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2 Degrees and Diplomas in Commerce, Law and Management Rules and Syllabuses COMMERCE, LAW & MANAGEMENT Official address All correspondence should be addressed, as far as is possible, directly to the relevant person or school. The address is as follows: The Faculty Registrar, Commerce, Law & Management University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Telephone number: /8174 Fax number: OR www address: This handbook is one of a series of 8 handbooks produced by the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in Published by the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Printed by Ultra Litho (Pty) Limited. Faculty of Commerce, Law & Management Wits gives you the edge.
10 Change from Oracle Student System (OSS) to Student Information Management System (SIMS) glossary OSS Award Advanced Standing Enrolment Intermission Pattern of Study Person number Programme version Unit Unit credit points Unit level Unit sets SIMS Qualification Credit/Exemption Registration Abeyance Prescribed Curriculum Student number Set of rules Course Course points (not generally related to SAQA points) Course level Academic Plan: Major subjects /Year of study /Field of study SIMS definitions The terms listed below are used throughout the Rules & Syllabuses book with the following meanings: Calendar is an academic session/time period for applications. Course means a component of teaching and learning activity, which may run for an entire academic year or a portion thereof, that is recognised in any of the faculty rules as a component of a qualification. Milestone is a point of assessment set for a research program and enables an academic assessment about a student s progress to be made. Programme is a course or set of courses or postgraduate research which may lead to a qualification. Qualification includes any degree, diploma, certificate, licentiate, or any other educational attainment that is offered by the University as stipulated in its list of qualifications. Term is an academic year.
12 General Rules G e n e r a l R u l e s 1 Introduction The rules contained in this section are the General Rules of the University and apply to all students. There are also specific rules for each Faculty, which are subordinate to the General Rules. On registering at this University the student bears the responsibility of ensuring that s/he is familiar with the rules applicable to her/his registration. Ignorance of these rules will not be accepted as an excuse. All Rules and Syllabuses are available online. Limited copies are also available in print format and on CDs. All words appearing in italics have been defined. Where information is presented in the shaded boxes, it is intended as explanatory only. G1 Definitions 1.1 Academic year means the period determined by the Senate from time to time for any particular year of study for any particular qualification. 1.2 Admission means entry to a course or qualification unless it is indicated otherwise. 1.3 Any university or any other university means any university recognised by the Senate for the purpose under consideration. 1.4 Applicant means a person who has submitted an application in hard-copy or electronic format to become a student of the University. 1.5 Assessment means the process of judging learning and may have both a formative and/or summative nature. 1.6 Auxiliary pass (also referred to as ancillary pass or condoned pass, unless the contrary appears in the faculty rules) means a special type of condonation of a failing mark to a pass when no supplementary assessment is offered, so that the course will be included as a credit towards the qualification but the student may not proceed to a higher level course in that subject. 1.7 Candidate/Postgraduate student (see G1.18) means a student registered for a higher qualification (see G1.14). 1.8 Course means a component of teaching and learning activity, which may run for an entire academic year or a portion thereof, that is recognised in any of the faculty rules as a component of a qualification. 1.9 Credit means the recognition that is obtained when a student passes such assessments and complies with such conditions as the Senate may impose for the completion of each course. A credit towards a qualification may be granted to a student in respect of a credit obtained from another institution recognised by the Senate for this purpose or from another faculty within the University. The plural includes the singular where the sense so suggests.
13 2 G e n e r a l R u l e s 1.10 Curriculum means a course or combination of courses leading to a qualification Dissertation is the term reserved for an extended piece of written work that makes a contribution to the advancement of knowledge that may incorporate creative work or publications integral to the argument, and is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a degree of master by research Examination and re-examination mean a formal, compulsory, summative, scheduled assessment Exemption from a course means that the Senate has deemed a student to have a sufficient understanding of the subject matter of that course to warrant the student not having to complete the course. An exemption is not a credit but allows the student to proceed to the subsequent level in a particular course. The full number of credits required for a qualification is not affected by the granting of an exemption Higher qualification means a qualification which requires at least the attainment of a first degree, or equivalent recognised by the Senate, at entry level and includes a degree of Bachelor with Honours Joint and/or Dual degrees mean a postgraduate degree (Masters and PhD), jointly offered by the University and an external non-south African partner institution, recognised by the Senate. Joint degree: a candidate shall receive a single co-branded degree certificate representing work completed at the University and a partner institution. Dual degree: a candidate shall receive a degree certificate from each of the partner institutions, representing work completed at the University and a partner institution respectively. 1.16a Matriculation means the formal recognition by Umalusi prior to 2008 in terms of any law, of the capacity of a student to enter a university. Umalusi is a council for quality assurance in the certification of qualifications in the general education and training band (Grades 0 to 9) and the further education and training band (Grades 10 to 12). 1.16b National Senior Certificate (NSC) means the formal recognition by Umalusi from 2008 in terms of any law, of the capacity of a student to enter a university. 1.16c National Certificate (Vocational) [NC(V)] means the formal recognition by Umalusi from 2009 in terms of any law, of the capacity of a vocational student to enter a university Occasional student means a person who is registered at the University for any course/s for non-qualification purposes. An occasional student is deemed to be a student as defined in G1.26 for all other purposes Postgraduate student/candidate means a student who is registered for a higher qualification (see G1.7) Programme is a course or set of courses or postgraduate research which may lead to a qualification Qualification includes any degree, diploma, certificate, licentiate, or any other educational attainment that is offered by the University as stipulated in its list of qualifications Recognition of prior learning means the taking into account of the previous learning and experience of the applicant by the Senate either for purposes of admission and/or for the granting of exemption or full or partial credit towards one or more courses Research Report is the term reserved for the written document which forms the research component of a degree of master by coursework and research and which may include creative work or publications integral to the argument.
14 G e n e r a l R u l e s Semester is half an academic year Senate is defined in section 1 as read with section 28 of the Higher Education Act 101 of 1997 and is the body which governs the policies and procedures in respect of the teaching, learning, research and academic functions of the University. The Senate may delegate its powers except where expressly prohibited from doing so by the University Statute. G1.24 In many cases the powers of the Senate are, for practical purposes, delegated to and exercised by the deans of the faculties or, in specific instances their nominee/s Short course is a certified teaching and learning activity of less than 1200 notional study hours which does not, or does not directly, carry credit towards a qualification. With special permission of the Senate, short courses may carry credit towards a qualification. A short course student is not deemed to be a student as defined in G1.26 but is still subject to the University rules, policies and procedures Student means a person registered full time or part time at the University for a qualification Study-abroad component means that part of a curriculum leading to a qualification which a student has been granted permission by the Senate to complete at an institution recognised by the Senate for this purpose, in a country other than South Africa Teaching block is a quarter of an academic year Thesis is the term reserved for an extended piece of writing based on research that makes an original and significant contribution to knowledge that may incorporate creative work or publications integral to the overall argument, and is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a doctor of philosophy qualification University means the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, unless the context indicates otherwise. G2 Powers of the University 2.1 The University has the power in terms of its Statute to confer, in any faculty, the degrees of bachelor, master and doctor, as well as to grant a diploma, certificate, licentiate or other qualification to any person who has satisfied such requirements as may be prescribed. 2.2 No qualification, other than an honorary degree, may be conferred by the University upon any person who has not attended the University as a student for such period, and satisfied such other requirements, as may be prescribed. 2.3 The University may confer, without attendance or examination, an honorary degree of master or doctor, in any faculty, upon any person who has rendered distinguished services in the advancement of arts, science, jurisprudence or other branches of learning, or who has otherwise rendered himself or herself worthy of such a qualification. 2.4 The University has the power in terms of section 39(4) of its Statute to withdraw the conferment of any qualification. 2.5 The University provides higher education at or above level 5 of the National Qualification Framework as contemplated in the National Qualifications Framework Act, 2008 (Act No 67 of 2008).
15 4 G e n e r a l R u l e s 2.6 The University has the power in terms of its Statute and the Higher Education Act 101 of 1997 to determine the admission policy, the entrance requirements in respect of its curricula, the number of students who may be admitted for a particular curriculum or course and the manner of their selection and the minimum requirements for the readmission to a curriculum leading to a qualification in a faculty of the University. The University has the power to refuse readmission to a student who fails to satisfy such minimum requirements for readmission. 2.7 The University reserves the right not to offer a particular course or qualification notwithstanding that such course or qualification appears in the rules of a faculty. G3 Application of Rules 3.1 These rules apply to all students who register for the first time in 2013, and to all students who were registered before 2013 unless for compelling reasons the Senate determines otherwise in a particular case, in which event such a student may proceed in terms of the rules under which s/he was last registered, or in terms of amendments to these rules, or in terms of a special curriculum laid down for her/him by the Senate subject to the provisions of G Where a right of appeal or review exists any student who is the subject of an adverse decision must be informed by the member of the academic or administrative staff who conveys the decision of that right and of the procedure to be followed. G4 Admission 4.1 Application for admission A person who wishes to be admitted as a student of the University must apply in hardcopy or electronic format on the University s application form submitting evidence of her/his academic and general qualifications. In the case of application for admission to a programme leading to a higher qualification the applicant may be required to indicate the line of research s/he wishes to pursue. 4.2 Medical fitness In respect of certain courses or qualifications an applicant may be required to demonstrate mental and/or physical fitness and may not be admitted to such course or qualification if s/he does not so demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Senate. 4.3 Discretion of the Senate to admit Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules regarding the minimum requirements for admission, the Senate may on good cause admit or refuse to admit any student to any year of study. 4.4 Proficiency in English All applicants for admission (with the exception of those referred to in G4.4.2) to any curriculum leading to a qualification must have passed English as a first or second language (higher grade) at matriculation or passed English home language or first additional language in the NSC or NC(V) or at a level considered equivalent by the Senate or deemed to be equivalent by legislation Immigrants of less than five years residence in South Africa who have passed English at the standard grade at matriculation or who have passed English in the NSC or NC(V) will be considered for admission.
