What did Jesus mean when He said, "your faith has saved you"? Tune in to find out!
Quote Of The Night >> "I'd rather be in an unfamiliar situation but with a familiar God who is with me and goes before me."
How would we act if we fully understood who God is and that He can actually walk with us throughout every moment of our lives?
Quote Of The Night >> "You can't serve two masters. There's a throne on your heart and Jesus has to sit on it."
We are shifting gears this week with a simple yet life changing message. Join us as we get back to the basics!
Quote Of The Night >> "You made a decision that day to make a decision everyday that you are going to be a slave to Christ The Lord most high."
Merry Christmas Eve Story! Join us for our Sunday night experience online! So gather your friends & fam, grab that hot cocoa & cozy by the fire as we spend Christmas Eve together from wherever you are today.
Massive shoutout to our AMAZING volunteers for spending so much time & effort putting this killa video together!
HOLD UP WAIT A MINUTE, what do you mean God uses the natural to achieve the supernatural? Tune in to find out how!
Quote Of The Night >> "God will make a way for people, but He will always send other people to lead the way."
Sometimes it is hard to see the silver lining in what seems like an unbearable season. However, this week at Story we gauged the importance of trusting in God through every season.
Quote Of The Night >> "In order to be used by God tomorrow, we need to follow Him today."
This week, we dove into trusting in the process of staying on track with God through every season.
Quote Of The Night >> "The season does not dictate your journey."
Here at Story, we are living life in victory and we'd love for you to join!
Quote Of The Night >> "Victory does not depend on my circumstances, it depends on the fact that God is who He says He is and He never changes."
Hey #StoryFam, we just got served! Join us, as we discover what it truly means to serve.
Quote Of The Night >> "Do not serve with your hands if you can't serve with your heart"
Tune in to hear about what it takes to live in unselfish love!
Quote Of The Night>> "Let us never be numb to the message of the cross."
Listen in as we learn more about what it TRULY mean to live a life of unselfish love.
Quote Of The Night>> " Love is the absence of jealous, hate, doubt, selfishness & giving up on others."
This week at Story was remarkable. If you're struggling with unforgiveness then this is the message for you!
Quote Of The Night>> " Compromise is the killer of all dreams."
Join us as we unpack this new season for us at Story Philly called: Story Chapters.
Quote of the night >> "The world is looking for progress, but God is looking of people."
Tonight we have an awesome guest speaker, Chaz Smith share his testimony of shining light in dark places.
Quote of the night >> "The question isn't: 'How will I be delivered?' The question should be: 'Lord, how will You be glorified in this?'"
Hang with the #StoryFam tonight as we dive into the book of Galatians and learn about how God wants to do a new thing in YOUR life, if you let Him!
Quote of the night >> "There is always going to be some bad news, but the Good News is that Jesus stepped down from heaven, clothed Himself in my skin, laid His life down, and hung where I should have been."
Thoughts on Charlottesville: Hate will always exist in this world, but LOVE will always rule. LOVE has a name...and that name is JESUS. Join #Storyfam as we celebrate & propagate His love for humanity. Listen in.
Quote of the night >> "There are people of light & there are people of darkness, that's it."
Tonight at Story we take a journey. P.s. This is a good one & you don't want to miss it!
Quote of the night >> "God wants to speak to you today, and use you tomorrow."
Happy Father's Day from Story Philly! We loved hearing from the dad of the house, Matt Edgar!
Quote of the night >> "If you are not an instrument of change, then you're not in the presence of God."
We're finishing our series on Do You See. And we just have one question for you -- Do you see?
Quote of the night >> "Prayer is not advice from God, prayer is victory through Jesus' name."


Portfolios finally got a reprieve this week as the ASX200 rallied 3.4% (at the time of writing). Reporting season is now in full swing, with big names such as Telstra, CSL, Dominos and CBA reporting already. FNArena have been kind enough to give Livewire readers access to their reporting season monitor, if you want to catch up on results you can find it here: (VIEW LINK) Commsec have an interactive reporting season microsite which also includes a reporting calendar for some of the more widely owned stocks. It's available here: (VIEW LINK). As usual, I have picked out 3 wires from that were published on Livewire this that I found particularly interesting. It might give you some inspirations for some weekend reading. Once again I have thrown in a bonus exclusive from Livewire.
I hope you enjoyed our content this week, and as always, good luck in the markets next week.


text:
Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Горшенёв (7 августа 1973, Пикалёво, Ленинградская область, СССР — 19 июля 2013, Санкт-Петербург, Россия), также известный как Горшо́к, — советский и российский рок-музыкант. Основатель, один из двух фронтменов и вокалистов (вместе с Андреем Князевым) панк-рок-группы «Король и Шут». Автор большей части музыки и некоторых текстов группы.

В 2012—2013 годах — один из создателей и исполнитель главной роли Суинни Тодда в рок-мюзикле TODD.

Старший брат лидера рок-групп «Кукрыниксы» и «Горшенёв» Алексея Горшенёва.

Ранние годы
Михаил Горшенёв родился 7 августа 1973 года в городе Пикалёво Ленинградской области (местом рождения ошибочно считается город Бокситогорск) в семье майора погранвойск Юрия Михайловича Горшенёва (15 января 1951 — 30 августа 2013) и его супруги Татьяны Ивановны (род. 5 сентября 1950). Из-за профессии отца семье приходилось часто переезжать: в основном они жили на Дальнем Востоке. Когда Михаилу было два года, в семье родился младший брат Алексей.

В детстве хотел поступить в военное училище. Когда Михаилу надо было идти в первый класс, семья жила под Хабаровском. Родители решили отправить его учиться в Ленинградскую область к бабушке, в город Бокситогорск. Потом отец был переведён на работу в Ленинград, семья получила квартиру на Ржевке. Из областной школы Горшенёв перешёл в ленинградскую, № 147. Был молчаливым ребёнком, увлекался рисованием. В школьные годы имел прозвище «Гаврила», прозвище «Горшок» получил намного позже. Окончив 8 классов поступил в реставрационное училище, хотел стать художником. В 1989 году в училище познакомился с Андреем Князевым. Проходил практику в Эрмитаже, где получил работу, закончив училище. Эрмитаж выделил реставраторам мастерскую на Миллионной улице, где они организовали первую репетиционную точку группы «Король и Шут». Горшенёв переехал в мастерскую, чтобы не жить с родителями, отношения с которыми стали сложными. Вел образ жизни панка, злоупотреблял алкоголем и героином. Чтобы заработать деньги на музыкальную аппаратуру, Горшенёв и Князев подрабатывали, ремонтируя офисы.

Музыкальная карьера
Вместе с одноклассниками Александром Балуновым (Балу) и Александром Щиголевым (Поручик) в 1988 году основал группу «Контора». Позже к ней присоединился Александр Васильев. В 1989 году пригласил в группу Андрея Князева (Князь) в качестве создателя текстов и второго вокалиста. В связи с тем, что тексты выделялись сказочными мотивами, группа стала называться «Король шутов», позже — «Король и Шут». Первый раз перед публикой группа выступила в 1992 году в здании закрывшегося ленинградского рок-клуба на ул. Рубинштейна, 13

В 2005 году вышел дебютный сольный альбом Михаила Горшенёва — «Я Алкоголик Анархист», трибьют группе Бригадный подряд, песни «Жизнь» и «Соловьи» с которого попали в итоговую сотню хит-парада «Чартова дюжина» за 2005 год. Причиной записи альбома стала дань уважения «Подряду», а также её тогдашнему лидеру Николаю Михайлову, на концертах которых Михаил бывал в юные годы.

Участвовал в петербургском музыкальном проекте «Рок-группа» вместе с Андреем Князевым, Юрием Шевчуком (ДДТ), Ильёй Чёртом («Пилот»), Александром Чернецким («Разные люди») и своим младшим братом Алексеем Горшенёвым («Кукрыниксы»). В 2006 году совместно с Александром «Чачей» Ивановым принял участие в записи новой версии песни «Уроки панк-рока» группы «Бригадный подряд». В 2008 году вместе с Александром Балуновым (бывшим участником группы) принял участие в записи альбома «Drinking with Jesus» группы Red Elvises — песня «Don't Crucify Me» (написана вместе с Игорем Юзовым).

В 2010 году увлёкся театрально-постановочной деятельностью. В процессе работы родилась идея создания театрально-музыкального проекта про маньяка-парикмахера Суини Тодда. Так появился на свет мюзикл «TODD», в который постепенно влились все музыканты группы «Король и Шут». Результатом этого стал выход нового альбома группы, основанного на материале для мюзикла — «TODD. Акт 1. Праздник крови», а позже — «TODD. Акт 2. На краю».

Смерть
Михаил Горшенёв скончался в возрасте 39 лет в ночь с 18 на 19 июля 2013 года в доме № 5 по Озерковскому проспекту Санкт-Петербурга. Причиной смерти стала токсическая кардиомиопатия с развитием острой сердечной недостаточности на фоне употребления алкоголя и морфина.

Гражданская панихида по Михаилу Горшенёву состоялась в понедельник 22 июля в спортивном комплексе «Юбилейный» в Санкт-Петербурге. По некоторым данным, проститься с музыкантом пришло от 7 до 10 тысяч человек, включая его многих коллег по цеху. Тело было кремировано, прах планировали развеять, так как Горшенёв был против любых обрядов захоронения, однако 1 августа прах похоронили на главной аллее Богословского кладбища в Санкт-Петербурге.

Личная жизнь
С 1994 года по 2003 год был женат на Анфисе Крючковой (30 июля 1978 — 31 октября 2009).

С 2005 до 2013 года был женат на Ольге Шаботовой (род. 05 ноября 1981). Дочь — Александра (род. 12 мая 2009). Падчерица — Анастасия Шаботова (род. 3 сентября 1999) — дочь Шаботовой от первого брака.

Примечательной деталью в образе Горшенёва было отсутствие передних зубов. Позднее он протезировал их:

Когда мне было десять лет, я смотрел, как большие парни подтягиваются на турнике. Мне стало интересно: а можно удержаться за турник не руками, а зубами? Я подпрыгнул, попытался укусить железный турник — и выломал себе четыре передних зуба. Позже в драках мне выбили ещё несколько. А от наркотиков остальные зубы довольно сильно испортились. В TaMtAm я пришёл почти совсем беззубый.

С 1990-х годов Горшенёв употреблял героин, вследствие чего перенёс восемь клинических смертей. Несколько раз лечился от наркомании в психиатрических клиниках, где за неделю пребывания терял до 10 кг веса. Несколько раз предпринимал попытки суицида. По воспоминаниям Андрея Князева, в годы жизни с первой женой, с которой они совместно употребляли наркотики, Горшенёв придерживался философии панк-культуры «Живи быстро, умри молодым». Чтобы сохранить их жизни, друзья стали инициаторами разрыва пары.

Любимые компьютерные игры — The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, Gothic и Rome: Total War.

Татуировки
Горшенёв о своих тату в журнале Tattoo Master:

«У меня 5 татуировок. Первую я сделал в 20 лет — Джокера. Страшного, ужасного Джокера. Другая — из оформления нашего первого альбома "Будь как дома, путник" — голова дьявола из дерева вырастает. Ещё татуировка Анархия на кресте. Ещё тату — 7 моих мёртвых друзей в виде черепов: Сид Вишес, Курт Кобейн, Элвис Пресли… ну, их только по причёскам можно узнать. И все мои тату имеют смысл. … Каждая — отдельная история, придуманная мной. Я всё делаю сам — и темы, и эскизы»…

В 2010 году сделал татуировку «А» в окружности (символ анархистов) на груди в районе сердца. В 2013 году сделал ещё одну татуировку — изображение своей дочери Александры.

