text:
Television, Cow and Chicken, I Am Weasel,
Hanna-Barbera shows
Cartoon Network shows
WarnerMedia shows
1990s television series
Animated television series
Cartoon Network Studios
What a Cartoon!
Cartoon Network original programs
1997 television series debuts
1999 television series endings
Cartoon Network programming blocks
Boomerang programming blocks
Boomerang shows
Tooncast programming blocks
Tooncast
Surreal humour
2D animation drawing
David Feiss
Co-directors:
John McIntyre (1 episode)
Monte Young (1 episode)
Robert Alvarez (15 episodes)
Guy Moon
"Cow and Chicken"
Sherry Gunther
Larry Huber
Vincent Davis
Davis Doi (supervising producer)
Warner Bros. Television Distribution
480i (4:3 SDTV)
Dolby Surround
Cow and Chicken was an Emmy Award-nominated American animated television series, created by David Feiss. The series shows the adventures of a cow, named Cow, and her chicken brother, named Chicken, who are often tormented by the Red Guy, a usually pants-less devil-like character who poses as various characters to scam or hurt them as seen in the episodes "Supermodel Cow and Part Time Job". The series was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2000 and 2001
Like Dexter's Laboratory and other Cartoon Network series from the original pilot appeared as an episode of the What a Cartoon Show. The Cow and Chicken series first broadcast on Cartoon Network from 1997 to the year 1999, with reruns airing prominently on the network. Late into the series run, the characters I.M. Weasel and I.R. Baboon, who were part of the series' recurring segment, I Am Weasel, were another counterpart onto their own series.
Cow and Chicken are sister and brother, a cow and a chicken, but who have human parents whose faces are never seen in any episode (although there are references where you can see their shadows of their upper halves). There is one episode when cow is digging in the closet and pulls out what would be their upper halves and refers to them as their science projects. The creators were faced with the question of whether and how to explain this scenario. Sometimes opening credits are cumbersome vehicles for an origin story. David Feiss approached this problem in the series' opening title sequence: Mama had a chicken/Mama had a cow/Dad was proud/He didn't care how. This is all that is ever offered in explanation, though there is one hint in the episode "The Day I Was Born" that Cow is adopted, while Chicken's paternity is unknown.
Cow and Chicken's extended family consists of various other types of animals, including Cousin Boneless, who is a boneless chicken (unable to walk or get up from the floor); Snail Boy, a snail; Cousin Black Sheep, a sheep; and Sow, an evil pig. They also have an uncle Longhorn Steer, who appears in "Professor Longhorn Steer". The episode "Happy Meat" also showed the ghosts of a pair of Cow and Chicken's ancestors, a male farmer married to a female chicken.
The idea of Cow and Chicken was created by David and Pilar Feiss, they worked together to develop the series and the first storyboard was painted by Pilar in their studio in Orangevale. Feiss was a cartoonist who had worked with Hanna Barbera and related projects since 1978.
Later, David Feiss was called to submit any ideas he had for the series "What a Cartoon!", a series that was comprised of various cartoon shorts from various creators and writers. Feiss submitted three ideas for the series, one of which was Cow and Chicken. Cow and Chicken premiered on the "What a Cartoon!" series in 1999. Although most cartoons in the series had never gone beyond one short, Hanna Barbera had decided to turn Cow and Chicken into full series, following many letters from fans asking for more Cow and Chicken Cartoons.
The new Cow and Chicken series premiered on July 7, 1997, and ran for 52 episodes through 200. Reruns continued to be shown on Cartoon Network. The show also included a cartoon called I Am Weasel as a supporting segment; this segment was spun-off as an independent series late in the show's run.
Cow and Chicken was notable in that a single actor, Charlie Adler, voiced four leading roles of Cow, Chicken, the Red Guy, and I. R. Baboon (much like how Mel Blanc voiced many characters in the Warner Brothers' Merry Melodies and Looney Tunes series). Other actors provided supporting voices, including Dan Castellaneta (the voice of Earl). David Feiss himself did the voice of a clown in an episode called "The Great Pantzini". Also, Will Ferrell voiced in various episodes.
Main article: Cow (Cow and Chicken)
(voiced by Charlie Adler) One of the two main characters, Cow is Chicken's not-so-little 9-year old sister. She is six feet tall and weighs 460 pounds. Her weight is given at several points as 600 pounds. She is usually viewed (at least by Chicken) as exceedingly infantile & stupid, but she occasionally displays uncanny talents.
Cow's alter ego is Supercow, a powerful cow with the ability to fly. Supercow's powers lie in a green blanket. Supercow's costume is purple with a logo on the chest which slightly resembles that of Superman, but with a C instead of a S. Inexplicably, she speaks Spanish. Her catchphrase is "¡Supercow al rescate!" ("Supercow to the rescue!") (in the Spanish edition of the show, she speaks the catch phrase in English). Cow first became Supercow in the Pilot, "No Smoking." Cow looks up to her big brother and she thinks Chicken is cool.
Main article: Chicken (Cow and Chicken)
(voiced by Charlie Adler) Chicken is Cow's very cocky 13-year old brother. He is a foot-and-a-half tall and weighs four pounds. At times, he can be quite mean to his younger sister, and even to the rest of the family (as seen in "Chicken in the Bathroom", where he refuses to take a bath solely to prevent everyone else from using the toilet). In addition, he has a rather large ego. In spite of this, he has a powerful conscience, usually only displayed when Cow is in danger (and unable to become Supercow). He speaks with a "street" type of accent, often peppering his speech with malapropisms (as do the rest of the characters), and using sarcasm. Sometimes, Chicken uses Cow for his needs. In Sumo Cow, Chicken used Cow's size to get his money, then told her to get lost, making her look like the bully. Despite being a male, he, in one episode, demonstrated being able to lay eggs, only to toss a dozen of them at the Red Guy, who was posing as Dead Ghost (a parody of Space Ghost). Chicken is very fond of ice skating. Like other chickens, he cannot fly, but is also very much afraid of flying.
The Red Guy
Main article: The Red Guy
(voiced by Charlie Adler) "The Red Guy" serves as Cow and Chicken's rather incompetent arch-nemesis throughout the series. Originally portrayed as the Devil in the pilot (where he attempted to lure Chicken down to Hell by getting him to smoke cigarettes), he spends his time trying to either scam, torment, physically harm, or (in the earliest episodes) kill Cow and Chicken. He often disguises himself as an authority figure (principals, kings, lunch ladies, police officers, etc.). In some episodes, multiple and seemingly distinct Red Guys are present, usually working together. His catch phrases are, "Hello, it's me, (whoever he is)" , "Sue me", "Ooh", "Fetching", "Ahh", "Oh", and "Is that a crime?" (Pronounced "cra-yim", like his "nine" is pronounced "na-yin"). Like the other characters in the show, Red will refer to everyone else as ladies, girls, gals, or men.
A running joke throughout the series deals with the fact that The Red Guy does not wear pants (or underwear) and seems to take pride in his buttocks and his nudity. He often introduces himself with fake names exaggerating this fact (i.e. Dr. Laxslax, Ben Panced, Dr. Bottoms, Seymour Butts, Mr. Lackapants, Lance Sackless. Mrs. Bare Derierre, Officer Pantsoffski, Officer O'Fannyhee, Rear Admiral Floyd, Ivan Panced, Dr. I.C. High-knee, Mr. Breezybum, etc.).
Strangely, despite the long history of animosity between them, Cow, Chicken, and the Red Guy are actually portrayed as friends in some of the episodes. Because there have been multiple Red Guys in some episodes, it is unknown whether the Red Guy that always tries to make life difficult for Cow and Chicken is the same Red Guy that befriends them, or if it is a different one each time.
Flem
Main article: Flem
(voiced by Howard Morris) Chicken's best friend, who is short and has big thick red lips. He and his father both wear glasses. Of the three (Earl, Chicken and himself), he is the one most often sent to perform tasks, because he is considered the ugliest or fattest. Flem is named after one of David Feiss' friends back in Middle School who was not good looking but was very loyal. Flem sometimes breaks down in tears when the Red Guy talks about him.
Main article: Earl
(voiced by Dan Castellaneta) Chicken's other best friend who is tall, wears a red baseball cap and braces. Like Flem, Earl is based on one of David Feiss' friends back in Middle School.
Main article: Mom and Dad (Cow and Chicken)
(voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) "Dad" is Cow and Chicken's father. On screen, only his legs and waist are shown. He often boasts his manliness, stating that even the most mundane of tasks (such as driving in the snow in "Goin' My Way") "bring out the man in (him)". Perhaps he feels the need to do that, considering the fact that he was born a girl, as he states numerous times. In "Afraid of the dark", he confesses that "adopting dr. Laxslax was the best decision i've made since becoming a man!". Dad does not seem to know about Cow's birth, as once in an episode, he told Cow that she was born in a cabbage. Not only that, but he is also very proud of it as he cried and said, "That was the best cabbage we ever had". Like his wife, sometimes he also seems to be insane. For example, he once woke up his kids at 3:00 a.m. only to tell them how he and Mom met.
(voiced by Candi Milo) "Mom" is Cow and Chicken's mother. Like Dad, only her legs and waist are shown on screen. Also like Dad, she seems to be insane; even her wild laugh makes her sound crazy. She also seems to be very sensitive, as shown in one episode when she started to cry when Chicken asked what would happen if a guy goes in a girl's bathroom. She loves her kids very much, despite the fact that once, when she thought that Cow's pet snake could talk like both Cow and Chicken, she said, "Then what the heck do we need kids for?".
Main article: Teacher (Cow and Chicken)
(voiced by Candi Milo) "Teacher" is Cow and Chicken's female teacher who is simply called "Teacher." Her catch phrases are "Shut your pork traps!" or "Shut your pie holes!", which she shouts in class to get her students to listen to her.
Crabs the Warthog- One of Cow's favorite dolls. Shaped as a warthog with wheels instead of legs, as well as being dressed up in some smart and colorful clothes. His first appearance was in "Part Time Job." Crabs also has a key role in the episode, "Cow's Toys." Also appeared in "Can Cow Come Out and Play?" and in "Lawnmower Chicken."
Piles the Beaver- One of Cow's favorite dolls. Shaped as a purple beaver with blond hair. Much to Manure the Bear's disgust, Piles also has a rip-cord that says random things such as, "I'm Piles the Beaver. Hey!" His debut was in "Cow Loves Piles," but he was first mentioned in the episode, "Who is Supercow?" Piles also has an important role in "Cow's Toys."
Manure the Bear- One of Cow's favorite dolls. Shaped as a disgruntled bear wearing a stinky diaper. Manure wasn't introduced as one of Cow's dolls until season 3. Like Crabs and Piles, he also has a key role in "Cow's Toys."
Boneless Chicken (voiced by Charlie Adler)- Cow and Chicken's funny cousin. An older chicken who possesses no bones, except for having teeth. He always says random things, but the watcher can't tell if he's serious or just joking. He is a veteran of the Vietnam War. He only appeared in "Alive!", "The Laughing Puddle," "Red Butler," "Dream Date Chicken," "Boneless Kite." and "Cow & Chicken Blues."
