nodeToBePopped;
        if (size == 0) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        nodeToBePopped = head;
        head = head.next;
        size--;
        return nodeToBePopped.item;
    }
}

I don't understand why that error occurs despite item being declared as type E in the Node class. Why do I have to make an explicit cast in this instance?

A: This is the problem in Stack<E>:
private Node head;

and likewise later:
Node nodeToBePopped;

And in Node<E> itself:
Node next;

You're using the raw type Node here, so all the generics are lost, effectively. See the Java Generics FAQ for more information about raw types.
Just change the variable types to Node<E> and it should be fine.
I'd also recommend using private fields, and only declaring local variables at the point of first use - so your pop method would become:
public E pop() throws NoSuchElementException {
    if (size == 0) {
        throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }
    Node<E> nodeToBePopped = head;
    head = head.next;
    size--;
    return nodeToBePopped.item;
}

Or in fact, just find the value to return from head before you change what head refers to:
public E pop() throws NoSuchElementException {
    if (size == 0) {
        throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }
    E previousHeadValue = head.item;
    head = head.next;
    size--;
    return previousHeadValue;
}

A: Change the types of head and nodeToBePopped to Node<E>
This is because you have not specified that Stack<E> will have only elements of type Node<E>
Similarly change the push method and also the next variable in Node<E>.


The canteen is open school days from 7am til 2pm, providing a service to students and staff for breakfast and meal breaks. The WSHS canteen complies with the 2016 Smart Choices Food and Drinks strategy.
The canteen is staffed by our canteen convenor, Kim Carroll. The canteen is currently supported by six (6) volunteers who provide an invaluable service to the school community.
If you would like to join our valued canteen volunteers you would be most welcome. More volunteers are needed to meet the needs of our student population. Please contact Kim on (07) 4639 0408 if you would like to help.


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text:
Gender Dysphoria and Substance Abuse
by Jeffrey Juergens | July 19, 2018 |
Understanding, Acceptance Can Reduce Substance Abuse for Those Struggling With Gender Dysphoria
Trying to find one's true identity can be complicated, especially for someone who has never really felt comfortable in their own skin or surroundings. Many people walk through life trying to be something they're not, while completely losing track of who they really are. This is especially true of those suffering from gender dysphoria.
Gender dysphoria, according to the American Psychiatric Association, "involves a conflict between a person's physical or assigned gender and the gender with which he/she/they identify. People with gender dysphoria may be very uncomfortable with the gender they were assigned, sometimes described as being uncomfortable with their body (particularly developments during puberty) or being uncomfortable with the expected roles of their assigned gender."
What Does This Have to Do with Substance Abuse?
By itself, gender dysphoria may not be a trigger for substance abuse, but stress-related diagnoses can be a trigger. Additionally, "minority stress" can contribute to a variety of addictive and risky behaviors.
According to medicaldaily.com, "a study published within the last few months sought to assess the relationship between 'minority stress' and mental health in a large, geographically diverse sample of the transgender population in the U.S. 'Minority stress theory' proposes that the health disparities among sexual minorities can be explained to a large extent by stressors induced by a hostile and homophobic culture, which often results in a lifetime of harassment, maltreatment, discrimination, and victimization and may ultimately impact access to care."
Those with gender dysphoria are likely to be searching for acceptance, understanding, compassion, normalcy, and equality. Being a "sexual minority," those who are transgender may find these things difficult to secure. Those with gender dysphoria are likely to be tempted by substance abuse as a substitute for feelings they wish to have.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that students, regardless of sexual orientation, reported the lowest levels of depression, suicidal feelings, alcohol, and marijuana use, and unexcused absences from school when they were in a positive school climate and not experiencing homophobic teasing.
What Can Community Members, Educators, Peers, and Parents Do to Combat Minority Stress and Lessen the Chance of Substance Abuse?
The Center for American Progress found that "gay and transgender individuals may be hesitant to utilize health care services that can help them overcome substance abuse because they are aware of the likelihood of meeting health care professionals who are unaware of their specific needs or are outright hostile toward them. As a result, gay and transgender individuals may delay substance abuse treatment or choose not to disclose their sexual or gender status, which not only hinders recovery but also undermines their overall health."
To help, USC Rossier developed "Students and Gender Identity: A Toolkit for Schools." It is a collection of resources to support important conversations about gender identity in the classroom. "This is a campus climate issue," said Professor Mary Andres, who teaches in the USC Rossier online master's in school counseling program.
One way this resource can assist educators, parents and the community is by providing communication tools and clearly defining terminology regarding gender identity. The toolkit also provides helpful links to explore measures to educate and counsel students, peers and coworkers.
While there is never one clear solution to resolve every person's needs, it is clear that something can be done in this instance. Awareness and education of minority stress surrounding transgender youth and adults may combat addictive behavior.
Alexis Anderson is a Senior Digital PR Coordinator covering K-12 education at 2U Inc. Alexis supports outreach for their school counseling, teaching, mental health and occupational therapy programs. Find her on Twitter @HeyLexHey.
Online Gambling Addiction: A Risky Bet
by: Jeffrey Juergens | July 30, 2015
Online gambling addiction has serious financial, social and health conse...
Why We Should Talk About Negative Experiences in Recovery
by: Olivia Pennelle | November 7, 2017
By talking about negative experiences in recovery, we create realistic p...
Drunkorexia: The Dangers of Cutting Calories for Alcohol
by: Jeffrey Juergens | June 9, 2015
Drunkorexia refers to skipping meals to "spend" more calories on alcohol...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php

namespace Rocketeer\Services\Roles;

use Rocketeer\Dummies\Tasks\DummyWithRoleTask;
use Rocketeer\Services\Connections\ConnectionsFactory;
use Rocketeer\TestCases\RocketeerTestCase;

class RolesManagerTest extends RocketeerTestCase
{
    public function testCanGetRolesOfConnection()
    {
        $roles = ['assets', 'web'];
        $this->swapConnections([
            'production' => [
                'roles' => $roles,
            ],
        ]);

        $this->assertEquals($roles, $this->roles->getConnectionRoles('production'));
    }

    public function testCanCheckIfConnectionCanExecuteTask()
    {
        $remote = new ConnectionsFactory($this->container);
        $key = $this->credentials->createConnectionKey('production');
        $connection = $remote->make($key);
        $connection->setRoles(['foo', 'bar']);

        $this->task->setRoles(['foo']);
        $this->assertTrue($this->roles->canExecuteTask($connection, $this->task));

        $this->task->setRoles(['foo', 'baz']);
        $this->assertFalse($this->roles->canExecuteTask($connection, $this->task));
    }

    public function testCanAssignRolesToTask()
    {
        $this->roles->assignTasksRoles([
            'web' => ['Deploy', 'Check'],
        ]);

        $roles = $this->task('Deploy')->getRoles();
        $this->assertEquals(['web'], $roles);

        $roles = $this->task('Check')->getRoles();
        $this->assertEquals(['web'], $roles);
    }

    public function testCanAssignRolesFromConfiguration()
    {
        $this->swapConfigWithEvents([
            'hooks.roles' => [
                'web' => 'Deploy',
                'assets' => 'Deploy',
            ],
        ]);

        $this->assertEquals(['web', 'assets'], $this->task('Deploy')->getRoles());
    }

    public function testTasksWithoutRolesAreCompatibleWithAnyServer()
    {
        $this->container->add(ConnectionsFactory::class, new ConnectionsFactory());
        $this->swapConnections([
            'production' => [
                'host' => 'foobar.com',
                'username' => 'foobar',
                'password' => 'foobar',
                'roles' => ['web', 'assets'],
            ],
        ]);

        $compatible = $this->roles->canExecuteTask($this->connections->getCurrentConnection(), $this->task('Deploy'));
        $this->assertTrue($compatible);
    }

    public function testCanExecuteOnlyOnCorrectServers()
    {
        $this->expectOutputString('production/foo.com');

        $this->swapConnections([
            'production' => [
                'servers' => [
                    ['host' => 'foo.com', 'roles' => ['web']],
                    ['host' => 'bar.com', 'roles' => ['db']],
                ],
            ],
        ]);