Память
В книге Игоря Конычева «Северные волки» есть отсылки к творческому образу Михаила Горшенёва.

22 июля 2013 был начат сбор подписей за установку памятника Михаилу Горшенёву.

27 июля с 17:00 до 20:00 и 28 июля с 12:00 до 18:00 в эфире «Нашего радио» транслировались 12 глав истории группы «Король и Шут», составленные из архивных интервью Михаила Горшенёва и воспоминаний людей, которые дружили и работали с ним: Алексея Горшенёва, Андрея Князева, Валерия Аркадина, Михаила Козырева, Игоря Панкера Гудкова, Чачи Иванова, Кати Сундуковой, Люды Стрельцовой, Юрия Донцова, Дмитрия Охотникова, Анатолия Скляренко, Алексея Козина, Ольги Шайдуллиной.

19 июля 2014 года, в годовщину смерти Михаила Горшенёва, на его могиле на Богословском кладбище был установлен памятник в виде стелы с мозаичным портретом музыканта. Инициатором установки памятника и автором эскиза стала вдова музыканта Ольга Горшенёва. Вечером того же дня в СКК «Юбилейный» состоялся концерт памяти Михаила Горшенёва, в котором приняли участие Юлия Коган и группы Mordor, «Кукрыниксы», «НАИВ», «КняZz» и «Северный флот».

21 сентября 2014 года произошло открытие лавочки-памятника музыканту в Центральном парке в Красноярске. 29 ноября 2014 года открылся арт-объект «Музыка сказок» Горшенёву в парке Победы в Воронеже. Скульптор Андрей Терёхин некачественно выполнил объект, который постепенно разрушался и портился вандалами. 21 июня 2018 памятник был демонтирован и увезён на реставрацию.

7 августа 2016 в Санкт-Петербурге во дворе магазина Castle Rock по адресу Лиговский проспект, д. 47 командой HoodGraff было нанесено граффити с портретом Михаила Горшенёва.

14 июня 2017 года состоялось открытие скамьи рок-музыкантов в Загородном парке города Самары. Текст гласит: «Посвящается Михаилу Горшенёву и всем ушедшим рок-музыкантам».

Летом 2021 года был анонсирован масштабный тур концертной версии мюзикла TODD, приуроченный к 10-летию выхода одноимённого двойного альбома. В некоторых композициях мюзикла использовалась запись голоса Горшенёва.

2 марта 2023 года на «Кинопоиске» вышел игровой сериал о группе «Король и Шут». Роль Горшенёва исполнил Константин Плотников. В тот же день в центре современного искусства «Винзавод» открылась выставка «Панк-культура. Король и Шут», содержащая сценические наряды музыкантов, рукописи, рисунки и фрагменты декораций сериала.

Песни памяти Михаила Горшенёва

 «Северный Флот» — «Стрелы»
 «криК» — «Безумный король»
 «Северный Флот» — «Вперёд и вверх»
 Константин Сапрыкин— «Анархист»
 «Северный Флот» — «Танцуй Король»
 «Кукрыниксы» — на стихи С. Есенина «К покойнику» памяти М. Горшенёва
 «КняZz» и Алексей Горшенёв — «Боль»
 «Балу» — «Смерть Шута».
 «Ангел НеБес» — «Небо плачет по Шуту»
 «Кладбище Сердец» — «Сквозь гром…»
 «Лунный Пёс» — «Горшок»
 «Седьмое солнце» — «Легенда»
 «Anadora» — «Герои нашего времени»
 «Война Эмоций» — «Сумасшедший король»
 «Гурон и Могикане» — «Меня зажёг панк-рок»
 «Туманния» — «Время улетать»
 «Декабрь» — «Парни не плачут»
 Сергей Стрелков — «Поезд»
 «Барто» — «Корни»
 Сергей Левченко — «Памяти Михаила Горшенёва»
 «Peace Days» — «Великие и печальные события»
 «2-15» — «Памяти Михаила Горшенёва»
 «Neon Galaxys» — «Ты стал легендой»
 «Север-Юг» — «Памяти Михаила Горшенёва»
 «Сплин» — «Старый дом»
 «Тараканы!» — «Да здравствует король!»
 «Кровавый риф» — «Старый замок»
 «Спектакль Джо» — «Памяти М. Ю. Горшенёва» (Повтор. композиция Кумир)
 «Кантемир» — «Про рокера»
 «Де-факто» — «Анархист»
 «Кукольный театр» — «Посвящение М. Ю. Горшенёву»
 «Нити кукловода» — «Страницы»
 «Нестандартный стиль» — «Он умер»
 Антон Вильгоцкий — «Лич» Не подтверждено, композиция не найдена
 «Тринадцатый апостол» — «Небо»
 «Спектакль Джо» — «Памяти М.Ю.Горшенёва»
 «INTRUDERS» — «Легенда»
 «iRON Mi» — «Шут»
 «FreeSSone» — «Не Грим»
 KeyF — «Концерт отменен»
  — «Живой» (памяти М. Ю. Горшенёва)
 «Ангел НеБес» — «Другу»
 «Ночные снайперы» — «Ау»

Фильмы

Профессиональные

 Король шутов (2014)
 По лезвию бритвы (2014)
 Театр одного анархиста (2014)

Короткометражные
 Todd. Первая кровь (2015)
 Todd. Первая кровь 2 (2016)
 Герой нашего времени (2016)
 Артист, когда две души (2017)
 Жизнь на краю (2017)
 Фред (2017)
 Театральный герой (2018)
 Я жив, покуда я верю в чудо (2019)

Игровые сериалы

 Король и Шут (2023)

Сольная дискография
 Я Алкоголик Анархист (2005)

Сотрудничество

Музыкальные премии

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Певцы и певицы России
Рок-музыканты России
Рок-вокалисты России
Музыканты группы «Король и Шут»
Панк-рок-музыканты СССР
Панк-рок-музыканты России
Умершие от сердечной недостаточности
Умершие от передозировки морфина
Анархисты России
Актёры мюзиклов России
Алексей Горшенёв

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
L'Oum Er-Rbia (), che significa Madre della primavera, è un fiume del Marocco centrale. Il fiume è lungo 1000 km ed è il secondo più lungo del paese. Con una portata media di 117 m³/s è il secondo fiume del Marocco dopo il fiume Sebou. Prende origine nel Medio Atlante, attraversa la città di Khenifra e sfocia nell'Oceano Atlantico ad Azemmour. Il fiume ha sei dighe, la più importante delle quali è quella di Almassira. I suoi affluenti principali sono: El Abid, Tessaoute e Lakhdar.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Fiumi del Marocco
Fiumi tributari dell'oceano Atlantico


text:
Lifestyle Nature & Wildlife
Wolves have been caring for the pack for at least 1.3m years
Family care? Healed injuries suggest social behavior in ancestral wolves
New specimens from Ice Age of China provide clues to origin of pack-hunting in modern wolves
Wolves today live and hunt in packs, which helps them take down large prey. But when did this group behavior evolve? An international research team has reported specimens of an ancestral wolf, Canis chihliensis, from the Ice Age of north China (~1.3 million years ago), with debilitating injuries to the jaws and leg. The wolf survived these injuries long enough to heal, supporting the likelihood of food-sharing and family care in this early canine.
"Top predators are rare in the fossil record because of their position in the food pyramid. Devastating injuries that are healed are even rarer. Fossils preserving grotesque injuries from the distant past have long fascinated paleontologists, and they tell stories rarely told," noted Dr. Xiaoming Wang, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, who co-led the study.
Dr. Haowen Tong, professor at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, led the excavations that discovered the fossils in the Nihewan Basin, a well-known Ice Age site in northern China.
Based on its skeleton, C. chihliensis was a large canine with strongly built jaws and teeth specialized for eating meat and cracking bone. Injuries in the skeleton provide additional evidence for how the animal used to move and behave. The study represents the first known record of dental infection in C. chihliensis, likely incurred while crushing bone to reach the marrow inside, which modern wolves do when hunting prey larger than themselves.
One C. chihliensis also badly fractured its shin (tibia), splintering it into three parts. The injury must have incapacitated the wolf, an active predator that hunted by chasing prey—yet it survived, as evidenced by healing of the bone. Survival suggests that, while recovering, it procured food in some way other than by hunting—likely with the support of a pack.
To help interpret the injuries, the study also examined specimens of another extinct large canine: the dire wolf, Canis dirus, which has abundant fossils at the world-famous Rancho La Brea asphalt seeps in Los Angeles, California. The dire wolf was geologically younger than C. chihliensis, having lived at Rancho La Brea approximately 55,000 to 11,000 years ago. Despite the age difference, the dire wolf—which previous studies had established to have been a pursuit predator of large prey, with a social structure likely similar to grey wolves today—sustained injuries to the teeth, jaws, and legs similar to C. chihliensis.
"It is incredible to see these dental infections and fractured tibia from this early Chinese wolf—and find similar injuries in our dire wolves at Rancho La Brea," said Dr. Mairin Balisi, National Science Foundation postdoctoral research fellow at the La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, and co-author of the study. "Museum collections are valuable for many reasons. In this case, they've enabled us to observe shared behavior across species, across continents, across time."
From: PeerJ
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Two frogs in the milk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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An inspirational sourcebook featuring more than 300 examples of unusual letterforms, either created from non-traditional materials or found in unexpected places. Virtually anything can be used to make original typography and once you start looking, it is impossible not to see letters everywhere, from deliberate inventions – aromatic alphabets made of spaghetti or contorted typefaces styled out of human handprints – to serendipitous and often short-lived discoveries – letters formed by chemtrails in the sky, negative spaces between trees branches and city buildings, cracks in plaster – to fading 'ghost types' painted on buildings in a pre-digital age.
This was my second book project with Steven Heller & Gail Anderson. This time I was asked back as the head researcher, which included overseeing an assistant researcher (Betsy Mei Chun Lin). I was responsible for seeking out current designers/studios that had work that embodied the theme of unusual letterforms, acquiring the work, and maintaining those relationships throughout the book process. As a bonus, I was asked to be a contributor to the book. The final book contains 7 original photographs of unusual letterforms ranging from good-timed shadows to quickly-placed neon tape.


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text:
UK firms hit as Dridex criminals target 385 million emails
UK government agencies and banks feature prominently on a 'hitlist' of 385 million email addresses that has been used by cyber-criminals to spread the Dridex banking Trojan.
News of the attack has just emerged, after Fujitsu first discovered the target list in March. Since then, it has been working behind-the-scenes with CERT UK to trace and shut down the server involved.
Rob Norris, Fujitsu's UK enterprise and cyber-security director, confirmed to SCMagazineUK.com this week that it found the 385 million email addresses on a server hosted in Russia as part of its activity tracking Dridex over the past few months. In that time, Fujitsu has seen as many as 12 different Dridex phishing campaigns in one day.
"The attack vector is huge for these cyber-criminals and they have a big user list to aim at," Norris told us via email. "A high number of email addresses were recently found within Government agencies and we have worked with the Government to get those servers closed down."


