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BODYBUILDING IN SOCIALIST WORLD. THE BOOK.
WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY.
PERIODS OF BODYBUILDING DEVELOPMENT IN SOCIALIST COUNTRIES
BODYBUILDING IN SOCIALIST WORLD. HISTORIC BOOK.
In the last period of tome International sport society started to be interested in the history of our sport. Some time ago the World learned about the first fitness athlete from the USA BRONE DUBAR (New York, 1927). The World learned about the various International Sport Organizations. Today a number of historical books and articles are published. Many of them are presenting not full and often incorrect information. For example, several years ago in Lithuania was issued a book "Lithuanian bodybuilding history" which carries facts that are not correct. Some time ago in Russia was issued a book about a famous Russia bodybuilder VLADIMIR DUBININ. For thirty years VLADIMIR DUBININ was the President of the National IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) Federation of Russia. There are many not correct facts and interpretations on the history of the USSR bodybuilding in the book.
Until now nobody did a thorough analysis of our sport history and nobody ever underlined important facts for all World bodybuilding history.
In 2020 working more than fifty years the WFF-WBBF International (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) is planning to publish in various languages a historical book on the Bodybuilding in Socialist Countries. Remember – the Socialist World united half of the World Countries. It was living a separate individual life that was much different from the "Western" World. This book will be a part of our unique International project – the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia".
PREPARED IN LITHUANIA, PRINTED IN INDIA.
The historical book on the Bodybuilding in Socialist Countries will be prepared in Lithuania and printed in India. At this work the I.S.U. International Sports University (www.isuniversity.lt ) is involved very much now. Since 2017 I.S.U. is associated member of the UNESCO at the United Nations (UN). Professors VASILIJ BESPALENKO (Ukraine), LALIT KUMAR SONI (India) and DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS and World Bodybuilding Pioneer VALERIJ KORESHKOV (Lithuania) are working in the project very much.
Basing on the political situation the development of bodybuilding in the socialist countries can be divided in the following periods:
- The First Period, 1957-1970
- The Second Period, 1971-1975
- The Third Period, 1976-1981
- The Fourth Period, 1982-1986
- The Fifth Period, 1987-1991
THE FIRST PERIOD
Bodybuilding in the socialist countries started at the second part of fifties of the last century. It appeared suddenly and at once became very popular. Many people wanted to develop and change their bodies.
A known contemporary poet and drama producer, a former famous USSR bodybuilding trainer VITALIJ ASOVSKIJ (Vilnius, Lithuania) writes:
«Developing the Ancient God.
When in the middle of fifties of the last century bodybuilding was a popular sport in the Western countries, the Europe was making the first steps. But the young people did not pay any attention to the negatyve sayings about bodybuilding and rushed to the gyms to train. The enthusiasm was unbelievable. The first Man reached the Cosmoss. People thought that there are no limits and everything is possible. It seemd that the Golden Times came. We know how to reach the Cosmoss, how to develop atomic enegry, how to create fantastic fipls and how to write perfect books. It seemed that people had found the way to develop their brains like a sportsme do at their training. Developing the brains the people are like a sportsmen. Popular saying "If one has body power, no brains needed" seemed uncorrect. The stereotip of a scientist was like an aold thinny man. People were jocking thet a scientist better do not go outside his home in a windy day. The wind will blow him out. And now, finally, the bodybuilding opened new horizons to develop both brains and muscles as well. It seemed that a Man is very close to the God".
There was no any leadership in the socialist bodybuilding at that time. It was the time of great popularization of bodybuilding. One of the bodybuilding pioneers in the USSR VALERIJ KORESHKOV (Vilnius, Lithuania) underlines that he started bodybuilding training in 1957. The training process was primityve, athletes needed knowlidge. From time to time contests were organized. Every time the judging criteria was different. First information about bodybuilding, famous athletes and some methods of training reached the USSR through bodybuilding magazines "Health and Strength" and "Iron Man" (both UK), through "Muscle Builder"(USA) and through "Sport dla Wszystkich" (Poland). Then local press of various Social Republics started publishing materials about bodybuilding too. Among them Russian "Gantelnaja gimnastika" (1957, Борис Пустовойт, «Гантельная гимнастика»), "Sportivnaja zizn Rissii" (1960-1970, "Cпортивная жизнь России"), Lithuanian "Science and Life" ("1965 -1966, "Mokslas ir Gyvenimas"), "Kalba Vilnius" (1967-1969), Polish "How to become strong and attractive" (1960, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "Jak stac sie silnym i sprawnym"), "Strength, health, beauty" (1962, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "Sila-sprawnosc-piekno"), "ABC of a Young Strongman" (1965, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "ABC mlodego silacza").
It were Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary to start bodybuilding in the socialist countries. Bodybuilders of these countries organized local competitons and sometimes competed in between. New famous names appeared such as 1967 Czechoslovakia Champion JURAJ VYSNY.
First to visit the mentioned countries from the USSR were the Lithuanians. In 1968 Lithuania Kaunas "Azuolas Gym" bodybuilders went to Warszawa to compete with "Herkules Gym" athletes. Lithuanians were led by VYTAUTAS ZUMERIS and Polich team by EUGENIUSZ PAWLOK.
Also in April 17, 1968 the first in the USSR International Contest was organized. It was held in Lithuania Kaunas City and national teams of Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia participated there. The competiton lasted two days and six thousand spectators filled the biggest hall of the city. Then the over all Champion was LEONAS PIVORIUNAS (Vilnius, Lithuania).
After that the first "Amber Prix International" (1968, "Gintarinis prizas", «Янтарный приз») contest was held in Lithuanian Klaipeda. Again the over all Champion was LEONAS PIVORIUNAS. Today "Amber Prix International" is the World's oldest recognized traditional International bodybuilding competition.
Every day bodybuilding became more stronger and more popular. More competitoons were organized and new names came in public. It needed to have definite leadership to give some order for the movement. During the 1968 contest in Kaunas the "USSR Social Bodybuilding Committee" («Общественный комитет по атлетической гимнастике СССР») was established. The positions of it's members were the folowing:
1. ROMAN MOROZ, Moscow, Russia
2. VLADIMIR PETROV, Moscow, Russia
3. GENADIJ BALDIN, Moscow, Russia
4. VYTAUTAS ZUMERIS, Vilnius, Lithuania
5. VALERIJ KOREŠKOV, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Along with the Executive Council a number of Committee Members were ellected:
6. FIODOR MANKO, Leningrad, Russia
7. ELEONORA VOLOKONCEVA, Leningrad, Russia
8. VALERIJ SEMIONOV, Tiumen, Russia
9. VLADIMIR DURNENKO, Omsk, Russia
10.EMANUILAS BEZMOZGIS, Riga, Latvia
11.ERVIN LIBERT, Tallin, Estonia.
Then it was a calm and productive period of the USSR bodybuilding. It came as a tradition and in 1969-1970 the "Amber Prix International" contests were organized in Klaipeda. Suddenly due to political reasons in 1971 the bodybuilding activities in the USSR and other socialist countries were stopped. For many years the Communist regime prohibited and prosecuted the bodybuilding.
More detailed information on the Global International Site www.wff.lt, see forum topics. Also information available on the Facebook pages: WFF-WBBF International, WFF-WBBF North America, WFF-WBBF South America, WFF-WBBF Asia, WFF-WBBF Europe, WFF-WBBF Africa, WFF-WBBF Asia Continental Federation, WFF-WBBF Pro Division, International Sport University (ISU, www.isuniversity.lt ), WPSF World Power Sports Federation.
In the last period of time International sport society started to be interested in the history of our sport. Some time ago the World learned about the first fitness athlete from the USA BRONE DUBAR (New York, 1927). The World learned about the various International Sport Organizations. Today a number of historical books and articles are published. Many of them are presenting not full and often incorrect information. For example, several years ago in Lithuania was issued a book "Lithuanian bodybuilding history" which carries facts that are not correct. Some time ago in Russia was issued a book about a famous former Russia bodybuilder VLADIMIR DUBININ. For thirty years VLADIMIR DUBININ was the President of the National IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) Federation of Russia. There are many not correct facts and interpretations on the history of the USSR bodybuilding in the book.
Working more than fifty years the WFF-WBBF International (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) is planning to publish in various languages a historical book on the Bodybuilding in Socialist Countries in 2020. Remember – the Socialist World united half of the World Countries. Due to the "Iron Wall" it was living a separate individual life that was much different from the "Western" World. This book will be a part of our unique International project – the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia".
Bodybuilding in the socialist countries started at the second part of fifties of the last century. It appeared suddenly and at once it became very popular. Many people wanted to develop and change their bodies. Basing on the possibilities and fantasy for a long time everybody himself was making individual equipment for the training. The training methods were also individual. Often athletes were making experiments on themselves.
When in the middle of fifties of the last century bodybuilding was a popular sport in the Western countries, the Europe was making the first steps. But the young people did not pay any attention to the negatyve sayings about bodybuilding and rushed to the gyms to train. The enthusiasm was unbelievable. The first Man reached the Cosmoss. People thought that there are no limits and everything is possible. It seemd that the Golden Times came. We know how to reach the Cosmoss, how to develop atomic enegry, how to create fantastic films and how to write perfect books. It seemed that people had found the way to develop their brains like a sportsmen do at their training. Developing the brains the people are like a sportsmen. Popular saying "If one has body power, no brains needed" seemed uncorrect. The stereotip of a scientist was like an old thinny man with spectacles. People were jocking that a scientist better do not go outside his home in a windy day. The wind will blow him out. And now, finally, the bodybuilding opened new horizons to develop both brains and muscles as well. It seemed that a Man is very close to the God".
There was no any leadership structure in the socialist bodybuilding at that time. It was the time of great popularization of bodybuilding. One of the bodybuilding pioneers in the USSR VALERIJ KORESHKOV (Vilnius, Lithuania) underlines that he started regular bodybuilding training in 1957. The training process was primityve, athletes needed knowlidge. From time to time contests were organized. Every time the judging criteria was different. Most often competitions were of two parts – the power exercises and the posing. First information about bodybuilding, about the famous athletes and some methods of training reached the USSR through bodybuilding magazines "Health and Strength" and "Iron Man" (both UK), through "Muscle Builder"(USA) and through "Sport dla Wszystkich" (Poland). Then local press of various Socialiat Republics started publishing materials about bodybuilding too. Among them Russian "Gantelnaja gimnastika" (1957, Борис Пустовойт, «Гантельная гимнастика»), "Sportivnaja zizn Rissii" (1960-1970, "Cпортивная жизнь России"), Lithuanian "Science and Life" ("1965 -1966, "Mokslas ir Gyvenimas"), "Kalba Vilnius" (1967-1969), Polish "How to become strong and attractive" (1960, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "Jak stac sie silnym i sprawnym"), "Strength, health, beauty" (1962, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "Sila-sprawnosc-piekno"), "ABC of a Young Strongman" (1965, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "ABC mlodego silacza"), Czechoslovakian "Through bodybuilding to strengh, sanity and beauty" (1969, M.Jablonski, Šport, Bratislava).
