Arrive Pathankot in the morning and start journey to Bharmour. Enroute stop to get fresh and take lunch. A journey of 7-8 hrs will reach you ancient town Bharmour. Check into Hotel/Homestay.
After Breakfast pack your backs and start journey to Kugti village. Reach Kugti village by taxi. After reaching Kugti Village stop for hour and explore the village. After exploring, cross the bridge and start trek to Dalotu camp and test your feet and body with three km uphill trek with steep ascent. A trek of 03 -04 hrs will reach you Dalotu camp the final destination of the day. After reaching check into camp and then take lunch.
After spending a night at beautiful camp site take Breakfast & start trek to Padhar Base camp, a trek of 3-4 hrs will reach you the Padhar Base camp. After reaching check into camp and then take lunch and enjoy in the snow. After Lunch, scale the heights of Jotnu Pass and return back to Camp.
After spending a memorable day in snow at base camp take Breakfast and enjoy the snow again and take lunch & return back to Dalotu camp. After reaching check into camp and then take dinner and enjoy in the snow.
After Breakfast return back to Kugti village then take taxi to Bharmour. After reaching Bharmour check into hotel. In evening, visit local market.


This L-Shaped Bracket can be used as structural support and connection points for different things. There are a total of 8 x 2mm holes on this bracket.
This right angle bracket can be used as structural support and connection points for different things. These brackets are very similar to ones found in shelves.
This bracket is made from 6061 aluminum with anodized surface. This L-Shaped Bracket can be used as structural support and connection points for different things. There are a total of 18 x 4mm holes on this bracket.
This bracket is made from 6061 aluminum with anodized surface. This P-Shaped Bracket can be used as structural support and connection points for different things. There is a 4mm hole on this bracket which can be used to attach the bracket with 4mm shafts or bearing. There are also a total of 2 x 4mm holes.
This bracket is made from 6061 aluminum with anodized surface. This P-Shaped Bracket can be used as structural support and connection points for different things. There is a 8mm holes on this bracket which can be used to attach the bracket with 8mm shafts or bearing. There are also a total of 6 x 4mm holes.
This bracket is made from 6061 aluminum with anodized surface. This U-Shaped Bracket can be used as structural support and connection points for servo, motors and shafts. There are 8mm holes on this bracket which can be used to attach 8mm shafts or bearing. There are also a total of 24 x 4mm holes.
This bracket is made from 6061 aluminum with anodized surface. This U-Shaped Bracket can be used as structural support and connection points for servo, motors and shafts. There are both 8mm & 16mm holes on this bracket which can be used to attach 8mm & 16mm shafts and bearings. There are also a total of 24 x 4mm holes.