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text:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class GhostbookSetupScript : MonoBehaviour
{

	void Update()
	{
		Debug.LogError("DEPRECATED");
		/*GameObject poRef = PersistentObjMang.getInstance();

		GhostBookDisplay ngbd_src = transform.gameObject.GetComponent<GhostBookDisplay>();
		GhostBookDisplay ngbd_dest = poRef.AddComponent<GhostBookDisplay>();

		ngbd_dest.contactsTabPrefab = ngbd_src.contactsTabPrefab;

//		ngbd_dest.detailedContactTabPrefab = ngbd_src.detailedContactTabPrefab;

		ngbd_dest.eventsTabPrefab = ngbd_src.eventsTabPrefab;
		ngbd_dest.newsFeedTabPrefab = ngbd_src.newsFeedTabPrefab;
		ngbd_dest.ghostBookWordBoxPrefab = ngbd_src.ghostBookWordBoxPrefab;
		ngbd_dest.textBannerNarrowPrefab = ngbd_src.textBannerNarrowPrefab;
		ngbd_dest.textBannerThickPrefab = ngbd_src.textBannerThickPrefab;
		ngbd_dest.newsIconPrefab = ngbd_src.newsIconPrefab;

		ngbd_dest.unlockedCharacterFaces = ngbd_src.unlockedCharacterFaces;
		ngbd_dest.lockedCharacterFaces = ngbd_src.lockedCharacterFaces;
		ngbd_dest.characterSmallFaces = ngbd_src.characterSmallFaces;
		ngbd_dest.activitySymbols = ngbd_src.activitySymbols;

		ngbd_dest.photoPageCompletionStatusIcons = ngbd_src.photoPageCompletionStatusIcons;

		ngbd_dest.albumInnerPrefab = ngbd_src.albumInnerPrefab;

		ngbd_dest.tmpSprite = ngbd_src.tmpSprite;
		ngbd_dest.maskShaderMaterial = ngbd_src.maskShaderMaterial;
		ngbd_dest.maskShaderMaterialForText = ngbd_src.maskShaderMaterialForText;

		ngbd_dest.setVisibility(false);*/

		Destroy(this.gameObject);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Benjamin Arana was born in Bridgeport Connecticut and raised in Yonkers. He is the youngest of 6 children. His parents, Jose born in Utuado, P.R. and Carmen was born in Ponce, P.R. Benjamin attended Gordan High School in Yonkers. In February of 1985, he was initiated into the Local Union #3, where he worked as an apprentice electrician in the Apprentice Program. He received his "A" Journeyman"s Card in July of 1990.
Benny attended Empire State College where he received his Associate Degree in Labor Studies. He furthered his training with classes available from the Educational Cultural Department. The certificates and training he received were; Citizenship Responsibility Class, Confined Space, Lead Abatement, Asbestos Supervisor, Rigging, CDL permit, Transit Safety, OSHA 10, High Voltage Safety and Lock Out Tag Out. He also holds a New York City, Master Electricians License.
Ben has worked as Sub Foreman, Foreman, General Foreman with various shops and was employed as Superintendent for PJS Electric and Five Star Electric. He has served on the Foreman's Committee and the Wage & Policy committee of Local #3. Ben was appointed to serve as Examining Board Member from 2005 to 2009. In April of 2009, he was appointed to serve as Business Representative of the Bronx responsible for the High Voltage Testing and Instrumentation Technicians of Local #3. In March of 2015, the business manager also gave him the responsibility of Solar energy for the five boroughs and in 2018 was appointed to the Harassment and Discrimination Committee. In the Bronx, Ben was voted onto the Overall Economic Development Corp in 2016 and presently holds the position of Secretary.
Ben has been a member of the SIES since 1984 where he has gone through the ranks and served as Sergeant of Arms, Board of Directors, Treasurer, Vice President, and President. He has co-chaired and been the Chairman for several of the Society's Dinner Dances. The Santiago Iglesias Educational Society has played a large role in mentoring Ben for the career that he has accomplished to date. Ben is also a member of the Bronx Acorn Electrical Club, Keystone Club, and Local #3 Motorcycle club and is a member of The Electrical Workers Minority Caucus.
Benjamin lives in Flushing. He is the proud father of two beautiful daughters, Michele and Gabriele.


text:
NBR to set up specialised unit to combat duty evasion
September 27, 2020 September 27, 2020 omarmallick	0 Comments
September 26, 2020 19:51:19
| Updated:
The National Board of Revenue (NBR) will set up a separate central risk management unit under the customs department soon to combat duty evasion through use of technology.
According to an official document, the Public Administration Ministry has already given its approval to the new arm of the customs department.
The file is now in the finance ministry for their approval, reports UNB.
A senior NBR official said, on condition of anonymity, that the unit will work towards eliminating revenue loss at all ports of the country by using software to identify items that are prone to duty evasion.
"Though NBR is already using various technologies, including ASYCUDA (Automated System for Customs Data), this unit will install state-of-the-art equipment at all ports for improving the supervision capabilities. An intelligence unit will also assist the central risk management unit," he said.
According to the document, the government is also planning to install container scanners to plug loopholes at all points of customs inspection. Currently, as per the document, the customs department has seven scanners, including two installed this fiscal. "The NBR has completed the procuring process of 14 more scanners."
Bringing all containers under the purview of the scanning process would also prevent money laundering and misdeclaration, including under-invoicing and over-invoicing, as well as ensuring security of the country through preventing entry of prohibited and harmful items and smuggling of arms and narcotics.
"Introduction of more scanners will ease the pressure on physical examination and cut clearance time for containers," the NBR official said.
Meanwhile, the NBR has asked customs officials to monitor which in-land container depots (ICDs), also known as off‑docks, were complying with the instruction to install scanners.
The NBR has allowed 18 private off-docks based in Chattogram to handle 37 types of imported low-duty goods, all export containers and storing and handling of empty containers.
Washington-based think tank Global Financial Integrity had last year claimed that $5.9 billion flew out of Bangladesh in 2015 through mis-invoicing in trade with advanced countries.
Currently, custom houses physically examine 10-15 per cent of the imported consignments.
← Experts in Bangladesh call on government to make policies far more predictable to ease FDI inflow
FDI-related net financial transfers from Bangladesh rise modestly in last decade →
Dhaka focussing on bilateral FTAs to face LDC graduation challenge
Majority TIN-holders didn't submit tax returns; NBR may get tough on them
Remittance inflow grows over 41pc in five months
December 2, 2020 December 2, 2020 omarmallick	0


text:
You are here: Home / Human Rights / Hearings scheduled to decide retirement ages of Air Canada pilots
By Christina Catenacci, BA, LLB, LLM, PhD | 2 Minutes Read August 6, 2010
Hearings scheduled to decide retirement ages of Air Canada pilots
Image taken from: www.fraport.com
Between November 22 and November 25, 2010, the Federal Court of Canada will hold hearings and then decide whether the mandatory retirement age of 60 years should stand for about 3,000 Air Canada pilots.
I reviewed the case history and found that this saga has been going on for years.
It seems to revolve around one subsection of the Canadian Human Rights Act: 15(1)(c) states that it is not a discriminatory practice if an individual's employment is terminated because that individual has reached the normal age of retirement for employees working in positions similar to the position of that individual.
This section has created some controversy. In fact, it has been questioned in the courts, and there may be a final answer about its effect on pilots' retirements after these hearings take place.
The story is that two Air Canada pilots were required to retire at the age of 60 years pursuant to Air Canada's policy. Although they retired pursuant to the policy, they both filed human rights complaints in 2005 alleging that the mandatory retirement policy was discriminatory.
In August 2007, the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal found that Air Canada was permitted to require both pilots to retire at 60 years because subsection 15(1)(c) of the Act permitted the airline to have a policy of mandatory retirement as long as it was consistent with the retirement age of similarly placed employees. Indeed, the retirement age for most pilots working for major international carriers was 60 years. What's more, this section of the Act was not contrary to section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (equality provisions).
The pilots appealed to the Federal Court.
In April 2009, the Federal Court concluded that the tribunal had incorrectly analyzed the application of the Charter to section 15(1)(c) of the Act, and referred the matter back to the tribunal for further consideration.
In August 2009, the tribunal released a second decision; this time, it found that section 15(1)(c) of the Act was actually inconsistent with section 15 of the Charter. Further, the tribunal found that previous Supreme Court of Canada decisions on the matter were distinguishable based on current circumstances, including the fact that many provincial jurisdictions had since abolished mandatory retirement. They no longer set the precedent.
It is not over yet. The judicial review of the tribunal's second decision is about to be decided. Time will tell what will come of mandatory retirement ages for Air Canada pilots, and how other federally regulated employees will be affected by the decision.
Christina Catenacci
First Reference Human Resources and Compliance Editor
Christina Catenacci, BA, LLB, LLM, PhD
Christina Catenacci, BA, LLB, LLM, PhD, is a member of the Law Society of Ontario. Christina worked as an editor with First Reference between 2005 and 2015 working on publications including The Human Resources Advisor (Ontario, Western and Atlantic editions), HRinfodesk, and First Reference Talks blog discussing topics in Canadian Labour and Employment Law. She continues to contribute to First Reference Talks as a regular guest blogger, where she writes on privacy and surveillance topics. Christina has also appeared in the International Association of Privacy Professionals' Privacy Advisor, Tech Policy Press, and Slaw - Canada's online legal magazine.
Latest posts by Christina Catenacci, BA, LLB, LLM, PhD (see all)
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Article by Christina Catenacci, BA, LLB, LLM, PhD / Human Rights / 60 years, age, age of retirement, Air Canada, canadian charter of rights and freedoms, Canadian Human Rights Act, discrimination, equality, Federal Court of Canada, mandatory retirement, mandatory retirement policy, Pilot's Association, pilots, retirement age
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June 2016 means that hendeca ltd is celebrating its first year in business! It has been a great year and the case studies below provide just a glimpse of some of the commissions completed.
d. providing a diverse, decentralised and renewable energy supply, after first meeting on-farm requirements.
The Coast Hill Farm AD Facility achieves these sustainability priorities whilst also complying with local policy as set out in the development plan. Hendeca managed the technical team and prepared the suite of documents relevant to the planning case.
The HMWGS is proposed to facilitate the provision of the ecological habitats required as important elements of two, significant, planning consents: the Able Logistics Park (ALP); and the Able Marine Energy Park (AMEP). However, it also addresses the residual requirement of the South Humber Gateway Mitigation Strategy, which envisages two 20ha blocks of core wetland habitat being created in North Lincolnshire. The project seeks to acheive a number of important ecological and hydrological priorities, providing functional habitat for European sites and the wading birds that visit.
Hendeca prepared both the planning statement and design and access statement. 'The Hendeca documents demonstrate a good understanding of what is a complex situation. These documents are comprehensive and easy to read.' Natural England, consultation response, June 2016.
Working closely with the Policy Team, hendeca has produced a full suite of development management policy for inclusion in the Minerals Local Plan. A key focus for the commission was to incorporate green infrastructure in a practical and achievable manner, enabling sustainable development and a positive legacy from minerals working.