It were Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary to start bodybuilding in the socialist countries frist. Bodybuilders of these countries organized local competitons and sometimes competed in between. New famous names appeared such as 1967 Czechoslovakia Champion JURAJ VYSNY.
First to visit the mentioned countries from the USSR were the Lithuanians. In 1968 Lithuania Kaunas "Azuolas Gym" bodybuilders went to Warszawa to compete with "Herkules Gym" athletes. The Lithuanians were led by VYTAUTAS ZUMERIS and the Polish team by EUGENIUSZ PAWLOK.
Being in Poland the bodybuilders of the Socialist Countries saw the first time a 'Western" bodybuilder. It was EINO AKKILA from Sweeden who was having rest at the sea coast in the Polish Sopot resort. EINO AKKILA came to Poland just after winning the short category at the 1968 Europe Championship in Belgium.
Also in April 17, 1968 the first in the USSR International Contest was organized. It was held in Lithuania Kaunas City and national teams of Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia participated there. The competiton lasted two days and six thousand spectators filled the biggest hall of the city. The category winners were KLEMENSAS ALSAUSKAS (Lithuania), ANDRZEJ LASKOWSKI (Poland) and LEONAS PIVORIUNAS (Lithuania). Then the over all Champion was LEONAS PIVORIUNAS (Vilnius, Lithuania).
Right after that the first "Amber Prix International" (1968, "Gintarinis prizas", «Янтарный приз») contest was held in Lithuanian Klaipeda. The category winners were KLEMENSAS ALSAUSKAS, LIONGINAS DANILEVICIUS and LEONAS PIVORIUNAS. Again the over all Champion was LEONAS PIVORIUNAS. Today "Amber Prix International" is the World's oldest recognized traditional International bodybuilding competition.
Every day bodybuilding became more stronger and more popular. More competitoons were organized and new names came in public. It needed to have definite leadership to give some order for the movement. On April 17, 1968 during the contest in Kaunas the "USSR Social Bodybuilding Committee" («Общественный комитет по атлетической гимнастике СССР») was established. At this event participated representatives of the following Socialist Countries: Russia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The positions of the committee members were the folowing:
The "USSR Social Bodybuilding Committee" collected information about the bodybuilding gyms in the socialist countries and coordinated contests.
Then it was a calm and productive period of the USSR bodybuilding.
To set the future goals on August 31, 1968 the "USSR Social Bodybuilding Committee" gatheres again. It was Lithuanian Klaipeda city. At this event participated representatives of the following Socialist Countries: Russia, Lithuania, Latvia and Azerbajan. At this meeting participated majority of the committee members and members of the executive council:
- GENADIJ BALDIN, Moscow, Russia
- VYTAUTAS ZUMERIS, Vilnius, Lithuania
- VALERIJ KOREŠKOV, Vilnius, Lithuania
- EMANUILAS BEZMOZGIS, Riga, Latvia
- VALERIJ SEMIONOV, Tiumen, Russia
Also at the meeting were present: VLADIMIR AVANESOV (Baku, Azerbjan), VLADIMIR ILIOSHIN (Leningrad, Russia), JEVGENIJ KOLTUN (Tiumen, Russia), ALEKSEJ CERNAVIN (Omsk, Russia), JUOZAS JUSEVICIUS (Kaunas, Lithuania).
It came as a tradition and in 1969-1970 the "Amber Prix International" contests were organized in Klaipeda. Suddenly due to political reasons in 1971 the bodybuilding activities in the USSR and other socialist countries were stopped. For many years the Communist regime prohibited and prosecuted the bodybuilding.
Bodybuilding in the socialist countries started at the second part of fifties of the last century. It appeared suddenly and at once it became very popular. Many people wanted to develop and change their bodies. Enthusiasts used to unite in groups and arrange the gyms. Basing on the possibilities and fantasy for a long time everybody himself was making individual equipment for the training. The training methods were also individual. Often athletes were making experiments on themselves.
There was no any leadership structure in the socialist bodybuilding at that time. It was the time of great popularization of bodybuilding. Bodybuilding was growing by itself without any governmental support. Then in the USSR bodybuilding had another name. It was "Atletizm"or "Athletic gymnastics". In Russia and Baltic Republics a number of local competitions were organized and these evens often collected crowds of spectators.
One of the bodybuilding pioneers in the USSR VALERIJ KORESHKOV (Vilnius, Lithuania) underlines that he started regular bodybuilding training in 1957. The training process was primityve, athletes needed knowlidge. From time to time contests were organized. Every time the judging criteria was different. Most often competitions were of two parts – the power exercises and the posing. First information about bodybuilding, about the famous athletes and some methods of training reached the USSR through bodybuilding magazines "Health and Strength" and "Iron Man" (both UK), through "Muscle Builder"(USA) and through "Sport dla Wszystkich" (Poland). Then local press of various Socialiat Republics started publishing materials about bodybuilding too. Among them Russian "Gantelnaja gimnastika" (1957, Борис Пустовойт, «Гантельная гимнастика»), "Sportivnaja zizn Rissii" (1960-1970, "Cпортивная жизнь России"), Lithuanian "Science and Life" ("1965 -1966, "Mokslas ir Gyvenimas"), "Kalba Vilnius" (1967-1969), Polish "How to become strong and attractive" (1960, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "Jak stac sie silnym i sprawnym"), "Strength, health, beauty" (1962, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "Sila-sprawnosc-piekno"), "ABC of a Young Strongman" (1965, Stanislaw Zakrzewski, "ABC mlodego silacza"), Czechoslovakian "Through bodybuilding to strengh, sanity and beauty" (1969, Michal Jablonski, Šport, Bratislava).
There was a number of various level bodybuilding contests organized in Lithuania every year. In 1966 competitions were held in the open air at Kaunas sea region and Palanga Baltic sea bay. With the words of "Power, beauty and health" the first big contest was organized in 1967 in Kaunas "Sporto hale". Very big crowd of spectators came to see the 1968 competition in Vilnius Vingio Park.
Being in Poland the bodybuilders of the Socialist Countries saw the first time a "Western" bodybuilder. It was EINO AKKILA from Sweeden who was having rest at the sea coast in the Polish Sopot resort. EINO AKKILA came to Poland just after winning the short category at the 1968 IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) Europe Championship in Belgium.
Also in April 17, 1968 the first in the USSR International Contest was organized. It was held in Lithuania Kaunas City and national teams of Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia participated there. The competiton lasted two days and six thousand spectators filled the biggest hall of the city. The event was televised by the National television of Lithuania and that made bodybuilding even more popular. The category winners were KLEMENSAS ALSAUSKAS (Lithuania), ANDRZEJ LASKOWSKI (Poland) and LEONAS PIVORIUNAS (Lithuania). Then the over all Champion was LEONAS PIVORIUNAS (Vilnius, Lithuania).
It came as a tradition and in 1969-1970 the "Amber Prix International" contests were organized in Klaipeda. Then the over all winners were: in 1969 ANTANAS MINEIKIS (Klaipeda, Lithuania) and in 1970 VLADIMIR DUBININ (Leningrad, Russia).
On November 15, 1970 the first noticable International contest was held in Tallinn (Estonia). Teams of Estonia, Russia and Liethuania participated there. The over all Champion was Estonian bodybuilder ARVO MERE, who won against the debiutant VLADIMIR DUBININ from Leningrad (Russia).
Suddenly due to political reasons in 1971 the bodybuilding activities in the USSR and other socialist countries were stopped. For many years the Communist regime prohibited and prosecuted the bodybuilding.
In the "Western" countries in 1966 NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association") was organizing already the 16-th "Universe" contest. In 1966 the IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders") was organizing the 7-th World Championship and the first European Championship. At that time yhe Socialist World was making the first steps at the great International contest stage.
It were Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary to start bodybuilding in the socialist countries first. Bodybuilders of these countries organized local competitons and sometimes competed in between. New famous names appeared such as 1967 Czechoslovakia Champion JURAJ VYSNY.
1970 INTERNETIONAL CONGRESS SETS UP IFBB.
WEIDER TELLS WHAT IFBB WAS DOING 25 YEARS.
We will underline a very important happening to the International movement of bodybuilding sport. That was the first IFBB International Congress (September 4, 1970, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, official documents any can find at the IFBB official page: http://www.ifbbpro.com/1970-congress/). For the next several decades this Congress influenced the official work for the bodybuilding recoignition on official level.
Any could envy the friendship of OSCAR STATE, who was a close friend of the IFBB Owner and President BEN WEIDER. OSCAR STATE was the General Secretary of the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). He knew very well all aspects of the official International sports. OSCAR STATE teached and by his advices led BEN WEIDER to the official International recognition. To register an International Federation on official level a number of cetrain procedures had to be done first:
- there should be a comparitively big number of the national representatives in the countries;
- to organize regularly at least a number of International competitons;
- to call the International Congress to ellect the President and the leading stuff;
- to set and adobe the Constitution and the judging rules.
This was done at the 1970 IFBB Congress in Belgrade. IFBB declared it represents fifty seven Countries. Twenty five of those Countries were present at the Congress. OSCAR STATE suggested to ellect BEN WEIDER as "Life President" of the IFBB and that was done then. The formalities done at the Belgrade Congress opened doors for the IFBB to join the International society of official recognized sports. In 1971 the IFBB joined the GAISF General Association of International Sports Federations. As BEN WEIDER spoke, only the assistance of OSCAR STATE made this possible. Entering the GAISF the IFBB for long years left all othef International bodybuilding organizations behind. Membership in GAISF gave to the IFBB recognition and financial support of the Sport Ministries of a number of Countries. According to the GAISF rules one kind of sport can be represented by only one International sport federation. This made impossible for other bodybuilding organizations to seek the governmental support and recognition. It took decades until the World learned the real juridical and financial truth about the IFBB.
IFBB declares it's activities since 1946. Even then at Belgrade Congress there were questions about what the IFBB was doing until 1970? In the 1971 December issue of his magazine BEN WEIDER explains that 25 years the IFBB was collecting countries to join the IFBB.... Read below this great explanation!
01-21-2020, 03:59 PM (This post was last modified: 01-21-2020, 04:00 PM by WFF-WBBF secretary service.)
There was no any leadership structure in the socialist bodybuilding at that time. It was impossible to set up a bodybuilding federation on International or National level. First of all due to political reasons. Bodybuilding came to the Socialist World as a "Western" kind of sport and this was anti-moral from the piont of view of the communist morality. Have in mind terrible confrontation between the capitalist and socialist systems in the World at that time.
Nevertheless it was the time of great and sppedy popularization of bodybuilding. Bodybuilding was growing by itself without any governmental support. Then in the USSR bodybuilding had another name. It was "Atletizm"or "Athletic gymnastics". In Russia and Baltic Republics a number of local competitions were organized and these evens often collected crowds of spectators.
By the way, the above mentioned Polish writer STANISLAW ZAKRZEWSKI was among the first 10 ever awarded with the Certificate of Merit at the 1970 IFBB International Congress in Belgrade (Yugoslavia).
In the "Western" countries in 1966 NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association") was organizing already the 16-th "Universe" contest. In 1966 the IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders") was organizing the first European Championship. IFBB always followed NABBA. The first IFBB "Universe" was held in 1959. Then there participated only eight bodybuilders from USA, Canada and Mexico. World Championships IFBB started much later when it was needed to show the officiality of the IFBB.
