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Fidel Castro and the Defeat of South African's Apartheid
Former South African President Nelson Mandela (L) hugs Cuba's President Fidel Castro during a visit to Mandela's home in Houghton, Johannesburg in this September 2, 2001 file photo. REUTERS/Chris Kotze/File Photo
Many people questioned it then and continue to question it now, but Nelson Mandela had no doubt that Fidel Castro played a central and critical role in the defeat of apartheid in South Africa.
In 1991, the year after his release from prison and the start of the process to dismantle apartheid, Mandela went to Cuba on a pilgrimage of thanks.
"In Africa we are used to being victims of countries that want to take from us our territory or overthrow our sovereignty," Mandela told a crowd in Havana. "In African history there is not another instance where another people has stood up for one of ours."
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That's debatable, and Mandela was given to embellished gratitude towards those who had put themselves on the line in opposition to apartheid, but there is a strong argument to be made that the death of the white minority regime in South Africa was sealed at the battle of Cuito Cuanavale in Angola, which raged from August 1987 until June 1988.
This was the largest battle fought in Africa since the slugging matches between Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's Eighth Army and Field Marshal Erwin Rommel's Afrika Corps in North Africa in the Second World War. I drove through the battle field of Cuito Cuanavale, about 200 kilometres north of the border with Namibia, a couple of years after the battle. The arid plain was still littered with the wrecks of burned-out tanks and armoured vehicles. Africa's iconic red earth was scarred with massive bomb and artillery craters. Everywhere the ground was covered with slowly decaying cartridge and artillery-shell cases.
Just how many people died in the battle of Cuito Cuanavale is heavily disputed and will never be known for sure, but from what both sides admit to, at least 10,000 people were killed and many more wounded. The true cost is doubtless much higher.
The significance of the battle, and the reason Mandela and many others point to it as the beginning of the end of apartheid is that, to quote Mandela, "it destroyed the myth of the invincibility of the white oppressor … and inspired the fighting masses of South Africa."
To put it more bluntly, the South Africans lost their air superiority. Their aging and obsolete warplanes were out-classed and out-fought by the Cubans in their modern MiG fighters. Without air superiority, the South Africans could no longer send armoured raids into neighbouring countries to root out the guerrilla training camps of Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC).
More immediately, the loss of air superiority made vulnerable the South African forces occupying Namibia, south of Angola and north of South Africa's western cape Province. Successive South African governments had occupied and administered Namibia since they captured what was then German Southwest Africa in the First World War. Initially, the occupation was mandated by the League of Nations, but that was withdrawn in 1946 after the creation of the United Nations. However, South Africa continued to occupy Namibia illegally and created an apartheid regime there. By the late 1980s, the South African administration and the local white-minority ruling class were in the midst of a guerrilla war with the South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), whose fighters operated from bases over the border in Angola.
The apartheid regime in Pretoria was already under pressure on all sides when it lost its regional military dominance at Cuito Cuanavale. The South African government was fearful of the reaction of its white supporters to the loss of their sons in the military. The hesitant way in which the South African commanders fought the battle reflected the apprehension of a backlash among the white public at home.
There were two other significant factors that drove President F. W. de Klerk and his ministers to begin talks with the ANC in 1989, leading to the release of Mandela after 27 years in prison on February 11, 1990, the formal ending of apartheid, the creation of a new constitution, and free elections in 1994.
One was the pending collapse of the Soviet Union and the accompanying discrediting of communism. South African Communist Party members dominated the upper echelons of the ANC. De Klerk and his ministers believed – naively, as was obvious at the time – that the failure of world communism could allow their reformed National Party to win a free and fair election.
The other reason to opt for a negotiated end to apartheid in 1989 was demographics. The regime was facing a decline in the white population because of both a low birth rate, and the emigration of whites tired of sanctions and fearful for the future. At the same time, the black population was growing fast. Already, close to half the white working population was engaged in the administration of racial segregation. De Klerk's officials calculated that within a decade there would not be enough white people in South Africa to keep apartheid functioning.
Even so, the battle of Cuito Cuanavale was the trip-wire that triggered all these imperatives that forced the South African government to negotiate an end to apartheid. And there is no question that Castro's Cuban expeditionary force fighting on behalf of the Angolan government of Jose Eduardo dos Santos and his Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) played the key role in tripping that wire. Without the Cubans, the South African forces would almost certainly have dominated and the pressure on Pretoria to negotiate a settlement would have been considerably less.
Castro's involvement in Angola started in the mid-1970s, when Africa was a theatre in the Cold War. The lines were drawn between the Soviet Union, with Cuba (and to a lesser extent, China) at its side, supporting leftist "liberation movements," on one flank. On the other, the U.S. and the old colonial powers — Britain, France, Portugal and Belgium — put their muscle behind either their own colonial regimes or else the centrist or right-wing surrogates they put in place after hauling down their flags.
There was already a liberation insurgency going on in Angola in April 1975 when its colonial master, Portugal, suddenly upped and left. In fact, there were three anti-colonial guerrilla armies operating in Angola and the departing Portuguese left them to fight it out. Dominant was the MPLA and its armed wing, the Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FPLA), which was backed by the Soviet Union and Cuba. Of the other two groups, the most important was the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by the former Maoist Jonas Savimbi, who was backed by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the South African apartheid regime.
The war between the FPLA, backed by Castro's soldiers and airmen, and UNITA's forces, aided by South African military when necessary, raged back and forth for 13 years. By and large, the governing MPLA forces held the north and west of the country and UNITA held the southeast. As the years went by, the civil war became mixed up with the liberation war going on in neighbouring Namibia, as well as uprisings and unrest to the north in the Congo, then known as Zaire.
By mid-1987, Savimbi's UNITA fighters had made some significant gains and were firmly entrenched at Jamba and Mavinga. After several failed attempts to dislodge UNITA, the government FPLA forces, with many hundreds of Soviet "advisers" and commanded by Soviet Major-General Ivan Ryabchenko, devised Operacao Saludando Octubra. The plan was to push out from their base at Cuito Cuanavale and drive the UNITA forces from Mavinga and Jamba. Cuban forces were not involved in the initial stages of the battle, serving only in support functions, but the Cuban commanders warned Ryabchenko and the FPLA commanders that their attack would give the South Africans another excuse to intervene in the Angolan war.
The Cubans were right. The South Africans got wind of the FPLA military build-up in Cuito Cuanavale well ahead of the government offensive and warned UNITA what was coming. On June 15, the South African government decided to support UNITA and dispatched about 1,000 troops to southern Angola, with another 2,000 troops added later. The deployment included armoured units and South Africa's G5 howitzers, which had a range of 40 kilometres or more and were the most effective artillery in the world at the time.
The battle began early in August when the FPLA set out from Cuito Cuanavale with about 6,000 fighters in armoured and mechanized brigades, including 80 tanks, supporting artillery and MiG 23 warplanes for air support and ground attack.
The objective of UNITA and its South African allies was to check the FPLA breakout and stop them crossing the Lomba River. The South Africans called this Operation Modular, and in a series of bloody fights through September and early October, they and the four UNITA battalions of about 8,000 men fought the FPLA to a standstill.
The FPLA losses were heavy. By some estimates, the four FPLA brigades lost between 60 and 70 per cent of their strength, as well as much equipment, including over 60 tanks, around 80 armoured vehicles and the first sophisticated Soviet SA-8 anti-aircraft missiles to fall into western hands.
By late September, UNITA and the South Africans were counter-attacking. The Angolan government forces fell back on Cuito Cuanavale and by the end of November the battle had stalled.
Humiliated, and seeing little chance of restoring their reputation, the Soviets chose this moment to pull out. Angolan President dos Santos immediately called Castro for aid. Castro responded quickly and dispatched 15,000 troops and MiG 23 fighter-bombers to reinforce the battered government forces in Cuito Cuanavale. The troops began arriving in large numbers early in December. It was with the arrival of the Cubans in large numbers that the tide of the battle turned.
Meanwhile, the Pretoria government was wrestling with the political fallout from the scores of its soldiers killed in the first stage of the battle. Its battle-worn troops in Angola were replaced by fresh detachments and new tanks, but the number of troops was reduced to 2,000 and their mandate was only to keep the government forces bottled up in Cuito Cuanavale.
In January and February 1988, there was a series of skirmishes, some of them fierce battles with significant losses on both sides. The South Africans called this period Operation Hooper, and while the Cubans and government forces did not manage to break out of Cuito Cuanavale, neither did UNITA, and the South Africans convincingly fence them in. It was in this period that the Cubans began to achieve air superiority.
