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SwiftTalk Limited
The Oyo Empire and Bashorun Gaa
The Oyo Empire and Bashorun…
First Alaafin or King of the powerful Yorùbá kingdom of Oyo was Ọranyan. He founded Oyo made him the first Alaafin at around the year 1300.
The Old Oyo Empire was one of the strongest if not the strongest in the Yoruba mythology.
Oyo-Ile as it was called then (not the modern day Oyo) has a lot of stories surrounding it, being the choosen place for many of the Yoruba gods and warriors, likewise kings and people of great reputation.
The oyo empire was a monarchical one and ruled by an Alaafin (king), (Alaafin means 'owner of the palace' in the Yoruba language). However, an administrative council and governing body, made up of chiefs (Oyo Mesi) served to maintain a balance in power. They were headed by a prime Minister called Bashorun and could request the king's suicide by sending him a calabash of parrot's eggs.
The Oyo Mesi
The Oyo Mesi were the seven principal councilors of the state. They constituted the Electoral Council and possessed legislative powers, similar to today's National Assembly, Parliament and Congress.
Led by the Bashorun, acting as prime minister, who was assisted by the Agbaakin, Samu, Alapini, Laguna, Akiniku and Ashipa. They embodied the nation's voice and had the chief duty to protect the empire's interests.
The Alaafin was expected to take the counsel with them if there was any important matter that affected the state. Every man had a state responsibility to perform in court every morning and afternoon. Each member also had a deputy whom they would send to the Alaafin if his absence was unavoidable.
The Oyo mesi acted as a check and balance on the Alaafin's power, preventing the king from being an autocrat; the council forced many Alaafin to commit suicide during the 17th and 18th centuries. The head of the Oyo Mesi known as the Bashorun who would consult the Ifa oracle for approval from the gods. The new Alaafin of Oyo was seen as appointed by the gods. They were regarded as Ekeji Orisa (companion of the gods.)
The Bashorun Gaa Rise and Fall
This brings us to the story surrounding Bashorun Gaa and his reign as the Prime Minister of the Old Oyo Empire.
Bashorun Gaa was an integral part of the Old Oyo Empire's royal politics. No story of Oyo-Ile would be complete without a mention of his name.
Bashorun Gaa was instrumental to the military conquests during his time as a Prime Minister of the Old Oyo Empire during the 17th/18th century.
During the 17th century Oyo Kingdom, the monarchical failings came with a succession of uncharitable kings to the exalted throne. From Odarawu (who was bad tempered) to Kanran (an unmitigated tyrant) then Jayin (the effeminate and dissolute) down to Ayibi (the cruel and arbitrary) and Osinyago (the worthless) the Alaafin's in the second half of the 17th century were despotic.
Odarawu was the Alaafin of Oyo after Alaafin Ajagbo, and his reign was short because he was considered a man of bad temperament. According to Oyo legend his bad temper led him to being removed as king and also served as educational warning and lesson to future kings on character development.
He was asked to commit suicide after his last blunder on the throne — he ordered the destruction of a town called Ojo-segi for the trite reason of being disrespected in the market by a trader in Ojo-segi.
He was followed by others who were as terrible as he was.
Bashorun Gaa being the head of the Oyo Mesi (the Oyo council of Kingmakers) became too powerful during that period supervising and executing the death of four Alaafins in quick succession. He was said to be so powerful he could turn to any animal at will.
He was Bashorun from 1750–1774 and was believed to have grown up during the reign of the 9 Alaafins. They were terrible kings and this could have affected his view of the office.
The unwritten Constitution which gave Bashorun (prime minster) a final say on the nomination of the new Alaafin and the control of the kingmakers was so great that the Bashorun 's power rivaled that of the Alaafin himself. This of course was an open opportunity forBashorun Gaa to have absolute control of the political machinery of old Oyo kingdom of his time in his palms.
Power drunk, Bashorun Gaa became a classical tyrant during the Yoruba pre-colonial era breaking the support he had among the people against tyrant kings. The one who fights the tyrants became a feared tyrant himself.
Bashorun Gaa, unconstitutionally hijacked all the political power and machinery of Oyo kingdom. All the homage, respects and the material benefits meant for the kings were diverted to his personality. This was a great crime against the royal political system and great assault to the gods of the land and the past ancestors.
He was also said to have been a crime instigator. He was fond of aiding, abetting and covering the crimes committed by the people of his household. The history recorded the serial killings committed by his sons and head slave. The criminals were protected by him and even punished those who reported the crime.
The Bashorun ordered the massacre of the family members of one of his wives who was alleged to have attempted to poison him. He was however poisoned by the last Alaafin he killed, Alaafin Majeogbe. The poison left him weak, paralyzed and vulnerable.
Bashorun Gaa's end was believed to have came during the reign of Alaafin Abiodun who ruled from 1774–1789.
As much as I want to believe Alaafin Abiodun's plot against Bashorun Gaa was so he could have a peaceful and tyrant free reign, I think a more solid reason is because Gaa murdered his only daughter, Agbonyin.
While a version of the story states that Bashorun Gaa killed the girl for a ritual, another version states that Gaa needed a deer and when he couldn't get any, he ordered his men to kill Alaafin Abiodun's daughter, Agbonyin (who was forcefully married to him) because she had a similar name.
The furious and heartbroken Alaafin Abiodun met clandestinely with the Onikoyi and the then Are-Ona-Kakanfo, Oyabi from Ajaseland, on how to send Gaa to his grave and Alaafin Abiodun and his co-plotters succeeded in extinguishing the fear Bashorun Gaa had instilled in the people of Oyo-Ile.
Read Also: Kogi State – Princess Inikpi the Legend of Igala Kingdom
In 1774, hundreds of angry people of Oyo-Ile were said to have stormed Gaa's compound and killed all members of his household. Only his eldest son, Ojo Agubambaru had survived the attack and fled to a faraway land called Bariba in this version of the story.
Another version stated that his children fled Oyo for places like Egbado (Yewa), Badagry, Cotonou in Dahomey, all main locations where their father had contacts and that Ojo Agubambaru later came back to Oyo Ile to take the throne but was betrayed.
Bashorun Gaa himself was dragged out and tied tied to a stake at Akesan market and Alaafin Abiodun ordered that every citizen cut a pound of flesh from his body and drop it in a huge fire in front of him.
He was made to smell the odour of his own flesh, his nose was not allowed to be cut and flesh from the left part of his chest was excluded too (to prevent him from dying quickly).
The remains of his body were later burnt in fire to prevent his re-incarnation.
The public execution of this man eventually brought up a popular saying in Yoruba land to warn those in power and the rulers who are tyrants. The saying goes thus: "Bi o laya ko seka, sugbon bi o ba ranti iku Gaa ki o so oto". This is translated as — "If you are brave, venture into wickedness, but if you remembered Gaa's death, adhere to the truth".
It must be noted that the death of the all-powerful Bashorun Gaa affected the Old Oyo Empire in some ways.
Firstly, it decreased the military and political strength of the Empire; this was due to the destabilization of the Oyomesi after Gaa's death; the Oyomesi were supposed to act as a check to the Alaafin but instead became his puppet, and left him with absolute authority to rule the Empire.
Secondly, the political unrest the old Oyo Empire witnessed after Gaa's death made some kingdoms under her auspices (like Dahomey) declare their independence.
All these were undoubtedly among the factors that led to the subsequent fall of the old Oyo Empire in 1836/1837
Bashorun Gaa's end was believed to have came during the reign of Alaafin Abiodun who ruled from 1774–1789).
Read On: The Bravery of Orompoto – The first Female Alaafin of Oyo and the Nupe.
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"""
WWW: http://4suite.com/4DOM         e-mail: support@4suite.com

Copyright (c) 2000 Fourthought Inc, USA.   All Rights Reserved.
See  http://4suite.com/COPYRIGHT  for license and copyright information
"""

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I love basil. I love tomatoes. I love mozzarella cheese. I could have it in a salad, with pasta or bread. Inspired by my trip to France, this sandwich served as our lunch break when we bicycled through Epernay, France (also known as champagne country). We ate it as we overlooked this breath taking view of the French vineyards. Let's just say France was an unforgettable trip. This sandwich is so easy, quick to make and perfect if you're looking for a light lunch or snack. Great for vegetarians too.
SERVES 4 (6 INCH SANDWICH PER PERSON) | PREP TIME 15 MINS | COOK TIME 0 MINS!
Now time to assemble your sandwich!