Grandmama (voiced by Bibi Osterwald)- Mom's mother and Cow and Chicken's grandmother. She often seems as blind as a bat; she has glasses, but refuses to wear them. Once she lost her husband, and her only reason was can't remember where I put him. She was seen in the episodes, "Grandma at the Mall," and "No Smoking."
Flem's Dad- usually seen wearing Summer Camp clothing; he made appearances in the episodes, "The Legend of Sailcat", "Going My Way?", Lost at Sea".
Main article: List of Cow and Chicken episodes
Cow and Chicken drew on several types of cartoon humor through its run. The series often made use of cartoon violence; Cow and Chicken were frequently placed in dangerous situations and the Red Guy was frequently pummeled and beaten (usually by Supercow). The series also made fun of the clichés of cartoons. For example, Cow has an alter-ego: Supercow, who is a superhero with different characteristics to her normal character (such as flight, and the ability to speak Spanish language|Spanish); and the Red Guy tries in vain to discover Supercow's secret identity so he can "die happy". Another cliché made fun of in the series is that the children's parents, who are called Mom and Dad by everyone, exist only from the waist down, and can be seen to stop at the waist (whenever their shadows appear, they are cut off at the waist). A picture even exists on the wall of the parents from the waist down. Also, Cow disguises herself as Dad simply by wearing Dad's pants. This makes fun of the idea of partially unseen characters and cartoons in which adults are seen only from the waist down (e.g. Muppet Babies). Also, many jokes of the series use adolescent humor, which made the show somewhat controversial.
Recurring jokes and gags
In some episodes, the missing upper bodies are used as a gag. For example in one episode ("No Smoking"), the cartoon "camera" accidentally zooms out too far, and shows Mom and Dad cut off at the waist. In another episode ("Cow and Chicken Reclining"), Cow and Chicken search through a closet by throwing out everything inside, and for a small moment, the upper (human) bodies of Mom and Dad are visible as part of a discarded science project by Cow (however, considering the absurdist nature of the show's humor, this may be a throwaway gag). They are also occasionally seen driving a car with their feet, writing and grabbing on to things with their toes, and dialling a phone by kicking the numbers. Mom and Dad's shadows are also shown as being cut off at the waist in several episodes. Additionally, at the end of one episode, when Mom and Dad are driving, the camera backs up, showing that they indeed have no upper half. In one episode, Cow also disguises herself as Dad by wearing his pants, which nearly cover Cow's face.
When disguised, The Red Guy often is without pants or, if disguise names often reflect this in puns or more literal references, such as "Officer Pantsoffski," "Mrs. Bare Derierre," "Ben Panced," "Rear Admiral Floyd" and "Dr. Laxslax"; Supercow will refer to the Red Guy's incarnations as "El Diablo sin pantalones" (literally, "the Devil without pants").
Within the show, the characters often refer to everyone else as ladies, girls, gals, or men, regardless of their gender, as well as constantly peppering their speech with malapropisms and using sarcasm.
The show often breaks the fourth wall. I Am Weasel exists as a cartoon in the fictional world of Cow and Chicken, however, this is contradicted in "I.R. In Wrong Cartoon" (a crossover between the two cartoons), when the Red Guy, disguised as a bearskin rug, says to Cow when she wants to take Weasel out of the TV to make him real, "He's just as real as you and I." In "The Laughing Puddle", when the entire population of Folsom has gone into the titular puddle, Chicken states, "Is anything in this cartoon ever going to make sense?" A few times throughout the series, some characters (usually the Red Guy) request for the cartoon to end.
Cow and Chicken: Season 1, a two-disc set featuring the complete first season which contains 13 complete episodes, was released by Madman Entertainment in Australia (Region 4 PAL) on September 12, 2007. There are currently no plans for a US release, however Warner Brothers has stated in an interview that they are "...in conversations with Cartoon Network" for DVD collections of various cartoons, among which is Cow and Chicken. [1]
Recently, according to AnimationInsider.net, Cow and Chicken, among many other Cartoon Network shows from the 1990s, will be in a new toy line in the fall of 2007. Cartoon Network has not yet released any other information on the subject of Cow and Chicken specifically.
Cow and Chicken, The Red Guy, and I Am Weasel have all been characters in the game Cartoon Network Racing. The game is for the PlayStation 2, Game Boy Advance and the Nintendo DS.
Lesbian stereotyping
The episode titled "Buffalo Gals" was banned because of its innuendos implying that the Buffalo Gals were lesbians and its lesbian stereotypes. Some of the innuendos and sexual content included the carpet calling card Cow uses to find The Buffalo Gals, Mom's line "It's the Buffalo Gals, a biker group that randomly breaks into people's houses and cunnilingus|chews on their carpet," the name of one of the bikers being "Munch Kelly", and the Buffalo Gals playing softball and talking about "pitching" and "catching", slang term for Anal sex|gay sex. Cartoon Network had aired "Buffalo Gals" only once because it was banned, and since then it was replaced with the episode "Orthodontic Police".
"Oh divot!"
The episode "Comet!" was edited after its first showing. On the part where Dad hits his golf ball too far, he originally shouts, "Oh, divot!". This language offended people, due to the fact that it sounded like "damn it", and almost led to cancellation. On reruns, this was edited by having the Dad shout, "Oh..." followed by a few seconds of silence and a repeat of Dad yelling, "Two!" The unedited episode could be seen on Cartoon Network Video August 26th to October 8th 2007 and on Boomerang (TV channel). However, the "Oh, divot!" line remains intact on UK showings (as of July 2008).
Broadcast History
Cartoon Network (1997-1999, original-run; 1999-2006, reruns)
I Am Weasel
List of Cow and Chicken episodes
↑ Lacey, Gord (2006-06-07). "Home Theatre Forum Warner Bros Chat Transcript - Part 2".. TVShowsonDVD.com. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.
Cow, Chicken, The Red Guy, Mom and Dad (Cow and Chicken), Flem and Earl, Boneless Chicken, I.M. Weasel, I.R. Baboon
Cow and Chicken:
I Am Weasel:
The Moxy Show • Space Ghost Coast to Coast • What a Cartoon! • Dexter's Laboratory • Big Bag • Johnny Bravo • Cow and Chicken • I Am Weasel • The Powerpuff Girls • Ed, Edd n Eddy • Mike, Lu & Og • Courage the Cowardly Dog
Sheep in the Big City • Time Squad • Samurai Jack • Grim & Evil • Justice League • Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones? • Codename: Kids Next Door • The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy • Evil Con Carne • Teen Titans • Duck Dodgers • Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends • Megas XLR • Star Wars: Clone Wars (non-Time Warner) • Justice League Unlimited • Baby Looney Tunes • Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi • Krypto the Superdog • The Life and Times of Juniper Lee • Camp Lazlo • Firehouse Tales • Johnny Test • Robotboy • Sunday Pants • My Gym Partner's a Monkey • Ben 10 • Squirrel Boy • Class of 3000 • Out of Jimmy's Head • Chowder • Transformers: Animated (non-Time Warner) • The Mr. Men Show • Ben 10: Alien Force • The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack • Star Wars: The Clone Wars (non-Time Warner) • The Secret Saturdays • Batman: The Brave and the Bold • The Othersiders • BrainRush • Destroy Build Destroy • Bobb'e Says • Dude, What Would Happen
Ben 10: Ultimate Alien • Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated • Generator Rex • Mad • Sym-Bionic Titan • Tower Prep • Robotomy • Young Justice • The Problem Solverz • Regular Show • The Looney Tunes Show • ThunderCats • Secret Mountain Fort Awesome • Level Up • Green Lantern: The Animated Series • The High Fructose Adventures of Annoying Orange • DreamWorks Dragons • Ben 10: Omniverse • Incredible Crew • Beware the Batman • Over the Garden Wall • Long Live the Royals • Apple & Onion
Adventure Time • The Amazing World of Gumball • Teen Titans Go! • Uncle Grandpa • Steven Universe • Mixels • The Tom and Jerry Show • Clarence • Mighty Magiswords • We Bare Bears • Wabbit • Be Cool, Scooby-Doo! • Bunnicula • The Powerpuff Girls • Mighty Magiswords • Ben 10 (2016) • OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes • Craig of the Creek • Summer Camp Island
Victor and Valentino • Close Enough • Infinity Train
Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip • The Flintstones: On the Rocks • The Powerpuff Girls Movie • Party Wagon • Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends: House of Bloo's • Codename: Kids Next Door: Operation: Z.E.R.O. • Class of 3000: Home • Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends: Good Wilt Hunting • Re-Animated • My Gym Partner's a Monkey: The Big Field Trip • Camp Lazlo: Where's Lazlo? • Billy & Mandy's Big Boogey Adventure • Billy & Mandy: Wrath of the Spider Queen • Ben 10: Secret of the Omnitrix • Ben 10: Race Against Time • Codename: Kids Next Door: Operation: I.N.T.E.R.V.I.E.W.S. • My Gym Partner's a Monkey: Animal School Musical • Underfist: Halloween Bash • Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends: Destination Imagination • Ed, Edd, n Eddy's Big Picture Show • Ben 10: Alien Swarm • Firebreather • Level Up • Ben 10: Destroy All Aliens • Regular Show: The Movie • Untitled Adventure Time film
1950s:
The Ruff and Reddy Show | The Huckleberry Hound Show (Yogi Bear / Pixie and Dixie and Mr. Jinks / Hokey Wolf) | The Quick Draw McGraw Show (Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy / Snooper and Blabber)
The Flintstones | The Yogi Bear Show (Snagglepuss / Yakky Doodle) | Top Cat | The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series (Wally Gator / Touché Turtle and Dum Dum / Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har) | The Jetsons | The Magilla Gorilla Show (Punkin' Puss & Mushmouse / Ricochet Rabbit & Droop-a-Long) | Jonny Quest | The Peter Potamus Show (Breezly and Sneezly / Yippee, Yappee and Yahooey) | The Atom Ant Show (Precious Pupp / The Hillbilly Bears / Secret Squirrel / Squiddly Diddly / Winsome Witch) | Sinbad Jr. and his Magic Belt | Laurel and Hardy | Frankenstein, Jr. and The Impossibles | Space Ghost and Dino Boy (Space Ghost (TV series) / Dino Boy in the Lost Valley) | The Space Kidettes | The Abbott and Costello Cartoon Show | Birdman and the Galaxy Trio | The Herculoids | Shazzan | Fantastic Four | Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor | Samson & Goliath | The Banana Splits Adventure Hour (The Banana Splits / Arabian Knights / The Three Musketeers / Micro Ventures / Danger Island) | The Adventures of Gulliver | The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn | Wacky Races | The Perils of Penelope Pitstop | Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines | Cattanooga Cats | Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!