The third phase of the battle started in March 1988, when large UNITA detachments with South Africans in support attempted to drive the Cuban and FAPLA forces from an area outside Cuito Cuanavale protected by the River Tumpo. Both UNITA and the South African forces were heavily mauled, and the South Africans lost a significant number of tanks and armoured vehicles. The operation was a major propaganda victory for Castro and a loss for Pretoria.
The final stage of the battle – called Operation Displace by the South Africans – was primarily an artillery duel. The South Africans used their G-5 howitzers to shell Cuito Cuanavale from up to 40 kilometres away, while the Cubans used their air power with increasing confidence and effectiveness.
The battle of Cuito Cuanavale ended on June 27, 1988, when in a major engagement the Cubans bombed the Calueque Dam in southwestern Angola, only 11 kilometres north of the Namibian border. A CIA report noted that the bombing of the dam emphasized that the Cubans had achieved air superiority and that South African air defences were weak.
In the days before this action, when it looked as though the Cubans might drive right up to the Namibian border, the South Africans had called up 140,000 reservists. But on reflection, Pretoria decided that the risk of escalating the war with the Cubans was not worthwhile and began withdrawing the troops. By the end of August, they had all left Angola.
While the final stages of the battle were under way, the South Africans were negotiating with the Namibian liberation group, SWAPO. On August 22, 1988, a peace treaty was signed and the following December became a formal agreement for the withdrawal of South African forces from Namibia, and elections leading to a government elected by the majority.
Namibia gained its independence in March, 1990. By that time, Mandela had been released, apartheid had been lifted, and the process of negotiating a new constitution for South Africa was starting.
Who won and who lost the battle of Cuito Cuanavale remains a matter of dispute, but what is beyond doubt is that the apartheid regime came face-to-face with the reality that it was not prepared to make the blood sacrifices necessary to keep control of South Africa, and probably could not do so even if it wished.
Copyright Jonathan Manthorpe 2016
Contact, including queries about syndication/republishing: jonathan.manthorpe@gmail.com
See also: Castro and Trudeau, Kindred Spirits, by Jonathan Manthorpe
Canada's Pierre Trudeau and Cuba's Fidel Castro were brothers under the skin. It is no wonder they became life-long friends, for each could see a reflection of himself in the other. The similarity in the backgrounds of the two men is compelling.
Related stories in F&O:
Fidel Castro, Dead at 90: A Life in Photos, by Marc Frank and Nelson Acosta Report/Photo essay
Fidel Castro, the Cuban revolutionary leader who built a communist state on the doorstep of the United States and for five decades defied U.S. efforts to topple him, died Nov. 25, 2016. He was 90. A towering figure of the second half of the 20th Century, Castro stuck to his ideology beyond the collapse of Soviet communism and remained widely respected in parts of the world that had struggled against colonial rule.
Fidel Castro, The Facts, compiled by Reuters
Cuban revolutionary and its former president Fidel Castro died, age 90, on Friday November 26. Following are some facts about former Cuban leader Fidel Castro, and quotes from his friends and foes.
Fidel Castro: Anachronism and Achiever, With Tarnished Legacy, by Mark Beeson Analysis
Twentieth-century political icons don't get much bigger than Fidel Castro. His death will reignite debates about his place in history and the revolutionary ideas he epitomised.
Jonathan Manthorpe is a founding columnist with Facts and Opinions and is the author of the journal's International Affairs column. He is the author of "Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan," and has been a foreign correspondent and international affairs columnist for nearly 40 years. Manthorpe's nomadic career began in the late 1970s as European Bureau Chief for The Toronto Star, the job that took Ernest Hemingway to Europe in the 1920s. In the mid-1980s Manthorpe became European Correspondent for Southam News. In the following years Manthorpe was sent by Southam News, the internal news agency for Canada's largest group of metropolitan daily newspapers, to be the correspondent in Africa and then Asia. Between postings Manthorpe spent a few years based in Ottawa focusing on intelligence and military affairs, and the United Nations. Since 1998 Manthorpe has been based in Vancouver, but has travelled frequently on assignment to Asia, Europe and Latin America.
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Home / Sports / Iowa Hawkeyes / Iowa Football
Iowa football's most-interesting 2019 games: No. 9 Illinois
Jul. 1, 2019 1:03 pm, Updated: Jul. 1, 2019 7:09 pm
All the leaves will be brown and the sky will probably be gray when Illinois' football team plays at Iowa the Saturday before Thanksgiving.
I'll be California dreamin', or at least dreamin' of somewhere else to be. But the job demands you take the chaff with the wheat, and watching Illinois in football has long been chaff.
How I have it the ninth-most interesting game on the Hawkeyes' schedule is only because I'm giving the Fighting Illini the benefit of the doubt that all the freshmen they've played in Lovie Smith's first three years as their coach have gotten better as they've aged. A leap of faith, that is. So No. 9, this is. Somehow:
Illinois, Nov. 23, at Kinnick Stadium
Almost every conference has one of them and occasionally two. They are the programs that can't get out of their own way, that change coaches every four years or so, that are designated victims. They are Oregon State. They are Kansas. They are Rutgers.
They are Illinois.
Iowa will seek its sixth-straight win over the Illini come Nov. 23. The Hawkeyes' last loss to Illinois was in 2008. The last time the Illini won in Kinnick Stadium was 1999.
Of first-year students at Iowa last fall, 28 percent were Illinois residents. Come for the tuition price, stay for the pummeling of the Illini on the gridiron.
From a great distance, you would think Illinois would have the built-in advantage of being able to land a vast supply of high school talent from Chicagoland, keeping it competitive each year. Up close, you know Chicagoland yawns at the state school as its top preps travel hither and yon to pursue other opportunities.
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Iowa has had a few Chicagolanders of note this century. More than a few, actually. Matt Roth. Adam Gettis. Tony Moeaki. Jaleel Johnson. Ben and Nick Niemann. Louis Trinca-Pasat. Jordan Walsh. Mark Weisman. Ivory Kelly-Martin. Amani Jones. C.J. Fiedorowicz.
That's just a sliver.
A laundry list of the Illini's negative football numbers of the last decade would be a long one. Here are three of the lowlights:
1. They're 29-102 in the Big Ten over the last 16 years.
2. Their last winning league record was in 2007, when they went to the Rose Bowl and got smashed by USC, 49-17.
3. Their last two bowl games were the Fight Hunger and the Heart of Dallas. The College Football Hall of Fame doesn't have exhibits for either bowl.
Last year, Iowa beat Illinois in Champaign, 63-0. You don't see 63-0 too often in Big Ten games if your name isn't Rutgers.
That was the third time the Illini gave up that number last season. Penn State and Maryland also hung 63s on them, but at least Illinois scored against those two.
I know you Hawkeyes loved that bloodletting in Champaign, but as someone who was there to chronicle it, it was brutal. The announced attendance was 33,313. Yeah, right.
The day had lousy weather and a lousier atmosphere. I want competition every time out. I want something compelling.
Granted, Iowa defensive end A.J. Epenesa did provide the you-don't-see-this-every-Saturday story with a forced fumble, a recovery of that fumble, a return of that fumble for a touchdown, a quarterback sack, and a blocked punt all within a two-minute period. But the three-hour story was this: 'Ewwww.'
Epenesa is from Illinois, by the way.
Iowa defensive end A.J. Epenesa (94) knocks the ball away from Illinois running back Ra'Von Bonner (21) last Nov. 17 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Ill. Epenesa recovered the fumble and returned it 19 yards for a touchdown during the Hawkeyes' 63-0 win. (The Gazette)
University of Iowa, Preview, Analysis, University of Iowa
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I am the sports columnist and Iowa men's basketball beat writer for The Gazette. Join our Hawkeye Text Update.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last month, I had a chance to meet Gary Pisoni, farmer and Pioneer of Pinot Noir. Not just a clever use of alliteration – Gary is, possibly, the single most important innovator in domestic Piont Noir production. The son of Italian immigrants and lettuce farmers in the Santa Lucia Highlands, Gary was the first to attempt to grow Pinot Noir in the region waaaay back in 1982. At the time – there was no water source on the hillside property his family owned. So enamored of the location was he, Gary resolved to drive a water truck from the valley floor up to his vineyards until a prolific well was dug. This took ten years, but Gary was son passionate about his wines that he continued diving that truck down the hill, filling it with water, and driving it back up again to sustain his grapes.
Never available in the St. Louis market, this gem will garner high ratings.
Wait for the scores and you're likely to miss out.
Handcrafted by the Pisoni family from fruit grown on the Garys' Vineyard. A collaberation between Gary Francioni & Gary Pisoni, this vineyard contains Pinot Noir and a small plot of Syrah.
Raymond Collection Field Blend is a full bodied fruit forward wine perfect red for spring . This unique blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Petite Sirah, and Zinfandel at $10.99, with your help, I will have a chance to beat the other employees this month.
From Piemonte, producer Giovanni Bosca uses wine from his estate as the base for this amaro. He then infuses the wine with two very curious ingredients — cardoon, which is a relative of the artichoke, and Blessed Thistle. The resulting spirit is less bitter than many amari, with a smooth, nutty, candied winter spice quality to it.
A glass of Cocchi's Barolo chinato is not a vinous experience you're likely to soon forget! In addition to quinine bark, rhubarb, gentian and a final addition of somewhat secreted spices, including cardamom seed, are added to this pleasantly bitter tipple, which ranks up there with Fernet Branca as the world's best digestivo.
Bonal Gentiane-Quina, once nicknamed "ouvre l'appetit" (the key to the appetite), is a delicious aperitif wine that has been in production since 1865. It is made by infusing gentian root, herbs from the Grande Chartreuse mountains, and cinchona (quinine), in a Mistelle base, producing a wine that is known for its complexity. It is traditionally enjoyed neat, on ice with a twist, or in many classic mixed drinks.
Yummy!!! We had such a great line up this week we hope you enjoyed it. Please let us know what you thought and if you have any suggestions.


