text:
www.GenerationAmerica.org: Piano Lessons: A Story of Cancer Survival, and Healing
Author: By Cate Smithson | Dec 17, 2010
Link to the original article
Brenda Coffee was taking a piano lesson on her 13th birthday when she found out her father had died. People didn't talk about cancer with their children then. Brenda didn't even know what type of cancer it was as her memories leading up to his death involved little more than sitting on the edge of his sick bed, making small talk.
"Like strangers," she recalls. But children can sense what's plaguing a household, and Brenda could sense the tension between her mother and neighbor when the pair picked her up from her piano lesson that day. Then, her mother had a nervous breakdown and, barely a teenager, Brenda became her own mother's parent.
As an adult, Brenda vowed to not have children based on the tumultuous mother-daughter relationship that unfolded. She and her husband Phillip led prosperous, fulfilling lives – until he was diagnosed with late Stage IV lung cancer. For her this time was different than her father's fight: Phillip, for all his success as a scientist and entrepreneur, he "just withdrew," leaving her as the primary caregiver, again.
She worked to help her husband cope with a disease for which there was no cure, even going so far as to immerse herself into an area of treatment dealing with monoclonal antibodies, which deliver targeted therapy straight to a patient's cancer cells. M.D. Anderson, Houston's renowned cancer treatment center, was so impressed by Brenda's work they offered her a job.
"I felt like I had the power of life and death but not the power to illicit a conversation with my own husband," Brenda says. "This really is when families need each other the most." Phillip kept her at a distance until he, too, lost his battle with cancer. Later, Brenda remarried and was living outside of San Antonio, Texas when she noticed a lump in her breast. The benign lump, it turned out, was covering a malignant tumor.
Now, it was her turn. She underwent a lumpectomy, then a single-mastectomy, then chemotherapy and a later, preemptive second mastectomy. Most people would say much of her life has been plagued by cancer, in one form or another. Of course millions of lives are affected by the disease. What is different in her case is that she credits cancer as being life-changing in a different way.
She says her lifetime of experience with the disease is a gift because from it she became the author books, how-tos-on coping with cancer, either as the patient or a spouse, both physically and emotionally. She launched a website and has bigger media plans, all to further her advice to victims, caregivers and spouses.
Because uniquely, she has been all three.
In fact, she may be one of the only people publicly crusading for survivorship – that is, providing an emotional resource for patients and their families from the point of diagnosis, offering support throughout treatment and helping families and individuals find their new "normal," whatever that may be.
"Breast cancer awareness has generally only dealt with finding a cure for cancer, not dealing with the diagnosis," she says. "There is nothing out there on survivorship. What happens when you get cancer? You're pretty much left to fend for yourself."
For Brenda, being diagnosed with breast cancer wasn't the scariest part of her battle, and neither was the chemo. It was the aftermath, the remission. Cancer researchers are always looking for a cure and oncologists are focused on administering treatment, two plainly crucial elements to dealing with cancer. Maybe it made sense for a period of time not to focus on the post-treatment journey: after all, if fewer patients survived cancer in the past, less concern was raised about counseling patients throughout their lifetimes.
"There are so many women, like me, who get to five years after diagnosis and the doctors just say, 'Okay, you're done, go live your life' – and you're terrified. You sit on the edge of your seat your whole life like it's a white-knuckle airplane ride. You're worried that it will come back. This is a whole new area of survivorship that I'm trying to raise awareness for."
Looking back on her late husband's cancer, Brenda wishes she'd done some things differently. Phillip's struggle was different than Brenda's, and he coped with his diagnosis and treatment differently. He removed himself from his life and kept Brenda "at arm's length," she says. Brenda couldn't have understood what Phillip went through; she didn't even realize the medical costs had turned the affluent couple's bank account upside down and shaken every last coin out. But his withdrawal was deep-seated and, not knowing what she knows now, Brenda watched as Phillip sank further into cancer-induced abandonment.
"I would have insisted that he talk about things. That he have conversations with his daughters," Brenda says, looking back on Phillip's battle. "I would've said, 'People are in awe of you, and you've kept a lot of people at arm's length. And you kind of like it this way – you like being able to be God. You've managed those you love most from afar according to your comfort level. You need to know that this isn't just about you."
Brenda's own battle with cancer helped her further understand the dangers of self-removal. Her second husband, James, and his son, Kirk, were an enormous source of support for Brenda, but finding the tools within to keep cancer from destroying your life is a challenge. The hardest part is keeping yourself from thinking too much about the cancer.
And, as Brenda says, women with fatal diseases worry abut their families. She remembers the first time she attended the Bible study she still goes to today – it's held at the house of her doctor and his wife, who are close family friends. Her hair was just beginning to fall out from chemo. That's when she noticed another woman in attendance; one Brenda thought was pretty and wore her hair similar to Brenda's own. "'This is why I'm here,'" she thought to herself. ''I'm here to find James's next wife.
"Thoughts are things," Brenda says. "You have to create your own body chemistry. Allow yourself to take a break from cancer. I made a conscious decision that when somebody would call to check on me, I would say, 'I'm doing just great. But enough about me. I want to know about you.' And then you hear them say, 'Wow, it sounds like you're doing great!' And you start to think, 'Well, I must be doing great.' We have the ability to heal ourselves – that doesn't mean cure ourselves – but women who are Stage IV can still heal on a lot of different levels and cope with it emotionally."
This notion of healing oneself in the face of a disease as relentless as cancer can seem, at first glance, overwhelming, indeed unlikely.
And yet, her approach is reflected in a somewhat overlooked approach to the disease known as psychosocial oncology, which studies the effects of cancer on a person's psychological health and vice versa. There also exists what's known as oncopsychology, or the study of the psychological responses of those indirectly affected by cancer.
There are only about 400 psychosocial oncologists in the country. But some studies show that the endorphins our bodies produce when we're happy versus those produced when we're sad are extremely different. Correlating the common methods of cancer treatment with the study of patients' brain waves and body chemistry could yield drastically more positive results for those battling cancer.
Brenda's experiences with cancer made her realize there was a lack of resources that would help patients and their families learn about these things. And so she combined her business skills – Brenda describes herself as a "serial entrepreneur" after having made a career as a managing consultant for a publicly held company – founded the Survivorship Media Network, whose mission it is to produce online, television and print material for cancer patients.
BreastCancerSisterhood.com was the first "bite out of the elephant," as Brenda puts it. Started just a year ago, the site currently receives 20,000 hits a day and has been named one of the Top 10 cancer blogs by Blogs.com. Her two books, The Breast Cancer Sisterhood and Husbands and Heroes: The Breast Cancer Caregiver, plainly advise breast cancer patients and their families on how to deal with the various physical and emotional effects cancer takes on a person. And her ultimate goal is to raise enough venture capital to start The Cancer Cable Channel, which she says would cover every kind of cancer through programming that highlights cutting-edge cancer research, as well as different coping mechanisms and the like – a combination of The Science Channel and Oprah, she says.
"We have The Weather Channel and The Food Network and The Military Channel. Why not?" she says.
Brenda's fight with the disease – she's totally cancer-free now – showed her strength within herself she never knew she had. When she tells people her experience was a gift, her husband James says, "I hate it when you tell people that. I wish it was a gift that you never received."
"But it's made me a different person," Brenda says. "This is my ministry. I'm making a difference and I know that when I talk to families. There's a woman that, two weeks ago, told me I kept her from committing suicide. We have no idea the impact that this is going to have on somebody. Life's not all about Brenda – it's not about me anymore at all."


text:
Home News Former UT Bank boss Kofi Amoabeng arrested and granted bill over banks...
Source:Ghpage.com
Former UT Bank boss Kofi Amoabeng arrested and granted bill over banks collapse
By Mr. Tabernacle
UT bank Kofi Amoabeng arrested and granted bill
The former CEO of UT Bank and Chairman of UT Group of Companies, Mr. Prince Kofi Amoabeng, has been granted a GHS110-million bail with two sureties by an Accra High Court.
Mr. Amoabeng was arrested yesterday Tuesday, 14 January 2020 at his office and immediately arraigned.
His arrest was believed to be in connection with the collapse of his UT Bank on 7 August 2017 after the Bank of Ghana declared it insolvent.
He, together with many others, are being prosecuted for the financial crisis which almost grounded the banking sector.
Also Read: Photo of Senior Minister Yaw Osafo Marfo and a beautiful Young lady pops up online, causing serious uproar
Also, Mr. William Ato Essien, the founder and former CEO of another defunct bank, Capital Bank, as well as his former MD, Rev. Fitzgerald Odonkor, and two other persons; Dr. Tettey Nettey, the Managing Director of MC Management Services, a company said to be owned by Mr. Essien, and Kate Quartey-Papafio, a businesswoman and Managing Director of Reroy Cables Company Limited, are also being prosecuted.
They have been charged by the state with 26 offences for their role in the collapse of the bank in 2017.
The charges include conspiracy to steal. Mr. Essien and Tettey Nettey allegedly acted together between October and November 2015 in Accra to steal GHS100 million belonging to Capital Bank.
Judgement is expected to be delivered by the High Court in respect of the Capital Bank case in February 2020.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sweet love is in the air, can you feel it? I do, mostly because I'm counting down the seconds until Spring graces us. But for everyone else, they're buying their chocolate hearts, flowers and cards for Valentine's day tomorrow. If I'm honest there shouldn't be one specific holiday where we shower each other with love, everyday should be filled with lots of love so I prefer to celebrate this day in a simple way. Fresh flowers because I love them so, a nice delicious and easy meal, and a batch of freshly baked cookies in the shape of cute hearts, of course. But it doesn't mean I don't love all the pretty things Valentine's day inspires us to make….Beijos Events I want to party with your adorable gals!
Wishing you lots of love this Valentine's Day eve!


text:
Q: rbind multiple lists of dataframes into a list I am looking for a more elegant or efficient solution of appending multiple lists of data frames into a single list. For simplicity, let's assume we deal with the following case:
my_func <- function(i) {
  # function to generate a list with two data frames
  head(cars, i * 5) -> df1
  head(iris, i * 5) -> df2

  return(list(df1, df2))
}

Let us say we want to execute the function my_func three times and rbind the results in a list:
#output

Map(rbind, my_func(1), my_func(2), my_func(3)) -> out
#this would not be so elegant if we have to run the function many times.