To clear up the international sport situation of these times we must speak about the 1970 Belgrade International Congress. At this Congress the IFBB was set up officially.
1970 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SETS UP IFBB.
We will underline a very important happening to the International movement of bodybuilding sport. That was the first IFBB International Congress (September 4, 1970, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, official documents any can find at the IFBB official page: http://www.ifbbpro.com/1970-congress/). For the next several decades this Congress influenced the official work for the bodybuilding recognition on official level.
Today GAISF membership is not so much important. The last ten years official recognition of any International sport federation is evaluated only through one criteria – antidoping. To be recognized and supported on official level an International sport federation must sign the WADA (World Anti Doping Agency) antidopong Code. Then at the same time it concerns all National federations.
At the same time the Socialist World was making the first steps at the great International contest stage. It were Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary to start bodybuilding in the socialist countries first. Bodybuilders of these countries organized local competitons and sometimes competed in between. New famous names appeared such as 1967 Czechoslovakia Champion JURAJ VYSNY.
On November 15, 1970 the first noticable International contest was held in Tallinn (Estonia). Teams of Estonia, Russia and Liethuania participated there. The over all Champion was Estonian bodybuilder ARVO MERE, who won against the debiutant VLADIMIR DUBININ from Leningrad (Russia). The rest category winners were VLADIMIR LIPIJAINEN and IVAN FREGATOV (both from Russia Leningrad).
In the last period of time International sport society started to be interested in the history of our sport. Some time ago the World learned about the first fitness athlete from the USA BRONE DUBAR (New York, 1927). The World learned about the various International Sport Organizations. Today a number of historical books and articles are published. Many of them are presenting not full and often incorrect information. For example, several years ago in Lithuania was issued a book "Lithuanian bodybuilding history" which carries facts that are not correct. In January, 2020 Lithuania National Television made a report on bodybuilding history. The lecturer of the Lithuania Academy of Physical Culture spoke incorrect on bodybuilding history. What they are teaching at the Academy then? We studied many articles on bodybuilding history in the USSR and we are in shock. Nothing is underlined, many important facts are missing and many persons forgotten. Some time ago in Russia was issued a book about a famous former Russia bodybuilder VLADIMIR DUBININ. For thirty years VLADIMIR DUBININ was the President of the National IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) Federation of Russia. There are many not correct facts and interpretations on the history of the USSR bodybuilding in the book.
IMPRISONED WITH NOBEL PRIZE OWNER ALEKSANDR SOLZHENITSYN.
GEORG TENNO – ESTONIA HEROE OF SOVIET TIMES.
SOCIALIST WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY.
In the sixties of the last century the greatest bodybuilding propaganda in the USSR was made by the Estonian weightlifter GEORG TENNO (Георгий Тэнно). GEORG TENNO was a former navy officer and participant of the Second World War. In 1948 due to a false accusement of spying against the USSR GEORG TENNO was arrested and sentenced to eight years imprisonment. It happened that GEORG TENNO was placed in the same prison cell together with the USSR disident ALEKSANDR SOLZHENITSYN (Александр Солженицын). During the imprisonment GEORG TENNO made five unsuccessfull attempts to run away. There is a story about GEORG TENNO in the famous book of ALEKSANDR SOLZHENITSYN "Arkhipelag Gulag" named "The Runaway" " («Убежденный беглец»). About GEORG TENNO ALEKSANDR SOLZHENITSYN wrote: "He was the most stronger and the most brave of us...". In 1970 Nobel Committee awarded ALEKSANDR SOLZHENITSYN with the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Ending the fifties of the last century GEORGIJ TENNO was released from the prison. He started working at the USSR Institute of Scientific Studies of the Physical Culture (ВНИИФК, Всесоюзный научно исследовательский институт физической культуры).
In 1968 GEORG TENNO published his book "The Athletism" («Атлетизм»). At once it became very popular. The book was full of information: training methods, recupperation after workouts and various diets. At that time this was a unique information. Though GEORG TENNO did not speak about the sources of his knowlidge but it was evident he used various foreign literature. The work at the institute gave him such opportunities. After imprisonment GEORG TENNO knew very well all political moments and he was carefull. Due to this in his book he wrote that "bodybuilding is not to stay in fron of a mirror. Bodybuilding is to strenthen the muscles that will serve to the country".
Suddenly when the prosecution of bodybuilding started GEORG TENNO died in an accident. Who knows - maybe it was an accidental death.
To remember GEORG TENNO Estonians started organizing the "Georg Tenno Memorial" («Мемориал Георга Тенно») contest in 1971. Fourteen Memorials were organized until 1989. For long years of the bodybuilding prohibition and prosecution in the Socialist Countries "Georg Tenno Memorial" and the historic "Amber Prix International" ("Gintarinis Prizas", «Янтарный приз», 1968-2019) were the only one regular bodybuilding competitons in the Socialist Countries.
Remark: documents of the "Georg Tenno Memorial" are kept in the archieves of the WFF-WBBF International Federation.
In the last period of time International sport society started to be more interested in the history of our sport. Some time ago the World learned about the first fitness athlete from the USA BRONE DUBAR (New York, 1927). The World learned about various International Sport Organizations. Today a number of historical books and articles are published. Many of them are presenting not full and often incorrect information.
Several years ago in Lithuania was issued a book the "Lithuanian bodybuilding history" which carries facts that are not correct.
In January, 2020 Lithuania National Television made a report on bodybuilding history. The lecturer of the Lithuania Academy of Physical Culture spoke incorrect on bodybuilding history. What they are teaching their students at the Academy then?
During the last time we studied many articles on bodybuilding history in the USSR and we are in shock. Nothing is underlined, many important facts are missing and many persons forgotten. At the same time a number of presons who always were playing the second roles now they pretend to be on the top in the history of our sport.
Some time ago in Russia was issued a book about a famous former Russia bodybuilder VLADIMIR DUBININ. For thirty years VLADIMIR DUBININ was the President of the National IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) Federation of Russia. There are many not correct facts and interpretations on the history of the USSR bodybuilding in the book.
Until now nobody did a thorough analysis of our sport history and nobody ever underlined important facts for all World bodybuilding history. Due to political reasons for several decades the World was divided into "Western" and "Socialist" parts. Through seldom received bodybuilding magazines bodybuilders of the socialist countries knew something about the "West". But the "West" part of bodybuilding World still knows nothing of what and how bodybuilding was developed on the socialist side.
Working more than fifty years the WFF-WBBF International (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) is planning to publish in various languages a historical book on the Bodybuilding in Socialist Countries in 2020. Remember – the Socialist World united half of the World Countries. Due to the "Iron Wall" it was living a separate individual life that was much different from the "Western" World. The history of the socialist countries, the International events, the top bodybuilders were nothing less than that on the "Western" side. This book will be a part of our unique International project – the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia" and that will cover period of time since 1894 until now. The Encyclopedia will cover all traditional International federations, their leaders and their sportsmen.
The historical book on the Bodybuilding in Socialist Countries will be prepared in Lithuania and printed in India. At this work the I.S.U. International Sports University (www.isuniversity.lt ) is involved very much now. Since 2017 the I.S.U. is an associated member of the UNESCO at the United Nations (UN). Professors VASILIJ BESPALENKO (Ukraine), LALIT KUMAR SONI (India) and DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS and a World Bodybuilding Pioneer VALERIJ KORESHKOV (Lithuania) are working in the project very much. During the last days VYTAUTAS ZUMERIS who is a live witness of the bodybuilding start in the USSR joined our efforts on this book.
2020. WORLD BODYBUILDING PIONEER
VALERIJ KORESHKOV
AMONG THREE "WORLD PRESS FOTO" WINNERS.
Today Lithuania press remembers the best ever Lithuania photographers who won the "World Press Photo" competitions. Among the three historic winners is a World Bodybuilding Pioneer, the 2019 WFF-WBBF International Honour Silver Medal Holder, the Owner of the four Olympic Medals VALERIJ KORESHKOV from Vilnius City.
HISTORY AFTER THIRTY YEARS.
1989 FIRST BODYBUILDING CONTEST "USSR VERSUS USA".
AMERICAN PIONEERS CAME TO USSR.
ON THE KNEES USSR BODYBUILDING FEDERATION GENERAL SECRETARY.
Ending the USSR and breaking the "Iron Wall" the socialist countries joined the democratic World. In 1989 the first bodybuilding contest between USSR and USA was organized in the USSR city of Leningrad (Матчевая встреча «СССР-США»). There were ten American athletes and twenty from the USSR side. We will not speak about the competition itself as many participants of is did it many times. We will speak about the facts which remained unknown for thirty years.
That was the first time in the history when USA bodybuilders visited the USSR. Both sides made great preparations for the event. Organizers, trainers, athletes worked a lot. Also worked and special secret services, like KGB. Everybody expected that together with USA bodybuilders the owner and the President of the IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) BEN WEIDER will visit the USSR too.
LOUIS ZWICK.
In 2002 President WFF-WBBF International (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS met his old friend American LOUIS ZWICK in German Stuttgart. At that time LOUIS ZWICK was a known organizer of International contests like "America Pageant", "Fame", "Hit the Rock" etc.. LOUIS ZWICK was not only organizer of these contests. He also was a producer of the television that was working at this event in Germany too. LOUIS ZWICK organized this competition as well as all other just to make a film of it and after to sell the reports to the American sport ESPN television.
INITIATOR OF THE 1989 BODYBUILDING CONTEST "SSSR VERSUS USA".
In 2002 in Germany LOUIS ZWICK organized a very specific contest. He named it "European Championship". He brought from America to Germany a number of athletes and all those athletes took first six places among top competitors. Participating German sportsmen were only like a decoration for Americans. Again the contest was filmed. The interviews of American athletes and some spectators were taken.
As DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS knew LOUIS ZWICK since 1989 first visit of the USA bodybuilders to the USSR both have spoken on various topics. Among them was the historic 1989 contest "USSR versus USA". LOUIS ZWICK surprised saying he was the initiator from America side of this competition in1989. He was selecting every participant personally discussing the individual conditions of his participation in the USSR. Finally he collected the necessary team of bodybuilders. LOUIS ZWICK was taking a big financial risk. Having no his personal money LOUIS ZWICK rented the necessary money from the bank to pay all costs of the event from the American athletes side. Nobody knew what will happen…
RUNAWAYS.
At that time for a number of years the best USSR bodybuilder was VIKTORAS JUCYS from Klaipeda (Lithuania). It seemed he must participate against Americans in 1989 Leningrad competition. But the plans of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS who was the trainer and sponsor of VIKTORAS JUCYS were different. DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS was thinking of his personal meeting with BEN WEIDER and their discussion of the future plans of common work. Both DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS and BEN WEIDR were in close correspondence for long years and both were waiting for the moment of meeting.