On the base of the bun, line with seasoned tomatoes over your lettuce, then add cheese slices and top off with basil leaves.


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සිංහල தமிழ்(current)
Eoin Morgan & Ravi Bopara join Kevin Pietersen after auction
Monday, 16 February 2015 - 20:38
Past and present England players Kevin Pietersen, Eoin Morgan and Ravi Bopara will play for Sunrisers Hyderabad in the 2015 Indian Premier League.
Pietersen,was the most expensive Englishman at auction, going for 20 million rupees.
Indian Yuvraj Singh topped the price list for the second year running, with Delhi Daredevils paying a record 1.6 million pounds for his services.
Kumar Sangakkara, who won the man-of-the-match award in the World Twenty20 final against India in April last year, went unsold, as did fellow Sri Lankans Mahela Jayawardene and Tillakaratne Dilshan as well as South Africa Test captain Hashim Amla.
Decision to be taken regarding Kusal Mendis
New symptoms for COVID identified
SL vs ENG second Test: Oshada to replace Kusal Mendis?
Cabinet Decisions: Grace period for households & industrial establishments in isolated areas
Special warning issued to motorcycle owners (Video)
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US capitol building lockdown - rehearsal for Joe Biden's inauguration suspended
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
U.S. Department of Energy Issues Final Order and "Finding of No Significant Impact" for Sabine Pass Liquefaction Export Project
By John Burnes, Janna Chesno, Duncan Greene, and Marisa Hecht
On August 7, 2012, the Office of Fossil Energy of the Department of Energy ("DOE") issued a Final Opinion and Order, Order No. 2961-A, granting long-term authorization to Sabine Pass Liquefaction LLC ("Sabine Pass") to export liquefied natural gas ("LNG") from the Sabine Pass LNG terminal in Cameron Parish, Louisiana to non-Free Trade Agreement ("non-FTA") nations. This remains the only long-term authorization issued by DOE to export LNG to non-FTA nations. There are currently 9 other non-FTA export applications that are being held in abeyance by DOE until the completion and review of two studies evaluating the impacts of LNG exports on U.S. gas supplies, prices, and markets. In its order, DOE lifted the environmental condition contained in its prior order, [Order No. 2961], that had required the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC") to complete its on-going Environmental Assessment ("EA") and then DOE to review the EA and independently evaluate the environmental impacts of the export proposal to meet its obligations under the National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA"). DOE reviewed the FERC administrative record (including the EA) and orders authorizing the construction and operation of the Sabine Pass LNG export facilities, and issued a "Finding of No Significant Impact" ("FONSI") which enabled DOE to issue a final order lifting the environmental condition contained in the prior order authorizing the proposed LNG exports.
In so doing, DOE denied a late-filed request for intervention and protest of the Sierra Club which argued that FERC's EA was inadequate and that DOE had to supplement the environmental review performed by FERC to consider the cumulative and indirect impacts of increased shale gas development allegedly caused by LNG exports. Sierra Club had previously intervened in the Sabine Pass proceeding at FERC and made the same arguments concerning the adequacy of FERC's EA. As part of its "Beyond Natural Gas" campaign to oppose LNG exports and gas infrastructure projects in the U.S., Sierra Club has also intervened or sought to intervene and made virtually identical NEPAarguments in all pending non-FTA export proceedings at DOE and related FERC LNG export facilities proceedings.
Pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, FERC is the lead agency under NEPA for the environmental review of LNG export projects. Although DOE acts as a cooperating agency in the FERC environmental review process, it must issue its own independent NEPA environmental document. In recognition of this obligation, DOE in its original May 2011 Sabine Pass order, Order No. 2961, conditioned its authorization on satisfactory completion of environmental review by FERC under NEPA and upon DOE issuing its own FONSI or record of decision after completion of the FERC environmental review process.
FERC Proceedings
FERC began its environmental review of the Sabine Pass LNG export project in August of 2010 as part of the FERC NEPA pre-filing process. FERC issued its EA on December 28, 2011. On January 30, 2012, Sierra Club filed a late motion to intervene in the FERC proceeding, and objected to the FERC EA on a number of grounds, including that FERC was required to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement ("EIS") instead of an EA, and that FERC did not adequately consider the cumulative and indirect impacts associated with "induced" natural gas production that would occur upstream of the facility.
On April 16, 2012, FERC issued its order approving the project, in which FERC adopted 55 environmental conditions designed to mitigate impacts identified in the EA and determined that, if these conditions were followed, Sabine Pass' LNG export project would not constitute a major federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. Although FERC granted Sierra Club's late intervention, it did not agree with Sierra Club that an EIS was required, or that the environmental effects of increased production of natural gas from shale developments were "reasonably foreseeable" impacts of the project under NEPA. Shortly thereafter, Sierra Club filed a late motion to intervene in the Sabine Pass docket at DOE, and simultaneously sought rehearing and stay of the FERC order. On July 26, 2012, FERC denied Sierra Club's requests for rehearing and stay and re-affirmed the adequacy of its environmental analysis under NEPA. FERC explained that it was virtually impossible to estimate how much, if any, of the export volumes associated with the Sabine Pass export project would come from existing or new shale gas production. In addition, even if incremental shale gas development would result from the project, the amount, timing, and location of such development activity was simply unknowable at this time.
DOE Proceedings
In the August 7, 2012 order, DOE denied Sierra Club's motion to intervene out of time and issued a final authorization to Sabine Pass to export LNG to non-FTA countries. DOE determined that Sierra Club had not demonstrated good cause for seeking to intervene nearly 16 months after the publicallynoticed deadlines. Addressing Sierra Club's argument that FERC's issuance of a FONSI began a "new phase" in the DOE proceeding which made Sierra Club's intervention to address environmental issues timely, DOE noted that Sierra Club was on notice since 2010 of DOE's review of the environmental impact of the proposed LNG export and of DOE's cooperation in FERC's environmental review. Accordingly, DOE rejected Sierra Club's contention that the finalizing of FERC's EA created a "new phase" in the DOE proceeding or that environmental concerns had not been raised in the DOE proceeding "until now". DOE also found that granting Sierra Club's untimely motion to intervene at this late stage of the proceeding could further delay issuance of a final order, and would "unduly prejudice" Sabine Pass. DOE also determined that Sierra Club would not be prejudiced by a denial of its late intervention request since it had raised the identical issues at FERC concerning the adequacy of the EA, and could seek judicial review of FERC's orders.
Finally, DOE determined that Sierra Club had not demonstrated the inadequacy of FERC's EA. Based on its independent review of the administrative record compiled by FERC, including the EA, DOE found that FERC had examined all of the reasonably foreseeable impacts of the LNG export project, and that the EA provided DOE a "complete picture" of the environmental impacts to enable DOE to meet itsNEPA responsibilities. In this regard, DOE accepted and adopted FERC's determination that induced shale gas production is not a reasonably foreseeable effect of the LNG export project for purposes of its NEPA analysis.
DOE's Order No. 2961-A finalizes the long-term authorization granted to Sabine Pass to export domestically-sourced LNG to non-FTA nations, and is the first such authorization issued by DOE. The Sabine Pass project has now received authorization from both FERC and DOE. The FERC authorization is subject to judicial review by Sierra Club to litigate its NEPA arguments concerning the sufficiency of the EA. Sierra Club may also seek rehearing of DOE's denial of intervention. Sierra Club is likely to continue to pursue its NEPA arguments about the need to broadly consider the cumulative and indirect environmental impacts of upstream shale gas production in DOE and FERC proceedings involving other LNG export projects. Judicial review of these orders could have broader implications regarding the scope of agencies' analyses of indirect and cumulative impacts under NEPA.
The nine LNG export projects pending before DOE face other uncertainties as well. Processing of these export applications is on hold at DOE pending issuance of a second study that was commissioned by DOE to evaluate the macroeconomic impacts associated with export of U.S. domestic natural gas supplies. The first such study, performed by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, was released in January of 2012. The second study is due out in late summer of this year, and will be posted for public review and comment. Recently, a bi-partisan group of lawmakers including 10 Democrats and 34 Republicans from Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma sent a joint letter to DOE urging the agency to proceed with processing pending applications. A copy of the letter can be obtained here. DOE will review the studies and comments, and then determine what action, if any, to take concerning the pending applications, such as imposing a volumetric cap or percentage of supply limit on the amount of LNG that can be exported from the U.S.
