text:
Combined effects of global change pressures on animal-mediated pollination
González-Varo, J. P., Biesmeijer, J. C., Potts, S. G., Schweiger, O., Smith, H. G., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Szentgyörgyi, H., Woyciechowski, M. and Vilà, M. (2013) Combined effects of global change pressures on animal-mediated pollination. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28 (9). pp. 524-530. ISSN 0169-5347
To link to this item DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.008
Pollination is an essential process in the sexual reproduction of seed plants and a key ecosystem service to human welfare. Animal pollinators decline as a consequence of five major global change pressures: climate change, landscape alteration, agricultural intensification, non-native species, and spread of pathogens. These pressures, which differ in their biotic or abiotic nature and their spatiotemporal scales, can interact in nonadditive ways (synergistically or antagonistically), but are rarely considered together in studies of pollinator and/or pollination decline. Management actions aimed at buffering the impacts of a particular pressure could thereby prove ineffective if another pressure is present. Here, we focus on empirical evidence of the combined effects of global change pressures on pollination, highlighting gaps in current knowledge and future research needs.
29 Jan 2023 05:19 Date item last modified
1 Ollerton, J. et al. (2011) How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos 120, 321–326 2 Kearns, C.A. et al. (1998) Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant–pollinator interactions. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 29, 83–112 3 Klein, A.M. et al. (2007) Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 274, 303–313 4 Biesmeijer, J.C. et al. (2006) Parallel declines in pollinators and insectpollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 313, 351–354 5 Brown, M.J.F. and Paxton, R.J. (2009) The conservation of bees: a global perspective. Apidologie 40, 410–416 6 Potts, S.G. et al. (2010) Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 345–353 7 Winfree, R. (2010) The conservation and restoration of wild bees. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1195, 169–197 8 Memmott, J. et al. (2007) Global warming and the disruption of plant– pollinator interactions. Ecol. Lett. 10, 710–717 9 Hegland, S.J. et al. (2009) How does climate warming affect plant– pollinator interactions? Ecol. Lett. 12, 184–195 10 Garibaldi, L.A. et al. (2011) Stability of pollination services decreases with isolation from natural areas despite honey bee visits. Ecol. Lett. 14, 1062–1072 11 Winfree, R. et al. (2011) Native pollinators in anthropogenic habitats. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 42, 1–22 12 Abe, T. et al. (2008) Why have endemic pollinators declined on the Ogasawara Islands? Biodivers. Conserv. 17, 1465–1473 13 Moron, D. et al. (2009) Wild pollinator communities are negatively affected by invasion of alien goldenrods in grassland landscapes. Biol. Conserv. 142, 1322–1332 14 Kremen, C. et al. (2002) Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 16812–16816 15 Tscharntke, T. et al. (2005) Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity: ecosystem service management. Ecol. Lett. 8, 857–874 16 Whitehorn, P.R. et al. (2012) Neonicotinoid pesticide reduces bumble bee colony growth and queen production. Science 336, 351–352 17 Cameron, S.A. et al. (2011) Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble bees. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 662–667 18 Bartomeus, I. et al. (2013) Historical changes in northeastern US bee pollinators related to shared ecological traits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1218503110 19 Burkle, L.A. et al. (2013) Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: loss of species, co-occurrence and function. Science http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1126/science.1232728 20 Bommarco, R. et al. (2012) Drastic historic shifts in bumble bee community composition in Sweden. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 279, 309–315 21 Garibaldi, L.A. et al. (2013) Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance. Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/ science.1230200 22 Didham, R.K. et al. (2007) Interactive effects of habitat modification and species invasion on native species decline. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22, 489–496 23 Schweiger, O. et al. (2010) Multiple stressors on biotic interactions: how climate change and alien species interact to affect pollination. Biol. Rev. 85, 777–795 24 Bata´ ry, P. et al. (2011) Landscape-moderated biodiversity effects of agri-environmental management: a meta-analysis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 278, 1894–1902 25 Rundlo¨ f, M. and Smith, H.G. (2006) The effect of organic farming on butterfly diversity depends on landscape context. J. Appl. Ecol. 43, 1121–1127 26 Pe'er, G. et al. (2011) Butterfly diversity at the ecotone between agricultural and semi-natural habitats across a climatic gradient. Divers. Distrib. 17, 1186–1197 27 Otieno, M. et al. (2011) Local management and landscape drivers of pollination and biological control services in a Kenyan agro-ecosystem. Biol. Conserv. 144, 2424–2431 28 Steffan-Dewenter, I. et al. (2001) Pollination, seed set and seed predation on a landscape scale. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 268, 1685–1690 29 Dick, C.W. et al. (2003) Pollen dispersal of tropical trees (Dinizia excelsa: Fabaceae) by native insects and African honeybees in pristine and fragmented Amazonian rainforest. Mol. Ecol. 12, 753–764 30 Aizen, M.A. et al. (2008) Invasive mutualists erode native pollination webs. PLoS Biol. 6, e31 31 Ishii, H. et al. (2008) Habitat and flower resource partitioning by an exotic and three native bumble bees in central Hokkaido, Japan. Biol. Conserv. 141, 2597–2607 32 Bartomeus, I. et al. (2010) Combined effects of Impatiens glandulifera invasion and landscape structure on native plant pollination. J. Ecol. 98, 440–450 33 Williams, N.M. et al. (2011) Bees in disturbed habitats use, but do not prefer, alien plants. Basic Appl. Ecol. 12, 332–341 34 Morales, C. and Aizen, M.A. (2002) Does invasion of exotic plants promote invasion of exotic flower visitors? A case study from the temperate forests of the southern Andes. Biol. Invas. 4, 87–100 35 Gonza´lez-Varo, J.P. et al. (2009) Effects of fragmentation on pollinator assemblage, pollen limitation and seed production of Mediterranean myrtle (Myrtus communis). Biol. Conserv. 142, 1058–1065 36 Goulson, D. (2003) Effects of introduced bees on native ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 34, 1–26 37 England, P. et al. (2001) A molecular genetic assessment of mating-system variation in a naturally bird-pollinated shrub: contributions from birds and introduced honeybees. Conserv. Biol. 15, 1645–1655 38 Valido, A. et al. (2011) Interacciones entre plantas y polinizadores en el Parque Nacional del Teide: consecuencias ecolo´gicas de la introduccio´n masiva de la abeja dome´stica (Apis mellifera, Apidae). In Proyectos de investigacion en Parques Nacionales (MMARM ed), pp. 205–231, MARM 39 Gonza´lez-Varo, J.P. et al. (2010) Linking genetic diversity, mating patterns and progeny performance in fragmented populations of a Mediterranean shrub. J. Appl. Ecol. 47, 1242–1252 40 Colla, S.R. et al. (2006) Plight of the bumble bee: pathogen spillover from commercial to wild populations. Biol. Conserv. 129, 461–467 41 Otterstatter, M.C. and Thomson, J.D. (2008) Does pathogen spillover from commercially reared bumble bees threaten wild pollinators? PLoS ONE 3, e2771 42 Evison, S.E.F. et al. (2012) Pervasiveness of parasites in pollinators. PLoS ONE 7, e30641 43 Singh, R. et al. (2010) RNA viruses in hymenopteran pollinators: evidence of inter-taxa virus transmission via pollen and potential impact on non-Apis hymenopteran species. PLoS ONE 5, e14357 44 Meeus, I. et al. (2011) Effects of invasive parasites on bumble bee declines. Conserv. Biol. 25, 662–671 45 Alaux, C. et al. (2010) Diet effects on honeybee immunocompetence. Biol. Lett. 6, 562–565 46 Naug, D. (2009) Nutritional stress due to habitat loss can explain recent honeybee colony collapses. Biol. Conserv. 142, 2369–2372 47 Steffan-Dewenter, I. and Kuhn, A. (2003) Honeybee foraging in differentially structured landscapes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270, 569–575 48 Pettis, J.S. et al. (2012) Pesticide exposure in honey bees results in increased levels of the gut pathogen Nosema. Naturwissenschaften 99, 153–158 49 Alaux, C. et al. (2010) Interactions between Nosema microspores and a neonicotinoid weaken honeybees (Apis mellifera). Environ. Microbiol. 12, 774–782 50 Vidau, C. et al. (2011) Exposure to sublethal doses of fipronil and thiacloprid highly increases mortality of honeybees previously infected by Nosema ceranae. PLoS ONE 6, e21550 51 Aufauvre, J. et al. (2012) Parasite–insecticide interactions: a case study of Nosema ceranae and fipronil synergy on honeybee. Sci. Rep. 2, 326 52 Parsche, S. et al. (2011) Experimental environmental change and mutualistic vs. antagonistic plant flower–visitor interactions. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 13, 27–35 53 Hoover, S.E.R. et al. (2012) Warming, CO2, and nitrogen deposition interactively affect a plant–pollinator mutualism. Ecol. Lett. 15, 227–234 54 Bobbink, R. et al. (2010) Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis. Ecol. Appl. 20, 30–59 55 Stelzer, R.J. et al. (2010) Winter active bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) achieve high foraging rates in urban Britain. PLoS ONE 5, e9559 56 Le Conte, Y. and Navajas, M. (2008) Climate change: impact on honey bee populations and diseases. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. 27, 499–510 57 Martı´n-Herna´ndez, R. et al. (2009) Effect of temperature on the biotic potential of honeybee microsporidia. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75, 2554–2557 58 Szabo, N.D. et al. (2012) Do pathogen spillover, pesticide use, or habitat loss explain recent North American bumblebee declines? Conserv. Lett. 5, 232–239 59 Potts, S.G. et al. (2011) Developing European conservation and mitigation tools for pollination services: approaches of the STEP (Status and Trends of European Pollinators) project. J. Apic. Res. 50, 152–164 60 Rundlo¨f, M. et al. (2008) Interacting effects of farming practice and landscape context on bumblebees. Biol. Conserv. 141, 417–426 61 Bartomeus, I. et al. (2011) Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 20645–20649 62 Williams, N.M. et al. (2010) Ecological and life-history traits predict bee species responses to environmental disturbances. Biol. Conserv. 143, 2280–2291 63 Aguilar, R. et al. (2006) Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: review and synthesis through a metaanalysis. Ecol. Lett. 9, 968–980 64 Gill, R.J. et al. (2012) Combined pesticide exposure severely affects individual- and colony-level traits in bees. Nature http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1038/nature11585 65 Wesche, K. et al. (2012) Fifty years of change in Central European grassland vegetation: large losses in species richness and animalpollinated plants. Biol. Conserv. 150, 76–85 66 Montero-Castan˜ o, A. and Vila` , M. (2012) Impact of landscape alteration and invasions on pollinators: a meta-analysis. J. Ecol. 100, 884–893 67 Neumann, P. and Carreck, N.L. (2010) Honey bee colony losses. J. Apic. Res. 49, 1–6 68 Schweiger, O. et al. (2007) Functional richness of local hoverfly communities (Diptera, Syrphidae) in response to land use across temperate Europe. Oikos 116, 461–472 69 Le Fe´on, V. et al. (2010) Intensification of agriculture, landscape composition and wild bee communities: a large scale study in four European countries. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 137, 143–150 70 Kojima, Y. et al. (2011) Infestation of Japanese native honey bees by tracheal mite and virus from non-native European honey bees in Japan. Microb. Ecol. 62, 895–906