FATHER OF COMPASSION (v 3) — You peer through the windows of my soul to see the needs and hopes deep inside me. Your heart feels what I feel, identifying with all that I go through.
GOD OF ALL COMFORT (v 3) — You come alongside me with Your embrace, Your presence, Your encouragement. You reach out Your hand, slip it under my chin, lift my head, so that my eyes can look into Yours … and as my Papa who loves me without end, You speak precious words that settle my spirit, calm my mind, and hold my heart near to Yours. Not always do You provide protection from pain, but always You supply Your presence in every pain.
PATIENT ENDURANCE (v 6) — Both of those words look so LONG, like their nature personified in their letters! Yet, in every step of each long haul of sticking it out without anxiety, YOU give wisdom and strength for me to remain steadfast.
NOT RELY ON OURSELVES BUT ON GOD (v 9) — YOU are the Friend on whom I can ALWAYS depend, Jesus! You are consistent, more than capable, trustworthy … and You love me. Thank You for the assurance of YOU … and knowing that I can always count on YOU!
GOD, WHO RAISES THE DEAD (V 9) — Into every life that has become Yours, You bring a resurrection: restoring once-dead or dying areas and breathing new life into withered souls. When You find dying areas of my life, Lord, call me forth from the tomb and unwrap ALL my grave clothes, as You did for Lazarus. Remake my attitudes, actions, and thoughts into life-inspiring ways like Your own.
HE WILL DELIVER US (v 10) — When I cry out in the midst of pain or trial, YOU are there, Father. Your hand reaches out to rescue me or to keep me from falling into peril. Thank You for being my Deliverer.
ON HIM WE HAVE SET OUR HOPE (v 10) — You alone, O Lord, are the strength of my heart. There is NOTHING on earth that compares to YOU. May my desires not focus on temporal, earthly things, but rather, may the eyes of my heart continually seek You, see You, and remain focused on You throughout all my days.
HOLINESS AND SINCERITY (v 12) — It's You who sets me apart, making me holy, and who places a genuineness in me, so that others can see a true devotion to You in spite of my humanity.
ACCORDING TO GOD'S GRACE (v 12) — Thank You for giving me what I didn't deserve. Your free gift of grace has wiped my slate clean–no more sin. That same grace carries me through this life in You as I endeavor to allow You to have all of me.
AS SURELY AS GOD IS FAITHFUL (v 18) — There is NONE like You — so faithful and true! You follow me, You go before me; You are always at work in my life.
PROMISES GOD MADE ARE "YES" IN CHRIST (v 20) — You always fulfill Your promises, doing what You say You'll do. In Jesus, You carried out so MANY things You promised Your people over centuries!
IT IS GOD WHO MAKES … YOU STAND FIRM IN CHRIST (v 21) — You are my strength; You are my support, my defense, my refuge in the face of temptation from the enemy. You uphold me always, simply because I belong to You.
ANOINTED US (v 21) — Just like when You'd have someone in the Old Testament times smear oil onto a person in an act of consecration, so You have done so with my heart. You have set me aside for Your use.
SET HIS SEAL OF OWNERSHIP ON US (v 22) — You have chosen me. You called me. When I came to You, You accepted me and made me Your own. You are my Master; keep me from allowing another to rule over me.
PUT HIS SPIRIT IN OUR HEARTS AS A DEPOSIT (v 22) — When Jesus left here to go be with You, Father, He said He'd send a comforter. Indeed, Your Spirit did come, and He lives in the hearts of those of us who turn to You. Thank You for Your companionship in this life. Thanks for the promise of one day being with You forever. Meanwhile, during the time You leave me here, keep on making me just like Jesus. Amen.
This entry was posted in 2 Corinthians and tagged 2 Corinthians, apostle Paul, Christ follower, Christian, Christianity, Corinth, Corinthians, daily prayers, devo, devo-prayer, devotional, epistle, faith, faithful, Father, Father God, follower of Jesus, grave clothes, Jesus, Jesus follower, Kat Kreations, Lord of my life, Papa God, patient endurance, Paul, Paul's letters, Son of God, wisdom and strength, Word of God. Bookmark the permalink.


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text:
\section{Introduction}

In view of the great theoretical and experimental interest\cite{Sol}
several papers have been recently devoted to the  quantum field
theoretical approach to the neutrino mixing and
oscillations\cite{GKL92,BV95,BHV99,FHY99}.  In particular, the study of
the
generator of the Pontecorvo mixing transformations\cite{BP78} has
shown\cite{BV95} that the Hilbert space where the mixed (flavor) field
operators are defined is unitarily inequivalent, in the infinite volume
limit, to the Hilbert space for the original (unmixed) field
operators. Such  a finding leads to a novel understanding of the field
mixing and to a new, exact oscillation formula\cite{BHV99}, which
reduces to the Pontecorvo one in the relativistic limit.

As a matter of fact, the problem of the definition and of the physical
interpretation of the state space for the flavor fields is a
controversial one and it is the object of still open discussions
\cite{GKL92,BV95,BHV99,FHY99}. On the other hand, the
discovery\cite{BV95}
that the Pontecorvo field mixing transformation is a  non-unitarily
implementable transformation rests on firm mathematical grounds, so
that it cannot be ignored in any discussion on the field mixing
problems. In  a recent paper \cite{FHY99} it has been thus considered
the degree of arbitrariness involved in the construction of the flavor
states starting from the results of refs. \cite{BV95,BHV99}
(denoted by the authors of ref.\cite{FHY99} as the BV formalism).

By using a more general mass parameterization than the one adopted in
the
BV formalism, the conclusion of the authors of ref. \cite{FHY99} has
been that, since  the mass arbitrariness shows up in the oscillation
probability, the conclusions drawn in refs.\cite{BV95} are
unphysical. In particular, they conclude that the procedure adopted in
ref.\cite{BV95} by choosing a specific mass parameterization has no
physical basis.  They then examine the structure of the neutrino
propagator. However,  although the physical poles of the propagator are
shown to coincide with the eigenvalues  of the mass matrix in the
Lagrangian and appear not to be affected by the mass parameterization
arbitrariness, they are not able to escape the arbitrariness difficulty
in the oscillation formula. Thus they are finally forced to admit that
it is still necessary to investigate in detail how to derive
oscillations formulas reflecting real experimental situations on the
basis of the field theory.

Motivated by such a necessity, in the present paper we consider the
arguments of ref.\cite{FHY99} and we show that, even by applying the
more general mass parameterization there adopted,
the mass arbitrariness
disappears from the exact oscillation formula as derived in
ref.\cite{BHV99}. Actually, the oscillation formula considered in
ref.\cite{FHY99} is the approximate one which was derived in
ref.\cite{BV95}, and not its exact form obtained in the Green's
function formalism of ref.\cite{BHV99}.

The conclusions of ref.\cite{FHY99} about the unphysical basis of the
analysis or refs.\cite{BV95,BHV99} are thus ruled out. On the
contrary, even though the problem of the interpretation of the flavor
space may still be object of discussion, the field theoretical formalism
derived in refs. \cite{BV95,BHV99} appears to be sound and,
what is most interesting, it leads to the oscillation formula which is
experimentally testable.

In the present paper we also shortly comment on the physical meaning of
the mass arbitrariness which has been introduced by the authors of
ref. \cite{FHY99} without explicit justification. These comments are
also useful in order to clarify the physical meaning of the more
general transformations used in ref.\cite{FHY99} and of the particular
choice adopted in the BV formalism.

The paper is organized as follows. In Section II generalities on the
formalism are reviewed, also considering the generalization of
ref.\cite{FHY99}. In Section III the exact oscillation formula is
rederived in the formalism of ref.\cite{FHY99} and it is shown to be
independent of the mass arbitrariness. Section IV  is devoted to further
comments and conclusions.

\section{Mixed fermions}

To be definite, let us consider an oversimplified model with two
(Dirac) fermion fields with a mixed mass term:
\begin{equation}\label{lag2}
{\cal L} = {\bar \nu}_e\left ( i\!\not\!\partial -m_{e}\right)\nu_e +
{\bar    \nu}_\mu\left(i\!\not\!\partial - m_{\mu}\right)\nu_\mu   - \;
m_{e \mu} \;\left({\bar \nu}_{e}   \nu_{\mu} + {\bar \nu}_{\mu}
\nu_{e}\right)
\;.\end{equation}
The above Lagrangian is sufficient in order to describe the
single-particle evolution of a mixed state, i.e. neutrino
oscillations\cite{BHV99}, and can be fully diagonalized by the
transformation
\begin{eqnarray} \nonumber
\nu_{e}(x)   &=&\nu_{1}(x)\,\cos\theta +    \nu_{2}(x)\,\sin\theta\\
\label{rot1}
\nu_{\mu}(x) &=&-\nu_{1}(x)\,\sin\theta    + \nu_{2}(x)\,\cos\theta
\;,\end{eqnarray}
where $\theta$ is the mixing angle and
$ m_{e} = m_{1}\cos^{2}\theta +
m_{2} \sin^{2}\theta~$,  $m_{\mu} = m_{1}\sin^{2}\theta + m_{2}
\cos^{2}\theta~$,   $m_{e\mu} =(m_{2}-m_{1})\sin\theta \cos\theta\,$.
$\nu_1$ and $\nu_2$ therefore   are non-interacting, free fields,
anticommuting with each   other at any space-time point.   They are
explicitly given by
\begin{equation}\label{2.2}\nu_{i}(x) =
\frac{1}{\sqrt{V}} \sum_{{\bf k},r} \left[u^{r}_{{\bf k},i}
\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},i}(t)\:+    v^{r}_{-{\bf k},i}\beta^{r\dag }_{-{\bf
k},i}(t)   \right] e^{i {\bf k}\cdot{\bf x}} , \; \;
\; ~  i=1,2 \;.
\end{equation}
with $\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},i}(t)=e^{-i\omega_{i} t}\alpha^{r}_{{\bf
k},i}(0)$, $\beta^{r}_{{\bf k},i}(t)=e^{-i\omega_{i} t}\beta^{r}_{{\bf
k},i}(0)$ and  $\omega_{i}=\sqrt{{\bf k}^2+m_i^2}$.  Here and in the
following we use $t\equiv x_0$, when no misunderstanding  arises.   The
vacuum for the $\alpha_i$ and $\beta_i$ operators is denoted by
$|0\rangle_{1,2}$:  $\; \; \alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},i}|0\rangle_{12}=
\beta^{r }_{{\bf    k},i}|0\rangle_{12}=0$.   The anticommutation
relations are the usual ones (see ref.\cite{BV95}).  The orthonormality
and  completeness relations are:
\begin{equation}
u^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},i} u^{s}_{{\bf k},i} =   v^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},i}
v^{s}_{{\bf k},i} = \delta_{rs}  \;,\quad  u^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},i}
v^{s}_{-{\bf k},i} =  v^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},i} u^{s}_{{\bf k},i} =
0\;,\quad \sum_{r}(u^{r}_{{\bf k},i} u^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},i} +
v^{r}_{-{\bf k},i} v^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},i}) = I \;.
\end{equation}

The fields $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ are thus    completely determined
through    eq.(\ref{rot1}), which can be rewritten in the following
form (we use $(\sigma,j)=(e,1) , (\mu,2)$):
\begin{eqnarray}\label{exnue1}
\nu_{\sigma}(x)     &=& G^{-1}_{\theta}(t)\, \nu_{j}(x)\, G_{\theta}(t)
= \frac{1}{\sqrt{V}} \sum_{{\bf k},r}   \left[ u^{r}_{{\bf k},j}
\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},\sigma}(t) +    v^{r}_{-{\bf k},j}
\beta^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},\sigma}(t) \right]  e^{i {\bf k}\cdot{\bf x}},
\\ \label{BVgen}
G_{\theta}(t) &=& \exp\left[\theta \int d^{3}{\bf x}
\left(\nu_{1}^{\dag}(x)\nu_{2}(x) -    \nu_{2}^{\dag}(x)
\nu_{1}(x)\right)\right]
\end{eqnarray}
where $G_{\theta}(t)$    is the generator of the mixing transformations
(\ref{rot1}) (see  ref.\cite{BV95} for a discussion of its properties).

Eq.(\ref{exnue1}) gives an expansion of the flavor fields $\nu_{e}$ and
$\nu_{\mu}$ in the same basis of $\nu_{1}$ and $\nu_{2}$.  In the BV
formalism the flavor annihilation operators are then identified with
\begin{equation}\label{BVoper}
\left(\begin{array}{c} \alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},\sigma}(t)\\
\beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},\sigma}(t)
\end{array}\right)
= G^{-1}_{\theta}(t)  \left(\begin{array}{c} \alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},j}(t)\\
\beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},j}(t)
\end{array}\right)
G_{\theta}(t)
\end{equation}
The BV flavor vacuum is defined as $|0(t)\rangle_{e,\mu}\equiv
G^{-1}_{\theta}(t)|0\rangle_{1,2}\, $.