At the backstage of the "USSR-USA" contest in Leningrad was a group of USA television men. They were filming the event. Speaking with one of them (later we learned that he was LOUIS ZWICK) DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS told him that the best USSR bodybuilders ROLANDAS BUCINSKAS (Siauliai, Lithuania) and VIKTORAS JUCYS are present at the event but they will not participate. LOUIS ZWICK was surprised about this and invited all three of us to shoot a film next day.
AMERICAN FILMS.
Next morning DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS took VIKTORAS JUCYS and ROLANDAS BUCINSKAS down of the hotel to meet the LOUIS ZWICK and his filming men. Americans explained that they are followed by people from secret services, like KGB and they want all of us to run away from them. Only then the filming will be free of political pressure and represent reality. So we did. We jumped into a free minibus "Latvia" which was close to the hotel and left. We went to a primitive old bodybuilding gym in the suburbs of Leningrad City. Nobody was there but few local athletes. An interview of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS was taken and training of VIKTORAS JUCYS and ROLANDAS BUCINSKAS was filmed. LOUIS CWICK asked VIKTORAS JUCYS to end the filming with some words in English. Tought by DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS he said: "America – we will pump You up!".
Later about the contest "USSR versus USA", about training of the best USSR bodybuilders VIKTORAS JUCYS and ROLANDAS BUCINSKAS, about the life in the USSR LOUIS ZWICK made several films. Those films he successfully sold the ESPN television in America and covered his expenses for the USA bodybuilding team. Later LOUIS ZWICK sent those films to DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS (films are kept in the archives of the WFF-WBBF International).
TROJKA. INVITATION TO PARIS.
To meet BEN WEIDER DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS succeeded only after the contest "SSSR versus USA". That was in restaurant "Trojka" where the organizers made a banquet for VIP Persons. Both DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS and BEN WEIDER were sitting close together and had several hours to discuss the matters both of them planned to as both decided not to discuss this in their correspondence. Ending the discussion BEN WEIDER invited DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to be his personal guest at the coming World Championship in Paris (France). And this happened as decided.
Just before the meeting of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS and BEN WEIDER a meeting of the USSR bodybuilding organizers had happened. It was in the hotel of Leningrad. At this meeting participated DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS, the USSR Bodybuilding Federation General Secretary, ALEKSANDRAS NOVIKOVAS, RAMUTIS KAIRAITIS (Both Officials of the USSR Bodybuilding Federation) and today's famous photo artist ALGIMANTAS ALEKSANDRAVICIUS and the best USSR bodybuilder at that time VIKTORAS JUCYS. Learned about the coming meeting of the DSc. EDMUDAS DAUBARAS with BEN WEIDER, the USSR Bodybuilding Federation General Secretary insisted that he is intending to come with him too. Then DSc.EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS refused as he did not wanted to have any problems with the USSR secret services. DSC. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS inumerated "bad deals" of the USSR Bodybuilding Federation General Secretary that were done in previous years. That were through the USSR secret services (KGB) ruined in 1979 International contest the "USSR versus Czechoslovakia" (documents are in the archives of the WFF-WBBF International), in 1988 ruined participation of a number of the best USSR bodybuilders at the World Championship in Australia. Also DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS reminded the prohibition of ROLANDAS BUCINSKAS to participate at the Georg Tenno Memorial in Estonia and other intrigues of the USSR Bodybuilding Federation General Secretary. Then the USSR Bodybuilding Federation General Secretary started crying and knelt on the knees begging to forget those things.
More information on the International Site www.wff.lt, see forum topics. Also information available on the Facebook pages: WFF-WBBF International, WFF-WBBF North America, WFF-WBBF South America, WFF-WBBF Asia, WFF-WBBF Europe, WFF-WBBF Africa, WFF-WBBF Asia Continental Federation, WFF-WBBF Pro Division, International Sport University (ISU, www.isuniversity.lt ).
2020. WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY.
WHY SO MUCH LIES AROUND?
In 2012 WFF-WBBF International (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) works on the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia" which will cover the period of the last 130 years. At the moment we work on the book about the bodybuilding in the Socialist World. In various languages we are studying historic materials. There we found unbelievable stories about the history of bodybuilding. Everywhere with some exceptions we found lies. It is possible to understand when new leaders want to rise themselves by diminishing the previous ones. Often the new ones do not mention the previous leaders at all.
This way in the USA are forgotten the real historic heroes of our sport. But these forgotten heroes of the USA bodybuilding were accepted at the White House by three USA Presidents! Everybody reads unreal history of the "WEIDER's Empire".
Let us speak about the Europe. Comparing with the NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) nothing historically important happened. And again –NABBA after the death of OSCAR HEIDENSTAM last thirty years had no real leader of this level.
This was a Picture of the "Western" world. But there was another world, the "Socialist" one. For seventy years both "worlds" were didvided by the "Iron Wall". The situation in the history of bodybuilding of the Socialist world is the same. We will not discuss here about the poor poets who sing the unreal songs about the "WEIDER Empire". Members of the 1968 historic USSR bodybuilding Council are forgotten. At the same time new "leaders" are telling lies about their particilation in the historic events, such aso ne from Tiumen and another from Sankt Peterburg (both Russian). Again artisles are written, books issued about these false leaders and their false stories.
We will do our best to refresh the memories and to cover all important historic matters.
More information on the International Site www.wff.lt, see forum topics. Also information available on the Facebook pages: WFF-WBBF International, WFF-WBBF North America, WFF-WBBF South America, WFF-WBBF Asia, WFF-WBBF Europe, WFF-WBBF Africa, WFF-WBBF Asia Continental Federation, International Sport University (ISU, www.isuniversity.lt ), WFF-WBBF Pro Division, WPSF World Power Sports Federation.
Since 2012 the WFF-WBBF International (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) works on the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia" which will cover the period of the last 130 years. Also at the moment we work on the book about the bodybuilding in the Socialist World. In various languages we are studying historic materials. There we found unbelievable stories about the history of bodybuilding. Everywhere with some exceptions we found lies. It is possible to understand when new "leaders" want to rise themselves by diminishing the previous ones. Often the new ones even do not mention the previous leaders at all.
America. This way in the USA are forgotten the real American historic heroes of our sport. But these forgotten heroes of the USA bodybuilding were accepted at the White House by three USA Presidents! Everybody reads only the unreal history of the commercial "WEIDER's Empire".
Europe. Let us speak about the Europe. Comparing with the NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) nothing historically important happened. And again –NABBA after the death of their Leader OSCAR HEIDENSTAM last thirty years had no other real head of this level.
Another World. This was a Picture of the "Western" world. But there was another world, the "Socialist" one. For seventy years both "worlds" were didvided by the "Iron Wall" and lived separate life. The situation in the history of bodybuilding of the Socialist world is the same. We will not discuss here about the poor "poets" who sing the unreal songs about the "WEIDER Empire". Just to start - members of the 1968 historic USSR bodybuilding Council are forgotten. At the same time new "leaders" are telling lies about their participation in the historic events, such as one from Tiumen and another from Sankt Peterburg (both Russian). Again articles are written, books issued about these false leaders and their false stories.
IFBB AND NABBA SEVENTY YEARS AGO.
Nothing is better than the historic letter of JULIAN BLOMMAERT to BEN WEIDER speaking about the International bodybuilding of the end of seventies and of the beginning of eighties of the last century. On October 1, 1971 the IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) Europe Chairman JULIAN BLOMMAERT (Belgium) wrote a letter to the owner and the "Life President" of the IFBB BEN WEIDER.
Note: in 1985 the above mentioned letter as well as other numerous historic and juridical documents were sent by SERGE NUBRET to the contemporary International President WFF-WBBF (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. World bodybuilding legend SERGE NUBRET was appointed to the position of the IFBB Vice President at the 1970 Belgrade Congress in Jugoslavia. In 1976 SERGE NUBRET set the WABBA (World Amateur Body Building Association). SERGE NUBRET thought it will be safe to send the documents to DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS who may use them to make the situation in bodybuilding more open to public. The documents are kept in the archieves of the International WFF-WBBF federation.
In the letter of JULIAN BLOMMAERT the situation in IFBB and NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) is spoken over. At that time in the "Western" World IFBB and NABBA were the two basic International bodybuilding organizations. In 1968 in the Socialist World the first International Bodybuilding organization was set and that was the "USSR Bodybuilding Committee". Also in 1968 the historic "Amber Prix International" ("Gintarinis prizas", «Янтарный приз») bodybuilding contest started.
JULIAN BLOMMAERT writes in his letter about the 12-th IFBB "Mr.Universe" (1971). Then the winners were GIUSEPPE DEIANA (Belgium), brother of JULIAN BLOMAERT KARL BLOMAERT and ALBERT BECKLES (UK). He feels sad about the fact that NABBA man ALBERT BECKLES won the over all title. JULIAN BLOMMAERT writes that the IFBB "Mr. UNiverse" was terrible that time and the level of competitors was very bad. After the contest there was a fight and a number of people were taken to hospital.
Also JULIAN BLOMMAERT speaks about bad judging. He accuses representatives of Communist Countries, Arab and Orinent Countries who organized their block at the 1970 IFBB Belgrade Congress. He writes that all of them are only dressed like people but in fact they are not civilized.
In the same letter JULIAN BLOMMAERT comments the 1971 NABBA "Mr. Universe" competition. He thinks that the NABBA position is bright. World's best elite bodybuilders are with NABBA: CHRIS DICKERSON, SERGIO OLIVA, BILL PEARL, FRANK ZANE, KEN WALLER, REG PARK etc..
JULIAN BLOMMAERT accused BEN WEIDER of taking important decissions alone. He thinks it is bad for IFBB reputation. He asks BEN WEIDER to awake otherwise everybody will run away from IFBB and only he and JULIAN BLOMMAERT will remain.
2020. WE ARE NOT INDIFFERENT TO REQUESTS.
HIGHEST INTERNATIONAL BODYBUILDING ADVISORY COUNCIL.
53 years working WFF-WBBF (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) International is directly connected with the "Amber Prix International" («Янтарный приз», "Gintarinia prizas", 1968-2020) contest. "Amber Prix International" is one of the World's oldest traditional historic competition still organized in Lithuania. The value of the "Amber Prix International" was alvays evident and always many known sport organizers of various Countries use to be present there.
It happened so that through all history of the WFF-WBBF good relations of the International WFF-WBBF President DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS and the historic leaders of the all main traditional International Bodybuilding organizations were in the background. And that were the Owner and the President of International IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) BEN WEIDER, the President of NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) OSCAR HEIDENSTAM, the President of WABBA (World Amateur Body Building Association) International SERGE NUBRET.