        $this->queue->execute(DummyWithRoleTask::class);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Gappy Joints, For Speed & Strength
Good chairs stay together forever if the chair maker understands what wood does.
They know it will move, and use this to their advantage.
Bone dry legs going into a slightly wetter seat.
The seat drys over time, the legs take on a tad of moisture and everything stays tight.
A good furniture maker knows that he was born cock-eyed for a reason.
Trust out of square.
The key to building swiftly by hand, is to not work like a machinist.
Matching lengths and perfectly square are all essential when you're using stop blocks and all that.
But this approach by hand always leaves you feeling like you're chasing your tail.
And it take ages.
Gaps in your joints.
It sounds like an excuse from a shoddy workman.
But there's a double benefit here.
We're gonna need a scenario.
Let's have a classic table and focus a bit on the joinery.
You've got four legs and four aprons.
They're joined together with mortice and tenons.
When we prep these parts by hand, aiming perfectly square is a time consumer.
And getting nice tight shoulders all the way around on every joint is also a time consumer.
That's what a machinist would need to do.
But we don't have to.
Aim for just under 90 degrees between the joinery faces and the outside reference faces. And then the same between the two outside faces. This makes prepping swift, whilst ensuring perfect show faces to your joints.
Instead, deliberately plane your legs wrong.
Don't aim at 90 degrees, but go a bit less.
Don't be precise about how much less.
That's the whole point.
Just get them as close as you can to 90 without worrying too much, because aiming for out of square is wonderfully tolerant.
Just be sure to check from your reference faces each time (they should be the two outside faces).
So that's made that part a doddle.
Now for the tenons.
We're aiming at gappy joints.
Scribe your shoulder all the way around.
On the show face cut to the waste side of the line as you would normally.
But on the back of the apron cut to the other side. The 'good' side.
When the joint goes together the face will be tight, but the back will have a small gap.
Fettling the face of the joint is now dead easy.
We can get it perfect without having to mess about going around the other side and all that.
Sawing the tenon shoulder – be sure to keep to the waste side of the line on your show face, but removing the line, even going in to the good stuff can be beneficial on the inside face.
Working in this manner gives us two benefits.
The first benefit is clearly tremendous speed.
But there's a second.
When we peg the whole thing together, all the joints will pull less than 90 degrees.
Basically each joint will want to twist.
This is because the tenon will be able to slip in just a tad more on the back of the joint due to that gap.
And because the faces of the legs are inward of 90 degrees.
A perfect show face, but a deliberate gap can be seen at the back of the joint.
Once the whole lot's together, the joints will work against, and sort of counter act each other, so that the table will still sit square.
But that twist creates tension.
The benefit here is a table that will be far, far more rack resistant, particularly over time when the timber does all of it's moving.
It'll also be a lot more rigid over all.
So the right side of wrong gives us a load of speed, and makes a stronger table.
Aiming at perfection is intimidating.
Particularly when you're starting out.
In our Hall Table Video build, all of the time-saving approaches have been exaggerated to help you get a good grasp.
We're a long way in to the build now – this week we got our base assembled, next week we move on to the top. You can find details of the build here.
Filed Under: Hand Tool Approach, Woodworking Joints
About Richard Maguire
« Dead Expensive Dovetail Saws…
Drill Bits For Hand Drills »
Greg Harper says
Excellent post, Richard. I'm new to this field of study, and waste loads of time working towards perfection. Tips like this are immensely helpful to a beginner like me – keep the excellent work coming!
Marcus Nielson says
I love your contrast of a machinist and a handtool woodworker. As a beginner I find myself naturally wanting to think like a machinist not a woodworker. Very enlightening!
Couldn't agree more! It's hard NOT to think like this, especially when you see perfection benches in videos.
Thanks Richard – I am enjoying the build video. Do you have another example of 'the right side of wrong' that would apply to functional dovetails (vs posh ones)?
aaron says
apparently at least the tenon side of this is an old trick – check out peter follansbee's notes here: https://pfollansbee.wordpress.com/2016/10/14/shelburne-museum-square-table/. The shoulders are clearly not coplanar. I think the tip of keeping the mortised member non-square is also very useful. 90º, like so much else, is a one-sided tolerance… much much easier to hit that two sided!
David Gendron says
Interesting approche mate… Good reasoning… So should I throw all my square out 😉
Kermit says
It's very important for handtool woodworkers to remember Richard's appending of "-ish" to words, such as "squarish." So many of us learned to make things "dead nuts" square, flat, and coplanar. Learning when "-ish" wins over "dead nuts" is a toigh lesson.
Salko Safic says
I understand your reasoning behind it all, but even when I do make a mistake and a gap I shown it bothers me every time I look at it. How in the world would I be able to take your approach and teach myself to be sloppy just to speed up production. They say time is money yet I still work for peanuts.
mark jenkins says
you are missing the point, the gaps are where they are not seen. What you do see looks perfect.
Michael Ballinger says
It's not sloppy when it's intentional. It's not just about speed but strength. Tension is used heavily in traditional timber framing, think of draw boring as well, you're offsetting the hole to put tension into the joint and make it tight. It's a mind shift, the gap on the back might be a little exaggerated to prove a point, but you could probably make the difference very slight and it would still work.
J Dougherty says
The point is that what Richard describes is not "sloppy." Quite the contrary. What he says is to not get hung up on precision. But, the slack (the gaps) are controlled, they are located where they do not show. This is how a great many well-made antiques are made. The external faces are "perfect" or close. But look inside, behind, or underneath and it is clear that the maker ha a very clear idea of "good enough." In fact, many restorers make a living "fixing" antique pieces that were "too well made" for the material. That is, they were fastened and often glued, but the wood over the lifetime of the piece has proceeded to tear it apart. And, if you do get a gap where you don't want it, and it is not a yawning gap, say a 16th or so, take a back or gent's saw with a kerf close to the gap width and add kerfs to the matching joint lines. Then the gap disappears in the design and actually adds some visual interest..
Mohyudin says
Thanks for these tips. I always appreciate your insights. Especially on playing to the strengths of hand tools and not falling into the trap of creating unnessary work by trying for percieved perfection where it doesn't count. Plus I needed an excuse for gappy joints (I may have got the gaps on the show face though!). Any plans for face to face classes? Keep up the good work
Ken Haygarth says
Richard makes perfect sense as usual, but I just can't bring my self to do it. 😉
Ivan Walker says
Hey Bro!
Just give it a try, nothing to lose and . . . . you just might find yourself . . . . "Doing it".
Good luck Ken.
Ivan.
Mitchell says
Modern consumers' aesthetics and notions of high quality have been molded and fostered by the standards of industrial processes. Making the bottom of the tabletop as smooth as the top surface isn't an advantage of industrialized manufacturing; it's a necessity to keep the production procedure moving smoothly. As woodworkers, we must recognize how influenced our tastes and standards of quality have been unduly influenced by mass marketers who want to sell us products.
Almost utterly agree with you Bro, almost!
'Utterly' "Influenced". Now me 'n' ye are on the same space . . . . Gaps 'n' all.
I utterly enjoyed your post/rant.
Good luck Mitchell.
Larry Watson Woodworking Studio says
Right angles have nothing to lean against.
Chairmaker forced to turn furniture restorer is like a surgeon forced to turn first-aider.
Hello Richard!
I tried your "square-ish-ish" method last night and my joints ended up being . . . .
. . . ."Dead nuts",
. . . ."Co-planar", "You'd think they'd just come out of a production machine"
. . . ."perfect"!!
I can't do right for doing wrong . . . . (in all my life).
You, kind Sir, gave me the smallest of encouragement to do something wrong-ish on purpose-ish and what do I end up doing? I get it 'on the money'. Right! .. No! .. Wait! .. Wrong! .. No! .. Wait! ..
Ah FFS I give up, I'm away to IKEA!
Keep 'er lit Bro!
Wow, i found that to very insightful. Thanks
Arthur Mauseth says
After reading this article, it made me think of my neighbor. He has a foundation problem he had a bid on at the high end of $25,000. Knowing I lay brick, he asked if I could teach him enough to do the job on his own. Sure, "I said." Explained to him I had everything needed to do the job, but he would need to get a trowel. I've never been good at sharing tools. A week later, he is sitting on my porch with an implement barely big enough to butter my toast and a bricky contraption he purchased to lay down a perfect 3/8″ bed joint. Withholding a burst of snickering in my attempt to explain to him the device for all practical purposes, might be useless in this situation.
Attempting to emphasize several critical issues in pursuit of a pretty perfect bed joint won't matter much if your last course comes up short beneath the sill plate, backer rod, and caulk can't hold the weight of a house. If you end up high, trying to pound courses down is impossible to do in limited space. He continued to insist his research with the help of YouTube has him on the right track.
I opted to set him up in his garage with a mockup to lay brick with practice mortar to develop his skills.
Two years later, his foundation has deteriorated even more, and I can only guess the late night light beaming through his garage window is because he's still in pursuit of perfection, or getting ready to write a check.
Perfection may be the elusive foe, trust your eye and learn to adjust when needed.
What is this? The woodworking edition of The Emperor's New Clothes?!
As an old school teacher, I would say this is best way to train the new crop of traditional woodworkers, because this approach will ensure that no one will fail their training. "Not good enough" under the current standards is the new "Good Enough."
The best learning point of all comments here is…
When it is intentional, it is (fill in the blank, as you see fit).
Mark Dennehy says
Gave it a try :
http://www.stochasticgeometry.ie/2018/01/20/offset-shoulders/
Probably a small chest isn't the best place for it but maybe some sort of face frame between the chest and its lid could act like edge banding does on plywood and hide the gappy bits from view. I was seriously happy with how fast I could get the joints together though, no more chasing my tail fettling both shoulders of the joint.
Something to note though, is that if you're as cack-handed as I am, you'll wind up with too large an offset. Cutting the shoulder so you have a kerf or less of an offset needs a tad more skill than you'd expect!
So, since I can't saw to one side of a line but alway seem to drift down the middle, I figured I might as well draw the lines in different places. This seems to work well for small pieces:
http://www.stochasticgeometry.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IMG_2306a.jpg
Draw the face line, copy it round to the back with the square but only scratch on a few mm of the line on the back, flip the knife round, butt it against the line and the square against the knife, flip the knife round again and cut the back shoulder line. Gives you a nice small clean offset without very much faffing about at all.
VALERIO D'ANGELO says
what about dovetails?
There's a technique to go faster and to have a good look?
Valerio.
Baz says
Cabinet maker for over 40 years and this is bollocks.
A poor excuse for sloppy work.
Richard Maguire says
The words of a machinist.
I've basically been a roofer all my life.
As far as I was concerned, my way was the best way, the only way, wrong!
I didn't win the contracts to fit or fix or install all the roofs, just some of them.
Who the blazes done the other jobs, the enormous majority of the other jobs?
Other men! Other men with other ideas and techniques and systems.
Oh! I see!
Other men who thought and think that their way was the best way, the only way.
They're all men, hopefully doing the VERY best that they can. Men, who just like I did, when I was younger, refered to all the other ways, systems and techniques as …..
Bollocks!
Thank God, as I got older and hopefully, wiser, I understood that I was, in fact, the very centre of the universe and that my "OPINIONS" were completely valid BUT, everybody else is also the centre of the universe and THEIR opinions are also completely valid, as, sir, is YOURS.
What is your teaching/encouraging Youtube or other site called? I'd love to give you a wee visit to see how well YOU, teach and/or encourage others, like me to "Have a go".
I could go on forever here but all I'd be doing would be voicing opinions but, would be nothing more than "bollocks" and then more "bollocks" followed by yet more of the same.
Ah! Bollocks!
Can't even remember why I started to write this "bollocks".
You have a nice dayeee! Ya hear?
Hee! Hee! Hee! Load-a-bollocks!
Scruffy Dovetails – Richard Rants (Video)
To Trust Or Reinforce?
How To Make Wooden Pegs