The explicit expression of the flavor annihilation operators is (we
choose ${\bf k}=(0,0,|{\bf k}|)$):
\begin{equation}\label{BVmatrix}
\left(\begin{array}{c} {\alpha}^{r}_{{\bf k},e}(t)\\ {\alpha}^{r}_{{\bf
k},\mu}(t)\\ {\beta}^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},e}(t)\\ {\beta}^{r\dag}_{{-\bf
k},\mu}(t)
\end{array}\right)
\, = \, \left(\begin{array}{cccc} c_\theta &  s_\theta\, |U_{{\bf k}}|
&0 & s_\theta \, \epsilon^{r} \,|V_{{\bf k}}| \\ - s_\theta\, |U_{{\bf
k}}|& c_\theta
&  s_\theta \,\epsilon^{r} \,|V_{{\bf k}}| & 0  \\ 0& - s_\theta
\,\epsilon^{r} \,|V_{{\bf k}}|
&c_\theta & s_\theta \,|U_{{\bf k}}| \\ - s_\theta \,\epsilon^{r}
\,|V_{{\bf k}}| & 0 &
- s_\theta\, |U_{{\bf k}}| & c_\theta \\
\end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{c} \alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},1}(t)\\ \alpha^{r}_{{\bf
k},2}(t)\\ \beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},1}(t)\\ \beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},2}(t)
\end{array}\right)
\end{equation}
where $c_\theta\equiv \cos\theta$, $s_\theta\equiv \sin\theta$,
$\epsilon^r\equiv (-1)^r$, and
\begin{eqnarray}
&&|U_{{\bf k}}|\equiv u^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},2}u^{r}_{{\bf k},1}=
v^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},1}v^{r}_{-{\bf k},2} \\
\label{2.37}
&&|V_{{\bf k}}|\equiv \epsilon^{r}\;u^{r\dag}_{{\bf  k},1}v^{r}_{-{\bf
k},2}= -\epsilon^{r}\;u^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},2}v^{r}_{-{\bf k},1}\,.
\end{eqnarray}
We have:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&|U_{{\bf
k}}|=\left(\frac{\omega_{k,1}+m_{1}}{2\omega_{k,1}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}
\left(\frac{\omega_{k,2}+m_{2}}{2\omega_{k,2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}
\left(1+\frac{|{\bf k}|^{2}}{(\omega_{k,1}+m_{1})
(\omega_{k,2}+m_{2})}\right)\\
\label{2.39}
&&|V_{{\bf k}}|=\left(\frac{\omega_{k,1}+m_{1}}{2\omega_{k,1}}
\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}
\left(\frac{\omega_{k,2}+m_{2}}{2\omega_{k,2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}
\left(\frac{|{\bf k}|}{(\omega_{k,2}+m_{2})}-
\frac{|{\bf k}|}{(\omega_{k,1}+m_{1})}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{equation}\label{2.40}
|U_{{\bf k}}|^{2}+|V_{{\bf k}}|^{2}=1
\end{equation}

\medskip

It has been recently noticed\cite{FHY99}, however, that  expanding the
flavor fields in the same basis as the (free) fields with definite
masses is actually a special choice, and that a more general possibility
exists.

In other words, in the expansion eq.(\ref{exnue1}) one could  use
eigenfunctions with arbitrary masses $\mu_\sigma$, and therefore not
necessarily the same as the masses which appear in the Lagrangian.  On
this basis, the authors of ref.\cite{FHY99} have generalized the BV
transformation (\ref{BVoper}) by writing the flavor fields as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{exnuf2}
\nu_{\sigma}(x)     &=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{V}} \sum_{{\bf k},r}   \left[
u^{r}_{{\bf k},\sigma} {\widetilde \alpha}^{r}_{{\bf k},\sigma}(t) +
v^{r}_{-{\bf k},\sigma} {\widetilde \beta}^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},\sigma}(t)
\right]  e^{i {\bf k}\cdot{\bf x}} ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $u_{\sigma}$ and $v_{\sigma}$ are the helicity eigenfunctions with
mass $\mu_\sigma$\footnote{The use of such a basis simplifies
considerably calculations with respect to the original choice of
ref.\cite{BV95}.}. We denote by a tilde the generalized flavor operators
introduced in ref.\cite{FHY99} in order to distinguish them from the
ones defined in eq.(\ref{BVoper}).  The expansion eq.(\ref{exnuf2}) is
more general than the one in eq.(\ref{exnue1}) since the latter
corresponds to the particular choice $\mu_e\equiv m_1$, $\mu_\mu \equiv
m_2$.

The relation between the flavor and the mass operators is now:
\begin{equation}\label{FHYoper}
\left(\begin{array}{c} {\widetilde \alpha}^{r}_{{\bf k},\sigma}(t)\\
{\widetilde \beta}^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},\sigma}(t)
\end{array}\right)
= K^{-1}_{\theta,\mu}(t)  \left(\begin{array}{c} \alpha^{r}_{{\bf
k},j}(t)\\ \beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},j}(t)
\end{array}\right)
K_{\theta,\mu}(t) ~~,
\end{equation}
with $(\sigma,j)=(e,1) , (\mu,2)$ and
where $K_{\theta,\mu}(t)$ is the generator of the transformation
(\ref{rot1}) and can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{FHYgen}
K_{\theta,\mu}(t)&=& I_{\mu}(t)\, G_{\theta}(t) \\ \label{Igen}
I_{\mu}(t)&=& \prod_{{\bf k}, r}\, \exp\left\{ i
\mathop{\sum_{(\sigma,j)}} \xi_{\sigma,j}^{\bf k}\left[
\alpha^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},j}(t)\beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},j}(t) +
\beta^{r}_{{-\bf k},j}(t)\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},j}(t) \right]\right\}
\end{eqnarray}
with $\xi_{\sigma,j}^{\bf k}\equiv (\chi_\sigma - \chi_j)/2$ and
$\cot\chi_\sigma = |{\bf k}|/\mu_\sigma$, $\cot\chi_j = |{\bf k}|/m_j$.
For $\mu_e\equiv m_1$, $\mu_\mu \equiv m_2$ one has $I_{\mu}(t)=1$.

The explicit  matrix form of the flavor operators is\cite{FHY99}:
\begin{equation}\label{FHYmatrix}
\left(\begin{array}{c} {\widetilde \alpha}^{r}_{{\bf k},e}(t)\\
{\widetilde \alpha}^{r}_{{\bf k},\mu}(t)\\ {\widetilde
\beta}^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},e}(t)\\ {\widetilde \beta}^{r\dag}_{{-\bf
k},\mu}(t)
\end{array}\right)
\, = \, \left(\begin{array}{cccc} c_\theta\, \rho^{\bf k}_{e1} &
s_\theta \,\rho^{\bf k}_{e2}  &i c_\theta \,\lambda^{\bf k}_{e1} & i
s_\theta \,\lambda^{\bf k}_{e2}  \\ - s_\theta \,\rho^{\bf k}_{\mu 1} &
c_\theta \,\rho^{\bf k}_{\mu 2} &- i s_\theta \,\lambda^{\bf k}_{\mu 1}
& i c_\theta \,\lambda^{\bf k}_{\mu 2}  \\ i c_\theta \,\lambda^{\bf
k}_{e1} & i s_\theta \,\lambda^{\bf k}_{e2} &c_\theta\, \rho^{\bf
k}_{e1} & s_\theta \,\rho^{\bf k}_{e2}  \\ - i s_\theta \,\lambda^{\bf
k}_{\mu 1} & i c_\theta\, \lambda^{\bf k}_{\mu 2} &- s_\theta\,
\rho^{\bf k}_{\mu 1} & c_\theta\, \rho^{\bf k}_{\mu 2} \\
\end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{c} \alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},1}(t)\\ \alpha^{r}_{{\bf
k},2}(t)\\ \beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},1}(t)\\ \beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},2}(t)
\end{array}\right)
\end{equation}
where $c_\theta\equiv \cos\theta$, $s_\theta\equiv \sin\theta$ and
\begin{eqnarray}\label{rho}
 \rho^{\bf k}_{a b} \delta_{rs}&\equiv& \cos\frac{\chi_a - \chi_b}{2}
\delta_{rs}= u^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},a} u^{s}_{{\bf k},b} =
v^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},a} v^{s}_{-{\bf k},b} \\ \label{lambda} i
\lambda^{\bf k}_{a b}\delta_{rs} &\equiv& i \sin\frac{\chi_a -
\chi_b}{2} \delta_{rs} = u^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},a} v^{s}_{-{\bf k},b} =
v^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},a} u^{s}_{{\bf k},b}
\end{eqnarray}
with $a,b = 1,2,e,\mu$. Since $\rho^{\bf k}_{1 2}=|U_{{\bf k}}|$ and
$i \lambda^{\bf k}_{1 2}=\epsilon^r |V_{{\bf k}}|$, etc.,
the operators (\ref{FHYmatrix})
reduce to the ones in eqs.(\ref{BVmatrix}) when $\mu_e\equiv m_1$ and
$\mu_\mu \equiv m_2$\footnote{In performing such an identification, one
should take into account that the operators for antiparticles differ for
a minus sign, related to the different spinor bases used in the
expansions (\ref{exnue1}) and (\ref{exnuf2}). Such a sign difference
is however irrelevant in what follows.}.

The generalization of the BV flavor vacuum, which is
annihilated by the flavor operators given by eq.(\ref{FHYoper}), is now
written as\cite{FHY99}:
\begin{equation}\label{FHYvac}
|{\widetilde 0(t)}\rangle_{e,\mu}\equiv
K^{-1}_{\theta,\mu}(t)|0\rangle_{1,2} ~~.
\end{equation}
For $\mu_e\equiv m_1$ and $\mu_\mu \equiv m_2$, this state reduces to
the BV flavor vacuum $| 0(t)\rangle_{e,\mu}$ above defined.

For the  considerations which follow, it is also useful to report here
the relation, given in ref.\cite{FHY99}, between the general flavor
operators of eq.(\ref{FHYoper}) and the BV ones:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{FHYBVa}
\left(\begin{array}{c} {\widetilde \alpha}^{r}_{{\bf k},\sigma}(t)\\
{\widetilde \beta}^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},\sigma}(t)
\end{array}\right)
&=& J^{-1}_{\mu}(t)  \left(\begin{array}{c} \alpha^{r}_{{\bf
k},\sigma}(t)\\ \beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},\sigma}(t)
\end{array}\right)J_{\mu}(t) ~~,
\\ \label{FHYBVb}
J_{\mu}(t)&=& \prod_{{\bf k}, r}\, \exp\left\{ i
\mathop{\sum_{(\sigma,j)}} \xi_{\sigma,j}^{\bf k}\left[
\alpha^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},\sigma}(t)\beta^{r\dag}_{{-\bf k},\sigma}(t) +
\beta^{r}_{{-\bf k},\sigma}(t)\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},\sigma}(t)
\right]\right\}\,.
\end{eqnarray}

\section{The oscillation formula}

In the formal framework of the previous Section the annihilation
operators and the vacuum for mixed fermions are defined
self-consistently, and the Hilbert space for mixed neutrinos can thus be
constructed. Such an Hilbert space, however, has built in the
arbitrariness related with the mass parameters $\mu_{\sigma}$, $\sigma
= e, \mu$. According to the authors of ref.\cite{FHY99}, such an
arbitrariness also shows up in the final expression of the oscillation
probability, which is a non-acceptable result since the theory arbitrary
parameters should have no effects on observable quantities.  The full
construction, although mathematically consistent, would then be
questionable from a physical point of view. Now we show that the
analysis of ref.\cite{FHY99} is not complete, that the exact
oscillation probabilities are independent of the arbitrary mass
parameters
and therefore the conclusion of ref.\cite{FHY99} is ruled out.