Earned the Cheers to Independent U.S. Craft Breweries (Level 27) badge! Earned the Middle of the Road (Level 79) badge! Earned the Photogenic Brew (Level 75) badge!
Earned the Brewery Pioneer (Level 8) badge! Earned the Pucker Up (Level 3) badge!
Earned the Brewery Pioneer (Level 12) badge! Earned the Land of the Free (Level 22) badge!
Earned the Cheers to Independent U.S. Craft Breweries (Level 7) badge! Earned the Middle of the Road (Level 13) badge! Earned the Land of the Free (Level 8) badge!
Earned the Middle of the Road (Level 5) badge! Earned the Draft City badge! Earned the Pucker Up (Level 2) badge!
Earned the Night Out badge! Earned the Wiseguys Sports Bar & Grill badge!
Earned the Middle of the Road (Level 70) badge! Earned the Pucker Up (Level 8) badge!
Earned the Pucker Up (Level 6) badge! Earned the Land of the Free (Level 18) badge!
Earned the Cheers to Independent U.S. Craft Breweries (Level 8) badge! Earned the Land of the Free (Level 9) badge!


text:
Q: How to include an SVG file in HTML5 so that xlinks behave like inline? I like to embed SVG in HTML, but prefer to have the files separated, just because I tend to edit HTML and SVG in different editors.
However, when I try to use <object>, the behaviour is different from inline. Links inside the SVG (such as <a xlink:href="http://stackoverflow.com/">...</a>) let the browser (FF38 here) open the page only in the object area. I like the normal inline behaviour, which is like HTML.
I tried <img>, but then links in the SVG don't work at all. I also tried <embed> and <iframe>, but it seems to do the same as <object> only worse.
So far, I can only imagine server side (templates) or client side (JavaScript) merging. Any other options?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
OnlineGamblingWebsites.com
A Complete History of Walthamstow Greyhound Stadium
Walthamstow Stadium (dg / geograph.org.uk)
Once described as 'the most charismatic greyhound track in Britain', Walthamstow Greyhound Stadium was as pleasant to look at from the outside as it was to watch racing from on in the inside. In fact, it was so iconic that the band, Blur, chose to use the site of two dogs running on the track as the cover of their third album, Parklife.
It opened its doors for the first time in 1933 and enjoyed a storied history in the years that followed. Despite protests to stop its closure, the inevitable happened when the decrease in popularity of greyhound racing caught up with Walthamstow Stadium and it closed its doors for the final time in 2008. Here's a look at the complete history of the famous venue.
Before the Greyhound Stadium
Whilst the greyhound stadium at Walthamstow became a national institution, it was not built in an area that was particularly popular before the sport made it its home. During the early part of the twentieth century, the site was used as the home of the Myrtle Grove Sports Ground, being used by Walthamstow Grange Football Club as its home ground from 1908.
The first time that greyhound racing took place in the area was in 1929, when the Crooked Billet Greyhound and Whippet Track was built there. It was an independent track, meaning that the racing that took place on the grounds was unlicensed and not affiliated with the sport's governing body. Even so, it was enough to catch the eye of William Chandler.
William Chandler Buys the Ground
In 1931 William Chandler, who already had shares in the Hackney Wick Greyhound Stadium, decided to buy the site at Walthamstow. He also bought both the art deco parapet entrance that had been built in 1932, as well as the clock tower. Also included in the deal was the totalisator board that had been build by Thomas & Edge Ltd of Woolwich.
The development of the ground to make it into a greyhound stadium took around two years to complete. The grand opening of the new venue took place on the fifteenth of April in 1933, with Amy Johnson, the famous aviator, playing a part. Chandler installed Harry Briggs as the stadium's Racing Manager and, despite the £24,000 he'd spent on buying it, it wasn't perfect in his eyes.
Renovations Take Place
When the stadium was opened by the first woman to fly across the Atlantic solo, it had little more in the way of spectator areas than two corrugated iron sheds. Not that that was bad for a venue that had been part rubbish tip before Chandler got involved. As someone who began life as an illegal bookmaker before moving on-course, he knew the value in making it more pleasant.
That's why he spent the money he earned from the first few years of racing upgrading the venue wherever possible. In fact, Chandler decided to rebuild the stadium as many as three times between 1931 and 1943 to make it into what he considered to be the 'perfect' venue. Once it was done, though, it was a venue that he was proud of and one he believed would make good money.
How the Stadium Looked
Julian Osley / geograph.org.uk
Chandler set the Walthamstow Stadium up to be ideal for greyhound racing. He installed kennels and a paddock between the third and fourth bends in the track, whilst installing a room for the trainers and another for the veterinarians at either end of the track. The Senior Club sat between the first and second bends, with a stand either side.
The main grandstand boasted two tea rooms, as well as both a wet and a dry bar, to keep the customers happy. Being a bookmaker by trade, Chandler ensured that there were plenty of places to put a bet on, allowing sixteen different tote buildings. The track's circumference was four hundred and forty yards, being one of the slowest and most difficult to race in London.
Racing Becomes Official
Alongside trying to make Walthamstow Greyhound Stadium the best in the business, Chandler also understood the importance of it becoming officially licensed. He worked hard to make that happen, seeing it host races under the rules of the National Greyhound Racing Club for the first time in 1938. It introduced its own competition, The Test, three years later.
Walthamstow was also unique in the world of racing because of the fact that several female trainers were hired. This was largely inspired by Frances Chandler, the daughter-in-law of William and a leading greyhound owner in her own right. That was headline grabbing, but it was the victory of Ballynennan Moon in the Stewards Cup in 1942 that really grabbed the attention.
Walthamstow Stadium & Speedway
Whilst greyhound racing was undoubtedly the main attraction at Walthamstow Stadium, there was a different type of racing that took place there from time to time. Speedway races happened for the first time in 1934, but it was in 1949 that it truly began to take over. The sport's governing body revoked the licence of the Lea Bridge Speedway Club, closing the track.
As a result, the Lea Bridge speedway riders had nowhere to go, transferring to Walthamstow Stadium. When the club had its first 'home' fixture against Wimbledon eleven thousand people turned out to watch. There were problems with the lighting, causing trouble for the riders. Eventually the club was forced to move once more because of noise complaints.
The Post-War Years
Winston Churchill gave a speech at Walthamstow (BiblioArchives / Flickr.com)
Walthamstow Greyhound Stadium's place in the pantheon of English sporting venues is deserved for numerous reasons, not the least of which is the fact that Winston Churchill addressed twenty thousand plus people on the site at the end of the Second World War. He was beginning his re-election campaign, using the famous venue to do so.
1945 was also the year that the Grand Prix was inaugurated, later going on to become one of the classic greyhound races. The year after saw everyone involved with Walthamstow Stadium in mourning when William Chandler passed away. His children were left equal shares of the business, meaning that the Chandler family continued to run the stadium.
Those that believe in the afterlife might well have imagined that Billy Chandler was looking down on the venue, given that 1946 saw a boom in the sport of greyhound racing that saw the stadium's Tote take in over £7 million that year in turnover. Charles Chandler had been made Managing Director, Victor and Jack concentrated on bookmaking and Ronnie on training.
The track was proven to be a massive part of the British greyhound scene when it provided the English Greyhound Derby finalist for the first time in 1948. The stadium also provided another piece of bookmaking history when Joe Coral, the founder of Coral bookmakers, had a pitch there before opening betting offices of his own in the 1960s.
Speedway and greyhound racing weren't the only form of racing to take place at Walthamstow Stadium. From 1962 until 1968, the venue was also used for stock car racing. It wasn't uncommon for the sport to take place at greyhound and speedway tracks, so Walthamstow having been home to both sports certainly helped.
The venue was home to BriSCA "Senior" F1 and "Junior" F2 stock cars, whilst in March of 1968 the Spedeworth promotion took over the running of Walthamstow. They put on Superstox, Hot Rod, Stock Car, Midget and Banger racing. The racing continued at Walthamstow Stadium until the end of the racing season in 1974.
The Track Is Modernised
Inside Walthamstow Stadium in 2008 (Richard Humphrey / geograph.org.uk )
There were some minor changes to Walthamstow Greyhound Stadium over the years, including the introduction of closed circuit television in 1963. In 1965, a chromotography test for drugs was carried out for the first time at a purpose-built lab. Perhaps the biggest change in terms of the actual track came in 1968 when the bends were banked to produce faster speeds.
Even so, time was catching up with the venue and, so in 1971, an escalator was added to a new stand, which also featured a restaurant. The 1970s also saw some uncertainty creep in, with the deaths of both Charles and Victor Chandler. Percy Chandler became the new Managing Director and Charles Chandler Jr. the Chairman.
In 1984, an attempt to offer another string to the stadium's bow resulted in the building of Charley Chan's nightclub, which was located underneath the totalisator board. There were also moves to modernise the training side of life at Walthamstow, with the likes of Kenny Linzell, Dick Hawkes and Jim Sherry joining the venue.
The Stadium Heads into the 1990s
In 1987, the Arc was added to the list of Walthamstow Stadium's major races, becoming the fourth to be run there. Greyhound racing's popularity showed no signs of declining and, despite trainers chopping and changing, Walthamstow was seen as the centre of that. By 1988, the venue's Tote turnover was in excess of sixteen million pounds.
When the 1980s turned into the 1990s more changes were afoot, chiefly seeing Chris Page takeover as the Racing Manager. There was also more success for women thanks to Linda Mullins winning the Trainer of the Year award five times in a row. 1990 also saw Walthamstow's second Derby win with Slippy Blue finishing first in the event.
The track was awarded its first Bookmakers Afternoon Greyhound Service, meaning that races would be televised into bookmaker's shops up and down the country and the track would receive some money accordingly. 1998 saw the Racing Post host a Festival at Walthamstow, whilst Linda Jones was appointed as a trainer in 1999, winning two Greyhound Trainer of the Year Awards.
The Decline Begins
As the 1990s began to turn into the 2000s, greyhound racing's popularity declined dramatically. At one point, there were as many as thirty-three greyhound tracks in London, but that soon dropped to just a couple. Charlie Chan's nightclub under the totalisator board was closed in November of 2007, whilst the directors of the venue began to consider their options.
That more than fifty million people had attended dog tracks every year after the war made no difference to Walthamstow in the 2000s, which found itself staring down the barrel of extinction. The fact that it boasted the biggest attendances of any greyhound stadium in the UK couldn't stop it from losing £500,000 per year, meaning closure seemed inevitable.
The End of Walthamstow Greyhound Stadium
Walthamstow's neon sign was restored to its former glory in 2016 (Alex McGregor / geograph.org.uk)
Understanding its responsibility towards the dogs, Walthamstow Stadium worked hard to give support to Johanna Beumer, who finds homes for former racing dogs. Yet the venue's legacy was all but run roughshod over by the decision of the owners to close the place down in 2008. It soon fell into disrepair and was eventually sold to property developers.
In 2016, the famous art deco neon lights that adorned the entranced to Walthamstow Stadium were switched on once again. The lights, which earned the stadium the nickname of 'Las Vegas at the end of the Victoria Line, were painstakingly restored by Andy Cook at a cost of around £100,000 and with the backing of the housing association building three hundred homes there.
Around four hundred and fifty people lost their jobs when the track eventually closed in the summer of 2008. Memories were lost along with the dog racing track, even though countless people tried to capture them. It was one of the view visitor attractions that Walthamstow as an area had to offer, which is why Katherine Green photographed as much as she could whilst she could.
Previous Post: « What Was The World's First Casino?
Next Post: Match Fixing In eSports »
Is Bingo Considered Gambling?
Grand National Trends & Stats: Average Odds, Age & How Often The Favourite Wins
Weird Sports at the Olympics: From Pistol Duelling to Solo Synchronised Swimming
Can You Bet on the Olympics?
What Is Wheel Bias in Roulette?
What Happened to Vernons?
The Auction to Decide Who Gets to Blow Up Former Trump Casino
Best Dog Racing Tracks in the UK
Introducing the Racing League: Horse Racing's New Team Competition
South African Lottery Draws 6 Sequential Numbers: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Betsson Finally Turns Its Back on the UK, But What Happened?
What Does the Future Hold for William Hill?
Does Pattern Recognition Work in Baccarat?
What Is the House Edge & How Does It Work?
Evolution's €1.8 Billion Takeover of Netent Will Create a New Gaming Powerhouse
How Do Gambling Laws Differ Around the World?
Older Casino Games Will Be Gone in a Flash After Adobe Drops Support
The Gambler Who Lost a Slot Machine Jackpot After Letting Friend Press the Button
Does Darts Have a Match Fixing Problem?
What Is the Starting Price in Horse Racing?
Could We See the End of White Label Casinos?
When to Double & Split in Blackjack
Donkey Racing & Other Weird Things People Bet On
Is Online Roulette Rigged?
What Is Draw Bias in Horse Racing?
Belle Vue Dog Track to Close After Planning Permission for 250 Homes Approved
The Greyhound Derby: A Look at UK's Biggest Dog Race
What Happened To All Of The Dog Tracks in London?
What Was The First Online Casino?
Roulette Systems: Destroying The Martingale System Myth
National Lottery Odds – What Are The Chances Of Winning The Lotto Jackpot?
What Happens if you Buy Every Combination of Lottery Tickets?
What Are The Chances Of Winning The Lottery In Your Lifetime
Copyright OnlineGamblingWebsites.com © 2006–2021 | Sitemap - Blog Archive | 18+ Please Bet Responsibly | BeGambleAware.org
Established in 2006 under the name Good Bonus Guide (GoodBonusGuide.com) and briefly known as OnlineBetting.eu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Looking for best way to implement modal dialog in onPause I have fragment with EditTexts that user can change.
As well I have back button on Toolbar (and physical back button too)
When the user hits back, I check if the data was changed and if it was - I need to open dialog and ask the user "Do you want to save changes?". Get the click and act accordingly (positive or negative answer).
The best place to save the data (maybe I wrong) is in onPause of this fragment.
The problem is with the dialog - it is not modal and while it's showing the question and waits for user reaction - the fragment under it disappears and previous come back from stack.
I need to "pause the onPause" with the dialog until the user make his choice. What the easy (or most correct) way to do it?
@Override
public void onPause() {
    if (!(text.getText().toString().equals(user.getName())))
    {
        new MaterialDialog.Builder(getActivity())
                .title("Save changes?")
                .content("You changed you personal details, save changes?")
                .cancelable(false)
                .positiveText("Save")
                .negativeText("Discard")
                .onPositive(new MaterialDialog.SingleButtonCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(@NonNull MaterialDialog dialog, @NonNull DialogAction which) {
                        save();
                    }})
                .show();
    }
    super.onPause();
}