text:
Q: Vagrant throws error when executing 'vagrant up' Earlier today my Homestead was working fine and using 'vagrant up' didn't cause any problems. I tried starting it a few minutes ago and I got this error:
C:/Users/Robin/embedded/mingw64/lib/ruby/2.4.0/json/common.rb:156:in `parse': 751: unexpected token at '' (JSON::ParserError)
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/mingw64/lib/ruby/2.4.0/json/common.rb:156:in `parse'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/vagrantfile.rb:181:in `machine_config'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/vagrantfile.rb:45:in `machine'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/environment.rb:719:in `machine'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/plugin/v2/command.rb:180:in `block in with_target_vms'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/plugin/v2/command.rb:213:in `block in with_target_vms'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/plugin/v2/command.rb:212:in `map'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/plugin/v2/command.rb:212:in `with_target_vms'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/plugins/commands/destroy/command.rb:45:in `block in execute'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/environment.rb:280:in `block (2 levels) in batch'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/environment.rb:278:in `tap'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/environment.rb:278:in `block in batch'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/environment.rb:277:in `synchronize'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/environment.rb:277:in `batch'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/plugins/commands/destroy/command.rb:44:in `execute'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/cli.rb:54:in `execute'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/lib/vagrant/environment.rb:294:in `cli'
    from C:/Users/Robin/embedded/gems/2.1.4/gems/vagrant-2.1.4/bin/vagrant:164:in `<main>'

I've looked the error up but all I can find is people telling there is a extra space or enter in the 'Homestead.yaml' file which is not the case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Well folks, I have been MIA for a hot minute and there's a good reason for that! We finally PCSed (moved) to Colorado. And this last month has been a busy one. We moved into our new home and got straight to work. From painting to replacing floors to installing lighting and arranging furniture. I'm still decorating, as a home owner's work is really never done. I even planted my first little flower garden in the bed under our bay window. I got the kids registered for school and extracurricular activities on post and even started my job search!
I have to admit though, this move has been particularly hard on my emotions. I wasn't prepared for that; after all, I had moved several times before now. But for some reason, this particular move hit me hard very suddenly, and in recent days, I have been left wondering how to deal. I didn't expect to miss my friends as much as I do. Living in Hawaii, I missed a lot that happened to family and friends on the mainland, but the good Lord blessed me with good friends who became like family. We only really had each other to lean on since we all were so far from other support systems. And in moving here, in a way, I felt that I somehow lost all that. I became sad, depressed even, and started re questioning my purpose yet again. I let all those self-doubts that I had worked so hard to get rid of come back and make me feel an overall sense of loss. And despite all the work I had accomplished in the short time that I've been here, I still feel lost.
I'm hoping that in time, especially with finding employment, I will get my mojo back. For those who are not familiar with military life, it is a lot of work for us spouses. It takes so much to up and move every 3 to 4 years, sometimes even every 2 years, to leave careers, lifestyles, a house you worked so hard to make a home, and friends that became your family. It's hard for your children to have to say goodbye to best friends. It takes work to physically move your life to a whole new world. And it is hard to make friends everywhere you go, while trying to maintain the friendships with those who have lived in one place their entire lives; who seem to have perfectly settled into their happy lives while you shape shift every few years. It's easy to feel lost in transition.
We are blessed though. Colorado is beautiful, the schools in our district are great, we have wonderful neighbors, and there is so so so much to do. The economy must be strong here too because there are so many job opportunities for spouses here, it is insane!!! So despite feeling lonely, stressed, and stretched to my limits, I am determined to make this a wonderful experience for myself and my family. I will pick up and I will make new friends. I will find a well-paying and satisfying job that could potentially turn into a career and I will make it a point to travel more often, visiting those I haven't seen in years! I owe you one and you know who you are!
Now can anyone help me with arranging my gallery wall?


text:
World Premiere of Leonard Bernstein's "Music for String Quartet"
Saturday, November 6 @ 7:30 pm
Event Category: Adults
Join us for a benefit concert to feature the world premiere of Leonard Bernstein's "Music for String Quartet" this fall at the Linde Center at Tanglewood. Proceeds from the concert will benefit the Stockbridge Library, Museum & Archives.
The concert also will include Bernstein's rarely performed "Piano Trio" (for violin, cello and piano), "Elegies" for violin and viola by Bernstein's close friend and colleague Aaron Copland, Mozart's Piano Quartet in G minor K. 478, and Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E flat, op. 44.
Bernstein wrote "Music for String Quartet" in 1936 at the age of 18. He asked an established quartet of young musicians in the Boston area to play through the piece, then gave the manuscript to the group's first violinist Stanley Benson, who later served as a long-time violinist for the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Benson and his wife Clara, also a violinist, held onto the piece for more than 50 years, but it has never been performed publicly.
The Bernstein family's publishing company, Amberson, has authorized this world premiere performance of the piece.
Bernstein's "Music for String Quartet" will be performed by a stellar ensemble of musicians: Malcolm Lowe, violinist and recently retired concertmaster of the BSO; Natalie Rose Kress, a Washington, D.C.-based violinist currently studying at The Juilliard School; violist Daniel Kim, who holds the Lois and Harlan Anderson chair at the BSO; Ronald Feldman, retired BSO cellist who now is music director of the Longwood Symphony Orchestra in Boston and the Berkshire Symphony at Williams College; and pianist Melvin Chen, who is Deputy Dean of the Yale Music School and director of Yale's Norfolk Chamber Music Festival.
Retired BSO Librarian John Perkel arranged to have the piece premiered as the centerpiece of the April 24, 2021 concert. He said: "Ever since the approach of the Leonard Bernstein Centennial, I was determined to make this amazing event a reality. When I finally received the authorization to perform the Bernstein string quartet, I went into action and engaged these fine musicians and chose repertoire closely associated with Bernstein."
According to Library Director Wendy Pearson, "We are delighted to host this world premiere as a benefit to fund cultural programming and community events for the Stockbridge Library, Museum & Archives."
The concert will be held at Studio E in Tanglewood's Linde Center and will be followed by a dessert reception at the adjacent Cindy's Café.
Linde Center at Tanglewood
3A W Hawthorne Rd
Lenox, MA 01240 United States + Google Map
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Market on Houston is an urban marketplace, café, and wine bar. Using local and seasonal ingredients, our downtown San Antonio restaurant offers farm-to-table contemporary American cuisine with a twist. Join us for our foodie happy hour on weekdays.
Come to the largest and most innovative contemporary Mexican restaurant and bar.
Sit back and enjoy a hot or cold cup of coffee at the best coffee house there is!
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The Original Blanco Cafe has been proudly serving authentic Tex-Mex since 1974!
Enjoy a nice cocktail before a show at the Majestic Theater in our awesome atmosphere here at The Palm.
Real ingredients and real culture. Try some of our healthy and delicious food options at La Panaderia.


Welcome to this meticulously maintained home where the ocean breeze is waiting for you! This home boosts gleaming hardwood floors a master bedroom with private bath. Kitchen and dining opens to a deck for your entertaining enjoyment. The lower level is bright and airy offering additional living space with expanded laundry room. You will fall in love with the generous sized yard situated on a corner lot with well maintained gardens and landscaping. Easy access to schools, beaches and shopping. I-95 merit parkway and train station for commuters. Don't miss out make an appointment today you wont be disappointed!


We are thrilled to unleash this new beast! An adult Roc - complete to scale!
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Please allow up to 2 weeks for delivery - these involve a lot of parts and assembly. Wizard minifigure not included. We are also working on an alternate version using blue and purple - please inquire if interested!


text:
Алгоритм Берлекэмпа — Мэсси — алгоритм поиска кратчайшего регистра сдвига с линейной обратной связью для поданной на вход бинарной последовательности. Также алгоритм позволяет найти минимальный многочлен поданной на вход линейной рекуррентной последовательности над произвольным полем.

Алгоритм был открыт Элвином Берлекэмпом в 1968 году. Применение алгоритма к линейным кодам было найдено Джеймсом Мэсси в следующем году. Это стало ключом для практического применения кодов Рида — Соломона.

Описание алгоритма
Алгоритм Б.М. — это альтернативный метод решения СЛАУ, который может быть описан так:

В примерах кода ниже, C(x) представляет Λ(x). Локатор ошибки C(x) для L ошибок определён как:

или задом наперёд:

Цель алгоритма — определить минимальное L и соответствующее ему C(x), которое даёт во всём синдроме ошибки

в итоге ноль:

Алгоритм:
C(x) инициализирован величиной 1, L обозначает текущее количество найденных ошибок на данный момент, и инициализирован нулём. N — общее количество элементов синдрома ошибки. n — главный счётчик, он же индекс элементов синдрома от 0 до (N-1). B(x) — копия последнего C(x) на момент обновления L, и инициализируется 1. b — копия последнего расхождения d (см.ниже) опять же, на момент обновления L и инициализируется 1. m — номер итераций, прошедших с обновления L, B(x), and b и тоже инициализирован единицей.

На каждой итерации вычисляется расхождение d. На k-й итерации оно будет:

Если d равно нулю, это значит C(x) и L на данный момент верны, достаточно инкрементировать m и продолжить итерации.

Если d ненулевое, алгоритм поправляет C(x) так, чтобы его обнулить d:

Умножение на xm — это, по сути, сдвиг коэффициентов B(x) на m, т. е. каждый коэффициент занимает место на m более старшего, чтобы соответствовать синдрому для b. Если в последний раз L обновляли на итерации j (а сейчас у нас k-я итерация), то m = k - j, а пересчитанное расхождение имеет вид:

То есть, подставляя, увидим, что оно обращается в нуль:

Также величину L (число найденных ошибок) иногда надо поправлять. Если L равно действительному числу ошибочных символов, то по ходу итераций расхождения обнулятся раньше, чем n станет более или равно (2 L). В противном случае L обновляется и алгоритм обновляет B(x), b, само L (увеличивается), а m сбрасывается в 1. Выражение L = (n + 1 - L) ограничивает L до количества доступных элементов синдрома, использованных для вычисления расхождений, и заодно решает задачу увеличения L более чем на единицу.