#or

for (i in 1:3) {
  if (i == 1) {
    out <- my_func(i)
  } else {
    out <- Map(rbind, out, my_func(i))
  }
}

I am not looking for something like this:
do.call(rbind, lapply(1:3, function(i) my_func(i)[[1]]))
do.call(rbind, lapply(1:3, function(i) my_func(i)[[2]]))

I would like the final output as a list containing the appended data frames.
Thank you.

A: One tidyverse way would be -
library(dplyr)
library(purrr)

map(1:3, my_func) %>% transpose() %>% map(bind_rows)

#[[1]]
#   speed dist
#1      4    2
#2      4   10
#3      7    4
#4      7   22
#5      8   16
#6      4    2
#7      4   10
#8      7    4
#...
#...

#[[2]]
#   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#1           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa
#2           4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa
#3           4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa
#4           4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa
#5           5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa
#6           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa
#...
#...

A: We can use
map(1:3, my_func) %>%
     transpose %>%
     lapply(bind_rows)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
TSFM Vol. 4
Giovanni ALTIERI
Giovanni Altieri is the Director of Business Affairs, Content and Product Placement of RTI Mediaset Group, in charge of the whole content creation process of Mediaset Group.
Sami ARPA
Sami Arpa is the ceo and co-founder of Sofy.tv, which is a video-on-demand platform exclusively for films shorter than 40 minutes. Sofy.tv is originated as a start-up from Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, a leading technical university in the world. The mission of Sofy.tv is to make short films accessible to a wide audience and create new revenue streams for short filmmakers. Sofy.tv is a unique platform not only with its content, it also presents some cutting-edge technologies to increase the user experience.
Agustì ARGELICH
Director of Filmets Badalona Film Festival, as well as BCN Sports Film and program planner of Subtravelling Barcelona (the film festival in the subway of Barcelona), Director of the program Curtcircuit 33 of TV3 Televisió de Catalunya (international short films broadcasting), member of the Catalan Academy of Cinema (Acadèmia de Cinema Català) and member of CFF Catalunya Film Festivals.
Hélène AUCLAIRE
After studying literature and cinema at the Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris, she worked in different areas (programming, public relations and protocol) at several film festivals in France (Angers Film Festival, Paris Film Festival and La Rochelle Film Festival). She has been Head of the Film Department at La Semaine de la Critique at Cannes since 2006.
Doris BAUER
Doris Bauer is co-director at VIS Vienna Shorts, the international short film festival in Vienna. 2012 she co-founded the Austrian Film Festival Forum, an association of the most important film festivals in Austria, of which she was the spokeswoman until 2018. She studied Political Science at the University of Vienna. From 2006 to 2014 she worked as the managing director of the video library Filmgalerie 8½. Between 2008 and 2014, she was the director of the summer short film festival espressofilm.
Franco BOCCA GELSI
Franco Bocca Gelsi is a film Producer born in 1964. He achieved academic education at E.A.V.E. and Eurodoc. He has several years of professional activity; he has produced and co-produced over twenty works. He is active in international markets and festivals. As a professional trainer and teacher he collaborated with major film schools of Milan on the figure of the Producer at European levels (IULM, NABA, CSC, Civic School of Milan). He is President of CAN – Film and Audio-visual Industry of Milan (Lombardy).
Laura BRIAND
Laura Briand has been Producer at Les films d'ici for more than 14 years. The company has expanded over the last 30 years by staying faithful to writers & directors & accompanying new talent. Its catalogue contains over 800 films: major feature length documentaries, drama, one hour documentaries, animation, interactive projects across all production and distribution formats, with a strong presence on international markets & festivals.
Gledis BICA
Gledis Bica is the Festival Director of KO:SH Film Fest and he is also a film director and actor, known for Baba (2011), Biseda (2016) and L'amour fou (2018).
Aimone BODINI
Aimone works as XR Manager & Specialist at Proxima Milano and in 2018 he has also been the curator both of the immersive section of Milano Film Festival and Torino Short Film Market. "He's also author of the book "Narrative Language of Virtual Reality" in which he explored this new medium. Aimone's approach to Virtual Reality has been internationally recognized, leading him to take part as speaker in numerous immersive media focused events around the world.
Lucie CANISTRO
Lucie Canistro is Senior Product Manager and Short Film Acquisitions at UniversCiné, VOD label dedicated to independent French cinema of Le Meilleur du Cinéma. Since May 2019, she joined the marketing division and she is in charge of the VOD short film offer (acquisitions and promotion), of the marketing and editorial enhancement of the whole catalogue (short and feature films) on the VOD UniversCiné platform and IPTV and of partnerships and communication actions.
Ronan CASSIDY
Ronan Cassidy is a Producer with Carbonated Comet Productions . Ronan's Screen Ireland funded documentary The Vasectomy Doctor, directed by Paul Webster, premiered at the Cork Film Festival 2018 and is currently on the festival circuit, winning numerous Best Short Film and Audience Award. He is currently producing and directing More Than A Whistle funded by the Broadcast Authority of Ireland and EirSport.
Eibh COLLINS
Eibh is a Short Film Programmer & Festival Manager from Ireland. Formerly the proud Manager of Indiecork from its inception in 2013 to 2018, Eibh is currently the short film programmer for the Oscar accredited Galway Film Fleadh, the Festival Programmer for Kerry International Film Festival and Deputy Director of Irish Screen America. She has a strong knowledge of and love for short film and has curated and guest-programmed dozens of Irish short film programmes for a variety of festivals across the world.
Daniela CONRAD
Since 2018 Daniela Conrad works in the sales department of the KurzfilmAgentur Hamburg (KFA), managing the worldwide rights for more than 200 short films of all kinds of genres. She is responsible for both Sales and Acquisitions. The KurzfilmAgentur Hamburg (KFA) is an association that has devoted itself to promoting and improving the public awareness of short films, working with TV buyers, VOD and Internet platforms, non-commercial institutions, inflight entertainment and theatrical distributors.
Carlo CRESTO-DINA
Carlo Cresto-Dina is a film producer based in London and working in Italy and the UK. In 1999 he started the documentary and short film section of Fandango in Rome. In 2009 Carlo Cresto-Dina founded Tempesta, based in London and Bologna. The company's first film Corpo Celeste, Alice Rohrwacher's debut feature, premiered at Cannes 2011 and won several international awards including the Ingmar Bergman Award for Best Debut Film.
Ruth CANTARERO
Ruth is a Short Film Buyer for TVE España and currently manages international Short film acquisitions & programming for Metrópolis, a television programme on Spanish Public Television Network. For this programme she has produced "one person" chapters on artists & known international media arts events. She gives lectures, participates in round tables on festivals, as jury member or assessor in pitching sessions of short films & collaborates regularly in different artistic Spanish publications.
Marcello CAVAGNA
After law school in Milan, and a period of journalism, Marcello Cavagna directs one short film. Ever since he works at the Grec in film production.
Anaïs COLPIN
Coming from sales and exploitation for short films for Le Fresnoy and for the Festival de Cannes, Anaïs Colpin is now in charge of distribution and sales for Manifest since its creation in December 2015. She manages a catalogue of more than 100 films, for which she ensures a career in major film festivals as well as sales in France and abroad.
Raffaella CONTI
After a university degree in Russian language and literature she was employed 5 years at a company specializing in the design and realization of art exhibitions and cultural projects. Raffaella Conti has been in charge of Toscana Film Commission since 2006 and has been the Secretary General of the Italian Film Commissions, the national association of Italian Film Commissions, since 2014.
Laurent CROUZEIX
Laurent Crouzeix is on the Executive team responsible for the Clermont-Ferrand Short Film Festival and the Short Film Market. He is also Project Manager for the shortfilmdepot.com platform, which he started developing in 2004 together with Roger Gonin. In 2009 he launched the short films co-production forum Euro Connection. Together with Chilean director Luis Briceño, he wrote and directed his debut stop motion short Amerigo and the New World (2019) and is now developing a live action political story and a hybrid animated sci-fi project in a nearly extinct language.
Rimantė DAUGĖLAITĖ
Rimantė Daugėlaitė has been the managing director of the Lithuanian Short Film Agency Lithuanian Shorts since 2012 and the head of the Vilnius International Short Film Festival since 2009. She has been working in the audio-visual sector for nearly ten years and has coordinated multiple culture, film promotion projects, also produced several Lithuanian short films. She is an alumna of the Berlinale Talents and the MAIA Workshops.
Niclas DUE GILLBERG
Niclas was born in 1980 in Uppsala, Sweden. He has studied Film Studies, Aesthetics and Art History at Uppsala University and Stockholm University. He has a degree in Film Curation at Göteborg University. Since 2001 he has worked with Uppsala International Short Film Festival and since 2004 he has been the Director of the festival. He is also a freelance writer, lecturer and curator.
Tom DENOËL
After a law bachelor's degree and a master's degree in film and performing arts, Tom Denoël joined Tarantula in 2016 as a production assistant. For the past few months, he has been in charge of legal coordination as well as the first line contact for foreign co-producers within the frame of Tarantula's international co-productions.
Pascale FAURE
One of the leading specialists for short films in France. For 20 years she has been working in the field of cinema and artistic creation. Since 2001 she is in charge of the department of Short Programs and Creations at Canal+. In addition she is the Producer of L'oeil de Links, a webzine about the creative activity on the net and Top of the shorts, the weekly magazine of short film on Canal +.
William FITZGERALD
William Fitzgerald was appointed Programme Director of the Galway Film Fleadh in 2018 , after eight years in various roles with the festival, including as short film programmer and festival publicist. He has also worked with the Foyle Film Festival in Derry and the Tribeca Film Festival and Irish Screen America festival in New York. Fitzgerald holds a BA in Film and Television from GMIT and an MA in Film Studies from NUI, Galway.
Florian FERNANDEZ
Holding a Master degree in Film Studies – after studying Cinema, Literature & Arts – Florian Fernandez joined Cannes Court Métrage team in 2014. Since then, he coordinates the Industry events (workshops, pitches, meetings, panels, masterclasses…) of the Short Film Corner – a six-day Forum organised by the Festival de Cannes, which aims to promote short film forms and emerging talents. This networking event wants to facilitate the interactions between the filmmakers & the short film industry, and gathers hundreds of international professionals every year.
Nina FRESE
Nina Frese is a Decision Maker and works for Pandora Film. She joined Pandora Film in 2014 (after over a decade in feature film and documentary production, development and distribution), to oversee project development and manage the German side of international co-productions, of all projects by company co-founder Reinhard Brundig. Since 2017, she also develops and co-produces her own projects through the company.
Sergio GARCIA DE LEANIZ
Sergio Garcia de Leaniz has been Project Manager at Eurimages since 2012. Prior to that, he worked as an executive producer at Televisión Española (TVE, Spain´s national broadcaster) and has a long film-producing career with credits that include Vicente Aranda's Carmen. In addition, he has written, directed and produced the feature documentary Cambio de sentido (Weapons of Mass Addiction), awarded and selected in numerous festivals, including the Warsaw Film Festival.
Christine GENDRE
Head of the short film service at UniFrance (an organization promoting French cinema abroad) for thirty years, Christine Gendre exercises her reign with passion. Acting as an ambassador to festival programmers, distributors and foreign buyers, her rich knowledge of the heritage of the short format allows her to accompany works of all kinds by providing advice to directors, actors and producers.