There were momonts in the history of the World Bodybuilding when the International leaders connected DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS for friendly assistance.
In 1970 at the IFBB Belgrade (Yugoslavia) International Conmgress SERGE NUBRET was appointed to the position of the IFBB Vice President. In 1976 SERGE NUBRET set another International organization of WABBA as he explains "to fight with the IFBB". Then the conflict between BEN WEIDER and SERGE NUBRET reached the highest point in the Court then in 1985 SERGE NUBRET sent to DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS twenty pages of the confident IFBB documents asking to support him. That was very personal information about BEN WEIDER and we never published this anywhere.
The IFBB International and the IFBB USSR (established in 1987) as well always were suffering of inside intriques and conflicts. First let us remember the famous weightlifting Olympic Champion JURIJ VLASOV (Юрий Власов) and how badly he was treated when he was elected to the position of the President of the USSR Bodybuilding Federation. In 1991 President of the USSR Bodybuilding Federation VASILIJ CHAIKOVSKI (Василий Чайковский) was removed from his position by VLADIMIR DUBININ (Владимир Дубинин). Feeling frustrated of this unfair action VASILIJ CHAIKOVSKIJ immediatelly came to Lithuania. He was looking for support of DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS in his relations with BEN WEIDER.
Fifteen years ago understanding that International Bodybuilding Sport is in awful situation WEIDER brothers JOE and BEN sold their magazines and "Olympia" Contest and got rid of the IFBB. After this WAYNE DE MILIA was dismissed from the position of the Director of the IFBB Professional League. Until that he run this position for many years. Then in 2006 WAYNE DE MILIA established his own organization "Pro Division Inc." and addressed DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to support him. From that time we have heard nothing about "Pro Division Inc.".
Fighting in between in 2009 and in 2015 IFBB split two times. First IFBB was divided between Assistant of BEN WEIDER Spanish RAFAEL SANTONJA and the IFBB Vice President PAUL CHUA from Singapore. At taht moment PAUL CHUA was supported only by Asia and Arab Countries. Then PAUL CHUA and Sheikh of UAE AL SHAFAR came to London (UK) to fight with RAFAEL SANTONJA in the Court. PAUL CHUA addressed DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to support him, but DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS could not come to London as there was European Championship in Lithuania at that time. Also PAUL CHUA and Sheikh AL SHAFAR could not come to Lithuania as they had no EU visas. The deal was closed. Some time leter PAUL CHUA and the IFBB Lower ALEX BAUER (Austria) sent 600 pages of IFBB juridical and financial documents and asked to publish them. We did it as they asked.
Some years ago Australian GRAEME LANCEFIELD established his WFF federation. He started collecting NABBA athletes to his own contests using the NABBA name. NABBA leaders were angry about this. Then in 2018 the President of the NABBA USA and a famous IFBB professional bodybuilder EDDIE ROBINSON adressed DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to support NABBA in fighting against unfair behaviour of GRAEME LANCEFIELD. After this GRAEME LANCEFIELD continued acting against NABBA. At the beginning of 2020 the President NABBA International and a famus UK Professional bodybuilder ED ELWOOD asked DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS to support NABBA against GRAEME LANCEFIELD again. To help NABBA we wrote and published a thorough article about this.
Diferent of other International Bodybuilding Organizations today WFF-WBBF seeks huge aims to make bodybuilding recognized and respected. Our sport besame so much commercial that today we are the only ones to fulfill the old dreams of BEN WEIDER.
2020. LEARN REAL HISTORY OF WORLD BODYBUILDING.
BRONE DUBAR
BRONE DUBAR (Broné "Brownie" Dubar, Daubaraite, 1906-1986) together with her parents and four brothers emigrated from Lithuania to the US in 1912. Coming from a family of athletes and thinkers, she believed in the importance of an educated mind and a healthy body. Her brothers were all accomplished athletes, playing in amateur as well as in professional areas of sport: Boxing, Hockey, Skating and Baseball. Chess and books were always a steady diet in the DUBAR household. BRONE DUBAR found swimming and diving to be a natural fit for her and participated in events during high school. Though there were no fitness sport and fitness contests at that time today sport specialists say that BRONE DUBAR was the first fitness athlete in the history. At a time when sport of fitness for women was not common and the first women's Olympics had only been sanctioned in 1920, she would compete or perform whenever she could. This was the reason that fitness performances of BRONE DUBAR were not accepted as sport at that time. By the 1920's BRONE DUBAR was touring and working as an acrobatic and gymnastic dancer. She also promoted women's health and fitness by traveling and putting on one woman and small athletic demonstrations. As a show woman, she considered the impacts of her demonstrations and how to grab the audience's attention, including adding stunts to her repertoire. Show programs of BRONE DUBAR were original. At one demonstration, hosted at a local YMCA, she jumped from a second story balcony above the crowd and dove headlong into a small lap pool as part of her demonstration. BRONE DUBAR incorporated fitness into her acts of performance and frequently headlined as an acrobatic and gymnastic dancer. She often incorporated physical movement familiar to modern viewers as yoga and calisthenics along with examples of natural body strength movement. BRONE'S DUBAR demonstration bookings took her to all corners of the US. From New York to Seattle and from Ohio to California and many places between. Remember that all World bodybuilding pioneers did the same – they traveled in the countries to perform their power programs in public. Most World's known bodybuilding pioneers did this. In America that were LOUIS CYR (1863-1912 m.) and CHARLES ATLAS (Angelo Siciliano, 1893-1972 m.). BRONE DUBAR primarily was involved in athletic demonstrations from a few years before the 1920's through the 1930's until the war changed the entertainment industry and doomed traveling shows to history. Today many local newspaper archives in the US from the time contain ads for her acts as well as her demonstrations as evidence of her activities.
A very classy woman, BRONE DUBAR learned to be a seamstress when she was young and always dressed immaculately as a result and would sew the latest fashions for herself. Even in advanced age, she looked like she just stepped off the pages of Vogue Magazine.
BRONE DUBAR was not only a woman before her time, but if her history is known and shared, should inspire young woman to seek and excel at athletics and fitness. She has inspired more than one generation in her own family to follow into the World of athletics on both sides of the Atlantic.
IFBB AND NABBA FIFTY YEARS AGO.
Nothing is better than the historic letter of JULIEN BLOMMAERT to BEN WEIDER speaking about the International bodybuilding of the end of seventies and of the beginning of eighties of the last century. On October 1, 1971 the IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) Europe Chairman JULIEN BLOMMAERT (Belgium) wrote a letter to the owner and the "Life President" of the IFBB BEN WEIDER.
Note: President IFBB BEN WEIDER gave this letter of JULIEN BLOMMAERT to the IFBB Vice President SERGE NUBRET. Then in 1985 the above mentioned letter as well as other numerous historic and juridical our sport documents were sent by SERGE NUBRET to the contemporary International President WFF-WBBF (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS. In his letter SERGE NUBRET wrote taht DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS is the only one in the USSR to get these documents. World bodybuilding legend SERGE NUBRET was appointed to the position of the IFBB Vice President at the 1970 Belgrade Congress in Yugoslavia. He served at this position until 1975. In 1976 SERGE NUBRET set the International WABBA (World Amateur Body Building Association). SERGE NUBRET thought it will be safe to send the documents to DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS who may use them to make the situation in bodybuilding sport more open to public. The documents as well as many other historic bodybuilding articles are kept in the archieves of the International WFF-WBBF federation.
In the letter of JULIAN BLOMMAERT the situation in IFBB and NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) is spoken over. At that time in the "Western" World IFBB and NABBA were the two basic International bodybuilding organizations. In 1968 in the Socialist World started the first International Bodybuilding organization and that was was the "USSR Bodybuilding Committee". Also in 1968 the historic "Amber Prix International" ("Gintarinis prizas", «Янтарный приз») bodybuilding contest started.
JULIEN BLOMMAERT wrote in his letter about the 12-th IFBB "Mr. Universe" (1971) competition. Then the winners were GIUSEPPE DEIANA (Belgium), brother of JULIEN BLOMAERT KARL BLOMAERT and ALBERT BECKLES (UK). In the letter he feels sad about the fact that at the IFBB "Mr. Universe" contest a NABBA man ALBERT BECKLES won the over all title. JULIEN BLOMMAERT writes that the IFBB "Mr. Universe" organization was terrible that time and that the level of competitors was very bad. After the contest there was a fight and a number of people were taken to hospital.
Also JULIAN BLOMMAERT speaks about bad judging. He accuses representatives of Communist Countries, Arab and Orinent Countries who organized their own block at the 1970 IFBB Belgrade Congress.
Note: at the IFBB International Belgrade Congress out of 24 Countries present 12 were the "Communist Orients": Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Malaysia, Pakistan, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Japan, Singapore, Syria and Kenya.
JULIEN BLOMMAERT writes that all of the representatives of the "Communist Orients" are only dressed like people but in fact they are not civilized.
In the same letter JULIEN BLOMMAERT comments the 1971 NABBA "Mr. Universe" competition. He thinks that the NABBA position is bright. World's best elite bodybuilders are with NABBA: CHRIS DICKERSON, SERGIO OLIVA, BILL PEARL, FRANK ZANE, KEN WALLER, REG PARK etc..
In the letter JULIEN BLOMMAERT accused the International IFBB President BEN WEIDER with taking important decissions alone. This was against the Rules and the Constitution of IFBB that was accepted at the IFBB International Congress in Belgrade. JULIEN BLOMMAERT thinks that it is bad for the IFBB reputation. He asks BEN WEIDER to "awake otherwise everybody will run away from the IFBB and only he and JULIEN BLOMMAERT will remain".
Note: the same situation was also in 1990 when nearly all IFBB Professional bodybuilders left the IFBB federation and joined the activities of VINCE MAC MAHON.
Since 2012 the WFF-WBBF International (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) works on the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia" which will cover the period of the last 130 years. Until now nobody even tried to do this. The Encyclopedia will be Published in four languages in the nearest future. In various languages we are studying historic materials. There we found unbelievable stories about the World's history of bodybuilding. Everywhere with some exceptions we found lies. It is possible to understand when new "leaders" want to rise themselves by diminishing the previous ones. Often the new ones even do not mention the previous leaders at all.
Today the history of bodybuilding presented in the USA and in the World is not correct. This way in the USA are forgotten the real American historic heroes of our sport. But these forgotten heroes of the USA bodybuilding were accepted at the White House by three USA Presidents! Everybody reads only the unreal history of the commercial "WEIDER's Empire". This is very bad... It is humoristic to see their materials when even the pictures of famous bodybuilders are developed so that anybody can not see the name and logo of other federation.
Let us speak about the Europe. Comparing with the NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) nothing historically important happened in Europe. And again –NABBA after the death of their Leader OSCAR HEIDENSTAM last thirty years had no other real head of this level. It is the reason that today NABBA nearly not seen and it is behind the other International organizations.