Van Ness Feldman's nationally recognized Natural Gas and LNG Practice is experienced in addressing complex legal and federal policy questions that often arise in the development of natural gas projects, including LNG import and export projects. The firm's professionals have been at the forefront of every major development in the LNG industry since the 1970's. For additional information regarding this order, or any other energy-related federal activity, please contact John Burnes, John Buchovecky, Lawrence Acker, Brian O'Neill, Janna Chesno, or any member of the firm'sNatural Gas or LNG Practice Groups at (202) 298-1800.
Earlier this year, Van Ness Feldman expanded its capabilities by combining practices with the Seattle law firm ofGordonDerr LLP, a preeminent real estate, land use, water law, and civil litigation firm in the Pacific Northwest. Learn more at www.vnf.com.
Duncan M. Greene


text:
ATL-2015-10-31 Dina Bandhu dasa
Caitanya Caritamrita Madhya 9.175-178
Listen to Dina Bandhu dasa's lecture on texts 175-178 of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, Madhya-Lila, chapter 9, entitled "Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's Travels to the Holy Places", given on October 31, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. Sri Caitanya Caritamrta is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the glorious birth and life of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu (regarded as the YUGA Avatar of Lord Sri Krishna) and His devotees. The English translation and commentary of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-30 Tamohara dasa SB10.78.34-36
Listen to Tamohara dasa's lecture on texts 34-36 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 78, entitled "The Killing of Dantavakra, Viduratha, and Romaharsana" given on October 30, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
Listen to Dharmaraja dasa's lecture on texts 29-33 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "The Killing of Dantavakra, Viduratha, and Romaharsana" given on October 29, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-28 Madan Mohana dasa
Listen to Madan Mohan dasa's lecture on texts 21-28 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 78, entitled "The Killing of Dantavakra, Viduratha, and Romaharsana" given on October 28, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-27 Sukhada devi dasi SB10.78.17-20
Listen to Sukhada devi dasi's lecture on texts 17-20 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 78, entitled "The Killing of Dantavakra, Viduratha, and Romaharsana" given on October 27, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-26 Nagaraja dasa SB10.78.4-16
Listen to Nagaraja dasa's lecture on texts 4-16 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 78, entitled "The Killing of Dantavakra, Viduratha, and Romaharsana" given on October 26, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-25
Sarvaisvarya Krsna dasa
Listen to Sarvaishvarya Krsna dasa's lecture on October 25, 2015, at the Hare Krishna Temple in Alachua, Florida during the Sunday Feast program. This recording was brought to you by Krishna.com.
Pundarika Vidyanidhi dasa
Listen to Pundarika Vidyanidhi dasa's lecture on texts 167-174 of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, Madhya-Lila, chapter 9, entitled "Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's Travels to the Holy Places", given on October 24, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. Sri Caitanya Caritamrta is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the glorious birth and life of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu (regarded as the YUGA Avatar of Lord Sri Krishna) and His devotees. The English translation and commentary of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-23 HH Bhakti Nityananda Maharaja
Talk on Srila Prabhupada
Listen to HH Bhakti Nityananda Maharaja's lecture on Srila Prabhupada, given on October 23, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. This class was brought to you by Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-22 Dharmaraja dasa SB10.78.1-3
Listen to Dharmaraja dasa's lecture on texts 1-3 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 78, entitled "The Killing of Dantavakra, Viduratha, and Romaharsana" given on October 22, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
Listen to Puskara dasa's lecture on texts 33-37 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "Lord Krishna Slays the Demon Salva" given on October 21, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-20 Akuti devi dasi SB10.77.32
Listen to Akuti devi dasi's lecture on text 32 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "Lord Krishna Slays the Demon Salva" given on October 20, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-19 Trivikrama dasa SB10.77.31
Listen to Trivikrama dasa's lecture on text 31 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "Lord Krishna Slays the Demon Salva" given on October 19, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
HH Bhakti Svarup Caitanya Maharaja
Listen to HH Bhakti Svarup Caitanya Maharaja's lecture on October 17, 2015, at the Hare Krishna Temple in Alachua, Florida during the Sunday Feast program. This recording was brought to you by Krishna.com.
Listen to HH Bhakti Svarup Caitanya Maharaja's lecture on texts 159-166 of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, Madhya-Lila, chapter 9, entitled "Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's Travels to the Holy Places", given on October 17, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. Sri Caitanya Caritamrta is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the glorious birth and life of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu (regarded as the YUGA Avatar of Lord Sri Krishna) and His devotees. The English translation and commentary of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-15 Bhadra dasa SB10.77.19-24
Listen to Bhadra dasa's lecture on texts 19-24 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "Lord Krishna Slays the Demon Salva" given on October 15, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-14 HH Bhakti Svarupa Caitanya Maharaja SB10.77.12-18
Listen to HH Bhakti Svarupa Caitanya Maharaja's lecture on texts 12-18 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "Lord Krishna Slays the Demon Salva" given on October 14, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-13 Prana Govinda dasa
Listen to Prana Govinda dasa's Evening Class on Jaiva Dharma, given on the evening of October 13, 2015, at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. This class was brought to you by Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-13 Chaturatma dasa SB10.77.10-11
Listen to Chaturatma dasa's lecture on texts 10-11 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "Lord Krishna Slays the Demon Salva" given on October 13, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-12 Madan Mohana dasa SB10.77.4-9
Listen to Madan Mohana dasa's lecture on texts 4-9 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "Lord Krishna Slays the Demon Salva" given on October 12, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
Listen to Akuti devi dasi's lecture on October 11, 2015, at the Hare Krishna Temple in Alachua, Florida during the Sunday Feast program. This recording was brought to you by Krishna.com.
ATL 2015-10-10 Dhruva Maharaja dasa
Listen to Dhruva Maharaja dasa's lecture on texts 156-158 of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, Madhya-Lila, chapter 9, entitled "Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's Travels to the Holy Places", given on October 10, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. Sri Caitanya Caritamrta is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the glorious birth and life of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu (regarded as the YUGA Avatar of Lord Sri Krishna) and His devotees. The English translation and commentary of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-09 Isana dasa SB10.77.1-3
Listen to Isana dasa's lecture on texts 1-3 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 77, entitled "Lord Krishna Slays the Demon Salva" given on October 9, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-08 Laksminatha dasa SB10.76.28-33
Listen to Laksminatha dasa's lecture on texts 28-33 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 75, entitled "The Battle Between Salva and the Vrishnis" given on October 8, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-07 Dravida dasa SB10.76.18-27
Listen to Dravida dasa's lecture on texts 18-27 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 75, entitled "The Battle Between Salva and the Vrishnis" given on October 7, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
Listen to Prana Govinda dasa's Evening Class on Jaiva Dharma, given on the evening of October 6, 2015, at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. This class was brought to you by Krishna.com.
Listen to Krsna Kesava dasa's lecture on texts 13-17 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 75, entitled "The Battle Between Salva and the Vrishnis" given on October 6, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-05 Madan Mohana dasa SB10.76.6-12
Listen to Madan Mohana dasa's lecture on texts 6-12 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 75, entitled "The Battle Between Salva and the Vrishnis" given on October 5, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
Dravida dasa
Listen to Dravida dasa's lecture on October 4, 2015, at the Hare Krishna Temple in Alachua, Florida during the Sunday Feast program. This recording was brought to you by Krishna.com.
ATL 2015-10-03 Dina Bandhu dasa
Listen to Dina Bandhu dasa's lecture on texts 147-155 of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, Madhya-Lila, chapter 9, entitled "Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's Travels to the Holy Places", given on October 3, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. Sri Caitanya Caritamrta is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the glorious birth and life of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu (regarded as the YUGA Avatar of Lord Sri Krishna) and His devotees. The English translation and commentary of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-02 Nagaraja dasa SB10.76.1-5
Listen to Nagaraja dasa's lecture on texts 1-5 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 75, entitled "The Battle Between Salva and the Vrishnis" given on October 2, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-01 Maitreya dasa SB10.75.34-40
Listen to Maitreya dasa's lecture on texts 34-40 of the Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana), canto 10, chapter 75, entitled "Duryodhana Humiliated" given on October 1, 2015 at the Hare Krishna temple in Alachua, Florida. The Srimad-Bhagavatam is a sacred Vaishnava text from India that narrates the history of God (Krishna) and His devotees. It is translated with elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam is available for sale at Krishna.com.
ATL-2015-10-31 Dina Bandhu dasa Caitanya Caritam...
ATL-2015-10-28 Madan Mohana dasa SB10.78.21-28
ATL-2015-10-25 Sarvaisvarya Krsna dasa Sunday ...