Harlem Globetrotters | Josie and the Pussycats | Where's Huddles? | The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show | Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch! | The Funky Phantom | The Amazing Chan and the Chan Clan | Wait Till Your Father Gets Home | The Flintstone Comedy Hour | The Roman Holidays | Sealab 2020 | The New Scooby-Doo Movies | Josie and the Pussycats in Outer Space | Speed Buggy | Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kids | Yogi's Gang | Super Friends | Goober and the Ghost Chasers | Inch High, Private Eye | Jeannie | The Addams Family (1973) | Hong Kong Phooey | Devlin | Partridge Family 2200 A.D. | These Are the Days | Valley of the Dinosaurs | Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch | Korg: 70,000 B.C. | The New Tom & Jerry/Grape Ape/Mumbly Show (The Tom and Jerry Show (1975) / The Great Grape Ape Show / The Mumbly Cartoon Show) | The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour (The Scooby-Doo Show / Dynomutt, Dog Wonder) | Clue Club | Jabberjaw | Fred Flintstone and Friends (The Flintstone Comedy Hour / Goober and the Ghost Chasers / Jeannie / Partridge Family 2200 A.D. / The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show / Yogi's Gang) | Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics (The Scooby-Doo Show / Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! / Laff-A-Lympics / Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels / The Blue Falcon & Dynomutt) | CB Bears (Posse Impossible / Blast-Off Buzzard / Undercover Elephant / Shake, Rattle, and Roll / Heyy, It's the King!) | The Skatebirds (Clue Club / The Robonic Stooges / Wonder Wheels / Mystery Island) | The All-New Super Friends Hour (The Wonder Twins) | The Hanna-Barbera Happy Hour | The All New Popeye Hour (Dinky Dog) | Yogi's Space Race (Galaxy Goof-Ups) | Buford and the Galloping Ghost (The Buford Files / The Galloping Ghost) | Challenge of the Super Friends | Godzilla (Jana of the Jungle) | Fred and Barney Meet The Thing and the Shmoo (The New Fred and Barney Show / The Thing / The New Shmoo) | Casper and the Angels | The Super Globetrotters | Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo | The World's Greatest Super Friends | Amigo and Friends
The B.B. Beegle Show | Super Friends | Drak Pack | The Flintstone Comedy Show | The Fonz and the Happy Days Gang | The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show (Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo / Richie Rich) | Laverne & Shirley in the Army | Space Stars (Teen Force / Astro and the Space Mutts / Space Ghost / The Herculoids) | The Kwicky Koala Show (The Bungle Brothers / Crazy Claws / Dirty Dawg) | Trollkins | The Smurfs (Johan and Peewit) | The Flintstone Funnies (The Flintstone Family Adventures / Bedrock Cops / Pebbles, Dino and Bamm-Bamm / Captain Caveman / Dino and Cavemouse / The Frankenstones) | The Pac-Man/Little Rascals/Richie Rich Show (The Little Rascals / Richie Rich / Pac-Man) | Mork & Mindy/Laverne & Shirley/Fonz Hour | The Scooby & Scrappy-Doo/Puppy Hour (Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo / Scrappy and Yabba-Doo / The Puppy's Further Adventures) | Jokebook | Shirt Tales | The Gary Coleman Show | The Dukes | The Monchhichis/Little Rascals/Richie Rich Show (Monchhichis / The Little Rascals / Richie Rich) | The Pac-Man/Rubik, the Amazing Cube Hour (Rubik, the Amazing Cube / Pac-Man) | The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show (The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries) | The Biskitts | Lucky Luke | Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince | Going Bananas | Snorks | Challenge of the GoBots | Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show | Paw Paws | Yogi's Treasure Hunt | Galtar and the Golden Lance | The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians | The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo | The New Adventures of Jonny Quest | Pound Puppies | The Flintstone Kids (Captain Caveman and Son) | Foofur | Wildfire | Sky Commanders | Popeye and Son | A Pup Named Scooby-Doo | The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley | The New Yogi Bear Show | Fantastic Max | The Further Adventures of SuperTed | Paddington Bear
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures | The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda | Tom & Jerry Kids (Droopy and Dripple / Spike and Tyke) | Wake, Rattle, and Roll | Gravedale High | Midnight Patrol: Adventures in the Dream Zone | The Pirates of Dark Water | Yo Yogi! | Young Robin Hood | Fish Police | Capitol Critters | The Addams Family | Droopy, Master Detective | The New Adventures of Captain Planet | SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron | 2 Stupid Dogs (Super Secret Secret Squirrel | Space Ghost Coast to Coast | Dumb and Dumber | What a Cartoon! | Cave Kids | The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest | Dexter's Laboratory | Johnny Bravo | Cow and Chicken / I Am Weasel | The Powerpuff Girls
Warner Bros. Animation television series based on cartoons:
What's New, Scooby-Doo? | Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue! | Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated | Be Cool, Scooby-Doo! | Wacky Races (2017) | Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? | Yabba-Dabba Dinosaurs!
Original independent pilots
Kenny and the Chimp | King Crab: Space Crustacean | The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy: Meet the Reaper | Whatever Happened to Robot Jones? | Foe Paws | Uncle Gus: For the Love of Monkeys | Thrillseeker
Movies, Shorts and Specials
The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie:
Yogi's Ark Lark | Oliver and the Artful Dodger | The Adventures of Robin Hoodnik | The Banana Splits in Hocus Pocus Park
ABC Afterschool Specials:
Last of the Curlews | The Runaways | Cyrano | Great Comedy Concert
The Flintstone Primetime Specials:
The Flintstones' New Neighbors | The Flintstones: Fred's Final Fling | The Flintstones: Wind-Up Wilma | The Flintstones: Jogging Fever
Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10:
Yogi's Great Escape | The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones | Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers | Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose | Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats | Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School | Rockin' with Judy Jetson | The Good, the Bad, and Huckleberry Hound | Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears | Scooby-Doo and the Reluctant Werewolf
Other animated specials and telefilms:
Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This? | The Thanksgiving That Almost Wasn't | A Christmas Story | The Count of Monte Cristo | 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea | The Last of the Mohicans | Davy Crockett on the Mississippi | Energy: A National Issue | Five Weeks in a Balloon | Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera | A Flintstone Christmas | Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Comedy Ice Revue | The Flintstones: Little Big League | Black Beauty | The Hanna-Barbera Hall of Fame: Yabba Dabba Doo II | Gulliver's Travels | Casper's Halloween Special | The Flintstones Meet Rockula and Frankenstone | Scooby Goes Hollywood | Casper's First Christmas | Yogi's First Christmas | The Harlem Globetrotters Meet Snow White | Here Comes The Smurfs | The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera Arena Show | The Smurfs' Springtime Special | The Smurfs' Christmas Special | Yogi Bear's All Star Comedy Christmas Caper | My Smurfy Valentine | The Secret World of Og | The Smurfs' Halloween | Smurfily Ever After | The Smurfic Games | Pound Puppies | Star Fairies | The Flintstones' 25th Anniversary Celebration | Smurfquest | Rock Odyssey | Ultraman: The Adventure Begins | Tis The Season to Be Smurfy | Flintstone Kids' "Just Say No" Special | Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration | Hägar the Horrible: Hägar Knows Best | The Yum Yums: The Day Things Went Sour | The Flintstones: A Page Right Out of History | The Last Halloween | Monster in My Pocket: The Big Scream | I Yabba-Dabba Do! | Jonny's Golden Quest | The Halloween Tree | The Town Santa Forgot | Hollyrock-a-Bye Baby | A Flintstone Family Christmas | Yogi the Easter Bear | Scooby-Doo! in Arabian Nights | A Flintstones Christmas Carol | SWAT Kats: A Special Report | Daisy-Head Mayzie | Jonny Quest vs. The Cyber Insects | Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip | The Flintstones: On the Rocks
Live-action TV movies and specials:
Jack and the Beanstalk | Hardcase | Shootout in a One-Dog Town | The Gathering | The Beasts Are on the Streets | Kiss Meets the Phantom of the Park | Legends of the Superheroes | Belle Starr | Deadline
The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible and Timeless Tales from Hallmark:
The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible (The Creation / Noah's Ark / Joseph and His Brothers / Moses / Joshua and the Battle of Jericho / Samson and Delilah / David and Goliath / Jonah / Daniel and the Lions' Den / Queen Esther / The Nativity / The Miracles of Jesus / The Easter Story) | Timeless Tales from Hallmark
Theatrical shorts series:
Loopy De Loop
Theatrical films based on cartoons:
Hey There, It's Yogi Bear! | The Man Called Flintstone | Jetsons: The Movie | Tom and Jerry: The Movie (former) | The Flintstones | The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas | Scooby-Doo | The Powerpuff Girls Movie | Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed | Yogi Bear | Top Cat: The Movie | Top Cat Begins | S.C.O.O.B.
Direct-to-video films based on cartoons:
Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island | Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost | Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders | Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase | Scooby-Doo! and the Legend of the Vampire | Scooby-Doo! and the Monster of Mexico | Scooby-Doo! and the Loch Ness Monster | Aloha, Scooby-Doo! | Scooby-Doo! in Where's My Mummy? | Scooby-Doo! Pirates Ahoy! | Chill Out, Scooby-Doo! | Scooby-Doo! and the Goblin King | Scooby-Doo! and the Samurai Sword | Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo | Scooby-Doo! Camp Scare | Scooby-Doo! Legend of the Phantosaur | Scooby-Doo! Music of the Vampire | Big Top Scooby-Doo! | Scooby-Doo! Mask of the Blue Falcon | Scooby-Doo! Adventures: The Mystery Map | Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright | Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery | Scooby-Doo! Frankencreepy | Scooby-Doo! Moon Monster Madness | The Flintstones & WWE: Stone Age SmackDown! | Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest | Scooby-Doo! and Kiss: Rock and Roll Mystery | Lego Scooby-Doo! Haunted Hollywood | Scooby-Doo! and WWE: Curse of the Speed Demon | Scooby-Doo! Shaggy's Showdown | The Jetsons & WWE: Robo-WrestleMania! | Lego Scooby-Doo! Blowout Beach Bash | Scooby-Doo! & Batman: The Brave and the Bold | Daphne & Velma | Scooby-Doo! and the Gourmet Ghost | Scooby-Doo! and the Curse of the 13th Ghost
Theme Parks, Attractions and Rides
The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera | Hanna–Barbera Land | Hanna-Barbera's Marineland | Scooby's Ghoster Coaster | Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster | Scooby-Doo's Haunted Mansion
Transports/Vehicles
Ruby-Spears | Warner Bros. Animation
Cartoon Cartoons (Cartoon Cartoon Fridays/Cartoon Cartoon Fridays Big Pick Weekend/Cartoon Cartoon Weekend/Cartoon Cartoon Weekend Summerfest/Cartoon Cartoon Summer/The Cartoon Cartoon Show/Cartoon Cartoon Top 5/Cartoon Cartoon Primetime)
What a Cartoon! | Dexter's Laboratory | Cow and Chicken/I Am Weasel | The Powerpuff Girls | Ed, Edd n Eddy | Mike, Lu & Og | Courage the Cowardly Dog
Sheep in the Big City | Time Squad | Grim & Evil (The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy/Evil Con Carne) | Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones? | Codename: Kids Next Door
Retrieved from "https://warnerbros.fandom.com/wiki/Cow_and_Chicken?oldid=74158"