16 G e n e r a l R u l e s Notwithstanding G4.4.1 and G4.4.2, the Senate may recognise any English Language proficiency test, for example, the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) with a minimum test score of seven for admission. In exceptional cases, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) may be recognised by the University with a minimum test score of 600 for admission. G4.4.3 A pass in English at the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE), or the General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary level is considered equivalent to a pass in English at NSC or NC(V) level or at the higher grade at matriculation level. 4.5 Faculty or qualification-specific requirements In addition to satisfying the minimum admission requirements of the University, an applicant must satisfy any additional requirements of the faculty to which s/he seeks admission. 4.6 Certificate of good conduct A student who was registered at any other university, must upon application for admission to this University, submit a certificate of good conduct and an academic transcript issued by that university or those universities, which satisfies the Senate that s/he is a person of good standing. 4.7 Credits and exemptions Credits The Senate may grant a student credit in a course or courses once only, if s/he has completed: a) an equivalent course offered under a different curriculum, for the same qualification in the University; b) the same or equivalent course offered for another qualification in the University provided that the required attendance period at the University has been satisfied in terms of G6.1; or c) an equivalent course offered in another university or institution recognised for this purpose by the Senate provided that the provisions of G4.8 and G7.9 are observed. Such credits are acknowledged as part fulfilment of the requirements for a qualification. With special permission of the Senate, short courses may carry credit towards a qualification (see G1.25) but such short courses shall not constitute more than 50% of the credits towards a qualification Exemptions On admission and subject to G7.9 the Senate may grant a student exemption from a course or part of a course offered by the University where it has deemed a student to have a sufficient understanding of the subject matter to warrant the student not having to complete the course or part of the course. An exemption is not a credit but allows the student to proceed to the subsequent year of study in a particular course. The full number of credits required for a qualification is not affected by the granting of an exemption.
18 G e n e r a l R u l e s 7 A National Certificate (Vocational) NC(V) with the formal recognition by Umalusi from 2009 in terms of any law, of the capacity of a vocational student to enter a university for the degree of bachelor. OR Matriculation in the form of a university entrance examination or a matriculation endorsement from Umalusi or the granting of complete or conditional matriculation exemption by the Matriculation Board of Higher Education South Africa (HESA). The date of validity of the NSC, NC(V), matriculation certificate, matriculation endorsement, or certificate of exemption from the matriculation examination must precede 2 April of the academic year for which admission is sought, notwithstanding that the certificate may be issued at a later date Certificate of conditional exemption on recommendation of the Senate An applicant must be issued a certificate of conditional exemption by Matriculation Board of HESA if that applicant, in the opinion of the Senate has demonstrated, in a selection process approved by the Senate, that s/he is suitable for admission to the University. Where the Senate certifies that the holder of a certificate of conditional exemption issued in terms of this paragraph has completed the normal requirements of the curriculum for the first year of study of any qualification, the Matriculation Board of HESA must issue a certificate of complete exemption to her/him, dated from the first day in January of the year in which the first degree credit was obtained. An applicant may be registered for a course under this rule only if places are available for that course. In the case of an applicant who has not qualified with an NSC or NC(V) for entry to a university, rule G4.3 will apply Certificate of ordinary conditional exemption An applicant who has been issued a conditional exemption from the matriculation examination and who has one outstanding requirement for complete exemption may be admitted to a programme leading to the degree of bachelor provided that s/he fulfils that outstanding requirement in the first year of study as prescribed by the Matriculation Board of HESA. In the case of an applicant who has not qualified with an NSC or NC(V) for entry to a university, rule G4.3 will apply Mature age conditional exemption An applicant who has been issued a mature age conditional exemption from the matriculation examination by virtue of being over the age of 23 years or 45 years, as the case may be, may be admitted to a programme leading to the degree of bachelor on condition s/he fulfils the requirements of the undergraduate qualification within the period stipulated by the faculty concerned. Such fulfilment entitles the applicant to complete exemption from the matriculation examination. G For the purposes of mature age conditional exemption the Matriculation Board of HESA distinguishes between applicants aged 23 to 44 years and applicants of 45 years or more. Further details regarding mature age conditional exemption are available from the Matriculation Board. In the case of an applicant who has not qualified with an NSC or NC(V) for entry to a university, rule G4.3 will apply.
19 8 G e n e r a l R u l e s Holder of a three-year diploma An applicant who has passed school Grade 12, but who did not obtain a matriculation exemption, an NSC or an NC(V) to enter university, and who has completed a threeyear diploma from a university, university of technology, teachers training college, nursing college or a franchised or associated technical or community college recognised by the Senate for this purpose may be admitted to a programme leading to the degree of bachelor on condition that s/he fulfils the requirements of the undergraduate qualification within the period stipulated by the faculty concerned. Such fulfilment entitles the applicant to complete exemption from matriculation, the NSC or the NC(V) Immigrant conditional exemption Subject to G4.4, a person who has resided in South Africa for less than five years and who has been issued with a conditional matriculation exemption by reason of not having passed a second language at higher grade in the school-leaving examination at a South African school, may be admitted to a programme leading to the degree of bachelor, on condition that s/he completes a second language course at higher grade or NSC or NC(V) or university level within the period stipulated by the faculty concerned. The qualification cannot be awarded until this condition has been fulfilled Foreign conditional exemption An applicant from a foreign country who has been issued a conditional exemption from the matriculation examination by the Matriculation Board of HESA may be admitted to a programme leading to the degree of bachelor on condition that s/he fulfils the requirements of the undergraduate qualification within the period stipulated by the faculty concerned. Such fulfilment entitles the applicant to complete exemption from the matriculation examination. In the case of a foreign applicant who has not qualified with an NSC or NC(V) for entry to a university, rule G4.3 will apply Admission to a programme leading to a higher qualification General requirement for admission to a programme leading to a higher qualification For admission to a programme leading to a higher qualification the Senate must be satisfied that the candidate is qualified at an appropriate standard to undertake the proposed line of study or research or both Admission to a programme leading to a degree of bachelor with honours Subject to G4.11.6, a graduate in an area of study which the Senate considers appropriate of this or another university recognised by the Senate for this purpose may be admitted to a programme leading to the degree of bachelor with honours. However, in a case considered by it to be exceptional, the Senate may admit a person who has not satisfied all the requirements for the degree of bachelor, and in such a case the degree of bachelor with honours will not be made until the requirements for the degree of bachelor have been satisfied.
20 Admission to a postgraduate diploma or certificate G e n e r a l R u l e s 9 Subject to G4.11.6, a graduate in an area of study which the Senate considers appropriate of this or another university recognised by the Senate for this purpose may be admitted to a programme leading to a postgraduate diploma or certificate. However, in a case considered by it to be exceptional, the Senate may admit as a student a person who has not satisfied all the requirements for the degree of bachelor, and in such a case the award of the postgraduate diploma or certificate will not be made until the requirements for the degree of bachelor have been satisfied Admission to a programme leading to the degree of master Subject to G4.11.6, a graduate of this or another university recognised by the Senate for this purpose may be admitted to a programme leading to the degree of master if s/he holds a qualification in a field considered by the Senate to be appropriate and which can normally only be taken over not less than four years of full-time study; or if s/he holds more than one qualification both or all of which are considered by the Senate to be in an appropriate field, and for which the combined number of years of full-time study is not less than four years. The Senate may require an applicant for registration for a programme leading to the degree of master to attend such courses or pass such examinations, oral or written or both, as it deems necessary before admitting her/him as a candidate for the qualification Admission to a programme leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Subject to G4.11.6, a holder of a degree of master in an appropriate field from this or any other university recognised by the Senate for this purpose may be admitted to a programme leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Overriding criteria for admission to a programme leading to the award of a higher qualification Notwithstanding the criteria specified in G to G above, a person who has demonstrated a level of competence to the Senate s satisfaction by virtue of examples of research, writings, experience, professional standing or reputation or other attainments or qualifications in the discipline or cognate field may be admitted as a candidate to a higher qualification Admission to candidature for a senior doctorate Any person may be admitted as a candidate for the degree of doctor if the Senate is satisfied, after consulting with an ad hoc committee of the faculty board concerned which has been convened to peruse the published work submitted, that, on the face of it, a case exists for admitting the candidate. G The following qualifications are senior doctorates: Doctor of Architecture, Doctor of Commerce, Doctor of Economic Science, Doctor of Education, Doctor of Engineering, Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Literature, Doctor of Music, Doctor of Science, Doctor of Science in Architecture, Doctor of Science in Building, Doctor of Science in Business Administration, Doctor of Science in Dentistry, Doctor of Science in Engineering, Doctor of Science in Medicine, Doctor of Science in Quantity Surveying, Doctor of Science in Town and Regional Planning, Doctor of Town and Regional Planning.