Пример кода

Алгоритм из :

  polynomial(field K) s(x) = ... /* coeffs are s_j; output sequence as N-1 degree polynomial) */
  /* connection polynomial */
  polynomial(field K) C(x) = 1;  /* coeffs are c_j */
  polynomial(field K) B(x) = 1;
  int L = 0;
  int m = 1;
  field K b = 1;
  int n;

  /* steps 2. and 6. */
  for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
    {
      /* step 2. calculate discrepancy */
      field K d = s_n + \Sigma_{i=1}^L c_i * s_{n-i};

      if (d == 0)
        {
          /* step 3. discrepancy is zero; annihilation continues */
          m = m + 1;
        }
      else if (2 * L <= n)
        {
          /* step 5. */
          /* temporary copy of C(x) */
          polynomial(field K) T(x) = C(x);

          C(x) = C(x) - d b^{-1} x^m B(x);
          L = n + 1 - L;
          B(x) = T(x);
          b = d;
          m = 1;
        }
      else
        {
          /* step 4. */
          C(x) = C(x) - d b^{-1} x^m B(x);
          m = m + 1;
        }
    }
  return L;

Алгоритм для двоичных последовательностей
 Задать требуемую последовательность битов .
 Создать массивы , ,  длины , задать начальные значения , , , , .
 Пока :
 Вычислить .
 Если , то текущая функция генерирует выбранный участок  последовательности; оставить функцию прежней.
 Если :
 Сохранить копию массива  в .
 Вычислить новые значения .
 Если , установить значения ,  и скопировать  в .
 .
 В результате массив  — функция обратной связи, то есть  для любых .

Примечания

Литература

 V. L. Kurakin, A. S. Kuzmin, A. V. Mikhalev, A. A. Nechaev. Linear recurring sequences over rings and modules. // I. of Math. Science. Contemporary Math. and it's Appl. Thematic surveys, vol. 10, 1994, I. of Math. Sciences, vol. 76, № 6, 1995.

Ссылки

 Weisstein, Eric W. Berlekamp-Massey Algorithm — MathWorld.

Реализация
 Online Implementation of Reed-Sloane and Berlekamp-Massey Over GF(P) Algorithms on SignalsLab
 GF(2) implementation in Mathematica

Алгоритмы
Теория кодирования
Ряды и последовательности

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sakho latest to join growing Palace injury list
Premier League - Southampton v Crystal Palace
(Reuters) - Crystal Palace defender Mamadou Sakho has joined the Premier League club's long injury list with a hamstring problem that could keep him out for a "considerable" period, manager Roy Hodgson said on Friday.
Centre back Sakho pulled his hamstring in Wednesday's 1-1 league draw with Norwich City, leaving Hodgson with a selection headache ahead of Sunday's FA Cup third-round meeting with Championship side (second tier) Derby County.
Defenders Patrick van Aanholt (thigh), Scott Dann (leg), Joel Ward (knee) and Jeffrey Schlupp (hip) are all out injured while Gary Cahill is back training following a knee issue.
"It (injury list) has been added to with Sakho pulling his hamstring against Norwich so he's going to be missing for a considerable period of time," Hodgson told a news conference.
"Cahill has done his first training session today which is positive, so maybe it's one in, one out in terms of training."
Hodgson said forward Wilfried Zaha would miss out due to a knock that he sustained against Norwich.
"Zaha played with an injury and it was touch and go if he was going to be on the field. It would be unlikely if we would do that to him again on Sunday," Hodgson added.
"We would want to put more resources into the FA Cup if we had them. It's a great competition but we have to balance what's available to us with what we can do, take the soundings from our sports science people and weigh the possible risks."
Former England and Manchester United skipper Wayne Rooney could feature for Derby having made his debut in Thursday's 2-1 win over Barnsley.
(Reporting by Shrivathsa Sridhar in Bengaluru, editing by Pritha Sarkar)


text:
module Rome2rio
  class Route
    attr_reader :name, :distance, :duration, :stops, :segments
    def initialize(json)
      @name = json["name"]
      @distance = json["distance"]
      @duration = json["duration"]
      @stops = []
      json["stops"].each { |stop| @stops << Stop.new(stop) }
      @segments = []
      json["segments"].each { |segment| @segments << Segment.new(segment) }
    end
  end
end


text:
Communism is represented by a variety of schools of thought, which broadly include Marxism, anarchism and the political ideologies grouped around both. All these hold in common the analysis that the current order of society stems from its economic system, capitalism, that in this system, there are two major social classes: the proletariat - who must work to survive, and who make up a majority of society - and the capitalist class - a minority who derive profit from employing the proletariat, through private ownership of the means of production, and that political, social and economic conflict between these two classes will trigger a fundamental change in the economic system, and by extension a wide-ranging transformation of society. The primary element which will enable this transformation, according to communism, is the social ownership of the means of production. Because of historical peculiarities, communism is commonly erroneously equated to Marxism-Leninism in mainstream usage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism
Related: Common connotations of RED • Points of view • ethiek • Economic Theory of Value
Socialism Socialism is a social and economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy,[1][2] as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system.[3][4] "Social ownership" may refer to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state ownership, citizen ownership of equity, or any combination of these.[5] There are many varieties of socialism and there is no single definition encapsulating all of them.[6] They differ in the type of social ownership they advocate, the degree to which they rely on markets or planning, how management is to be organised within productive institutions, and the role of the state in constructing socialism.[7] The socialist political movement includes a diverse array of political philosophies. Core dichotomies within the socialist movement include the distinction between reformism and revolutionary socialism and between state socialism and libertarian socialism.
Agrarianism Agrarianism has two common meanings. The first meaning refers to a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values.[1] It stresses the superiority of a simpler rural life as opposed to the complexity of city life, with its banks and factories. The American Thomas Jefferson was a representative agrarian who built Jeffersonian Democracy around the notion that farmers are "the most valuable citizens" and the truest republicans.[2] The philosophical roots of agrarianism include European and Chinese philosophers. Secondly, the term "agrarianism" means political proposals for land redistribution, specifically the distribution of land from the rich to the poor or landless. Philosophy[edit]
Capitalism The degree of competition, role of intervention and regulation, and scope of state ownership varies across different models of capitalism.[5] Economists, political economists, and historians have taken different perspectives in their analysis of capitalism and recognized various forms of it in practice. These include laissez-faire capitalism, welfare capitalism, crony capitalism and state capitalism; each highlighting varying degrees of dependency on markets, public ownership, and inclusion of social policies. The extent to which different markets are free, as well as the rules defining private property, is a matter of politics and policy. Many states have what are termed capitalist mixed economies, referring to a mix between planned and market-driven elements.[6] Capitalism has existed under many forms of government, in many different times, places, and cultures.[7] Following the demise of feudalism, capitalism became the dominant economic system in the Western world. Etymology[edit]
Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was "the first great war of the 20th century."[4] It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden; and the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. Russia sought a warm water port[5] on the Pacific Ocean, for their navy as well as for maritime trade. Passion (emotion) The term is also often applied to a lively or eager interest in or admiration for a proposal, cause, or activity or love – to a feeling of unusual excitement, enthusiasm or compelling emotion, a positive affinity or love, towards a subject. It is particularly used in the context of romance or sexual desire though it generally implies a deeper or more encompassing emotion than that implied by the term lust. The recent concerns of emotional intelligence have been to find a synthesis of the two forces—something that "turns the old understanding of the tension between reason and feeling on its head: it is not that we want to do away with emotion and put reason in its place, as Erasmus had it, but instead find the intelligent balance of the two".[5] A tension or dialectic between marriage and passion can be traced back in Western society at least as far as the Middle Ages, and the emergence of the cult of courtly love. Passion and desire go hand in hand, especially as a motivation.
Bolshevik The Bolsheviks were the majority faction in a crucial vote, hence their name. They ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.[6] The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia during the October Revolution phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and founded the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic which would later become the chief constituent of the Soviet Union in 1922. The Bolsheviks, founded by Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov, were by 1905 a major organization consisting primarily of workers under a democratic internal hierarchy governed by the principle of democratic centralism, who considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary working class of Russia. Their beliefs and practices were often referred to as Bolshevism. History of the split[edit]
Barter An 1874 newspaper illustration from Harper's Weekly, showing a man engaging in barter: offering chickens in exchange for his yearly newspaper subscription. The inefficiency of barter in archaic society has been used by economists since Adam Smith to explain the emergence of money, the economy, and hence the discipline of economics itself.[2] However, no present or past society has ever been seen through ethnographic studies to use pure barter without any medium of exchange, nor the emergence of money from barter.[3] Since the 1830s, direct barter in western market economies has been aided by exchanges which frequently utilize alternative currencies based on the labour theory of value, and designed to prevent profit taking by intermediators. Examples include the Owenite socialists, the Cincinnati Time store, and more recently Ithaca HOURS (Time banking) and the LETS system. Economic theory[edit]
Toussaint Louverture For the airport in Haiti see Toussaint Louverture International Airport. François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint-Louverture, Toussaint Bréda, nicknamed The Black Napoleon[1] (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803), was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military genius and political acumen transformed an entire society of slaves into the independent state of Haiti.[2] The success of the Haitian Revolution shook the institution of slavery throughout the New World.[3] Toussaint Louverture began his military career as a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in the French colony of Saint Domingue; he was by then a free black man. Initially allied with the Spaniards of neighboring Santo Domingo, Toussaint switched allegiance to the French when they abolished slavery. He gradually established control over the whole island and used political and military tactics to gain dominance over his rivals.
Negativity effect In psychology, the negativity effect is the tendency of people, when evaluating the causes of the behaviors of a person they dislike, to attribute their positive behaviors to the environment and their negative behaviors to the person's inherent nature. The negativity effect is the inverse of the positivity effect, which is found when people evaluate the causes of the behaviors of a person they like. Both effects are attributional biases. The negativity effect plays a role in producing the fundamental attribution error, a major contributor to prejudice.[according to whom?]
Nationalism Nationalism is a belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation. Nationalism involves national identity, by contrast with the related construct of patriotism, which involves the social conditioning and personal behaviors that support a state's decisions and actions.[1] From a psychological perspective, nationalism (national attachment) is distinct from other types of attachment, for example, attachment to a religion or a romantic partner. The desire for interpersonal attachment, or the need to belong, is one of the most fundamental human motivations. From a political or sociological perspective, there are two main perspectives on the origins and basis of nationalism.
Related: Supreme World Leader
Related: Common connotations of RED - Points of view - ethiek - Economic Theory of Value - Good Points About Life - points - points de pression - Common connotations of YELLOW - Common connotations of GREEN - Common connotations of BLUE - Economic - Economic History - Economic development - US since Wilson's 14 points - points tricot - Marxism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Leadership - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Democratic Party (United States) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - "Stuff No One Told Me" fun illustrations - Socialism - Wikipedia - Easter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Libertarianism - Wikipedia - Republican Party (United States) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Electricity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Water - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Health - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Love - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Best Teacher I Ever Had - Money - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Intelligence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Truth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Dear Human... - 9GAG - Volcano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Risk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - oKsGl.png (PNG Image, 640 × 369 pixels) - Capitalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Magic (paranormal) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Courage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Artige bilder