The main point is that the authors of ref.\cite{FHY99} miss to compute
the full oscillation probability  whose exact form is presented in
ref.\cite{BHV99} and it is there obtained in the Green's function
formalism. In fact, the statement of ref.\cite{FHY99} that the
oscillation formula ``seems  not to be correct'' since it is based on the
one neutrino state, which does depend on $\mu_e$ and $\mu_\mu$, is not
correct: as we show below, it is possible to calculate the oscillation
probabilities by using the arbitrary mass formalism of Section II, getting
a result which is independent of the arbitrary masses $\mu_e$ and
$\mu_\mu$ and coincides with the one  of ref.\cite{BHV99}.

In the line of ref.\cite{BHV99}, let us consider the propagator for the
flavor fields, which has to be defined on the proper (flavor)
vacuum. Notice that here we perform the computations in the generalized
BV formalism of ref.\cite{FHY99}. The propagators are then given by:
\begin{equation}\label{matrix2}
\left(\begin{array}{cc}   {\widetilde G}_{ee}(x,y)& {\widetilde G}_{\mu
e}(x,y)
\vspace{0.1cm}\\  {\widetilde G}_{e \mu}(x,y)& {\widetilde G}_{\mu
\mu}(x,y)
\end{array} \right)
\equiv  \,_{e,\mu}\langle {\widetilde 0}(y_0) | \!
\left(\begin{array}{cc}   T \left[\nu_{e}(x) \bar{\nu}_{e}(y)\right]&
T \left[\nu_{\mu}(x) \bar{\nu}_{e}(y)\right]
\vspace{0.1cm} \\  T \left[\nu_{e}(x) \bar{\nu}_{\mu}(y)\right]&   T
\left[\nu_{\mu}(x) \bar{\nu}_{\mu}(y)\right]
\end{array} \right)\!|{\widetilde 0}(y_0) \rangle_{e,\mu}  \, ,
\end{equation}
where the state used is the one defined in eq.(\ref{FHYvac}). These
propagators clearly {\em do depend} on the arbitrary parameters
$\mu_e$ and
$\mu_\mu$, which are present in $|{\widetilde 0}(y_0) \rangle_{e,\mu} $.
However, the propagator is not a measurable quantity: on the  contrary,
the oscillation probability, which can be defined in terms of it, is
measurable and should not be affected by any arbitrary
parameters.

Let us then consider the case of an initial electron neutrino which
evolves (oscillates) in time. The two relevant propagators
are\cite{BHV99}:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{propee}
i {\widetilde G}^{>}_{ee}(t,{\bf x};0,{\bf y}) =    {}_{e,\mu}\langle
{\widetilde 0}|\nu_{e}(t,{\bf x}) \;   \bar{\nu}_{e}(0,{\bf y})
|{\widetilde 0}\rangle_{e,\mu}
\\ \label{propem}
i {\widetilde
G}^{>}_{\mu e} (t,{\bf x};0,{\bf y}) =    {}_{e,\mu}\langle {\widetilde
0}|    \nu_{\mu}(t,{\bf x}) \; \bar{\nu}_{e}(0,{\bf y})   |{\widetilde
0}\rangle_{e,\mu}
\end{eqnarray}
where $|{\widetilde 0}\rangle_{e,\mu} \equiv |{\widetilde 0}(t=0)
\rangle_{e,\mu} $.
As discussed in \cite{BHV99}, there are four distinct transition
amplitudes which can be defined from  the above propagators. In the
present generalized case, we have to use the wave functions $u_{\sigma}$
and $v_{\sigma}$,  instead of $u_{j}$ and $v_{j}$ which were used in
\cite{BHV99}. This is in line with the discussion of the previous
Section: the choice of the basis in which we expand the flavor fields
determines the relevant annihilators and then the vacuum.

The amplitudes are then obtained as\footnote{With respect to the ones
defined in ref.\cite{BHV99}, we omit here an (irrelevant) phase
factor. This is due to the different definition of the flavor operators
 -- see eq.(\ref{BVmatrix}).}
\begin{eqnarray} \label{pee1}
{\widetilde {\cal P}}^r_{ee} ({\bf  k},t)   &\equiv& i \,u^{r
 \dag}_{{\bf k},e}\,   {\widetilde G}^>_{ee}({\bf  k},t)\,\gamma^0
 u^r_{{\bf k},e} =    \left\{{\widetilde \alpha}^r_{{\bf k},e}(t),
 {\widetilde \alpha}^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}
\\ \nonumber  \\ \label{pee2}
{\widetilde {\cal P}}^r_{\bar{e}e} ({\bf  k},t)
 &\equiv&i \,v^{r \dag}_{-{\bf k},e}\,   {\widetilde G}^>_{ee}({\bf
 k},t)\,\gamma^0 u^r_{{\bf k},e} =   \left\{{\widetilde
 \beta}^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},e}(t), {\widetilde \alpha}^{r\dag}_{{\bf
 k},e}(0) \right\}
\\ \nonumber   \\ \label{pee3}
{\widetilde {\cal
 P}}^r_{\mu e}({\bf  k},t)&\equiv& i \,u^{r    \dag}_{{\bf k},\mu}\,
 {\widetilde G}^>_{\mu e}({\bf  k},t)\,\gamma^0 u^r_{{\bf k},e} =
 \left\{{\widetilde \alpha}^r_{{\bf k},\mu}(t),  {\widetilde
 \alpha}^{r\dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}
\\ \nonumber   \\ \label{pee4}
{\widetilde {\cal P}}^r_{\bar{\mu} e}({\bf
 k},t)&\equiv&   i \,v^{r \dag}_{-{\bf k},\mu}\,   {\widetilde G}^>_{\mu
 e}({\bf  k},t)\,\gamma^0 u^r_{{\bf k},e} =    \left\{{\widetilde
 \beta}^{r\dag}_{-{\bf k},\mu}(t), {\widetilde \alpha}^{r\dag}_{{\bf
 k},e}(0) \right\}
\end{eqnarray}
The explicit form of these amplitudes is rather complicated. Notice that
 all of them involve the arbitrary parameters $\mu_\sigma$. However, it
 can be verified that the following sum rule for the squared moduli is
 still valid:
\begin{equation}\label{cons}
\left|{\widetilde {\cal P}}^r_{ee}({\bf  k},t)\right|^2 +
\left|{\widetilde {\cal P}}^r_{\bar{e}e}({\bf  k},t)\right|^2 +
\left|{\widetilde {\cal P}}^r_{\mu e}({\bf  k},t)\right|^2 +
\left|{\widetilde {\cal P}}^r_{\bar{\mu}e}({\bf  k},t)\right|^2 =1
\,,\end{equation}

Moreover, through somewhat long direct calculation or by employing the
linear relation eq.(\ref{FHYBVa}) (cf. also the second relation in
(2.31) of ref.\cite{FHY99})
as well as the charge conjugation
relation between $\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},\sigma}$ and $\beta^{r}_{-{\bf
k},\sigma}$, we obtain
\begin{equation}\label{miracle}
\left|\left  \{{\widetilde \alpha}^{r}_{{\bf k},e}(t),   {\widetilde
\alpha}^{r \dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2} \,+
\,\left|\left\{{\widetilde \beta}_{{-\bf k},e}^{r \dag}(t),  {\widetilde
\alpha}^{r \dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2} \, =\,  \left|\left
\{\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},e}(t),   \alpha^{r \dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0)
\right\}\right|^{2} \,+   \,\left|\left\{\beta_{{-\bf k},e}^{r \dag}(t),
\alpha^{r \dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{miracle2}
\left|\left  \{{\widetilde \alpha}^{r}_{{\bf k},\mu}(t),   {\widetilde
\alpha}^{r \dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2} \,+
\,\left|\left\{{\widetilde \beta}_{{-\bf k},\mu}^{r \dag}(t),
{\widetilde \alpha}^{r \dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2} \, =\,
\left|\left  \{\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},\mu}(t),   \alpha^{r \dag}_{{\bf
k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2} \,+   \,\left|\left\{\beta_{{-\bf
k},\mu}^{r \dag}(t),  \alpha^{r \dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2}
\end{equation}
which is the announced result. In fact in ref.\cite{BHV99} the
probabilities for oscillating neutrinos were found to be
\begin{eqnarray} \label{enumber}
P_{\nu_e\rightarrow\nu_e}({\bf k},t)&=& \left|\left  \{\alpha^{r}_{{\bf
k},e}(t),   \alpha^{r \dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2} \;+
\;\left|\left\{\beta_{{-\bf k},e}^{r \dag}(t),  \alpha^{r \dag}_{{\bf
k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2}
\\ \nonumber  &=&
1 - \sin^{2}( 2 \theta)
\left[ |U_{{\bf k}}|^{2} \;    \sin^{2} \left( \frac{\omega_{k,2} -
\omega_{k,1}}{2} t \right)   +|V_{{\bf k}}|^{2} \;   \sin^{2} \left(
\frac{\omega_{k,2} + \omega_{k,1}}{2} t \right) \right] \, ,
\\ \nonumber {}
\\ \label{munumber}
P_{\nu_e\rightarrow\nu_\mu}({\bf
k},t)&=&   \left|\left\{\alpha^{r}_{{\bf k},\mu}(t),  \alpha^{r
\dag}_{{\bf k},e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2} \;+
\;\left|\left\{\beta_{{-\bf k},\mu}^{r \dag}(t),  \alpha^{r \dag}_{{\bf
k},e}(0) \right\}   \right|^{2}
\\ \nonumber  &=&
\sin^{2}( 2
\theta)\left[ |U_{{\bf k}}|^{2}  \;  \sin^{2} \left( \frac{\omega_{k,2}
- \omega_{k,1}}{2} t \right)    +|V_{{\bf k}}|^{2} \;   \sin^{2} \left(
\frac{\omega_{k,2} + \omega_{k,1}}{2} t \right) \right] \, .
\end{eqnarray}
Thus, we have proven that the generalized formalism of ref.\cite{FHY99}
leads to the same exact result of ref.\cite{BHV99}. The above formula is
 still valid in the more general case: the probabilities for oscillating
 neutrinos do not depend on any arbitrary mass parameters.

\section{Comments and Conclusion}

Although already discussed in detail in ref.\cite{BHV99}, some comments
about the oscillation formulas (\ref{enumber}),(\ref{munumber}) may be
useful, in order to better clarify why the cancellation of the unphysical
parameters occurs in eqs.(\ref{miracle}),(\ref{miracle2}).
In order to make clearer the physical reasoning of adopting the equal time
vacua in the computation of the amplitudes, we remark
that the quantities in
eqs.(\ref{enumber}),(\ref{munumber}) are nothing but the expectation
values (on the electron neutrino state at time $t$)
of the charge operators $Q_{\sigma}\equiv
\alpha_{\sigma}^{\dag}\alpha_{\sigma} -
\beta^{\dag}_{\sigma}\beta_{\sigma}\,$
($\sigma=e, \mu$ and we have
suppressed the momentum and spin indices for simplicity).
We  have indeed
\begin{eqnarray} \label{charge1}
&&{\cal Q}_\sigma (t)\equiv
\langle \nu_e(t)|Q_\sigma| \nu_e(t)\rangle\, = \,
\left|\left\{\alpha_{\sigma}(t), \alpha^{\dag}_{e}(0)
\right\}\right|^{2}
\;+ \;\left|\left\{\beta_{\sigma}^{\dag}(t),
\alpha^{\dag}_{e}(0) \right\}\right|^{2}\, ,
\\[2mm] \label{charge2}
&&\;_{e,\mu}\langle 0(t)|Q_\sigma| 0(t)\rangle_{e,\mu}\, = \, 0 \,
\quad, \quad \langle \nu_e(t)|\left(Q_e\;+\;Q_{\mu}\right)| \nu_e(t)\rangle
\,= \,1 \, ,
\end{eqnarray}
where  $| \nu_e(t)\rangle
\equiv \exp\left[ -i H t\right]\,\alpha^{\dag}_e | 0\rangle_{e,\mu}$.