What Replaces the "Free Market" in an Egalitarian Sharing Economy?
The egalitarian sharing economy as described in Thinking about Revolution and here is based on sharing, according to need, among those who contribute to the economy reasonably according to ability. Critics of this kind of economy argue that it is either a Soviet-style centrally planned economy or, at any rate, it suffers from the same fatal faults as a centrally planned economy. They assert that when it comes to making an economy work properly, nothing can replace the discipline imposed by the free market in a capitalist economy.
Defenders of capitalism argue that the only way to ensure that the economic activity of people actually provides the products and services that consumers want, in an efficient manner, is by allowing the free market to guide economic decision-making by disciplining businesses with the threat that if they don't provide what customers want, at a price customers are willing to pay, efficiently enough to make a profit while doing this, then they will go out of business.
The beauty of discipline imposed by the free market, in this view, is that it requires no central planning board to determine if a business is providing what customers actually want, or if it is doing it efficiently enough to be permitted to operate. The problem with a centrally planned economy, according to this view, is that it is impossible for any central body to possess all of the vast information required to make all of the zillions of decisions that must be made in operating the economy of a nation rationally. This criticism of centrally planned economies is perfectly valid. The question then is whether there is a way for an economy based on sharing and equality (no rich and no poor) that is neither centrally planned nor disciplined by a capitalist free market to "deliver the goods." What follows is an argument for the "Yes" answer to this question.
One of the most important ways for local assemblies to cooperate with each other is to mutually agree to form a single sharing economy. In a sharing economy, there is no money; one is either a member of the sharing economy or not. If one is a member of the sharing economy then one enjoys the right, equal to all other members, to take (for free--there is no money) products and services that one reasonably needs or desires, or--in the case of things that are in short supply--to have a chance, equal to others with a similar need, to obtain these by an equitable rationing method determined by the local assembly. If one is not a member of the sharing economy, then one may barter or else is essentially a beggar. The ultimate authority that determines if one is or is not a member of the sharing economy is the local assembly for the community in which one resides.
The local assembly may, if it wishes, allow somebody to be a member of the sharing economy for any reason it wishes, but it also has the right to deny memberhsip to a person who does not contribute to the economy reasonably according to ability, as judged by the local assembly. Obviously, what constitutes a reasonable contribution according to ability would take into account a person's age and health and everything else that reasonable people would consider relevant.
Now we can address the question of what, in a sharing economy, takes the place of the free market in a capitalist economy. What, in other words, ensures that economically sensible activity is promoted and economically non-sensical activity is discouraged? In a free market capitalist economy it is profitability (or the lack thereof) that supposedly does this job. It does indeed discipline people in the economy, and it does indeed drive some businesses out of business that, from a reasonable point of view, ought to be driven out of business.
But a business can be profitable by catering to the very rich, thus directing economic resources towards producing things or services (e.g., psychiatry for a rich person's pet dog, a twenty-million dollar mansion for one small family) that are not terribly important at the cost of depriving others of things that are (e.g., health care, housing.) Profit is the reason why landowners don't grow food for people too poor to buy it, and instead grow crops that get made into luxury items that wealthy people can afford to buy. This is one reason capitalism is not good. In particular, this shows that in looking for something to replace profitability in a free market we are looking to replace something that is far from perfect to begin with. It is not necessary, therefore, for the replacement to be perfect, just better, as judged by criteria we think are important.
What are these important criteria? The following seem reasonable objectives for whatever replaces profitablity in a free market: 1) Promote economic activity that provides for the needs and desires of people living as equals in an egalitarian society. 2) Motivate people to contribute reasonably to the economy according to ability. 3) Promote efficient (with respect to the previous criteria) use of human and material resources.
The sensible replacement for profitability in a free market capitalist economy is reputation (with respect to the above criteria, as described below) in a sharing economy. Here is how reputation plays this key role.
A local assembly, call it Assembly A, has the option of saying, "We won't agree to our community being in a sharing economy that includes local community X." If X has a reputation for admitting lots of people into the sharing economy who don't actually contribute and share reasonably according to ability in the opinion of Assembly A, or if, in Assembly A's opinion, local community X contributes things that are unreasonably useless (or of inferior quality or of insufficient quantity or not delivered reasonably, etc. etc.) compared to things that they could otherwise contribute, then Assembly A may exercise this option. If other local assemblies also share Assembly A's opinion, then Assembly X, if it wishes to remain in and enjoy the great benefits of membership in a larger sharing economy, will have a strong motivation for making changes to ensure that it has a good reputation.
Having a good reputation (for contributing to the economy reasonably and efficiently) plays a role in a sharing econony analogous to having a high rate of profit in a capitalist economy. A decline in reputation /profit leads eventually to exclusion from the sharing economy / bankruptcy.
Like profitability in a capitalist economy, reputation in a sharing economy operates at all scales, from that of a hot dog vendor on the sidewalk to a multi-national corporation. Here is why.
A local community assembly would typically oversee a committee it appoints to decide if economic enterprises in the community should be members of the shasring economy. The decision would be about the enterprise as a single entity, not about each individual worker in it. And the decision would be based on the overall reputation of the enterprise. A hospital, for example, would be judged on the basis of its overall reputation, not a close inspection of every person who works in it, much as today when a sick person decides on what hospital to use he or she goes by overall reputation of the hospital, which might include things such as whether the hospital is certified by the appropriate organization, etc.
In order to maintain its good reputation, a hospital (to take that as an example, but we could be talking about any other economic enterprise), would in turn want to ensure that its component entities (the emergency room, the intensive care unit, etc.) have good reputations. The hospital (meaning the hospital workers, acting democratically as equals, in a "hospital assembly", or more generally a "workplace assembly") decides who can be a worker at the hopsital. If the hospital is a member of the sharing economy, then so are all of its workers. If, however, a section within the hospital, say the ER, has a sufficiently bad reputation, then the hospital would be motivated to dismiss the workers who are responsible for the bad reputation, in order to maintain the reputation of the hospital and its membership in the sharing economy. Thus the role of reputation extends downward from the level of the local community assembly to the economic enterprises within the community and even to the individual workers in those enterprises.
In a community there may be economic enterprises of varying sizes, from a one-person hot dog vendor on the sidewalk to a large hospital or local branch of a multinational organization. In the case of hot dog vendors, it would be likely that all of them would join an association of hot dog vendors (or something similar) and this association would, as a single entity, seek membership in the sharing economy based on its reputation; it would also be concerned with the reputation of individual hot dog vendors for the same reason as discussed above in the case of a hospital.
As discussed above in the case of a local assembly not agreeing to remain in a sharing economy that included local assembly X with a bad reputation, local assemblies have the option of not agreeing to remain in a sharing economy that includes a multi-national organization whose reputation they don't like. If only local assembly A objects to multi-national organization X then A's choice, in practice, is to leave the sharing economy or remain in it with X. But if lots of local assemblies object to X, then one or more relatively high level assemblies could threaten to leave the larger sharing economy and establish a smaller one of their own unless X was denied membership in the larger sharing economy. To avoid this, X would of course be motivated to ensure that it has a good reputation among as many local assemblies as possible; otherwise it would risk exclusion from a large sharing economy--the equivalent of going out of business in a capitalist economy.
Reputation thus plays an extremely important role in the sharing economy, a role similar to that played by profitability in a capitalist economy. Reputation in a sharing economy would be so important that some economic enterprises in a sharing economy would specialize in performing the function of deciding whether or not to grant their version of the "Goodhousekeeping Seal of Approval" or their version of what is today called "certification" for colleges, etc. Others might be more like newspapers that investigate wrongdoing (and excellence as well) and report it. It is impossible to anticipate all of the creative ways that reputations might be established for various kinds of economic enterprises. Who, for example, could have anticipated a few decades ago Facebook's "like" system? But one way or another, in a society in which reputation plays such an important role, ways will be invented for establishing reputations sensibly.
The striking advantage of reputation driving economic decision making in a sharing economy, in contrast to profit in a capitalist one, is that reputation is based on the most important criteria, whereas profit is not. Ony when reputation, and not profit, drives decision-making is it possible for a local community assembly to make reasonableness prevail over unreasonableness, by, for example, denying membership in the sharing economy to a person or enterprise whose "contribution" is providing psychiatry for pet dogs, or constructing twenty-million dollar mansions for small families when this is at the expense of some people having far more important things, such as good health care or shelter.
But how would economic decisions actually be made based on reputation? How is it possible, practically speaking? Letting individual consumers make decisions by choosing how to spend their money has resulted in the remarkable entrepreneurship, creativity and productivity that capitalism claims for itself and for itself alone. Because the only sustained (at least more than a few years) modern challenge to free market capitalism--Soviet style central planning--has clearly failed, capitalism claims that, as Margaret Thatcher famously put it, There Is No Alternative. Doesn't decision-making by reputation instead of profit entail the same problems that make a centrally planned economy fail? Doesn't a reputation-based sharing econony suffer from the same two defects as a centrally planned economy: a) stifling entrepreneurship creativity and b) failing to make use of information scattered among huge numbers of people, information that is incorporated in the price of things in the market place? How is a reputation-based sharing economy, with respect to these key questions, any different from a centrally planned economy?
In the sharing economy, a person or group of people with an entrepreneurial idea can "pitch" their idea as a proposal to the local community assembly, say Assembly A. If the proposal is approved as the basis for membership in the sharing economy of the enterprise and its workers, then the enterprise can take (for free) from the sharing economy everything it needs, and the workers, as members of the sharing economy, can take everything they reasonably need or wish, as described above.
Of course Assembly A's decision to approve or not would take into account the availability of relevant raw materials and manufactured items. If these things must come from other communities, then Assemby A would need to determine that their reputation will not be adversely affected by taking these things for the entrepreneur's project. To do this they might simply use their knowledge about how other people felt. But this runs the risk that they approve a project only to discover that other local assemblies object to it, adversely affecting Assembly A's reputation. Instead, Assembly A might have their delegate to the appropriate "higher level" assemby introduce a proposal for sharing the things that the entrepreneur's project requires. This proposal would go through the process of being amended by other delegates; then, in the course of seeing if the local assemblies agreed, there might be suggested amendments from them, and back and forth negotiations until there was a proposal that sufficient assemblies agreed with to make the entrepreneur's project possible.
Before objecting that this process for an entrepreneur to get the green light to start his/her new enterprise is too restrictive or cumbersome, compare it to what a would-be entrepreneur must do in our current capitalist society. Unless a would-be entrepreneur is very wealthy, he or she needs to get wealthy people to loan or invest the big bucks required to start the new enterprise. This means going to venture capitalists or banks or appearing before the "sharks" on that T.V. show. It means trying to persuade rich people that they can get even richer by investing in or loaning money to one's proposed business. This too can be a restrictive or cumbersome process. Even worse is the fact that instead of having to persuade people that one's proposed enterprise will be good for ordinary people (as in egalitarianism), one must persuade rich people that it will make them even richer.
Economic decison making as described above, which applies to both entrepreneurial and well-established enterprises, involves a huge number of people--possessing an enormous amount of information collectively---contributing directly or indirectly to the decision whether to give an economic project a green light. The knowledge of the entrepreneurs is made use of far more than in a centrally planned economy that is hostile to creative ideas arising outside the central planning body. Additionally, the knowledge and opinions of every person in any way affected by the decision to give or not give a green light to the project is tapped in one way or another because the actual economic decisions are always made with great consideration paid to not damaging one's reputation in the eyes of all others affected by the decision. Furthermore, the criteria for a good reputation are the right criteria--the things that egalitarians (the only ones who can be members of a local community assembly) care about most, whereas the criterion of profit is a deeply flawed one. This means that the information gathered from large numbers of people for economic decision-making is not only vast in quantity but better in quality than the information incorporated into mere price in the market place. The sharing economy based on reputation for decision-making is thus both superior to a centrally planned economy and a market place capitalist economy based on profit.
A reputation-based sharing economy will certainly not be perfect. Perfection is an impossible goal. There is not, and never could be, a profit-based capitalist society in which every worker worked 100% efficiently and every business derived the maximum conceivable profit that the laws permit. Look closely anywhere today and one will find what, from the point of view of profitability, is inefficiency. From the point of view of human happiness and decency, however, what a capitalist calls inefficiency might often better be called reasonableness. Basing economic decisions on reputation (for reasonableness) is, arguably, the best way for reasonable people to make society reasonably good, which is to say a whole lot better than our present capitalist society.
When a person in an egalitarian sharing economy goes into a "store" to obtain some commodity (or service), what actually happens, given that money is not used at all. To read about this, click here.
How do suppliers of proverbial "widgets" in an egalitarian sharing economy know how many widgets to produce? Typically, this question takes the form of whether they should produce more or produce less than the current amount being produced. The people who need or want the widgets are just as capable of communicating whether there are too few or too many widgets in an egalitarian sharing economy as they are of communicating this in a capitalist profit-driven economy. Human ingenuity in such matters is amazing. There is no reason to believe that in an egalitarian sharing economy widgets will either start piling up in unwanted piles for a long time, or that people will suffer widget deprivation for a long time. Things analogous to today's "on time delivery" would be perfectly possible in an egalitarian sharing economy. The purpose of the voluntary federation system, with its assemblies and delegates, is to address these problems by crafting proposals for mutual agreement. The culture of egalitarianism (mutual aid instead of competition to see who will be a winner and who a loser) makes such solutions desirable for everybody and hence very likely to be implemented.
* Here, in the context of who can participate in a local assembly, the phrase "in the community" means residing in the community or, in the case of a person who resides outside the community, working reasonably in an enterprise located in the community.
** Local assemblies can, however, cooperate to defend people who are attacked by anti-egalitarians. If, for example, people somewhere decided (democratically or not) to enslave others, then local assemblies of egalitarians would have every right to form a militia and forcibly prevent them from enslaving anybody. From the point of view of the would be slave owners, they would essentially be ordered by a "central government" (i.e., an authoritarian, top-down commanding government) to cease enslaving people. It is the egalitarians, not anti-egalitarians, who should enjoy the absence of such an authoritarian law-making central government.