21 10 G e n e r a l R u l e s 4.12 Admission of occasional students A person, whether matriculated or not, may be permitted by the Senate to register for courses outside a recognised curriculum subject to such requirements and conditions as may be determined by the Senate. However, any such courses may not subsequently be granted as credits towards a degree unless the student had matriculated before commencing them. A student seeking credit towards a qualification in respect of a course taken for non-qualification purposes at this University or another institution must satisfy the Senate that: a) s/he is eligible for admission to the curriculum leading to the qualification; and b) the validity of the credit/s has not lapsed Admission of study abroad/ international occasional students Students of an institution recognised by the Senate for this purpose may be admitted to courses for non-qualification purposes. G4.13 Where an exchange agreement with such an institution exists fees may be waived on the basis of reciprocity. G5 Registration 5.1 Registration and renewal of registration Except with the permission of the Senate no person may attend any course or proceed as a candidate for any qualification unless s/he is registered as a student of the University at the material time. Registration is renewable annually or on such shorter period as the Senate may determine. Normally, an annual period of registration is from the date of registration in a particular year until the last day of registration in the first quarter of the subsequent year in the relevant faculty. 5.2 Concurrent registration at other institutions or faculties or for other qualifications A person who is registered as a student for any qualification may not be registered as a student for any other qualification or at any other faculty of the University or at any other tertiary education institution except with the approval of the Senate normally given in advance. Such approval will only be granted in circumstances considered exceptional by the Senate. 5.3 Registration as a student prior to registration for a qualification The Senate may permit or require a person, before being registered for a qualification, to register as an occasional student and attend courses for such period and pass assessments at the prescribed standard in such courses as the Senate may determine in her/his case.
22 G e n e r a l R u l e s Late registration Late registration, for which a fee may be charged, may be permitted by the Senate only in exceptional circumstances. G5.4 The last day for registration differs among faculties and among programmes. It is the responsibility of each student to find out from the relevant faculty office what the final day of registration is for her/his course and to register on or before that date. 5.5 Registration for twelve months for senior doctorate A candidate for a senior doctorate must be registered as a student of the University for at least twelve months before the qualification may be conferred. 5.6 Cancellation of registration due to ill health An applicant for registration in the first or any subsequent year of study may be required to satisfy the Vice-Chancellor that s/he is physically and mentally fit to carry out the work involved in that or any subsequent year of study, and may for this purpose be required to present herself/himself for, and submit to, any medical examination that the Vice-Chancellor may require in her/his case The Vice-Chancellor may suspend the registration of any student if s/he is satisfied that this step is warranted because of the student s physical or mental ill health. An appeal against such suspension may be made to the Council The Council may cancel the registration of any student because of her/his physical or mental ill health if it is satisfied after giving the student a proper opportunity to make representations (as defined in the Administration of Justice Act), that this step is warranted. 5.7 Cancellation of registration as a result of unsatisfactory performance/progress The Senate may cancel the registration of an undergraduate student in one or more but not all of the courses for which that student is registered in that year, if in the opinion of the Senate the student s progress is unsatisfactory or if the academic achievement of the student is such that s/he will not at the end of the year obtain credit in such course or courses. For this rule to be invoked the Head of School must ensure the criteria have been published in advance by which progress and/or academic achievement will be judged as the case may be. An appeal against such cancellation may be made in the first instance to the relevant Head of School. If the Head of School is unwilling to reverse her/his original decision, s/he shall forthwith place the student s representations and his or her own written comments before the Dean for a decision. In exceptional cases, the Dean may set up an appeal committee composed of two senior faculty members (one from the school concerned) nominated by her/him. The decision of the Dean or the appeal committee, as the case may be, shall be final. Fee implications associated with the cancellation of registrations are outlined in the Schedule of Fees books.
23 12 G e n e r a l R u l e s The Senate may cancel the registration of a postgraduate student registered for a programme by research if a higher degrees committee (or equivalent), on the recommendation of the relevant supervisor(s) and head of school, has considered the research proposal and/or other milestones of the research of that student and has judged the research proposal or the progress towards the milestones to be academically unsatisfactory or, in material aspects, incomplete. The higher degrees committee may appoint a panel comprising one member of the higher degrees committee, the relevant supervisor and the relevant head of school for the purpose of advising the higher degrees committee. Reasons must be given when such registration is cancelled and an appeal against such cancellation may be made to the Dean of the Faculty, who will then propose membership of an ad hoc committee to review the case. The three-person ad hoc committee will be chaired by the Dean. The Chairperson of the higher degrees committee; the Head of School and/or the Supervisor (or equivalent); may be in attendance. If the ad hoc committee does not permit renewal of registration the student has the right to submit a further appeal to Deputy Vice-Chancellor (DVC): Academic, who may consult with the Dean. The decision of the DVC: Academic, acting on behalf of the Council, shall be final. Fee implications associated with the cancellation of registrations are outlined in the Schedule of Fees books The process set out in will also apply to a postgraduate student registered for a programme which includes coursework. 5.8 Change of registration In exceptional circumstances, where a first-year student is adjudged by the Senate to be making inadequate progress and the criteria by which such judgment is made have been published in terms of G5.7, the student may be permitted or required to alter her/his registration to a special curriculum for the same qualification. 5.9 Cancellation of registration by student Date of cancellation of registration for a qualification Unless in exceptional circumstances the Senate otherwise determines, a student who cancels her/his registration for a qualification less than one month prior to the commencement of the final examination session in which the assessment for that qualification are held, will be deemed to have failed in all the courses for which s/he was registered in that year, except for those courses which s/he has already completed Date of cancellation of registration in a particular course Unless the Senate otherwise determines, a student may not cancel her/his registration for a particular course less than one month prior to the commencement date of the final examination session in which the assessment for that course is held Refusal of permission to register A student who fails to complete a course may be refused permission by the Senate to register again for that course if admission to the course is limited or if s/he has registered more than once for that course.
24 G6 Attendance 6.1 Statutory minimum attendance G e n e r a l R u l e s 13 In terms of Joint Statute 16 the minimum period of attendance (i) for any degree of bachelor is three academic years. (ii) for the degree of bachelor with honours is: 1) one academic year provided the student has completed a degree of bachelor recognised by the Senate; or 2) where the programme leading to the degree of bachelor with honours is taken simultaneously with the programme leading to the degree of bachelor, at least one academic year in addition to the minimum period prescribed for the degree of bachelor concerned, provided that the Senate may in a case considered by it to be exceptional, reduce the minimum period of attendance in respect of a degree of honours in Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, or of Bachelor of Commerce to a total of three academic years. 6.2 Failure to attend Any student registered for any course who fails to fulfil the attendance requirements prescribed by the faculty for that course may be refused permission by the Senate to present herself/himself for assessment in that course. 6.3 Outside work, visits, tours, fieldwork, vacation employment, non-examined courses The requirements for any qualification or course may include such work or attendance whether within or outside the University and during term and/or vacation periods as the Senate may prescribe. A student is required to perform satisfactorily all duties required of her/him in this connection. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in the student being refused permission by the Senate to present herself/himself for examination, to register for the subsequent year of study or any particular year of study thereafter or ineligibility for the conferment of the qualification. 6.4 Exemption from attendance In exceptional circumstances where it is deemed appropriate, the Senate may excuse a student from attending all or part of a course. 6.5 Attendance requirement for students for qualification Any student for whom attendance is not otherwise prescribed by the rules is required to attend at the University for such period and in such manner as may be determined by the Senate. The Senate may waive this requirement in exceptional circumstances or in respect of members of the Convocation. 6.6 Limitation on the activity of a student for reasons of ill health Where s/he considers it necessary in the interest of any student or in the interests of the University, the Vice-Chancellor is entitled to investigate the physical or mental health of any student and to that end may require the student to obtain a medical report from or to submit to examination by a suitably qualified medical practitioner or psychologist acceptable to the Vice- Chancellor.
Wits gives you the edge.
REGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREES OF MPHIL AND PHD. These regulations are approved by Senate. They were most recently updated in July 2014.
1. Regulations for Professional Doctorate Qualifications. 1.1.1 These regulations apply to all Professional Doctorate degrees at Unitec.
PROGRAMME REGULATIONS Professional Doctorate Regulations 1. Regulations for Professional Doctorate Qualifications 1.1 Summary 1.1.1 These regulations apply to all Professional Doctorate degrees at Unitec.
825 REGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) (Applicable to students enrolled in or after September 2007. Regulations applicable to other students are available at the website: http://www.hku.hk/gradsch/web/regulations).
REGULATIONS FOR HIGHER DEGREES BY RESEARCH Different regulations apply accding to students iginal date of enrolment f the degree. The regulations below apply to students who enrolled from 1 September 2007.
Regulations for the Award of the Degrees of Master of Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy 2014/15 September 2014 Notes 1. All sections of this document, including the annexes and forms, are available online.
To qualify for the degree of Master of Philosophy, the student must pursue a supervised program of research leading to the submission of a thesis.
MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY On-Campus; Online MPHIL AQF 9 OVERVIEW The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a higher degree by research which aims to develop students independent research skills under academic supervision.
approval of the University Court, has the power to make regulations on any matters in order to give effect to these instruments.
Fee Rules 2014. Updated 28 November 2013. Name of Rules These rules are the Fee Rules 2014. Commencement These rules commence on 1 January 2014.
Risk Implications There are no material risks to the University associated with the approval of these amendments.
4. The criteria for the award of the Degree of PhD (by Published Works) shall be the same as those established for the Degree of PhD by Research.