If I want to do it before onPause - I'll need to catch the Toolbar's back button and physical back button - seems too much work for this. Looking for elegant way.
Thank you

A: onPause is called when the activity moves into the background (not being shown on the screen anymore).
To show a dialog before the app goes off screen, you can override the "onBackPressed" function in an activity.
@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    performBackPressed();
}

public void performBackPressed(){
    //show your dialog here
    //call finish(); when done to close app
}

You can call the performBackPressed() method whenever the Toolbar's back button is pressed too.
If you're trying to show a popup from a fragment when back is pressed, then you still have to override that method in the activity, then notifiy the fragment whenever back is pressed.
In my app I have a container in the activity that holds all my fragments. I use this code to get the currently active fragment:
YourFragmentClass curFrag = (YourFragmentClass) fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_container);

then I have  a method in the fragment called onBackPressed() and I just call that on the fragment I just got.


Sandbags are a big part of a city table I am planning, so I figured it was time to do some experimenting. What I need flexible sand bags, so they will conform to terrain. Enter the chew pouch. I found these wintergreen pouches on amazon and have been using them in my experiments. All I do is soak the bags in glue and then press them into place. A quick airbrush of paint and a dousing in weathering powder and I am done. A word of warning though, these bags come wet, and they smell like the worst kind of wintergreen ever. They are repugnant. Resist the urge to try one just because you bought a bunch. Once you've tasted these, it is hard to even work with them.
Smaller pouches can be found. I plan to use pouches about 1/2 this size for our 1/72 boards.
Wow, yeah these really do look perfect.


Franca Giansoldati, Vatican correspondent for the Rome daily newspaper Il Messaggero, asked the pope about women in the church. At first, he gave what seems to be his stock reply: Women are beautiful, "church" is a feminine word, we cannot do theology without femininity, we should work more on a theology of women.
She responded: "Don't you see a certain underlying misogyny?"
Francis replied: "The fact is, woman was taken from a rib." Giansoldati reports Francis laughed heartily as he called his comment a joke -- "una battuta" -- the same word he used months ago to characterize the idea of women cardinals. Continuing, the pope agreed that "we" should go deeper into the issue of women, because without doing so, "we" cannot understand the church itself.
Ignoring the insult, Giansoldati asked whether to "expect from you historic decisions, such as a woman department head, I am not saying of the clergy ... "
To which the pope continued his "ribbing": "Well, priests often come under the authority of the housekeeper."
Where to start? I can't help but wonder whether rectory housekeepers are root or result of clerical tone-deafness. I cannot believe that a world-class person like Francis, who seems so much in touch with individuals and their suffering, is capable of making remarks such as these. Yet I know he lives in a society where the ordinary needs of clerics are often taken care of by unmarried women or religious sisters who cook, clean, do laundry, order supplies and serve as receptionists, often on nights and weekends. Just like Mom.
That still seems to be the case in much of the clerical world. Do an Internet search for "rectory housekeeper" and you will find job descriptions from coast to coast. Even new rectories have a room with a bath or a suite just off the kitchen or laundry room for the woman who runs the rectory household and, if Francis is to be believed, the priests.
Sometimes it's a little more than that. From my school days, I recall a housekeeper who followed the pastor to each new assignment. They finally got married when I was in graduate school.
Now, I know Francis is a religious and that he lived simply and did his own cooking back in Argentina. I know he does not live like King of the Vatican. I know he objects to high-living clerics. Yet his comment about housekeepers ruling the priests must come from someplace deep within the clerical society to which he belongs.
That, after all, is the bottom line. The men who think like this just don't get it. Will they ever? How can the church move forward when the "we" is all male, all the time, and women are the "they" to be both ridiculed and theologized about?