In this way, the physically obvious fact is confirmed, that the measure
of the flavor oscillation probabilities at time $t$
(eqs.(\ref{enumber}),(\ref{munumber})) is given by the expectation value
of the flavor charges, ${\cal Q}_\sigma (t)$. On the other hand, the
already established result of ref.\cite{BHV99}, by which the Green's
functions eq.(\ref{matrix2}) are well defined because of the use of the
equal time vacua, also confirms the above physical picture from a more
formal point of view, and it is strictly related to it.
It has been
shown in ref.\cite{BHV99} that quantities like
$_{e\mu}\langle 0(x^{0})|\nu_{\sigma}(x)
\bar \nu_{e}(0,{\vec y})|0(0)\rangle_{e\mu}$ simply vanish (in the
infinite volume limit), due to
the unitary inequivalence of flavor vacua at different times
(we also notice that at finite volume such a quantity does
depend on the arbitrary parameters above introduced).

We further observe that
eq.(\ref{charge2}) simply and consistently
expresses the conservation of the total charge.
It is remarkable that, according to the
analysis performed in ref.\cite{BV95},
the operator for the total charge $Q_e\,+\,Q_{\mu}$
is the Casimir operator for the $su(2)$
algebra associated with the mixing transformations eq.(\ref{rot1}), and
consequently  it commutes with the mixing generator (\ref{BVgen}) (and
(\ref{FHYgen})).

Finally, for the full understanding of the result
(\ref{miracle}),(\ref{miracle2}), it is essential to remark that
the charge operators $Q_\sigma$ are {\em invariant}
under the action of the
Bogoliubov generator eq.(\ref{FHYBVb}), i.e.
${\widetilde Q}_\sigma = Q_\sigma$, where ${\widetilde Q}_{\sigma}\equiv
{\widetilde \alpha}_{\sigma}^{\dag}{\widetilde \alpha}_{\sigma} -
{\widetilde \beta}^{\dag}_{\sigma}{\widetilde \beta}_{\sigma}$.
Besides the direct computations leading to
eqs.(\ref{miracle}),(\ref{miracle2}), such an invariance, together with
eq.(\ref{charge1}), provides a strong and immediate proof of the
independence of the oscillation formula from the $\mu_\sigma$
parameters.

In ref. \cite{FHY99} the flavor field wave functions $u_{\sigma}$ and
$v_{\sigma}$ have been introduced which satisfy the free Dirac equations
with arbitrary mass $\mu_{\sigma}$ ($\sigma = e, \mu$).
 Its introduction has not been justified in
ref.\cite{FHY99}. Therefore a short comment about the physical meaning
of such a procedure may be in order and it  can be also
useful for a better
understanding of the formalism. Use of the wave functions  $u_{\sigma}$ and
$v_{\sigma}$  clearly
represents a more general choice than the one made in the BV
formalism\cite{BV95}, where $\mu_e\equiv m_1$, $\mu_\mu \equiv m_2$ has
been used.

We observe that the mass parameter $\mu_{\sigma}$ represents the
``bare'' mass of the corresponding field and therefore it can be given any
arbitrary value.  Moreover, for $\theta = 0$ the transformation
(\ref{FHYoper}) reduces to the transformation generated by $I_{\mu}(t)$
given by eq.(\ref{Igen}): now note that  this is nothing but a
Bogoliubov transformation which, at {\it $\theta = 0$}, relates unmixed
field operators, $\alpha_j$ and, say, $a_{j}(\xi_{\sigma,j})$, of
masses $m_j$ and $\mu_{\sigma}$, respectively. In the language of the
LSZ formalism of QFT\cite{UMT,IZ}, the $\alpha_j$ refer to
physical (free) fields and the $a_{j}(\xi_{\sigma,j})$ to Heisenberg
(interacting) fields. In the infinite volume limit, the Hilbert spaces
where the operators $\alpha_j$ and $a_j$ are respectively defined, turn
out to be unitarily inequivalent spaces. Moreover, the transformation
parameter $\xi_{\sigma,j}$ acts as a label specifying Hilbert spaces
unitarily inequivalent among  themselves (for  each (different) value of
the $\mu_{\sigma}$ mass parameter). The crucial point is that the
physically relevant space is the one associated with the observable
physical mass $m_j$, the other ones being associated with the bare
masses $\mu_{\sigma}$. It can be shown\cite{UMT} that the masses
$\mu_{\sigma}$ dynamically acquire a convenient mass shift term such
that the asymptotic physical $\alpha_j$-fields are associated with the
physical mass $m_j$ and the arbitrariness intrinsic to the bare mass
$\mu_{\sigma}$ does not affect the observables.

Therefore, in principle any one of the  $\xi$-parameterized Hilbert
spaces can be chosen to work with (in other words, the bare masses can
be given any arbitrary value). Since, however, one is interested in
observable quantities, in the LSZ formalism\cite{UMT,IZ}
the space one chooses to work with is the
free physical field space (associated to the $\alpha_j$ operator fields,
in our case). This is the ``particular'' choice made in the BV
formalism. In the generalized BV formalism instead, by means of the
Bogoliubov transformation explicitly given by eq.(\ref{FHYmatrix})
written for $\theta = 0$, one first moves to the operators
$a_{j}(\xi_{\sigma,j})$, leaving the $\xi$ value unspecified (i.e. for
arbitrary mass parameter $\mu_{\sigma}$) and then one considers the
mixing problem. Of course, at the end of the computations observable
quantities should not depend on the arbitrary parameters, as indeed in
this paper we have proven it happens to be.

Here we are not going to give more details on the multiplicity of
Hilbert spaces associated with arbitrary bare mass parameters.  However,
the above comment sheds some light on the physical meaning of the
particular choice made in refs.\cite{BV95,BHV99}, and it also
suggests to us why the result of the computations presented in the
present paper actually was to be expected on a physical ground, besides
being supported by straightforward mathematics.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

This work was partially supported by MURST, INFN, and ESF.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Academics team does a range of very academic things. For example, we complain about school life, workloads, life in general, and, once in a while, we sit down to manage the bread and butter of RMUN 2019. That's chair rosters, topics, study guides, rules of procedure, and eventually any of your academic concerns as we near RMUN. Don't hesitate to shoot any of us an email to clarify any doubts you have. We're here to make sure that things remain academic as can be and that means no nonsense. Oh, and if you hear screams that could only really be analogous to summoning the devil, that'd be us.
Being the core team responsible for the backbone of the conference, the Admin Team is here to ensure the smooth running of the conference. We manage everything from logistics and external relations to publicity – including choosing the menu for food for the conference, replying to your enquiries, organising the notepassers and curating the publicity posts that you are seeing on this instagram page (do take some time to give these posts a like)! Feel free to approach us for any matters that can better your welfare and comfort in the conference, and we look forward to seeing you!


If you are in need of some new ideas or inspiration, be sure to check out the new articles from Adobe experts. There's a full list posted over at PhotoshopNews.com and there's some truly great stuff in there. While the articles skew towards digital photographers (like most of Adobe these days), I found these two very useful.
Digital Image Integrityby George Reis Photographs have been altered or "faked" ever since the very beginning of chemical photography. Learn how Photoshop CS is providing forensics experts and law enforcement specialists better tools for evaluating the authenticity of a photograph.
Black and White Conversion Tutorial by John Paul Caponigro Are you looking for more detail in your digital B&W conversions? Or perhaps better contrast and tonal separation? Here's an opportunity to learn how to get maximum flexibility out of your B&W conversions. Follow along step-by-step, as John Paul Caponigro shows you how the pros do it in this dynamic PDF tutorial.


The RTM Tempo is an efficient long distance touring kayak and kayak fitness.
Stable and comfortable with a length of 15 feet, it has excellent tracking and speed.
A great diving and fishing platform. Suitable for larger paddlers.
Standard: Seat and Paddles not included.


Graham has worked as part of the management team at Bootstrap Enterprises in Blackburn since Bootstrap began in Blackburn in 1987. As well as being a founding member of Care Network, Graham is currently Chair of Selnet, the Lancashire Social Enterprise Network and a trustee of several other local Third Sector organisations.
Erika joined Care Networks Board of Trustees in March 2019 and is delighted to be able to share her skills and passion with such a worthy cause.


Eleanor flicked the on/off button in frustration. Lying in front of her was a chaotic bricolage of circuit boards, wires and lights. Though the lights kept blinking nothing else had happened.
(1) Set-up Time Machine bought off Ebay with dad's credit card.
(2) Go to exam. Memorise questions.
(3) At home, jump back to day before exam.
Yet she was still here.
Eleanor flicked the on/off button in frustration.


text:
#BookReview Going Overboard by L.A. Witt @GallagherWitt @RiptideBooks
categories: 8/10, Book Review, Contemporary Romance, LGBTQIA
Title: Going Overboard
Author: L.A. Witt
Series: Anchor Point #5
Published by: Riptide Publishing on Feb. 5, 2018
Genres: Contemporary Romance, LGBTQIA
Format: eBook, ARC
Source: Riptide Publishing, NetGalley
Second-class petty officers Dalton Taylor and Chris Ingram have been best friends since coxswain's school. Now they're stationed together in the harbor patrol unit of NAS Adams. They're content as friends, but secretly, they both ache for more. Neither makes a move, though; while Dalton is out and proud, Chris is closeted—even from his best friend.
Then another coxswain's negligence nearly drowns Dalton. After a taste of how easily they could lose each other, neither man can keep his feelings hidden anymore, and it turns out love and sex come easy when you're falling for your best friend.
Things aren't just heating up between the friends-turned-lovers, though. The Navy is investigating the accident, and the harbor patrol chief isn't going to let his star coxswain go down for dereliction of duty, even if saving him means throwing Dalton under the bus.
As the threats and gaslighting pile up, Chris and Dalton need each other more than ever—as shipmates, friends, and lovers. But if their chief prevails, the only way they can save their careers is to let each other go.
Sexy, sweet, and emotional!
Going Overboard is a steamy friends-to-more romance that takes you back to NAS Adams and introduces you to second-class petty officer Dalton Taylor, a confident, young sailor who finds himself on the cusp of losing his career, his life, and the one he adores, as well as fellow second-class petty officer Chris Ingram who may finally have to risk it all to have the one he secretly yearns.
The writing is lighthearted and provocative. The characters are devoted, driven, and supportive. And the plot, from start to finish, is filled to the brim with life, love, friendship, family, longing, angst, drama, military politics and tantalizing romance.
Going Overboard is the fifth novel in the Anchor Point series and is certainly another spicy, entertaining, enjoyable military romance by Witt that highlights her exceptional knowledge into the pressures, challenges, and expectations of Navy life.
This book is available now.
Pick up a copy from your favourite retailer or from one of the following link.
Thank you to NetGalley and Riptide Publishing for providing me with a copy in exchange for an honest review.
About L.A. Witt
L.A. Witt is an abnormal M/M romance writer who has finally been released from the purgatorial corn maze of Omaha, Nebraska, and now spends her time on the southwestern coast of Spain. In between wondering how she didn't lose her mind in Omaha, she explores the country with her husband, several clairvoyant hamsters, and an ever-growing herd of rabid plot bunnies.
She also has substantially more time on her hands these days, as she has recruited a small army of mercenaries to search South America for her nemesis, romance author Lauren Gallagher, but don't tell Lauren. And definitely don't tell Lori A. Witt or Ann Gallagher. Neither of those twits can keep their mouths shut...
« #CoverReveal The Things We Need to Say by Rachel Burton @bookish_yogi @rararesources @HQDigitalUK
#BookReview Things to Do When It's Raining by Marissa Stapley @marissastapley @SimonSchusterCA @HarlequinBooks »


If you are a lipstick wearer or live in a cold/extremely hot climate you know you lips tend to suffer when exposed to the elements. There is nothing worse then dry, peeled, and chapped lips! Dry, ashy lips look even worse if you like to wear lipsticks and lip gloss and tend to be emphasized ten times more. The goal is kissable, smooth, luscious lips folks and I found an inexpensive treatment that really helps. Lush's Bubblegum lip scrub is a blend of sugar, castor oil, and jojoba oil that you rub on your lips and lick right off (tastes so good). After application you apply your favorite moisturizing lip balm and you are all set, you wake up to smooth, exfoliated plump lips. Lush's scrub retails for $10 CAN and you can find it in your local Lush! This little pot lasts forever and because of the natural ingredients can be applied as often as you need.
Do you intend to give this product a try? Do you know of something simular that would do the job as well? Comment down below and let us know!