GrubHub is a web-based service that lets users find restaurants that deliver food. The company also offers an iPhone app that lets you search for restaurants by name or cuisine style near your location and either browse menus for online ordering or place a phone call to make an order. Today GrubHub added an Android app to its lineup.
The service currently has listings for about 13,000 restaurants in 13 cities including Boston, Chicago, LA, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Washington DC.
On the home screen you simply enter an address or hit the "search current location" button, and hit Find restaurants. If you want to filter your search, you can type something in the "what would you like" box, but you don't have to. You can also filter search results by style of cuisine.
Once you find a listing you like, you can tap it for more details and reviews, or hit the big Call or Order online buttons to either place a phone call or view an interactive menu.
Overall the app works as you'd expect, and I can definitely see how it could come in handy. Unfortunately it's not without its quirks. For instance, every time you go back to the main screen you'll have to re-enter your address or hit the current location button. The app doesn't seem to have any intention of remembering where you were the last time you searched or placed an order. That's great if you regularly order food from lots of different locations, but a bit annoying if you're trying to conduct a few searches before deciding what you want for dinner.
GrubHub for Android is available as a free download from the Android Market.
Update: It turns out this is just a public beta. The full version will let users login to access saves preferences including locations and credit card numbers.


"We have such easy access to guns, instruments that can easily take a human's life. Gun violence, and the ways it plays out especially around Stand Your Ground laws, has disproportionately impacted people of color…particularly Black communities. In some places, it's easier to buy a gun than a fresh vegetable," said Ejim Dike, executive director of the U.S. Human Rights Network, a national network of organizations working on a variety of human rights issues in the United States.
The UN HRC is a multi-national, neutral group of experts who monitor compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) treaty. There are only 22 nations that haven't signed it – the United States did so in 1977 and ratified it in 1992.
According to a national report from the American Bar Association (http://www.abajournal.com/files/GunReport.pdf), self defense-related homicides – and particularly, less common interracial homicides – have spiked in the 33 states that have Stand Your Ground laws. And Blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans are most likely to be the ones staring down the barrel of a gun as lax gun laws provide near-immunity to the shooter.
In February 2014, Michael Dunn, who fired into an SUV full of young Black men, killing 17-year-old Jordan Davis, used the Stand Your Ground defense during his trial. Seven months prior, George Zimmerman employed it and was found not guilty of all charges associated with stalking and killing 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. Both of the shooters are non-Black.
In May 2012, Marissa Alexander, an African American, was charged with aggravated assault for firing a warning shot at her estranged abusive husband; prosecutors successfully argued that the Stand Your Ground defense she sought did not apply in her case.
At the urging of grassroots human rights activists in the wake of Zimmerman's acquittal, the UN committee examined gun violence and SYG laws as one of four American controversies that might be violations of the ICCPR. Dike's organization brought together several grassroots groups to write reports on gun violence for the committee; in March 2014, representatives from three of the groups traveled to Geneva to testify at the committee's hearing.
"In our reports, we tried to highlight that there are strong interest groups that have been behind the proliferation of these laws. We've also strongly emphasized that SYG laws disproportionately impact Black and Brown communities because of inherent racism in the U.S. justice system, and because they allow for people to use deadly force based on their subjective fears." U.S. government representatives also gave testimony, and the committee gave the government a year to address these issues, and report back. Representatives submitted their report in April.
The committee issued the grades on July 30. Unfortunately, the report is unlikely to lead to government action. The United States has attached "reservations" – or, conditions and exceptions – to most of the UN treaties it has signed.
"One reservation is that the treaty is not self-executing. What that means is, unless Congress passes an additional law to make this human rights treaty the law of the land, the United States government is saying we don't recognize [the treaty]. So in many ways, the ratification becomes somewhat symbolic," Dike explained.
An 1884 Supreme Court decision gave Congressional laws priority over treaties, even when they contradict. Additionally, the U.S. is a rare industrialized nation that doesn't have a national, independent human rights institution to hold the government accountable.
On top of the challenge of curbing illegal guns, SYG and gun laws are fiercely protected states rights – seeking to repeal or regulate them would be an uphill battle for any elected official.
"It comes down to political will. There has to be some leadership taken around the issues of gun violence. Whether it's regulation, whether it's tying federal funding to different kinds of gun laws, there needs to be a limit somewhere," Jagannath stated.
While the Committee cannot issue penalties or orders, its report can serve to bolster citizen efforts.
Dike agreed that the hit to American image is important, explaining that "the United States sees itself as the human rights champion of the world." And in light of the history and global perception of Black American movements, she is confident that a human rights-based strategy is the path to justice.
"People look at the Civil Rights Movement around the world…it continues to be a shining example," she said, adding that the movement would have been a human rights movement, but for government sabotage.
"As we talk about a movement for Black lives…Black lives mattering, we're not just talking about it in the context of policing, we're talking about it in a more holistic way. The fight for racial justice is and was a fight for economic justice…for political justice, and environmental justice, and climate justice, and it's a fight for women's rights.
Dike concluded, "Despite civil rights laws, we have racial disparity in almost every sphere of life…and people of African descent as the worst indicator. So obviously, our civil rights laws have not been enough. When you have these human rights violations, you need the global community to come together and condemn the United States."