The recent healthcare reforms announced in the U.S. have arguably been one of the most opportunistic business areas that Indian services industry can look forward to. While the quality of healthcare in the US is arguably one of the best in the world, the administrative aspects of the industry is by far the most complex and difficult to comprehend systems and processes in the world. The healthcare industry currently represents about 12 percent of the US GDP and is expected to reach close to 15 percent over the next 7-8 years. Traditionally, the administrative side of the healthcare industry has been termed the laggard when it comes to technology adoption, and the IT spend is estimated to be about two percent of revenues compared to the financial or banking industries where it is about 8 to 10 percent.
There is a major reason why technology adoption is difficult in the administrative side of the healthcare industry; it is the regulatory complexities involved. Most IT companies have found it difficult to build systems that are able to handle the ever changing federal, state, and private insurance regulations. There is a lot of work that has to be done manually in order to keep the monies flowing between the various constituents. While this trend has been changing over the years, it will still take a very long time for systems to catch up and replace the amount of manual work that will always be needed.
It is anticipated that over the next few years the amount of data entry work will probably reduce, as systems get more sophisticated and data transfer between the various systems become more seamless. Regardless of this, the need for value added services like medical coding, insurance follow-up, collection activities, and claims adjudication services will continue to increase. The healthcare reform package recently announced by President Obama, which is considered the most sweeping change in the industry since the Medicare changes in the 1960's, has some challenges to overcome in terms of financing the various programs and reforms that have been announced.
In any event, some form of the reform is much needed in the industry and will go into effect only over the next 3 to 5 years, and will add more than 40 million Americans (who currently don't have insurance) to the insurance system. This will increase the magnitude and scope of the administrative complexity, thus leading to more manual work that has to be performed. In addition, the US has mandated that the entire industry move from ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases) to the usage of ICD-10 codes throughout. This move to the ICD-10 coding system is forecast to be as big as the Y2K opportunity. Thousands of companies in the industry will have to make changes to their systems and processes to accommodate this transition. For example, there is a total of over 16,000 ICD-9 codes while the number of ICD-10 codes are about 64,000 and more.
The opportunity for IT and services outsourcing companies in the US healthcare industry is bound to increase over the next few years. As the US economy slowly recovers, companies will look to get more efficient and profitable leading to increased usage of offshore resources. A lot of entrepreneurs and Indian companies understand that the US healthcare industry is stable and fairly recession-proof and the huge opportunity they foresee makes them too eager to get into the industry. Therefore, they tend to get into undesirable business practices like arbitrarily lowering the pricing and paying more for labor in India, in effect squeezing the margins and jeopardizing the long term viability of the services industry from a quality perspective.
Security of information is extremely important when servicing the US healthcare industry and a lot of companies in India do not understand the risks associated with sensitive information leaking outside and the negative effect it will have on the future of the entire industry. Servicing the US healthcare industry properly will require a good amount of capital investment upfront to set up the proper infrastructure. Serious entrepreneurs should be cognizant of this, if they are in it for a long haul. The other challenge will be to find good talent in India to provide the services, especially the voice based ones as this requires not only good English communication skills but also very good analytical skills.
In summary, while the opportunity remains huge for the healthcare outsourcing industry in India and can grow 20-fold from where it is today, it will happen only if we collectivity provide a lot of value added and high quality services.
3: Interesting and informative article.
Hope that Indian software companies will be benefited.


Running Android 7.0 Nougat out of the box, the LG Stylo 3 Plus replaces the Stylo 2 Plus that T-Mobile launched in 2016. The new handset obviously features a stylus pen, and brings various improvements that make it better than its predecessor. The Stylo 3 Plus is powered by a octa-core Snapdragon 435 processor clocked at 1.4 GHz, further offering a fingerprint scanner, a 13 MP rear camera, 5 MP front-facing camera, 2 GB of RAM, and a 3080 mAh battery. However, data loss on LG Stylo 3 Plus may happen a lot. If you accidentally deleted or formatted precious SMS, Contacts, photos and videos from LG Stylo 3 Plus, don't feel frustrated, you should know that the deleted files are not completely erased. Instead, they are still there and can be recovered with reliable data recovery software.
Here, UFUSoft Android Data Recovery is recommended. This software is the most popular software among LG Stylo 3 Plus user as well as other Android phone users to retrieve lost data. It can easily recover lost SMS, Messages, WhatsApp videos, images and messages, Call logs, Photos/ Pictures/ Gallery, Videos, Documents, Contacts from any Android phone including LG Stylo 3 Plus. It is avaliable for smart phone with from Android 2.3 or earlier to Android 5.1 or newer operating system.
Note: Before recovery, remember don't take any new SMS, Contacts, photos or videos with your LG Stylo 3 Plus phone to avoid data overwriting.
Step 1. Don't use your LG Stylo 3 Plus immediately once the data lost. Turn off your 3G/4G connection and Wi-Fi to avoid automatic updates and data overwriting. Every new data could make the deleted data unrecoverable.
Step 2. Get a reliable LG Stylo 3 Plus data recovery tool. UFUSoft Android Data Recovery (Android Recovery for Mac) is one of the most powerful program to recover deleted files on LG Stylo 3 Plus. Simply download and install it on your computer.
Step 3. Enable USB debugging on LG Stylo 3 Plus. Go to Settings > About Phone > Tap Build number seven times on the bottom. Then go back to access the Developer options menu, check "USB debugging" and hit "OK" on the prompt.
Step 4. Connect LG Stylo 3 Plus to computer and run UFUSoft Android Data Recovery.
Step 5. Scan data on LG Stylo 3 Plus. After the software detected your LG Stylo 3 Plus, click "Start" to begin scanning.
Step 6. Selectively preview and recover lost data from LG Stylo 3 Plus. You can preview both deleted data and existing data on the scan result. Select files you want to get back, and tap button "Recover".
This LG Stylo 3 Plus Photo Recovery also supports other Galaxy S series like Galaxy S/S2/S3/S4/S5/S6/S7/S8, and more Android phones and tablets such as, Samsung Galaxy Note 5/3/2, Galaxy Nexus, HTC One, HTC Sensation, Sony Xperia, LG Optimus, and more.
← How to Recover Deleted/Lost Data from LG Fortune?


The purpose of this research is to know the consumers respondent whether they are noticeable and aware about the promotional strategies that implemented by FAMA in Melaka state. The promotional strategies consist of elements such as advertising, personal selling, public relations and sale promotions. Nowadays promotional strategies have gained importance within the country to achieving the competitive advantage. Moreover promotional strategies have been used not by the profit organization but also the nonprofit organization. The findings show that the FAMA have encountered some problem in their promotional strategies whereby becomes one of their weaknesses strategies in order to attract the consumers. The study is to find the consumers awareness towards the promotional products and the products that have been produce by the company. As to solve their problem the researcher suggest the company to enhancing their promotional strategies, developing more activity within the community such as education program, community service, sponsoring for the community program and so forth. 50 of respondents have been asked by using questionnaire in order to gain information and feedback to the company. The questionnaire consists of question about the promotional strategies and the product awareness to the consumers around Melaka state.


We set great store by quality. And we love the warm, unmistakable character of wood. This is why we build all of our furniture from pure, natural wood. And create an incomparable atmosphere of well-being.
Liv impresses with its clear-cut, linear design. The solid brushed board oak and the carefully crafted corner profiles underline the natural premium character of this range. The trims are optionally available in white or brown satin glass.
Liv doesn't just impress in your living space, but also offers spectacular solutions for your dining area. Besides matching tables and chairs, you can choose from a wide range of individual and functional pieces that perfectly supplement our living space combinations.
A living room that is a dining space and workspace at the same time? Good job we though of all this in our Liv range. With the practical writing desk and matching dining furniture, your living room always looks tidy, and is a feast for the eyes.
If you occasionally need to do desk work at home, you need a smart solution. After all, who wants to be reminded of unfinished work? A writing desk gives you the perfect workplace on a tiny footprint, keeping things tidy, and blending in perfectly with its surroundings. And it offers an integrated power socket and a practical material compartment into the bargain.
W 103,5 H 75 D 50/ 40.7" x 29.5" x 19.6"