China's ruling Communist Party yesterday set the stage for President Xi Jinping to stay in office indefinitely, with a proposal to remove a constitutional clause limiting presidential service to just two terms in office.
Xi Jinping, the Chinese president, has recently been bandied about by serial exaggerators like The Economist, Foreign Affairs and Foreign Policy as the most powerful man in the world.
A Chinese writer has told the BBC he is the co-author of a provocative book about China's leader Xi Jinping, that some believe sparked the disappearance of five Hong Kong booksellers.
Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou will meet his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping in Singapore this weekend, the two sides said, in what will be the first meeting between leaders from the rivals since the end of a civil war in 1949.
China's leader Xi Jinping is expected to put the seal later on its contribution to what will be the first UK nuclear power plant to be built in a generation.
Chinese President Xi Jinping pledges to establish a $2bn (£1.3bn) fund to assist developing countries and to significantly increase investment.
When Presidents Xi Jinping and Barack Obama meet in the United States in a few days time, they will not be short of things to talk about.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has visited China from 14-16 May 2015. Modi has been to China before as Chief Minister of Gujarat.


text:
«Во мне моя любовь» — 11-й студийный альбом российской певицы Валерии.

История выхода альбома
Альбом «Во мне моя любовь» вышел в двух версиях: стандартной и deluxe (подарочный вариант). Последняя версия включает в себя бонусный DVD с последними видеоклипами певицы. Также в альбоме представлен ремикс от Vengerov & Fedoroff на песню «Капелькою».

Альбом поступил в продажу в марте 2010 года. Главные дистрибьюторы диска в России — , «Мистерия звука».

Список композиций

 Заглавная песня альбома – «Во мне моя любовь» – была написана в сотрудничестве с молодым автором, подопечной Валерии и Иосифа Пригожина – Еленой Есениной.
 Композиция «Никто, как ты…», которую уже успели полюбить миллионы людей, принесла певице премии «Золотой Граммофон» и «Песня Года».
 Следующий сингл, «Птица-разлука», был записан по заказу телеканала «Россия» специально для 258-серийного фильма «Ефросинья».
 Песня «В твоих глазах не я» записана к юбилею Александра Костюка. Валерия была первой солисткой ансамбля «Былина», руководителем которого был Александр Костюк.
 Песня «Волшебный дом» записана к юбилею Олега Митяева.

Дополнения
Подарочный вариант альбома (deluxe версия) включает в себя бонусный DVD с последними видеоклипами певицы:
 «Разрушить любовь»
 «Боль»
 «По дороге любви»
 «The party`s over»
 «Wild!» (Bimbo Jones remix)

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт
 Страница релиза на официальном сайте Валерии
 Страница релиза на сайте компании «Мистерия Звука»

Альбомы Валерии
Альбомы NOX Music
Альбомы лейбла «Мистерия звука»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You have to make sure that before you get a MICOE bathroom faucet mixer basin taps sink waterfall wash basin tap brass chrome vessel hot and cold water basin taps white you have previously seen and browse the detail of the merchandise first. This way you could be sure that you are getting the right product that may suit your needs. Since this MICOE bathroom faucet mixer basin taps sink waterfall wash basin tap brass chrome vessel hot and cold water basin taps white has good quality it is one of the better sellers on the market now and several people are recommending the product to their family and friends. These days the product is really affordable for nearly everyone and it's an excellent buy your money can buy. You don't need cheaper products if it will only sabotage your projects and can not give you the sort of quality that you'll require in the product. With the bigger price you can be sure that your money will probably be worth spending in this item.


Peterborough County is centrally located between Ottawa and Toronto, Ontario in the heart of cottage country. We provide a range of services including Emergency Services & Management, Municipal Roads & Bridges, County Forest, Living History Museum, Planning & Development and more.
County of Peterborough was implementing a staff intranet and they needed a logo avatar that the staff could rally behind. The goal was to develop a character that was friendly, a little geeky, and an obvious communicator. The character needed to represent the source of all staff information – something the staff could be proud of and respond to. They named him MILO (for Mountains of Information Logically Organized).
Character development, logo and video designed by eSolutionsGroup.


We found this tip on Reddit's TOR community first, and it's proven enough of a help for me to pass it along to you. The game's DX10/11 seems to emulate missing libraries from DX9, which can cause some slowdown issues in certain parts. By filling the gaps with DX9's files, I noticed a smoother transition in mounting/dismounting and a much better performance in Space Missions. However, as DX9 is still used and installed on many games, you may have the libraries already.
You can find these files on Microsoft's support page here. Start by making a new folder, and when you run the downloaded .exe, extract all the files to this new folder (this will help with clutter). Then, go into your newly filled folder and run DXSETUP.exe. This will run the installer and will apply all the missing libraries to your DX9 folder.


Last night, I was feeling like I was running on one cylinder and running out of gas, but I play this writing game, 4theWords, and I really wanted to move up one step on the leaderboards for battles.
Which meant 4 130-word (or so) battles.
So I asked for suggestions on Mastodon, and this is what came of it.