Alessandro GROPPLERO
Alessandro Gropplero started working in 2003 with the company Pidgin; later he moved on to collaborate with the company Number 9 Films and in 2005 he started working for the Far East Film Festival. In 2007 he was appointed Head of International Relations of the FVG Audio-visual Fund and in this capacity he has planned the international policy of the fund and managed a variety of events, such as WEMW, Ties That Bind and Re-Act.
Marion GUTH
Cofounder of a_BAHN, an award winning film production company based in Luxembourg, Marion Guth is an impact and creative producer, bringing together the traditional worlds of film and television with new media, engaging audiences in response. She has also recently founded a non-profit to create a more inclusive film industry in Luxembourg and beyond.
Anne GASHÜTZ
Anne Gaschütz, Festival Organizer and Programmer, moved to England straight after school and later studied Film in Wales. Upon returning to Dresden she worked in film production at the Dresden-based production company filoufilm. She has been part of the selection committee for the International Competition of FILMFEST DRESDEN since 2013 and is also responsible for the platform Visegrád in Short(s). In 2019 she became the festival's Deputy Director.
Amos GEVA
Growing up in two very different countries such as England and Israel allowed him to act as an observer to different situations. He served 3 years of mandatory military service as a video editor/director and graduated with excellence from Tel Aviv University, BFA in the film & television department, in 2014. Work experience as AD at Channel 23 Studios (Israel), production manager at Green Productions in charge of raising funds, forming partnerships and PR.
Reta GUETG
Rea Guetg is the Head of Industry and Programmer of Zurich Film Festival since 2016. After a BA Communication in Zurich and a post-graduation in Cinema at Lausanne University, she frequented a MA in Arts and Film Studies. She joined the team of shnit International Shortfilmfestival in 2003 and she has been Artistic Director from 2003 to 2014.
Gianluca GUZZO
Gianluca Guzzo studied classical dance & computer engineering in Milan. He started his professional career as a dancer, developing a deep sense for aesthetic and the ability of interpreting fashion trends. In 2000 he started MYMovies.it and in 2010 he launched the attached streaming platform for art-house films. He co-produced the feature documentaries Lousiana (The Other Side) (2015) and What Your Gonna Do When the World's On Fire (2018) directed by Roberto Minervini.
Jing HAASE
Jing Haase is Festival Manager for shorts and docs at the Swedish Film Institute. As part of the International Department she promotes contemporary Swedish films of all genres outside Sweden in the various arenas provided by festivals, markets and other special events. She have been Market Manager at Nordisk Panorama, non-profit organisation dedicated to the promotion of Nordic short and documentary films.
Filipa HENRIQUES
Lara HICKEY
Lara Hickey is an award winning Irish film and theatre Producer working in the industry for over 10 years. Most recently Lara produced the award winning short films BAINNE directed by Jack Reynor and Cynthia, directed by Jack Hickey and starring Clare Dunne and Moe Dunford, both premiered and awarded at the 31st Galway Film Fleadh. She is currently Co-Director of Copper Alley Productions and Producer with THISISPOPBABY and Anabasis Films. Her film & television credits include the BBC, Element Pictures, RTÉ, Vico Films, Zodiak Media, EON and NBC Universal.
Mick HANNIGAN
Mick Hannigan is Co-Director of IndieCork, the biggest festival for shorts in Ireland. He was the founding Cinemas Director of the Irish Film Centre, leaving that position to establish the Kino Arthouse Cinema in Cork which he ran for 13 years. He has served on the boards of the Federation of Irish Film Societies, the Irish Film Institute and the Irish Film Board. He is currently a board member of the International Short Film Conference.
Jack HICKEY
Jack is an actor and award winning writer and director, based between London and Dublin. He is currently Director of Copper Alley Productions. He starred in Neasa Hardiman's Sea Fever which premiered at TIFF in 2019. His credits as an actor include Penny Dreadful (Showtime), Vikings (History Channel/Take 5), Jericho (ITV), Rebellion (RTÉ), Emmerdale (ITV), Game of Thrones (HBO) and feature films Mary Shelley and The Light of Day. Jack has recently made Cynthia, his first short film as a director, produced by Copper Alley.
Valeria JAMONTE
Valeria Jamonte is head of scouting and development for tempesta, Italy and UK based production company. tempesta was funded in 2009 and since then has been producing award winning films with internationally recognized authors, such as Alice Rohrwacher (Happy as Lazzaro, The Wonders) and Leonardo Di Costanzo (The Interval, The Intruder). Along with new titles for cinema, tempesta has several TV series in development.
Geneviève KINET
Since 1996, Geneviève Kinet works for Wallonie Bruxelles Images. Who's the official international promotion agency for the audio-visual arts and industry of the Walloon-Brussels Community. Her mission is to promote audio-visual works from Wallonia-Brussels at international festival and market events. She's responsible for the short film department.
Frauke KNAPPKE
Frauke has more than 13 years experience in the media industry field and holds a diploma in Cultural Studies from the University of Hildesheim. She worked as acquisitions manager for interfilm Berlin short film sales, as interfilm festival programmer, as project assistant for Vision Kino and as a freelance booker for alternative content. In 2015 she joined MagnetFilm to handle festivals & theatrical bookings for their growing feature documentary line-up and also to acquire short films (fiction & animation).
Fiona KINSELLA
Fiona Kinsella, who has over 20 years' experience in film and television production. Fiona's heartfelt passion for film, coupled with her extensive experience in film industry training and development, give her an instinctive ability to bring out the very best in the many talented people with whom she works. As well as the rich array of commercials she has delivered, Fiona has also produced a number of highly regarded short films for Screen Ireland/Fís Éireann.
Anne LUTHAUD
Anne Luthaud is the Grec's General Delegate since 2011. She was at the begining of Femis, where she was the Director of Studies until 1992. Then she worked as a publisher and edited the review « cinemas croisés ». She wrote several novels (last one Calypso, january 2018, éditions Buchet-Chastel).
Costantino MARGIOTTA
After gaining experience in dramaturgy and acting at the Arts School of the Teatro Biondo in Palermo, Costantino Margiotta attended the Mediaset scriptwriting course. In 2002, he worked briefly as a Rai correspondent and in the same year, became a creative producer for Canale 5 TV series. In 2014, he has found Flimflam, a company that deals with editorial services. In addition to his work with Mediaset, he is Head of Drama (Cinema & new media) for Casanova Multimedia.
Andrea MASERA
Andrea Masera is Partner and General Manager of Proxima Milano, one of the leading VFX studios in Italy. Producer of Ultra Reality and of the Digita!'s VR section. Author of the original concept In Music VR Experience. Since 2015, he has been responsible for the development of the Proxima Milano's R&D department, dedicated to the creation, production and distribution of the most innovative technologies for Extended Reality experiences.
Gaia MEUCCI-ASTLEY
Gaia Meucci-Astley was born in Italy in 1976. Since 2012 she is Short Film Programmer of Encounters Festival in Bristol, UK. Previously engaged in animation production, short film distribution, film festivals operations and programming: Short Film Programmer for Edinburgh IFF 2009-2010, positions for BFI London IFF and Clermont-Ferrand SFF. She collaborates as a script reader and assessor for emerging talent in schemes of various organisations including BFI Network, Shore Scripts, Creative England and the Guiding Lights.
Massimo MODUGNO
Born in Bari, graduated in Communication Science. He had worked as Film Editor from 2004 to 2010. In 2005 he was co-founder of a Cinema School for young people aged from 16 to 21, based in Bari. He has been working in Apulia Film Commission since the 2010, first as Multimedia Manager and then as Production Manager. As well, as part of Production Office, he's serving as post-production supervisor and delegate producer for co-production projects with other countries or institutions.
Annamaria MORELLI
Annamaria Morelli is a Producer with years of experience both in cinema and TV series. Se began to work for RAI as Story Editor, then she joined Mediaset and collaborated with them many years producing many Italian hit TV series. During her career she has often been focused on talent scouting with regard to original projects of emerging authors and directors and has been involved in important, successful film company start-up.
Andamion MURATAJ
Andamion Murataj is an Albanian film director, producer, and screenwriter currently living in New York. He is best known for the script of The Forgiveness of Blood, which he co-wrote with Joshua Marston.
Violette MARTIN
Having started her career in short film and TV production in Paris, Violette moved to London and started working in distribution, first for Shorts International and ShortsTV and then in the sales team at BBC Worldwide and Sony Pictures Television. Since 2017 Violette has been leading UK and international film sales for the BFI, working closely with BFI creative, curatorial and digital teams as well as international distributors and broadcasters. BFI Film Sales catalogue includes a mix of shorts and feature films from major independent film makers.
Claire MC CABE
Claire has produced two short films for Screen Ireland, Procession, with writer/director Jeda de Brí and Break US, with writer/director Rioghnach Ní Ghrioghair for 925 Productions. She has just received funding for anther short called An Encounter, written by Mark O'Halloran and to be directed by Kelly Campbell for Cowtown Pictures. Claire also works as a Production Manager and Executive, on a Lithuanian/Irish co-production for Samson Films called The Castle, on feature projects Float Like a Butterfly, Wildfire, Rose Plays Julie and End of Silence and on short films Moth and Creep Hunt for Failsafe Films.
Alessandra MILETTO
Alessandra Miletto is graduated in Film Studies in Turin. She has been scholar and she has taught Film Education. She has worked as a Production Manager for Film Commission Vallée d'Aoste until 2013, when she was appointed Director of the foundation. From 2015 she's international consultant for Italian Film Commissions Association and MiBACT, and Festival Programmer and Coordinator. In 2017 she was appointed again Director of Film Commission Vallée d'Aoste.
Felipe MONTOYA
Chief of Programming of BOGOSHORTS – Bogotá Short Film Festival since 2015, Felipe Montoya has worked as producer, distribution and PR manager of VARTEX Experimental Film Showcase, Pantalones Cortos Film Marathon, Santa Fe de Antioquia Film Festival, Cultura AV Collective, among other events and institutions. He is currently taking Film Curating studies at Elías Querejeta Zine Eskola (Spain), and holds a BA in Audiovisual and Multimedia Communication from University of Antioquia (Colombia).
Soňa MORGENTHALOVÁ
Program Coordinator for MIDPOINT, Soňa studied Film Studies and Audiovisual Culture at Masaryk University in Brno. She worked as a TV news reporter focused on the South Moravian region (2011-2012) and as a PR & Marketing Coordinator for Brno Tourist Information Centre. After moving to Prague she started to work for a casting agency, participating on several international projects. She joined MIDPOINT in July 2017.
Joanna NELSON
Joanna Nelson is a Venezuelan-Belgian writer, producer and director with a degree in Global Economics and Management. With seven years of experience in the audio-visual industry, since 2015, she has made four short films and currently works as the Head of partnerships for FilmarketHub.com, an online marketplace that connects film and television projects in development with the audio-visual industry.
Rioghnach NÍ GHRIOGHAIR
With a BA in Film and TV Production and MA in Screenwriting, Rioghnach has straddled both sides of the development table for nearly a decade in the Irish TV and Film Industry. She has worked with Dublin's Blinder Films for two years and started working for Samson Films in 2015. Along with Samson, she continues to work freelance as a Script Editor and Development Producer for other companies in Ireland and the UK.
Derry O'BRIEN
Derry O'Brien is Managing Director of Network Ireland Television, Ireland's foremost independent T.V. and film Distribution Company. Derry regularly attends the main international short film festivals and has participated at various seminars on TV and Short Films across Europe and North America. He is currently chairman of the Creative Europe Desk, Ireland. In the past 25 years NITV has represented 16 short films and documentaries that have been nominated for an Academy Award.