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Dolok Malela is een bestuurslaag in het regentschap Simalungun van de provincie Noord-Sumatra, Indonesië. Dolok Malela telt 2059 inwoners (volkstelling 2010).

Plaats in Noord-Sumatra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Vivo Y15s Goes Official with Barebones Features and a Budget-friendly Price
November 10, 2021 by Abdul Rahman
This season, Vivo appears to be churning out one Y-series phone after another. The Vivo Y15s, the latest in this line of entry-level smartphones, has just made its debut in two Asian markets: the Philippines and Singapore. Let us introduce the Vivo Y12s successor, a pocket-friendly Android phone.
The phone has a small footprint, with a body that weighs only 179g and measures 8.28mm thick. The Vivo Y15s is made of plastic and has a line texture. It is available in Wave Green and Mystic Blue. Inside the squarish camera, the bump is two lenses and an LED flash. For ease of use, the fingerprint scanner is combined with the side power button.
Vivo Y15s Goes Official with Barebones
Aside from their appealing designs, Vivo's low-cost phones are rarely noteworthy. The Vivo Y15s' MediaTek Helio P35 chipset was released in 2018. As a result, it already feels out of place in 2021. This chip is powered by Android 11 Go Edition, a stripped-down version of the operating system designed for low-end hardware.
A 13MP camera with a tiny f/2.2 aperture and a 2MP macro camera are included in the dual camera. A selfie camera with an 8MP resolution can be found on the front. The Vivo Y15s can shoot in time-lapse, macro, and Pro modes, but the engine inside isn't modern enough to support night mode on either camera. A 5000 mAh battery powers everything. The Y15s cannot fast charge, but it can reverse-charge other devices. The almost-obsolete micro-USB interface serves as the USB interface. The display is a standard 6.51″ IPS LCD with a 720P resolution. It is available in a single 3GB+32GB edition. The new Y15s is priced at SGD 179 (approximately Rs. 22,700) by Vivo.
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The big questions we will tackle are: Are blogs worth the effort to publish on a regular basis? Does blogging for artists lead to sales?
Join Jason Horejs and me for a new Art Marketing/Art Business Podcast on Tuesday, May 15 at 4:00 pm Pacific. (7:00 Eastern, 6:00 Central, 5:00 Mountain, 4:00 AZ).
This month, Jason Horejs, the owner of Xanadu Gallery, author of Starving to Successful: The Fine Artist's Guide to Getting into Galleries and How to Sell Art, and I will talk about blogging tips for artists. There are valuable reasons to blog, and numerous ways to go about blogging. We'll cover as many as possible in our podcast.
Are blogs worth the effort to publish on a regular basis?
Does blogging for artists lead to sales?
Jason and I will help you weigh the pros and cons of blogging, and we will give you tips on how to make your blog more effective.
Have questions or comments about blogging? Email Jason at [email protected]. He and I will try and address your question and comments during the broadcast.
Would you like us to review your blog during the podcast? Email a link to your blog to [email protected]to submit your blog for critique.
A note about start time: Because listeners are registering from all across the country (and a number from around the globe) start time always causes confusion. There is just one broadcast and it begins at 4:00 p.m. Arizona (which doesn't observe daylight savings time) – this corresponds to 4:00 Pacific, 5:00 Mountain, 6:00 Central and 7:00 Eastern. Check the chart below for your start time.
When you register for the broadcast it will show you registered for 4:00 Pacific – you will simply need to remember to translate that to your time. We will send out a reminder on Tuesday with the start time again, so please don't panic when the broadcast system sends you the reminder in Pacific time.


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The Court-Martial of Jackie Robinson – Podcast #21
Categories: Crime & Punishment, Law & Order, Podcast, Sports
When I was growing up, my dad loved sports and I'm not as big a fan, but he always talked about sports. And one of the people that he always mentioned was Jackie Robinson. He mentioned many others, but he always seemed to come back to Jackie Robinson. I think he was just a really, really big fan of his.
A couple of weeks ago, which was April 15, 2009, I was watching TV and I notice on the news that they mentioned that all of the players in the major leagues of baseball were wearing number 42 on their jerseys. That happened to be Jackie Robinson's number. That number was retired from all the Major League teams back in 1997 to honor him. Since April 15th was the 67th anniversary of his entrance into the major leagues, all of the players that day wore his number to honor him.
It was at that moment that I shoved aside the podcast that I was working on and decided to tell you this story. I just thought it was an appropriate time. It's a story that I've been sitting on for a couple of years. I don't know where I came across it, but I have been accumulating bits and pieces here and there and just kind of put them in a file folder.
#42 Jackie Robinson in 1954. Library of Congress image.
And as soon as I heard this on the news, I knew I had to share with you because so many people know about Jackie Robinson, the baseball player, one of the greatest of all time, and how he broke down the color barrier, but few people know just prior to him going into the Major leagues he faced a court-martial in the military. He was almost dishonorably discharged, which would have meant the end of any professional career in baseball, basketball, football, or whatever he would have chosen.
So, the fact that we know anything about him today may be because of the outcome of this trial. I thought it would be a good thing to tell you because it's something that few people actually know about.
So, let's start with little background:
The first thing you should probably know was that Jackie Robinson was the first UCLA student to ever letter in four sports in the same season. They were track, basketball, football, and baseball, for which is famous. Yet, most people don't know is that baseball was his worst sport in college. He was their star running back in football. Kind of an odd little twist there…
The other thing that you should probably know, and this doesn't have anything to do with the story, but he wasn't the only one that was good at sports in his family. His brother Mack finished second to Jesse Owens in the 200-meter dash in the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
Unfortunately, Jackie was forced to drop out of UCLA in 1940, in the latter part of his senior year, because of the bad financial situation at home. Since professional-level athletics were off-limits to blacks at this time, he had no choice but to take a number of lower-level sports-related jobs until he was drafted into the Army in 1942.
And that is where this story begins.
Like so many other draftees, he was assigned to an Army calvary at Fort Riley in Kansas, and he began to think that maybe there was a career there. He applied for Officer Candidate School (OCS) at Fort Wright.
The army did have an established policy of allowing African Americans into the OCS. They had established that in July 1941 just prior to Robinson entering the military. But the reality was that they weren't letting anyone in. One could apply, but your application just seemed to be caught up permanent review. No blacks were being admitted to the OCS.
And when Jackie realized this, he turned to Joe Louis. who was the heavyweight champion of the world at the time and just happened to be at Fort Riley. Joe Lewis was not a commissioned officer, but he had clout and he was able to bring the situation to the attention of some of his commanding officers. It wasn't very long before Jackie Robinson and several other black men were enrolled in the OCS.
Keep in mind that Jackie Robinson was somewhat of a national sports celebrity this time, and while he may have been thinking about a military career, the coaches at the Fort had a different thing in mind. They wanted him on their football team. Jackie Robinson turned them down and requested to play on their baseball team.
Robinson tried out for the baseball team but when he showed up for tryouts, he was told by an officer that he had to play for the colored team. Not only was this insulting but there was no colored team. They were attempting to force Robinson to play on the football team. They threatened to force him so Jackie Robinson made it very clear that they can force him to play, but they can't force him to play well. And that was the end of them trying to get him onto the football team.
In January 1943, Robinson was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant. At this time, black officers in the Jim Crow South got very little respect from whites, and he had several more minor run-ins with the prejudicial white officers at the base.
As an officer, Robinson wanted to accompany his battalion overseas, but there was one little minor problem: Jackie Robinson was on limited service due to an ankle injury he'd received playing sports in college. The military did permit him to go overseas with his battalion, but this required him to forfeit his right to sue. They didn't want to get sued if he got hurt overseas. Robinson agreed to sign away his rights if they let him go.
Well, they turned around and told him that they would let him go if he got a medical exam and the doctors said that it was okay. Robinson agreed and that's where the trouble began.
The medical examination itself basically was a non-event. It took place at a hospital about thirty miles from the base on July 6, 1944, but it was while he was waiting for the results that he got himself into trouble. After the examination, Robinson was given a pass back to the base only to find his battalion out on maneuvers.
He had some time to spare and decided to go to the Officer's club. While there, he met the wife of another black Lieutenant, a woman named Mrs. Gordon H. Jones.
When he finally decided to go back to the hospital to get his results, Mrs. Jones mentioned that her house was along the way. Mrs. Jones accompanied Jackie Robinson on his bus ride back to the hospital and this is where the real trouble started. While the US military may have been officially desegregated on paper, but in the South, it was not. The Jim Crow mentality was still in full force.
Upon boarding the bus, Robinson sat right down next to Mrs. Jones. She had much lighter skin than Robinson, so the bus driver concluded that she was white and sitting on the bus next to a black man. The driver, Milton Reneger, demanded that Robinson move further back on the bus. The policy was that blacks had to sit in the rear of the bus.
Jackie refused to budge. He knew that the army had issued orders ending racial segregation on military bases, and he was well within his rights to sit next to her. A heated argument ensued, and the driver eventually backed down and the ride continued.
Everything seemed fine until Robinson and Mrs. Jones had to switch buses, at which point the driver returned with his dispatcher and two other drivers and the war of words began to escalate. It became increasingly intense with a lot of bad words. You know: the F-bomb, the really bad N-word, and so on being tossed back and forth among all the parties involved.
At the time, it was okay for white men to belittle black men with the N-word and other racial remarks, but it was not acceptable for a black man to do the same to a white person. Doing so would get one in big trouble. It all ended with Robinson being escorted by two MP's back to police headquarters at the base. While inside the guard building, Robinson continued to be belittled with racially unfriendly remarks.
He was given a hearing before assistant Provost Marshall Captain Gerald M. Bear. And Bear truly was a bear. Robinso received a totally unbalanced hearing.
Each person involved was asked to tell their story to Captain Bear and Robinson kept interrupting by pointing out the inaccuracies in their stories. Thirteen depositions were taken, but to no one's surprise, no one ever asked Mrs. Jones for her version of the events. At one point, the stenographer interrupted the proceeding and stated, "Don't you know that you have no right sitting up there in the white part of the bus?"
Base officials wanted to court-martial Robinson, but his commanding officer, Colonel R.L. Bates, refused. The bigwigs got around this objection by transferring Robinson to another battalion and having his new commander sign the court-martial papers.
What were the charges?
Conduct unbecoming of an officer
Insulting a civilian woman
Refusing to obey the lawful laws of a superior officer.
Robinson realized that he was in big, big trouble, so he appealed to the NAACP, but they had their hands full. They were swamped with requests from black soldiers across the country who had been being unfairly convicted during the war, so they didn't have the resources to help defend Robinson. They did offer him some legal advice, but that's all they could offer.
Word quickly spread around the base that Jackie Robinson had been court-martialed. Keep in mind that it's one thing to court-martial a black person in the South at this time, but it was another thing to do so to a well-respected sports celebrity like Jackie Robinson.
The military realized that they had a big hot potato on their hands, and they had to do something about it. They needed to quickly bury this somehow before the case reached trial. Magically, all of the charges related to the bus incident were dropped.
Robinson was now only charged with the two lesser accusations of insubordination related to the events at the guardhouse. This may have seemed like an advantage, but it turned out not to be because there would be no mention of the events that led up these charges at trial. Robinson was no longer on trial for refusing to move to the back of the bus. He was now on trial for what happened at the guardhouse.
And this is where having a very good lawyer comes in handy.
Robinson secured the services of Captain William A. Cline, who did a great job at pointing out the many inconsistencies that were made by each witness as they took the stand to offer up their testimonial.
While Cline was not allowed to bring up anything related to the bus incident during the trial, he skillfully manipulated and managed to introduce enough evidence to show that Robinson had been repeatedly subjected to racial hostility by nearly all those people involved.
After all the testimony was heard, Robinson was acquitted of all the charges. He was finally in the clear.
Jackie Robinson now wanted out of the military. He knew that there was no career there for him.
He told them that he was no longer willing to sign away his rights of compensation for any injuries that he may receive while in the military. Basically, he used his limited-service classification from his bad ankle as a means of receiving an early discharge, which took effect in November 1944. Robinson was officially done with his military career.
I'll bring this story to a close without telling you about the remainder of his life. There is certainly a lot to tell, which includes his historic baseball career, but all of that is very well documented.
I can't help but wonder what would have become of Jackie Robinson if he had been found guilty and dishonorably discharged. Most likely, his life would have taken a very, very different path.
Useless? Useful? I'll leave that for you to decide.
Antarctica's Red Light District – Podcast #12
Posted in: Animals & Pets, Bizarre & Oddities, Podcast
Yes, it appears that scientists may have finally found what appears to be Earth's southernmost red-light district. This is a story about penguins and what they do in their spare time. This time, however, it is the betrayed husband who is left home crying.
The Trick-or-Treat Dentist – Podcast #98
Posted in: Crime & Punishment, Holidays & Celebrations, Law & Order, Podcast
Back in 1959 dentist William V. Shyne was charged with giving laxative pills to trick-or-treaters. Find out what happened next...
PrevPrevious StoryThe US Army Bicycle Corps – Podcast #20
NextThe Fake Epidemic – Podcast #22Next