text:
Municipal School District
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You are here: Home / National Teacher Appreciation Week – 2016
National Teacher Appreciation Week – 2016
Presidential Proclamation —
National Teacher Appreciation Day and National Teacher Appreciation Week, 2016
Our country's story, written over more than two centuries, is one of challenges, chances, and progress. As our Nation has advanced on our journey toward ensuring rights and opportunities are extended fully and equally to all people, America's teachers — from the front lines of our civil rights movement to the front lines of our education system — have helped steer our country's course. They witness the incredible potential of our youth, and they know firsthand the impact of a caring leader at the front of the classroom.
As our national narrative has progressed, we have become a more equal society, cleared paths to opportunity, and affirmed the extraordinary potential of all our people — regardless of their race, their gender, their sexual orientation, their religion, or the zip code they were born into. But there is still work to be done. If our country's story is going to reflect the diversity we draw strength from, it needs to be written by people that represent the wide range of backgrounds and origins that comprise our national mosaic, and as the next generation rises and prepares to shape that narrative, our teachers will be with them every step of the way — imparting critical knowledge and opening their minds to the possibilities tomorrow holds. In working to ensure all our daughters and sons have the chance to add their voice and perspective to America's story, our teachers help shape a Nation that better reflects the values we were founded upon.
When I took office, I did so with a bold vision to foster innovation and drive change within our education system, and to expand educational opportunities and outcomes for all America's learners. Central to that goal is our work to build and strengthen the teaching profession so our teachers are enabled and equipped to inspire rising generations. I have worked hard throughout my Presidency to make sure my Administration does its part to support our educators and our education system, but the incredible progress our country has seen — from achieving record high graduation rates to holding more students to high standards that prepare them for success in college and future careers — is thanks to the dedicated teachers, families, and school leaders who work tirelessly on behalf of our young people.
Just as we know a student's circumstances do not dictate his or her potential, we know that having an effective teacher is the most important in-school factor for student success. That is why my Administration has been committed to better recruiting, preparing, retraining, and rewarding America's teachers. Following the worst economic crisis our country has seen since the Great Depression, my Administration supported significant investments in education through the Recovery Act to keep more than 300,000 educators in the classroom. We have invested more than $2.7 billion through competitive grants to better recruit, train, support, and reward talented teachers and educators, and we have worked to make sure teachers have a strong voice and a seat at the table in the policymaking process. At the urging of the Department of Education, all fifty States are advancing teacher equity plans to ensure that districts can support and retain educators in schools that need them most. In my State of the Union address in 2011, I announced a national goal to prepare 100,000 public school STEM teachers by 2021 to help ensure more of our young innovators can seize the opportunities of tomorrow — and I am proud that we are on track to meet that goal.
I recently signed the bipartisan Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), which ensures students are held to high standards that will better prepare them for college and careers. And because cookie-cutter solutions are not always effective considering the diversity of our communities and of the students in our classrooms, ESSA reflects my Administration's approach to education reform by empowering States and local decision makers, who know what their students need best, to shape their own progress with accountability. ESSA also aligns with the Testing Action Plan I announced last fall to help reduce the burden of standardized testing so educators can spend less time testing and more time teaching. This law will also allow more States and districts to support teachers and expand access to computer science, a critical skill our students need in the innovation economy.
Our future is written in schools across our country. It is likely that the first person who will go to Mars is in a classroom today. Our students are our future teachers, scientists, politicians, public servants, and parents — a generation that will steer the course we will take as a people and make possible things we have not even imagined yet. We look to the women and men standing in front of classrooms in all corners of our country — from cities to reservations to rural towns — to vest America's daughters and sons with the hard skills they will need to put their dreams within reach and to inspire them to dream even bigger. On National Teacher Appreciation Day and during National Teacher Appreciation Week, let us ensure our educators know how much we value their service in the classroom, how much we appreciate all they do for our students and families, and how thankful we are for their contributions to our national progress.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim May 3, 2016, as National Teacher Appreciation Day and May 1 through May 7, 2016, as National Teacher Appreciation Week. I call upon students, parents, and all Americans to recognize the hard work and dedication of our Nation's teachers and to observe this day and this week by supporting teachers through appropriate activities, events, and programs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
Parental Involvement Notice
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CMSD & CLW to Provide Free Internet Access
WonderGrove Wizard of Oz – January 22 – 5:00pm
WonderGrove Wizard of Oz – January 22 – 7p.m.
Use our anonymous online reporting to let us know about activities or problems at your school or simply offer a recommendation.
Columbus Municipal School District
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Mailing: P.O. Box 1308
Columbus, Mississippi 39703
Physical: 2630 McArthur Drive
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Columbus Municipal School District does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in its programs and activities and provides equal access to the Boy Scouts and other designated youth groups. The following person has been designated to handle inquiries regarding the non-discrimination policies:
, Assistant Superintendent, Brandon Central Services Center, P.O. Box 1308, 2630 McArthur Drive, P.O. Box 1308, Columbus MS 39703-1308.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Mali Mish – Sprinter 4×4 Camper Van Build: Day 16.
Dan ended up backing up the van to a brick wall which he could stand on to get the panels on the back portion of the roof. Then with ladders and my dad's help, they slide the panels forward. We wrapped the panels with a blanket to prevent the metal feet from scratching the van up.
Once in place, Dan attached the metal step feet to the van tracks. We attached to the racks instead of using 3M VHB tape so we can remove the panels for maintenance or failure easily. The step feet were another gift from our friend. Thanks again, Marc.
Checking the voltage of the panels above. Looking good. Lost some voltage due to wire length as expected.
Last night we didn't get a chance to finish laying plywood on these two little sections.
Instead of leaving the plywood bare under our build, we decided to lay down some vinyl for easier clean-up, especially if something spills.
The vinyl will not be visible in the van so we went with the cheapest design they had. This one was 47 cents a square foot versus everything else close to a dollar or more.
TADA! It's like a palace in here now. Lol.
While we were at Home Depot, I had the kid's collect some free samples. With those samples and lots of leftover van build pieces, the kids happily worked on some art projects.
They came up with these custom tiny homes.
Now that the floor is done, we can work on the walls. We ended up going with a nice piece of 1/4″ birch plywood.
It will cover the missing wall area that didn't come with our van from factory. The wood will be painted the same color as the headliner to provide a cohesive background for our build. The bottom panel that is a bit darker in color will not be seen once we build up.
Letting these pieces dry overnight so tomorrow we can paint and install them.
Feels good to get things checked off the list.
Here's the video to go along with the day 16 build. Enjoy!


"We love fostering these gorgeous babies, every one is different and comes with their individual sad story, we love and care for them for however many days or weeks they need to ensure they are ready to start the best part of their life. We laugh and cry for them in equal measure and think about them every day after they leave, but we know that they will have a happy and safe life with you lovely people who welcome them into your family when you adopt them. Fostering is so rewarding, give it a try! X "
(to download forms, click the words in red in the last paragraph).
We don't place our surrendered Frenchies in kennels, instead we rely on a network of volunteers to open their doors as foster carers to give each dog a safe, loving environment it can call home while it is assessed to see what it really needs from a forever home. This usually takes around 2-4 weeks and gives us a real insight into the true personality of the dog and understand its likes and disikes.


CraigHunter4u . EgorLucky. BlackandWhittie. ADRYANY.
ZaneKeeganunknownplayer999sweetlustANNaPrincessCaramel .AntonyaPerryAnDreamPretty1FairyRoshiBella .NericaLoveHoneyMaryyPaulaSweetBestiaLust4Fetis .EliannaRueSallyHarrisChristaDemMaokoYun .RedLloveSexyDivaaaMirandaLemussweetlustANNa .PrincessCaramela0JoyfulSkylarSofiaKeenEliannaRue .NinaskypinkmsmvaPinoySexPridexAnDream .SexyFootGirlIsabelHotBabyBUNNYandMAGICIANFunFunSpon .SofiaKeenBlackandWhittiemarissaluxuryEvaSilverr .ShirleyVolgafuntreesexxPinoySexPridexPrincessCaramel .CHARLOTTE6LorenaTynLadyValerie666AnDream .
nastyalikeSexyHornyDevilsbestlovers88bestlovers88 .SexyDivaaaunknownplayer999EliannaRuemsmva .GoodFeeling69zarazzkaAntonyaPerryChristaDem .IsecreamjamPanterckaaMuseMTasay .FunFunSponsweetlustANNaToriAmiIsabelHotBaby .EvaSilverrcessare00ChristinaRockAngelBlondeFace .CHARLOTTE6DirtySexandWetx11inCum2MyMouthStrongMuscleXx .JhasmineWildbrownboyhotYohaTinellyMaokoYun .AntonyaPerryEliannaRuePanterckaabrownboyhot .marissaluxuryLorenaTynTahreemPinoySexPridex .eliinaaaPrincessCaramelLadyValerie666TaniaKross .


Newbridge is a small rural village located in the east of County Galway in Ireland with easy access to the surrounding counties and home to a pub and a small shop. A little down the road is Mountbellow with range of local shops pubs and restaurants, and has a golf course on offer too where you can work on your swing.
Oil central heating with range and open fire. Electric oven and hob, fridge/freezer, washing machine, Microwave, TV with Saorview, WIFI, CD/radio. Fuel, power and starter pack for fire inc. in rent. Bed linen and towels inc. in rent. Cot and highchair on request. Roadside parking to front of cottage. Front gravelled garden with furniture. One well-behaved pet welcome. Sorry, no smoking. Shop and pub 1.5 miles..


text:
ARS grain research centre renovation
Research on cereal grains, used to feed poultry, will soon be enhanced, thanks to major renovations nearing completion at a US Department of Agriculture (USDA) research facility.
Originally dedicated in 1970, the Grain Marketing and Production Research Center (GMPRC) is being modernised as part of a 10-year project. The centre is operated by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA's chief intramural scientific research agency.
Set on a 12-acre tract of land deeded to USDA by the state of Kansas, the centre comprises a 60,000-square-foot combined laboratory and office building, a pilot plant and a 150-foot grain elevator. The GMPRC works collaboratively with several partners, including Kansas State University.
This remodelled facility will provide the up-to-date environment necessary for the centre's scientists to conduct issue-driven, problem-solving research in production, harvesting, storage and marketing of the nation's staple grains, including wheat, corn and sorghum," said ARS Administrator Edward B. Knipling.
Strategically located in the nation's "bread basket", GMPRC scientists develop new technologies to protect and improve US grain production and products that are important human foods, livestock feeds and potential sources of biofuels in both domestic and international markets.
For all you need to know about Animal Feed, visit www.allaboutfeed.net
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Agricultural Reasearch Service (ARS)
Grain Marketing and Production Research Centre (GMPRC)
For the latest poultry news, subscribe here
Pros and cons of using phages
The world of health and nutrition is currently wondering how to tackle issues related to antibiotic resistance....
On Feb 1 In Health
USDA report: Consolidation in poultry sectors over 30 yrs
Contract farming and the rise of vertically integrated operations has led to some consolidation in the poultry...
On Mar 30, 2018 In Home
Markets: Feed markets hold steady
After a turbulent summer for feed costs, the markets have paused for breath over the last month, with no major...
Oxfam campaigns to stop line speed hike in US poultry plants
Poverty action campaigners are stepping up their fight against plans to raise the production line speed in US...


text:
Sort By is a plugin that allows you to generate a table that has sortable columns. It'll probably only work on the latest version of Rails, which is what you should be using. No excuses, thanks.