Katarzyna OZGA
Katarzyna Ozga is a Head of Production of Iris Group, an international production and distribution company with branches in Luxembourg, France, Germany and Belgium. Over the years, Iris Group produced and co-produced more than 100 films with its international partners, sold internationally over 200 films and distributed more than 300 films in France. Today, with its reputation in terms of production and distribution, the group is a key strategic player in the European film market.
William PAGE
William Page is the co-founder of Film Doo, an independent and international film platform that helps the public to discover new films from all over the world. In particular, Page deals with the management of the transactions in the market of UK and Australia.
Alessandra PASTORE
Alessandra has 15 years of experience in the audiovisual industry. She has also been involved in the setup and coordination of international vocational training programmes for emerging professionals. She also consults with production companies on development and co-production issues and she is frequently called to lecture on training initiatives both in Italy and abroad. She is Industry Coordinator at the co-production forum WEMW, and she is the Head of Industry of Meeting Point – Vilnius. Alessandra is member of the EFA.
Fabrice Préel-Cléach is a French film producer. He has produced and co-produced more than fifty short and feature films, several of which have received important awards. Besides beeing the founder and executive producer of the Paris-based Offshore Production Company, he has been the President of the Short Film College of the Syndicat des Producteurs indépendants and a member of the Unifrance Short Film Commission.
Antonio PARENTE
Antonio Parente works since 2011 as the Head of General Management and Communication at Cineporti di Puglia (Bari – Lecce – Foggia) dealing with general management and event planning, community resource management, public alerts, human resources coordination and incoming national and foreign film productions for cinema and TV. Since January 2016 he serves as Chief Executive Officer of Apulia Film Commission.
Susanna PELLIS
Susanna Pellis is the Artistic Director of IRISHFILMFESTA. Graduated at the University of Rome "La Sapienza", she has published two books and several essays on Irish cinema; as critic, she has written several articles for different magazines. She has created (and currently directs) the IRISHFILMFESTA, a festival entirely dedicated to the Irish cinema that has been held at the Casa del Cinema in Rome since 2007.
Giorgia PRIOLO
Giorgia Priolo is EDI's Producer in charge of Film and Series development. With the Company Film Kairos she has produced films like As the Shadows by Marina Spada (Venice Days 2006), Black Sea by Federico Bondi (Locarno 2008), My Tomorrow by Marina Spada (Rome FF 2011) and she has co-produced The Unknown by Giuseppe Tornatore. She is founding member of Women in Film (TV & Media Italia).
Salette RAMALHO
Salette Ramalho studied art and held several exhibitions before becoming a selection committee member at Curtas Vila do Conde. Since 2004, she has been the international promotion and distribution manager at Agencia, raising the visibility and recognition of Portuguese short films worldwide. For several years, she was a jury member for film project funding at the Portuguese Film Institute. She programmes for cultural centres and film festivals all over the world.
Gilles RÉUNIS
After working for 5 years as the leader of the distribution company Cinéart, Gilles Réunis is actually in charge of acquisitions for Betv – VOO and chooses and buys films, téléfilms and short films for PayTV and VOD. He is also involved in the coproduction of Belgian full-length films and short films.
Carlo RODOMONTI
Carlo Rodomonti is a Manager specialized in the entertainment and media sector and he teaches Economics of cross-media at the Catholic University of Milan. He also has a considerable experience in the launch of film products and in the integrated management of digital, social and VR platforms. In his current role as Head of Strategic and Digital Marketing at RAI Cinema, he launched the first Italian app VR and supervised RAI's first trans-media project, Happy Birthday.
Marija RAZGUTE
Marija Razgute is a Lithuanian film producer who established a film production company M-Films (Ciobreliai) in 2008. Meanwhile she has produced 9 short films – fiction, documentary and animation. Marija has joined Vilnius ISFF as a producer and part of the programming team in 2010, a year later she became one of the co-founders of Lithuanian short film agency promoting short films internationally. Since 2013 Marija started producing feature films.
Manuela RIMA
Manuela Rima works at Rai Cinema, in the marketing field as a research and production manager for content specialized to the web site dedicated to cinema. She started working for Mediaset as a director of TV programs, in 2006 she moved to Rome in order to follow her passion for cinema and here she worked on several movie sets, since 2011 she has become part of Rai Cinema's staff.
Paola RUGGERI
Responsible of the Short Films Selection for Mediaset Premium's pay tv channels, she works from 17 years as International TV Marketing and Programming Analyst at RTI. She teaches at the Catholic University in Milan (Writing and Producing for Tv and Cinema) and has published works on the fiction and international tv markets as well as short films.
Silvia SANDRONE
The Creative Europe Desk Italy for the Media Sub-programme is the national information and promotion office that offers help to filmmakers and all audiovisual industry professionals to apply to the media's funding schemes and benefit from the support system. Our offices also host and attends event across Italy to promote the programme. CED Italy Media consists of three offices (Rome, Turin and Bari) operating within Istituto Luce and MiBACT. Creative Europe is the European Union's programme to support the cultural, creative and audio-visual sectors. Launched in January 2014, Creative Europe brings together a Culture sub-programme, which provides funding for the cultural and creative sectors, and a MEDIA sub-programme, which invests in film, television, new media and games.
Eva SCHWEIZER
From 2008 to 2015, Eva Schweizer was a member of the Selection Team and Program Coordination for Shnit International Shortfilmfestival (Berne, Switzerland). From 2011, she is the Program Planner at SRF (Swiss Radio and Television) in Zurich, Switzerland. She recommends short films for acquisition and put together different short film programs, like Short Film Night in December, for two TV channels, SRF 1 and SRF zwei.
Szymon STEMPLEWSKI
Besides being the creator of multiple cultural and artistic projects, Szymon Stemplewski is the cofounder and head of the Ad Arte Foundation, which was created in 2003 and it operates at the intersection of film, art and music. The foundation provides its audience constant access to unconventional cultural events such as film screenings with exceptional audio-visuals, exhibitions and workshops. In addition, he is the founder and Concept Designer of Short Waves Festival, an international short film festival organized in Poznań since 2009.
Luciano SCHITO
Graduated in Cinema with a post-graduate training in Film Art Management, Luciano Schito has worked for numerous film and television productions dealing with directing, production and location management. He has been the Artistic and Operational Director of the "OFFF- Otranto Film Fund Festival" and works for Apulia Film Commission since 2013.
Jennifer SMYTH
Jennifer Smyth joined Screen Ireland in 2017 after working across Production and Distribution with Fastnet Films and Wildcard Distribution. She currently holds the position of Production & Development Coordinator providing support to the Production, Development, and Distribution team across a wide range of projects and schemes.
Marta ŚWIĄTEK
Marta Świątek. Born in 1985 in Częstochowa, Poland. Graduated from Inter-faculty Individual Studies in Humanities at Jagiellonian University (Krakow, Poland). In 2012 she joined Krakow Film Foundation where she works in Film Promotion Agency. She is Krakow Film Market coordinator and Polish Shorts programme coordinator.
Eva THUNELL
Eva Thunell, founder of VoD platform Shortly.film, is a serial entrepreneur, and gamechanger. She worked in the feature film and fiction department at Swedish Television, ran parts of Stockholm International Film Festival for the festivals first 7 years, initiated the arts & IT program for Stockholm Culture capital program.. She's working to disrupt the short films industry and support filmmakers to market their films in a completely new way to a new mass audience.
Daniel VADOCKY
Daniel Vadocky is a Programmer of the short film competitive and non-competitive feature film section "American Indies" at the Art Film Fest in Slovakia. He has worked as Head of Sales at The National Film Archive in Prague and currently works as a Sales Agent for Negativ Film Productions.
Ben VANDENDAELE
Born in 1981 in Belgium. After his studies at the Rits film school, he started working at Czar.be as media manager, editor. In 2009 he produced his first short film "Siemiany", that premiered at Clermont-Ferrand ISFF and the Berlinale. Since the end of 2012 he's freelance producer/post-producer and founded his own production company, Bekke Films, that has been producing several award winning short films.
Skye VON
Skye Von is an award-winning Creative Producer & Director known for her unique approach of blending traditional storytelling and new media formats to create unique, meaningful transmedia experiences and the founder of little GIANT Wolf and Howl For Change. The transmedia story studio little GIANT Wolf focuses on participatory multi-platform projects helping nonprofits, brands and agencies engage with their audience.
David VAN POPPEL
David Van Poppel is a film programmer from Toronto, Canada. He currently specializes in programming in-flight content for Air Canada, including short films.
Born in 1984, she hold a BA in Modern Literature, a post-graduate in Performing Arts and Multimedia Production and an MA in Law and Economics of Art Culture. From 2012 to 2017 she collaborates with the Tavolara Film Festival, and since 2015 with the Sardegna Film Commission Foundation on various film productions among which Loro by Paolo Sorrentino. In 2018 she joins the Olbia Film Network working on public relations.
Paul Webster is an award-winning writer and director of both documentary and drama. He studied in GMIT and NUI Galway before going on to work in production for one of Ireland's leading production companies, Element Pictures (Room, The Favourite.) He later worked as a script editor on Fair City and he is now a regular writer on the popular TV series. Paul has directed several short films, including Borderland and The Vasectomy Doctor, produced by Ronan Cassidy of Carbonated Comet Productions.
Claire WILLEMIN
Claire Willemin is graduated in Production and Distribution at the ESEC – École Supérieure d'Etudes Cinématographiques. She collaborated with Cannes XR the section dedicated to Virtual Reality and the Short Film Corner at the Film Market at the Festival de Cannes. She is now assistant at the Short Films Division of UniFrance.
Hazel WU
Hazel WU graduated from the London Film School & University of Exeter's International Film Business MA with a focus on sales and distribution strategies in the international market. She continues to explore market-based decision-making and the intuition of film marketing and sales. Hazel WU joined Serendipity in 2017, in charge of the business department. She is one of the producer of A Song Within Us (2019) , a Taiwanese aboriginal VR music project.
Pawel WIESZCZECINSKI
From programming, critic to finally distribution, Pawel wore many film industry hats for the last 12 years in order to establish a new, mainly devoted to emerging cinematic talent, curated, on-line film streaming service with editorial and screening component. Formerly associated with many international film festivals in Europe and United States.
Elaine WONG
Elaine Wong is a Film Programmer and VR Film Distributor. She is a programme advisor for short film for the BFI London Film Festival. Since 2016, she has produced the Alternate Realities Market at Sheffield Doc/Fest, for non-fiction projects using VR and Emerging Technologies. She is Distribution Manager of Other Set, a company specialising in distributing VR content.
Lendita ZEQIRAJ
Lendita Zeqiraj is an award-winning Kosovar film director, screenwriter and visual artist. Born in 1972 in Prishtina, she graduated and post-graduated in Visual Arts at The Academy of Arts in Prishtina. During the war in Kosovo, she moves to Paris and starts writing and directing films. In 2014 she's declared National Filmmaker of the Year, and won The Annual Film Excellence Award for Cinematic Achievements by the Kosovo Ministry of Culture.