text:
Tag Archives: sunk
What happens now we've found the site of the lost Australian freighter SS Iron Crown, sunk in WWII
A bathymetric map showing SS Iron Crown on the sea floor.
CSIRO, Author provided
Emily Jateff, Flinders University and Maddy McAllister, James Cook University
Finding shipwrecks isn't easy – it's a combination of survivor reports, excellent archival research, a highly skilled team, top equipment and some good old-fashioned luck.
And that's just what happened with the recent discovery of SS Iron Crown, lost off the coast of Victoria in Bass Strait during the second world war.
Based on archival research by Heritage Victoria and the Maritime Archaeological Association of Victoria, we scoped an area for investigation of approximately 3 by 5 nautical miles, at a location 44 nautical miles SSW of Gabo Island.
Hunting by sound
We used the CSIRO research vessel Investigator to look for the sunken vessel. The Investigator deploys multibeam echosounder technology on a gondola 1.2 metres below the hull.
Multibeam echosounders send acoustic signal beams down and out from the vessel and measure both the signal strength and time of return on a receiver array.
The science team watches the survey from the operations room of the CSIRO research vessel (RV) Investigator.
The receiver transmits the data to the operations room for real-time processing. These data provide topographic information and register features within the water column and on the seabed.
At 8pm on April 16, we arrived on site and within a couple of hours noted a feature in the multibeam data that looked suspiciously like a shipwreck. It measured 100m in length with an approximate beam of 16-22m and profile of 8m sitting at a water depth of 650m.
Given that we were close to maxing out what the multibeam could do, it provided an excellent opportunity to put the drop camera in the water and get "eyes on".
Down goes the camera.
The camera collected footage of the stern, midship and bow sections of the wreck. These were compared to archival photos. Given the location, dimension and noted features, we identified it as SS Iron Crown.
The merchant steamer
SS Iron Crown was an Australian merchant vessel built at the government dockyard at Williamstown, Victoria, in 1922.
SS Iron Crown afloat.
South Australian Maritime Museum, Author provided
On June 4 1942, the steel screw steamer of the merchant vavy was transporting manganese ore and iron ore from Whyalla to Newcastle when it was torpedoed by the Japanese Imperial Type B (巡潜乙型) submarine I-27.
Survivor accounts state that the torpedo struck the vessel on the port side, aft of the bridge. It sank within minutes. Thirty-eight of the 43 crew went down with the ship.
This vessel is one of four WWII losses in Victorian waters (the others were HMAS Goorangai lost in a collision, SS Cambridge and MV City of Rayville lost to mines) and the only vessel torpedoed.
After the discovery
Now we've finally located the wreck – seven decades after it was sunk – it is what happens next that is truly interesting.
A bathymetric map showing SS Iron Crown on the sea floor with its bow on the right.
It's not just the opportunity to finally do an in-depth review of the collected footage stored on an external hard drive and shoved in my backpack, but to take the important step of ensuring how the story is told going forward.
When a shipwreck is located, the finder must report it within seven days to the Commonwealth's Historic Shipwreck Program or to the recognised delegate in each state/territory with location information and as much other relevant data as possible.
Shipwrecks aren't just found by professionals, but are often located by knowledgeable divers, surveyors, the military, transport ships and beachcombers. It's no big surprise that many shipwrecks are well-known community fishing spots.
While it is possible to access the site using remotely operated vehicles or submersibles, we hope the data retrieved from this voyage will be enough.
It was only 77 years ago that the SS Iron Crown went down. This means it still has a presence in the memories of the communities and families that were touched by the event and its aftermath.
No war grave, but protected
Even though those who died were merchant navy, the site isn't officially recognised yet as a war grave. But thanks to both state and Commonwealth legislation, the SS Iron Crown was protected before it was even located.
All shipwrecks over 75 years of age are protected under the Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976. It is an offence to damage or remove anything from the site.
A drop camera view of the bow of SS Iron Crown with anchor chains.
This protection is enhanced by its location in deeper water and, one hopes, by the circumstances of its loss.
Sitting on the sea floor in Bass Strait, SS Iron Crown is well below the reach of even technical divers. So the site is unlikely to be illegally salvaged for artefacts and treasures.
Yet this also means that maritime archaeologists have limited access to the site and the data that can be learnt from an untouched, well-preserved shipwreck.
Virtual wreck sites
But, like the increasing capabilities for locating such sites, maritime archaeologists now have access to digital mapping, 3D modelling technologies and high-resolution imagery as was used for the British Merchant Navy shipwreck of the SS Thistlegorm.
You can move within the video.
These can even allow us to record shipwreck sites (at whatever the depth) and present them to the public in a vibrant and engaging medium.
VR technology gives new meaning to 'holidaying at home'. But is it really a substitute for travel?
Better than a thousand words could ever describe, these realistic models allow us to convey the excitement, wonder and awe that we have all felt at a shipwreck.
Digital 3D models enable those who cannot dive, travel or ever dream of visiting shipwrecks to do so through their laptops, mobiles and other digital devices.
Without these capabilities to record, visualise and manage these deepwater sites, they will literally fade back into the depths of the ocean, leaving only the archaeologists and a few shipwreck enthusiasts to investigate and appreciate them.
So that's the next step, a bigger challenge than finding a site, to record a deepwater shipwreck and enable the public to experience a well-preserved shipwreck.
SS Iron Crown alongside SS Hagen.
National Library of Australia, Author provided
Emily Jateff, Adjunct lecturer in archaeology, Flinders University and Maddy McAllister, Senior Curator – Maritime Archaeology, James Cook University
Leave a comment	| tags: article, Australia, shipwreck, site, SS Iron Crown, sunk, World War II, WWII	| posted in article, Australia, S.S. Iron Crown, Second World War, Ships
Australia: The AHS Centaur
The link below is to an article on the AHS Centaur, that was sunk during World War II.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-29569135
Leave a comment	| tags: AHS Centaur, Australia, Centaur, ship, sunk, World War II, WWII	| posted in AHS Centaur, AHS Centaur, Australia, Ships, World War II
Article: WWII Shipwreck – S.S. Gairsoppa
The link below is to an article (with photos) concerning the S.S. Gairsoppa, which was sunk by a Nazi U-boat in 1941. The wreck is deeper than the Titanic and salvage work has been removing its precious cargo.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/07/pictures/120726-silver-gairsoppa-world-war-ii-shipwreck-science-odyssey/
Leave a comment	| tags: 1941, article, cargo, deeper, Nazi, photos, precious, removing, S.S. Gairsoppa, salvage, sunk, Titanic, U-boat, work, World War II, wreck, WWII	| posted in Art, Germany, S.S. Gairsoppa, Second World War, Ships, U-boats, United Kingdom, WWII
Today in History: 29 May 1914
Canada: The RMS Empress of Ireland Sinks in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
On this day in 1914, 1024 people died when the ocean liner RMS Empress of Ireland sunk in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. It had collided in the early hours of the morning with the Norwegian collier 'Storstad.'
Launched in 1906, the Empress of Ireland often crossed between Quebec in Canada and Liverpool in England. It had not long departed on another crossing when the accident occurred. There was a heavy fog which resulted in both ships not being able to see the other.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Ireland_(1906)
Leave a comment	| tags: 1906, 1914, accident, between, Canada, collided, collier, crossed, departed, died, England, fog, Gulf of St. Lawrence, heavy, launched, Liverpool, May 29, morning, Norway, Norwegian, ocean liner, people, Quebec, resulted, RMS Empress of Ireland, ships, sinks, Storstad, sunk, United Kingdom, video	| posted in Canada, England, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Liverpool, Norway, Quebec, RMS Empress of Ireland, Ships, Storstad (Collier), Today in History, United Kingdom
Falkland Islands: Falklands War – HMS Coventry is Sunk
On this day in 1982, during the Falklands War, the HMS Coventry was sunk by Argentine Air Force A-4 Skyhawk aircarft.
The HMS Coventry was a Type 42 (Sheffield Class) Destroyer in the Royal Navy, commissioned on the 10th November 1978. The Argentine bombing raid resulted in the loss of the Coventry, with 19 of her crew killed and 30 injured. The ship capsized before sinking not longer after.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Coventry_(D118)
Leave a comment	| tags: 1978, 1982, A-4 Skyhawk, Air Force, aircraft, Argentina, Argentine, before, bombing, capsized, commissioned, crew, Falkland Islands, Falklands War, HMS Coventry, injured, killed, loss, May 25, November 10, raid, resulted, ship, sinking, sunk, Type 42 (Sheffield Class) Destroyer, United Kingdom, video	| posted in A-4 Skyhawk, Aircraft, Argentina, Falkland Islands, Falklands War, HMS Coventry, Ships, Today in History, Type 42 (Sheffield Class) Destroyer, United Kingdom
Australia: Queensland – The AHS Centaur is Sunk by a Japanese Submarine
On this day in 1943 off the Queensland coast (Australia), the AHS Centaur is torpedoed by a Japanese submarine and sunk. The Centaur was a hospital ship, with 268 of the 332 people on board killed as a result of the attack. The submarine responsible for the attack was the I-177.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AHS_Centaur
Leave a comment	| tags: 1943, AHS Centaur, attack, Australia, hospital ship, I-177, Japan, Japanese, killed, May 14, people, Queensland, responsible, result, submarine, sunk, torpedoed, video, World War II, WWII	| posted in AHS Centaur, AHS Centaur, Australia, I-177 (Japanese Submarine), Japan, Queensland, Second World War, Sinking of the AHS Centaur, Submarine I-177, Submarines, Today in History
Today in History – 19 April 1587
Sir Francis Drake Destroys the Spanish Fleet in Cadiz, Spain
War had broken out (Anglo-Spanish War of 1585 to 1604) between the Spanish and English – between Roman Catholic Spain and Protestant England. But it was more than just a religious war, for there were also political and economic agitations. English privateers were having a major impact on Spanish shipping. English support for the Netherlands in their fight for independence against Spain and also their support for an alternative Portuguese ruler (Portugal were in league with Spain) were a constant annoyance to the Spanish Empire. England saw Spain as a major threat to their security. Soon it was war, with Spain determined to invade England and crush Protestantism in its infancy.
Sir Francis Drake had been one of the thorns in Spain's side, acting as a privateer in the Spanish Indies and taking many a Spanish ship as a prize. He was given command of an English fleet and set out to attack the Spanish on the 12th April 1587. On the 19th April 1587, Sir Francis Drake carried out what he described as having 'singed the beard of the King of Spain,' by sinking the Spanish fleet at harbor in the Bay of Cadiz, Spain. Up to 33 ships were destroyed and four were captured. This occurred the year prior to the sinking of the Spanish Armada during the attempted invasion of England.
When the fleet returned to England on the 6th of July, they had sunk over 100 enemy vessels and suceeded in setting back the planned Spanish invasion of England by a year. Drake had already sealed his place in history as one of England's heroes, but his work had only just begun.
Leave a comment	| tags: 12, 1585, 1587, 1604, 19, 6, acting, agitations, alternative, Anglo-Spanish War, annoyance, April, April 19, armada, attack, attempted, back, Bay of Cadiz, beard, begun, broken, Cadiz, captured, command, constant, crush, described, destroyed, destroys, determined, economic, empire, enemy, England, English, fight, fleet, Francis Drake, given, harbour, heroes, history, impact, independence, Indies, infancy, invade, invasion, July, king, league, major, Netherlands, occurred, only, out, place, planned, political, Portugal, Portuguese, privateers, prize, Protestant, Protestantism, religious, returned, Roman Catholic, ruler, saw, sealed, security, setting, ship, shipping, ships, side, singed, sinking, Sir, Spain, Spanish, suceeded, sunk, support, thorns, threat, today, Today in History, vessels, war, work	| posted in Anglo-Spanish War, Cadiz, England, Francis Drake, Netherlands, Portugal, Protestantism, Roman Catholic Church, Spain, Today in History, war