## ActiveRecord

Provided to you by this plugin in ActiveRecord is a method called `sort_by` which takes two arguments:

* The first is the field you want to sort by, and this must be a valid field otherwise an error will be raised.
* The second is the direction you want to sort by, also must be valid otherwise an error will be raised. Valid directions are "asc" and "desc" and it is case-insensitive.

Another method is `paginated_sort_by`. This takes the same arguments as the above method but also takes an additional `options` argument which is then passed to _will\_paginate_'s `paginate` method. The sorting is achieved using `with_scope`.

## ActionView

The great stuff comes in the view. This plugin provides a method called `paginated_sort_table`. This generates a table like the [one seen here](http://skitch.com/radarlistener/bam21/blogs-index "one seen here"). This uses the generated scaffold from an everyday Rails application. In my index action in the controller I've edited it to now be:

    def index
      @blogs = Blog.paginated_sort_by(params[:sort_by] || "id", params[:order])
    end

And my corresponding index template:

Listing blogs

    <%= paginated_sort_table(@blogs) %>

That's all! Now if I were to have more than 10 blogs there I would be given pagination icons above and below the table [as seen here](http://skitch.com/radarlistener/bam4m/blogs-index "as seen here").

## More ActionView

By default it will give you a table of all the fields in no particular order. To fix this, call the method like this:

    <%= paginated_sort_table(@blogs, :only => ["field1", "field2"]) %>

The fields will be displayed in order that you specify them.

If you only want to remove some fields there's the `:except` option:

    <%= paginated_sort_table(@blogs, :except => ["field1", "field2"]) %>

To specify alternative names to the fields pass in the `:names` option:

    <%= paginated_sort_table(@blogs, :names => { :field1 => "Field 2 in disguise"}) %>

If you don't want your fields to be titleized just say so:

    <%= paginated_sort_table(@blogs, :titleize => false) %>

	<%= paginated_sort_table(@blogs,{:only=>[:field1,:field2],:names=>{:field1=>'Title',:field2=>'Description'},:class=>'blue',} %>

	<%= paginated_sort_table @pages, {:only => [:title,:body], :names => {:title => 'Articles Title', :body => 'Articles Body'}, :class => 'blue', :header => 'Sample Header line', :footer => 'Sample footer line'} -%>

## Will Paginate Options Go Where?!

In the last options hash:

    <%= paginated_sort_table(@blogs, {}, { :options => "go here" }) %>

Check out the [awesome will paginate docs](http://wiki.github.com/mislav/will_paginate) on what these options are.

## Sorting Icons

You'll have to provide your own sorting icons, though. The names are sort\_asc and sort\_desc and the extesnion defaults to `jpg` but you can change it by specifying it in the last options hash:

      <%= paginated_sort_table(@blogs, {}, { :image_type => "png" }) %>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: glob.glob doesn't return any result I don't know what is wrong with my code. When I changed a location of file it works. But when I come to the folder which I need I didn't get any results. I checked the location, searched for specific png file as ('*/*.png'), the result is same. Could you please advise me, what can cause to this.
import os, glob
file_path = "/Users/XXXX/Desktop/png"
my_png_path = os.path.join(file_path, '*/*')
for my_files in glob.glob(my_png_path):
   print(my_files)

A: Base on
file_path = "/Users/XXXX/Desktop/png"
my_png_path = os.path.join(file_path, '*/*')

The value of my_png_path is sth. like /Users/XXXX/Desktop/png/*/*, but I guess your intention is /Users/XXXX/Desktop/*/*.png, so the code should like
file_path = "/Users/XXXX/Desktop"
my_png_path = os.path.join(file_path, '*/*.png')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package net.dougqh.jak.jvm.assembler;

import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

public final class AnnotationsAttribute extends Attribute {
//TODO: Finish implementation

//	RuntimeVisibleAnnotations_attribute {
//		u2 attribute_name_index;
//		u4 attribute_length;
//		u2 num_annotations;
//		annotation annotations[num_annotations];
//	}

	private int numAnnotations;

	AnnotationsAttribute(
		final WritingContext context,
		final RetentionPolicy retentionPolicy )
	{
		super( context, name( retentionPolicy ) );

		this.numAnnotations = 0;
	}

	@Override
	final boolean isEmpty() {
		return ( this.numAnnotations == 0 );
	}

	@Override
	final int length() {
		return 0;
	}

	@Override
	final void writeBody( final JvmOutputStream out ) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stubb
	}

	private static final String name( final RetentionPolicy retentionPolicy ) {
		switch ( retentionPolicy ) {
			case CLASS:
			return "RuntimeInvsibleAnnotations";

			case RUNTIME:
			return "RuntimeVisibleAnnotations";

			default:
			throw new IllegalStateException();
		}
	}
}


It's been awhile since I've posted, so I figured it's high time for a status update. Last month, I submitted Captain Dynamite and the Fallen Hero to the Independent Games Festival (IGF) 2012 competition, which is essentially the game industry's equivalent of the Sundance Film Festival. Finalists get a lot of exposure and winners get a cash prize, so there's a lot of potential good to come from it.
I submitted last year to no avail, but this year's build is a much stronger candidate, with lots of improvements and new features. However, the competition is even fiercer this year, with the most entries ever (568!) and many amazing games within that. It's definitely a long shot, but I'll keep my fingers crossed. Finalists will be announced in January.