You do if you're riding a bicycle with an outdated sensor.
Replied in What do you think of Grey Market A7R III for only $2,250?
I think the problem if banding is only with led lights, not artificial lights generally. And, as you say, the A9 does not have the problem even with led lights.
Fanboys and trolls are not worth engaging with. They are not actually trying to have a conversation, and they never communicate in good faith.
I wouldn't worry about it. Enjoy your new camera! It takes pictures! You should take some!
Replied in Bad experience with 6ave photo. They tried to keep $300 of my money.
Created discussion thread Bad experience with 6ave photo. They tried to keep $300 of my money.
Replied in Can you show us a sample image with the EXIF intact?
Can you show us a sample image with the EXIF intact?
LOL. You mean the "woefully inadequate" a7III that they can't keep in stock anywhere even though it was introduced more than six months ago?


There is a lot to process when taking on a peer review. Here is a broad overview of the elements that can help you do a good job.
When you receive an invitation to review, the article's abstract will help you decide whether it's within your area of interest and expertise. Remember to respond promptly or else you might delay the process.
Keep the contents of any manuscripts you're reviewing confidential. You would expect the same of others reviewing your own work. What's more, if you've submitted similar research of your own, or if you've reviewed the article for a different journal, let the editor know there's a conflict of interest. Agreeing to a review for personal gain is not the done thing.
When commenting, make sure your remarks stay within the scope of the paper and don't veer off subject. If you're unclear of the scope, editorial policy, presentation and submission requirements, speak to the editor or read the Author Guidelines.
Your review should ultimately help the author improve the paper. So make sure you offer some constructive feedback, even if your recommendation ends up being to reject.
Carefully analyzing and commenting on a manuscript can take a good chunk of time. Make sure you have enough time available when taking on a review.
Structure your comments by numbering them. It makes the editor's life a lot easier. You can also divide them into major and minor issues to help authors prioritize corrections. Keep comments to authors separate from the confidential ones to editors. But make sure your comments to authors correspond to your assessment on the confidential review and checklists.
If you're reviewing a paper that's in English but wasn't written by a native speaker, it's good to be tolerant and point out elements that change the meaning, rather than commenting on the quality of their English.
The conclusion will give you a good idea whether the research is an exciting development within its own field.
Editors find it useful if you comment on the number of replicates, controls and statistical analyses. Strong statistics are crucial to determining whether the outcome is robust.
If a paper you're reviewing is really good and an excellent addition to the existing literature, don't be afraid to say so.


October 9, 2017, Boulder, CO–Cyclists 4 Community is teaming up with the City of Boulder and Boulder County to be more visible while riding. As the days grow shorter, we want to help cyclists stay safe and be seen, both day and night, with lights, front and back. C4C, in conjunction with the City of Boulder, Boulder County, Nite Ize and Skratch Labs, will be giving away free lights at this event, and the first 50 to purchase tickets will also receive two free light sets from Nite Ize (value $40). Participants will receive the c front and back wheel light set and the TwistLit front and back light set. These two light sets will allow you to be see from the front, back and sides. Proceeds from this event will benefit Cyclists 4 Community ongoing bike safety program.
Says David Kemp, Senior Transportation Planner for City of Boulder, "The City of Boulder's Toward Vision Zero safety initiative takes a strategic approach at eliminating crashes that result in serious injury. Getting more cyclists to use lights at night–and during the day–is a safety precaution that works toward this vision.
• A stronger headlight (300 lumens or above) is recommended on multi-use paths, where light is low and is much darker at night than streets.
Tickets: $20 pre-purchased online here: Lighten UP Boulder Event Tickets, or purchased at the door for $25. Tickets for children, $5 online or $10 day of event.
Entry Fee entitles holder to food and 2 pints of beer or glasses of wine, plus appetizers and non-alcoholic beverages at Full Cycle from 5:30pm to 9pm. Your name will be added to the preregistered guest list. You do not need to bring a copy of your receipt to the event. Must be 21 or older to consume alcoholic beverages.


A man woke up in the morning with a headache and saw a rose, an Aspirin, water and a note on the bed side table written on it: "Breakfast is on the table I am off to the store".
When he went down stairs he saw his son and asked him what happened last night.
Calling a cab when you're too drunk: $21.50.
Saying the right things at the right time: Priceless.
I never understood why we call men "pigs" and "dogs"…pigs are smart and dogs are loyal.
Men are like chocolate bars…they're sweet and smooth but head straight for your hips.
While creating men, God promised women that a good and ideal man would be found in all corners of the world, then He made the earth round.
Men are like parking spaces; The good ones are taken and the only ones left are handicapped.
You know… There is a name for people who are always wrong about everything all the time… Husband!!!
Menopause, menstrual cramps, mental illness, mental breakdowns…ever notice that all of your problems begin with men?
So many men so little asprin.
MEN ARE LIKE BUSES… IF YOU MISS ONE ANOTHER ONE WILL BE COMING IN 5 MINUTES.
Men are the head of the family , Women are the neck ,they can turn the head wherever they please.
Men are like commercials, you can't believe a word they say.
When you see a homeless man, feel no pity. He should have listened to his wife.
There are easier things in life than trying to find a nice guy…like nailing jelly to a tree for example.
The only difference between men and boys are the size of their shoes and the price of their toys.
What do men and clouds have in common???… When both are not around its a nice day!
Men only have two faults, everything they say and everything they do.
Always go for a beautiful, intelligent & loving boy. But make sure the three boys don't meet each other.
Don't trust a man who offers you the moon and the stars… Cause God knows his arms can't reach that far.
One day a man asked a genie to make him smarter than any other man on earth. The genie turned him into a woman.


text:
Babosdöbrétei Babos Pál Gábor (Kozmadombja, 1824. január 25. – Salomvár, 1861. augusztus 31.) királyi testőr, az 1848-as szabadságharc alatt a 19. zászlóalj főhadnagya és Pándy hadtestparancsnok segédtisztje, földbirtokos, író, fordító.