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package org.oscm.ui.resources;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Locale;

public class DbMessages_ja extends DbMessages {

    public DbMessages_ja() throws IOException {
        super(Locale.JAPANESE);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Kantar Health is a leading global healthcare consulting firm and trusted advisor to many of the world's leading pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device and diagnostic companies. It combines evidence-based market research capabilities with deep scientific, therapeutic and clinical knowledge, commercial development know-how and brand and marketing expertise to help clients evaluate opportunities, launch products and maintain brand and market leadership. Our advisory services span three areas critical to bringing new medicines and pharmaceutical products to market - commercial development, clinical strategies and marketing effectiveness.


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'Daredevil' Season 3 is the Best Marvel Series on Netflix Right Now (RIP Iron Fist, Luke Cage)
The new season was released on October 19.
By Hugo Zacarias Yonzon IV | Oct 20, 2018
First, let's have a moment of silence for Iron Fist. Despite the second season being arguably better than most of Marvel Netflix's current slate, it simply may not have been enough to recover from the damage done by an abysmal first season, and has consequently been canceled by the streaming giant. It's a shame because Iron Fist had finally turned into something potentially wonderful, hopefully Colleen and Danny find their way into cameos in other Marvel Netflix shows. That being said, it's time to take a look at a real gem of a series: The third season of Daredevil is, almost without question, the best Marvel Netflix show yet.
Netflix has announced that Luke Cage has also been canceled, a week after announcing the demise of Iron Fist. It's a shame, but ultimately, the Marvel Netflix universe starts and ends with Daredevil. Given how absolutely stellar the newest season is, the loss of both Iron Fist and Luke Cage—for better or worse—may not even be felt.
The pilot takes place immediately after the events of The Defenders, where Daredevil appeared to have been crushed by a collapsing building. The pilot resolves that rather quickly in the opening moments and a nearly dead Matt Murdock (Charlie Cox) is serendipitously delivered to the orphanage where he was once raised. The Catholic Murdock has deus ex machina on his side, as always.
Loosely based on the Daredevil Born Again comic storyline written by Frank Miller, season 3 sees the return of the Kingpin, played to terrifying perfection by Vincent D'Onofrio. The Kingpin is an unparalleled villain, more menacing than perhaps any live action Marvel villain in history including even Thanos from Avengers Infinity War. While Jessica Jones' Kilgrave (David Tennant) was also a frightening adversary, his scope was far too small and his terror more intimate. The Kingpin is on a whole other level of sinister, and he brings all his cunning and resources to bear as he sets about destroying Matt Murdock completely.
By Matt Murdock, we mean Matt Murdock and not just Daredevil. Comic readers familiar with Born Again know the pivotal plot point where The Kingpin discovers who Daredevil is. It happens quite differently on the show, but the end result is the same. The Kingpin goes after Daredevil with everything he's got, and the results are devastating. The show manages to demonstrate Kingpin's absolute mastery of the long game, thinking so far ahead of everyone else that he has managed to game the legal system and essentially manage to have an entire government agency to do his bidding.
There aren't enough praises for D'Onofrio and how he has given life to Daredevil's greatest foe.
Vincent D'Onofrio oozes evil as the Kingpin, in a show-defining performance. IMAGE: courtesy of Netflix
There aren't enough praises for D'Onofrio and how he has given life to Daredevil's greatest foe. Credit must also be given to showrunner Drew Goddard, who has managed to weave an incredible tale of revenge, loss of faith, and redemption.
In the meantime, the quality of Marvel Netflix shows have always been corollary to the strength of its villains, and there simply isn't a villain more compelling than The Kingpin. The menacing mob boss may be the dark and powerful center of this season, but Goddard also manages to seamlessly introduce a fan favorite villain many expected to appear in Season 2. The way Goddard has intertwined Kingpin with Bullseye's (Wilson Bethel) origin is incredibly clever and only serves to bolster how terrifying both men are.
Enough about the villains. Charlie Cox as a disillusioned Matt Murdock who openly mocks God is equally delightful. Having lost faith after the events of The Defenders, specially after losing the great love of his life Elektra (Élodie Yung) yet again, Matt Murdock has decided to abandon any semblance of normal life and fully embrace his identity as the devil of Hell's Kitchen. The process of healing takes months, as his friends Karen Page (Deborah Ann Woll) and Franklin "Foggy" Nelson (Elden Henson) try to pick up the pieces in the aftermath.
Comic readers familiar with the Born Again know the pivotal plot point where The Kingpin discovers who Daredevil is.
After the events of 'The Defenders,' Matt Murdock (Charlie Cox) and his friends Karen Page and Franklin "Foggy" Nelson (Elden Henson) try to pick up the pieces in the months after. IMAGE: Netflix
Season 3 paints Daredevil at his worst and the Kingpin at his best, on different levels. Matt Murdock with his faith replaced by cynicism and bitterness makes for a meaningless Daredevil, and Kingpin with a purpose and all the resources at his disposal all the while feigning incarceration is the best kind of Kingpin. The tables have turned, and it's a gripping story that viewers will want to see through the end, despite how uncomfortable it becomes in parts.
There are virtually no clunkers here, and some of the best parts of season 3 are the supporting characters. In particular, the stern, straight-talking Sister Maggie (Joanne Whalley) stands out with her snappy comebacks and potshots as she nurtures and rehabilitates an unrepentant Matt very much like, well, a mother. The series also introduces an audience surrogate who's clueless about everything but has the best intentions, Rahul Nadeem (Jay Ali) is an honest FBI agent trying to make ends meet and caught in the middle of Kingpin and Daredevil's all-out war.
Matt Murdock is a true underdog this round, and all his hubris at the end of season 1—where he threatened a freshly sentenced Kingpin—has come back to bite his blind boxing ass. He's also badly outclassed during his first encounter with a disguised Bullseye.
Daredevil season 3 ratchets up the stakes higher than ever, as the good guys are completely exposed and the villains have the upper hand almost the entire time. One chilling scene has the typically intrepid reporter Karen Page experience true terror as her attempt to threaten an associate of the Kingpin backfires, showing just how much danger our heroes and their families are. It's a sad and sobering reminder of just how dangerous it can be for the honest and principled in a world run by the unscrupulous and corrupt.
Season 3 promises to raise the bar for all Marvel Netflix shows to follow. From the personal, visceral training scenes where Matt tries to regain full control of his skills and abilities to the deeply masterful mind games of The Kingpin versus everyone else, from the heroes' struggle to do the right thing in the face of danger to the unhinging psyche of Bullseye, the latest chapter in the Man Without Fear's saga is the most compelling yet.
Update, 20 October 2018: This article has been updated to reflect recent announcements from Netflix.
Hugo Zacarias Yonzon IV
Zach Yonzon is a cake artist and co-owner of Bunny Baker
View Other Articles From Kensei
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Love is our true essence.
You can only feel love by expressing it.
The more you give, the more your heart is filled. Love is a never ending stream.
Real love is the complete absence of any negative feelings towards anyone.