text:
Nerd Nite SF #3: Spacecraft, Beards, and Robots!
Thursday, July 8th, 2010, at 7:30pm
The Rickshaw Stop 155 Fell St. @ Van Ness, San Francisco
Cover charge $10, tickets at the door
Last month's nerdtacular was so successful, we're doing it again! For some reason, the crowd was curious about the Nerd Nite co-host's luscious full beard, so we are bringing in the two-time world beard champion to answer all your pogonological questions! We're also discussing the perils of spacecraft navigation (but don't call it rocket science!) and how to build your own robotic bartender.
"Beards and Bearding: A Pogonology Primer" by Jack Passion
Competitive bearding. Yea, gentle reader, such a thing exists and it is as awesome as you think it is. With a two-time world championship beard ambassador as our guide, we will find out what it takes to cultivate award-winning whiskers, from the basics of protein synthesis to grooming gadgets galore. Also learn why facial hair plays an important role in human evolution and mating, and why great nerds throughout history have embraced hirsuteness.
Jack Passion is a two-time world champion of beards, having taken the Natural Full Beard category of the World Beard and Moustache Championships both in Brighton, England, in 2007 and Anchorage, Alaska, in 2009. Passion is the author of The Facial Hair Handbook, and tours the world as America's beard ambassador. Most recently, he hosted the US National Beard and Mustache Championships in Bend, Oregon.
"Spacecraft Navigation: It Isn't Rocket Science, It's Flight Dynamics!" by Dan Cosgrove
There's no dashboard navigation in the final frontier. So how do you know where you are? And how do you know where you're going? Where is the nearest rest stop? Are we there yet? Why didn't you pee before we left? OK, maybe not that last one. But a spacecraft navigation expert will answer all of our other celestial-roadtrip questions, and more, based on his experiences with ARTEMIS, the lunar extension of the NASA-funded THEMIS mission. And no, it's not as simple as saying 'engage!'
Dan Cosgrove is a physics nerd who joined the Mission Operations group at UC Berkeley's Space Sciences Lab in 2004. He initially provided orbit and altitude determination analysis and support for the THEMIS mission. In 2006 he became the THEMIS and ARTEMIS navigation lead and currently spends his time flinging washing machine-sized objects at the moon.
"Build Robots and See the World" by Jonathan Foote
Computing and electronics parts are inexpensive enough these days to allow amateurs to build surprisingly sophisticated machines on a budget. Jon will talk about his experiences building kinetic artworks like "Chassis the Drink-Serving Robot" and SWARM, the collection of six spherical orbs that roll without wheels. He'll cover how he started, how the robots work, and how knowing what you are doing is not always the best approach. Jon and his collaborators have exhibited robots at the Coachella Music Festival, the International Festival of Cocktail Robotics in Vienna, Austria as well as the Techkriti Festival in Kanpur, India. And for aspiring evil overlords contemplating making their own robotic minions, Jon will have tips and sources for getting started in robotics.
Jonathan Foote comes to the aesthetic sphere from a technical background. A "recovering" scientist with a Ph.D., Jonathan holds 34 US patents and has over 60 scientific publications. A San Francisco resident, he is a frequent hanger-on at the Noisebridge hacker space and a recent Awesome Foundation grant recipient. He is a co-founder of the SWARM robotics collective, and his artwork has been shown at various Bay Area venues as well as internationally. More information on his work can be found at http://www.rotorbrain.com/jtfdesign
DJ Alpha Bravo returns, spinning an eclectic array of nerdy tunes, encompassing William Shatner-narrated sea expeditions, post-punk paeans to the usefulness of bricks, commercial jingles, synth-jazz-disco explorations of cloud structure, music for librarians, and thick slices of less frequently heard über-80s pop. Alpha Bravo is VP of left-field pop label Radio Khartoum and was one of the forces behind legendary SF pop club nights Anisette and Schokolade.
Science Events Pick - Nerd Nite Part Deux | QUEST Community Science Blog - KQED says:
[…] NerdNite SF When: Thursday, July 8th 7:30PM Where: Rickshaw Stop, San Francisco Cost: $10 Details: Nerd Nite SF returns with the two-time world beard champion to answer all your pogonological questions! Also discussing the perils of spacecraft navigation (but don't call it rocket science!) and how to build your own robotic bartender. Related posts: […]
Nerd Nite SF Returns: Thursday, June 3, 8pm, Rickshaw Stop Nerd Nite SF #4: Old SF, Synthetic Biology, Sexual Mishaps


text:
Architect Job: Postdoctoral Research Associate
Posted on 29 October، 2022 by admin
Insects are key to the functioning of many UK ecosystems. However, many taxa are under pressure from pressures like climate change, agrochemical use and habitat loss, putting pressure on the ecosystem services they provide to human society. The DRUID (Drivers and Repercussions of UK Insect Declines) project aims to explore the economic and social consequences of pressures on UK insects.
We are looking for a creative, interdisciplinary researcher to join the project team and advance our understanding of the economic and social values of insects within the UK. The successful applicant will lead on work to: 1) Develop economic models of the economic value of ecosystem services provided by UK insects, 2) develop and conduct surveys and interviews in order to establish the social values associated with UK insects and 3) map and model how these values are likely to change under future conditions. Collectively, this work will put the successful candidate at the forefront of interdisciplinary research and provide a dynamic skillset and knowledge base for their career progression. There will also be opportunities for the successful candidate to collaborate with other project partners and participate in impact and outreach activities in order to engage with a wide variety of stakeholders.
The position is jointly funded by the University of Reading and University of Leeds and the successful candidate be employed for 12 months by each university sequentially but will be based at the University of their choice and supported by staff at both institutions for the duration. Experience in insect ecology is desirable but not necessary.
A PhD in economics, ecological economics, environmental economics, agricultural economics, ecological modelling or similar
A strong understanding of environmental and/or ecological economics and economic valuation methods
Awareness of survey and interview techniques
Some understanding of invertebrate ecology, or ecology more broadly
Good personal skills and the capacity to organize workshops and meetings independently
A track record of publications in the peer-reviewed literature
Informal contact details
Contact role:Co-Investigator
Contact name:Tom Breeze
Contact phone:0118 378 6026
Contact email:t.d.breeze@reading.ac.uk
Alternative informal contact details
Contact name:Martin Dallimer
Contact phone:0113 3433036
Contact email: m.dallimer@leeds.ac.uk
Interview date: TBC
Applications from job seekers who require sponsorship to work in the UK are welcome and will be considered alongside all other applications. By reference to the applicable SOC code for this role, sponsorship may be possible under the Skilled Worker Route. Applicants should ensure that they are able to meet the points requirement under the PBS. There is further information about this on the UK Visas and Immigration Website.
The University is committed to having a diverse and inclusive workforce, supports the gender equality Athena SWAN Charter and the Race Equality Charter, and is a Diversity Champion for Stonewall, the leading LGBT+ rights organisation. Applications for job-share, part-time and flexible working arrangements are welcomed and will be considered in line with business needs.
Types Of Solar Panels | Architect's Guide To Solar Panels
King Charles III's Love of Antiques Is Giving Him a PR Boost


text:
Microsoft makes ISV heaven
Louis van Wyk 10 August, 2004 22:00
LOCAL independent software vendors found the Microsoft worldwide partner conference worthwhile as it placed New Zealand firms under the spotlight.
The conference was held in Toronto last month and one company that travelled to the event was Orbiz. CEO Philip Verstraaten says the company made important contacts that opened overseas channels for its mobile software developed with .Net technology.
"It was absolutely worth the trip and will lead to long term benefits as we developed a network of powerful contacts," he says.
"Microsoft is the best partner organisation in the world, particularly for ISVs."
David Warren of FirstBase, which was the only New Zealand company among 800 nominated for partner awards at the event, says although it did not win the award, attending the conference presented great opportunities.
These include gaining an understanding of Microsoft's future strategy with its technology and networking with fellow partners and Microsoft representatives. "Knowing where Microsoft technology is heading is important for a development organisation and so is meeting the people that are important to you."
A group of around 10 ISVs exhibited at the conference with funding assistance from Microsoft and New Zealand Trade and Enterprise. Microsoft New Zealand partner group manager Steve Haddock says the New Zealand contingent found the country enjoyed a high level of awareness, which they could trade on.
"New Zealand has a very good brand and has a good reputation as a country with creative people," says Haddock, adding Microsoft's global vice president for partner sales and marketing, Allison Watson mentioned New Zealand's innovation in her keynote address at the conference.
Haddock plans to leverage off this image to ensure the local team stands out at the next conference, when he aims to assist at least 20 local ISVs to attend. "We will brand ourselves as being from New Zealand."
The local partners were treated to a gala dinner hosted by the New Zealand High Commission in Canada, which Haddock says signifies the support the government shows for local companies wishing to extend their reach offshore.
This support, he adds, could help local ISVs develop into multinationals that contribute back to the New Zealand economy. "There is the potential for millions or even billions of dollars to be re-invested in the local economy if we can make a few ISVs into multinationals."
Meanwhile, despite not winning in Toronto, FirstBase is still celebrating as it won an award for innovation in the health sector at the Health Informatics conference last week for a project it developed with Northland Health.
More from WatchGuard Technologies