ATL 2015-10-24 Pundarika Vidyanidhi dasa Caita...
ATL-2015-10-23 HH Bhakti Nityananda Maharaja Tal...
ATL-2015-10-18 HH Bhakti Svarup Caitanya Maharaj...
ATL 2015-10-17 HH Bhakti Svarup Caitanya Maharaja...
ATL-2015-10-14 HH Bhakti Svarupa Caitanya Maharaja...
ATL-2015-10-13 Prana Govinda dasa Jaiva Dharma Class
ATL-2015-10-11 Akuti devi dasi Sunday Feast Le...
ATL 2015-10-10 Dhruva Maharaja dasa Caitanya ...
ATL-2015-10-04 Dravida dasa Sunday Feast Lecture
ATL 2015-10-03 Dina Bandhu dasa Caitanya Cari...


Over the past few weeks the temperatures across the entire country have dropped dramatically. With -23 temps with the wind chill as the norm, there are a few things that I have made sure I had available at the barn for both my horse and myself when I go to ride. It is difficult to motivate myself to go ride and keep up with my horse's routine in times like these, so anything I can do to make my visit to the barn more enjoyable, I am all in!
My first must-have is a heated water bucket for my guy. Even though he is not sweating from the heat, encouraging him to drink water in the winter months is still super important, and frozen buckets of water surely won't help. I love the Heated Flatback Bucket. This bucket works great and saves my barn manager from having to chip ice out, and I feel good knowing that that my horse always has ice-free water. The other essential piece for my horse besides his comfy, warm blankets is the Back On Track Western Pad. I have found this really does an excellent job of warming up my horse's cold muscles quickly on a very cold day.
As a western rider, my typical riding attire includes jeans and boots, but my jeans don't provide me with near enough warmth in the bitter cold. I have found that the SmartShape Base Layer Tights are an awesome addition layered under my jeans. I also have added foot warmers to my boots, and those have helped tremendously along with a heavy pair of socks like the Ariat Heavy Duty Sport Socks.
While these essentials don't take away the fact that it is downright cold outside, they definitely help! I'm looking forward to Spring in just 70-something days and counting.


text:
REFLECTION ON EMANCIPATION DAY 2015 – An overview of Cape Slavery
EMANCIPATION DAY – 1 DECEMBER: The majority of the Cape population are descendants of SLAVES and KHOENA INDIGENES whose slave labour and skills built this city, its rural towns and its farmlands. The City of Cape Town and indeed the Western Cape Province owes a great debt to these men and women that are still not properly recognised in the official calendar, nor in public spaces or indeed in the dominant narrative of the making of the city and provinceo.
Today we celebrate Emancipation Day (1 December 1834) and the long tradition of exercising liberty slave descendants once more walked, sang, played musical instruments, laughed, cried and prayed on their way last night from the Old Quarry in Strand Street to the Castle in Cape Town. While it is understood that neither a City nor a Province can declare a National Public Holiday, I do feel that this date should be marked as an official commemorative day on the provincial calendar and an official statement of remembrance and commemoration be issued each year. This is well within the powers of the City and Province which unfortunately continue to overlook the importance of emancipation from slavery as an integral part of the heritage of the majority of citizens in this part of the country.
From the time of the first visitations to the southern tip of Africa by Europeans in the late 1400s, these visits impacted on indigene peoples in many ways. But from the early 1600s it made an indelible impact that caused the local population to adopt new modes of living and new economic activity. From 1653 the importation of slaves caused further impact as slaves sought refuge amongst indigenes and later indigenes themselves began to be enslaved through use of apprenticeship and indenture mechanisms.
The impact most noticeably occurred first amongst the Goringhaiqua and then amongst the Cochoqua. Later maroons deserted these groups and formed a new and relatively settled community who lived along the seashore and on the banks of the Camissa – a fresh water river running from Table Mountain (Hoerikwaggo) into the sea at Table Bay (Hu Gais). Today the river still runs underground, as much as the history, heritage and identity of people labelled 'Coloured' was farced underground. This maroon group of indigenes known as the Goringhaicona kept some cattle and also harvested seafood, but a core activity that had emerged over just a few decades was to service the ever more frequent passing European vessels with fresh water and meat supplies. Some Europeans called them the 'Watermen' because of this activity. They under two successive leaders – Chief Xhore and Chief Autshumaowere the true founders of proto-city of Cape Town and the free resfreshment station for passing ships. The van Riebeeck settlement established in 1652 effectively took over this enterprise and he was incorrectly ascribed the title of founder of the city. Historical record shows that Autshumao travelled to Jakarta with the English, who then established the first refreshment station under Autshumao and 30 of his followers on Robben Island. He later asked to be removed back to the mainland where he and his followers set themselves up on the banks of the Camissa River to continue serving the passing ships.
It was this settlement that played host to van Riebeeck whilst he built his fort in the winter of 1652. The first attempt by the English to establish such a settlement in 1642 using Chief Xhore and a group of Newgate Convicts was not successful and Chief Xhore lost his life to the Dutch some years later. Thus in 1652 the entrepreneurial Autshumao and his people were ousted from their enterprise with the arrival of the United Dutch East India Company (VOC) under Jan van Riebeeck who then took control. The Khoena fought this Dutch control in two bitterly fought resistance wars. After over 160 years of passing ships, the European interaction with the indigenes had suddenly changed to be replaced by conquest but the foothold of the early group of Dutch, German, Nordic and Ambonese VOC officials was shaky. The environment was wild and hostile and there was urgent need to develop infrastructure and farming which could only be done by bringing in large numbers of SLAVES to do the backbreaking work and to provides artisanal skills.
While a small number of slaves initially arrived from 1653 – 1658 to support senior VOC officials as house servants there was a dramatic increase in numbers of slaves in the years following. A new dynamic emerged at Camissa. Escaped rebel slaves were accepted and assisted by dispossessed Khoena resisters and in the quest for freedom the foundation of a new class of people began to emerge on the embankment of the Camissa in the shadow of the VOC fort and spread into the interior. The last of the rebel Khoena wars under Klaas and David Stuurman took place over the first two decades of the 1800s. This footprint of Camissa people (former slaves, indigenes, amaXhosa allies and a few non-conformist European rebels) spread across South Africa and would later be labelled 'COLOURED'.
From the late 1500s European shipping to South East Asia dramatically increased with the Cape of Good Hope playing host to the passing ships which needed fresh water and meat for their long voyage.
In 1602 the United Dutch East India Company (VOC) was formed and soon they had set up bases in Myanmar – Thailand – Vietnam – Cambodia – Malaysia – Indonesia – Timor – Philippines – Japan – Formosa and South China. By 1652 they set up at the Cape of Good Hope as a halfway station to their VOC capital at Batavia (Jakarta).
They traded in silk, spices and SLAVES destined to build the infrastructure of the new European colonies.
The first slaves at the Cape came from India / Bengal, but within a short while they were joined by slaves from South East Asia, Africa and Madagascar. Between 1653 and 1808 around 63 000 (researched by Dr Robert Shell) and from 1808 – 1856 at least 8 000 more Prize Slaves were brought to the Cape. Slaves from Africa and Madagascar numbered around 42 150, Slaves from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh numbered around 17 350; and slaves from South East Asia numbered around 13 500 drawn from the Indonesian Archipelago, Arakan Myanmar, Thailand, Hanoi Vietnam, Malaysia, Southern China and Formosa, Philippines and Borneo. Most became slaves due to being war, captured by pirates or through debt bondage systems in the east and in Africa villages were plundered by slave traders captives who captured slaves and sold them to large holding stations.
The very first slave that arrived in the Cape was Abraham van Batavia who had the misfortune of being a stowaway on a ship coming to the Cape.
he first people to brought to the Cape were largely a number of women and mainly from India, Bangladesh and Madagascar. The Dutch VOC officials had become use to having servants to do their cleaning, washing and cooking – this was the start of Domestic Service in South Africa which is still an entrenched culture of the lower middle classes right up to the super rich.
Eva van Madagascar, Jan Bruyn (3 years old) and Anthony van Madagascar arrived in 1654. Maria van Bengal arrived in 1655. Then Kleine Eva van Madagascar, Myndert van Antongil, Catharina van Bengal, Espaniola van Madagascar arrived in 1656. Also in 1656 two young captive Abyssinian princesses were gifted to Maria van Riebeeck as slaves by a passing French Captain. They were Cornelia van Abyssinia (10) and Lysbeth van Abyssinia (12). They joined the young Khoena girl Kratoa in domestic service in the van Riebeeck household. (All 3 are part of my family tree) Catharina van Paliacatte, Angela van Bengal and Domingo van Bengal arrived in 1657. Another Maria van Bengal arrived in 1658.