Élete
A Zala vármegyei nemesi származású babosdöbrétei Babos család sarja. Apja babosdöbrétei Babos József (1787–?), táblabíró, zalalövői főszolgabíró, földbirtokos, anyja zokoli és illyefalvi Csutor Franciska (1800–1850) asszony volt. Apai nagyszülei babosdöbrétei Babos László, kozmadombjai földbirtokos, és nemes Bertalan Éva (1769–?) asszony voltak. Anyai nagyszülei zokoli és illyefalvi Csutor János (1771–1815), táblabíró, Zala vármegye tiszti ügyésze, földbirtokos és nemesvitai Viosz Zsuzsanna (1775–1826) asszony voltak. Az anyai nagyanyai dédszülei nemesvitai Viosz József (1733-1803) táblabíró, a szántói járás alszolgabírája, földbirtokos, és a sidi Sidy családból való sidi Sidy Katalin (1749-1796) voltak. A Babos Pál királyi testőr fivére babosdöbrétei Babos Kálmán, (1825–1892) királyi kúriai elnök volt. Édesanyja révén nagybátyja zokoli és illyefalvi Csutor Imre (1813–1891) Zala vármegye alispánja, földbirtokos volt.

Tanulmányait a belovári katonaiskolán végezte. 1844-ben Babos Pált a Zalavár megye követe mellé választották írnokká; a testőrséghez került Zala vármegye ajánlatára 1845. május 1.-én. 1847-ben beosztva a pozsonyi országgyűlésre kirendelt testőrkülönítménybe. A gárdától 1848. szeptember 10-én elbocsátását kérte és szeptember 20-án el is távozott. A szabadságharcban 1848. október 1-jétől a 19. zászlóalj főhadnagya és Pándy hadtestparancsnok segédtisztje. A kassai ütközetben (1849. január 4.) fogságba esett. 1849. december 31-én ügye tisztázása végett jelentkezett a pesti császári haditörvényszék előtt. Ezután a családi földbirtokán gazdálkodott Zalában. Az 1850-es években novellái és irodalmi fordításai jelennek meg különböző lapokban: 1850-ben a Hölgyfutárban jelentek meg először versei (27., 71., 75. sz.) és eredeti beszélyei 1853-ig; ezenkívül fordításokat közölt ugyanott Boz Dickenstől (1851. 266., 1857. 44.), ifj. Dumas Sándortól (A kaméliás hölgy, regény. 1862. 144–185.) Girardin Emilnőtől (Margit vagy kettős szerelem, regény, 1853. 186–213.) Irodalmi műveinél (néhánynak kivételével) mindig nevének kezdőbetűit használta (B... s P.)

1861. augusztus 31-én hunyt el Salomváron.

Házassága

1856. november 10.-én Salomváron feleségül vette tubolyszeghi Tuboly Ilona Julianna (*Zalaegerszeg, 1832. augusztus 9.–†Salomvár, 1911. augusztus 31.) kisasszonyt, akinek a szülei tubolyszeghi Tuboly Mihály (1798–1872), Zala vármegye főjegyzője, földbirtokos és miskei Miskey Etelka (1813–1888) úrnő voltak. Az apai nagyszülei tubolyszeghi Tuboly László (1756–1828) költő, szabadkőműves, főszolgabíró, nyelvújító, földbirtokos és a tekintélyes boldogfai Farkas család sarja boldogfai Farkas Erzsébet (1761–1801) voltak. Az apai nagyapai dédszülei boldogfai Farkas Ferenc (1713–1770), Zala vármegye alispánja, földbirtokos és barkóczi Rosty Anna (1722-1784) voltak. Babos Pál és Tuboly Ilona házasságából született:
Babos Ármin (1857.–Salomvár, 1914. szeptember 7.), Zala vármegye bizottsági tag, földbirtokos. Nőtlen.
Babos Árpád Aladár Kálmán (Salomvár, 1859. június 2.–Salomvár, 1903. március 13.), Zala vármegye bizottsági tag, földbirtokos. Nőtlen.

Jegyzetek

Ellenzéki Párt-tagok
Az 1848–49-es forradalom és szabadságharc fontosabb alakjai
1824-ben született személyek
1861-ben elhunyt személyek
Római katolikus magyarok
Magyar katonák

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{Sec_Introduction}

Recent development in laser technology has brought remarkable progress in spectroscopy, analytical
spectrochemistry and mass spectrometry \cite{Wendt}. As one of the promising techniques realized
by improvement of laser performance, selective excitation and photoionization of
a specific kind of atom can be achieved with resonant absorption of a photon (or photons)
with corresponding wavelength. This resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) is combined with a
conventional mass spectrometer such as a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) or a time-of-flight
mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) to form resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS), which is now
used in various fields including geochemistry \cite{RELAX} and nuclear engineering \cite{FFDL}
for isotopic analysis of noble gas, and was once proposed for the detection of the double beta
decay and the solar neutrino \cite{Double-beta,Solar}.
Although RIMS has not relatively been a common analytical method yet, it is quite effective
in terms of its insensitivity to unwanted atoms or molecules as well as the compact size of
the apparatus compared to accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), which is considered to be a method
with the best detection limit but a lack of convenience \cite{ICP-MS-summary}.

The main characteristic of RIMS, insensitivity to unwanted atoms or molecules, leads to
the suppression of background noise level to obtain high sensitivity to a certain element.
As for the detection of trace isotopes, the effect of the tail of adjacent mass peak in
a mass spectrometer has much impact on the discrimination of a specific isotope, along with
high sensitivity of the apparatus.

Since the electronic state of an atom, dependent on each element, is also known
to be slightly different among isotopes of the same element, this subtle difference can be
discriminated by CW lasers with sufficiently narrow linewidth ($\lesssim 1\,{ \rm MHz}$) and
cannot by pulsed lasers with linewidth of typically $\gtrsim 1\,{\rm GHz}$.
Besides the general isotope discrimination by mass spectrometers like TOF-MS or QMS,
additional selectivity among isotopes can therefore be obtained by using CW lasers in the
resonance ionization part.

In this paper, we report on measurement of isotope shifts of $^{40}{\rm K}$ and $^{41}{\rm K}$
of the 405 nm line with respect to $^{39}{\rm K}$ by our compact resonance ionization mass spectrometer
consisting of two laser diodes and a QMS.
The overall detection efficiency of the spectrometer is improved compared to our previous setup
\cite{JJAP-before}, and we propose the application of RIMS to the analysis of the trace metal impurities
on or in a certain material such as the contamination assessment of semiconductor wafers.
Surface contamination, especially contamination of trace metals including potassium, can cause
a critical issue as device features continue to shrink and gate dielectrics scale
toward the atomic level \cite{Beebe}.
During high-temperature processing steps, metals at the surface can diffuse
into the silicon substrate and act as recombination centers, adding
electronic states into the band gap of silicon and degrading minority
carrier lifetimes.
Surface metallic impurities can also adversely affect silicon oxidation
rates and become incorporated in gate oxides, where they degrade gate oxide
integrity by increasing leakage currents.
Surface measurement of trace metal contamination is thus an important step
in device manufacturing.

\section{Hyperfine Splitting and Isotope Shifts of Potassium}
\label{Sec_potassium}

Among various kinds of resonance ionization schemes to achieve photoionization of potassium
\cite{RIS-K-ref}, the simplest two-photon RIS scheme, one-photon resonance excitation followed
by one-photon ionization from the excited state performed by a single laser or two lasers,
is employed for selective ionization of potassium, as shown in
Fig.~\ref{RIMS-basic}-(a), from a cost-effectiveness point of view.
The resonant wavelength of 404.8356~nm in vacuum is specific to potassium atoms, though
it differs slightly among different isotopes because of the existence of hyperfine splitting
and isotope shifts.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[b]{c}
\subfigure[Resonance ionization scheme of potassium]
{\includegraphics[height=5cm]{1a.eps}}
\hspace{0.8cm}
\subfigure[Hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of potassium isotopes relevant to this work]
{\includegraphics[height=5cm]{1b.eps}}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Electronic states of potassium isotopes.}
\label{RIMS-basic}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Hyperfine splitting}
\label{SubSec_HFS}

Hyperfine splitting (HFS) is caused by the interaction of the electron spin induced magnetic
dipole moment with the magnetic moment of the atomic nucleus, whose energy width $\Delta E$,
often divided by the Planck constant $h$ to be expressed in frequency unit, is given as follows
\cite{Diagnostics}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta E=\frac{1}{2}AC+B\frac{3C(C+1)-4I(I+1)J(J+1)}{8I(2I-1)J(2J-1)},
\label{HFS-eq}
\end{eqnarray}
where $I$ and $J$ are the nuclear spin and the total electronic angular momentum, respectively, and
\begin{eqnarray}
C=F(F+1)-I(I+1)-J(J+1).
\end{eqnarray}
$F$ is the total angular momentum including nuclear spin and can take
the following values:
\begin{eqnarray}
F=J+I,\,J+I-1,\cdots,|J-I|.
\end{eqnarray}
The HFS parameters $A$ and $B$ in Eq.~(\ref{HFS-eq}) are called the
hyperfine structure interaction constants and correspond to the
magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole constants, respectively.
In a nonrelativistic treatment, $A$ and $B$ are written for
the $n\ell$ electron state of alkali atoms to be \cite{Arimondo}:
\begin{eqnarray}
A&=&\left\{\begin{array}{ccc}
\displaystyle{-\frac{1}{h}\cdot\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\cdot\mu_{\rm B}^2\cdot
\frac{2\ell(\ell+1)}{J(J+1)}\cdot g_I\cdot
\langle r^{-3}\rangle_{n\ell}} && (\ell>0)\\
\displaystyle{-\frac{1}{h}\cdot\frac{16\pi}{3}\cdot\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\cdot
\mu_{\rm B}^2\cdot g_I\cdot\left|\Psi_s(0)\right|^2} && (\ell=0)
\end{array}\right.\\
B&=&\frac{1}{h}\cdot\frac{e^2}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\cdot\frac{2J-1}{2J+2}
\cdot\langle r^{-3}\rangle_{n\ell}\cdot Q,
\end{eqnarray}
where $n$ and $\ell$ are the principal quantum number and
the orbital angular momentum quantum number, $\mu_0$ and $\mu_{\rm B}$ are
the vacuum susceptibility and the Bohr magneton, $g_I$ is the nuclear
$g$ factor, $\langle r^{-3}\rangle_{n\ell}$ is the average over the
wave function of the electron $n\ell$ state,
$\Psi_s(0)$ is the value of the Sch$\ddot{\rm o}$dinger wave function
at the nucleus position and the scalar quantity $Q$ is conventionally
taken as a measure of the nuclear quadrupole moment, respectively.