The cost of flagging shall be paid by the requesting party.
Flagging is estimated to cost $1,000 per day.
The time of flagging begins and ends at the flagger's workplace (including travel time).
Flagging costs can also include (but not be limited to) supervisory time and vehicle usage.
The first part of the process to obtain a flagger is to submit an application for a TOP by following the link below. Please note that a TOP is also referred to as a "Site/Land Lease" Application. Once your TOP has been received and reviewed by an MRL representative, you will be contacted to provide remainder of the information contained in Part 2 of the flagger application process.
After you've completed the TOP application, please continue with this part of the application process.
INFORMATION REQUEST: MRL will request that you provide some supplemental information for flagging.
Did you already submit a Temporary Occupancy Permit to MRL, and have been contacted to complete supplemental flagging information?
Please read Part 1 of the application process above. The first part of the process to obtain a flagger is to submit an application for a TOP. If you have questions about the process, please contact us at (406) 523-1500.
Please complete the following fields about the Company for which a flagger is being requested.
Please complete the following fields for the direct contact at your company with whom we can communicate with regarding flagging.
Please tell us about the job for which a flagger has been requested. Note that any work within 25' of any railroad track requires a flagger.
PAYMENT: Send the required deposit check to MRL at the following address: Montana Rail Link, PO Box 16390, Missoula, MT 59808. Please write "Flagging Deposit" in the memo line of the check.
WORK ORDER CREATED: After your deposit check is received, MRL will create a billable work order and advise the local Supervisor that a flagger will be requested.
SUPERVISOR CONTACT: MRL will provide you with the local supervisor's contact information. Contact the MRL supervisor at least five (5) days in advance of your date requested. A flagger will only be provided when the railroad's workforce and workload allow.
BALANCE INVOICE/REFUND: After completion of flagging, a balance invoice (either payment due or refund) will be sent to the billing address that was provided on the Flagger supplement form.