text:
To Barber, this was a significant phone call. For whatever reason, he committed to the Vols last spring over South Carolina and others. But his strongest ties are with the Gamecock program. He said he's been waiting to hear back from them before moving forward with his recruiting plans.
"Once they offer me the scholarship, it's going to be very huge for me and my family," he said. "I've got two of my god-brothers, Gerald Dixon and Gerald Dixon Sr., both played at South Carolina. I'm actually first cousin with Jadeveon Clowney. I'm tied in there a lot. My uncle, Tony Watkins, played there in the 90s."
Barber said he hasn't visited USC since December and he's looking forward to getting back to the campus and rekindling that old relationship he had prior to his Tennessee pledge.
"South Carolina was really hot with me at that point, they were like in the top three schools," he said. "Once I committed to Tennessee, South Carolina let me know they were still going to be on my trail, they were never going to let up. And when Coach Bentley called me this morning, he was like, 'Didn't I remind you that we would still be there?' And I'm like, you did say that."
Barber said he has offers from N.C. State, Florida State, Virginia Tech, Virginia, Notre Dame, Ole Miss, Syracuse and others. West Virginia, Maryland and Arizona also have been showing interest. This spring he has visited Virginia Tech, Georgia, North Carolina and NC State..
Last season, Barber help to re-establish the Rock Hill High program as a winner. He had 28 catches for 575 yards and 8 touchdowns.
▪ Dallas, Georgia 2021 linebacker Smael Mondon was offered by USC.
▪ Fort Lauderdale, Flordia 2022 offensive lineman Julian Armella was offered by the Gamecocks.
▪ Dublin, Ohio running back Mike Drennen (5-foot-11, 195 pounds) as offered by South Carolina. Some of his other offers are Ohio State, Alabama, Tennessee, Notre Dame, Penn State and Auburn.
▪ Charlotte linebacker Trenton Simpson, a USC s and Clemson target, visited Georgia Tuesday.
▪ Gamecocks offensive lineman commitment Issiah Walker of Miami visited Miami for a scrimmage Saturday and later told CaneSports, "My recruitment is still open so I'm open to every school." Walker also has visited Florida, Florida State and Central Florida and said LSU and Penn State also remain high with him.
Blythewood defeated Rock Hill 33-14 Friday at District Three Stadium. ANDY BURRISS Special to The Herald


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Any recommendations for a Raspberry case with HifiBerry yet? I was thinking that the case for PiFace should be big enough, but it's quite expensive.
We're still working on this. We are in discussion with a vendor of HiFiBerry cases for a special HiFiBerry case, but it is not confirmed yet.
I just ordered the Short-Crust case and I hope the board will fit without the conectors.
I´ve two questions on this.
1. is it possible to solder the connectors (RCA and/or Lowprofile-Jack) also on the bottom side of the HiFiBerry?
2. Is it physically possible to simple use the Jack-Connector of the RPi-Board or replace the RCA- and Jack-Connector of the RPi with a pair of RCAs connected to the HiFiBerry?
mounting the connectors from the bottom won't work, as there is a electrolytic capacitor blocking the space.
Replacing the connectors on the board is an idea. You can just remove some unused connectors and use the place for your audio connectors.


Neighbor to Neighbor's HUD and CHFA approved Homebuyer Education class provides a wide range of information about the home purchase process. Our class is available to all that are interested, whether you are just starting to explore the option of homeownership or you are about to close.
This class is for adults only. At this time, we do not provide child care services in conjunction with this class.
This class is English speaking only. Please check the CHFA website for Spanish speaking classes in Colorado. If you have further questions please don't hesitate to call 970-488-2362.
This class is all day. Each class runs from 9am until 3:30pm. Also, you will not receive credit for course if you miss more than 15 minutes of class.
Class locations vary. Each class will be located in Fort Collins or Loveland.
Complete all information to register. You will receive a confirmation email.
Only one person per household needs to complete a profile and register for class.


The program fee is to cover food, accommodation, transportation to the project site as well as project cost and coordination cost.
The workcamp named "School brightening up" is projected to take place at Lao Cai boarding school in Muong Khuong town, Lao Cai province. This workcamp is organized by VPV, in cooperation with the Center for Global Education Link (GEL). Muong Khuong town is 50km to the Northeast of Lao Cai city, with the border line of 86,5km with China to the Northwest. As a mountainous town, Muong Khuong has a lot of mountain ranges and narrow valeys. There are 14 ethnic groups living in the town, with H'Mong being the biggest group. Lao Cai boarding school was founded in 2009 in Muong Khuong town to provide educational environment and shelter for children in Lao Cai province to come to learn and stay. Currently, there are nearly 500 students attending this school, grouping in 14 classes from grade 6th to grade 12th. The students are from all 14 ethnic groups, with H'Mong and Nung students being the majority. If they don't stay at school, they will have to travel between 20 and 40km every day to get to school. The students speak their own languages at home; at school, they are taught and speak Vietnamese. They are taught English as well but due to the lack of practice and interaction with foreigners, their English is not well developed yet.
The title of the workcamp, "school brightening up", literally refers to the idea that we would carry out some activities to make the school look nicer and brighter such as painting wall murals, redecorating the playgrounds, planting flowers,… In a broader sense, it relates to our bigger goal: through these activities, we expect to create a nice, cozy and friendly atmosphere at this school, which would encourage the students to stay at school and enjoy studying. The main activities include: •	Cleaning the playground •	Planting flowers and small trees on the playground •	Decorating the playground with flower pots and recyled materials (old tyres, plastic bottles…) •	Painting wall murals (around classrooms) •	Creating English learning corners (painting wall murals with numbers or vocabulary in English; or creating an English bookshelf…) •	Exchanging cultures with local students and people (with traditional games and performances) •	Other activities based on volunteers' ideas and the school's needs.
Volunteers will stay at the school dormitory with basic living conditions. Volunteers should prepare for basic bathroom and toilet facilities. There will be bunk beds and mosquito nets. Volunteers should bring a sleeping bag. Electricity, internet, clean water is available but limited. There is no water heater, no air-conditioner, and no washing machine. Volunteers can eat at the school canteen or eat out at some restaurants nearby (1 or 2 km from the school). Food will mostly be locally sourced and cooked. Those who have special diet should inform VPV beforehand.
In the evening, we will have some bonding activities like Vietnamese lessons for international volunteers or group games. Volunteers are encouraged to come to the workcamp with ideas for group activities of the camp. Weekend Volunteers will have 2 days off on Saturday and Sunday at the end of the 1st week of camp. Volunteers can stay in Muong Khuong area to discover the local village. There are a number of caves, mountains and water falls for those who like trekking. There are mandarin gardens, night market and Sunday market for those who want to discover local life. Muong Khuong is not a tourist attraction, which makes it a perfect place for those who want to learn about authentic life of local people. Alternatively, volunteers can travel to Sapa, one tourist attraction in Lao Cai province. Volunteers can travel to Sapa on Saturday morning and come back to the school on Sunday afternoon. Sapa has stunning lanscape and scenery but at the same time it is very touristic. Nevertheless, it can still be a place of interest for those who want to experience some lively night life or to have a pizza bite on the weekend. Volunteers can also leave the village on Friday afternoon and take the bus back to Ha Noi or other provinces to see other remarkable places in Vietnam. If volunteers stay at the village over the weekend, food and accommodation are still provided. Those who travel to Sapa or other provinces will need to take care of their own food and transportation.
Volunteers should be motivated, responsible, open-minded and flexible. At the same time, volunteers should be in good health conditions.
Volunteers For Peace Vietnam (VPV) is a non-profit, voluntary organization founded in 2005 with the aim to promote voluntary service as a mean of cultural and educational exchange among people, for peace and friendship, and as an approach to address social problems. VPV is a full member of the UNESCO's Coordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service (CCIVS) and of the Network for Voluntary Development in Asia (NVDA). VPV is also a partner of the ALLIANCE of European Voluntary Organizations, the International Cultural Youth Exchange Federation (ICYE) and Service Civil International (SCI) VPV is officially recognized by the Government of Vietnam/Permit No. BM330. VPV is organizing international workcamps and SLMTV placements in different projects (teaching/education, healthcare and HIV/AID prevention, organic farm and sustainable agriculture, conservation, community development, etc). VPV is also sending Vietnamese volunteers abroad.