text:
Delivery alert
There may be an issue with the delivery of your newspaper. This alert will expire at NaN. Click here for more info.
For only $10
Journal North
Rio Rancho Observer
ABQ Metro
Homicide Map
with D'Val Westphal
UNM Lobos
NMSU Aggies
Local Pro Teams
Other Local
Go! Outdoor Sports
Email to Speak Up!
Grammer School
on Lobo basketball
Business Outlook
Scammed, Etc.
with Ellen Marks
Fetch! (pet pics)
Go! Outdoors
Reel NM
with Adrian Gomez
with Greg Peretti
with Rozanna Martinez
Brews News
Submit Speakup
Submit Sports Speakup
Find a new vehicle
Success! — Manage subscriptions
Top CEOs
Small colleges fight to survive, amid warnings of shaky finances
By Jeffrey J. Selingo / The Washington Post
Published: Thursday, February 9th, 2017 at 10:15am
Updated: Thursday, February 9th, 2017 at 10:16am
Mount St. Mary's University in Maryland.Rarely does a week pass without one of the major bond-rating agencies issuing a warning about the finances of a small college. MUST CREDIT: Courtesy of Mount St. Mary's. HANDOUT, HANDOUT
.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
About 40 percent of American colleges enroll 1,000 or fewer students. Another 40 percent enroll 1,000 to 5,000 students. These campuses, clustered mostly in the Northeast and upper Midwest, are employment and cultural anchors in their communities, where other industries have fallen on hard times in recent decades.
But now these schools are in trouble, too. Rarely does a week pass without one of the major bond-rating agencies issuing a warning about the finances of a small college. What's significant about the guidance of these firms is that they tend to rate only schools with strong balance sheets to begin with.
Just this week, Moody's Investors Service revised the outlook on Mount St. Mary's University in Maryland to "negative" from "stable." The rural Catholic college with 2,300 students near the Pennsylvania border made national news last year after its president compared struggling freshmen to bunnies that should be drowned or shot.
The president later quit, but the firestorm he created seems to have impacted the university's ability to recruit students. Freshman enrollment fell 17 percent last fall, Moody's said, and that means "heightened financial risks" for the tuition-dependent university on $38 million in rated debt. At the same time, Moody's affirmed Mount St. Mary's Ba2 rating, which still places the debt in junk territory, because the university has made "progress in stabilizing leadership and rebuilding its board."
ADVERTISEMENTSkip
Like many small colleges, Mount St. Mary's is competing for a shrinking number of students in its primary recruitment market. After decades of a fairly steady upward expansion in the number of high-school graduates across the United States, the nation is heading into a lengthy period of stagnation, according to projections released in December by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education.
The organization, which tracks graduates for the entire country, found that the South and to some extent the West will account for nearly all the growth in the number of high-school graduates over the next decade, while the Northeast and Midwest will show a continued and steady decline. Everywhere, the nation's high-school graduates will become more diverse than ever before, with the number of Hispanic graduates expected to grow substantially.
Although warnings about the changing demographics of college-age students were first issued earlier this decade by the commission, many small colleges ignored the predictions. And now their lack of a strategy to diversify the enrollment pipeline is putting financial strain on the bottom line, especially in a student market where tuition prices continue to increase year after year as family incomes lag.
The answer for many small colleges has been to discount tuition prices. The average discount for first-year students has reached a staggering 47 percent – that's nearly half off of the published sticker price of tuition, and up from around 40 percent just seven years ago. But there is evidence that even discounting tuition no longer works in attracting students. More 40 percent of small private colleges missed their goal for enrollment or tuition revenue last year, according to a recent survey by the Chronicle of Higher Education.
Not all small colleges are struggling, however. A handful have deep pockets to maintain their small size and national reputations that generate plenty of qualified applicants. Even a few without a brand-name or a hefty endowment have forged a pathway to prosperity, some even by growing in size.
Take the University of New England, for example. The school in Biddeford, Maine, just south of Portland, has seen its enrollment triple in the last decade to some 12,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students. It's the ninth-fastest-growing private college in the country. What's more, the university is drawing more of its students from outside Maine. In 1998, half of the university's incoming class came from Maine. In recent years, 70 percent of new students came from elsewhere, mostly Massachusetts and New Hampshire, but also New York and Connecticut.
"We saw the writing on the wall and knew the demographics weren't in our favor," Scott Steinberg, the university's dean of admissions, told me. So the university started to focus on recruiting at high schools throughout New England "knowing 50 percent of students go to college within 250 miles of their home," Steinberg said.
Simply racing to where large numbers of students live is not a strategy by itself. "Everyone follows that playbook, so we needed to be unique in other ways," Steinberg said. For the University of New England that meant emphasizing a broad liberal-arts education combined with health professions programs, which tend to get students jobs. The university also focused on getting students to visit the campus because those who do are more likely to apply and eventually enroll.
Earlier this month, Moody's, in rating new debt for the University of New England at a level of A3, characterized the school's outlook as "stable." The university, Moody's noted, has "strong student demand" and its leaders have engaged in "thoughtful planning and careful execution."
"Student enrollment is like an investment portfolio," Steinberg told me. "You have to diversify, not only in geography, but academic majors, graduate programs and different ways of reaching students, such as online. No doubt many small colleges face demographic challenges. It will be tough going if you just do what you always did. You have to think differently."
Selingo is the author of "There Is Life After College," a book about how today's graduates launch into their careers, and the best-selling "College (Un)Bound."
Subscribe to the Albuquerque Journal for only $10.
Advertise in the Journal
Subscribe to the Journal
Contest Terms
RELATED SITES & PARTNERS
Journal Rewards
Valencia News-Bulletin
El Defensor Chieftain
Copyright © 2019 Albuquerque Journal | Albuquerque, N.M.
Access the eJournal replica
Enjoy Journal Rewards
Uninterrupted web experience
Please Disable your Ad Blocker, Subscribe or Sign In


text:
Newly revealed texts show Sean Hannity knew Trump's actions after…Australia Women vs England Women | Sky Sports Live CricketWomen's Ashes: Australia vs England, second T20 LIVE!Mom didn't want her child's face to be national news,…'Go back to your country': Man arrested and charged for…
Posts tagged: Airline
Aer Lingus heads for Orlando, Florida
Aer Lingus has celebrated the launch of its very first direct flight from Manchester Airport to Orlando, Florida. Flight EI 35, operated by an Airbus A330, to Orlando is the…
Published: December 13, 20219:26 am
Qatar Airways touches down at Odesa International Airport
Qatar Airways' inaugural flight from Doha to Odesa landed at Odesa International Airport earlier. The arrival marks the launch of the airline's second gateway to Ukraine.…
Emirates returns to Gatwick Airport
Emirates has restarted services to Gatwick, reconnecting people and businesses across the south of England with its growing global network. Flight EK015 will land at Gatwick at…
Full aviation recovery still years away says Heathrow
Heathrow has said passenger numbers were 60 per cent lower in November than before the Covid-19 pandemic. Just over three million people travelled from the airport last month,…
Airbus gets tough with Qatar Airways on A350 dispute
Airbus has said it will seek an "independent legal assessment" as a way to resolve a dispute over the grounding of the Qatar Airways A350 fleet. The Middle East carrier took…
airBaltic battles back from pandemic losses
airBaltic carried 157,200 passengers in November, up 265 per cent when compared to the same month last year. The Latvian carrier performed 2,740 flights last month. Martin Gauss,…
MAG calls for government review of travel restrictions
Manchester Airports Group (MAG) has called on the government to carry out an urgent review of its new travel restrictions as the group released half-year results. Figures for the…
Etihad Airways signs codeshare deal with ITA Airways
Etihad Airways and ITA Airways, the national carrier of Italy, have signed a codeshare agreement connecting the networks of the two airlines. This new commercial partnership is…
Etihad Airways launches first green loyalty programme
Etihad Guest has introduced a series of sustainability-focused initiatives to reward members for making 'green' choices and providing options to reduce their own carbon…
Friend joins board at United Airlines
United Airlines has confirmed Matthew Friend will join its board of directors. Friend, currently executive vice president and chief financial officer of Nike, and brings more than…
Parker to step down as American Airlines chief executive
American Airlines has announced Doug Parker will retire as chief executive at the end of March. Robert Isom, currently president of American, will succeed him. Isom also will join…
Finnair will expand its network in the United States with flights from Helsinki to Seattle due to start in June. In the summer season, the carrier will operate three weekly…
Pope Francis boards Aegean flight to Rome
Pope Francis has concluded a visit to Cyprus and Greece with a farewell ceremony at Athens International Airport. As he headed back to Rome, he embarked on a dedicate Aegean…
British Airways signs new sustainable aviation fuel deal
British Airways will utilise sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) produced on a commercial scale in the UK after signing a multi-year agreement with Phillips 66. Thousands of tonnes of…
Passenger numbers continue to grow at Norwegian
New figures from Norwegian reveal the carrier welcomed over one million passengers in November for the second consecutive month. Adjustments to capacity and route network for the…
United takes next steps in sustainable fuel roll-out
United has operated an "unprecedented" flight that the carrier claims will serve as a "turning point" in efforts to combat climate change. For the first time in aviation…
Dubai to boost Nigeria services from this weekend
Emirates will resume its passenger operations between Dubai and Nigeria from Sunday, offering customers enhanced connectivity to and through Dubai. The airline will operate to and…
Ryanair signs Junta de Andalucía partnership
Ryanair has announced a partnership with Junta de Andalucía in a bid to further boost tourism recovery across the Spanish region. Central to the partnership is a joint…
Avianca emerges from financial restructuring
Avianca has successfully completed a financial restructuring process and emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Officials claim the carrier is now more efficient and…
Heathrow reopens dedicated Covid-19 red list terminal
Heathrow has reopened its dedicated facility for passengers arriving from red list countries. From today, Terminal 4 will act as a separate arrivals facility, keeping direct red…
ITA Airways looks to the future with Airbus order
ITA Airways has firmed up an order with Airbus for 28 aircraft, including seven A220s, 11 A320neos and ten A330neos, the latest version of the A330 widebody. The order confirms…
Aer Lingus takes off for New York for Manchester Airport
Aer Lingus has celebrated the launch of its very first direct flight from Manchester to New York, JFK. Flight EI45 takes off as the airline expands its transatlantic services for…
United Airlines to return to Scotland in the spring
United Airlines will resume daily non-stop services between Scotland and the United States next year. Starting March 5th, the airline will resume its year-round daily non-stop…
Norwegian to welcome Boeing 737 Max back to fleet
Norwegian has continued to selectively grow its fleet and has entered into an agreement to lease two Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft. "This agreement is an important step in…
Tashkent added to Qatar Airways route network
Qatar Airways will add Tashkent, Uzbekistan to its global network with twice weekly flights. The first flight from Doha to Tashkent will take off on January 17th, operated by an…
Airbus records promising sustainable aviation fuel test results
Initial findings from a world-first study of the impact of 100 per cent sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) on both engines of a commercial jet have provided "promising" early…
Published: November 30, 202110:37 am
easyJet has recorded a loss before tax of £1.1 billion for the year to September as the Covid-19 pandemic continues to take a toll on the aviation sector. Losses grew by more…
South Africa leads red list additions as new Covid-19 variant identified
The government has reintroduced red list restrictions on arrivals from South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, Zimbabwe and Namibia with immediate effect. The move comes in…
Etihad Airways loses control of holidays division
Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions Company (ADNEC) is moving forward with a diversification strategy, taking over Etihad Holidays from Etihad Airways. The business will integrate with…
airBaltic launches codeshare deal with Emirates
Emirates and airBaltic have launched a codeshare deal that will open new, seamless travel opportunities. Customers of the Latvian carrier will benefit from convenient access to…


Based on the original work of Dmitry Komanov (https://medium.com/@dkomanov/scala-string-interpolation-performance-21dc85e83afd).
Note: the current version of the interpolation Macro is a complete rip-off of fast-string-interpolator as their performance is superior, but they don't currently support Scala.js or Scala Native.
As shown in the article by Dmitry Komanov, Scala's s"" and f"" interpolation are incredibly slow. This is an effort make String interpolation as fast as it should be with the additional features of type-safe formatting with code-completion.
libraryDependencies += "com.outr" %%% "perfolation" % "1.0.4"
val greeting = "Hello, World!"
libraryDependencies += "com.outr" %% "perfolation-macros" % "1.0.2"


Got A Bar and Want Extra Cash This Summer Season?
Then why not take a pool table from us on a 50/50 split. It costs you nothing to have the table installed and we simply split the coins between the two of us. It really can add lots to your bottom line. We have tables right across the Algarve (about 70 sites in total) and this is our most recent installation : Sensation in Albufeira.