The chemical community is comprised of owners and operators; Federal, State, local, tribal, and territorial governments; regional entities; nonprofit organizations; and communities. Communicating and coordinating across this diverse landscape requires an integrated effort to ensure activities are executed effectively and efficiently. Federal agencies will include the key tenets of EO 12898 - Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income Populations in subsequent Working Group activities.


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On Eagles' Wings 20 January 2023
In Exodus 19:4 God says that he bore his people on eagles' wings. What does that mean? It's a picture he returns to in Deuteronomy 32:11, where he says he dealt with Israel Like an eagle that stirs up its nest, that flutters over its young, spreading out its wings, catching them, bearing them on […]
A Pastoral Mistake 19 January 2023
I often make the same pastoral mistake. It is not deliberate, it is often well-intentioned, sometimes it is even hopeful. It is this: to presume upon the biblical knowledge of the people to whom I speak. I do not at all mean by this to deliver a backhanded insult, appearing to confess a shortcoming of […]
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Today's Valley of Vision Devotional
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El río Elbuzd  es un río del krai de Krasnodar y del óblast de Rostov, en el sur de Rusia, afluente por la izquierda del Kagalnik, que vierte sus aguas en el mar de Azov. Discurre por el territorio del raión de Kushchóvskaya del krai y por los raiones de Yegorlykskaya, Zernograd y Azov del óblast. Su nombre deriva del de un príncipe circasiano.

Tiene 55 km de longitud. Nace en las tierras bajas de Kubán-Priazov, en la localidad de Obiedienni y discurre en su primer tramo en dirección oeste, dejando en su curso Vishniovka, Svetloréchnoye, Novoaleksándrovski, Boldinovka (donde recibe por la derecha un pequeño arroyo en el que se halla Vodiani), Guliái-Borísovka, Irínovka, Bolshiye Elbúzdovskiye, Glebovka, Osenni, Nizhneglebovka, Ilínskoye, Poltavski (donde recibe un afluente por la izquierda y gira hacia el norte), Alekséyevskoye (donde recibe por la derecha las aguas del Rososh), pasa por Elbuzd, Kayalski y Novotroitskoye, uniéndose al Kagalnik antes de que este llegue a Samárskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es una traducción parcial de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Эльбузд (река)
V. N. Koveshnikov. Ocherki po toponimike Kubani''

Ríos del krai de Krasnodar
Ríos del óblast de Rostov
Ríos de la cuenca del Kagalnik


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UPDATE: Ottawa Police Checkpoints Allowing Pedestrians & "Exemptions"
By Gord Parks / February 18, 2022 February 18, 2022
Intel reports tell us police are allowing pedestrians into downtown Ottawa's secured area and allowing vehicles for those who live (inc. hotel), work or are moving through the area for reasons other than to participate in the protest. Police presence increasing, as 50+ police transports, SUVs, command trucks, unmarked vehicles, etc. have been dispatched. Some arrests have been made (details unknown).
The Hon. Brian Peckford, Charter of Rights co-author, says denied people should say, "You're violating my Charter Rights of freedom of assembly…of association. And you haven't proven to me it's necessary to stop me from going in here." He adds, "You have to prove that to me in a court of law."
People are still encouraged to come and bring a bouncy castle.
Across from Fairfield Marriott at the Ernst and Young Centre right now.
Sep 3 2021 October 19, 2021
Worldwide Walkout Against Mandatory Vaccines – Toronto, Canada
By Gord Parks / September 3, 2021 October 19, 2021
Sep 10 2021 October 19, 2021
National Health Freedom Movement Protest Announced – Monday, Sept. 13
By Gord Parks / September 10, 2021 October 19, 2021
8 thoughts on "UPDATE: Ottawa Police Checkpoints Allowing Pedestrians & "Exemptions""
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Please stop posting this here. Thanks.
These idiots are government agents spamming comments, that's the only explanation because these spammers only seem to appear in non mainstream media comment sites, that alone seems suspicious.
Hey CISIS or RCMP agent, you are now trying that spam crap in this site.
Trudeau and Freeland are no longer legitimate in any capacity when they rule over Canadians Charter Rights.
I am wondering when a group of Constitutional lawyers demand they be arrested ?
Head down to Parliament and do us all a favor.
These two tyrants are the two most despised people in all of Canada.
Max, our government is not our government anymore, they have been taken over by the WEF. Trudeau and Freeland answer straight to Klaus Schwab in Davos. On top of that Freeland and former governor of the Bank of Canada Mark Carney, both sit on the board WEF. There was a time when Canada hung traitors and Trudeau and Freeland fully qualified as traitors of Canada.
Nicholas Wind
The GLOBALIST own the EVIL BARR system run by the BLACK ROBBED FACSISTS.
We cannot get in to the court system to fight on purpose.
One of the steps to FULL CONTROL of us.
That's so true, everything here is corrupt, the courts, the media, I'm done with Canada, this year I'm going to try to get out of here. I will take my chances in the third world rather that this cold technocratic WEF dictatorship formally known as Canada. Our Charter of Rights was worthless when it was allowed in it's formation to have the emergency acts clause, the only hypothetical solution is new constitution, with no clauses like that. Are Canadians up for that, also Canada should have ditched the monarchy and became a constitutional republic, I'm a citizen not a subject to an ossified foreign monarchy.


The United States Chess Federation - Shabalov and Lenderman Lead in Uruguay!
Home Page Chess Life Online 2015 May Shabalov and Lenderman Lead in Uruguay!
The American Continental Championship is being held in Montevideo, Uruguay, May 15 - 24. Among the field of 153 players from 13 countries, there are 23 Grandmasters, four of them from the USA, and 16 International Masters. Players are competing for a share of the $20,000 prize fund, with $5,000 going to the winner. For the players who are below the GM level, there are plenty of opportunities for norms, but for the top players, the bigger prizes are the four spots to the FIDE World Cup!
So far, our players are performing exceptionally well. After seven of the 11 rounds, the two leaders are GM Alexander Shabalov and GM Aleksandr Lenderman, with 6.0 points!
Just half-a-point behind, tied for third place in a group of seven players is another Alex - Yermolinsky!
And just half-a-point behind that group is GM Gregory Kaidanov with 5.0 points!
Other USA players competing in the event are FM Greg Markzon and NM Mariano Acosta. Markzon is having a great tournament as well (4.5 points) and his performance after seven rounds has netted him 28.6 rating points.
The 7th Round was a particularly good one for the Americans as all six of them earned victories! Lenderman, FIDE rated 2636, who earned the 2nd Board Gold Medal at the recently concluded World Team Championship, continues his outstanding play and defeated GM Jorge Cori (2609) from Peru. Shabalov (2523) earned a victory with the Black pieces against Cuba's GM Carlos Hevia (2535). Yermolinsky (2531) beat the top seed of the event, GM Julio Granda (2650) of Peru while Kaidanov won against IM Cristhian Barros of Ecuador. Markzon (2156) had a victory against the higher rated IM Facundo Pierrot (2377) from Argentina and Mariano beat Luis Pena of Uruguay.
The two leaders will not be playing each other in Round 8 as they met, and drew, in Round 3. Instead, Lenderman will face GM Eric Hansen of Canada in Round 8 while Shabalov will face the player who Lenderman conquered in Round 7, GM Jorge Cori.
Follow the exciting action as our players continue their quest for prizes and spots at the World Cup. The games of the leaders are being shown at http://www.chessbomb.com/arena/2015-am-co. For all results, please go to http://chess-results.com/tnr169788.aspx?lan=1. Also, follow the daily updates from the Albert Silver in http://en.chessbase.com/ Albert very graciously agreed to let me use his photos in this article.


Typically administered as a facial peel, a chemical peel enhances and smoothes the texture of the skin. It is an effective treatment for facial blemishes, wrinkles, acne scars and uneven skin pigmentation. They exfoliate the outer layers of dead skin, revealing a new skin layer with improved tone, texture, and color. In addition to full facial rejuvenation, certain types of skin peels can also be used for spot treatments and as a way to remove stretch marks or rejuvenate skin elsewhere on the body.
The SilkPeel Dermalinfusion skin care procedure is design to improve the appearance of skin with just one or a series of treatments. The procedure takes about 30 minutes, does not cause pain, and does not require any downtime. The SilkPeel treatment involves the removal of outer layers of skin through exfoliation techniques and employs use of various treatment serums specially formulated to treat specific skin conditions.
This revolutionary non-ablative, non-abrasive procedure uses patented micro Light Heat Energy that will not harm or scar the skin. The Radiancy FSD plus emits gentle pulses of light and heat energy to stimulate collagen production, reduce pores, improve facial tone & elasticity, reduce the signs of aging such as wrinkles, smoothens and even out skin tone for healthier, younger looking skin. Unlike some other forms of Facial Rejuvenation, you will experience no discomfort during the treatments, there is little to no downtime, and treatments are more affordable.
The O2 Spa uses tiny, "nanosome" structures to deliver pure oxygen and other active ingredients into your skin. The O2 Spa system is also designed to facilitate postoperative recovery. In other words, it helps you heal faster, with less scarring, after undergoing surgical procedures!
A purifying mask for face and neck. The application of a purifying cream. A fresh aromatic awakening. The expert purifying and balancing treatment of skin suffering from acne, whatever your age. Contributes to regulating sebum secretions, purify and clarify the complexion.