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ISG Business Support Unit is a front office support/ control function within ICG responsible for the approval process of the KYC Record within Citi's KYC risk management programme. The unit is responsible for ensuring compliance with both local regulatory requirements and Citigroup standards for Anti-Money Laundering (AML).
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View information on services available at the Cleveland Municipal Airport.
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Browse through the rules and regulations of the Cleveland Memorial Cemetery and the Precinct 20 Cemetery.
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text:
How to Draw Deidara
Artist: Dawn / December 31, 2008
Okay start this first step by drawing out the basic guidelines and shapes to form a nice frame for Deidara. Start with a circle for the head and then add the facial guidelines. You will then add the lines of position for the body, arms, legs, and jacket.
In this next step you will start drawing out the actual image of Deidara starting with the line of his hair style. Now you will draw a line to cover the right side of his face with a long bang strip. After that draw out the eye and eyebrow and then add the lining for his collar which is erect. Once that is done shape out the jacket and then start drawing out the left leg.
You have now reached step three and here in this section you will sketch out the hair style in more detail. His hair is above the shoulder with a curved pony-tail on the top of his head as seen here. You will then detail the headband a bit and then detail the collar of the jacket. Once that is done draw out the eye in more detail and then add a nose and mouth. You will also add the finger lines and shapes as well as the sleeve on the left arm and his legs down below.
Here in step four you will finish off the hair or pony-tail and then finish off the detailing of his eye. Once that is done finish drawing out Deidara's coat and then add some wrinkle or crease lines. You will thicken the fingers and draw out the mouth and hanging sleeve.
This is your last drawing step and what you will do now is add the remaining detail as shown to you here. Give the mouth on his palm some teeth and a tongue and then detail his chest. Add the sporadic designs which look like clouds on his coat and then start erasing all the guidelines and shapes that you drew in step one.
Once you are done your anime Naruto character should come out looking like the one you see here. You have just completed this tutorial on how to draw Deidara from Naruto step by step. All you have left to do is color him in.
More From Dawn
Artist: Dawn
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Description: Well this is another anime tutorial on a very popular character from a very popular anime series. For my second lesson of the day I will be showing you "how to draw Deidara, step by step". Now for those of you that are Naruto fans, you already know the basics or specs on this character. But for those of you that have no idea who this blonde headed teen is, I will fill you in on the 411. First off I said "teen" because it is believed that Deidara is between sixteen to eighteen years old. Now at first glance you would think that this Naruto character is a female right? I know because that is what I thought when I first watched an episode with him in it. Deidara is very much a male with feminine appeal. Don't let his looks fool you, although he looks like a girl his voice and actions proves otherwise. Deidara is one of the bad guys in the Naruto anime series. He is a member of Akatsuki and was very hesitant at first to join with the others. The Akatsuki is lead by Pein and it was him that wanted to recruit Deidara as a member. He sent Itachi to get him to join and it was then that the two battled. Deidara has a mouth on the palms of both hands that he uses as a skill to defeat enemies and foes. In the beginning he was a skilled ninja in Iwagakure. Eventually he left the village so that he could train and learn from his skill on a more frequent basis. He later became a terrorist bomber that was readily available to anyone that was willing to pay for his services. Deidara was later confronted by three members of Pein's clan and he had no choice but to join and become part of Akatsuki due to the fact that his challenger Itachi was much stronger than he. All in all Deidara is a cool looking character and his mouths on his hands make him even cooler looking. This tutorial will show you "how to draw Deidara" with easy to follow steps and simple to read instructions. I will be back again with more drawing fun so stay tuned gang there is more on the way.


The BPOs good source of money: take care of your healthy mind.
The Business Process Out sources (BPO) has been very prosperous where only requisite ability is the high ranking spoken English tinged with foreign accent since the candidates have to deal with overseas clientele. The stint in the BPO industry is most enjoyable, since the money they receive is decent. The workload is so grave that takes toll on mental and physical hygiene of BPO employees. Read the inside story which has sweet as well sour.
The BPO industries direct young men or women who have an excellent and fluent way of speaking in English, almost very nearer to that of an American or European. There is absolutely no necessary of graduation in any discipline except a will to work whole of the night and sleep well next day. The pay drawn is handsome, and the economic value of these youngsters are in greater esteem, most are owning brand new two wheelers and some have cars too.
There are nearly thousands of Multi National Companies (MNC) running as call centres otherwise known as BPOs in India and in Chennai alone there exist more than 200 companies. Madurai has nearly 50 companies and Trichy has about three.
The global corporate outsource customer relations from India are slashing down their costs, taking advantage of young men and women who are willing to work all through the night. The Indian counterpart is happy worth the income that is handsome, but to the foreign customer such things are very cheap comparing to the highly paid working force if they have to run such units in their country.
In an average a good English speaking Indian candidate, even fresher obtains a pay of Rs.8000 to Rs.12, 000 initally as probationer with all factory benefits such as medical insurance, provident fund et al. The care has to be called in to assess whether the BPOs are genuine because most have closed shutters.
The lucky ones are those who work in a permanent BPO. In case the BPO fails, the candidate cannot work in day time immediately; since he/she they have no qualification, they cannot work else where. The candidate has two types of work, namely inbound and outbound calls.
The normal human biological clock at night when it says, "Sleep", he/or she if does not obey the natural order, disregarding this natural factor in Call Centre, he/ she is constrained to take important decisions, that need more precision and perfection, dealing with most sensitive issues with the counterpart sitting in overseas countries. Since the candidates work in the nights, their biological time is reversed, and in the beginning they are suppressed from sleeping mechanism, and in due course the body is conditioned that the most essential hormones cut down its process, and the person working whole night finds stress, and put to peer pressures.
The mental jerk is so heavy that the subconscious mind constantly tries to cope up with the mind and body sometimes, it succeeds and sometimes it fails. When the brain's processes fail, the subject becomes totally bewildered running the risk of mental hygiene and stress prone.
Women candidates engaged in BPOs find job risky since the transportation though free from the management, and monopoly of men in the entire call centre and all these lead, and also there are cases in sexual assault and murder. There is all possibility that extra socializing amongst men and women being spoken in hush.
Few years ago,The Sun TV made a documentary on the workers BPO and it was a good telling story of bright side and plights BPO workers.


text:
Le allegre fanciulle di Vienna (Die lustigen Weiber von Wien) è un film del 1931 diretto da Géza von Bolváry.

Trama

Produzione
Il film fu prodotto dalla Super-Film GmbH (Berlin).

Musiche
Das Lied von Vater - musica di Robert Stolz, parole di Walter Reisch
Ich liebe nur die Eine - musica di Robert Stolz, parole di Armin Robinson e Walter Reisch
Spatzenlied - musica di Robert Stolz, parole di Armin Robinson & Walter Reisch
I Only Love One - musica di Robert Stolz, parole di Samuel Lerner

Le musiche del film sono condotte dall'autore, Robert Stolz e sono eseguite da Lewis Ruth e da Irene Eisinger.

Distribuzione
Distribuito dalla Super-Film Verleih GmbH, uscì nelle sale cinematografiche tedesche il 6 marzo 1931.
La Capitol Film Exchange distribuì il film senza sottotitoli negli Stati Uniti proiettandolo il 9 luglio 1931 a New York.

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Film commedia


text:
Q: Find $\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}\right)\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n}x^3_{i}\right)$ maximum and minimum on the unit $n$-sphere
Let $x_{i}\in \mathbb R$ $(i=1,2,\dots,n)$, $S_{k}=x^k_{1}+x^k_{2}+\cdots+x^k_{n}$, and
$S_{2}=1$. Find the maximum and minimum of $S_{1}S_{3}$.

If $x_{i}>0$, then using Cauchy-Schwarz inequality we have
$$S_{1}S_{3}\ge (S_{2})^2=1.$$
But for real numbers $x_{i}$ it seems hard, and I have note $-1\le x_{i}\le 1$. So $S_{1}S_{3}$ exist maximum and minmum of the value when $n=2$, since $S_{2}=x^2_{1}+x^2_{2}=1$, then let $x_{1}=\cos{a},x_{2}=\sin{a}$. So
$$S_{1}S_{3}=(\sin{a}+\cos{a})(\sin^3{a}+\cos^3{a})=(1+2\sin{a}\cos{a})(1-\sin{a}\cos{a})=(1+\sin{(2a)})(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\sin{(2a)})=(1+t)(1-\dfrac{1}{2}t)=-\dfrac{1}{2}(t-\frac{1}{2})^2+\dfrac{9}{8}\in [0,\dfrac{9}{8}]$$
where $t=\sin{(2a)}$, and when $t=-1$ and $t=\frac{1}{2}$ take the minimum and maximum of the value.