These 15 people, 8 women, 4 men, 2 girls and 1 boy were the first slaves that joined a number of indigene Khoena women and girls, the most notable being Krotoa Goringhaiqua (Eva van Meerhof) as house slaves doing domestic service.
The first large shiploads of slaves arrived in 1658 with 308 surviving slaves on board. The Amersfort had 180 surviving slaves and the Hasseldt had 228 surviving slaves of the original numbers captured when the Dutch overpowered the Portuguese in a sea battle. The Amersfort originally captured 500 Angolan slaves, seized 230 and left the others adrift on the severely damaged Portuguese ship. Those seized were mainly children and 50 more died or were tossed overboard before reaching the Cape.
The Hasseldt obtain 271 slaves from the Grande Popo in Benin but 43 had died at sea on the journey. Over the next couple of months many of the sickly captives died at the Cape. Some were put back on ships to be sold in Batavia and the rest were to live out their lives as slaves at the Cape.
In official histories slavery is usually given just a cursory mention and then collectively slaves are always incorrectly called MALAY SLAVES. Without the slaves the VOC would never have achieved building Cape Town and its farmlands. Slaves brought to the Cape included people from these locations:
FROM INDIA, BENGAL & SRI LANKA: Surat, Bombay, Goa, Calicat, Cochin, Tuticorin, Malabar, Coromandel, Negapatnum, Tranquebar, Pondicherry, Palacat, Masulpatam, Colombo, Galle, Bengal
FROM SOUTH EAST ASIA: Arakan, Burma (Myanmar), Siam (Thailand), Tonkin (Hanoi Vietnam), Malacca (Malaysia), Macao, Deshima (Japan), Formosa, China, Indonesian Archipelago (Borneo, Celebes, Ternate, Ambon, Banda, Roma, Boeton, Moloccas, Rambon, Boegies, Timor, Alor, Solor, Bima, Bali, Soembawa, Java, Madoera, Flores, Sumatra, Djambi, Nias, Padang)
FROM AFRICA & MADAGASCAR: Benin, Guinea, Angola, Mozambique (including southern Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia), Mombasa, Zanzibar, Madagascar (Antogil Bay, Sante Marie, Manajari, Matitana, Augustine Bay, Radama Bay)
When one can see the extent of the diversity of slavery and its bond with indigenes, one can begin to come to an understanding of how over time a new creole people were shaped in the Western Cape. The shorthand in official history books fails to take proper cognisance of this powerful coming together of peoples of colour.
Only a few slaves ever got to keep their own names – most were given names either by slave traders or by those to whom they were sold. These given names became surnames in the future. Other surnames evolved from first names. The months of the year indicating month of birth was one type of slave name; others included topo-nyms (places or slaver stations from where the slaves had been brought), other Geographic names, Classical Greek and Roman names, Facetious names, Biblical names, Names of Masters, names of Moods.
EXAMPLES: September, van Batavia, Canton, Plato, Titus, Snuffelaar, Contant, Moses, Karelse, Geluk etc. First generation creole slaves born in the Cape usually would carry the father's first or second name plus the name van der Kaap (or van Cabo).
What were the conditions of slavery? Slaves were bought or sold as possessions of Masters & Mistresses (often by auction). Slaves enjoy no marital rights. Slaves had no control over their children or their destiny. Some slaves were subject of breeding practices by Masters. Slaves who practised animist, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist or Catholic beliefs were not allowed to do so (but these continued secretly). Because of a sunset clause to their enslavement if adherents to the Christian Reformed Church, slave owners discouraged baptism (the authorities were divided on this issue). Slaves were not allowed shoes and had no freedom of movement. Controls were exerted over what clothes slaves could wear. Food was rationed and largely offal and unwanted parts of animals and fowls. Slaves worked for no remuneration and had no choice in what they had to do and work ranged from housework, backbreaking public works such as roadbuilding and bush clearing, farming fieldwork as well as skilled craftsmen's work. Slaves were subject to harsh and cruel punishments including rape, various tortures, scourging's, crushing of bones, mutilation of body parts, depravations, and death by fire, drowning, garrotting, dismembering, crucifixion and impalement. In the administration of justice the word of a slave in terms of leading evidence could not carry weight.
There were VOC Company slaves and there were slaves in private hands: – Throughout the slavery period the VOC and its officials was the largest slave owner and the company Slave Lodge bordering the Company Gardens was built to house over 1000 slaves. Company slaves were marshalled and controlled by a regimented and hierarchical system. The Slave Lodge also informally acted as a brothel for company officials. It was a dark, dingy and damp hell hole, with a small school, hospital and quarters for the mentally ill. Slaves in Private Ownership fell into different categories. Urban and Rural, and house slaves and field slaves. Slaves in private ownership were bought either at slave auctions or directly from a ship. There were also slave owner to slave owner deals that were made. Urban conditions were more liberal and often slaves were skilled craftsmen and enjoyed good relationships with the Free Black community. This contrasted harshly with rural slave conditions under cruel and patriarchal masters. Rich owners on large farms replicated to some degree the Company slave regime while smaller farms and less well of farmers and more remote farms held the worst of conditions for slaves. Fieldworker slaves faced the worst conditions.
Punishments were a big part of life for slaves. There were both judicial punishments and private punishments meted out by slave owners. The judicial system was such that in a two-part legal process the second part allowed for "handing over the accused to the torturers so that they may freely make a confession". In the court a slave's word could not be used against a master or mistress. Only in the latter years of slavery was a public advocate for slaves established in the form of a 'Protector's Office'. Over the period 1652 – 1795 over 1400 crucifixions alone were carried out. Crucifixions, impalements, garrotting, drowning, being hanged drawn & quartered, torture on the rack, public death by burning, amputations and dismemberment, floggings, removal of the tongue and so on are recorded. The crimes ranged from running away, petty pilfering, fornication and disrespect to a master or his property – through to assault and murder. Punishment in private hands included tortures of all sorts, floggings and rubbing salt into the wounds, rape, food and sleep deprivation and much more.
From the earliest years of slavery various types of revolt are recorded. Running away and acts of arson were the most prominent acts of revolt. Additionally there were many cases of individuals or small groups of slaves making common cause who turned on their owners and faced assault and murder charges. Over the first 150 years revolt became more daring and graduated from 'boiling over as a result of conditions' to revolt against the institution of slavery. Alongside these developments an abolitionist movement amongst a small minority of the European colonists also emerged.
By far the biggest and most significant Slave Revolt was the armed 'Jij Rebellion' of 1808 led by Louis of Mauritius, a first generation slave brought to the Cape as a 4 year old. Over 326 slaves, including a few indentured Khoena labourers and two Irish sailors participated in an organised rebellion which included a plan to attack the seat of government at the Castle and establish a free black government. The leaders were executed and participants punished after Lord Caledon's Dragoons defeated the rebels at Salt River.
For many years there was a denial about enslavement of indigene Africans or that Indigene South Africans were ever exported in the global slave trade. Much research now shows that this was false projection largely based on the early assertion that indigenes did not want to work and therefore slaves were required in the settlement.
Once the colonists had defeated the Khoena in Table Bay and particular after the devastating smallpox epidemic of 1713 the Khoena were forced to become labourers on settlers farms or were forcibly conscripted into Militias. These Khoena Militias headed by European officers were used to hunt down and exterminate all adult San people and to take the children captive to work on farms. Slavery of this type was commonplace amongst European frontiersmen. The last Khoena resistance war was in the 1820s and conscription of Khoena youth into Militias was a pivotal cause of the resistance. The issue of military conscription divided the Khoena and its impacts last to this day. It also caused a huge rift between the San and the Khoena.
Captured amaXhosa and later baTswana and moSotho later had the same fate. As early as Governor Simon van der Stel's time at least one Nguni is recorded amongst Groot Constantia's slave inventory. The later capture and export of slaves to the Americas from Natal is recorded. There is also the very well documented case of a European Mormon family who took an amaGcaleka boy, Gobo Fango, to the USA and made him a slave. Any assessment of Slavery in South Africa cannot only focus on imported slaves. Slavery was most certainly also a condition that indigenes were subjected to.