Another World.
This was a Picture of the "Western" World. But there was another World, the "Socialist" one. The Socialist World was nothing diferent of the "Western" one. For seventy years both "Worlds" were didvided by the "Iron Wall" and lived separate life. Sport too. In the "Western" World nobody could get the information about the Socialist bodybuilding. It was and it is of no interest for them. The situation in the history of bodybuilding of the Socialist World is the same. Today much false information is presented in public. We will not discuss here about the poor "poets" who sing the unreal songs about the "WEIDER Empire". Just to start – five members of the 1968 historic USSR bodybuilding Council are forgotten. And it was the first International Bodybuilding Federation in the Socialis World. And it was even two years before the IFBB (International Federation of Body Builders) International Federation was officially created at the International Congress in Belgrade (Jugoslavia). At the same time new "leaders" are telling lies about their participation in the historic events, such as one from Tiumen and another from Sankt Peterburg (both Russian). But on April 22, 1988 by a special order for "unfair financial behaviour" the USSR Sport Ministry (Goskomsport) kicked away this Tiumen "leader" from the USSR Bodybuilding federation. Again articles are written, books issued about these false leaders and their false stories.
Since 2012 the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. International (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) works on the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia" which will cover the period of the last 130 years. Until now nobody even tried to do this. The Encyclopedia will be Published in four languages in the nearest future. In various languages we are studying historic materials. There we found unbelievable stories about the World's history of bodybuilding. Everywhere with some exceptions we found lies. It is possible to understand when new "leaders" want to rise themselves by diminishing the previous ones. Often the new ones even do not mention the previous leaders at all.
Today the history of bodybuilding presented in the USA and in the World at leats is not correct. This way in the USA are forgotten the real American historic heroes of our sport. But these forgotten heroes of the USA bodybuilding were accepted at the White House by three USA Presidents! Everybody reads only the unreal history of the commercial "WEIDER's Empire". This is very bad... It is humoristic to see their materials when even the pictures of famous bodybuilders are developed so that anybody can not see the name and logo of other federation.
Let us speak about the Europe. Comparing with the N.A.B.B.A. (National Amateur Body Building Association) nothing historically important happened in Europe. And again – N.A.B.B.A. after the death of their Leader OSCAR HEIDENSTAM last thirty years had no other real head of this level. It is the reason that today N.A.B.B.A. is not noticable and it is behind the other International organizations.
This was a Picture of the "Western" World. But there was another World, the "Socialist" one. The Socialist World was nothing diferent of the "Western" one. For seventy years both "Worlds" were didvided by the "Iron Wall" and lived separate life. Sport too. In the "Western" World nobody could get the information about the Socialist bodybuilding. It was and it is of no interest for them. But if somebody did not hear about Australia – this does not mean that Australia is not egzisting. The situation in the history of bodybuilding of the Socialist World is the same. Today much false information is presented in public. We will not discuss here about the poor "poets" who sing the unreal songs about the "WEIDER Empire". Just to start – five members of the 1968 historic U.S.S.R. bodybuilding Council are forgotten. And it was the first International Bodybuilding Federation in the Socialis World. And it was even two years before the I.F.B.B. (International Federation of Body Builders) International Federation was officially created at the International Congress in Belgrade (Jugoslavia). At the same time new "leaders" are telling lies about their participation in the historic events, such as one from Tiumen and another from Sankt Peterburg (both Russian). But on April 22, 1988 by the special order for "unfair financial behaviour" the U.S.S.R. Sport Ministry (Goskomsport) kicked away this Tiumen "leader" from the U.S.S.R. Bodybuilding federation. Again articles are written, books issued about these false leaders and their false stories.
"WEST" BODYBUILDERS FIRST TIME IN THE U.S.S.R.
Working more than fifty years and uniting 135 Counties the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) International is making the finishing touches to the first part of the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia". The Encyclopedia will be issued in several languages. As there are many unknown and hidden facts about the history of bodybuildent, the publishers will do their best to solve the problem.
In 1988 West German bodybuilders participated at the International Contest in Riga (Latvia). This was the first time when after the "Iron Wall" period the "West" sportsmen came to the U.S.S.R.. Germans and Latvians were the first in bodybuilding to break the "Iron Wall" which was between the Socialist and the "West" Worlds. Athletes from Estonia, Germany, Ukraine, Lithuania and Latvia took part in the Riga event. The best among the Germans was the Senior Europe Champion HEINZ HORLING and the best among the U.S.S.R. bodybuilders was Latvian STANISLAV POLIAKOV.
More detailed information on the Global International Site www.wff.lt, see forum topics. Also information available on the Facebook pages: W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. International, W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. North America, W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. South America, W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. Asia, W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. Europe, W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. Africa, W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. Asia Continental Federation, International Sport University (I.S.U., www.isuniversity.lt), W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. Pro Division, W.P.S.F. World Power Sports Federation.
2020. WORLD BODYBUILDING LEGEND INNAR MARDO.
INNAR MARDO – THE HEART OF ESTONIA BODYBUILDING.
During the long lasting history of Estonia bodybuilding there were no more so High Bodybuilding Personalities, so skilled organizers and trainers as INNAR MARDO (1946-2002).
INNAR MARDO started his International activities with the prestigeous "Georg Tenno Memorial" competitions. During his life he became very professional in this sport. Together with the contemporary President of the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) International Federation DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS, INNAR MARDO was for many years in contact with all main World's Bodybuilding Leaders such as BEN WEIDER, OSCAR HEIDENSTAM, SERGE NUBRET.
WORLD HISTORIC CONTEST "AMBER PRIX INTERNATIONAL".
Representing Estonia INNAR MARDO was the Head of all National Teams to the World's Oldest Tradinional Bodybuilding Contest – the "Amber Prix International" (1968-2020).
During the twenty years of prohibition and prosecution of Bodybuilding Sport in the Socialist Countries and the U.S.S.R., the "Amber Prix International" was the unofficial World Bodybuilding Championship of the Socialist Countries and the Bodybuilding Championship of the U.S.S.R. (see in various languages more information on the International Internet Site www.wff.lt main page and forum topics "World Bodybuilding History. How it was in real" and also in the Official W.F.F. – W.B.B.F.. International Magazine "Sport of Fitness and Bodybuilding", Issues No. 28,33,34).
NATIONAL FEDERATION W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. ESTONIA.
Ending the nineties of the last Century INNAR MARDO was very active in the work of the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. International. At that time the National Federation W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. Estonia was set and registered officially. INNAR MARDO was the first President of the National Federation W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. Estonia.
In 2001 INNAR MARDO was one of the main organizers of the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. Europe Championship in the capital Estonia City of Tallinn.
After unexpectidly early INNAR MARDO passed away the Estonians use to organize anual "Innar Mardo Memorial" Contest.
2020. WORLD BODYBUILDING ENCYCLOPEDIA.
GET TO KNOW WORLD BODYBUILDING HISTORY. UNIQUE GLOBAL PROJECT - WORLD BODYBUILDING ENCYCLOPEDIA.
Today the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. (World Fitness Federation, World Body Building Federation) International unites 135 Country – Members and organizes nearly 60 anual Am and Pro International Events World Wide. Looking from the juridic point of view the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. International is no doubt the Real World Bodybuilding Leader.
Crowning it's 50 years of International Bodybuilding activities, the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. works on the Unique Global International Bodybuilding Project - the "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia" («Энциклопедия всемирного культуризма»).
The Head of the Encyclopedia working group is the President W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. International DSc. EDMUNDAS DAUBARAS.
Until now nobody even tried to work on such a huge International Project. To be frank, only few people can do it. There were attempts to name some previous works as "Encyclopedia" too, but that were not Encyclopedias of Bodybuilding Sport in real (for example, as Arnold Schwarzenegger's "Encyclopedia" was written about himself in person mostly). In real every Encyclopedia covers much wider things.
Our "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia" is based on the fivety years collected Historic Archives of the W.F.F. – W.B.B.F. International and also on the Archivic Documents presented to us by the Owner and the President of W.A.B.B.A. (World Amateur Body Building Association) SERGE NUBRET (France), the Heads of the UK Public Club N.A.B.B.A. (National Amateur Body Building Association) OSCAR HEIDENSTAM (England) and IVAN DUNBAR (Ireland), the Owners and Heads of the I.F.B.B. (International Federation of Body Builders) Commercial Company BEN WEIDER (Canada), PAUL CHUA (Singapore), ALEX BAUER (Austria), JOSE PARDO HIDALGO (Spain).
Starting with EUGENY SANDOW our "Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding" covers the period of nearly 120 years time. It presents over 9000 known International Bodybuildings Sport Personalities who were very important for the World Bodybuilding Sport during the period of the last Century. All these 9000 Bodybuilding Persons are representing all historically known traditional International Bodybuilding Federations. Comparing with the Bodybuilding Encyclopedia made by USA Bodybuilding Organizers in Internet, our "World Bodybuilding Encyclopedia" covers 90% wider information than the one of the USA.
All Athletes of these Federations of the last 120 years, who took high places at the Official Competitions as the World and Continent Am and Pro Championships, are in our Encyclopedia. All known International Officials and Organizers are also in our Encyclopedia as well.
Our "Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding" will be published in various popular languages.
IMPORTANT WORLD BODYBUILDING FACTS.
We would like to underline that the 2017 year was an extraordinary year for the World's bodybuilding. In 2013 the International Sport Society was celebrating 50-th anniversary of the World's Oldest Traditional Bodybuilding Contest "Amber Prix International" (международный турнир "Янтарный приз», 1968-2020).
In 2018 the International Sport Society was celebrating the 120-th anniversary of the first bodybuilding contest ever (held in 1898 in England and Russia). Also in 1898 in England the first Bodybuilding "Health and Strenght" Magazine was started to issue and it is issued until now by ROY EDWARDS.
In 2017 the International Sport Society was celebrating the 90-th anniversary of female fitness. It is connected with BRONE's DUBAR regular trainings and participation in New York City in 1927-1940. We are glad that the Americans started collecting additional historic information about BRONE DUBAR for the coming "Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding". BRONE DUBAR with her family emigrated from Lithuania to the USA right before the First World War.
OVER ALL I.F.B.B. "MR. UNIVERSE" CHAMPIONS.
OVER ALL N.A.B.B.A. "MR. UNIVERSE" CHAMPIONS.