With one year left in the Soil Health Card scheme, the scheme is far from its cumulative target.
Bangalore, 24 January 2018: The inadequacy of soil testing facilities in the country is the main reason for a slow progress in the distribution of Soil Health Cards (SHCs), a Lok Sabha Standing Committee Report showed.
The Committee report recognized that the progression in the scheme was slow, and it identified the main reasons for this sluggish progress as the lack of soil testing facilities and the lack of staff at the existing centers.
The committee recommended that rural youth, trained in Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business Centres (ACABCs), should be involved as consultants for soil testing periodically. It added that they should advise the farmers about the appropriate doses of fertilizers and nutrients required for improving the soil health and its fertility.
The Soil Health Card Scheme was announced in February 2015 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to determine the quality of soil, identify its macro and micronutrients, and its acidic level and organic content. Based on this data, farmers are supposed to get guidance on what fertilizers to use, and how to make the soil amendments in order to improve the quality of the soil in their farms. The allocated budget for the scheme is Rs. 568 crore and it is being implemented in three years.
The Committee showed skepticism over the procedure of soil testing, as it recommended a review of the existing procedures for "more reliable and scientific way to analyze soil status and its fertility accurately" to generate the Soil Health Cards.
The direct method of soil analysis involves the use of heavy machinery, and there is also a requirement to drill boreholes in the ground which could lead to unreliable data if there was any inconsistency, like pebbles in the soil.
Indirect methods include the use of handheld devices which perform soil testing. The target set by the scheme was to cover 14 crore farmers by the month of May or June in 2017. But, as of January 2018, only 46,971,146 farmers have been covered and 23,309,008 SHCs have been distributed.
In Karnataka, for the second cycle, spanning 2017-18, the targeted distribution of SHCs reached 39, 16,095 but only 11, 62,276 SHCs have been printed, a 29.68 per cent progress and 7, 54,647 distributed, a 19.27 per cent progress.
He clarified that action has been taken to collect Aadhar numbers from the farmers.
Besides, for the year 2016-17, the allocation of funds for Karnataka, was Rs. 2059.61 of which Rs. 648.77 has been received till date, by the state.


text:
package org.apache.beam.runners.spark.translation.streaming;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.allOf;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThanOrEqualTo;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.lessThanOrEqualTo;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.apache.beam.runners.spark.ReuseSparkContextRule;
import org.apache.beam.runners.spark.SparkPipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.runners.spark.StreamingTest;
import org.apache.beam.runners.spark.io.CreateStream;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.StringUtf8Coder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.VarIntCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.testing.PAssert;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.testing.TestPipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Combine;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Count;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.DoFn;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Flatten;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.GroupByKey;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.ParDo;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.SerializableFunction;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Sum;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Values;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.WithKeys;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.AfterPane;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.AfterProcessingTime;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.AfterWatermark;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.BoundedWindow;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.DefaultTrigger;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.FixedWindows;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.GlobalWindow;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.IntervalWindow;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.Never;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.Window;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionList;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionTuple;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.TimestampedValue;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.TupleTag;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.TupleTagList;
import org.joda.time.Duration;
import org.joda.time.Instant;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;

/**
 * A test suite to test Spark runner implementation of triggers and panes.
 *
 * <p>Since Spark is a micro-batch engine, and will process any test-sized input
 * within the same (first) batch, it is important to make sure inputs are ingested across
 * micro-batches using {@link org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.QueueInputDStream}.
 * This test suite uses {@link CreateStream} to construct such
 * {@link org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.QueueInputDStream} and advance the system's WMs.
 * //TODO: add synchronized/processing time trigger.
 */
@Category(StreamingTest.class)
public class CreateStreamTest implements Serializable {

  @Rule
  public final transient TestPipeline p = TestPipeline.create();
  @Rule
  public final transient ReuseSparkContextRule noContextResue = ReuseSparkContextRule.no();
  @Rule
  public final transient ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();

  @Test
  public void testLateDataAccumulating() throws IOException {
    Instant instant = new Instant(0);
    CreateStream<Integer> source =
        CreateStream.of(VarIntCoder.of(), batchDuration())
            .emptyBatch()
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(6)))
            .nextBatch(
                TimestampedValue.of(1, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(2, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(3, instant))
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(20)))
            // These elements are late but within the allowed lateness
            .nextBatch(
                TimestampedValue.of(4, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(5, instant))
            // These elements are droppably late
            .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity()
            .nextBatch(
                TimestampedValue.of(-1, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(-2, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(-3, instant));

    PCollection<Integer> windowed = p
        .apply(source)
        .apply(Window.<Integer>into(FixedWindows.of(Duration.standardMinutes(5))).triggering(
            AfterWatermark.pastEndOfWindow()
                .withEarlyFirings(AfterProcessingTime.pastFirstElementInPane()
                    .plusDelayOf(Duration.standardMinutes(2)))
                .withLateFirings(AfterPane.elementCountAtLeast(1)))
            .accumulatingFiredPanes()
            .withAllowedLateness(Duration.standardMinutes(5), Window.ClosingBehavior.FIRE_ALWAYS));
    PCollection<Integer> triggered = windowed.apply(WithKeys.<Integer, Integer>of(1))
        .apply(GroupByKey.<Integer, Integer>create())
        .apply(Values.<Iterable<Integer>>create())
        .apply(Flatten.<Integer>iterables());
    PCollection<Long> count =
        windowed.apply(Combine.globally(Count.<Integer>combineFn()).withoutDefaults());
    PCollection<Integer> sum = windowed.apply(Sum.integersGlobally().withoutDefaults());

    IntervalWindow window = new IntervalWindow(instant, instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(5L)));
    PAssert.that(triggered)
        .inFinalPane(window)
        .containsInAnyOrder(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
    PAssert.that(triggered)
        .inOnTimePane(window)
        .containsInAnyOrder(1, 2, 3);
    PAssert.that(count)
        .inWindow(window)
        .satisfies(new SerializableFunction<Iterable<Long>, Void>() {
          @Override
          public Void apply(Iterable<Long> input) {
            for (Long count : input) {
              assertThat(count, allOf(greaterThanOrEqualTo(3L), lessThanOrEqualTo(5L)));
            }
            return null;
          }
        });
    PAssert.that(sum)
        .inWindow(window)
        .satisfies(new SerializableFunction<Iterable<Integer>, Void>() {
          @Override
          public Void apply(Iterable<Integer> input) {
            for (Integer sum : input) {
              assertThat(sum, allOf(greaterThanOrEqualTo(6), lessThanOrEqualTo(15)));
            }
            return null;
          }
        });

    p.run();
  }

  @Test
  public void testDiscardingMode() throws IOException {
    CreateStream<String> source =
        CreateStream.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), batchDuration())
                    .nextBatch(
                        TimestampedValue.of("firstPane", new Instant(100)),
                        TimestampedValue.of("alsoFirstPane", new Instant(200)))
                    .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(new Instant(1001L))
                    .nextBatch(
                        TimestampedValue.of("onTimePane", new Instant(500)))
                    .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity()
                    .nextBatch(
                        TimestampedValue.of("finalLatePane", new Instant(750)),
                        TimestampedValue.of("alsoFinalLatePane", new Instant(250)));

    FixedWindows windowFn = FixedWindows.of(Duration.millis(1000L));
    Duration allowedLateness = Duration.millis(5000L);
    PCollection<String> values =
        p.apply(source)
            .apply(
                Window.<String>into(windowFn)
                    .triggering(
                        AfterWatermark.pastEndOfWindow()
                            .withEarlyFirings(AfterPane.elementCountAtLeast(2))
                            .withLateFirings(Never.ever()))
                    .discardingFiredPanes()
                    .withAllowedLateness(allowedLateness))
            .apply(WithKeys.<Integer, String>of(1))
            .apply(GroupByKey.<Integer, String>create())
            .apply(Values.<Iterable<String>>create())
            .apply(Flatten.<String>iterables());

    IntervalWindow window = windowFn.assignWindow(new Instant(100));
    PAssert.that(values)
        .inWindow(window)
        .containsInAnyOrder(
            "firstPane", "alsoFirstPane", "onTimePane", "finalLatePane", "alsoFinalLatePane");
    PAssert.that(values)
        .inCombinedNonLatePanes(window)
        .containsInAnyOrder("firstPane", "alsoFirstPane", "onTimePane");
    PAssert.that(values).inOnTimePane(window).containsInAnyOrder("onTimePane");
    PAssert.that(values)
        .inFinalPane(window)
        .containsInAnyOrder("finalLatePane", "alsoFinalLatePane");

    p.run();
  }

  @Test
  public void testFirstElementLate() throws IOException {
    Instant lateElementTimestamp = new Instant(-1_000_000);
    CreateStream<String> source =
        CreateStream.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), batchDuration())
                    .emptyBatch()
                    .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(new Instant(0))
                    .emptyBatch()
                    .nextBatch(
                        TimestampedValue.of("late", lateElementTimestamp),
                        TimestampedValue.of("onTime", new Instant(100)))
                    .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity();