Slavery in the Cape is almost completely drowned out by the European colonial narrative and sites of memory in Cape Town a source of great grievance by slave descendants who make up the majority of the local population. Many tragic events go completely unrecognised in public life and public spaces. There are too many events to mention, but one of these were the 1713 outbreak of smallpox which decimated the slave, Free Black and Khoena populations reducing these dramatically and altering history. Another of these events was the wreck of the slaver ship San Jose in 1794 with 500 slaves on board just off Clifton beach. It is estimated that 212 slaves drowned with their shackles and the survivors were sold locally. The ship was bound for South America.
And so we come to this event that we celebrate today…. EMANCIPATION. Throughout the period of slavery there was the practice of manumission which under very tight regulation allow for a slave to be freed by their master or for the slave or someone else to pay for their freedom. The numbers of manumissions increased dramatically in the 1820s. Over the entire period a Free Black population emerged from freed slaves and from free persons of colour who had migrated to the Colony to work or trade. Then the beginning of the end came when the Slave Trade and Slavery on the High Seas was brought to an end after the abolitionist struggle had resulted in anti-slavery legislation being passed in the British Parliament in 1808. This led to the passing of the Act of Abolition of Slavery throughout the British Colonies in 1833 in the British Parliament.
The British Crown decreed that Emancipation should enacted the Cape on 1 December 1834 and that a conditional apprenticeship of 4 years be instituted to manage the freedom process. All slaves therefore would be fully free in 1838. But for those 'Prize Slaves' undergoing 14 year Apprenticeships their full freedom would take up to 1870, as 'Prize Slaves' continued to arrive until 1856. The last 'Prize Slaves' arrived in 1890 when the Oromo slaves were brought here by the British Royal Navy and were sent for schooling to the Lovedale Mission.
After the ending of slavery the most primitive of wage-labour systems was quickly introduced with the result of watering down the freedom from slavery – the Indentured Labour system and Apprenticeship system. The legacy of this persisted right through to the imposition of the Apartheid State and beyond as these metamorphosed into the Migrant Labour and Pass Law system and then into the Labour Brokering system. This also created an industry for previous Slave Traders. From 1838 indentured workers were transported into South Africa to work on farms and mines and in service from St Helena, Bechuanaland, the Rhodesian territories, Mozambique, Lesotho, Swaziland, India, Bengal, and from rural South African villages. Their labour was cheaply rewarded and those trafficking these people took a large share of what employers paid. Indentured workers often stayed in crude hostel accommodation. It was very little different from slavery. Between 1808 and 1856 'Prise Slaves' brought to South Africa by the Royal Navy after 'liberating' them from Slave Trader ships were forced to undergo 14 year Apprenticeships which were also very similar to slave conditions.
Slaves brought to South Africa came from a great variety of locations in Africa and Asia and had a range of religious beliefs, traditions, languages, music, dance, cuisine, clothes, and other cultural attributes. The popular humble Chilli in our cuisine is owed to slaves. Over time through the coming together of Slaves, Indigenes, Europeans and other Migrants from around the world a creolisation of cultures emerged in the language of Afrikaans, the impact on English and Indigenous languages, the use of musical instruments and the making of music, on dance, on the emerge of an Afro-Asian fusion cuisine and in many of our manifestations of faith. South African eating habits and the use of spices and rice in the Cape most especially his highly been influence by India and South East Asia.U
n the Cape the greatest symbol of our tapestry of cultural roots is the Ghoema Drum and Ghoema beat. It derives from African, Asian and Malagasy sources and the word evolved from Ngoma the east and southern African name for Drum. The way of the drum (ngoma) is a description for the ngoma faith of which most people only know the term Sangoma. The Mazbiekers slaves brought the term ngoma to the Cape with their drumming and locally it became GHOEMA…. The creolisation of NGOMA.
Our story on Cape Slavery would not be complete without looking at its modern form which continues into the present – HUMAN TRAFFICKING. Slavery has not disappeared, it has simply changed form. Human Trafficking and People Smuggling, some forms of Labour Brokering, Shipping agency practices, Sweatshops, Brothels, Nightclubs and the sex industry in general, some Farms, Drug Mules, Brides for Sale, Harvesting and sale of body parts, War captives, Use of children as soldiers and terrorists, are all forms of modern slavery.
In a city such as Cape Town it is likely that within every 6 kilometres from where you are located that there is someone being held in bondage and being forced into sex work under various guises or in bonded labour in sweatshop conditions. Brides for sale, drug mules and all of the other practices mentioned continue right under our noses.
This has just been an introduction on Cape Slavery and why we celebrate Emancipation Day, and indeed why this day should be given some official status by the City and Province. There is so much more that could be shared.
Please feel free to come visit the Asirawan Siam Healing House and the SA-Thai Slave Heritage Reflection Centre and Thai Spa at our home in West Beach, Bloubergstrand. More information at http://www.asirawanshh.com
These involve persons brought in from far off places including India and Bangladesh, South East Asia, China, Eastern Europe and from other African countries. It also involves South Africans who are spirited from one part of the country to another. The vast majority of modern slaves are women and children.
VAN RIEBEECK & THE SOUTH EAST ASIAN CONNECTION TO THE CAPE
After 1602 through to the end of the 17th century the Dutch entered an old trading network in South East Asia between powerful Kingdoms and other external parties – Arab, Chinese and Portuguese known as the Nusantara wherein everything from Javanese horses to silk, spice, Martaban jars and food products were traded. This linked Kingdoms in Siam (Thailand), Myanmar, Tonkin (Vietnam), Cambodia, Laos, and Bengal, with Japan, Batavia, Sri Lanka, Formosa, Taiwan and other Dutch stations. The Dutch outpost factories at Ayatthuya (Siam), Tonkin (Vietnam), Zeelandia Castle in Taiwan and Dejima in Japan were particularly connected by the Dutch trade in Silk for silver and the Dutch controlled shipping between these centres. But this trade and trading links were dominated by crooked merchants who conducted insider-trading which undermined the Dutch United East India Company (VOC), their employer. For instance every time the VOC discovered that the head of mission at Tonkin was corrupt, he would be dismissed and replaced only to find that the next head would also be corrupt.
This South East Asian scenario was to have a direct influence on the fortunes of the Cape of Good Hope, because of the destiny of one of those corrupt officials – Jan van Riebeeck. Thus the connection of slaves from Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam (Tonkin) who appear in our heritage records at the Cape is not the only dynamic linkage. Most people do not know of the Jan van Riebeeck story of his connection to Vietnam, Thailand and Japan.
The see note below article – what is the real image of Jan van Riebeeck
The heads of mission or Directors of the factories were actually just petty lower middle-ranking personalities in the vast VOC commercial empire and the Tonkin factory was made up of one director (chief merchant), one assistant-director, one bookkeeper, one surgeon (an official charged with doing amputatins), several assistants including merchants, and a company of soldiers.
As the first director of the Tonkin factory Carel Hartsnick started off in 1637 and was succeeded by Antonio van Brouckhorst who when he finished his service, recommended one of the younger merchants, a certain Jan van Riebeeck as his successor, because he best understood and conversed in the Vietnamese language. But Jan van Riebeeck was then found by the VOC to have been involved in the self-enrichment smuggling racket of private dealing at the expense of the VOC. He was thus dropped as successor to the first Director, dismissed and sent back to the Netherlands in disgrace. The Directorship was then given to Director Jan de Groot, who was later found to have also developed a vast smuggling network of illicit trade between the Ayattuya, Tonkin, Dejima routes, amassing considerable wealth for himself and undermining the VOC interests. He too was removed, and the next director, Philip Schillemans, proved to be both incompetent and unable to root out corruption. Tonkinese silk was continuously smuggled to Nagasaki by VOC officials who made huge fortunes. This chain of corruption ultimately led to the demise of the Tonkin factory in Vietnam. The Dutch later fared equally badly in Thailand and in Japan.
The successor interim director at Tonkin, Jacob Keijser was also found to be corrupt as was his successor Baron and so was Verdonk who succeeded him. Epitaphs for van Riebeeck, through to Verdonk all sang their praises as pious upstanding religious men of great virtue. The record says different.
Jan van Riebeeck while still in Japan was already scheming to get involved in an entrepreneurial venture of acquiring animal hides from the Cape of Good Hope and exporting these. Then on his voyage of disgrace from Tonkin back to Europe, in stopping off at the Cape of Good Hope in 1651 he developed a pitch to the VOC executives to establish a Dutch controlled half-way house for serving shipping fleets on their way to the east. A year later in 1652 the disgraced Jan van Riebeeck, one of the company of Tonkin rogues, was given the chance to redeem himself by leading the quest to take over the service role of local inhabitants to international shipping which for 40 years had been formally managed first by Chief Xhore and then Chief Autshumao who established the first proto service settlements on the mainland and at Robben Island.