text:
// *****************************************************************************

// *****************************************************************************
#ifndef nowarning_particlewriter_def_h
#define nowarning_particlewriter_def_h

#include "Macro.hpp"

#if defined(__clang__)
  #pragma clang diagnostic push
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wshorten-64-to-32"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra-semi"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreorder"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wundef"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-noreturn"
  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"
#elif defined(STRICT_GNUC)
  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"
  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wreorder"
  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
#endif

#include "../IO/particlewriter.def.h"

#if defined(__clang__)
  #pragma clang diagnostic pop
#elif defined(STRICT_GNUC)
  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

#endif // nowarning_charestatecollector_def_h

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I have had the pleasure of working with Dan Coughlin for 4 years. He has a unique ability to provide both individual and group development. As my Business Coach he has developed tools that I use which challenge my thought process and enhance the effectiveness of my decisions. While his perspective is wide ranging, he also is very effective with specific situations. He customizes processes based on your specific needs and then stays focused on using the process effectively to help you achieve the desired result. He does a thorough job of understanding his audience when working with a group. The amount of prework and preparation including getting to know each player has been very effective. His style of coaching leaves the group feeling that they solved the issue and truly own the process. Dan's ability to partner with an organization through focusing on opportunity is one of his many strengths that help you get to the result.
– Al Koller, President, Koller Enterprises Inc.
For more information on guiding strategic decision-making discussion, click here.


Sure, the iPad's cool. But business users want something besides cool, and the numbers say that works in favor of Android. If you're an Android developer, you want to be ready to handle the deeper functionality and more complex needs of corporate customers.
So, ALL you app developers our there and ALL you consumers…what tablet do YOU prefer and why? Tell me your toughts and ask me your questions!


text:
María Milagros Charbonier Laureano (born November 24, 1963) is a Puerto Rican lawyer and politician. She was elected to the Puerto Rico House of Representatives on the 2012 general election. She also served as Secretary General of the New Progressive Party (PNP). She is known for her controversial views against the LGBT community. She was arrested by the FBI in August 2020, and faces 13 charges of corruption for numerous crimes, which include theft and money laundering, perpetrated specifically through a kickback scheme.

Early years and studies

María Milagros Charbonier was born on November 24, 1963 in Fajardo, Puerto Rico to Roberto Charbonier and Milagros Laureano. She studied in various schools in the metropolitan area, graduating from high school in 1981 from the Dr. José M. Lázaro High School.

In 1986, Charbonier received a bachelor's degree in Arts, with a major in Social Science from the University of Puerto Rico in Río Piedras. After that, she completed a Juris doctor from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Law. Charbonier passed the bar exam, which allows her to practice law in Puerto Rico.

Professional career

Charbonier has worked as an attorney, specializing in areas like family, criminal, constitutional, and environmental law. She has also served as legal advisor to various municipalities in the island. As such, she was chosen to represent the Delegation of Lawyers of Carolina. She was then elected as delegate to the board of directors of the Puerto Rico Bar Association, where she occupied the position of vice-president. In recent years, Charbonier served as administrative judge of the Special Education Program of the Puerto Rico Department of Education. She has also worked for the Puerto Rico Police Department and the Department of Family Affairs of Puerto Rico.

Charbonier has been censured by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico for unethical conduct and faced three other complaints before the Supreme Court. The censure by the Supreme Court was handed down in 2002 after she issued an affidavit as a notary in which she stated two witnesses who were not present were present. She faced a second complaint in 2006 when two individuals, one of whom was a former police agent, submitted a complaint after Charbonier publicly accused them of selling information to drug dealers; the complaint was dismissed by the Court. In 2015 a third complaint was heard before the Court after allegations she had over billed for legal work performed for the municipality of Canovanas, this complaint was dismissed because a majority of the Justices believed that it was unreasonable to ask Charbonier to explain events that had happened over a decade ago. She now faces a fourth ethical complaint due to a contract written by her as a notary in 1999.

Political career

Charbonier served as Secretary General of the New Progressive Party (PNP) during Pedro Rosselló's tenure as Governor of Puerto Rico.

She appeared in a ballot for the first time in 2008 when she ran for delegate from Puerto Rico to the 2008 Democratic National Convention. She was pledged to then Senator Barack Obama. She subsequently switched to the Republican Party and ran for delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention, pledged to Ben Carson.

Charbonier won a spot on the PNP ballot at the primaries earlier in 2012. She arrived in fifth place in the voting. She was elected at the 2012 elections, receiving the second highest number of votes within her party, behind incumbent Speaker Jenniffer González.

After her reelection in 2016, Charbonier was named as the president of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico Commission of the Judiciary.

She is a controversial figure in politics due to her traditional views on LGBT individuals, the legalization of marijuana, among other subjects. As part of her anti-LGBT activism Charbonier has attempted to block same-sex marriage through the Courts by suing the governor arguing that the Supreme Court of the United States' decision in Obergefell v. Hodges did not apply to Puerto Rico because of its status as an unincorporated territory. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico handed down an opinion dismissing the claim and stating that the plaintiffs did not have a remote chance of prevailing. She has also been criticized for attempts at legalizing discrimination against LGBT individuals through religious exemptions and legislation. During public hearings in 2013 on a bill to extend protections against domestic violence to same sex couples, Charbonier compared homosexuality to pedophilia and bestiality, drawing criticism for other legislators and LGBTQ activists.

On August 17, 2020 Charbonier was arrested by the FBI for multiple public corruption cases that were under investigation. The charges includes theft, bribery, kickbacks, and money laundering. The federal grand jury 13-count indictment is against Charbonier herself, her husband Orlando Montes-Rivera (Montes), their son Orlando Gabriel Montes-Charbonier, and Charbonier assistant Frances Acevedo-Ceballos (Acevedo). She presented her letter of resignation the next day, which will be effective on September 15, 2020.

Personal life

As of 2012, María Milagros Charbonier had been married for 28 years with attorney Orlando Montes Rivera. They have two children. On August 17, 2020 the FBI arrested Charbonier along with her husband and son.

References

1963 births
Interamerican University of Puerto Rico alumni
Living people
New Progressive Party members of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
University of Puerto Rico alumni
21st-century Puerto Rican women politicians
21st-century Puerto Rican politicians
Political corruption

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Detecting Div end with jQuery I want to detect a div (dynamic content div) end, when user scroll down the scroller in jquery.
i use this code but it will call jquery function by each pixel of scroll down.
$j(function($j){
      $j('.products').bind('scroll', function()
        {
          if($j(this).scrollTop() + $j(this).innerHeight()>=$j(this)[0].scrollHeight)
          {
            alert('end reached');
            $j.fn.productsload();
          }
        });
    }
  );

But i want to alert and call function when the div end reach otherwise not alert anything.!
Any idea will be appreciated :) ....Thanx

A: I'm not sure of the exact syntax but you can use .scrollTop() which gets the height of the content that has already been scrolled beyond view.
if ((divsContentHeight - actualDivHeight) == scrollTopValue)
{
  //Tada, you have reached end of scrolling
}

A: I have find a solution for this problem, by finding the div height from top to div end, and also finding the total page scroll by .scrollTop() + (window).height() and compare these two values like.
$j(function($j){
      $j('.products').bind('scroll', function()
        {
            var elem = $j('products');
            var divend = elem[0].scrollHeight + elem.offset().top; // full height of div (from top and actual div height).
            var pagescroll = $j(this).scrollTop() + $j(this).height(); // Total page scrolled.

              if(divend <= pagescroll)
              {
                  alert(" Div End reached! ");
                  alert("Full DIV height: "+divend+" Scroll page Height: "+pagescroll);
              }
       }
   }