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gang-related crime
2 admit to charges tied to robbery death of San Jacinto man in Nuevo
By City News Service
9 defendants added to San Fernando Valley gang indictment that includes 11 murders
14-year-old who was killed in San Bernardino was victim of gang slaying, police say
By Brian Rokos
July 17, 2021 at 12:27 p.m.
Drive-by shooting on busy night at The Pike Outlets in downtown Long Beach injures 3
By Eric Licas
June 26, 2021 at 10:02 p.m.
Suspects identified in racially motivated 2015 killing of Black man in Banning
May 3, 2021 at 9:48 p.m.
Stolen Fontana police car found in Jurupa Valley, suspect arrested following day in Bloomington
By Quinn Wilson
Upland man arrested after armed group is pursued from Eastvale to Ontario
March 7, 2021 at 7:57 p.m.
Father, son arrested in shooting death at Ontario bar
16-year-old arrested in connection with January 2020 slaying in Home Gardens
February 22, 2021 at 6:28 p.m.
10 suspects arrested in series of carjackings, shootings in Riverside County


'Twas a fateful day twenty-nine years ago today. It was written in my destiny – perhaps in heaven too? That evening I was to entertain a young man, barely an adult, only to end up discretely disagreeing!
I didn't know a false gospel had lured me to the Devil's Door. It wasn't a normal door but a trapdoor and about to be sprung with me standing on it! In abject terror I groaned "My number's up!" because I'd unexpectedly and suddenly come to the end of my life!
What's more, I was absolutely terrified to realise hell's now below me and I'd be heading down there – even though I didn't believe in it! I was wrong – so badly wrong!!
Being anti-Christian had been a serious mistake – but it was now far too late! Yet I'm now able to tell this true story purely for the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ.
How did I get there you may ask. And, how on earth did I get out of it?
SEARCHING FOR 'TRUTH' BUT HEADING FOR HELL!
Since my teens I'd wholeheartedly embraced esoteric spiritual doctrines and practices such as the Eastern and Theosophical belief of reincarnation and ascended masters, as well as those of Western occultism plus concepts generally known as deism. I thought all religions are equal and so there's many paths to a supreme being – but which is not the same as the anthropomorphic deity of the Abrahamic religions. That is, it would be different to and far superior to human beings: a 'cosmic mind' with which we can come into attunement, or at-one-ment, and attain 'cosmic consciousness', as experienced by many and practised in groups in which I'd actively participated.
For example, I appreciated mystical Islam of Sufism as well as having read its Book. It was only after becoming a born-again Christian that I studied its early history and came to understand its fundamental, doctrinal differences with Judaism and Christianity.
Two decades of an occultic practicum gave me a deep disdain for Christian clergy and laity. They were so archaic and behind the times! In my intellectual and spiritual pride I thought their preaching couldn't compare with the profound philosophy within 'New Age' movements. Such shameful arrogance!
Sometime that Summer, Peter knocked at the door of No 1 W…Drive in Pangbourne with an invitation to hear the world-renowned evangelist Billy Graham at Earls Court in London. We could be taken in a coach trip from outside our house west of Reading. How much? Nada, entirely free!
I rejected the offer outright but my almost-teenage son piped up he'd like to go because a classmate had told him about it. So I said I'd take him.
My journey into spiritual captivity had made me very wary of churchgoers. Never did I suspect my own well-being hung on the moment of that request.
As a follow-up, those who'd been on that trip were invited to an informal meeting at the nearby 'free' church in Tilehurst. The leader explained similar chats could be held at our own homes, should we so wish. I agreed to be on-hand for my son, but I was definitely NOT interested. Youth worker Peter was assigned to help him but, in practice, he ended up talking with me!
This evening would be his third visit to present follow-up material to the Life campaign. I haven't divulged any of my firmly held opinions – but this time he goes too far, much too far!
This session is entitled, 'Yoga, Eastern Religions and The Occult' – all of which I'd been deeply involved in for as long as he'd been alive!
He shows a diagram of two cliff-like objects facing one another. One represents heaven and the other, earth, with a large, deep gap separating them from one another. Over this Peter places an overlay of a very large plus sign over the gap, thus enabling the ends of its horizontal arms to touch each 'cliff'. He explains that the cross of Christ is the bridge between both realms – the bridge between earth and heaven.
Peter then says the only way to God is through Jesus Christ. This statement means my ideas are incorrect. Without giving the game away I gently question him on this. But he insists not many paths lead to the same God – there's only one way to the true, almighty God and it's through his Son Jesus Christ.
What's to be done with this man half my age, uncannily sharing the same birthday, who unwittingly points out the error of my ways?
Peter's ideas are not only mistaken but also grossly intolerant. Well before the end of the evening I've had enough!
So I bring our discussion to an early close, politely show him the door and bid farewell in shut the door to any future meetings about "The Good News". Peter is, as ever, most gracious about it. He politely gives a gentle smile and goes his way.
Little did I know I may not live through this night!
The second visitor brought the far more challenging matter of life or death – MINE! And it would be in a different place!
That true account of that encounter, however, must await the morning – when else?….
This entry was posted in Christianity, Jesus, Personal and tagged Testimonies by Richard Barker. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Biografia
Nato a Santa Severina il 17 agosto 1853 da una famiglia di proprietari terrieri, molto giovane si dedicò all'approfondimento delle Sacre Scritture, grazie ai due fratelli del padre, don Michele e don Francesco d'Alfonso, entrambi canonici del Capitolo metropolitano della Cattedrale; questi studi, parte dei quali furono pubblicati con il titolo Le donne dei Vangeli (Firenze, Successori Le Monnier, 1881), manifestano un approccio positivista sull'analisi del testo biblico.

Terminati gli studi nel suo paese natale si trasferì a Catanzaro, dove fu allievo del letterato e patriota rocchitano Vincenzo Gallo-Arcuri; frequentò poi il Liceo Ginnasio "Pasquale Galluppi", conseguendo la licenza ginnasiale. Ottenne in seguito la licenza liceale con lode al Liceo classico del Convitto nazionale "Vittorio Emanuele II" di Napoli, che gli fece valere, su concessione del Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, la possibilità di iscriversi contemporaneamente alle facoltà di Medicina e di Lettere e Filosofia presso la Regia Università di Napoli. Alla facoltà di Filosofia, dove, allievo di Francesco De Sanctis, Augusto Vera e Bertrando Spaventa, ottenne vari riconoscimenti.

Nel 1879 conseguì entrambe le lauree in Medicina e Chirurgia e Filosofia, a soli tre mesi di distanza l'una dall'altra. Nel 1881 l'Accademia dei Lincei gli assegnò il Premio Reale per le Scienze filosofiche e morali, consistente in 4.000 lire, per lo studio dal titolo Kant. I suoi antecessori e i suoi successori.

Su espressa volontà del padre fece ritorno a Santa Severina, dove esercitò la professione di medico condotto; ma la passione per la filosofia e l'insegnamento prevalse e partecipò ai concorsi a cattedra per i licei, iniziando a insegnare Filosofia in Sicilia (Caltanissetta, Messina e Catania). Da questa esperienza di insegnamento cominciarono ad evidenziarsi sempre di più le sue qualità didattiche, tant'è che il ministro della Pubblica Istruzione Paolo Boselli lo convocò a Roma per affidargli la cattedra di Filosofia nei licei della Capitale: prima al Liceo Ginnasio "Umberto I" (dove insegnò dal 1889 al 1909) e poi al Liceo "Ennio Quirino Visconti". Nello stesso periodo cominciò a collaborare con le più importanti riviste letterarie, tra cui il Nuovo Convito, la Rivista d'Italia, la Rivista moderna politica e letteraria, la Rivista italiana di filosofia, la Nuova Antologia, L'Educazione, la Rivista italiana di Sociologia, la Rivista di filosofia e scienze affini e con diversi quotidiani, tra cui L'Osservatore Romano.

Nel 1890 fu chiamato dal ministro della Pubblica Istruzione Paolo Boselli ad insegnare Pedagogia e Filosofia all'Istituto Superiore Femminile di Magistero, dove, in seguito a concorso, divenne professore ordinario dal 1903 al 1923. Ebbe come colleghi Luigi Pirandello, Maria Montessori e Luigi Capuana. Durante i trantaquattro anni di insegnamento al Magistero, fu relatore di oltre trecento tesi. Per il Dizionario illustrato di Pedagogia, curato da Luigi Credaro e Antonio Martinazzoli, redasse la voce Istituti Superiori femminili di Magistero. Dal 1896 fu anche libero docente di Filosofia teoretica alla Regia Università di Roma, dove insegnò ininterrottamente fino al 1933, anno della sua morte.

All'insegnamento affiancò sempre una prolifica attività di scrittore, pubblicando complessivamente sessantatré opere, recensite in Italia e all'estero, che spaziano dai temi dell'educazione e della morale all'economia politica, dagli studi sull'ambiente e sulle foreste all'analisi criminologica dei personaggi shakespeariani. Il suo Sommario delle lezioni di pedagogia generale (Loescher, 1912) fu giudicato dalla Reale Accademia dei Lincei «frutto d'amorosa meditazione e di mente abituata alla ricerca e alla costruzione filosofica, che esce dai confini degli ordinari trattati di pedagogia per elevarsi ad una sintesi mentale superiore».