Both had been taken abroad by the British to London and Batavia respectively for 'training'. Prior to 1613 for 130 years Europeans of all nationalities had been stopping off at the Cape and were informally serviced by whomever they met from indigene communities. The notion of the 1652 settlement founding Cape Town is an erroneous one albeit that the arrival of the man of Vietnam infamy was an important moment in history. The quest to establish a European service base at the Cape had been tried before by the British in 1614 when they attempted a settlement comprised of released Newgate prisoners, which failed after three years. Jan van Riebeeck kept up his South East Asian interests while at the Cape of Good Hope and then returned to Batavia after a decade at the Cape, and is buried there.
Our history and heritage is closely bound to the Dutch United East India Company and to South East Asia, through slavery and the Dutch United East India Company (VOC) but most people today do not know about these deep ties. Most of those who hail Jan van Riebeeck as a super hero and founder of South Africa actually know very little about him and the history outlined here or the territories and Dutch imperial interests that the Dutch settlement at the Cape supported.
(The picture popularized in the past of Jan van Riebeeck as appeared on stamps, coins, banknotes etc was of a completely unrelated different man Vermuyden. The picture behind the banknote is the true image of Van Riebeeck.)
Heritage Activist, Story-Teller and Community Educator – Van Anderen
This blog does not seek to project as an academic site or is its content academic, nor is there any claim to content being original research. The author is a heritage activist and community educator intent on bringing often hidden elements of history and heritage to a broader audience together with interpretation. The research contained herein is 70% sourced from secondary research sources, 10% from primary resource materials and 20% from community discourse. No use is made of academic notation protocols, but in keeping with educational norms there is a preferred use of a bibliography and library reference which is less cumbersome in story-telling. This is provided so that readers have recourse to original texts. As a heritage activist the author frames these offerings within an approach which seeks to provide an alternative view of history and heritage contextual to a community seeking our roots, restorative justice and wishing to restore our dignity. -
GENEALOGY SERIES: Bay of Bengal Roots
GENEALOGY SERIES: African-Creole slaves in my roots
GENEALOGY SERIES: Malabar Coast, Kerala, India roots
GENEALOGY SERIES: Madagascar Roots
GENEALOGY SERIES: Sulawezi Indonesian Roots
Ken Eckardt on The 'Manillas' in…
Ken on The 'Manillas' in…
Steve Herbert on The 'Manillas' in…
Walter on The 'Manillas' in…
The Eighth Voice in… on The 'Saints' in ou…
National Heritage Project


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Ink and Slide are Adobe's new digital stylus and ruler
Joseph Keller
In addition to announcing Lightroom for iPhone and Photoshop Mix for iPad today, Adobe also announced two new hardware tools, its new Ink stylus, as well as the Slide ruler. These tools, formerly known as Mighty and Napolean, were originally announced last year. Along with their release, Adobe is launching a pair of iPad apps to take advantage of the new hardware's capabilities.
Both of these tools were made in partnership with Adonit, maker of several tablet styli. Ink is a three-sided aluminum stylus that features pressure sensitivity and connects to Adobe's Creative Cloud, which gives users access to things like photos and color palettes. It also features palm rejection, though it uses the standard method of simply disabling multitouch gestures. Ink works in tandem with Slide in order to create straight lines and precision shapes.
These two accessories are accompanied by the release of two new drawing apps for the iPad. The first is Adobe Sketch. Sketch is a free-hand drawing app that is designed to integrate with Ink, and utilizes a menu activated by using the stylus in order to change tools, colors and more. Share your work on Behance, Twitter, and Facebook. Sketch also features Touch Slide, a digital counterpart to the new Slide ruler, to help you draw perfect shapes and lines using on-screen smart guides and snapping.
Our favorite VPN service is more affordable now than ever before
The second app is Adobe Line. Meant for drawing and drafting with precision, Line can be used to create images with straight lines, geometric shapes, and more. Line also has the same Touch Slide tool as Sketch. Though inteded for use with Adobe's new hardware, Line can be used with just your fingers, of course. The app supports a number of gestures, including two-finger undo and redo, pinch-to-zoom, and two finger panning across the canvas. Just like line you can share your creations on Behance, Twitter, and Facebook.
Both apps are available for free, available from the App Store right now. The Ink stylus and Slide ruler are available as a set from Adobe for the price of $199.99.
Will you be picking up Ink and Slide? Tell us below in the comments.
Free (Adobe Sketch) - Download Now
Free (Adobe Line) - Download Now
A taxing problem
Apple CEO Tim Cook says global tax 'needs to be rehauled'
Tim Cook was speaking in Ireland, the country Apple has been accused of using as a way to avoid paying tax elsewhere.
A big day
Tim Cook and Apple commemorate Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day
Today is Martin Luther King Jr. Day and both Apple and its CEO are commemorating.
On Apple and the FBI regarding privacy, from San Bernardino to Pensacola
We compare two of the most high-profile Apple news stories in recent memory.
Video besties
Great video editing software for your Mac
You don't need to buy expensive video-editing software to get the job done. Here are some of the hottest video-editing software for Mac on the market today.
Get a case now!
Grab one of these cases for your iPhone 11 right now
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It's been a long time since the last time you felt that feeling of love at first sight. Today you'll dust off your heart! The heat and the temperature will rise to a certain point that you'll feel you have a fever. Sparks fly!
Stop surprising yourself and get on with it. Fight for that person that makes you feel alive. Don't attend social considerations, in the case that there is a n age difference between you. Love doesn't understand social standards.
You'll receive the support of people that love you. They see you happier than ever. That person is good for you. Don't take any notice of the opinions of the rest!
Too much time obsessed with your goals has made you lose sight of your family and friends. Some of those people you love so much may be going through economic difficulties of some seriousness.
Let no goal make you lose your humanitarian values. They are the ones that distinguish you and elevate you as a professional, and as a human being! Start your generosity and altruism, they need you more than ever and it's not that you're doing badly financially.
At work, you will have the opportunity to help less experienced colleagues. Do you remember how you received help when you didn't know what to do? Fate puts you now in the position of the teacher.
The dryness of the skin, far from being a mere aesthetic consideration, is a problem for your health. You feel pain and discomfort in areas that you neglect.
That is why it's more than advisable that you apply moisturizing cream to your hands and legs. You don't need the most expensive one of the market; with a mid-range will be enough.
So you should also use sunscreen every time you go outside. Although you believe that a cloudy sky protects you, UVA rays penetrate equally into the skin.


Ram sensed a blow was coming.
Blow was harsher than he anticipated. He'd heard gossips about Keith amongst other bites floating in the staff room such as: marijuana farm inside boys-hostel, the blue pills supply which kept one awake or happy, and the many dalliances of Electronics Lab assistant nicknamed 'Lady Chatterly.' But he'd never believed them until now.
Ram struggled to retain his stoic expression and set to resolve the problem at hand. Problem solving was his core strength, so for the next half hour his brain wires tingled in silence while his scotch warmed. Then he gave his decision with the clinical precision of a dissertation— 'The Practice' must stop. Keith should look for companionship elsewhere. No charges will be made against him as that would involve all the previous conspirators and create a big scandal. Ram shuddered at the thought of faculty and students dishing out moral and emotional arguments if the matter were made public and decided not to start his administration on a tarnished pedestal.
The grief in Keith's eyes on hearing brusque rejection of 'The Practice' troubled Ram. So he decided to put a watch on Keith in campus and limit his out-of-class interactions with the students. He wished to right the injustice done to the boys of previous batches but there was little he could do.
That evening, with head bent and glasses on the tip of his nose, he returned home to his wife, Madhu. She had been present for a few weeks, with alert eyes and chirpy voice. On the day Ram was appointed president she was in her wheel chair, snoozing under the impact of her Alzheimer's medications. But she caught up with him later and since then his days have been good.
He settled her in the wheelchair and took her on their daily walk around the rambling college campus. They crossed the main hall and stopped by his photograph. He was the first student to receive the Gandhi-UGC Grant. It gave him, the son of two migrant laborers, a chance to fulfil his dreams. He finished his graduation, joined the same college as assistant professor, completed his PhD, and became a lecturer. He married his favorite student from the first batch he taught, and after thirty-two years he was playing with his grandchild in the same campus where he had cleaned tables and served tea as a kid.