    FixedWindows windowFn = FixedWindows.of(Duration.millis(1000L));
    Duration allowedLateness = Duration.millis(5000L);
    PCollection<String> values = p.apply(source)
        .apply(Window.<String>into(windowFn).triggering(DefaultTrigger.of())
            .discardingFiredPanes()
            .withAllowedLateness(allowedLateness))
        .apply(WithKeys.<Integer, String>of(1))
        .apply(GroupByKey.<Integer, String>create())
        .apply(Values.<Iterable<String>>create())
        .apply(Flatten.<String>iterables());

    PAssert.that(values)
        .inWindow(windowFn.assignWindow(lateElementTimestamp))
        .empty();
    PAssert.that(values)
        .inWindow(windowFn.assignWindow(new Instant(100)))
        .containsInAnyOrder("onTime");

    p.run();
  }

  @Test
  public void testElementsAtAlmostPositiveInfinity() throws IOException {
    Instant endOfGlobalWindow = GlobalWindow.INSTANCE.maxTimestamp();
    CreateStream<String> source =
        CreateStream.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), batchDuration())
            .nextBatch(
                TimestampedValue.of("foo", endOfGlobalWindow),
                TimestampedValue.of("bar", endOfGlobalWindow))
            .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity();

    FixedWindows windows = FixedWindows.of(Duration.standardHours(6));
    PCollection<String> windowedValues = p.apply(source)
        .apply(Window.<String>into(windows))
        .apply(WithKeys.<Integer, String>of(1))
        .apply(GroupByKey.<Integer, String>create())
        .apply(Values.<Iterable<String>>create())
        .apply(Flatten.<String>iterables());

    PAssert.that(windowedValues)
        .inWindow(windows.assignWindow(GlobalWindow.INSTANCE.maxTimestamp()))
        .containsInAnyOrder("foo", "bar");
    p.run();
  }

  @Test
  public void testMultipleStreams() throws IOException {
    CreateStream<String> source =
        CreateStream.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), batchDuration())
            .nextBatch("foo", "bar")
            .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity();
    CreateStream<Integer> other =
        CreateStream.of(VarIntCoder.of(), batchDuration())
            .nextBatch(1, 2, 3, 4)
            .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity();

    PCollection<String> createStrings =
        p.apply("CreateStrings", source)
            .apply("WindowStrings",
                Window.<String>configure().triggering(AfterPane.elementCountAtLeast(2))
                    .withAllowedLateness(Duration.ZERO)
                    .accumulatingFiredPanes());
    PAssert.that(createStrings).containsInAnyOrder("foo", "bar");

    PCollection<Integer> createInts =
        p.apply("CreateInts", other)
            .apply("WindowInts",
                Window.<Integer>configure().triggering(AfterPane.elementCountAtLeast(4))
                    .withAllowedLateness(Duration.ZERO)
                    .accumulatingFiredPanes());
    PAssert.that(createInts).containsInAnyOrder(1, 2, 3, 4);

    p.run();
  }

  @Test
  public void testFlattenedWithWatermarkHold() throws IOException {
    Instant instant = new Instant(0);
    CreateStream<Integer> source1 =
        CreateStream.of(VarIntCoder.of(), batchDuration())
            .emptyBatch()
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(5)))
            .nextBatch(
                TimestampedValue.of(1, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(2, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(3, instant))
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(10)));
    CreateStream<Integer> source2 =
        CreateStream.of(VarIntCoder.of(), batchDuration())
            .emptyBatch()
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(1)))
            .nextBatch(
                TimestampedValue.of(4, instant))
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(2)))
            .nextBatch(
                TimestampedValue.of(5, instant))
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(5)))
            .emptyBatch()
            .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity();

    PCollection<Integer> windowed1 = p
        .apply("CreateStream1", source1)
        .apply("Window1", Window.<Integer>into(FixedWindows.of(Duration.standardMinutes(5)))
            .triggering(AfterWatermark.pastEndOfWindow())
            .accumulatingFiredPanes()
            .withAllowedLateness(Duration.ZERO));
    PCollection<Integer> windowed2 = p
        .apply("CreateStream2", source2)
        .apply("Window2", Window.<Integer>into(FixedWindows.of(Duration.standardMinutes(5)))
            .triggering(AfterWatermark.pastEndOfWindow())
            .accumulatingFiredPanes()
            .withAllowedLateness(Duration.ZERO));

    PCollectionList<Integer> pCollectionList = PCollectionList.of(windowed1).and(windowed2);
    PCollection<Integer> flattened = pCollectionList.apply(Flatten.<Integer>pCollections());
    PCollection<Integer> triggered = flattened
        .apply(WithKeys.<Integer, Integer>of(1))
        .apply(GroupByKey.<Integer, Integer>create())
        .apply(Values.<Iterable<Integer>>create())
        .apply(Flatten.<Integer>iterables());

    IntervalWindow window = new IntervalWindow(instant, instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(5L)));
    PAssert.that(triggered).inOnTimePane(window).containsInAnyOrder(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

    p.run();
  }

  /**
   * Test multiple output {@link ParDo} in streaming pipelines.
   * This is currently needed as a test for https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/BEAM-2029 since
   * {@link org.apache.beam.sdk.testing.ValidatesRunner} tests do not currently run for Spark runner
   * in streaming mode.
   */
  @Test
  public void testMultiOutputParDo() throws IOException {
    Instant instant = new Instant(0);
    CreateStream<Integer> source1 =
        CreateStream.of(VarIntCoder.of(), batchDuration())
            .emptyBatch()
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(instant.plus(Duration.standardMinutes(5)))
            .nextBatch(
                TimestampedValue.of(1, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(2, instant),
                TimestampedValue.of(3, instant))
            .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity();

    PCollection<Integer> inputs = p.apply(source1);

    final TupleTag<Integer> mainTag = new TupleTag<>();
    final TupleTag<Integer> additionalTag = new TupleTag<>();

    PCollectionTuple outputs = inputs.apply(ParDo.of(new DoFn<Integer, Integer>() {

      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      @ProcessElement
      public void process(ProcessContext context) {
        Integer element = context.element();
        context.output(element);
        context.output(additionalTag, element + 1);
      }
    }).withOutputTags(mainTag, TupleTagList.of(additionalTag)));

    PCollection<Integer> output1 = outputs.get(mainTag).setCoder(VarIntCoder.of());
    PCollection<Integer> output2 = outputs.get(additionalTag).setCoder(VarIntCoder.of());

    PAssert.that(output1).containsInAnyOrder(1, 2, 3);
    PAssert.that(output2).containsInAnyOrder(2, 3, 4);

    p.run();
  }

  @Test
  public void testElementAtPositiveInfinityThrows() {
    CreateStream<Integer> source =
        CreateStream.of(VarIntCoder.of(), batchDuration())
            .nextBatch(TimestampedValue.of(-1, BoundedWindow.TIMESTAMP_MAX_VALUE.minus(1L)))
            .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity();
    thrown.expect(IllegalArgumentException.class);
    source.nextBatch(TimestampedValue.of(1, BoundedWindow.TIMESTAMP_MAX_VALUE));
  }

  @Test
  public void testAdvanceWatermarkNonMonotonicThrows() {
    CreateStream<Integer> source =
        CreateStream.of(VarIntCoder.of(), batchDuration())
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(new Instant(0L));
    thrown.expect(IllegalArgumentException.class);
    source
        .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(new Instant(-1L))
        .advanceNextBatchWatermarkToInfinity();
  }

  @Test
  public void testAdvanceWatermarkEqualToPositiveInfinityThrows() {
    CreateStream<Integer> source =
        CreateStream.of(VarIntCoder.of(), batchDuration())
            .advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(BoundedWindow.TIMESTAMP_MAX_VALUE.minus(1L));
    thrown.expect(IllegalArgumentException.class);
    source.advanceWatermarkForNextBatch(BoundedWindow.TIMESTAMP_MAX_VALUE);
  }

  private Duration batchDuration() {
    return Duration.millis(
        (p.getOptions().as(SparkPipelineOptions.class)).getBatchIntervalMillis());
  }
}