Keeping a desk Free google calendar upon your office desk is share of the corporate culture. Many people have them in their homes too! Its a great addition to have. If you would as soon as to own a desk directory which has got a design of your choosing, we suggest you to pick any one of forgive printable Desk encyclopedia Templates we have compiled here. The templates are tall character and you can personalize the designs in any pretension you like. There are alternative Word templates, from a yearly calendar on a single page (the whole year at a evident to a quarterly calendar 3 months/1 quarter on one page available in both notebook computer and portrait orientation. The templates are secret's in Microsoft Word ".docx" format and can be used with the newer types of Word that contract the XML document standard data with ".docx" extension - Word 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 & workplace 365). If you have an older version of Word that only helps the ".doc" format (Word 2000, 2002/XP & 2003), or if you don't have Word installed use Microsoft office Online or one of the free Microsoft Word/Microsoft workplace alternate options FreeOffice TextMaker, LibreOffice writer and Google doctors which are all free of charge (OpenOffice writer alas has formatting problems when establishing our calendars). also suitable with Microsoft office for Mac (macOS) and Microsoft office mobile for iPad/iOS, Android and home windows 10 mobile. Read more about the various Word versions and dossier codecs on Wikipedia.


text:
Sunshine Ladies Tour primed for sizzling summer
Lee-Anne Pace
JOHANNESBURG, 31 January 2014 - Valentine's Day will signal a new era in women's professional golf in South Africa when the champion of the first Chase to the Investec Cup for Ladies tournament is crowned at Houghton Golf Club next month.
With the launch of the WPGA's new Sunshine Ladies Tour just weeks away, top professionals Lee-Anne Pace, Tandi von Ruben, Laurette Maritz, Morgana Robbertze and Monique Smit, and LET rookies Kim Williams and Nicole Garcia, are among the country's leading lights, set to fly the flag for South Africa against a host of international competitors.
"The Chase to the Investec Cup for Ladies at Houghton from 13-14 February will officially mark the start of the Sunshine Ladies Tour," said WPGA chairman, Margie Whitehouse.
"We are thrilled that so many of our top professionals have found a way to support the new Tour and will be playing in some, if not all, six of the tournaments throughout February and March and vie for a spot in the limited-field Investec Cup for Ladies.
"We are very excited to get the Tour off the ground and to give our members a local competitive platform with the help of the Sunshine Tour and our sponsors Investec, Sun International, SuperSport and Dimension Data."
The format of the first six tournaments will be 36-holes stroke play with no cut and each event will offer prize money of R100 000. The Investec Cup for Ladies in March, however, is limited to the leading 10 professionals on the Order of Merit and boasts a purse of R300 000.
Former SA Women's Open champion Von Ruben and Ladies European Tour winner Maritz will lead the local candidates in the first Chase to the Investec Cup for Ladies and the Sunshine Ladies Tour Sun International Challenge, which will be played at Lost City Golf Course a few days later.
The South Africans can expect strong opposition from the likes of England's Holly Aitchison and Lauren Blease, Hermione Fitzgerald from Switzerland, Italy's Sophie Sandolo, Maggie Yuan from Australia, Swaziland's Nobuhle Dlamini and Bonita Bredenhann from Namibia.
Although former LET number one Pace will miss the first two events, the eight-time LET champion joins the action alongside two-time LET champion Anne-Lise Caudal from France at the third event - the Sunshine Ladies Tour Dimension Data Challenge - in George from 22-23 February.
Pace and Caudal will also compete in the fourth Chase to the Investec Cup for Ladies at Glendower Golf Club from 27-28 February, and the classic Parklands layout is certain to serve up just as much excitement as it provided during the South African Open Championship in November.
The final two events - the Sunshine Ladies Tour SuperSport Challenge at Zwartkop Country Club and the final Chase to the Investec Cup tournament for Ladies at Blue Valley Golf & Country Estate - will determine the field for the Investec Cup for Ladies, at Millvale Private Retreat and the Lost City Golf Course at Sun City respectively.
"The introduction of six tournaments that form a part of the Chase to the Investec Cup for Ladies culminating in the Investec Cup 2014 is wonderful and we are pleased to lead the way in establishing a competitive tour for professional ladies in South Africa," said Investec's Heather Casey.
The first six tournaments will also offer the country's top amateurs the unique opportunity to showcase their talent while gaining invaluable experience by playing against top local and international players.
SUNSHINE LADIES TOUR SCHEDULE
13 – 14 February
Chase to the Investec Cup for Ladies
Venue - Houghton Golf Club
Prize money R100 000
Sunshine Ladies Tour Sun International Challenge
Venue – Lost City Golf Course, Sun City
Sunshine Ladies Tour Dimension Data Challenge
Venue - Oubaai Golf Club & Outeniqua Course at Fancourt
Venue - Glendower Golf Club
6 – 7 March
Sunshine Ladies Tour Super Sport Challenge
Venue - Zwartkop Country Club
13 – 14 March
Venue - Blue Valley Golf & Country Estate
Investec Cup for Ladies
Venue - Millvale Private Retreat & Lost City Golf Course, Sun City


text:
Russians Lined Up In A Record QR Code
PRWEB) JANUARY 23, 2018
Last Sunday in Moscow, 500 people created a giant QR code, which became a record for the Old World.
Video has over 500 thousands reviews https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3ViUecN2VA
The action was held on January 14 on the field of the stadium "Krasnaya Presnya". By the number of people participating in the QR code, this action was a record for Russia and Europe. In addition, the largest on the planet using paper. Therefore, the application is also sent to the Guinness Book of Records.
The flash mob is initiated by the international technology company Midex with offices in Hong Kong and Estonia.
'According to many analysts, 2018 will be the 'Year of the QR code', said SEO MIDEX Dmitry Machikhin, 'despite the fact that it appeared relatively long ago, right now, when the world comes 'cryptocurrency boom' - QR- code goes to the peak of its popularity. Our QR-code just symbolizes technology development'
According to the organizers, the preparation of the event took several weeks, while the action itself lasted about 3 hours. The volunteers raised black and white paper plates over themselves, which played the role of pixels and formed a giant QR code. The result was photographed with quadrocopters. And the video is uploaded to youtube.com.
Note that the world's largest QR code was created in 2012 in Taiwan. More than 1000 people took part in the action, umbrellas were used as the pixels. It was impossible to read it with a special application. The action was held to draw attention to the problems of tourism and education in this country.
Midex is an international technology company headquartered in Hong Kong with regional offices in Estonia and Russia. We develop and implement innovations for leading financial infrastructure institutions and companies operating within fast-growing markets.
Other Barcode News
Code Announces Joe Croce as Director of Sales, North America
Leeds Teaching Hospitals Nhs Trust Chooses Zebra Technologies For Gs1 Compliance
ScanSource Named to FORTUNE Magazine's 2018 List of 'World's Most Admired Companies'
SunDance Acquires Pitney Bowes Relay 7000 Folder Inserter With Barcode Scanning
Economics of Track and Traceability - AIM Seminar
TEKLYNX Named 2018 Stevie® Awards Finalist for Customer Service Department of the Year
Sionic Mobile and Xevo Partner to Expand Merchant Network for Rich Retailer Experience
World Duty Free Enjoys 40-50% Fragrance Sales Uplift Using SFD Systems' Digital Shelf Edge
Orthopedic Companies Use RFID To Automate Inventory
Seldat Technology Services Announces WMS360™, Warehouse Management System Launch


text:
CP employee dies after huge Pickering, Ont., railcar derailment
UPDATE: Coroner says 40-year-old Edmonton man died of multiple injuries.
In a news release, the Canadian Transportation Agency also fined Canadian Pacific Railway $100,000 for the incident.
An employee of Canadian Pacific Railway has died following a fatal incident at a rail yard in Pickering, Ontario.
Canadian Pacific says emergency crews responded to a medical emergency after reports of a derailment Monday evening.
Police and the coroner's office were called to the scene, where they found a man in his 40s who was taken to hospital where he was pronounced dead.
CP says it's offering counselling to workers involved in the incident.
The incident is being investigated by the Transportation Safety Board.
In April, a CP train carrying crude oil and liquefied petroleum gas derailed near Bancroft, B.C., and was halted due to leaks.
In 2008, a CP train carrying grain derailed and caught fire near Penhold, Alta., leaving a worker with minor injuries.
Click here for more railroad news from Barrick and Exploratory Railways.
Categories politics Tags chemistry, nobel prizes, politics, television, vaccination and immunization
'Rust' shooting: Alec Baldwin lawyers up after being hit with lawsuits
Kyrgyzstan's newly-elected president is seeking to align the nation more closely with the West


text:
DARPA-funded prosthetic memory system successful in humans, study finds
A neural prosthetic system that can improve a memory by "writing" information "codes" (based on a patient's specific memory patterns) into the hippocampus of human subjects via an electrode implanted in the hippocampus (a part of the brain involved in making new memories).
In this pilot study, described in a paper published in Journal of Neural Engineering, epilepsy patients' short-term memory performance showed a 35 to 37 percent improvement over baseline measurements, as shown in this video.
The research, funded by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), offers evidence supporting pioneering research by USC scientist Theodore Berger, Ph.D. (a co-author of the paper), on an electronic system for restoring memory in rats (reported on KurzweilAI in 2011).
"This is the first time scientists have been able to identify a patient's own brain-cell code or pattern for memory and, in essence, 'write in' that code to make existing memory work better — an important first step in potentially restoring memory loss," said the paper's lead author Robert Hampson, Ph.D., professor of physiology/pharmacology and neurology at Wake Forest Baptist.
The study focused on improving episodic memory (information that is new and useful for a short period of time, such as where you parked your car on any given day) — the most common type of memory loss in people with Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and head injury.
The researchers enrolled epilepsy patients at Wake Forest Baptist who were participating in a diagnostic brain-mapping procedure that used surgically implanted electrodes placed in various parts of the brain to pinpoint the origin of the patients' seizures.
"We showed that we could tap into a patient's own memory content, reinforce it, and feed it back to the patient," Hampson said. "Even when a person's memory is impaired, it is possible to identify the neural firing patterns that indicate correct memory formation and separate them from the patterns that are incorrect. We can then feed in the correct patterns to assist the patient's brain in accurately forming new memories, not as a replacement for innate memory function, but as a boost to it.
"To date we've been trying to determine whether we can improve the memory skill people still have. In the future, we hope to be able to help people hold onto specific memories, such as where they live or what their grandkids look like, when their overall memory begins to fail."
The current study is built on more than 20 years of preclinical research on memory codes led by Sam Deadwyler, Ph.D., professor of physiology and pharmacology at Wake Forest Baptist, along with Hampson, Berger, and Song. The preclinical work applied the same type of stimulation to restore and facilitate memory in animal models using the MIMO system, which was developed at USC.
Tags: brain, health, medicine, neuroscience, research