SO this is  the solution of finding div end when scrolling down by jquery.....
Cheer!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Stadia9 Videos
FIGHTERS, MISSIONS, AND OTHER IN-GAME CONTENT AWAIT PLAYERS IN DRAGON BALL XENOVERSE 2 UPDATES
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Life is Strange: Before the Storm will come to new platforms in a Remastered Collection
SQUARE ENIX® today announced the new release date for Life is Strange™: REMASTERED COLLECTION – February 1, 2022 Once again harness the power of Max's rewind ability or Chloe's quick-witted attitude in the Life is Strange Remastered Collection. Features include: Remastered character and environment visualsNew engine and lighting upgradesBrand new, fully motion captured facial animation in Life […]
Death makes Stadia debut in Darksiders II Deathinitive Edition out today!
The war between Heaven and Hell has expanded to Stadia – Darksiders II Deathinitive Edition is now available for purchase on Stadia store for an SRP of $ 19.99 | € 19.99 | £ 17.99 and free to claim by Stadia Pro subscribers. Awakened by the End of Days, Death, the second Horseman of the Apocalypse, is […]
SIGN UP TODAY TO GET THE LATEST UPDATES ON TOM CLANCY'S XDEFIANT
Ubisoft announced an upcoming free-to-play, FPS, Tom Clancy's XDefiant, blending fast-paced 6-v-6 arena combat with faction-based abilities. XDefiant will available on PlayStation® 4, PlayStation® 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X | S, and Ubisoft Connect, Luna and Stadia, with full crossplay expected at launch. During the past 21 years, the Tom Clancy universe has become […]
Kaze and the Wild Masks hops towards release on March 26, 2021
The classics inspired platformer launches on Nintendo Switch™, PlayStation®4, Xbox One, Steam® and Google Stadia™ 90s classics inspired platformer Kaze and the Wild Masks launches on March 26, 2021 with a physical and digital edition. The game will release on Nintendo Switch, PS4™, Xbox One, Steam and Google Stadia. During its early development stages, Kaze and the Wild Masks already received noticeable praise from […]
SNIPER ELITE 4, THE DEFINITIVE WW2 TACTICAL SHOOTER, IS OUT NOW ON SWITCH!
The award-winning, SNIPER ELITE 4 is OUT NOW on Nintendo Switch. Rebellion's genre-defining WW2 tactical shooter is available to purchase and play now, both via the Nintendo eShop and in boxed editions. Played by more than 15 million people worldwide and widely acclaimed by press and fans alike, Sniper Elite 4 is the WW2 shooter of a […]
OG_Cathy
Cris Tales Delays into 2021 for Current and Next-Gen Consoles
Modus Games today announced that the upcoming JRPG title Cris Tales will be delayed from its original November 17 release date. The classically-inspired game will now release in 2021. Cris Tales will be coming to both current and next-gen consoles, releasing on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X, PC, and Stadia. "The decision to delay […]
OUTRIDERS COMING TO GOOGLE STADIA
SQUARE ENIX® is excited to announce a partnership with Google to bring OUTRIDERS™, the highly anticipated upcoming RPG-Shooter from People Can Fly, the developers of Gears of War: Judgment and BULLETSTORM, and Square Enix External Studios, the minds behind SLEEPING DOGS® and JUST CAUSE®, to Stadia. OUTRIDERS is a co-op RPG shooter with brutal powers and intense action, deep RPG mechanics, and […]
THE TERMINATOR INVADES TOM CLANCY'S GHOST RECON BREAKPOINT
bisoft has announced a partnership with StudioCanal that will bring the Terminator to Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon® Breakpoint. The free event will feature multiple mission settings, enemies and dialogues inspired from the original 1984 The Terminator movie. The event will be available for all players starting tomorrow, 9am GMT on the Xbox One family of devices including […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Welcome to 2018 IU Day at SHRS!
Help us celebrate SHRS students, faculty and staff, and donor impact this IU Day. Watch us on Facebook and Twitter for new content throughout the day, read student spotlights to see how your support impact our students and support our students as they do GREAT things in and out of the classroom.
We hope that you join us in celebrating IU Day. Make sure to use the #IUDAY and #SHRSIUDAY in all your Social Media on April 18th!


Susan Berry, winnner of the 2013 Mary Neville Award. Photo by Rob Beintema, The Mississauga News.
2012 presentation to Paul Zarnke. Photo by Rob Beintema, The Mississauga News.
PCC presented the 2012 Ron Lenyk Volunteer of the Year Award to Brampton resident Stephanie Barbosa.
Calling Stephanie "the Childcare Whisperer," Linda Buchanan recalled a 5-year-old boy who "could go from 0 to 60 in a matter of seconds and no one, including his parents, could settle him." During one particularly difficult session at PCC, the boy's worker asked Stephanie to join them. To everyone's disbelief, Stephanie was able to calm him to the point where she and he could go into another room and have an engaging hour together. "Stephanie has a tremendous gift," Buchanan said.
We were thrilled that Ron Lenyk was able to join us for the presentation. "Stephanie, on behalf of all the families who benefit from PCC's mental health services, congratulations on this well-deserved recognition," said Lenyk, a long-time supporter of PCC and other charitable organizations in Peel.
PCC presented the 2012 Mary Neville Award to Paul Zarnke, who recently retired as Executive Director of Peel Children's Aid.
Paul Zarnke is being recognized for his strong vision of social service collaboration within the Region of Peel," said Humphrey Mitchell, PCC's Executive Director. "Paul has invested extended time at the Fair Share for Peel Task Force working tirelessly to obtain more equitable funding for social services in Peel. He was instrumental in establishing Success by Six, forming the Safer Families Initiative, and launching the Peel Children and Youth Initiative.
"All of these initiatives have lead to significant enhancements in prevention and early intervention in children's mental health," added Mitchell.
Zarnke retired at the end of June from an outstanding career in social services. He served as Executive Director for Peel Children's Aid since January 2003. Prior to his leadership within the Peel community, Paul was Executive Director for both St. Christopher House and the Family Service Association of Toronto.


text:
Tijdens de Olympische Winterspelen van 2010, die in Vancouver (Canada) werden gehouden, nam Oostenrijk voor de eenentwintigste keer deel aan de Winterspelen.

Medailleoverzicht

Deelnemers en resultaten

Alpineskiën

Biatlon

Bobsleeën

Freestylskiën

Kunstrijden

Langlaufen

Noordse combinatie

Rodelen

Schaatsen

Schansspringen

Shorttrack

Skeleton

Snowboarden

dns: niet gestart; dnf: niet gefinisht; dsq: gediskwalificeerd

Land op de Olympische Winterspelen 2010
2010


text:
Published on May 8th, 2018 | by Joshua S Hill
First Solar Starts Off 2018 With A Bang
May 8th, 2018 by Joshua S Hill
Originally published on Solar Love.
First Solar Caps Strong First Quarter With New Ohio Manufacturing Plant
Leading US solar manufacturer First Solar published its first-quarter earnings report late last month, depicting a strong start to the year with increased sales of $567 million and the commencement of Series 6 module production in April which, in turn, led to the company's announcement of a new solar manufacturing plant in Perrysburg, Ohio.
First Solar announced its first-quarter earnings to the world on April 26 at the same time as it announced plans to build a new 1.2 gigawatt (GW) solar module manufacturing facility in Perrysburg, Ohio, which is expected to create 500 jobs and will focus on producing the company's Series 6 thin film photovoltaic module — and which was heralded earlier in the year by company CEO Mark Widmar. The news is unsurprising given US President Donald Trump's January decision to impose a 30% tariff on all imported solar cells and modules, refocusing solar manufacturers wanting to do business in the United States and incentivizing local manufacturing.
"Strong demand in the US for advanced solar technology, along with recent changes in US corporate tax policies, have encouraged our decision to grow First Solar's US production operations," said Mike Koralewski, First Solar's Senior Vice President of Global Manufacturing. "State and local officials and JobsOhio have also worked with us to create a business-friendly environment that supported our objectives. These factors, combined with our own economies of scale in high tech manufacturing, make expanding US operations an attractive, win-win opportunity."
While the new solar tariff is definitely playing its part in First Solar's decision — and the decisions of other companies, such as JinkoSolar's newly announced Florida manufacturing facility and SunPower's decision to acquire SolarWorld Americas' US-based operations — it was solidified in the success of its new Series 6 solar product. Year-to-date bookings for Series 6 modules has already reached 3.3 GW and the company also began shipping Series 6 modules in the first quarter.
"Our first quarter earnings and continued bookings momentum provide a positive start to the year," said Mark Widmar. "Our earnings for the quarter were supported by the sale of both domestic and international projects, combined with efficient management of core operating expenses. Customer demand for our Series 6 product continues to be strong as evidenced by our year-to-date net bookings of 3.3GWDC.
"We also achieved significant technology milestones this month with the start of Series 6 production in Ohio and the first commercial module shipments to systems projects. We remain focused on leveraging the advantages of our differentiated technology and applying our disciplined operating approach to achieve our near-term and long-term priorities."
For the first quarter, First Solar reported earnings of $567 million, up $228 million on the previous quarter but well down on the spectacular $892 million reported in the first quarter of 2017. The increase in first-quarter sales was due primarily to the sale of international projects in India and Japan, as well as the sale of the company's Rosamond project.
Earnings per share for the first quarter (on a GAAP basis) amounted to $0.78 compared to a loss per share of $4.14 in the fourth quarter, and $0.09 in the first quarter of 2017, and beating out analyst expectations by an impressive $0.85. Gross profit margin was 30.5% for the quarter, while the company's cash and marketable securities declined slightly from $3 billion at the end of 2017 to $2.9 billion due to an increase in capital spending for additional Series 6 capacity.
First Solar barely modified its 2018 guidance, only shifting its Net Cash Balance down to between $2 billion and $2.2 billion, dropping its Operating Cash Flow down to between $0 and $100 million, and increasing its Capital Expenditures up to between $850 million to $950 million.
Reprinted with permission.
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Tags: 2018, financial earnings, first quarter, first quarter earnings, First Solar, Q1, Q1'18, quarterly earnings
Joshua S Hill I'm a Christian, a nerd, a geek, and I believe that we're pretty quickly directing planet-Earth into hell in a handbasket! I also write for Fantasy Book Review (.co.uk), and can be found writing articles for a variety of other sites. Check me out at about.me for more.
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