The quadrupole term $B$ cannot be observed if $J=1/2$ as in the case of the $4\,^2$S$_{1/2}$
ground state of each potassium isotope.
The energy splitting width is therefore given by
$\Delta E=\frac{1}{2}(2I+1)A=$ $2A$, $\frac{9}{2}A$ and $2A$ for $^{39}$K, $^{40}$K and $^{41}$K,
respectively.
Figure~\ref{RIMS-basic}-(b) shows the hyperfine structure of the
$4\,{^2{\rm S}_{1/2}}$ ground state of each potassium isotope \cite{Arimondo}.
The $4\, ^2{\rm S}_{1/2}$ HFS widths of 462 MHz, 254 MHz and 1286 MHz for $^{39}{\rm K}$,
$^{40}{\rm K}$ and $^{41}{\rm K}$, respectively, are known with high accuracy,
which are also shown in this figure.

\subsection{Isotope shifts of $^{40}$K and $^{41}$K}
\label{SubSec_IS}

The isotope shift is a slight difference of the transition frequency
(wavelength) between the specific pair of the atomic states of two isotopes.
This frequency shift $\Delta\nu$ is expressed as the sum of the normal mass shift (NMS),
the specific mass shift (SMS) and the field shift (FS) as follows \cite{Behr}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta\nu=\Delta\nu_{\rm NMS}+\Delta\nu_{\rm SMS}+\Delta\nu_{\rm FS}.
\end{eqnarray}
The normal mass shift and the specific mass shift, collectively called the mass shift,
are the reduced mass correction scaling with the transition frequency and the shift arising
from the correlated motion of different pairs of atomic electrons, respectively.
The field shift is produced by the different nuclear potentials coming from the
different charge distributions.
The value of the isotope shift of a specific isotope differs among different transitions.

Isotope shifts of the 405 nm line of $^{40}{\rm K}$ and $^{41}{\rm K}$ with respect to
$^{39}{\rm K}$ are denoted as $\Delta\nu_{40}$ and $\Delta\nu_{41}$, respectively,
in Fig.~\ref{RIMS-basic}-(b).
The measured value of $\Delta\nu_{41}$ is reported to be $456.1\pm0.8$~MHz using
saturation spectroscopy \cite{Behr}.
This method is often used in the measurement of isotope shifts or
hyperfine structures because of its Doppler-free nature, but it seems rather difficult to
measure the $^{40}{\rm K}$ signal with the isotope abundance of $10^{-4}$.

\section{Experimental Setup}
\label{Sec_Upgrade}

The experimental setup in this study is described here. The basic structure has already been
published \cite{JJAP-before}, and the laser system is newly upgraded mainly
for the purpose of improving the photoionization efficiency as well as
performing precise measurement of the $4\,^2$S$_{1/2}$
hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of the 405~nm line of potassium isotopes.
A schematic view of the current experimental setup is shown in Fig.~\ref{setup}.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=7cm]{2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Schematic view of the experimental setup in this work.}
\label{setup}
\end{figure}

Resonance ionization of potassium gas atoms obtained from the decomposition of K$_2$CO$_3$ sample
in the electrothermally-heated graphite crucible is accomplished by
two commercially available laser diodes.
One is a wavelength-tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL; Sacher Lasertechnik SYS-100-405-20)
for the resonant transition of $4\,^2$S$_{1/2}\rightarrow$ $5\,^2$P$^\circ_{1/2}$.
The wavelength is fine-tuned to $\lambda=404.8356$~nm in vacuum via the piezo actuator attached
on the diffraction grating.
An Elmos model AWG-50 waveform generator is newly prepared to scan the piezo voltage $V_{\rm piezo}$
over $\sim1$~V, corresponding to the laser frequency of $\sim2$ GHz.
The laser output of up to $\sim$20~mW in the ionization region is provided through
a single-mode fiber.

The other is an Apollo Instruments model S60-808-1 water-cooled laser diode
upgraded from an Amonics model ALD-808-3000-B-FC one to improve the photoionization efficiency.
The laser output of up to $\sim$30~W in the ionization region is obtained through
a multi-mode fiber.

The generated potassium ions are extracted, mass analyzed by a Pfeiffer Vacuum model QMS200 QMS,
and finally detected as an amplified ion current by the off-axis channeltron detector.

\section{Results and Discussion}
\label{Sec_Result}

\subsection{Measurements of $^{40}{\rm K}$ and $^{41}{\rm K}$ isotope shifts}
\label{SubSec_Result_IS}

The isotope shifts of $^{40}{\rm K}$ and $^{41}{\rm K}$ of the 405 nm resonance excitation line
with respect to $^{39}{\rm K}$, shown as $\Delta\nu_{40}$ and $\Delta\nu_{41}$ in
Fig.~\ref{RIMS-basic}-(b), are measured by comparing them to the known hyperfine splitting
widths of the $4\,^2{\rm S}_{1/2}$ ground state of each potassium isotope.
Scanning the laser frequency over 2~GHz via the piezo voltage $V_{\rm piezo}$,
each isotope shift is shown as the relative position of the weighted average frequency of
two hyperfine splitting peaks of the targeted isotope to that of $^{39}{\rm K}$.

An example of the experimental results is shown in Fig.~\ref{HFS-result} by scanning the piezo
voltage in the range of $95.41\,{\rm V}\le V_{\rm piezo}\le96.26\,{\rm V}$.
The crucible inner temperature was 1,020$\pm10$~K,
the 405~nm laser power was $\sim20$~mW, the 808~nm laser power
was $\sim2$~W and the applied channeltron voltage was 3~kV.
The irrelevant peak seen at the relative frequency $\nu$ of around 1,300~MHz in the $^{40}{\rm K}$
spectrum (Fig.~\ref{HFS-result}-(b)) is due to the influence of the tail of the adjacent
($^{39}{\rm K}$ or $^{41}{\rm K}$) mass peaks.
Contribution of a specific mass peak to the adjacent mass number is then seen to be about 10 ppm
around the mass number of 40.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[b]{c}
\subfigure[$^{39}{\rm K}$ data]{\includegraphics[height=5cm]{3a.eps}}\\
\subfigure[$^{40}{\rm K}$ data]{\includegraphics[height=5cm]{3b.eps}}\\
\subfigure[$^{41}{\rm K}$ data]{\includegraphics[height=5cm]{3c.eps}}\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Measurement of the hyperfine structure of potassium 4s ground state for the 1st run with
asymmetric Gaussian fitted curves.}
\label{HFS-result}
\end{figure}

Fitted curves are also given in this figure, assuming that each absorption spectrum shows an
asymmetric Gaussian profile around the resonant peak as expressed in Eq.~(\ref{asymmetric-eq}).
This asymmetry is probably caused by the misalignment of the $\phi1$~mm orifice placed between
the crucible and the ionization region.
\begin{eqnarray}
I_{\rm ch}=\left\{
\begin{array}{ccc}
\displaystyle{I_0\exp\left[-\left(\frac{\nu-b}{c}\right)^2\right]}
&& (\nu\le b)\\\\
\displaystyle{I_0\exp\left[-\left(\frac{\nu-b}{d}\right)^2\right]}
&& (\nu\ge b)
\end{array}\right.
\label{asymmetric-eq}
\end{eqnarray}
A total of 10 runs were performed under the same conditions.
During the total measurement time of about an hour through 10 runs, the frequency drift was
observed as slight differences of the relative frequency position among the obtained spectra.
The horizontal scale in Fig.~\ref{HFS-result} is expressed in laser frequency unit
which is transformed from raw $V_{\rm piezo}$ data using the experimentally obtained piezo
response of $(2.39\pm0.05)\times10^3$~[MHz/V]. This linearity was obtained from the fitted relation
between the piezo voltage difference $\Delta V_{\rm piezo}$ of the hyperfine splitting peaks
and the known $4\, ^2{\rm S}_{1/2}$ HFS widths of 462 MHz, 254 MHz and 1286 MHz
for $^{39}{\rm K}$, $^{40}{\rm K}$ and $^{41}{\rm K}$, respectively \cite{Arimondo}.

The isotope shifts of $^{40}{\rm K}$ and $^{41}{\rm K}$ with respect to $^{39}{\rm K}$ are
obtained as fitted averages of 10 experimental data to be $\Delta\nu_{40}=207\pm13$~MHz
and $\Delta\nu_{41}=451\pm10$~MHz, the latter of which is consistent with the higher precision
data by L. J. S. Halloran {\it et al.} using standard saturation spectroscopy \cite{Behr}.
There have been so far no reports on $^{40}{\rm K}$ isotope shift of the 405~nm line.
The quoted errors are statistical only. Additional systematic errors of $\pm$10\% were estimated
by comparison of the obtained average over 10 data of
(HFS width)$/\Delta V_{\rm piezo}$ among each HFS width of $^{39}{\rm K}$, $^{40}{\rm K}$ and
$^{41}{\rm K}$ described above.
They are mainly caused by the laser frequency fluctuation and nonlinearity of the piezo response.
Application of a confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer frequency locking system instead of the piezo
voltage to control the laser frequency with an accuracy of better than $\sim1$ MHz would help to
perform more precise measurement \cite{CFI1,CFI2}.