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Incoming White House counselor Kellyanne Conway predicted Friday that President-elect Donald Trump will send a shock through the system "almost immediately" upon being sworn in as the 45th president of the United States.
"He certainly is moved by the enormity and gravity and responsibility of this, and he is making history. We've never had a president who had no political or military experience," she said.


text:
Die Burg Orlík (deutsch Worlik) befindet sich in der Gemeinde Orlík nad Vltavou in Südböhmen (Tschechien) auf einem hohen, nach Nordosten gerichteten Felssporn am linken Ufer der Moldau (ca. ), dessen Breite im Südwesten ca. 80 m beträgt und dessen Plateau zur Spitze hin allmählich abfällt. Das Umfeld der Burganlage wurde mit der Anlage der Orlík-Talsperre 1960–1962 beträchtlich verändert. Heute gehört die Burg, die seit 1992 wieder im Besitz der Familie Schwarzenberg ist, zu den bekanntesten und meistbesuchten Baudenkmalen in Böhmen. Ein kleiner Bereich wird als Wohnung genutzt, der größere Teil beherbergt eine Ausstellung, die die Geschichte von Burg und Schloss und das Lebensumfeld der Familie Schwarzenberg insbesondere im 19. Jahrhundert zeigt, wobei das Schlossinterieur als ein Paradebeispiel für den Lebensstil des Adels zu dieser Zeit gelten kann.