Our modern 3-star hotel is conveniently situated in a quiet neighbourhood, close to the public transports. The hotel will fulfil your expectations: the bedrooms are equiped with TV and CD/DVD player. You will appreciate the business corner with high-speed cable internet access. The hotel also has its own garage and parking lots as well as a bus parking. We wish you a pleasant stay in Berne, famous for its unique arcades, which make this city to a largely appreciated, covered shopping stroll.
If the booking is cancelled more than 2 days before the day of arrival, no charge applies. If the booking is cancelled from 2 days before the day of arrival on, the charge will be 100% of the whole stay. In case of no-show, the charge will be 100% of the whole stay. The hotel reserves the right to pre-authorise credit cards prior to arrival.
Minotel offers free accommodation and breakfast for 1 child under 12 years old when sharing a room with 2 adults; other meals are to be paid at the hotel directly. In such a case, the client shall book a double or twin room and add a comment in the "comment box" for an extra bed for a child under 12, and not book a triple room. Two children under 12 traveling with adults (no matter if the adults are staying in a single, double or triple room) will be accommodated in a twin room and pay the price of a double room for single occupancy.
Thanks to the almost unchanged medieval cityscape, Berne has been included in the directory of UNESCO world cultural sites. The Old Town of Berne owes its compactness to its natural situation on a peninsula in a loop of the river Aare. Its Old Town has become a pedestrian's paradise thanks to the 6 km long arcades, called "Lauben", which make Berne to one of the longest covered shopping promenades.


text:
Twitter blows a whistle: who of us thought that a social media outlet that allows anybody to speak might just save the nation
by leftthoughts
I am NOT undecided, never have said I was. I made my mind up about trump and his at least incompetent and uncouth delivery and at worst, his absolute design to destroy the nation as we stand as far as equality under the law and humane treatment for all was concerned. I made that decision when trump stuck to the hilariously false story that Obama was not born in this country, when he was certainly born in this country, unless of course, you want to suggest that Hawaii is not part of the country. That is where every record confirms him to have been born.
I made that decision when he insisted, against all evidence, that a huge number of Muslims congregated across the river from New York City and cheered and had a party to celebrate the destruction of the twin towers. Nobody else has ever, and I do mean ever, come out with any confirming information. in addition, every fact checker has failed to confirm his statement.
I found new evidence about the man when he made his famous "Mexicans are rapists and drug dealers and I guess the rest are ok people" statement. Anybody watching that statement, with their eyes and ears open heard a man call Mexicans bad hombre's and throwing in the "I guess the rest" reluctantly as a way of not appearing to be as big a racist as he actually was and is, or at least his desire to appeal to those who feel that way, whatever is "in his heart" which his supporters like to point out that we can't know. We may not know his heart but we should know his actions and words, and they scream "racist" to me.
It is also a true statement that every intelligence agency tasked with investigating such things came to the conclusion that the Russians tried to intervene in the 2016 election. That is a fact that even Lindsay Graham, of flexible loyalties, can't deny. However, when Dick Durbin pointed out at that same hearing that the republicans had left out a bunch of witnesses pertinent to the case, Lindsay lost his mind and went on a tirade about "going after trump." Let's remember who Lindsay Graham is and what his moral qualifications are. He is the guy that hated trump and loved John McCain. John was his dear friend, until that it, it become politically expedient to dump his supposed best friend and team up with trump who hounded McCain not just into the grave but beyond it, causing pain to the entire McCain family. Now note, by saying that I am NOT saying that trump is responsible for McCain's death, that is the not at all what I am saying. However, Iamsaying that suddenly, Lindsay Graham flipped and took the side of the man who made McCain's last few months less pleasant that they deserved to be.
Please note that this last issue is spelled out, about the hearing, in the Rawstory link. That is not a source that I usually use for my blogs because it is less, in my opinion, free of being questionable certainly than a bit more mainstream and established publications although it is certainly what I tend to believe in my heart. However, the pertinent part is a video which I tend to trust. Durbin suggested, make that demands, that other witnesses need to be called. Certainly Michael Cohen, who was responsible for negotiating a trump Tower in Moscow up to and possibly extending beyond the election period might need to be heard from. Certainly there is a long list of people who need to be heard from based just on their testamony to theMuellerreport.
Where, to continue, is Manafort, Stone, and Flynn, all of who had ties to Russian agents on that list of witnesses? How about Don Jr and his eagerness to meet with Russian agencies, including a known lawyer for the Russian government to hear dirt on Clinton that they then tried to explain as a discussion of adoption? Where are the Russian nationals who have been doing business in this country, more importantly with trump himself in his towers endeavors, on that list? Nowhere, that is where. But of course Graham wants to say it is only supposed to be about one thing, proving that the FBI and the DOJ used an illegal investigation to get the information they have. And these are likely the very same people whosupported"enhanced questioning" during the Iraq war…ie torture.
But let's move to the present, having discussed the past. The point is that I believe, and have always believed that the trump administration was installed through nefarious efforts. At minimum, the Russians tried to sow discord, even Lindsay was forced to acknowledge that in his little tirade. The Mueller Report did NOT exonerate trump. It found that it wasn't provable with the evidence available to conclude that a sitting president needed to be charged. That is far from saying "innocent". Not even close, no matter what his supporters try to suggest.
Certainly the Russians managed to sow discord, but we weren't without existing discord to begin with. We already had the likes of David Duke, fighting for KKK code of conduct endorsing trump.
(trump later tried to claim that he didn't know who the likely most famous former Grand Duke, Holocaust denier and all round racist in the Country was) We already had Neo Nazi's and the so called 'alt-right" represented by Spencer campaigning for White Supreamacy, thinking that the rest of us would fooled by their relabeling of their movement with the more genteel title of "White Nationalists". I, and many more were not fooled: never were, not now and never will be. You can dress racism and bigotry in as pretty words as you want, it still comes though as what it is when the rubber meets the road.
So here we are in June of 2020. We have a pandemic that has not left the stage yet, and is likely to be back in the fall in full force again. Our leader told us as late as mid March that there was nothing to it, until suddenly the fiqures of those getting sick and dying got too great, and he suddenly flipped and he said he knew it was a pandemic before anybody. Well, then will nobody but me ask why he lied to the public then until he was forced to admit that it was? As a part of the pandemic, employment went down, the stock market went down. It is only up now because it has been manipulated with the "stimulus" that was given to large corporations at the expense in many cases of the small businesses that were really suffering, especially the minority owned businesses. And finally, it is up because greed is apparently king again, rather than fear, and people are seeing a way to make a killing.
So, we have the pandemic of 1918, and the crash of 1929. That just leaves the racial discord of 1968. Well, it is here before us. It is here because once more a white over-zealous cop murdered a Black Man for no legitimate reason in the most horrible way that I can imagine, by literally standing on his neck for something like nine minutes while he choked to death. We have it because instead of looking at the video and immediately picking up that cop on suspiction of murder one, the state postponed till it "got enough evidence". So, Blacks across the nation are upset, totally justified by the way, because once more a murder of a Black man has occurred at the hand of the police and the response was very slow. At least the policeman was fired pretty much immediately, that may have been the one thing that helped save the day.
But now, all across the country, there are protests. Some, like the ones here in New Orleans, have been peaceful and the point was made, and government officials came out and actually supported the legitimate protest. In other areas, that has not been the case. Nowhere has it likely been worst than in DC where we saw a man who is supposed to be leader of the free world, use pepper spray or tear gas, and certainly rubber bullets to force the protestors off the street so he could go do a photo op that fed nothing but his own ego. In doing so, he sent many peaceful protestors rushing onto church property to get away from the cops, also likely invading the church patio as well. He did it, let's face facts, because his response to that point had been so pathetic and lackluster that he was shamed and wanted to make himself look like the big man that he is not and has no way of being.
And people are rushing to say that those protestors are rioting and causing trouble. Yet, are they really?? Look who has the most to gain by destablishing the nation. I could just go to Russia, who is on record as engaging in that sort of discrediting behavior. Please remember that even
Lindsay Graham had to acknowledge that. But we don't even have to go far as there are plenty of groups in this country that want to reck havoc on the Federal government. We know about "the proud boys" and every militra group is, in essense, an anti-government group. So we have plenty of suspects who could very easily be infiltrating and trying to sow hatred and stoke racism in the effort to bring about their agenda.
Finally, we come to that group that I will insist on calling the hero of the moment. That group is none other than the social media platform, Twitter. They are the ones that finally allowed fact checkers to point out that trump's claims of fraud being caused by mail-in ballots is questionable at least, and very likely fraudent in and of itself. If it is truly so fraud prone, then why would he, of all people vote by mail? That also appears to his current spokeswoman, who is "entitled" to do so. That suggest to me that they believe that rich republicans should be allowed to vote by mail, but not poor democrats, especially those who are mine age that might be afraid of Covid-19 because of pre-existing health conditions. How is that anything but rigging the election?
And now, in the latest Twitter action, they have called out groups having opened up channels to encourage violence and an effort to discredit the protestors. Like I said, who knew that Twitter might just be our salvation as a nation? But then if, as I believe, this administration is corrupt and aligned with truly "bad hombres" in the racist sense, only more private sources can be trusted to tell the truth.
Lindsey Graham gets defensive at Rosenstein hearing after Dick Durbin calls for subpoenas for Trump's associates
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/twitter-fake-antifa-acount-white-supremacists-removal/?fbclid=IwAR1PXJvQ2ZGO37LX_vOJe_-L-9jl30eUyDS-OGxnlYLSaKrP4VwhWZtSrKI
Tags:politicsRacismTrump needs to go