\subsection{RIMS overall detection efficiency}
\label{SubSec_Result_Efficiency}

The overall detection efficiency is defined as the ratio of the number $N_{\rm D}$ of
potassium atoms detected by the QMS to that initially loaded in the crucible.
Since it is hard to lock the laser frequency for a long time in our current setup,
RIMS overall detection efficiency $E_{\rm RIMS}$ in this work was evaluated by the
measurements of the ratio $R$ of the detection efficiency by RIMS to
the detection efficiency by electron impact (EI) ionization.
The absolute detection efficiency $E_{\rm EI}$ of EI ionization is estimated separately by switching
the lasers off and filament for EI on. $E_{\rm RIMS}$ is then estimated to be
$E_{\rm RIMS}=R\times E_{\rm EI}$.
Estimation of the detection efficiency $E_{\rm EI}\sim8\times10^{-10}$ has already been
measured in our previous work \cite{JJAP-before}.

Measurement of the ratio $R$ of the detection efficiency by RIMS to
the detection efficiency by EI ionization was performed
using the upgraded laser system.
The crucible heating current was set to 7.35~A in advance when the crucible inner temperature
was 1,120$\pm10$~K.
Resonance ionization signal could be observed at the 405~nm laser power
output of $\sim15$ mW in the ionization region and the applied piezo
voltage $V_{\rm piezo}$ of $\sim94$ V.
The laser current of the upgraded 808~nm LD was set to 50~A to obtain the power output of
$\sim30$~W in the ionization region.
The channeltron voltage was set lower to 2~kV to avoid the saturation
of channeltron currents observed at more than $10^{-5}$~A.

Figure~\ref{efficiency}-(a) shows an experimental result of the channeltron
current of $^{39}\rm K^+$ atomic ions by RIMS and the channeltron current by EI ionization.
The measurement time is 20~ms in each cycle.
Throughout the measurement, the emission current of the thermal electron
for EI ionization was kept to 0.1~mA, in other words, the channeltron current contributed
by EI ionization remained constant.
Data taken when both lasers, 405~nm ECDL and 808~nm LD, were ON and
only the 405~nm ECDL was ON are denoted as (I) and (II), respectively
in the figure. (III) indicates the data for EI ionization as a reference.
The ratio $R$ of the detection efficiency by RIMS to EI can be obtained
as the ratio of the measured channeltron current of (I) with (III) subtracted to (III), giving
$R\simeq4.5\times10^{-6}{\rm A}/4.0\times10^{-9}{\rm A}\sim1.1\times10^3$.
Combined with $E_{\rm EI}\sim8\times10^{-10}$, RIMS overall
detection efficiency $E_{\rm RIMS}$ is estimated to be:
$E_{\rm RIMS}=R\times E_{\rm EI}\sim 9\times10^{-7}$, improved by about 13 times with
the upgraded 808~nm laser diode.

$E_{\rm RIMS}$ can be divided into the efficiency $E_{\rm RIS}$ in the resonance ionization process and
the transport efficiency $E_{\rm QMS}$ in the QMS: $E_{\rm RIMS}=E_{\rm RIS}\times E_{\rm QMS}$.
Figure~\ref{efficiency}-(b) shows the obtained ratios of the channeltron current without
mass analysis to that with it for various 808~nm laser power settings.
The crucible heating current was set lower to 6.00~A when the crucible inner temperature was
960$\pm10$~K and the channeltron voltage was set to 3~kV. The 405~nm laser power was unchanged.
The transport efficiency $E_{\rm QMS}$ in the current setup, inverse of the obtained ratio shown in
Fig.~\ref{efficiency}-(b), was measured to be a bit lower than 0.5, and was almost independent of
the 808~nm laser power output up to 30~W.
The efficiency in the RIS part is then estimated to be $E_{\rm RIS}\sim2\times10^{-6}$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[b]{c}
\subfigure[Experimental result of the channeltron current of $^{39}\rm K^+$ atomic ions
by RIMS and the channeltron current by electron impact (EI) ionization.]
{\includegraphics[height=4.5cm]{4a.eps}}
\hspace{0.8cm}
\subfigure[Ratios of the channeltron current without mass analysis to that
with the mass resolution value set to 50.]
{\includegraphics[height=4.5cm]{4b.eps}}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Experimental results regarding RIMS detection efficiency.}
\label{efficiency}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion and Future Prospects}
\label{Sec_Conclusion}

We have developed a simple and convenient resonance ionization mass spectrometer for trace analysis of potassium.
An upgraded 808~nm laser diode and a waveform generator are newly used for improvement of the
photoionization efficiency and precise measurement of the isotope shifts of potassium isotopes, respectively.

The obtained isotope shifts of $^{40}{\rm K}$ and $^{41}{\rm K}$ of the 405~nm line with
respect to $^{39}{\rm K}$ are $\Delta\nu_{40}=207\pm13$~MHz and $\Delta\nu_{41}=451\pm10$~MHz,
the latter of which is consistent with the data by L. J. S. Halloran {\it et al.} using standard
saturation spectroscopy \cite{Behr}.
There has been no reports on $^{40}{\rm K}$ isotope shift of this line to the authors' knowledge,
probably because of the small isotope abundance of $^{40}{\rm K}$,
and the lower resonance excitation cross section than that of other transition lines
such as the 767~nm $4\,{^2{\rm S}_{1/2}}\,\rightarrow$\, $4\,{^2{\rm P}^\circ_{3/2}}$ and
770~nm $4\,{^2{\rm S}_{1/2}}\,\rightarrow$\, $4\,{^2{\rm P}^\circ_{1/2}}$ lines.

The obtained overall detection efficiency $E_{\rm RIMS}$ in our setup was
$E_{\rm RIMS}=9\times10^{-7}$, in which the efficiency for resonance ionization was estimated to be
$E_{\rm RIS}\sim2\times10^{-6}$.
In the case of trace potassium analysis without isotope discrimination,
mass analysis by a QMS is not indispensable and rather reduces the detection efficiency.
Therefore, the estimated 3$\sigma$ detection limit $n_{\rm DL}$ is obtained to be
\begin{eqnarray}
n_{\rm DL} = \frac{3\sqrt{\frac{I_{\rm BG}}{eG}\times T_{\rm meas.}}}{E_{\rm RIS}} \sim
4\times10^8\hspace{0.3cm}{\rm [atoms]},
\end{eqnarray}
where $e$ is the elementary charge and $G\sim3.3\times10^5$ is the amplification gain of the channeltron.
The background channeltron current $I_{\rm BG}$ is here conservatively overestimated to be $\sim10^{-12}$~A,
and $T_{\rm meas.}$ is taken to be $\sim1$ hour as a typical measurement time.
The expected detection limit shows the availability of RIMS to the commercial use like the analysis of
the trace metal impurities on or in a certain material such as the contamination assessment of
semiconductor wafers.
For the other impurities, there might be available ECDL's with suitable wavelengths.
In case that there are no ECDL's with matched wavelengths, wavelength-variable dye lasers or
Optical Parametric Oscillation (OPO) lasers can be used instead at a higher cost.
The technology of the contamination assessment is also useful for the development
of niobium (Nb) superconducting cavities for the International Linear Collider (ILC) project \cite{supercond}.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This research is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research from
the Japan Society for Promotion of Science, by the Research Center for the
Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, and also by the
Global COE Program ``the Physical Sciences Frontier'' of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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Q: How do I filter the returned data from jQuery.ajax()? When using the jQuery.ajax() method, I am struggling to filter the data that is returned to get exactly what I need. I know this is easy using .load() and probably the other jQuery AJAX methods but I need to use .ajax() specifically.
For example I know that this works;
var title = $(data).filter('title'); // Returns the page title

But what if I just want the contents of a div with id="foo"?
var foo = $(data).filter('#foo'); // None of these work
var foo = $(data).find('#foo');   //
var foo = $('#foo', data);        //

Ideally, I want one method into which I can pass a normal jQuery selector, which will work for selecting titles, divs, or any other element that jQuery can select. This is so that I can pass in any string into my own ajax function - eg;
myApp.ajax({
    url: 'myPage.html',
    filterTitle: 'title',
    filterContent: '#main-content'
});

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

A: The jQuery.load method uses the following code:
// If successful, inject the HTML into all the matched elements
if ( status === "success" || status === "notmodified" ) {
  // See if a selector was specified
  self.html( selector ?
    // Create a dummy div to hold the results
    jQuery("
")
      // inject the contents of the document in, removing the scripts
      // to avoid any 'Permission Denied' errors in IE
      .append(res.responseText.replace(rscript, ""))

      // Locate the specified elements
      .find(selector) :

    // If not, just inject the full result
    res.responseText );
}

I.e it appends the full response to a DIV it creates, and then uses find(selector) on that.
So you should be looking at something like:
var foo = $('
').html(data).find('#foo'); // This looks like it'll work!

Bit of a hack from jQuery's point of view!

A: The use of filter() vs. find() depends on the structure of your retrieved HTML page. For example, if this is the retrieved page:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <title>Foo</title>

Foo

 content

 tooltip

If you want to select the top-level elements = elements that are direct children of  - in this example: #wrap or #tooltip - then you have to use filter().
If you want to select other elements - in this example: #header,
, #body, ... - then you have to use find().
I you don't know whether your element is a child of  or not, you could use this "hack":
$("
").html(data).find( selector );
By using this work-around, you always get the elements via find().

A: This is how I was able to get it working thanks to @Matt
$.ajax({
    type: "GET",
    url: url,
    dataType: 'html',
    success: function(data) {
        $('#foo').html(
            $('
').html(data).find('#foo').html()
        );
    }
});

A: If you don't need any special functionality given by the full $.ajax method, you should give $.load() a try:

The .load() method, unlike $.get(), allows us to specify a portion of the remote document to be inserted. This is achieved with a special syntax for the url parameter. If one or more space characters are included in the string, the portion of the string following the first space is assumed to be a jQuery selector that determines the content to be loaded.

$('#result').load('ajax/test.html #container');

http://api.jquery.com/load/#loading-page-fragments

A: Use
$(data).filter("#foo").text();

I am using this to filter the result of an ajax call that return an HTML conent