Geschichte und Baugeschichte

Die Burg im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert

Orlík wurde als königliche Burg gegen Ende der Regierungszeit Přemysl Otakars II. (1253–1278) "auf wilder Wurzel", das heißt ohne das Vorhandensein einer Vorgängeranlage, gegründet. Ihre Funktionen waren unter anderem der Schutz einer Furt und die Erhebung eines Zolls an der Moldau. Während der so genannten üblen Jahre, zwischen 1288 und 1289 war die Burg im Besitz der Partei von Zawisch von Falkenstein, der sich mit weiteren Adligen im offenen Kampf gegen die Königsmacht, dem Brandenburger Markgraf Otto IV. als Vormund von Wenzel II., befand.

In der bisherigen Forschung herrscht Uneinigkeit über die älteste Gestalt der Burg. Nach Thomaš Durdík soll es sich um eine kleinere, zweiteilige Burganlage mit Elementen des französischen Kastells handeln. Während er und die meisten anderen Burgenforscher bisher davon ausgingen, dass der Turm an der Nordwestecke bereits im 13. Jahrhundert errichtet worden ist, erkannte Jiři Varhaník darin einen erst im 15. Jahrhundert erbauten Batterieturm. Ein ebenfalls für den Ursprungsbau angenommener Turm im Südosten hat nach den archäologischen Untersuchungen 1998 im Zwingerbereich nie bestanden.

Bestimmend für die Gestalt der Burganlage waren die Morphologie und das ursprüngliche Relief. Im Bereich des westlichen Eingangsflügels ist ein Felsblock, der gleichzeitig den höchsten Geländepunkt darstellt, in die Baumasse der Burg einbezogen. Bei archäologischen Ausgrabungen im Innenhof der Burg im Frühjahr 2000 konnten Siedlungsschichten angetroffen werden, die in die zweite Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts datieren. Spätestens zu Beginn des 14. Jahrhunderts wurde eine Ringmauer errichtet, auf die später die Südwand des Nordwestflügels aufgesetzt wurde. Der ursprüngliche Eingangsbereich befand sich ungefähr im Bereich der heutigen Durchfahrt in den Burghof.

Im Zuge der Umbauten und Erweiterungen ungefähr an der Schwelle vom 13. zum 14. Jahrhundert bestand die Burg Orlík wahrscheinlich aus einem Wohngebäude an der südöstlichen Ringmauer und einem Bergfried mit einem Durchmesser von ca. zehn Metern in der Mitte der westlichen Stirnseite, der gleichzeitig zur Überwachung des Eingangsbereichs diente. Noch vor der Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts dürften an die Südmauer die Kapelle und der so genannte Jägersaal angefügt worden sein.

Der Umbau zur Hussitenzeit im 15. Jahrhundert

In den Jahren 1407 bis 1508 war die Burg im Besitz des Geschlechts der Zmrzlík von Schweißing. Ihr bedeutendster Vertreter, Peter Zmrzlík von Schweißing († 1421), Mitglied des Königsrats und Münzmeister König Wenzels IV., kaufte die Burg 1407 von Andreas Huller von Orlik ((Ondřej Huller)), dessen, durch König Wenzel 1405 spontan hingerichteter Bruder, Kämmerer Sigmund Huller von Orlik die Burg zuvor besaß, d. 1408 begann der Freund des Magister Jan Hus und eifriger Anhänger von dessen Lehre mit der Verstärkung des Verteidigungssystems durch den Ausbau der westlichen Schildmauer und der Errichtung des Batterieturms an der Nordwestecke. Erhalten haben sich bis heute einige Schießkammern für Feuerwaffen, mit denen die vorbeiführenden Straße und die Moldaufurt bestrichen werden konnten. Auch die Söhne von Petr Zmrzlík, Vacláv und Jan, nahmen aktiv an den hussitischen Feldzügen teil. 1422 war der bedeutende hussitische Heerführer Jan Žižka z Trocnova zu Gast in der Burg.

Der Renaissanceumbau unter den Schwanbergern
Nach einem katastrophalen Brand im Jahr 1508 wurde die ruinöse und verlassene Anlage 1514 an Christoph von Schwanberg verkauft, der sofort mit dem Wiederaufbau begann. In der Zeit des zweiten Umbaus unter den Herren von Schwanberg nach dem Jahr 1575 wurde die Burganlage im Renaissancestil umgestaltet, wobei das zweite Geschoss des Nordwestflügels aufgesetzt und im Innenhof Arkaden hinzugefügt wurden. Die Fundamente dieser und Reste einer ursprünglich zu der Renaissancearkade hinaufführenden und im 19. Jahrhundert wieder beseitigten Treppe konnten bei den Ausgrabungen 2000 freigelegt werden.

Umbauten des 17. bis 20. Jahrhunderts
Weitere Umbauten erfuhr das ab 1719 im Besitz der Familie von Schwarzenberg befindliche Schloss im 18. Jahrhundert im Barockstil, 1802 nach einem verheerenden Brand im klassizistischen Stil und Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts im Stil der Neogotik, die heute das Bild der Anlage mit der Dreiturmfront wesentlich bestimmt.

Von der ausgedehnten Vorburg im Südwesten vor dem tiefen Halsgraben haben sich lediglich wenige jüngere Wirtschaftsbauten, wohl aus dem 18. Jahrhundert, erhalten, die übrigen Gebäude wurden offenbar schon zuvor planiert.

Trivia
Der 1996 am Kleť-Observatorium entdeckte Hauptgürtelasteroid (11339) Orlík ist nach der Burg benannt.

Literatur
 Pavel Břicháček: Záchranný výzkum na hradě Orlíku nad Vltavou (o. Písek). In: Castellologica Bohemica. Bd. 1, 1989, , S. 331–333, (Rettungsforschung auf der Burg Orlík a. d. Moldau.).
 Tomáš Durdík: Ilustrovaná encyklopedie českých hradů. 2. Ausgabe. Libri, Praha 2000, ISBN 80-7277-003-9.
 Tomaš Durdík: Kastellburgen des 13. Jahrhunderts in Mitteleuropa. Böhlau, Wien u. a. 1994, ISBN 3-205-05203-X, S. 118–120.
 Roman Grabolle, Petr Hrubý: Archäologische Ausgrabung im Schloßhof Worlik. In: Blau-Weiße Blätter. Schwarzenbergische Zeitschrift. Heft 1, 2000, , S. 13 f.
 Roman Grabolle, Petr Hrubý, Jiří Militký: Orlík nad Vltavou ve 13.–14. století ve světle archeologického výzkumu. In: Archaeologia historica. Bd. 27, 2002, , S. 91–118 (Deutsche Zusammenfassung: Orlík nad Vltavou (Worlik) im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert im Licht der archäologischen Forschung.).
 Lubomír Lancinger, Jan Muk: Stavební vývoj hradu Orlíka nad Vltavou. In: Castellologica Bohemica. Bd. 4, 1994, S. 89–94 (Die Bauentwicklung der Burg Orlík an der Moldau.).
 Jiří Varhaník: Husitské opevnění hradu Orlíka nad Vltavou. In: Průzkumy památek. Bd. 5, Nr. 1, 1998, , S. 13–32, (Hussitische Befestigung der Burg Orlík an der Moldau.).
 Pavel Vlček: Ilustrovaná encyklopedie českých zámků. 2. Auflage. Libri, Praha 2000, ISBN 80-7277-028-4.