A: Define a mean $m$ with $n m = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}$.
Define deviations $d_i = x_i -m$, where obviously $\sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{i} = 0$. Since $1 = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^2 = n m^2 + \sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{i}^2$ we have $|m| < 1/\sqrt n$. Let's continue working with fixed $m$ in the following, and come back to the discussion of $m$ later.
Now write the target function
$$
F = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}\sum_{i=1}^{n}x^3_{i} = nm (nm^3 + 3 m  \sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{i}^2 +  \sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{i}^3) = n^2m^4 + 3 n m^2(1-nm^2) +  n m \sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{i}^3
$$
For the last term, we would like to use some known result. Let $d_i = \sqrt{1 - n m^2} a_i$, then $\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^2 = 1$ and
$$
F = n^2m^4 + 3 n m^2(1-nm^2) +  n m (1 - nm^2)^{3/2} \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^3
$$
So for bounding the last term, the question arises about the maximum and minimum of $\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^3$ under the constraints $\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i} = 0$ and $\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^2 = 1$. This has been solved for example here, showing that
$$
- \frac{n-2}{\sqrt{n(n-1)}} \le \sum_ia_i^3 \le \frac{n-2}{\sqrt{n(n-1)}}.
$$
Building this into the target function, we get that the maximum (for some $m$) is achieved for  $m$ and $\sum_ia_i^3$ having the same sign, giving
$$
F_{max}(|m|) = n^2m^4 + 3 n m^2(1-nm^2) +  n |m| (1 - nm^2)^{3/2} \frac{n-2}{\sqrt{n(n-1)}}
$$
Conversely, the minimum is achieved for  $m$ and $\sum_ia_i^3$ having opposite sign, giving
$$
F_{min}(|m|) = n^2m^4 + 3 n m^2(1-nm^2) -  n |m| (1 - nm^2)^{3/2} \frac{n-2}{\sqrt{n(n-1)}}
$$
Since $n m^2 \le 1$, one can write $nm^2 = \cos(x)^2$ and bring this into the form
$$
F(x) = \cos(x)^4 + 3 \cos(x)^2\sin(x)^2 \pm  \cos(x) \sin(x)^3 \frac{n-2}{\sqrt{n-1}} \quad \tag{1}
$$
however this does not appear to provide easier solutions, so it was not followed further on. It is useful for a large-$n$ discussion, see bottom.
This leaves us with  the discussion of $m$. We have that the global $
F_{max} = {\max}_{|m|}{F_{max}(|m|)}
$ and likewise the global $
F_{min} = {\min}_{|m|}{F_{min}(|m|)}
$.
For $n=2$, we have in the range $0 \le |m| \le 1/\sqrt{2}$ that $F_{max} = {\max}_{|m|}4m^4 + 6 m^2(1-2m^2) = 9/8 $ at $|m|≈0.61 < 1/\sqrt 2 $ and  $F_{min} = {\min}_{|m|}4m^4 + 6 m^2(1-2m^2) = 0 $  at $|m|=0$ , as was already stated in the  question.
For general $n$, closed form results are not directly obtainable. For example, for $n=3$ we have (using WolframAlpha) that
$
F_{max} = {\max}_{|m|}9 m^4 + 9 m^2 (1 - 3 m^2) + \sqrt{3/2} |m| (1 - 3 m^2)^{3/2}
≈1.22307$ at $|m|≈0.46416 < 1/\sqrt 3$
and
$
F_{min} = {\min}_{|m|}9 m^4 + 9 m^2 (1 - 3 m^2) - \sqrt{3/2} |m| (1 - 3 m^2)^{3/2}
≈-0.040397$ at $|m|≈0.065262 < 1/\sqrt 3$
For $n=4$, WolframAlpha provides $
F_{max}≈1.30667$ at $|m|≈0.38302$ and $F_{min}≈-0.102869$ at $|m|≈0.086824$.
One observes that with rising $n$, maxima get higher and minima lower.
Indeed, when observing eq. (1), for large $n$ the first two terms have no relation to $n$ and stay of order $1$, whereas  the last term grows with roughly $\propto \sqrt{n}$. Since the maximum of $ \cos(x) \sin(x)^3$ is $3 \sqrt{3}/16 \simeq 0.325$, we have that $F_{max} {{n \; {\text{large}}} \atop {\to}} \simeq 0.325 \sqrt{n}$  and $F_{min} {{n \; {\text{large}}} \atop {\to}} \simeq - 0.325 \sqrt{n}$.


Disclosure and reporting regulation is a central and recurring policy issue that has received significant attention in academic research on accounting, finance, and economics. Further fueling demand for this research are increasingly frequent requests that policy makers and regulators conduct cost-benefit or economic analyses of both existing and planned regulations and standards.
In a recent paper, we review the empirical literature on the economic consequences of disclosure and financial reporting regulation, drawing on U.S. and international evidence. We also extensively review the literature on mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Our efforts are timely, because three developments have spurred disclosure and financial reporting regulation around the world. First, a series of financial crises and corporate scandals have prompted calls for regulatory reform. The Asian financial crisis of 1997, the Enron scandal in the U.S., and the financial crisis in 2008 are important examples. In the aftermath of these events, policy makers and regulators enacted significant changes to disclosure and reporting regulation. Second, over the past decade many countries have adopted IFRS in an attempt to increase the harmonization and global convergence of accounting rules and reporting standards. Third, debates in various nations about the competitiveness of their capital markets and the increasing internationalization of capital markets have spurred discussions about reforms to securities and disclosure regulation. In addition, disclosure regimes are increasingly applied in areas such as product quality, consumer protection, conflicts of interest, environmental policy, and health care, where mandatory disclosure substitutes for regulation that explicitly requires or restricts certain behaviors. This widespread use of disclosure regulation underscores the importance of disclosure and transparency as a research topic and highlights that it is important to understand the economic effects of disclosure regulation in areas beyond accounting and finance.
From a theoretical perspective, the argument in favor or against regulating disclosure and reporting is not obvious. Furthermore, the relative magnitudes of costs and benefits of a mandate are largely an empirical matter. For this reason, we focus on empirical evidence of the trade-offs in regulating disclosure and reporting. We highlight the challenges of (i) quantifying regulatory costs and benefits, (ii) measuring disclosure and reporting outcomes, and (iii) drawing causal inferences from regulatory studies. We particularly emphasize issues related to research design and identification. Identification and causal inferences are of first-order importance for policy and regulatory debates. Lack of identification gives rise to alternative explanations and raises concerns about the interpretation of the estimated magnitudes, which in turn restricts researchers' ability to inform policy makers and regulators.
We first discuss empirical studies that link disclosure and reporting activities to firm-specific and market-wide economic outcomes. Understanding these links is important when evaluating regulation as they illustrate the existence of certain costs and benefits from corporate disclosure and reporting activities.
Next, we synthesize the empirical evidence on the economic effects of disclosure regulation, enforcement, and reporting standards, with a focus on the introduction of new disclosure mandates as well as major extensions of the entire disclosure regime, international differences in disclosure regulation, and evidence on mandatory IFRS adoption.
We draw several important conclusions. First, we generally lack evidence on market-wide effects and externalities from regulation, yet such evidence is central to the economic justification of regulation. Regulatory studies document primarily economic consequences for individual firms in a market or an economy. But we need more evidence that reporting standards and disclosure regulation produce (positive) information spillovers, externalities, or network effects and on the magnitudes of these effects. Second, evidence on causal effects of disclosure and reporting regulation is still relatively rare. Studies often struggle to identify counterfactuals, unaffected control groups, or natural experiments that would allow a clean identification of the regulatory effects and their economic consequences. For most regulatory changes, we are unable to provide causal estimates of the costs and benefits, let alone elasticities for the capital-market effects and other outcomes of disclosure and reporting mandates. Thus, while we have a lot of evidence that is qualitatively useful, we are still far from being able to perform quantitative cost-benefit analyses. Third, we lack evidence on the real effects of disclosure and reporting regulation. We have much less evidence on how disclosure regulation affects corporate behavior than on its capital-market effects, which reflects among other things the behavior of investors and financial analysts. These limitations provide many new research opportunities.
Finally, to make significant progress with respect to the (causal) estimation of regulatory effects and cost-benefit analysis, researchers likely need help from legislators and regulators. If we want better economic analysis, then we need to design regulation with ex-post analysis in mind. For example, regulators could consider including thresholds or implementing the rules in a staggered fashion, which facilitates economic analyses. We also discuss that legislators and regulators should consider the data necessary to conduct ex-post analyses and how such data could be made available. In addition, we need more pilot studies and field experiments. Such studies would facilitate ex-ante economic analysis and could mitigate the risks of unintended consequences.
This post comes to us from Professor Christian Leuz at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business and Professor Peter D. Wysocki at Boston University's Questrom School of Business. It is based on their recent paper, "The Economics of Disclosure and Financial Reporting Regulation: Evidence and Suggestions for Future Research," available here.


text:
Main › Diplomacy › Andriy Yermak discusses support for Ukraine with representatives of Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights
Andriy Yermak discusses support for Ukraine with representatives of Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights
Head of the Office of the President of Ukraine Andriy Yermak met with representatives of the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights, founded by human rights defender Irwin Kotler. The organization is a unique international consortium of parliamentarians, scholars, jurists, human rights defenders, representatives of NGOs and students united in the pursuit of justice.
Yermak briefed the meeting participants on the struggle of Ukrainians for the independence and territorial integrity of their state and the mechanisms that our country uses to support this struggle from the side of the world community.
The Head of the Office of the President highly appreciated the work of the Centre and the expert report "An Independent Legal Analysis of the Russian Federation's Breaches of the Genocide Convention in Ukraine and the Duty to Prevent" prepared by it.
"Russia is committing genocide in Ukraine against the Ukrainian nation, in particular by inciting it in the Russian mass media, carrying out the forced transfer of children and the killing of Ukrainians," Yermak said.
He expressed his conviction that the international community must condemn the genocide of Ukrainians and bring all those responsible to justice.
Yermak emphasized the importance of recognizing Russia as a terrorist state, creating a tribunal to investigate the crime of aggression against Ukraine and crimes against prisoners of war.
The head of the President's Office also said that after the victory, important qualitative changes and development await our country, so world support will be extremely relevant.
In this regard, Chair of the Raoul Wallenberg Centre Jay Rosenzweig said that the donors of its foundation are interested in helping Ukraine, in particular, in the issue of reconstruction.
The head of the President's Office called for joining the UNITED24 global platform to help Ukraine and support the events that are taking place on the initiative of First Lady Olena Zelenska – participate in them personally and involve famous people.
Tags: Andriy Yermak Human Rights Olena Zelenska UNITED24
Losses of Russia for the period from FEB 24 to SEP 11
The government handed over 226,964.7 ha for permanent use to the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve
Canada will send four Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine
Japan International Cooperation Agency resumes work in Ukraine


Born and educated in Budapest, Hungary.
2000 Portraits, Nudes and Lovers.
1996 Ho! Ho! It's the Christmas Show!
2008 The Courier, May 7.
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2007 Adelaide Review, issue 324, August 31 – September 13.
2003 Northern Argus, July 30.
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1988 Weekly Times, May 6.
1998 dB Magazine, issue 169, 22 April – 5 May.
1997 dB Magazine, issue 147, 2 – 15 July.


text:
Q: Equations in Analytic Geometry There are many equations in Analytic Geometry like  equation of a line, equation of a plane etc.
My question:
1) Why  equations instead of functions?
2) Why do equations almost always equal zero?