He repeated the story to Madhu, but she had slept off. Next morning she was gone leaving behind a catatonic stranger. He continued with his routine, coming back home in evenings and reciting his day's events to her. Then he would give her a bath—Madhu would never forgive him if he left that to a nurse—coax her to have food and tuck her in bed. Once a week he talked to their daughter who'd settled in America. On days when his hopes wavered, he took out the green scarf which Madhu had gifted him on their first wedding anniversary and tied it around her wrist. It made her eyes flutter and toes twitch and he knew she was in there telling him that she sees him. That brief contact was the salve for all his broken dreams, for all those trips they had planned together which they would never go to, for all the missed anniversaries and birthdays, for all the silent Diwalis and dark New Years, for a house devoid of sounds of laughter and music. He was the captain of an old ship caught in a deadly storm and those twitching toes and fluttering eyes were his north star giving him courage.
"A bottle of blue pills every month. My name should never come out. Restart 'The Practice,'" said Ram. "Here are the keys to the storage unit where I had kept some of my mother's things. Make some room there and use it for your— your meetings. I've put a tail on you inside the college," he said.
If the ship were to sink, the captain was determined to go down with it.
Very good & expressive short story.


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An Illustrated Quarterly Magazine Devoted to and Illustrative of Spirit Photography, Spirit Paintings, the Photographing of Materialized Forms and Every Form of Spirit Art.
Brooklyn, NY. Publisher: C R. Miller & Co. Editor: C.R. Miller.
1/1, August 1882-Novenber 1883. 48-66 pp., $1.50/year. The first issue is dated on its title page as May but the cover labels the issue August 1882. This was the complement of Miller's Psychometric Circular. 15 engravings "at a minimum" guaranteed in each issue. This is on the fringe of the materialization phase of spiritualism. It featured discussions (with elaborate illustrations) of art produced by the disembodied and of them in their natural garb and habitat, and photographs of spirits with bereaved relatives. The journal featured the work of Wella and Pet Anderson, Col. James Cooper, Dr. L.H. Nason and General J. Winchester on the "Ancient Band" of antediluvian spirits and their communications with modern humanity in ancient script, and gave considerable space to the creative work of Anna Stewart of Terre Haute, Indiana, in mediating spirits capable of being photographed, and to the paintings of the Scot David Duguid. It carried articles by Anna Kimball giving psychometric readings of Anna Stewart's picture of Mary, mother of Jesus and then defended Stewart when the plate was revealed as a drawing of Mary Campbell, James Burns' "Highland Mary." (The journal commented on the exposure: "This belongs to one of the mysteries which are yet to be revealed," hinting at some sort of reincarnation.) There were also contributions by J.M. Roberts, Thomas R. Hazard, and J.V. Mansfield, and a photograph of Susie Willis Fletcher-all notable advocates of "phenomenal" spiritualism. LOC; NY Historical Society; BL.


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//
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//     the code is regenerated.
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        /// Breadcrumb2 control.
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        /// </summary>
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        /// </remarks>
        protected global::HeuristicaSoluciones.Web.UI.Controls.Breadcrumb codeBehindBreadcrumb;
    }
}


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How Jarmo Kekalainen Built The Blue Jackets
By Ed Francis on August 26, 2020 at 1:35 pm @bluejacketstats
Jarmo Kekalainen has served as general manager of the Columbus Blue Jackets for over seven years.
None of them have been quite like this season though, and with a short schedule before the 2020-21 season begins, this off-season is guaranteed to be a fast-paced frenzy of signings and trades.
What will Kekalainen do? It's the question we all wish we had the answer to. But since we can't answer it yet, let's take a trip down memory lane and revisit the moves Jarmo has made that's got Columbus in position to be a long-term contenders:
After seeing that Sergei Bobrovsky is the real deal, Steve Mason is traded away to Philadelphia. In the first two months of his tenure, it's one of two noteworthy trades Kekalainen made on April 3rd (the trade deadline, due to the lockout-shortened season): He also moved Derek Brassard, Derek Dorsett, and John Moore to the New York Rangers for Marian Gaborik.
At the June draft, Kekalainen uses three first round draft picks to select Alexander Wennberg (14th overall), Kerby Rychel (19th), and Marko Dano (27th). But his best pick? Oliver Bjorkstrand, in the third round.
Just a week after the draft, Bobrovsky is signed to an extension and the Blue Jackets make an at-the-time-splash in free agency, signing Nathan Horton for seven years. It wouldn't work out, as Horton's back gave out on him, but was thought of a brilliant move at the time. Later in the year, Columbus gives extensions to David Savard, Cam Atkinson, and Josh Anderson.
After seeing the Gaborik experiment wasn't going to work, he's traded to Los Angeles for two draft picks (and Matt Fratin). The same day this trade was made, Columbus moves Jonathan Marchessault to the Tampa Bay Lightning. During the offseason, Joonas Korpisalo is signed to a three year deal, RJ Umberger is dealt for Scott Hartnell, and the Blue Jackets take Sonny Milano with their first round pick. Following the draft, it's a quiet offseason for the Blue Jackets. The next noteworthy move comes during the season: A six year extension for Nick Foligno at $33 million.
Foligno wasn't the only extension made during the season. Just two weeks into the new year, Sergei Bobrovsky is locked up for four seasons at $30 million. It would be the last time he signs a contract with the Blue Jackets.
At the 2015 trade deadline, Columbus would acquire William Karlsson from Anaheim for a deal centered around James Wisniewski. In June, the Blue Jackets use the draft to build a defense: Zach Werenski (8th overall), Gabriel Carlsson (29th), Vladislav Gavrikov (159th), and Markus Nutivarra (189th) are all selected in the '15 draft. On the other side of the puck, Columbus used a second round pick on Kevin Stenlund.
Following the draft, Columbus swings a deal with Chicago for Brandon Saad and immediately sign him to a six year contract. Anisimov, Dano, Corey Tropp, and Jeremy Morin head to the Blackhawks in exchange for Saad.
Arguably the best move in Kekalainen's tenure, Columbus trades Ryan Johansen to Nashville for Seth Jones in January. Johansen and new coach John Tortorella don't mesh, and Columbus is able to acquire who would become one of the leagues best defenseman in return. The Blue Jackets exit the draft with Pierre-Luc Dubois and Andrew Peeke part of the organization, and lock up Jones long-term. The pieces are starting to build.
Columbus stays relatively quiet at the deadline, acquiring Kyle Quincey from New Jersey and Lauri Korpikoski from Dallas to fill a couple of gaps. Alexandre Texier (45th overall) and Emil Bemstrom (117th) are selected in the draft. Later in the year, multi-year extensions are given to Atkinson, Anderson, and Wennberg.
The biggest move of the year? No doubt about it: On June 23rd, Kekalainen pulls the trigger on a trade centered around returning Saad back to Chicago. In return? Artemi Panarin, who would help propel the franchise beyond the first round of the playoffs for the first time in franchise history.
Perhaps the most quiet year in Jarmo's tenure. Thomas Vanek, Ian Cole, and Jussi Jokinen are traded for at the deadline as short-term rentals, and Columbus would bring Eric Robinson into the organization prior to the end of the season. Months later, Kekalainen selects Liam Foudy with the teams first round pick and Kirill Marchenko in round two. Riley Nash and Anthony Duclair are brought in as free agents during the summer. The extensions of 2018 are noteworthy, however: Nutivarra, Bjorkstrand, Murray are all given extensions, as are Boone Jenner and Dean Kukan.
Columbus goes all-in. With Bobrovsky and Panarin on expiring contracts, Kekalainen decides to keep them both - and then acquire Matt Duchene, Ryan Dzingel, and Adam McQuaid at the deadline. The move would cost the Blue Jackets several draft picks and prospects, but would prove to pay-off with a first round sweep of the Stanley Cup favorite Tampa Bay Lightning. More extensions are given, this time with Columbus locking up Murray and Gavrikov for two more years, Werenski, Bemstrom, and Andrew Peeke for three seasons. Gustav Nyquist joins via free agency on a friendly deal.
How the year plays out remains to be seen, but Kekalainen was productive during the pause, signing both Korpisalo and Elvis Merzlikins to two-year extensions. One of the biggest questions that could soon have an answer: Do the Blue Jackets move one of them for some much-needed goal scoring?