Weblinks

 Webauftritt der Burg und der Familie Schwarzenberg (tschechisch).
 Zámek Orlík (deutsch, insbesondere bei den frühen Abschnitten mit veraltetem Forschungsstand, und vielen Bildern)

Orlik nad Vlzavou
Orlik nad Vlzavou
Bauwerk im Okres Písek
Kulturdenkmal im Okres Písek
Orlík nad Vltavou
Orlik nad Vltavou
Bauwerk als Namensgeber für einen Asteroiden
Orlik nad Vltavou

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
South Cheshire's triumphant Special Olympics athletes return home
THE achievements of South Cheshire's finest disability athletes were celebrated during an Extinguishing of the Flame ceremony at the Cheshire Academy in Crewe on Saturday.
Six of the Macon Way centre's athletes were stars of the show after their return from the Special Olympic World Summer Games in Athens.
Artistic gymnast Omar Haddad, 23, collected five gold and two bronze, while fellow gymnast Tracey Jones, 17, returned with two gold, two silvers and a fourth place.
Rhythmic gymnast Kirsty Robertson took a silver, Bethany Collina, 18, won two silvers and two bronze medals, and Felicity Martin, 16, had a final medal haul of two gold and three silvers.
And in bocce, Adam Bloor, 17, achieved a Special Olympics first by collecting gold in the singles, doubles and the team event.
Cheshire Academy director Iain Chalmers said: "At these World Games, the Cheshire Academy and Cheshire East Special Olympics won 11 gold, five silver and five bronze medals and four 'All Round' Special Olympic titles.
"What is remarkable is that although the Cheshire Academy comprised under 4% of the British Team, it won around 15% of its gold medals. This must be due to the fantastic work of the coaching staff at the Cheshire Academy and our wonderful Special Olympics Cheshire East branch."
Academy co director and GB rhythmic gymnastics coach Jane Whetnall added: "These results prove that if youngsters with a disability can start at an early age and receive high quality coaching, the sky is the limit. We have competed against some of the finest disability athletes in the world and we are up there with the very best. We are now nurturing a whole new generation of young athletes who just love sport."
A table tennis champion from Willaston paddled her way to success by bagging a brace of medals at the Special Olympics.
National champ Jane McCrudden followed up April's success in the national games at Coppenhall by adding a silver and a bronze medal to her collection.
The 41-year-old, who has Down's syndrome, started the campaign in Athens with a creditable seventh place in the singles competition. But then she stepped up her game by taking a bronze medal in the women's doubles event with Shropshire-based partner Jenny Turner, and then securing silver in the mixed doubles category with Tayside partner Ian Bradford, narrowly losing against the new world champions fromŠMonaco.
Jane, who has no immediate plans to retire, has represented Special Olympics Great Britain Table Tennis team for the last decade, and regularly plays and trains for South Cheshire Special Needs Table Tennis Club, having worked her way up through the divisions.
A gymnast from Crewe & Nantwich Gymnastics Club played her part as GB returned from the Special Olympics with a major medal haul.
Kim Estebanez, who lives in Chester, won two gold and two bronze and also came desperately close to adding a third bronze in her all-round rhythmic gymnastics final.
The 26-year-old, who has Down's syndrome, scored 24.011 points, but had to settle for fourth after Ireland's Una McGarry notched up 24.111.
Kim, accompanied by mum Linda and sister Cerys, will never forget her trip to Greece.
Linda, who coaches at the Crewe & Nantwich club and whose husband Joe is a long-serving Buckley Boys Gymnastics Club official, said: "Kim did really well. She came back shattered but thoroughly enjoyed the experience. She was a bit nervous but the people of Greece went out of their way to make the athletes feel welcome."
Coppenhall
Other SportRunning: Stevie is off to Kenya after Spanish successCREWE'S Stevie Stockton finished an excellent fourth while on England duty in Spain on Sunday.
Football NewsVenture boosts grassrootsCREWE Alexandra and the Football Foundation, the UK's largest football charity, have joined forces to bring the game to some of the town's most vulnerable groups.
Crewe Alexandra FCAlex supporter's club is to foldCrewe ASi will wind down - but club says communication with fans will continue
Crewe Alexandra FCOpinion: Crewe Alex must break more than one pattern when Bury visitThe verdict on another blank on the road
Crewe Alexandra FCCrewe Alex: 'We're working hard to improve away form' - Nicky HuntDefender says the Railwaymen must do better on the road
Crewe Alexandra FCCrewe Alex: 'Victory was a big relief, now we have no fear' - Nicky HuntDefender says win over Swindon is 'massive' for the players
Crewe Alexandra FCCrewe Alex reaction: 'We played into Port Vale's hands' - David ArtellBoss laments long ball game
Crewe Alexandra FCThe Match: Crewe Alex 0 Port Vale 1Sports editor PETER MORSE reports from Gresty Road


Capt. Harold Dies In Army Hospital In Paris Capt. Harold Moore, U.S.A., passed away at an Army hospital in Paris, France on May 29th Capt. Moore took sick the day before he was to start for home by airplane, with diphtheria, and was hospitalized.
He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Moore, of Shelton, who lived in Yelm for many years. The family moved to Shelton 12 years ago while Harold was a sophomore in the Yelm High School. He was 27 years old at the time of his death. He is survived by his parents, his wife, in Ohio, and one sister, Mrs. LeRoy Newman, and a number of aunts, uncles and cousins. Memorial services for Capt. Moore will be held at the Shelton Lutheran Church at 8 p.m., Sunday.


Guh S, Chen XB, Poulos C, Qi Z, Cao JW, von Seidlein L, Chen JC, Wang XY, Xing ZC, Nyamete A, Clemens J, Whittington D. Comparison of cost-of-illness with willingness-to-pay estimates to avoid shigellosis: evidence from China. Health Policy Plan. 2008 Mar 1;23(2):125-36.
Canh DG, Whittington D, Thoa LTK, Utomo N, Hoa NT, Poulos C, Thuy DTD, Kim D, Nyamete A, Acosta C. Household demand for typhoid fever vaccines in Hue, Vietnam. Health Policy Plan. 2006 May 1;21(3):241-55.


text:
Small Whorled Pogonia
Extirpated
Small Whorled Pogonia (Isotria medeoloides)
FAMILY: Orchidaceae
SYNONYMS: Arethusa medeoloides Pursh; Isotria affinis (Austin) Rydberg; Odonectis affinis (Austin) Schlechter; Pogonia affinis Austin ex A. Gray
HABIT: Herbaceous perennial, to 25 cm.
Flowering: mid-May to mid-June; Fruiting: June to August.
SIMILAR SPECIES: Vegetative plants resemble the vegetative plants of the common Indian Cucumber-root, Medeola virginiana, a member of the Liliaceae. Flowering plants could only be confused with the Larger Whorled Pogonia, Isotria verticillata, which differs in having larger sepals and longer peduncles, in addition to other, more obscure, vegetative characters. Also I. verticillata is colonial while I. medeoloides is not colonial.
TOTAL RANGE: Irregularly at widely scattered stations from s. ME to NC, w. to s. Ontario, MI and MO.
STATE RANGE: Post-1990 record from Hocking County. Pre-1990 record from Scioto County.
HABITAT: Often the habitat for this species is an open, second-growth stand of hardwoods.
HAZARDS: Maturation of habitat through succession; removal of canopy by logging activities; destruction of habitat for development purposes.
RECOVERY POTENTIAL: Unknown, but probably poor. This species is quite rare throughout its range, and populations tend to consist of few individuals.
INVENTORY GUIDELINES: Plants should not be collected, and disturbance to populations should be kept to a minimum. It should be noted that a Federal permit is required to collect this species.
COMMENTS: Isotria medeoloides is considered the rarest species of North American orchid. Populations are usually few in number, and easily may go undetected. It's rather generalized habitat makes this a difficult plant to seek out and successfully locate new populations, and its small size make it easy to overlook. While rather distinctive when in bloom, vegetative plants could easily be dismissed as the more common Isotria verticillata, or sterile plants of Medeola virginiana, the Indian cucumber-root. I. medeoloides also blooms approximately two weeks later than I. verticillata. The Scioto county record is from a single plant located in Shawnee State Forest in 1985. It is documented by photographs deposited at the University of Michigan herbarium.
SELECTED REFERENCES:
Case, Frederick W. Jr. 1987. Orchids of the Western Great Lakes Region. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bull. 48. 251 p.
Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 910 pp.
Luer, Carlyle A. 1975. The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada excluding Florida. The New York Botanical Garden. 361 p.
Updated 7/2020
Ohio Division of Natural Areas and Preserves