text:
Center for Diversity and Inclusion hosts 2022 MLK Commemorative Celebration
The Center for Diversity and Inclusion is proud to host the 2022 Martin Luther King Jr. Commemorative Celebration in collaboration with multiple University of Houston community members. This celebration is an opportunity for the UH community to celebrate and reflect on the legacy and life of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
This year's theme, The Journey to Justice: Moving Beyond Diversity, highlights that anti-racism efforts and Dr. King's plight for racial justice continues today. In this observance, we hold both the impact and advancements that King and other trailblazers have led and acknowledge the ongoing fight for racial equity.
The observation has already begun as students are submitting their MLK Day Art and Essays for this year's competition. Students have the opportunity to play an active role in reflecting on and celebrating the legacy and life of Dr. King, and have the chance to win a $100 Visa Gift Card. Art submissions and essay submissions are due by January 18 via form.
Beginning January 18, the Center for Diversity and Inclusion and the UH Student Centers are hosting the annual MLK Gallery. UH community members can learn more about Dr. King and the 1954-1968 Civil Rights Movement through images of that time. The gallery is open in the Multipurpose Room during Student Center hours through January 25.
Headshot of Ashley Blaine Featherson-Jenkins
This year's commemorative celebration is being held on January 25 at 6 p.m. in the Houston Room. Actress, singer, producer, and star of acclaimed Netflix Original Series Dear White People, Ashley Blaine Featherson-Jenkins, is joining the Center for Diversity and Inclusion for a can't-miss keynote. A force on the screen and in advancing support for women of color, we are excited to have Featherson-Jenkins join us on campus.
The week continues with a showing of King in the Wilderness on January 26 at 5 p.m. hosted by the UH Student Centers in the theater in the Student Center South. This film documents the final moments of Dr. King's life and reveals how the activist and minister navigated conflict and criticism from multiple groups in his social justice journey.
The Center for Student Involvement's MLK Day of Service wraps this week up on January 28 beginning at noon, offering the UH community and campus partners an opportunity to work and address social issues facing Houston. There will be a wide range of projects available including gardening, painting, and neighborhood cleanups.
Visit the official 2022 Martin Luther King Jr. Commemorative Celebration website for more information.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
DreamWolf
Hip Hop Poetry Dance Collision
Brooklyn Dreamwolf is the award-winning Hip Hop/Poetry/Storytelling duo comprised of lyrically gifted, Brooklyn-born, Hip Hop MC Jendog Lonewolf and award-winning Performing Artist/Poet, YaliniDream. Rooted in ending the full continuum of violence and exploitation, from the intimate to the global and from the home to the street to the state, Brooklyn DreamWolf invokes a commanding integration of Hip Hop, Poetry, Theater and Dance in their collaborative work, Above Street Level.
They've performed internationally in Africa, Asia, Europe and across North America, sharing stages with icons like Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Harry Belafonte, Joan Baez and Rah Digga. Each have performed at a wide range of venues from Lincoln Center, New York Live Arts, New World Theater, the Vittum Theater, Dixon Place, Yale, Stanford, Brown and numerous other institutions.
YaliniDream conjures Spirit through her unique blend of poetry, theater, song, and dance-- reshaping reality and seeking peace through justice in the lands of earth, psyche, soul, and dream. She is a consultant with Vision Change Win Consulting; is an Arts & Wellness specialist with EM Arts; teaches Social Justice Pedagogy & the Arts at University of San Francisco; was an artist in residence at University of Michigan's Center for World Performance Studies; and received the Jerome Foundation's Fellowship in Literature. YaliniDream is currently participating in the development of reg e. gaine's musical, The 88.
Black Native, Photographer, and multi-disciplinary Artist, Jendog Lonewolf is a touring Hip Hop MC; a recipient of an original Kehinde Wiley painting from VH1's Hip Hop Honors for contributions to Hip Hop Culture; Rappin' Tate Da Great's Hip Hop United Under One Star Humanitarian Award; a citation from the City of Brooklyn; and she collaborated with Grammy® winner, Dan Zanes on "Lead Belly, Baby!", a tribute album for Smithsonian Folkways Records, which was submitted for Grammy® consideration.
As cultural workers that each sit at the intersections of race, class, gender, and sexuality, Brooklyn Dreamwolf moves through different spaces, uniting, and facilitating conversations across disparate communities and movements.
©2018 awqwardtalent.com By : CreativeDevs.com


Just in time for Halloween, "Little Shop of Horrors" will be playing at the Susquehanna Stage Company October 21-30. This off-Broadway cult favorite rock musical is based on a 1960 lowbudget Roger Corman movie, and then opened in NYC in 1980. Little Shop of Horrors is a delectable sci-fi horror musical with an electrifying pop/rock score by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman.


BeRT and KuRT are our football players and dancers for entertainment.
took part at the RoboCup@Home Competition in Nagoya, Japan.
Base and Torso: Scitos G5 developed by MetraLabs Robotics. Combining industrial and research robot, 1.4 m/s max speed. Handles payloads of up to 50 kg.
Contains one lithium iron phosphate battery, which allows to operate up to 20 hours of normal usage.
Video from Stick Robot Day 2018. Watch the Sawyer-Arm & Neobotix Platform in action.


text:
Q: javascript/jquery event not firing with refresh I'm using some code to find any @ and # tags for social media stuff. the loop re fires every x seconds. outside the refreshing loop it work fine, but inside it wont fire. Below is the code:
    (function ($) {
    $(document).ready(function () {
        var refreshId = setInterval(function () {
            $('#main').fadeOut("fast").load(location.href + " #main>*", "").fadeIn("fast");
            //apply any new hashtags

            /*
             *   Hashtags
             */
            hashtag_regexp = /#([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/g;

            function linkHashtags(text) {
                return text.replace(
                hashtag_regexp,
                    '#$1');
            }
            atMention_regexp = /@([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/g;

            function linkatMention(text) {
                return text.replace(
                atMention_regexp,
                    '@$1');
            }

            $('p').each(function () {
                $(this).html(linkatMention($(this).html()));
                $(this).html(linkHashtags($(this).html()));
            });

        }, 10000);
    });
})(jQuery);

A: I rehashed your code a bit, but works fine now:

*

*I moved your functions to outside the setInterval as they should not be declared over and over.

*I made the bit that does the work another function and call it initially as well as in the timer

*I nested the html modification calls to speed things up.

*Used a local $this variable to avoid multiple jQuery selector calls.

*I added checks to ensure the processing was not applied to a paragraph twice (it was nesting spans infinitely every 10 seconds).

JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/TrueBlueAussie/cs369/6/
jQuery(function ($) {
    /*
     *   Hashtags
     */
    var hashtag_regexp = /#([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/g;

    function linkHashtags(text) {
        if (text.indexOf('"hashtag"') == -1) {
            return text.replace(
            hashtag_regexp,
                '#$1');
        }
        return text;
    }

    var atMention_regexp = /@([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/g;

    function linkatMention(text) {
        if (text.indexOf('"mention"') == -1) {
        return text.replace(
        atMention_regexp,
            '@$1');
        }
        return text;
    }

    function updateMentions() {
        $('p').each(function () {
            var $this = $(this);
            $this.html(linkatMention(linkHashtags($this.html())));
        });

    }

    var refreshId = setInterval(function () {
        $('#main').fadeOut("fast").load(location.href + " #main>*", "").fadeIn("fast");
        //apply any new hashtags
        updateMentions();

    }, 10000);
    updateMentions();
});

Tip: You can use the shortcut syntax for document ready $(function(){}); with jQuery(function ($) {}); so that you define $ locally-scoped.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Will they all install scrubbers?
IMO MARPOL 2020 sets new global limits for sulphur emissions and sulphur content in marine fuels. From the previous 3.5% maximum, shipowners now face a global 0.5% limit in addition to the 0.1% limit in current emission control areas. To comply with the regulations, one will either have to install a scrubber or buy expensive Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oils (VLSFO). In this article we show that a scrubber is the way to go.
The IMO MARPOL Annex IV defines a 0.50% sulphur limit for marine fuels in use on ships operating outside sulphur emissions control areas (ECA). The rule comes into force from January 1st, 2020. This covers all fuel oils used by ships outside the existing ECA for SOx emissions which are the Baltic, North Sea, North America & US Caribbean for which limit remains at the level at 0.10% max sulphur.
A recent, significant amendment to the regulation is the agreement on a carriage ban for high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO), except for ships equipped with scrubbers. The decision enables authorities to check and detain ships carrying non-compliant fuel without having to determine if it has been used or not.
It is not known exactly what the premium will be to buy Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oils (VLSFO, 0.5%) or Ultra Low Sulphur Fuel Oils (ULSFO, 0.1%). It has been predicted that only a small percentage of ships will manage to get scrubbers installed by the deadline 2020, therefore a massive change in the global fuel market is to be expected from January 2020 when the majority of ships globally will have to change from IFO to VLSFO or ULSFO. Today the VLSFO is about 35% more expensive than say IFO380.
If the price premium for compliant fuel increases, as can be expected, we should see payback times for scrubber installations dropping well below one year. Even with today's price spread, the payback time is barely above one year. Sufficient to say, scrubber installations are very profitable.
Installation of scrubbers may be considered a technical risk, adding complexity to the ship's systems. This is correct, and for this reason, simple, robust designs should be preferred above the complex.
The alternative solution of changing to compliant fuel is not risk free either. There is the obvious and very high commercial risk of future fuel prices and availability. Furthermore, there are technical risks as well. Distillate fuels, MGO, have very different viscosities, and more novel fuel blends do not yet have a track record. The fuel quality standard, ISO 8217, is expected to be revised to accommodate the new fuel blends, but probably not until 2022.
Scrubber technology is not something new. It is proven technology and well documented. Experienced companies can engineer systems to meet performance requirements. One issue, when installing on a ship, is that the requirement changes with the area the ship operates.
The 0.5% requirement is global. The 0.1% requirement applies to ECA zones like EU. Furthermore, there is the ban on liquid discharge in some ports.
Let's start by considering the open loop operation first, as it is the most simple, and most cost effective operation. In this mode the flue gas is simply sprayed with seawater which is used only once, hence the term open loop, as it really is no loop at all.
In open loop mode the scrubber will absorb SOx in seawater. SOx is acidic and seawater contains some alkalinity. Provided that we use sufficient amounts of water, the spent liquid may be discharged directly to the sea. The requirement is that pH > 6.5 and that the depth of discharge is >4m.
When the ship operates in waters where salinity is low, like freshwater or brackish waters, some caustic agent may be added to the loop. This is typically termed caustic assisted scrubbing or hybrid mode. The hybrid mode is much like the open loop mode, with the exception that some source of alkalinity is added to the liquid to assist scrubbing performance and ensure compliance.
Closed loop mode differs from the two other modes in several ways. As the name implies, the circulation loop is closed and scrubber liquid is reused. The scrubber liquid will absorb heat from the flue gas. To avoid excessive temperatures the liquid is cooled with seawater, indirectly, in a heat exchanger.
During closed loop operation, no liquid is discharged to sea directly. Zero liquid discharge is a requirement in certain ports. The Liquid is kept in buffer tanks. When the ship moved to a zone where discharge is allowed, the water may be discharged after some physical treatment (filtering).
To comply with the IMO Marpol 2020 regulations one will need to follow either MEPC.259(68), Scheme A or Scheme B. Most (all?) scrubber vendors follow scheme B for which the requirement is to install continuous measurements of SO2 and CO2 in off-gas and pH, PAH and turbidity for liquid discharge.
Seawater is excellent for scrubbing SOx, and open loop scrubbing should be the obvious choice for the vast majority of ships. Reaching the 0.1% is possible even when running 3.5% fuels, provided that a well engineered scrubber is installed.
Hybrid and closed loop means more running costs and operational costs and should be employed only when required.