In the winter of 1981-82, the local newspapers of east London were all agog with stories of the mythical "Hackney Bear": my hazy memories of this, as an 11-year-old, were that there had been a number of sightings of a bear on Hackney marshes, stomping in the distance across the unkempt scrubland at dask and dawn. My uncle worked on the Hackney Gazette at the time, and at every family gathering he'd bring us updates. It was thrilling stuff, the area's very own Loch Ness/Yeti story, and covering the story must have been the very essence of what local journalism is about.
Of course, it turned out to be a bloke in a bear costume, playing a hoax and taking the piss, as was a pale imitation that apparently appeared a few miles west a couple of years later, the Hornsey werewolf who "stalked" Highgate Woods; it was just an oddball kid who went to my mate's school. But one can only salute the pointless indefatiguability of both the bear and the werewolf.
Another slice of inexplicable non-wacky weirdness from my childhood concerned a bloke who waited at our bus stop going to school throughout the autumn of 1983. Throughout the term, he'd turn up at the same time, as straight-laced and suburban-looking as they come: shirt, tie, overcoat, briefcase, copy of the Telegraph - but no trousers. He maintained this kecks-less state for months, never looking around for attention, never speaking to anyone, provoking suppressed sniggers from us but surprisingly little wider reaction. Wonder why he did it?
I'd like to think that these sorts of pointless traditions are being maintained - though it's actually the opposite of the sort of contrived wackiness of a David Brent or Colin Hunt off the Fast Show, which has been so regrettably nurtured by Comic Relief and their ilk. No, the bear, the werewolf and the trouser-less commuter were part of a richer scene, which preferred anonymity and got on with it. Truly, a scene without heroes.


An abscess in the mouth is extremely painful indeed, and many females who have had the grave displeasure of enduring it have reported that the intensity and frequency of the pain caused by the abscess in their mouth was more intense and severe than the pain and discomfort that they endured whenever they gave birth. Before any male readers then proceed to silently laugh to themselves at this seemingly admission of weakness from women, objective evidence supports this general claim.
An abscess in the mouth is whereby a sizable collection of pus has accumulated in the mouth and concentrated itself specifically on the sensitive root of the tooth, which is where all of the nerves and blood vessels of the tooth are to be found and so the abscess will effectively press on these sensitive nerves. Given that it is the nerves of the body that are responsible for the transmission of pain signals and impulses around the body, it stands to reason then that the severity of the pain endured by this condition is actually reasonable and proportionate within the circumstances.
Given that an abscess is predominately bacterial in nature, this means that the first course of action which will be used by a dentist is the prescribing of antibiotic medication in order to reduce the inflammation and allow the bacteria to subside. From there, if further repair work is needed, then the dentist can intervene.
One of the most common ways in which an abscess of the mouth will form is due to extremely poor oral hygiene, and if this happens to be exacerbated by virtue of a diet that is rich in refined sugars, simple carbohydrates and excessive vomiting and or the consumption of alcohol, then the chances of an abscess occurring are exceptionally high indeed.
It is entirely possible for the abscess to rupture (burst). Should this happen, it is essential that the sufferer acts quickly and rinses their mouth out with a solution of warm water which has salt added to it, and the reason for this is that it will help to remove the infection and stem the bacteria.


Most newspapers have a limit of 200 words for a letter to the editor. Pick the paper or papers in your area that you want to write to. Go on their website or call them to find out how to submit a letter to the editor. Use this letter or re do it so it sounds more like you but make sure it is under 200 words. Right now this version is.


text:
Q: Alternative mirrors for Android's Kernel 3.0 since kernel.org is down? I am looking for alternative mirrors for Android's Kernel 3.0 since kernel.org is down. Thanks in advance.
Note: Android's patched kernel 3.0 not the same as Linux kernel 3.0.

A: manifest.xml is not modified for github, so it's no so easy to sync the whole android project.

A: https://www.codeaurora.org/gitweb/quic/la/

A: This is a mirror of the whole Android repository
https://github.com/android

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home > Laufen News & Stories > New Nordic collaboration ensures recycling of WC plastic cisterns
New Nordic collaboration ensures recycling of WC plastic cisterns
Annually, roughly 250,000 floor-standing toilets are replaced in Denmark with many toilet cisterns containing plastic. A new and unique collaboration between bathroom manufacturer LAUFEN and the Nordic region's largest recycling company Stena Recycling aims to ensure that approximately 87% of the materials from the collected plastic cisterns in Denmark can be recycled with an ambition for the Danish initiative to pave the way for a global roll-out.
Within the ceramic cistern of most new floor-standing toilets you will find the internal plastic cisterns. These internal sleeves were introduced in recent years to prevent condensation on the ceramic by eliminating the direct contact with the water and the ceramic. Yet this solution has led to another challenge; what to do with the plastic cisterns when the toilet needs to be repaired or replaced?
"Among other things, the high lime content in Danish water means that usually the plumber chooses to change all the internal spare parts when a toilet is defective – both to save time and to be sure that the problem is solved. Then the plastic cistern simply gets thrown out. So of course, it is better if it can be used in a new way instead," says Anja Aabye, Sustainability Ambassador at LAUFEN Nordic, pioneer for the pilot project, which she now hopes to roll out throughout Denmark – and later globally.
A natural next step
By ensuring that the plastic can be recycled into new products, CO2 emissions are reduced. As a leading manufacturer of bathroom products, LAUFEN, together with the Roca Group, has joined the United Nations Global Compact, a worldwide pact between companies and the UN that aims to build stronger corporate sustainability practices and therefore has already implemented extensive initiatives across the business.
"The key to successfully affecting systemic change is to establish meaningful partnerships, such as this one between LAUFEN, Stena Recycling, the sheltered workshop and Saint-Gobain, in which all parties involved share the same vision and goals and, together, achieve something significant. This brilliant initiative put in place by LAUFEN Nordics will serve as a lighthouse project across our organisation, enabling us to increase our positive social and environmental impact, while also taking us one step closer to the circular economy," says Cristiane Kopp, Sustainability Manager, LAUFEN.
This mindset is repeated not only at LAUFEN, but broadly across the construction industry. New certification rules for sustainable construction, increased focus on waste disposal and producers' responsibility throughout the entire lifecycle of the products – are all part of a series of initiatives that will ensure a more sustainable future.
"Plastic, in particular, takes up a lot of thought for many people today. We all know about problems with microplastics on land and at sea. Therefore, the project also addresses something that most people know is a challenge. The installer sees it for themselves. The consumer gets an increased incentive to replace old with new. Everyone gets the opportunity to contribute to the development in a simple and manageable way," says Anja Aabye.
Cyclical process and social economic perspective
As part of the pilot project, LAUFEN has set up special collection points at 10 selected wholesale locations, where plumbers and installers can deposit old plastic cisterns they have replaced.
From the wholesaler, the cisterns are driven to a sheltered workshop south of Copenhagen in Præstø, where, as part of a social-economic initiative, they are disassembled. To minimise transportation, a similar workshop in the western part of Denmark will be responsible for the area of Jutland.
Stena Recycling collects the plastic cisterns, grinds and converts them into recyclable plastic pellets, which are then sent to Stena Recycling's partners.
Finally, plastic pellets end up at the plastic manufacturers, where it is once again included in new plastic products.
"The installers are happy, the wholesalers are happy, and we even have a socio-economic perspective in the pilot project, because we collaborate with members of a sheltered project who value their positive contribution. This may not be possible everywhere, and therefore we are now investigating how the concept can be scaled up effectively and rolled out in other countries," says Anja Aabye.
From residue to resource
A practical challenge in the pilot project is the cisterns' journey from consumer to recycling. Some installers go directly to the recycling centre, but more and more people sort their own waste. Therefore, LAUFEN now also aims to set up collection points directly with the installers which can also be utilized for end of life or phased-out products (EOL).
Stena Recycling is also enthusiastic about the project and is currently exploring the possibility to roll out the initiative across the Nordic region and Europe with LAUFEN.
"The various collaborations between Stena Recycling and LAUFEN are an expression of the transformation that is generally taking place in the industry. LAUFEN has a great desire to take the lead when it comes to recycling residual materials. We have the necessary knowledge and organization to translate old products into new ones. In this way, we share the task and there is a natural circularity," says Stena Branch Manager Jakob Linnet.
Stena Recycling builds on decades of expertise in all material fractions: Plastics, cardboard, paper, metals, hazardous waste and batteries. With material experts, a nationwide branch network and a wide network of specialized partners at home and abroad, Stena Recycling has a high level of hands-on knowledge about how to ensure that resources can be used again and again. This is a huge advantage for companies that want to promote sustainable development and contribute to reducing CO2 emissions. Rather than using the planet's limited resources, companies partner with Stena Recycling to ensure that used materials are collected, sorted and processed, giving the materials new life in new products and solutions.
Stena Recycling and LAUFEN are already collaborating on several projects with green perspectives. Among other things, Stena is currently collecting surplus material from a large LAUFEN construction project in Jutland. It is precisely this mindset across the value chain – utilizing items that you cannot use yourself – that is also the basis for the pilot project on recycling plastic cisterns.
News & StoriesAs seen on Metropolis: Sonar Re-Imagines the Washbasin
The collection, designed by Patricia Urquiola for Laufen, uses high-tech ceramic to create sleek bathroom fixtures with a decorative twist.
News & StoriesExplore the home of Andreas Dimitriadis
The home of the designer of many successful collections for Laufen including Palace, Florakids and several faucet collections.
News & StoriesWallpaper* Design Award
The 'Save' separation toilet by Laufen, created in collaboration with EOOS and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, wins Wallpaper* Design Awards 2020 for Life-Enhancer of the Year.
News & StoriesLaufen space Berlin
The first LAUFEN space in Germany opens in Berlin-Charlottenburg. In the elegant quarter, a stone's throw from the Kurfürstendamm, a former antique shop with its two prominent display windows on the lively Kantstraße has been transformed.