Nel 1911 tenne la prolusione all'Universal Congress of Races di Londra, che fu poi pubblicata col titolo Speculative psichology and the unity of races (E. Loescher & Co, 1911), mentre nel 1913 fu membro del VI Congrès international du progrès religieux a Parigi. Fu consulente medico della Real Casa d'Italia durante il regno di Umberto I e del Palazzo Apostolico Vaticano sotto il pontificato di Benedetto XV.

Nicolò d'Alfonso mai volle aderire ad alcuna corrente filosofica e politica, e fu fortemente avversato dal ministro della Pubblica Istruzione Giovanni Gentile,che decise di mandarlo anzitempo in pensione con un provvedimento ad personam: si trattava del Regio Decreto n. 736 del 13 marzo 1923, all'interno della Riforma Gentile, che anticipava, per i soli professori del Magistero, il collocamento a riposo al compimento del settantesimo anno anziché al settantacinquesimo, come per gli altri docenti universitari. Il suo posto fu immediatamente occupato da Giuseppe Lombardo Radice, amico e allievo prediletto di Gentile. Anche Benedetto Croce intervenne nella vicenda in favore di d'Alfonso, chiedendo a Gentile una deroga a tale decreto, ottenendo però risposta negativa.

Nicolò d'Alfonso morì a Roma il 29 novembre 1933. La salma fu portata sulla carrozza della Real Casa e seppellita nel Cimitero monumentale del Verano.

Il paese natale, Santa Severina, gli ha intitolato una via del centro storico e la Scuola elementare.

Opere principali
 Le donne dei Vangeli, Firenze, Successori Le Monnier, 1881
 Sonno e sogni, Milano-Roma, E. Trevisini, 1891
 Principii di logica reale, Roma, G. B., Paravia & C., 1894
 Il re Lear, Roma, Società editrice Dante, Alighieri, 1900
 La dottrina dei temperamenti nell'antichità e ai nostri giorni, Roma, Società editrice Dante, Alighieri, 1902
 Lezioni elementari di psicologia normale, Torino, Fratelli Bocca editori, 1904
 Pregiudizi sull'eredità psicologica (genio,delinquenza, follia), Roma, Società editrice Dante Alighieri, 1904
 I limiti dell'esperimento in psicologia, Roma, Casa editrice E. Loescher, 1904
 Sommario delle lezioni di filosofia generale (la filosofia come economia), Roma, Casa editrice E. Loescher, 1905
 Lo spiritismo secondo Shakespeare, E. Loescher & C., 1905
 Sommario delle lezioni di Psicologia criminale. Critica delle dottrine criminali positiviste, Roma, Casa editrice E. Loescher, 1907
 Il Cattolicismo e la filosofia, Roma, Casa editrice E. Loescher, 1908
 Otello delinquente, Casa libraria editrice E. Loescher e C. 1910
 Speculative psychology and the unity of races, a paper read at the Ist Universal Congress of Races, held in London (26-29 July 1911), Roma, Casa editrice E. Loescher, 1911
 Sommario delle lezioni di pedagogia generale (L'educazione come economia), Roma, Casa editrice E. Loescher, 1912
 Note psicologiche, estetiche e criminali ai drammi di G. Shakespeare (Macbeth, Amleto, Re Lear, Otello), Milano, Società Editrice Libraria, 1914
 Principi naturali di Economia Politica, Roma, Athenaeum, 1923
 Gli alberi e la Calabria dall'antichità a noi, Roma, Angelo Signorelli editore, 1926
 La disoccupazione: cause e rimedi, Torino, Fratelli Bocca editori, 1932

Note

Bibliografia
 Francesco d'Alfonso, L'onesto solitario. Vita e opere del filosofo Nicolò d'Alfonso, Reggio Calabria, Città del Sole edizioni, 2015
 Francesco d'Alfonso, Nicolò d'Alfonso. Ritratto di un intellettuale indipendente, Bisignano, Apollo Edizioni, 2013
 Francesco d'Alfonso (a cura di), Amleto e Ofelia. La critica shakespeariana negli scritti di Nicolò d'Alfonso, Reggio Calabria, Città del Sole edizioni, 2016
 Furio Pesci, Pedagogia capitolina. L'insegnamento della pedagogia nel Magistero di Roma dal 1872 al 1955, Parma, Ricerche pedagogiche, 1994
 Attilio Gallo Cristiani, In memoria del filosofo Nicolò d'Alfonso, Roma, A. Signorelli editore, 1994
 Mariantonella Portale, Giovanni Marchesini e la «Rivista di filosofia e scienze affini», Franco Angeli 2010
 Daniele Macris, Nicolò d'Alfonso: uno studio introduttivo, in Quaderni Siberenensi, Catanzaro, Ursini, 2001
 Francesco De Luca, Santa Severina. L'antica Siberene, Pubblisfera edizioni, 2008
 Antonio Testa, La critica letteraria calabrese nel novecento, L. Pellegrini editore, 1968
 Silvio Bernardo, Santa Severina dai tempi più remoti ai nostri giorni, Istituto editoriale del Mezzogiorno, 1960

Voci correlate
 Santa Severina
 Università La Sapienza di Roma
 Accademia dei Lincei
 Liceo classico Pilo Albertelli

Insegnanti italiani del XIX secolo
Insegnanti italiani del XX secolo
Scrittori italiani del XIX secolo
Scrittori italiani del XX secolo
Studenti dell'Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Professori della Sapienza - Università di Roma
Positivismo
Sepolti nel cimitero del Verano


On Sunday the Coast Guard found a paddleboarder who had been stranded overnight on the Marin Islands off San Rafael. Jane Butler was reported missing by her son after she failed to return from an evening paddle.
"Coast Guard and local agency crews searched extensively throughout the night and early morning," a USCG press release said. "Coast Guard assets covered 177 cumulative track-miles."
Early Sunday morning, 60-year old Butler was found paddling back toward San Rafael. She said she spent the night on the "largest of the Marin Islands," which are about a mile from the entrance of San Rafael Creek.
A paddleboarder spent the night on East Marin Island, on the far right, after being stranded by the tide on Saturday night.
Butler told the Coast Guard that she'd been stranded by the tide and was unaware that the Coast Guard was looking for her. "The Mission City patrol boat crew said they checked for her with their thermal imager, but she did not give off a heat signature," the press release said. "The officers said her heat signature was likely masked because she was wet and wearing a wet-suit top."
While undoubtedly cold and tired, Butler was uninjured.
"The Coast Guard wants to emphasize the importance of checking the tides and weather before going out on the Bay due to the dynamic nature of the elements," said Captain Tony Ceraolo, the commander of Sector San Francisco.


For those of you who have been following us closely over the past 2 years, you will know that it has been a crazy ride. As Matt (our vineyard manager) said a little while ago, other than the vines themselves, there is nothing we haven't changed. New labels, new wines and a cellar door which opened for the first time last November are just a few of the things which have been taking up our time.
Add to that cuttings of three new varieties waiting in our nursery, (more of them in future newsletters,) being named Tasmanian Winery of the Year in the Melbourne International Wine Competition and an ostrich (? yep, I said an ostrich…read on,) then all in all it has been an exciting time.
Almost more exciting is the change in perception of this beautiful island which is our home. No longer are we the poor cousins shivering on our cold rock somewhere near Antarctica; no longer do we have to wear high collars to hide the scar and no longer do we have to walk across the tarmac at Melbourne to get a plane home. Instead there is a newfound appreciation of where we live and the things we get to eat and drink every day and everyone seems to want to come and share it with us. And everyone is welcome.
Lastly, thank you to all of you who have supported us. Whether you tasted our wines in Perth, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, at Taste of Tasmania or in our very humble cellar door, we love having you with us and look forward to sharing the journey to come.
Another brand new idea is our Lucky 8 Wine Club. As the number 8 is considered very lucky in China (and of course we think everyone in the Nocton family is very lucky,) naturally we called our wine club the Lucky 8.
We don't insist that you must buy wine from us to remain a member but we are confident that you will want to. To join simply fill in your email on the front page of the web site or give us a call.


Francesca di Paoli, a gifted yet penniless chef, arrives in Jackson Hole in 1925. Rescued by William Sutton, the "steady" son of a dude ranching family, she begins to feel safe, until the historic Gros Ventre landslide buries her and William alive. Though they survive, the uncertainty in the valley, as a new lake forms perilously behind the slide debris, parallels the uncertainty of Francesca's fate. William saves her again, finding her work in the Suttons' ranch cookshack. There she meets William's brother, Bryce, a charming wanderer. William and Bryce, already rivals for their parents' approval, begin to vie for Francesca's attention. Over the next two years, valley ranchers clash over a Park Service proposal to extend Yellowstone Park south to Jackson Hole. Bryce comes and goes, taking a piece of his parents' and Francesca's heart with him each time. Yet, when the Sutton's Nez Perce uncle comes to the ranch to die, it is Bryce who helps nurse the sick man. William has never accepted his Nez Perce heritage and his uncle's arrival rakes up the ire of an unsavory contingent in the valley. Men like Dieter Gross, who disdain Native Americans and foreigners like Francesca, may well resort to violence if they discover the Sutton ranch's black foreman is seeing a white woman. Meanwhile the earth has not finished trembling, nor the river rising. When the flood waters retreat, who will be left standing?
"Her grasp of Yellowstone detail is uncanny."