A: Compilation of Arturo Magidin's  comments:
(1) Functions are rules that associate every valid input to one and only one valid output. Equations are expressions that express an equality (hence "equation", get it?) between two things. The lines, planes, circles, etc. consist of all points that "satisfy the equation" (that, when plugged into the equation, yield a true statement about numbers). A function would be a relation between inputs and outputs, which is something different.
(2) Because every equation can be rewritten so that it is an equation "equal to 0"; that provides uniformity, and it also makes certain properties clearer.  E.g., it is easier to see what are the points that satisfy the equation $(x−1)(x−2)=0$ than to see what are the points that satisfy the equation $x^2+2=3x$, even though both equations correspond to the same set of points. –


text:
Werner Loch (* 11. Mai 1928 in Idar-Oberstein; † 2. April 2010 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Pädagoge und Professor für Pädagogik.

Biographie
Werner Loch besuchte in Idar-Oberstein die Göttenbach-Oberrealschule (heute: Göttenbach-Gymnasium), an der er das Abitur ablegte. Anschließend studierte er an den Pädagogischen Akademien in Bad Neuenahr und Worms und wurde Volksschullehrer in Mainz. 1953 heiratete er Waltraud Malkus (1932–2013). Ebendort sowie in Tübingen führte er neben seiner Lehrertätigkeit sein Studium in den Fächern Pädagogik und Philosophie an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen fort. Dort wurde Loch im Jahre 1958 bei Otto Friedrich Bollnow mit einer Arbeit über "Pädagogische Untersuchungen zum Begriff der Begegnung" promoviert. Noch zwei Jahre nach der Promotion blieb Loch Assistent am Pädagogischen Seminar der Universität Tübingen.

1961 wurde er als Professor für Pädagogik an die PH Oldenburg in Oldenburg (seit 1974 zur Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg gehörig) berufen. Loch fuhr gemeinsam mit seinem dortigen Kollegen Hans-Jochen Gamm und Oldenburger Studenten an die Berliner Universität in der DDR, wo sie u. a. Wolf Biermann und Lothar Bolz trafen. Im Jahre 1964 nahm er einen Ruf der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg an. Während seiner Zeit dort erlebte er die Studentenbewegung, welche ihn in der Anfertigung seiner biographischen Erziehungstheorie deutlich beeinflusste.

Die Professur in Erlangen-Nürnberg behielt er bis 1970, als er dem Ruf der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel folgte. Er besetzte als Ordinarius den Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik in der Nachfolge des nicht unumstrittenen Theodor Wilhelm. Differenzen zeigten sich z. B. in den Auffassungen der Studentenbewegung. Loch lebte während seiner Zeit in Kiel mit seiner Familie in Flintbek. Er blieb bis 1994 im Amt. Sein Nachfolger wurde Wilhelm J. Brinkmann. Bis 2008 publizierte Loch weiter. Am 2. April 2010 starb er im Alter von 81 Jahren in Berlin.

Arbeitsschwerpunkte
Anfänglich befasste sich Loch mit dem Grenzbereich zwischen Theologie und Pädagogik (beispielsweise mit dem Begriff der Begegnung) sowie mit disziplinhistorischen und wissenschaftstheoretischen Themen. Ab Mitte der 1960er-Jahre begann er mit der Ausarbeitung  einer biographischen Erziehungstheorie, die im reziproken Bezug zum Lebenslauf steht. Als grundlegendes Werk gilt "Lebenslauf und Erziehung" (1979). Dabei nahm er einerseits Helmuth Plessners offene Frage in der Anthropologie und andererseits die von Karl Bednarik diagnostizierte Lerngesellschaft (so der Titel eines 1966 erschienenen Werkes) zum Ausgangspunkt seiner Theorie. Wegen der Unbestimmbarkeit des Menschen und dem vorherrschenden Zwang zum lebenslangen Lernen sei der Mensch über seine gesamte Lebenszeit auf Lernhilfen angewiesen, um ein Leben in Würde und Mündigkeit führen zu können. Die selbst erfahrene Erziehung würde nur durch eine Prospektion auf das spätere Leben legitim, während sich ein erfülltes Leben in Mündigkeit nur aktualisiere, wenn es zuvor eine entsprechende Erziehung gegeben hat, da der als homo discens verstandene Mensch "zur sinnvollen Entwicklung seiner Anlagen notwendig auf Erziehung angewiesen ist".

Phänomenologische und hermeneutische Methoden dienten der Ausarbeitung und Formulierung dieser Theorie. Damit stand Loch methodisch in der Tradition seines Lehrers Bollnow, der seinerseits als Schüler von Herman Nohl die geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik zu vertreten verstand.

Nach Loch hat Erziehung die Funktion der Enkulturationshilfe zur Selbsterhaltung in Würde. Loch selbst war es, der den Begriff der Enkulturation vom US-amerikanischen Anthropologen Melville J. Herskovits übernahm und ihn 1968 in die deutsche Erziehungswissenschaft einführte. Diese Funktionsbestimmung verhinderte einerseits die Verleugnung des Kindes in der Pädagogik und erlaubte es gleichzeitig, pädagogische Lernhilfen über den gesamten Lebenslauf einen legitimen Status zuzuweisen.

Über einen Zeitraum von über 40 Jahren baute Loch die biographische (oder: egologische) Erziehungstheorie immer weiter aus und um. Zur Veranschaulichung seiner Theorie bediente er sich diverser Schemata wie dem Kreuz der Erziehung, dem Kreis der Erziehung oder den 22 Entwicklungsstufen menschlicher Lernfähigkeit. Nebenher veröffentlichte Loch weiterhin Aufsätze zum Beruf des Lehrers, zur Rolle der Sprache in der Erziehung sowie zu  Demokratisierungsprozessen in der Pädagogik. Die letzten Veröffentlichungen befassen sich schwerpunktmäßig mit der Analyse von Autobiographien. Auch scheint sich das Interesse für theologische und wissenschaftstheoretische Fragestellungen zuletzt wieder verstärkt zu haben. Zu einer zusammenfassenden Veröffentlichung seiner biographischen Erziehungstheorie kam es nicht mehr.

Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)
Die folgenden Schriften sind eine chronologisch geordnete Auswahl der wichtigsten Schriften Lochs. Insgesamt hat Loch ca. 125 fast ausschließlich unselbstständige Werke veröffentlicht. Darüber hinaus war er Herausgeber diverser Schriftenreihen. Er edierte mit Jakob Muth die Reihe "neue pädagogische Bemühungen" (100 Bände) und mit Harm Paschen und Gerhard Priesemann die Reihe "Sprache und Lernen: Internationale Studien zur pädagogischen Anthropologie". Außerdem war er (Mit-)Herausgeber der Zeitschrift "Das neue Erlangen".

 Der pädagogische Sinn der anthropologischen Betrachtungsweise. In: Bildung und Erziehung 18 (1965), H. 3. S. 164–180.
 Homo discens. In: Peege, Joachim (Hrsg.): Kontakte mit der Wirtschaftspädagogik: Festschrift für Walther Löbner zum 65. Geburtstag. Neustadt/Aisch: Ph. C. W. Schmidt (1967). S. 135–146.
 Enkulturation als anthropologischer Grundbegriff der Pädagogik. In: Bildung und Erziehung 21 (1968), H. 3. S. 161–178.
 Lebenslauf und Erziehung. Neue pädagogische Bemühungen, Bd. 79 (1979). Essen: Neue Deutsche Schule.
 Curriculare Kompetenzen und pädagogische Paradigmen. Zur anthropologischen Grundlegung einer biographischen Erziehungstheorie. In: Bildung und Erziehung 32 (1979), H. 3. S: 241–266.
 Der Mensch im Modus des Könnens. Anthropologische Fragen pädagogischen Denkens. In: König, Eckard/Ramsenthaler, Horst (Hrsg.): Diskussion Pädagogische Anthropologie. München: Fink (1980). S. 191–225.
 Zur Konstitution der Erziehung im Horizont der genetischen Phänomenologie Edmund Husserls. In: Bildung und Erziehung 34 (1981), H. 4. S. 408–419.
 Phänomenologische Pädagogik. In: Lenzen, Dieter (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie Erziehungswissenschaft, Bd. 1: Theorien und Grundbegriffe der Erziehung und Bildung. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta (1983). S. 155–173.
 Die Wenden des pädagogischen Bewußtseins als Herausforderung einer phänomenologischen Pädagogik. In: Bildung und Erziehung 37, H. 2 (1984). S. 119–130.
 Die Konstellation der bedeutungsvollen Anderen im Bewußtsein des Kindes. In: Brozio, Peter/Weiß, Edgar (Hrsg.) (1993): Pädagogische Anthropologie, biographische Erziehungsforschung, pädagogischer Bezug. Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Werner Loch. Hamburg: Fechner. S. 12–70.
 Der Lebenslauf als anthropologischer Grundbegriff einer biographischen Erziehungstheorie. In: Krüger, Heinz-Hermann/ Marotzki, Winfried (Hrsg.): Handbuch erziehungswissenschaftliche Biographieforschung. 2. Auflage 2006 (1. Aufl. 1999 bei Leske+Budrich). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag. S. 71–89.
 Die Grundlegung der Allgemeinen Pädagogik durch Herbart und Schleiermacher. In: Weigand, Gabriele/Böschen, Markus/Schulz-Gade, Herwig (Hrsg.): Allgemeines und Differentielles im pädagogischen Denken und Handeln. Grundfragen – Themenschwerpunkte – Handlungsfelder. Wilhelm J. Brinkmann zum 20. Dezember 2007.  Würzburg: Ergon (2008). S. 135–146.

Weblinks

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Einzelnachweise

Person (Idar-Oberstein)
Hochschullehrer (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg)
Hochschullehrer (Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel)
Hochschullehrer (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg)
Erziehungswissenschaftler
Deutscher
Geboren 1928
Gestorben 2010
Mann