text:
Endoscopic examination of labial fusion in a postmenopausal woman: a case report
Yusaku Kumagai1,
Masafumi Toyoshima1,
Kei Kudo1,
Minoru Ohsawa1,
Hitoshi Niikura1 &
Nobuo Yaegashi1
Journal of Medical Case Reports volume 12, Article number: 26 (2018) Cite this article
Labial fusion is defined as adhesions of the labia minora or majora. Labial fusion may cause urinary retention. Surgical treatment based on an accurate anatomic assessment may be needed, but the usefulness of endoscopic examination for this disease has not been reported.
A 76-year-old Japanese woman undergoing chemoradiation treatment for esophageal cancer was referred to our department for evaluation of high accumulation in the vagina on a positron emission tomography scan. On physical examination, her labia were noted to be extensively fused with a pinhole opening at the midline. Endoscopic examination revealed that her vagina was filled with urine and there were no abnormalities in her urethral meatus and cervix. The adhesions were separated under anesthesia and there has been no recurrence during follow-up.
We present a case of a postmenopausal patient with labial fusion who underwent successful surgical management. An endoscopic examination enabled us to determine the precise anatomic position and adopt a safe surgical procedure.
Labial fusion is a benign genital disorder which is most commonly described in prepubertal girls, and less often reported in postmenopausal women [1, 2]. The etiology of labial fusion in the reproductive or postmenopausal age group is unknown. Labial fusion can be caused by infection [3, 4], trauma to the genitalia [2], or chronic inflammation resulting in low serum estrogen levels [5]. Labial fusion is diagnosed by visual inspection, and the clinical complications associated with labial fusion are usually minor. However, urinary tract infection or hydronephrosis can result from disturbances in urination [6, 7]. Surgical treatment is needed if a patient complains of urination disorders or the degree of labial fusion is severe. These adhesions are usually superficial, but sometimes involve the clitoris, thus making it difficult to distinguish the precise anatomic location. Although an endoscopic examination is frequently performed in the diagnosis and treatment of lower and upper urinary tract disease, the use of cystoscopy in patients with labial fusion and urinary retention has not been reported. We present a case of total labial adhesions in a postmenopausal woman who underwent an endoscopic examination.
A 76-year-old Japanese woman, who received palliative chemoradiation treatment for stage IV esophageal cancer, was referred to our Gynecology Out-patient Department for evaluation of high accumulation in the vagina, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVMax) of 39.1, on a positron emission tomography (PET) scan (Fig. 1a, b). She had no complaints of difficulty with urination, except that it took a long time to urinate. She denied pain while urinating and urinary frequency. A urine analysis did not reveal hematuria or bacteriuria. She had two vaginal deliveries and no history of major trauma in external genitalia at birth. She denied past history of pelvic trauma or infectious disease in the external genitalia. She was menopausal at 40 years of age, and had never undergone a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for cervical cancer screening.
Examination findings at Out-patient Department. a Several hot spots were detected within the esophagus SUVMax 14.2), the left supraclavicular lymph node SUVMax 8.2), and the lesser curvature of the stomach SUVMax 5.5) in positron emission tomography scan. b A high accumulation, SUVMax 39.1, was found in the vagina and the cervix (arrow). c Inspection of the vulva. d The labia majora is completely fused and there is a pinhole opening in the midline. The vaginal introitus and urethral meatus are obliterated. e A transrectal ultrasound revealed the uterus was retroflexed and the endometrium was thin. f The vagina was dilated with fluid retention and a normal cervix was visualized
Inspection of her external genitalia showed that her clitoris was normal in size, and the labia majora and anus were visualized (Fig. 1c); however, the urethral meatus and vagina orifice were not seen on careful inspection of her vulva (Fig. 1d). On palpation of her external genitalia, there was a pinhole opening at the midpoint between her clitoris and anus. A transrectal ultrasound revealed an atrophic uterus (Fig. 1e) and large amount of fluid retention in her vagina (Fig. 1f). A cystoscopic examination was performed in an effort to define the anatomic structures in the closed vaginal cavity before an invasive procedure was undertaken (Additional file 1: Video 1). The pinhole was dilated and a fiber was inserted into the hole. The tip of the fiber reached her bladder, and we confirmed that the urethra, cervix, and urethral meatus within her vagina were filled with urine. Thus, surgical intervention was recommended. Under topical anesthesia, the labial adhesions were bluntly and sharply dissected (Fig. 2a, b). A Pap smear showed no cervical abnormalities. We gave our patient local hygiene recommendations and applied an estrogen ointment to prevent reformation of adhesions. She is currently healthy and has had no recurrence 3 months after surgery.
a Postoperative view of the vaginal introitus. b A urethral catheter was inserted in the meatus urethra
Additional file 1: Video 1. A cystoscopic examination revealed the vagina was filled with urine and there were no abnormalities in the cervix and urethral meatus. (MP4 5212 kb)
Labial adhesions are defined as partial or complete adherence of the labia minora or majora. A low serum estrogen level is the basic cause of labial adhesions [8]. Physiologic hypoestrogenism, together with chronic inflammation in the vulvar skin and mucosa, leads to labial adhesions with subsequent partial or total obstruction of the vagina and/or the urethra. Because our patient had received radiation therapy in our hospital, decreased general activity and lack of sexual intercourse were the major causative factors leading to labial fusion.
An endoscope is widely used to directly visualize various organs inside the human body. Because endoscopes are small and flexible and feature a high-resolution camera which enables a clear view, the application of endoscopy has increased. In the current case, our patient had a pinhole opening in the adherent labia and her vagina was filled with urine. A cystoscope was inserted through this pinhole and her bladder, urethra, and cervix were visualized (Additional file 1: Video 1). In fact, an endoscopic examination made it possible to confirm the precise anatomic structures and relationships beyond the adhesions.
The treatments which are available for symptomatic patients and those with severe adhesions include non-surgical and surgical methods. Topical estrogen and betamethasone treatment with good vulvar hygiene is generally selected as first-line treatment for prepubertal girls; the success rate is between 50 and 88% [9]. In contrast, estrogen therapy is not always successful for adult patients [9]. Surgical separation should be considered in cases that are not responsive to conservative management or when immediate treatment is required. Seehusen and Earwood reviewed ten cases of postpartum labial adhesions and reported that surgical dissection was definitive therapy in every reported case [2]. Postoperative estrogen cream should help prevent recurrences and repeat surgery [10]. The significance of this case is that it is the first report of labial adhesions in which an endoscopic examination facilitated safe surgical treatment.
In this report, we present a case of a postmenopausal patient with esophageal cancer who had an abnormal finding involving the vagina on a PET scan. The diagnosis of labial fusion can be made by inspection, but endoscopic examination was shown to be invaluable to determine the precise anatomic structures and relationships, thus enabling us to perform a safe surgical procedure.
Shaver D, Ling F, Muram D. Labial adhesions in a postpartum patient. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;68(3 Suppl):24S–5.
Seehusen DA, Earwood JS. Postpartum labial adhesions. J Am Board Fam Med. 2007;20:408–10.
Sentürk S, Ustüner P, Balık G, Kağıtcı M, Ural UM, Sahin FK. Labial adhesion with acute urinary retention secondary to vaginitis. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2014;2014:259072.
Herieka E, Dhar J. Labial adhesions following severe primary genital herpes. Sex Transm Infect. 2001;77:75.
Muppala H, Meskhi A. Voiding dysfunction due to long-standing labial fusion in an elderly woman: a case report. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2009;20:251–2.
Azarfar A, Ravanshad Y, Bagheri S, Esmaeeli M, Nejad MM. Labial adhesion and bacteriuria. J Turkish Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015;16:68–9.
Melek E, Kilicbay F, Sarikas NG, Bayazit AK. Labial adhesion and urinary tract problems: The importance of genital examination. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12:111. e1–e5.
Webster JJ, Williams G. Adhesions of the labia minora. Br J Urol. 1996;78:146–7.
Mayoglou L, Dulabon L, Martin-Alguacil N, Pfaff D, Schober J. Success of Treatment Modalities for Labial Fusion: A Retrospective Evaluation of Topical and Surgical Treatments. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2009;22:247–50.
Üstüner I, Avşar AF. Labial Adhesion with Acute Urinary Retention Secondary to Bartholin's Abscess. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2012;4:106–8.
The authors thank Dr Noriyoshi Takahashi (Radiology Department, Tohoku University Hospital) for the clinical examinations and participation in the management of the patient.
This research was supported by Research Promotion and Practical Use for Women's Health, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED).
Data sharing is not applicable to this article, as no datasets were generated or analyzed.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
Yusaku Kumagai, Masafumi Toyoshima, Kei Kudo, Minoru Ohsawa, Hitoshi Niikura & Nobuo Yaegashi
Yusaku Kumagai
Masafumi Toyoshima
Kei Kudo
Minoru Ohsawa
Hitoshi Niikura
Nobuo Yaegashi
YK and MT analyzed and interpreted the patient data, drafted the manuscript, and created the figures and video. YK, MT, KK, MO, HN, and NY performed physical examinations and provided medical care. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Masafumi Toyoshima.
No ethics committee approval is required at our institution for a case report involving a single patient.
Kumagai, Y., Toyoshima, M., Kudo, K. et al. Endoscopic examination of labial fusion in a postmenopausal woman: a case report. J Med Case Reports 12, 26 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-018-1568-4
Endoscopic examination
Labial fusion
Postmenopausal woman