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git checkout hm2

REM Show current status
cls
git status
git branch -a

REM Stage added files
git add .
REM Commit all changes
git commit -a -m 'AutoSynch'

git checkout master
git pull origin master
git merge hm2
git push origin master
git push origin hm2
git checkout hm2


There are two basic strategic digital marketing models to find and keep customers known as the 4 C's and the POEM. Model your next product launch or campaign strategy with the 4 C's in mind and ensure you have the right mix of media to stand out above the rest.
Use the 4 C's model when planning your position in the market and how to effectively market your product. The 4 C's is evolved version of the traditional 4 P's Marketing Model (product, placement, price, promotion) – brings the consumer to the heart of the strategy instead of the product. The 4 C's are: Consumer (wants and needs), other Costs, Convenience and Communication.
The older 4 P's model started with the product and was based around was very business centric., but not the consumer. It's a no-brainer that marketers today should have the consumer's wants and needs – and not the product – at the core of their strategy. An example here is Uber. A whole business centered around a consumers insight into a very stagnate category.
Price is no longer the sole driver as to why a consumer will choose your product over another. You cannot win in the long term by just having the lowest price. Each company or product now has other costs to consider beyond the cost of the actual product or service. These costs include costs to obtain or switch, environmental costs, political ,social etc. For example, if you are considering purchasing a new laptop and deciding between a PC and Mac, the retail value is not the only "cost" considered. You will also likely consider the cost of learning new functionality or switching your programs over. There are countless of examples in almost every purchase a consumer makes.
Convenience to buy replaces placement or where are we going to "put" our product or offer our service. Today it's all about how easy your product or service is to access for your target audience– via the Internet, over the phone, physical stores, or a mix of the above. Make your product or service easily accessible.
Finally, communication is critical to success of your marketing strategy. Promotion (or paid media), essentially one-way communication is no longer enough to sell your product or communicate your message. Marketers must also consider the evolving needs or listen to feedback from your consumer to impact your product/service or strategy. Now you must consider paid, earned and owned media. Consumers have a lot of choices today and they will purchase products from the companies or brands that give them a positive experience.
The POEM model stands for paid, owned and earned media. As discussed above, this is now the model you should use to promote your product or service. The right mix of these media types can bring in new customers, deepen relationships with existing customers and ultimately lead to the success of your business. With this method you create content or a strategy for each different kind of media.
Paid media means just that – it's advertising where you are paying for the space for your ads. Paid media tactics include banner ads, paid search, email lists, advertorials, sponsorships, etc. Marketers are generally able to control over their message, channels, formats and who sees their ad. Paid media generally has the highest reach and reasonably easy to control.
Owned media is messaging on the channels that you own– your website, blog, mobile apps, email, social media profiles, anything that is under your brand or company's "name". You have the most control the content that appears on these channels and best used for building a stronger relationship with existing customers/leads. However, there is expense to set-up and maintain the content on that channel and the reach is typically low unless activated in conjunction with paid or earned methods.
The hardest to control, but the most trusted, is earned media. An advertiser does not have complete control across earned media – consumers and/or influencers can also control the message. Tactics include reviews and ratings, commenting on social media and forum comments – anything that is closer to "word of mouth." Earned media tends to be the most powerful – for positive or negative reasons. If someone is upset about your product or company those negative reviews and comments can be a detriment to your business. But on the flip side if the right people have a great experience with your brand and shout it from the rooftops that can be the best thing that happens to your brand. Another thing that impacts how much impact a negative or positive response can have on your business is the reach of the person or organization that is talking about you.
These two models, 4C's and Paid Owned Earned, are corner stones within digitalbrief training materials. With a great understanding of these concepts, many great digital marketing and media strategies can be developed.
What strategic models do you use? Please post any insights or links so we can all share in the knowledge.


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Q: SharePoint Online - Custom InfoPath forms and changing content types I have created a SharePoint CRM tool that uses 3 content types - these are named General, Prospect and Account.  The idea being that a new potential customer lead gets added to the database as a General record, then if it progresses to become a potential customer, we change the content type to Prospect.  If it then becomes a customer, we change it to Account.
This works when I use the default forms created by SharePoint - if I open a record, I see a Content Type drop down box at the top of the record where I can then change the record type (content type) between General, Prospect and Account as required - see highlighted bit in image below:

If I then customise the form in InfoPath, I do not get the Content Type drop down appear either within InfoPath, or the finished form.  Here is what I have customised in InfoPath and on the right, there is no option to select Content Type as a field to add to the form:

And here is the end result once published to SharePoint:

Is there any way I can include the changing of Content Type within my custom forms?
Thanks,
Neil

A: please make sure this column is selected in the content type - column order
please make sure this column is selected in the right view
make sure you select the right form to edit from page design
if it is a choice column, please make sure, you put the choices there
or you can also bind data source from any source , by just clicking the control and then control source.. these options you can check. but it seems , the first one might work,

A: InfoPath is not the best of tools to customise forms.  Rather use a client side javascript to improve the look and feel. Just add a "content editor" webpart and reference the link to the script.

A: A different approach would be to create a list that contains all the columns from your three content types.  The list would use one InfoPath list form that utilizes sections and formatting rules to hide and display fields determined by the value of a new choice field titled Customer Type with the options of General, Prospect, Account.
Steps:  1) Create a list, 2) add all the columns from all three content types, 3) create a list form, 4) organize your fields into sections based on customer type, 5) set rules to hide/show sections based on the selected value of the Customer Type field.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
How to make friends on the go with Lego
Make friends with Lego.
It's the popular Lego-inspired kit that's all about building with friends and making friends in your surroundings.
The new edition, released in February, includes Lego-themed toys and other accessories, making it a great time for Lego lovers.
But is it the right Lego for you?
Here's what you need to know about the Lego Friends Maker.
Is it the best Lego for deaf people?
It features some of the most detailed, detailed and realistic characters to be found in a Lego set.
But it's also the first Lego set for deaf players that's a bit more accessible to the deaf community.
It is also made of bricks, rather than the plastic and metal used in most other sets.
This means that deaf players will be able to assemble and play with the set much easier.
Are there rules?
There are rules, of course.
The rules for the Friends set are pretty simple.
There are four categories of toys you can choose from, and you must use them to build the characters you want.
In order to make a friend, you must follow the rules that are laid out in the rules manual.
And the rules can be broken by the Lego community for the deaf to help make their creations better.
The Lego Friends sets come with a variety of stickers, which are a little more useful for making friends.
But if you're really into making your own Friends set, you can buy stickers and make your own Lego Friends.
If you want to add your own stickers, you'll need to make your friend's LEGO set and attach them to a piece of plastic.
You can also make your friends own Lego set from the app, which can be used in any other app to make the Friends look a little different.
Where to buy the Friends Lego sets: Lego Friends is available for $9.99 in the App Store and $12.99 on Amazon.
The Friends sets are also available to purchase on eBay.
Which is the best LEGO set for the blind?
You can't go wrong with the Friends sets.
The toys come with lots of detail and the characters are all beautifully animated.
The set is also very accessible for the visually impaired.
And there are Lego characters in each of the sets, which make it a lot easier to assemble the sets and play together.
But the LEGO Friends set isn't the only one for the hearing community.
There is also a set for everyone else.
If that's not enough for you, there are also Lego sets for children.
If your family can't make it to the Lego store, you might want to consider buying the Lego version of Lego Friends, which includes a set with characters that can be interacted with by a deaf child.
Tagged friendly make sentence, lego friends maker, make deaf friends, make friends abroad, wanna make friends
When you want to make friends with people who are trans*


Announcing the 2012 Primetime Emmy Nominees!
Narrator: The cost of our actions is high. Others pay the price without having been actively involved. I have seen refugee camps as big as cities,sprawling in the desert. How many men, women and children will be left by the wayside tomorrow? Must we always build walls to break the chain of human solidarity, separate peoples and protect the happiness of some from the misery of others?
This is my first review on IMDb ever, but I thought this documentary deserved it. The cinematography of this documentary is amazing, even the images of pollution of the environment that humans have caused look remarkably appealing to the eye. But this documentary is much more than a stream of beautiful images from across the world.
The message that the documentary contains is a strong one: unlike our nations, our ecosystem doesn't have any borders. As humans organized in nation states, we spend 12 times as much on weapons to defend ourselves from each other than we spend on aid for the poorest. The effects of the exploitation of our shared ecosystem will affect us all and will hit those who already face the toughest circumstances the hardest. The problems that our world faces, cannot be solved by any country alone. Too long have we focused on what separates us as citizens of specific countries, without realizing that we are all bound together as human beings. Without a rapidly growing global awareness of the situation we are facing, we will leave a much harsher environment for our children, in which natural resources on which we all depend will become increasingly scarce.
I am a student in my twenties; the state the world is in today, is how my generation will inherit it, before we will have had the chance to have any effect on this trend. Can this really be the inheritance of a generation that dedicated itself to peace, love and happiness? Maybe. Or maybe it's not too late just yet. You might still be a skeptic about the message the documentary tries to convey after reading my comments, but I promise you this: it will be much harder to be skeptic about that message after having watched Home.
107 of 135 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you?


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We are a Member of ABTA, membership number P7319. We are obliged to maintain a high standard of service to you by ABTA's Code of Conduct. We can also offer you ABTA's scheme for the resolution of disputes which is approved by the Chartered Trading Standards Institute. If we can;t resolve your complaint, go to www.abta.com to use ABTA's simple procedure. Further information on the Code and ABTA's assistance in resolving disputes can be found on www.abta.com. You can also access the European Commission Online Dispute (ODR) Resolution platform at http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr/. This ODR platform is a means of registering your complaint with us; it will not determine how your complaint should be resolved.