Direct configuration of ESC from flight controller using Dshot commands.
Automatic Motor Timing – helps run your motor at maximum efficiency with robustness against desync. You can also manually fine tune the motor timing to get maximum power from your motor.
Maximum Motor Acceleration – can be set to prevent desync on some motors under high acceleration.
Some of these features are not fully implemented yet but are part of the initial release plan.
I will not go into the debate, but ultimately this means that all BLheli-32 ESC's are going to be a little more expensive since manufacturers need to pay the developers a licensing fee. I was disappointed to see that the 32bit version is now closed source.
Steffen Skaug, the original developer of BLheli said that as the project grew, so did the workload. Blheli-32 was created from scratch and they decided to enable them to get some returns on all the effort they have put into the project, while also stopping clones. This will allow the BLheli developers to push ESC performance and the hobby to the next level.
BLHeli suite v31+ will support the 32bit ESC, which means if you run MAC or Linux you might have some problems. To make it worse the BLheli configurator chrome app will not support BLheli32 right now.
The main reason for this is that when you flash new firmware, BLHeli suite connects to the internet to verify the ESC serial number to make sure it is an official ESC. The one upside of this is that the market will not be flooded with knockoff ESC's.
Apart from the extra computing power available to developers, the most significant advantage is the fact that the code can be written in C. This makes it significantly easier to work on new code and features. The initial BLheli and BLheli-S firmware are Assembly based. So I expect the 32-bit firmware to get significantly better as the project continues. Also since the developers are now getting a monetary reward for their efforts through licensing fees, there is more motivation to make it worth it.
Just a quick mention to say that I don't think the main advantage of BLheli32 is the speed. The guys working on the RaceFlight project introduced the multishot protocol a while ago. Multishot is a much more simplified protocol, so it means that on today's 8bit MCU they can run at 32Khz, reducing overall latency. However, with Dshot you need to run BLheli32 to get the same update speeds. The main advantage of Dshot is the fact that it is a digital protocol so you can send commands to your ESC. This is where the versatility of Dshot will become apparent. For example, you can send a command to tell your motors to beep, and when to tell it to stop beeping, or tell your ESC to enter bi-directional mode while in flight (so you have full throttle resolution when you don't need bi-directional mode). I can't think of any other use cases but I am sure we will see some cool features in the future.
Where can I get my BLHeli-32 ESC?
I will be writing a separate article to list off of the official BLHeli32 ESC's soon. For now we are selling the Wraith32 Series ESC, which are the first production units to be sold.
I should mention that there are other 32bit ESC's on the market that supports Dshot such as the racer33. These run custom firmware that is not BLHeli32.
Apart from the performance improvements, I like the fact that they have added current protection support. This will only be supported with ESC's that have a current sensing resistor (like the wraith32). By using this feature, if the current draw gets above the value you set, the ESC will reduce the power to the ESC to prevent it overheating (like when the motor gets jammed on a crash). This in combination with the temperature monitoring on your ESC MCU will mean that its unlikely you will fry an ESC from overloading it! One thing I am not sure about is the calibration procedure of the current sensor.
Automatic timing is great when you are not sure about what you are doing. With automatic timing, the ESC will ensure that your motors run as efficiently as possible. However, this will mean your motors are not running at max power, which is not ideal for FPV racing.
However, you can also manually set the timing between 1 and 31 to fine tune your ESC for your motor setup for maximum power. Usually, the medium setting will work fine for most motors. In the old BLheli-S firmware you can only choose between 5 values that correspond to 0/7.5/15/22.5/30 timing advance.
This setting lets you tell your ESC to limit the power sent to the motor within a given millisecond. This feature is useful if you are having desync issues with your motor under heavy acceleration (when your motor chirps and looses power when you increase throttle rapidly). You can set this between 0.1% to 25.5% per millisecond.
So if you set it to 15, this means that the power sent to the motor cannot increase by more than 15% per millisecond. If you have desync issues you should try to get this to be as low as possible to get the most power out of your motor.
As mentioned before ESC telemetry is on the plans for BLheli32. Aerosurfer noticed that on the wraith32 ESC, they have a UART port on them (still to be documented). But one advantage is that you can use the current sensor from the ESC for your flight controller, and if the ESC can send other info back to the FC, the flight control algorithm can get extra info about motor state such as RPM to improve performance and tuning.
So that the main things I think will be great about BLheli32, and the main downside is no more open source (but it is fair that they get paid for all the work). If you have any questions or comments let me know in the comments section!


Featuring a garden and free WiFi, Lom Ruk is located in Uttaradit. The property provides a 24-hour front desk. All rooms in the guesthouse are equipped with a TV. Guest rooms at Lom Ruk feature air conditioning and a desk. Sukhothai Airport is 42 miles away.


part of the quarry i think..
Loving this place, Got some great shots there! Around when did this place close?
Great pictures. Especially the ones of the lake.
Also, what was the deal with the rusty, old ladder sticking randomly out of the ground?


text:
World first: continuous DNA sequence of more than a million bases achieved with nanopore sequencing.
Wed 27th December 2017
The first >1Mb DNA sequence (more than a million DNA bases in one continuous sequence) has been achieved using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology, a landmark in the history of DNA sequencing.
Martin Smith, a researcher at the Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics (at the Garvan Institute, Australia), has sequenced the first single fragment of DNA greater than 1Mb. The analogy used today by researchers is: if a nanopore was the size of a fist, a 1MB strand of DNA passing through that nanopore would be 3.2km long (credit Adam Philippy).
The read, from Chromosome 19, is 1.015 Mb in length and the alignment co-ordinates are: chr19 55982604 57017360e4f54091-8303-4643-8e5d-e07bfa1ef17360 - chr19 57018389 57021968e4f54091-8303-4643-8e5d-e07bfa1ef1731
The read ID is e4f54091-8303-4643-8e5d-e07bfa1ef173. It is available online here.
The method used the open RAD003 protocol provided by Nick Loman and Josh Quick, which can be found here: lab.loman.net/protocols
Why long reads, and why ultra-long reads?
Traditional short-read DNA sequencing technologies may provide data that is harder to assemble into a complete genome or dataset, like a jigsaw puzzle made from a large number of small pieces.
Nanopore sequencing is dependent on sample preparation, sequencing the fragment that is prepared. Researchers are now routinely sequencing fragments of 10s or 100s kb.
With long reads, and even more so with ultra-long reads that are 100s of kb long, it is easier to assemble genomes. For more information, read this white paper on genome assembly (registration may be required).
With long reads, it is also possible to span tricky regions or even characterise regions that have not been sequenced. It is estimated that ~8% of the human genome remains unsequenced (1). For a flavour of the use of nanopore sequencing for this purpose, watch Karen Miga's talk on spanning the centromere, review these human genome assemblies from the nanopore consortium and Wigard Kloosterman, or review other papers that make use of nanopore long reads.
Long reads are also critical when resolving structural variation. This structural variation white paper reviews the use of nanopore for SVs.
1. Miga et al Nucleic Acids Research 43(20) e133
Media resources and contacts


text:
import React, {Component} from 'react'
import {Link} from 'react-router-dom'

import logo from '../assets/images/logo.svg'

class Header extends Component {
  render() {
    return (

react-demo

<Link to="/">Home</Link>

<Link to="/docs">Docs</Link>

<Link to="/tutorial">Tutorial</Link>

<Link to="/community">Community</Link>

<Link to="/blog">Blog</Link>

GitHub

    )
  }
}

export default Header

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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After the holidays save your playing cards and pack them along together with your different Christmas decorations. I am sure some people are considering, why trouble with recycled Christmas cards? Shoe racks are important too. Closets are surely attention-grabbing with a lot of storage and racks to closet the girlie objects. This permits hanging many vanity items like headbands, beaded necklaces, bangles and also scarves. Coordinated with the opposite furnishings in the room, the dresser can come as an extension of the wardrobe or an individual stand with a matching vanity chair. Both upholstering an merchandise of furniture and giving it a lick of paint can work wonders for a bit that's structurally sound yet a little on the unattractive facet. The discs needs to be folded vertically; hold in your hand, a layer from every aspect must be stapled together.
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Below are 25 best pictures collection of home fish tank designs photo in high resolution. Click the image for larger image size and more details.


text:
Q: WCF Connected to Entity Framework (Cannot Attach) I'm using Entity Framework with code-first migration, but after adding a new project to my solution for a WCF service, I get the following error when attempting to run update-database:

Cannot attach the file ...App_Data\MyProject.Data.MyDbContext.mdf'
  as database 'MyProject.Data.MyDbContext'.

I've following projects:

*

*MyProject.Data

*MyProject.WCFService

The currently temporary solution to this problem is to stop and remove the local db. But why do I need to this, what am I missing? It have worked before without this.
Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio:
sqllocaldb.exe stop v11.0
sqllocaldb.exe delete v11.0

In Visual Studio:
Update-Database

A: When you run update-database, code first migrations will attempt to use the connection string from your current start-up project configuration file to connect to the database and perform updates.  The easiest way to resolve this in your case sounds like it would be to copy the connection string from your MyProject.Data configuration file to your MyProject.WCFService configuration file.  You can also try setting MyProject.Data to the start-up project for your solution, or you can override the parameterless constructor from DbContext in your derived DbContext class and specify an explicit location for a connection string (such as the registry).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This 2-bar spotlight consisting of 2 LED GU10 directional spotlights has a lifespan of 20 000 hours. Its rated power is 2x5 watts. This white wall lamp emits a luminous flux of 2x450 lm with a light efficiency of 90 lumens/watt. The 2 LED spotlights can be tilted by 90 degrees and rotated by 360 degrees. This article is available in 2 colour temperatures: 2800 K and 6000 K.