The recent outspokenness of conservative students has led to much speculation coming from the right, left, and center about the changing face of American youth. Are organizations like Students for Academic Freedom giving voice to a silenced group on campuses?[i] Is conservatism spreading as the new youth counter-culture movement in contrast to the progressive movements of the sixties?[ii] Is this just another aspect of the seemingly unstoppable conservative backlash against progressivism, as many on the left have argued?[iii] Before giving a 'yes or no' answer to these questions, we must ask three broader questions. 1) What do these students want? 2) Why do they want it? 3) How are they going about getting what they want? The first question involves the movement's aims, the second, its ideology, and the third requires us to look at its structure. By answering these questions, we will have a clearer idea about the nature of this emergent movement.
The rallying cry for the conservative student movement has been the demand for academic freedom. Matthew Festa, a conservative student columnist and winner of the right-wing Publius Fellowship, lauding free thought at his university (Loyola) and comparing it to other schools writes, "Most other universities say they pride themselves on academic freedom but in actuality practice thought control. I have read numerous stories of newspapers being stolen, students being prevented from speaking out, and people getting in trouble for being politically incorrect."[iv] There's no doubt about it, campus politics is a dirty business. Yet, these students argue that they are at a disadvantage by being punished for their beliefs by intolerant liberal professors. Enter David Horowitz, the Academic Bill of Rights, and Students for Academic Freedom.
The Academic Bill of Rights, authored by David Horowitz, consists of eight principles that Horowitz and members of Students for Academic Freedom believe both public and private universities should adopt. While insisting on the right to free thought for both students and professors, it seeks to enforce strict limitations on the views professors can express to their students.[v] For all the polite appeals to and invocations of freedom of speech, Students for Academic Freedom are not asking universities to change, they are telling them to change.
According to a report by The Journal Editorial Report, sixteen state legislatures have already adopted bills that limit what professors say and the notion of an academic bill of rights is being debated in congress.[vi] This may seem to be a somewhat counter-intuitive on the part of conservatives, but as Marissa Freimanis, a conservative student at Cal State Long Beach, put it when interviewed by The Journal Editorial Report, "if it takes the state to do that then that's what needs to happen." Freimanis uses nice words like "bring balance" and "pull to the center" to describe what the state needs to do, but it does sound an awful lot like the censoring and monitoring of professors when we stop and think about the actual enforcement of these bills.
By now the aims should be pretty clear; these students want to change the university. It is hard not to be a little sympathetic. That word "freedom" pulls at just about everyone's heartstrings. We know what these students want; they want to transform the university. They want the university to be monitored and to have it answer to some higher body, the state if need be. In order to control the university, it must be depoliticized so as to prevent the flaring up of passions and, heaven forbid, hurt feelings. It would be difficult to control student groups (that's a different kind of fight), but it would certainly be easy to control faculty members because they have paychecks to worry about – that's where Freimanis' state comes in. On the surface one might take this transformation as a legitimate desire to defend intellectual freedom, but there is also an ideology at play.
The conservative student movement must be placed within the context of recent history. We need only extend our memory back to the 1960s and the social upheaval that took place with universities at the heart, and was perhaps the generator, of the storm. Throughout much of the world, universities became a major galvanizing force for progressive change. They were a space for the questioning of authority and the overturning of norms. This is what conservatives hate about the university – you never know what kind of threat to established views and institutions might emerge from that hotbed of thought. Suddenly, it became dangerous to send your kids to school because they might begin to question conventional wisdom. They might return home for summer vacation and actually take the ideas in those musty books seriously.
Irving Kristol has described the birth of neo-conservatism as a response to failure of liberalism, which culminated in the anarchy of the 60s. It's not a coincidence that Kristol's "disillusioned liberals" made the turn to neo-conservatism in the early 70s. These "disillusioned liberals" or "adversaries of the adversary culture" as Norman Podhoretz called them,[vii] who panicked about the political unrest within the university also included Podhoretz, Nathan Glazer, and Sydney Hook, among many others. Mrs. Kristol, the eminent conservative historian Gertrude Himmelfarb, has pointed to the counter-culture movement of the 60s that spread from the universities as one of the prime forces that has led to the modern fracturing of American society and, more importantly, its de-moralization.[viii] Clearly conservatives, young and old alike, have not forgotten that American universities were at the center of this upheaval. They do not want to see the same radical opposition within universities reemerge, especially at a point when they are mounting their most ambitious bid for power.
Bringing the conservative vision to campuses has nothing to do with making everyone read Burke, Hayek, and Goldwater. It means taming the university and forcing it to finally give in to authority. Conservative students who join the movement see their role as one forcing the university back to the "center" as Marissa Freimanis put it. They look back at the 60s and see only chaos. They find the promise of order comforting. Many kids want their college years to consist of good times and good grades. Perhaps that moment of perceiving those liberal kids on campus as a threat to a secure college life is the moment of young conservative self-consciousness. In this respect, the interests of young conservatives and the older generation are united. Neither young nor old conservatives want to see American universities generate any more upheaval and the older generation is doing everything it can do to nurture and encourage the young.
The massive conservative political machine that includes politicians, pundits, think-thanks, magazines, publishing houses, church groups, etc. has banded together to bring their revolution to the campuses. On the front lines are conservative students. These kids are not new recruits.[ix] The leaders of conservatism only want the converted. Prove yourself in the fight against those progressives on campus and you can move up in the movement. Bully the progressives on campus and make enough of a racket about how they persecute you, then just wait for the higher ups to take notice and recognize your potential for leadership. The American Enterprise Institute, America's Future Foundation, Campus Watch, Clare Booth Luce Policy Institute, Eagle Forum Collegians, Focus on the Family, The Heritage Foundation, The Leadership Institute, Young America's Foundation, and Young Americans for Freedom are just a few of the many organizations that help to cultivate young conservative minds.
At this year's Conservative Political Action Conference, sponsored by The American Conservative Union, panels on the agenda included topics like "Battling the Left in Its Privileged Sanctuaries." Similarly, The Leadership Institute offers training programs in a variety of methods of student activism. It also publishes literature and produces videos that guide students through the steps toward effective activism. These organizations show students how they can bring conservative celebrity speakers to their campuses for further training and morale boosting. Students who take the initiative and invite the most conservative celebrities to their campuses are rewarded by becoming members of The Young America's Foundation's "Club 100" that makes them eligible for a trip to the Reagan Ranch, which is yet another center for training conservative student activists.
Here lies the strength of the movement and another appeal: the promise of upward mobility. It's the promise of a successful career after college that gives conservative students the drive to succeed. Who are the models? Karl Rove got his start as executive director of the College Republicans. The National Review's editor, Rich Lowry, is an alumnus of that Heritage internship. Dinesh D'Souza made his mark as a provocative editor at the Dartmouth Review. Distinguish yourself in your student days and there's no telling what heights you can reach.
Opportunities for recognition exist through elite conservative training programs and awards offered by groups like the Leadership Institute or the Clare Booth Luce Policy Institute. There is the scholarship from the Ronald Reagan Future Leaders Scholarship Program[xi] or the fellowship from the Publius Fellows Program, which is awarded to only ten upper-class undergraduate and graduate students. Then there's the hotly coveted Heritage Foundation ten-week summer internship, which is open to a mere sixty-four students.[xii] There are also contests, like the recent "Intellectual Morons" essay contest run by the Young America's Foundation, in which the entrants were asked to bash their favorite liberal "intellectual moron" (the winner wrote on Noam Chomsky, perhaps the right's favorite punching bag).[xiii] Do a web search for the names of any of the winners of the different elite scholarship or fellowship programs and you will find that they represent conservatism's most vibrant student activists and writers for college newspapers.
Central to waging the battle against progressive forces on campus is having a newspaper or magazine. For this the hugely successful political provocateur, and himself a one-time student activist during his tenure as editor of The Dartmouth Review, Dinesh D'Souza, is a prime role model. His Letters to a Young Conservative is full of advice on how to use the publication as a means to provoke progressives on campus and promote the conservative cause.[xiv] It's most important lessons: always go out looking for controversy and make as much noise as possible. Whenever the left speaks up on campuses, conservative students are always quick to respond and they make sure that their response gets more media coverage.[xv] By counter-attacking progressive activism on campus and making more noise with their responses, conservative activists have sought to drown out the voices of campus activists who oppose their views. Many winners of conservative scholarships and fellowships got their starts through their work as newspaper editors and writers.
The attack has two fronts. It's not just a matter of battling progressive student groups, but also of trying to silence faculty and force the university to change as an institution. That's where David Horowitz with his Academic Bill of Rights comes in. What is significant is that conservative students are playing a key role in that agenda. Conservative students have acted as agents of organizations like Students for Academic Freedom, by monitoring the discussions that take place in classrooms throughout the country and reporting to people like Horowitz whenever they sniff out a leftist on the faculty.[xvi] For example, Ben Lepak, a Ronald Reagan Scholar, was recently lauded on the Students for Academic Freedom website for creating the Oklahoma University Ideological Society. The Society was created to monitor the voting affiliations and reading lists of professors at Oklahoma University.
It is the cohesion of the conservative political machine that gives cause for alarm. Were Horowitz, conservative student activists, and the writers and pundits who support them doing this alone this could all be countered by vocal liberal student activists and liberal writers and pundits. The fact is, however, that the conservative activists, unlike the liberals, have the political power to back their interests. Conservative politicians on the local, state, and national levels are speaking at these student conferences. Some of these politicians and policy-makers are former activists themselves. As noted above, sixteen state legislatures have already begun to make the conservative program for transforming the university is already becoming a reality. There is no reason to think it will stop there. Liberal politicians have shown a lack of wherewithal to oppose their conservative counterparts on various more important occasions and it seems doubtful that they would be able to oppose them on this matter as well.
The Center for American Progress, a progressive think-tank, has recently tried to come to the aid of progressive students by establishing Campus Progress, an organization that educates campus lefties on how to respond to their right-wing counterparts.[xviii] The organization is primarily oriented toward the Democratic Party, a fact that does not make one optimistic. The problem with these types of organizations (as with the Democrats) is that they are propelled less by real vision than by the frantic realization that something must be done. Without vision, it does not matter how many organizations are created.
These new organizations also miss the major problem on college campuses. For Campus Progress, it's a matter of training progressive students to win the college debate on the Iraq War. Conservatives, however, know that the big issues are fought out in the halls of power and in the media. They do not leave it up to kids to win the important arguments; for that they have the elders. On college campuses, conservatives are targeting the university itself. Progressive students are led to believe that debates on gun control or abortion or affirmative action are what the fight is all about. Meanwhile, the sphere that they rely on for this discourse is slowly being destroyed under their noses. Until organizations like Campus Progress and its kind recognize this and come to the defense of the university, their activities are meaningless.
There is a deeply problematic legacy of the 1960w, which must be addressed. Many progressive activists still view the university as an oppressive institution, as the enemy. Progressive students often look to any authority as bad authority. This stubborn position of complete non-compliance with authority hurts more than it helps. This is not to say that there should not be a healthy tension between students and the university, but only that it should be recognized that the alignment of interests might make an enemy into an ally, for a while at least.
The fact that the conservative movement has been able to extend its influence to university campuses is just more evidence of how weak the left has become. The current strength of their movement, complimented by the weakness of the left, can only yield ominous predictions. If their efforts remain unchallenged by an equally vibrant movement, conservatism may become more and more appealing to undergraduate and graduate students. One can only presume that this may end with the cosmopolitan university itself transforming into a proselytizing ground, not so much for conservatism as for the blind acceptance of authority. So long as leftists avoid getting their act straight both intellectually and organizationally, all they can do is complain as they watch one of the last bastions of cosmopolitan and progressive thought crumble under the weight of a massive steamroller.
There is hope. Rather than allow the university to be transformed into a mundane and impotent institution, its role as a source of transformation must be recognized and celebrated. This is not to say that anarchy should reign on campuses, but that the university provides a vital space within the public sphere for the giving, sharing, and, most importantly, opposing of ideas. Progressive students must recognize the very real threat posed by the conservative agenda and the nature of that threat. Student groups divided by particular interests can come to recognize that they are bound by a belief in the university's active function in society. Coalitions of student groups along with left intellectuals and politicians must form in opposition against this attempt to destroy an institution that has given us a center from which to engage our world and voice our grievances with it.
Conservative students have the support of the older generation and they are given the material incentives to fight for the transformation of their universities. They know what they want and have a strategy for how to get it. Progressives do not have a clear idea of what they are defending and why. Without a counter-offensive informed by an intellectual vision, the conservative program will succeed. Right now, organization and program are in conservative's favor. They are taking the issue of the university seriously, so should progressives. The university is still a vibrant sphere for progressive democratic discourse, if that is lost then there are few places left to turn. The threat is too real and the consequences of its success are too disastrous to treat lightly.
[ii] See John Micklethwait and Adrian Woolridge's The Right Nation (New York: Penguin Books, 2004) pp. 279-282.
[iii] See for example Joshua Holland's "Backlash 101: Why Conservatives are Winning the Campus Wars" in The Gadflyer dated 8/18/04..
[iv] See Festa's "A Reflection on Four Years" in the Loyola Greyhound, issue: 4/20/04.
[v] For two very good, but very different critiques of the Academic Bill of Rights, see Russell Jacoby's "The New PC" in April 4, 2005 issue of The Nation and Stanley Fish's "'Intellectual Diversity': the Trojan Horse of a Dark Design" in the February 13, 2004 issue of The Chronicle Review.
[vi] Check out the transcript for the September 23, 2005 episode of The Journal Editorial Report, which airs on PBS. This transcript is available at www.pbs.org/wnet/journaleditoiralreport.
[vii] See the excerpt from Norman Podhoretz's The Bloody Crossroads entitled "The Adversary Culture and the New Class" in Twentieth Century Political Theory: A Reader, ed. Stephen Eric Bronner, (New York: Routledge, 1997).
[viii] See Gertrude Himmelfarb's One Nation, Two Cultures: A Searching Examination of American Society in the Aftermath of Our Cultural Revolution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999).
[ix] Look at Pam Chamberlain's study Deliberate Differences: Progressive and Conservative Campus Activism in the United States published by Political Research Associates. Austin Bramwell also notes this fact in his "Defining Conservatism Down" in The American Conservative in the August, 29, 2005 issue.
[xi] The scholarship is offered by The Phillips Foundation, there website for the scholarship is http://www.thephillipsfoundation.org/futureleaders.htm.
[xii] Read more about the Heritage Foundation's internship in The New York Times article by Jason De Parle, "Next Generation of Conservatives (By the Dormful)," which appeared on June 14, 2005.
[xv] See Pam Chamberlain's PRA study, p. 20-22.
[xvi] David Horowitz's Front Page magazine regularly publicizes the stories of young Conservative students who are faced by the abuse of being exposed viewpoints other than their own.
[xvii] It's important to note this conclusion is not that different from Joshua Holland's excellent article cited earlier.
[xviii] See Sam Graham-Felsen's "New Face of the Campus Left" in the Feb. 13, 2006 issue of The Nation. Also, visit the website: www.campusprogress.org.


text:
Google Closes Buzz Service, To Concentrate on Google+
11:03 am October 16, 2011 By Julian Horsey
At the end of last week Google announced it would be shutting a few more of its products and services including its Google Buzz social networking service which was designed to provide an easy way for Gmail users to be able to share links, photos, videos, status messages and comments organised in "conversations" and visible in the user's inbox. Now that their new Google+ social network is live Google Buzz is no longer required and has been superseded.
Other services to also be shut down by Google include: Google Code which was designed to help people search for open source code all over the web and Jaiku, a product Google acquired back in 2007 that let users send updates to friends. Google Buzz will now shut down in the coming weeks while Jaiku and Code Search will both go offline on January 15th, 2012.
Google has also announced the closure of its Google Labs website following on from an earlier announcement made a few months back.Boutiques.com and the former Like.com websites will now also be merged in to Google's Product Search.
The University Research Program for Google Search, which provides API access to our search results for a small number of approved academic researchers, will close on January 15, 2012.
Filed Under: Technology News


text:
Erin Pizzey: An Open Letter to Women
Filed under: General — amfortas @ 9:12 pm Sat 13th March 2010
Erin Pizzey: An Open Letter to Women in the Domestic Violence Movement
By Abusegate Bob
Link Here
AN OPEN LETTER TO WOMEN IN THE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE MOVEMENT FROM THE FOUNDER OF THE MOVEMENT AND AUTHOR OF THE FIRST MODERN BOOK ABOUT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
When I first tried to open the refuge, the police, the charities, the social service agencies, the newspapers, all said it would stand empty. They said it wasn't a significant problem, that it happened only rarely, and when it did it was already being handled effectively by the existing agencies.
Domestic violence against women was only a minor problem, and very few women were getting seriously hurt anyway. Of course, when we finally did open, and got a little support at last to make women aware of our existence, we were filled to overflowing and the phone was ringing off the hook.
It's the same exact thing now with attempts to have domestic violence resources for men. The same attitude exists. However, it's even more difficult now to open something for men, or raise awareness, than it was when I opened the first shelter for women.
There is now an established domestic violence industry which fears any acknowledgment of the well established scientific fact (through my own research and many many others) that women can be as violent as men with their intimate partners and are not always the victim or acting only in self-defense. This fear is based on a false premise, that acknowledging this fact or speaking publicly about it, or offering services, will take away funding and hurt the established resources for women.
That's nonsense. I proved and others can too, that offering help for abused men can be done within an existing system set up originally to help women, that is willing to deal with the totality and reality of domestic violence. There should of course, also be some support groups, shelter help, and crisis lines specifically aimed and publicized as such for men-what man for example, would even think to call a crisis line that called itself a "woman's crisis line."
Of course, he's automatically excluded.
The charities and the social service system and government told me when I opened the first refuge for women that there wasn't enough money, that resources were stretched too thin, that police have to focus on where the majority of the crime is, and so on.
Nonsense. Where there's a will, there's a way. The trouble is, there's no will. But there should be, and women should take the lead, not men. After all, not only is it our brothers, fathers, and friends who are being abused, by not helping men, we're not helping women who are having trouble dealing with their own violence against their partners and against their children.
Because we too easily accept such violence against men, we are not dealing as effectively as we could with child abuse, where women constitute the primary perpetrators.
Our acceptance of women's violence against men increase the chances of both boys and girls being involved with domestic violence in their later adult lives. I've seen that scenario happen time and time again.
Women have the power in the established domestic violence movement now. We should take the lead in taking the movement to the next step. Economic circumstances for many women have changed, so that while it was important to focus first on women when I started things more than twenty years ago, women now have more economic opportunities and more government support as well as refuge resources to get help.
Besides, we should now be ready to accept what the researchers are all telling us…there are many many violent women. As women, we can not claim perfection and ask to be put on a pedestal any longer, and most women no longer desire that, but to make that change, we must also accept responsibility for our own actions or lack of action.
Because of these views, and daring to speak out, I've been vilified, and physically threatened many times by women in the domestic violence movement.
Don't tell me that women can't be violent!
Now a days, you won't even find my name or my domestic violence books mentioned in the established domestic violence literature…I've been erased because of heresy, or daring to speak to the truth. But when I can, I still take the opportunity to speak out, because we'll never break the chain of domestic violence until we accept the truth, domestic violence is a complex issue, there are many elements involved in intimate partner relationships, it takes hard work and investigation to deal with it in a truly effective manner, and finally, no one sex, just because of their sex, is less capable of it. "
— Erin Pizzey, Author, Scream Quietly or the Neighbors Will Hear
Founder of the world's first shelter and crisis line for battered women, Chiswick
Women's Refuge
From a 2000 Interview with journalist Philip W. Cook, author of Abused Men-The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence
7 Responses to "Erin Pizzey: An Open Letter to Women"
Alastair says:
Sat 13th March 2010 at 9:20 pm
Erin Pizzey founder of the first Women's Refuge in the UK in 1971 said in 2007.
"This has nothing to do with domestic violence, this is the feminist movement which is basically hijacking the subject because it is a worthy cause" in their terms, and also they wanted the funding because they couldn't get funding as open feminists, but what they have managed to do is to turn it into a billion dollar industry, which has effectively destroyed family life in the Western world and feminised the courts, the law, everything else in its wake, and the result is that there's millions of men who have been falsely accused, who have lost their children, who have been extradited from their families."
Sat 13th March 2010 at 10:37 pm
Thank-you for the post Amfortas,
There should of course, also be some support groups, shelter help, and crisis lines specifically aimed and publicized as such for men-what man for example, would even think to call a crisis line that called itself a "woman's crisis line."
The women's refuge crisis line in NZ does get calls from men who are being abused by their partners and the men's crisis line was on TV news talking about lack of funding when Judy Turner (ex MP for United Future) spoke to the media saying men matter when it comes to family violence.
Now we just need a string of men's support groups all organised by men who can be a part of a men's national collective and advocate for men.
The National collective of women's refuges in New Zealand would agree with what Erin Pizzy is saying from my research. It's sad when a problem needs to be fixed yesterday and things take their time in the pipeline and with the building, but it will happen.
Julie;
The National collective of women's refuges in New Zealand would agree with what Erin Pizzy is saying from my research
That would be one of the best things that would have come out of the women's refuge with regard for men. May I ask what your research is ?
I'm happy to work with any organisation that is willing to help publicise that Men are also abused. However, since women's refuge hasn't yet publicly acknowledged this fact they remain a hostile force; if you understand where I'm coming from.
With the white ribbon campaigns and the 'its not ok' campaigns exclusively viewing women and children as relevant and men not, I would invite the women's refuge to an opportunity to change public and government perception.
Are we able to do this as a mens movement in some way ?
Hi noconfidence
I've talked to a good number of women who run women's refuges over the past 4 years and women who are a vocal part of the head group. When I've had some free time I've even phoned the refuge crisis line and got into some good discussions with the women.
Father and Child Trust in Christchurch has done some or a lot of work with women working in refuges. They thank them for giving a men's voice.
I'm happy to work with any organisation that is willing to help publicise that Men are also abused.
There's a lot more to it than just publicising men are victims. Everything has to be set up first.
The idea of having a refuge for women and a refuge for men is off the table. There was a men's refuge and it gave insight as to how complicated it can become when a couple has the woman in the women's refuge and the man in the men's refuge.
I don't know what their outcome will end up being but I know a place where the whole family goes is one thing on the table.
I also know through another MRA's activism that the government has replied saying men as victims to women is part of the plan in action.
However, since women's refuge hasn't yet publicly acknowledged this fact they remain a hostile force; if you understand where I'm coming from.
For sure, I understand where you are coming from.
As in everything New Zealand does, the work to prepare the settings happens before the public hears about the problem. The anti smacking law came out 4 years after all the plans were made on how to make it work. (Labour MP told me that).
Oh Yeah! Absolutely.
If you organised all the major men advocates to speak up for men at a meeting where all women's refuge leaders were the audience, you'd be a hero.
Sun 14th March 2010 at 9:59 am
Sounds like a challenge… 🙂
I'll have a think about this and will get back to you since I think you (and others on here) have more experience than I do 🙂
Sun 14th March 2010 at 5:03 pm
Or a heroine.
Sounds like a job for Super-Jools !
Mon 15th March 2010 at 10:14 am
There's no super-Jools here Amfortas. (It's a myth, lol)
Just so you know, this site is connected to some pretty special people who do a lot for men's rights when it comes to domestic violence.
The role that is vacant for me to play is helping single fathers, … which I better get on with. Oh, the guilt! 🙂
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This book has some awesome recipes, BUT the carb count is off. Most recipes in this book claim to have 0-2 carbs, and in some cases that rings true. Recipes claiming to have 0 carbs in fact have carbohydrates. This is confusing to someone new in the keto game. Thankfully I have double check all carb counts before putting them into my body, or making a new recipe. Would be great if they had TRUE carbohydrate calculations.


NEWS, May 18, 2015: Post 147 announced that it would sponsor Walter Manuel at this year's Boys State Program to be held June 20-25 at Eastern Connecticut State University. The initial application administration and Program cost will be handled by the Post. Congratulation to Walter from Post 147!


Knew there was something to it. That last quote about breath-syncing and ... yes.
Also yes, that's me, from a few years ago when I "was a model". It was so cold that day. It was like, December and sleeting.
So why are more yogis hitting the road?
- Marisa Sako, a yoga instructor at Kula Yoga, Bend and Bloom, and Pure Yoga East in New York City.
"I started running at the suggestion of a physical therapist who said I was too flexible. Running helped me build stability. I'm in touch with the muscles and how everything is tied together because of running—I feel stretches more deeply." - Jessica Parks, a former dancer and now instructor at Namaste New York and Move With Grace in Brooklyn.
And Sako firmly believes running has enhanced her practice.


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text:
Baalhoek is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is located in the municipality of Hulst, about 5 km east of Kloosterzande on the dyke of the Westerschelde.

The name of the hamlet refers to an old pier to the north, "Ten Ballen", used by a ferry. When the village of Hontenisse disappeared in a flood in 1509, this pier and some of the remaining dykes formed a corner ("hoek"), named "Ballenhouck". The pier disappeared into the Westerschelde around 1600, but the name remained.

According to the 19th-century historian A.J. van der Aa, Baalhoek (or "Balhoek") was the only settlement in the Kruispolder, a polder that was reclaimed from the sea in 1616. In the middle of the 19th century, it consisted of 19 houses, and had a population of more than 70. All of the houses of the hamlet were located on or near the sea dyke. There was a little harbour here. Around the harbour, a new hamlet Kruispolderhaven arose.

Nowadays, the hamlet is the smallest of the three hamlets in the Kruispolder, including Kruisdorp and Kruispolderhaven. Together, these three settlements are also named "Kruispolder".

Baalhoek is mostly associated with the "Baalhoekkanaal" (Baalhoek Canal), a plan for a shortcut to the harbour of Antwerp to bypass the narrows of Bath that was proposed in 1967, but finally rejected in 1998 due to the resistance of a coalition of environmentalists and farmers.

References

Populated places in Zeeland
Hulst

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia