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Allison Henry
Sustainability and Social Impact Program
Clinical Assistant Professor in Kellogg's Social Impact Program and Director of the Golub Capital Board Fellows Program
allison.henry@kellogg.northwestern.edu
Download Vita (PDF)
Allison Henry is a Clinical Assistant Professor in Kellogg School of Management's Social Impact Program and Director of the Golub Capital Board Fellows Program at Northwestern University.
Alli's career has spanned the private, public and social sectors. Most recently, she served as
Executive Director of The People's Music School. She led strategy, finance, operations, human
resources, evaluation, and fundraising of the rapidly growing social impact organization. During
her tenure, the school experienced 3x growth, became nationally recognized by industry leaders
such as Carnegie Hall, and performed with and for luminaries such as Yo-Yo Ma and President
Barack and First Lady Michelle Obama.
The foundation of her experience was formed at Bain & Company, a global consultancy where
she advised Fortune 500 companies across retail, consumer, health care and private equity
industries in issues related to strategy, market entry, pricing, and M&A. While at Bain, Alli was
selected to extern with the Civic Consulting Alliance, led undergraduate recruiting efforts,
launched the local pro-bono Inspire initiative, and managed one of the firm's treasured assets –
the Bain Band.
Since Bain, Alli has specialized in building entrepreneurial organizations with a commitment to
social impact. She was the sixth employee at Mission Measurement, a for-profit social
enterprise that supports nonprofits, foundations and corporations to measure the impact of their
work. She was the first full-time hire at the venture philanthropy fund A Better Chicago, where
she led sourcing, due diligence, and portfolio management, and launched an early-stage
funding competition.
Alli earned her MBA in one year from The Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern
University and her BA in three years with a double major in Mathematics and Economics from
Grinnell College. Alli has advised at The University of Chicago's Booth School of Business as a
coach for its Social Enterprise Lab and is an Adjunct Professor in the School of
Communications at Northwestern University.
Full-Time / Evening & Weekend MBA Courses
Advanced Board Governance (SSIM-471-5)
Students will earn .5 credits in Fall, .5 credits in Spring and receive a grade at the end of Spring Quarter.
This practicum in board governance is an extension of Board Governance of Nonprofit Organizations (KPPI-453-5), during which students selected as Board Fellows are matched with a Chicago-area nonprofit to gain experience working with a board of directors and its leaders for 17 months. "Advanced Board Governance" features guest speakers, a board-meeting simulation, and lectures/discussions that delve deeper into topics such as the fiduciary responsibilities of nonprofit boards, board member responsibilities, board member expectations, parliamentary procedure, funding sources, differences between nonprofit and commercial board service, and what to consider before joining a nonprofit board. Course occurs monthly throughout the academic year; students also must attend the board meetings of their nonprofit. A final paper, a consulting project for the student's nonprofit, and an evaluation by the nonprofit partner are required. This course is worth a full credit (1.0 credit)
Board Governance of Non-Profit Organizations (SSIM-455-5)
This five week course is designed to provide students with an understanding of how nonprofit and social impact organizations are governed. It will appeal to students who are likely to engage in board service or to lead a nonprofit or social impact organization. The goal is to help students understand the workings of nonprofit organizations; the roles and responsibilities of boards; and how boards operate. It will focus on the unique aspects of nonprofit/social impact board governance and what comprises an effective board. The course also addresses how organizations and boards move through various stages of growth and development and how nonprofit boards differ from corporate/public boards and where similarities exist in structure, operations and responsibilities. The course will be developed through readings, lectures, cases, discussions and guest speakers. The course will include an individual assignment and two case analyses that can be done individually or as a group. There is no in-class final.
Board Governance of Nonprofit Organizations (Board Fellows) (SSIM-453-5)
Intended to prepare students for board service and civic leadership, this is the first of two courses required for students selected as Kellogg Board Fellows. The course covers topics such as the fiduciary responsibilities of nonprofit boards, board member responsibilities, board member expectations, parliamentary procedure, funding sources, differences between nonprofit and commercial board service, and what to consider before joining a nonprofit board. Although the course includes guest speakers and a board-meeting simulation, four sessions are primarily in a lecture format.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Finished 6 lengths 5th (17.65) at Addington over 295m on January 10 beaten by Ming Ming NZ in a Class 4 race. Previously finished 1.4 lengths 3rd (17.35) at Addington over 295m on January 3 beaten by Shanly Star NZ in a Class 4 race. Each-way claims.
Raced in the lead when 2nd (17.30) beaten 2.5 lengths by Smash Wild NZ in a Class 4 race on January 10 at Addington over 295m. Raced in the lead before that when beaten half a neck, 2nd (17.56) by Homebush Boden NZ at Addington on December 6 over 295m in a Class 4 race. Take holding out.
Finished 6.3 lengths 4th (18.86) on January 15 at Forbury Park over 310m beaten by Shaw Lee NZ in a Class 4 race. Previously finished 5.9 lengths 4th (17.62) on January 10 over 295m at Addington beaten by Mohican Run NZ in a Class 3 race. Not out of it.
Battled on gamely defeating Opawa Viking NZ by a half head (17.47) on January 10 at Addington over 295m in a Class 3 race. Before that was 20.3 lengths 7th (18.71) from 8 on October 4 at Addington over 295m in a Class 3 race beaten by Zipping Lance NZ. Has ability.
On December 27 over 295m at Addington was beaten 7.3 lengths 8th (17.93)behind Flower Bomb NZ in a Class 4 race. Before that was 9.8 lengths 8th (17.95) from 8 on December 20 over 295m at Addington behind Ohoka Clare NZ in a Class 4/5 race. Comes in well.
Looked good defeating Zipping Lance NZ by 1.3 lengths (17.34) at Addington on January 10 over 295m in a Class 3 race. Showed good speed before that when 2nd (17.37) beaten 1.7 lengths by Fired Up Jed NZ at Addington over 295m on January 3 in a Class 3 race. Big chance.
Solid effort when 4th (17.43) beaten 4.6 lengths by Fired Up Jasper NZ in a Class 5 race at Addington on January 10 over 295m. Even run before that when 5th (17.60) beaten 4 lengths by Botany Cold NZ at Addington on January 3 over 295m in a Class 5 race. Keep in mind.
Finished 10.4 lengths 7th (17.81) at Addington over 295m on January 10 beaten by Fired Up Jasper NZ in a Class 5 race. Before that was 12.2 lengths 7th (17.69) from 8 on January 3 over 295m at Addington behind Nelso Allen NZ in a Class 5 race. Has ability.


R-14 Fiberglass insulation is installed in the roof, subfloor, front and rear caps, and below the holding tanks.
R-24 Radiant Technology insulation is installed throughout the fifth wheel, including the roof, subfloor, below the holding tanks, front and rear caps, fifth wheel overhang and slideroom floors.
Radiant Technology combined with fiberglass insulation gives Durango and Venom the equivalent of R-38 protection in the roof, all parts of the floors, below the holding tanks, and both front and rear caps. Because most manufacturers only upgrade insulation in the roof and underbelly, and don't upgrade the front and rear caps, subfloors, upper floors, below the holding tanks and fifth wheel overhangs, their insulation R-values are simply smoke and mirrors, and don't really contribute to the overall comfort or security of the fifth wheel. Durango and Venom are the most completely insulated all-weather fifth wheels in the industry!
Durango and Venom sidewalls are laminated with 2-inches of solid block foam insulation, giving the sidewalls an equivalent of R-11. Some manufacturers use 1-inch foam or spun fiberglass in the sidewalls, drastically reducing the all-weather capabilities and R-values.
Two attic vents are installed in every Durango and Venom to provide vital escape routes for unwanted interior moisture, were it to accumulate during use.
All waterlines and gray water pipes are installed between the subfloor joists near the heat duct and above all of the insulation, to protect the water system from the outside weather. Most manufacturers install waterlines and drains in the underbelly, leaving the water system more exposed to the elements, easily leading to freeze up.
3" x 14" Residential-style straight inline foam core insulated heat ducting is installed in the subfloor and upper decking. This allows for maximum heat flow and distribution with minimal heat loss. Most manufacturers use either dryer vent tubing fished through the underbelly or unsealed galvanized metal heat ducts, which cause massive heat flow restrictions and heat loss in the fifth wheel.
Durango and Venom boast a directly-heated underbelly and basement. Many manufacturers state that because they have an enclosed underbelly and run their heat ducting in this area, then the underbelly must be heated by the radiant heat coming off the outside walls of their heat ducts... Not!
Some manufacturers even install fake vents or do not install heating at all, leaving the bed and bathrooms colder than the rest of the fifth wheel. Durango and Venom have direct open heat vented into the underbelly area and a heat duct in the basement storage, giving both Durango and Venom a true, heated underbelly and basement.
Water tanks in Durango and Venom are surrounded with insulation, and also include a heat duct blowing directly on them. This helps keep them from freezing in cold weather.
Durango and Venom have a fully-heated water convenience center, which includes dump valves, city and water tank connections, outside shower, winterizing system and low-point drains. All water connections, drains and valves are potential plumbing freezing points. Most competitors do not heat their water systems at all, and even leave parts of the system directly exposed to the outside weather.
Durango and Venom have 2" x 8" metal-wrapped foam core air conditioning ducting, and come standard with one 15,000 BTU air conditioner. All larger models are prepped and prewired for a second air conditioner.
All in all, this All-Weather Insulation Package makes Durango and Venom some of the most complete, extended-use fifth wheels on the market.


kindle♥ - but more specific - the sookie stackhouse series!!
hope everyone has a good one!
Ahhh I love that costume! I saw it in our new mag we got & thought about for C just cus I liked it so much!!!
& I love the video!
That is the cutest costume!! And those are some great blogs. Love it!
We'd love to have you follow our blog!


How to play the game and other stuff.
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Post some questions here and we will do our best to answer them.
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Talk about anything to your hearts content.
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text:
\section{Sinopsis of Fundamentals and Motivation}
\label{sec:Funda}

\hspace{5mm}For many actual practical solutions and technological applications, due to the impressive development of low-dimensional electronic and optoelectronic devices, it is drastically important to include the valence-band mixing \cite{Klicmeck01}, \textit{i.e.} the degree of freedom transverse to the main transport direction, whenever the holes are involved. This phenomenology, early quoted by Wessel and Altarelli in resonant tunneling \cite{Wessel89}, has been lately pointed up for real-life technological devices \cite{Klicmeck01}. If the electronic transport through these systems, engage both electrons and holes, the low-dimensional device response depends on the slower-heavier charge-carrier's motion through specific potential regions \cite{Schneider89}. It is unavoidable to recognize that in the specialized literature there is plenty of reports studying several physical phenomena derived from hole mixing effects and  {strain}, \textit{via} standard existing methods.  {Some authors had managed to determine optimal situation in a resonant tunneling of holes under internal strains, disregarding scattering effects and assuming a spatial symmetry for a constant potential} \cite{Bittencourt97}.  {A fundamental study on valence-band mixing in first-principles, established a non-linear response for a pseudo-potential in series of the atomic distribution function} \cite{Foreman07}.  {Valence-band mixing and/or strain had been extensively studied over the past few decades in several nanostructures ranging from quantum wells \cite{Bittencourt97,Ekins99,Smeeton03,Nainani11}, to quantum wires \cite{Faux97,Sunil08} and to quantum dots \cite{Bafna13}}. However, just a few reports are available, concerning the very evolution itself of the effective potential due to several causes, as a central topic of research.   {We underline in the present paper the focus not on valence-band mixing and strain effects problem in general, but rather on the particular metamorphosis of the effective potential while manipulating both  effects. We hope to make some progress in understanding the underlaying physics as well as determine whether or not the valence-band mixing and strain are competitors mechanism in the evolution of the effective potential}.

Earliest striking elucidations due to Milanovi\'{c} and Tjapkin for electrons,\cite{Milanovic82} and recalled much later by P\'erez-\'Alvarez and Garc\'{\i}a-Moliner for a fully unspecific multiband theoretical case,\cite{RF04} are fundamental cornerstones in this concern. The metamorphosis of the effective \emph{band offset} potential $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, ``felt" by charge carriers depending on the transverse momentum value, is so far, the better way to graphically mimic, the phenomenon of the in-plane dependence of the effective mass, also refereed as the valence-band mixing for holes. In few words, a hole band mixing is crucial for bulk and low-dimensional confined systems possessing quantal heterogeneity, a question soon to be discussed in this paper, inspired in a similar scenario, as was done before for a single-band-electron problem \cite{Milanovic82}. Particularities of the appealing evolution features of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for holes, in the presence of gradually increasing valence-band mixing  {and strain}, could be of interest for condensed-matter physicists, working in the area of quantum transport for multiband-multichannel models. While previous studies in quantum systems have added substantial contributions to the elucidation of the valence-subband structure \cite{Klicmeck01}, and the influence of the hole mixing on it \cite{Foreman07,Milanovic82,RF04}, there remain some aspects which do not appear to have received yet sufficient attention and/or because of their interest deserve further clarification. This is essentially the case of  {the strain influence together with} carriers' transverse motion connection with the $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ they interact with,  {which are} the main porpoises under investigation here. We assume the last, widely understood as crucial for charge and spin carriers' quantum transport calculations through standard quantum barrier(QB) -- quantum well(QW) layered systems.

On general grounds, $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is given by the difference for $3D$ band edge levels  as long as the transverse momentum ($\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$) values are negligible.\cite{RF04} For finite $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$, this assertion is no longer valid and the mixing effects reveal. The mechanism responsible for this behavior, is the increment of the $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$-quadratic proportional term, yielding even to invert the roles of QW and QB \cite{Milanovic82,RF04}. Some authors had declared a shift upward in energy, of the bound states in the effective potential well as the transverse wave vector increases \cite{Ekbote99}. By letting grow $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$, were found the valence-band mixing effects to arise and $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ to change \cite{LCRP06}. They conclude a larger reduction for $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ as a function of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$, for light holes (\emph{lh}) respect to that for heavy holes (\emph{hh}) \cite{LCRP06}. These former works \cite{Foreman07,Milanovic82,RF04,Ekbote99,LCRP06}, were motivating enough and put us on an effort to try a more comprehensive vision, of how $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ evolves spatially with $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ {and strain}, for \emph{hh} and \emph{lh}. This paper is devoted to demonstrate, the feasibility of  {the } $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ profile  {evolution},  {QB-QW permutations, and bandgap changes}, as a reliable follow-up  {tools} for finding the response of a layered semiconductor system ---with spatial-dependent effective mass---, on travelling holes throughout it, by tuning the valence-band mixing and including stress effects.

Built-in elastic strained layered heterostructures, has been remarkably used in the last decade, for development of light-emitting diodes, lasers, solar cells and photodetectors.\cite{RMohan10} Besides, internal strain may results into a considerably modification of the electronic structure of both electrons and holes, thereby altering the response of strained systems respect to nominal behavior of strain-free designs.\cite{RMohan10} We get motivated about the probable existence of a competitor mechanism able to diminish the effects of valence-band mixing on $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, or wipe them out occasionally. Thus, owing to the need to account for strain in the present study, we additionally suppose the heterostructure sandwiched into an arbitrary configuration of pseudomorphically strained sequence of QW-acting and QB-acting binary(ternary) allows, due technological interest in that configuration. Whenever on layer-by-layer deposition, the epitaxially grown layer's lattice parameter matches that of the substrate in the in-plane direction --without collateral dislocations or vacancies--, the process is referred as pseudomorphic [see Fig. \ref{F1-2Dn}(b)].\cite{Jovanovic05} The last is widely chosen for most day-to-day applications, designed on a write-read platform, such as sound/image players and data-manipulating devices.

The outline for this paper is the following: Section \ref{sec:PotEff} presents briefly the theoretical framework to quote valence-band $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for both unstressed and stressed systems. Graphical simulations on $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ evolution, are exposed in Section \ref{sec:Res&Dis}. In that section, we exercise and discuss highly specialized $III-V$ semiconductor binary(ternary)-compound cases, that support the main contribution of the present study  {and suggest possible applications}. Section \ref{sec:Conclu}, contains some conclusions.

\begin{figure}
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=5in,height=2.8in]{F1-2D}
   \caption{\label{F1-2Dn}  Panel (a) shows the stress-free bulk materials, with lattice parameter $a_{l} < a_{s}$ smaller (\textsl{GaAsP}), and larger $a_{l} > a_{s}$ (\textsl{InGaAs}) than that of the substrate.\cite{Piprek03} Panel (b) illustrates a schematic representation of a pseudomorphic grown process for a layered heterostructure.\cite{Jovanovic05} The material \textsl{GaAsP} is under a tensile strain, while the material (\textsl{InGaAs}) is under compressive strain, as they both are forced to conform the buffer's lattice constant $a_{s}$ of a suitable semiconductor wafer.}
\end{figure}

\section{Calculation of the effective potential}
\label{sec:PotEff}

\hspace{5mm}Commonly, a wide class of solid-state physics problems, related to electronic and transport properties, demands the solution of multiband-coupled differential system of equations, widely known as Sturm-Liouville
matrix generalized boundary problem \cite{RF04}:
 \begin{eqnarray}
  \label{Eqmaestra}
   \frac{d}{dz} \left[ \bn{B}(z) \frac{d\bn{F}(z)}{dz} + \bn{P}(z)
   \bn{F}(z)\right] + \bn{Y}(z) \frac{d\bn{F}(z)}{dz} + \bn{W}(z) \bn{F}(z)
   & = & \bn{O}_{\mbox{\tiny N}},
 \end{eqnarray}
\noindent where $\bn{B}(z)$ and  $\bn{W}(z)$ are, in general, $(N \times N)$ Hermitian matrices and is fulfilled $\bn{Y}(z) = -\bn{P}^{\dagger}(z)$. In the absence of external fields, standard plane-wave solutions are assumed and it is straightforward to derive a non-linear algebraic problem
\begin{equation}
 \label{eq:QEP}
 \bn{Q}(k_{z})\bn{\Gamma} = \left\{k_{z}^{2}\bn{\mathcal{M}} + k_{z}\,\bn{\mathcal{C}} + \bn{\mathcal{K}} \right\}{\mbox{\bn{\Gamma}}}
                  = \bn{O}_{\mbox{\tiny N}},
\end{equation}
\noindent called as quadratic eigenvalue problem (QEP),\cite{LCRP06} since  $\bn{Q}(k_{z})$ is a second-degree matrix polynomial on the $z$-component wavevector $k_{z}$. In the specific case of the well-known ($4 \times 4$) Kohn-Lüttinger (KL) model Hamiltonian, the matrix coefficients of equation (\ref{eq:QEP}) bear a simple relation with those in (\ref{Eqmaestra}) \cite{LCRP06}:
\begin{equation}
 \label{QEP-Eqmaestra}
  \bn{\mathcal{M}} = -\bn{B},\;\; \bn{\mathcal{C}} = 2i\bn{P} \;\;\mbox{and}\;\; \bn{\mathcal{K}} = \bn{W}.
\end{equation}
Then for ($4 \times 4$) KL model, the matrix coefficients of (\ref{eq:QEP}) can be cast as :
\begin{equation}
 \label{M-KL}
 \bn{\mathcal{M}} =
 \left(
  \begin{array}{cccc}
    -m^{*}_{hh} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
    0 & -m^{*}_{lh} & 0 & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & -m^{*}_{h} & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & 0 & -m^{*}_{hh}
  \end{array}
 \right)
\end{equation}
 \begin{equation}
  \bn{\mathcal{C}} =
   \left(
    \begin{array}{cccc}
    0 & 0 & h_{13}+iH_{13} & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & 0 & -h_{13}-iH_{13} \\
    h_{13}-iH_{13} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
    0 & -h_{13}+iH_{13} & 0 & 0
   \end{array}
  \right)
 \end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 \bn{\mathcal{K}} =
 \left(
  \begin{array}{cccc}
    a_{1} & h_{12}+iH_{12} & 0 & 0 \\
    h_{12}-iH_{12} & a_{2} & 0 & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & a_{2} & h_{12}+iH_{12} \\
    0 & 0 & h_{12}-iH_{12} & a_{1}
  \end{array}
 \right)
\end{equation}
\noindent Here $m^{*}_{hh,lh}$ stands for the (\textit{hh},\textit{lh}) effective mass, respectively. We briefly introduce some parameters and relevant quantities (in atomic units) of the KL model:

$\gamma_{i}$, with $i=1,2,3$ [Lüttinger semi-empirical valence band parameters, typical for each semiconductor material].

$R=13.60569172$ eV [Rhydberg constant],

$a_{0}=0.5405$ {\AA} [Bohr radius],

$V$ [Finite stationary barrier's height].

$E$ [Energy of incident and uncoupled propagating modes],

$k_{x}$, $k_{y}$ [Components of the transversal wavevector],

$A_{1,2}=a_{0}^{2}R\left(\gamma_{1} \pm \gamma_{2}\right)$,

$a_{1,2}=A_{1,2}\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}^{2} + V(z) - E$,

$h_{12}=a_{0}^{2}R\sqrt[2]{3}\gamma_{2}\left(k_{y}^{2} - k_{x}^{2}\right)$,

$h_{13}=-a_{0}^{2}R\sqrt[2]{3}\gamma_{3}k_{x}$,

$H_{13} = a_{0}^{2}R\sqrt[2]{3}\gamma_{3}k_{y}$,

$H_{12}=a_{0}^{2}R\sqrt[2]{3}2\gamma_{3}k_{x}k_{y}$,

Bearing direct association to the original matrix dynamic equation, we exclusively focus to the case when $\bn{\mathcal{M}}$, $\bn{\mathcal{C}}$ and $\bn{\mathcal{K}}$ are constant-by-layer, hermitian; and  $\bn{\mathcal{M}}$ is non-singular; therefore $k_{z}$ are all different real (symmetric) or arises in conjugated pairs $(k_{z},k_{z}^{*})$. Hereafter $\bn{O}_{\mbox{\tiny N}}/\bn{I}_{\mbox{\tiny N}}$, stand for $(N \times N)$ null/identity matrix. The QEP's solutions result in the eigenvalues $k_{z_{j}}$ and the eigenvectors ${\mbox{\bn{\Gamma}}_j}$. As $\bn{Q}(k_{z})$ is regular, eight finite-real or complex-conjugated pairs of eigenvalues are expected.  Assuming a QEP method,\cite{LCRP06,AJGL11} it can be cast
\begin{equation}
 \label{eq:Polinom}
 \det\left[\bn{Q}(k_{z})\right] = q_{0} k_{z}^{8} + q_{1} k_{z}^{6} + q_{2} k_{z}^{4} + q_{3} k_{z}^{2} + q_{4},
\end{equation}
\noindent which is an eighth-degree polynomial with only even power of $k_z$ and real coefficients. The coefficients $q_{i}$ are functions of the system's parameters, and $q_{0} = \det\bn{\mathcal{M}}$ as expected.\cite{AJGL11} In the specific case of the Kohn-Lüttinger (KL) model Hamiltonian,\cite{LCRP06} $q_{i}$ contain the L\"uttinger semi-empirical valance-band parameters and the components of in-plane quasi-wave vector $\kappa_{\textsc t}$.

Based on our \textmd{procedure} \cite{AJGL11}, it is straightforward to follow whereas $k_{z}$ is oscillatory or not  {by dealing with} (\ref{eq:Polinom}), and thereby the kind of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ the holes interplay with. We will refer to \emph{root-locus-like} terminology from now on throughout the paper, whenever we proceed to invoke a complex-plane dependence, for the QEP (\ref{eq:QEP}) eigenvalues evolution as the valence-band mixing parameter changes. To our knowledge, just few pure theoretical or numerical applications of the \emph{root-locus-like} technique, particularly for the QEP scenario, had been previously addressed to explicitly describe several standard $III-V$ semiconductor compounds \cite{AJGL11,JALG13}. We get motivated  {by the advantages of the \emph{root-locus-like} technique in solid state physics \cite{AJGL11,JALG13}, and try to foretell here}, new features of the particle-scatterer interaction  {in the presence of valence-band mixing and strain}. For some high specialized zinc-blenda and wurtzite systems, current knowledge of the  {hole} quantum transport mechanism, is far to be profound. The present theoretical contribution, claim to spread light on that issue. Mainly, we think here in readers that may be interested more on the way the effective valence-band offset metamorphosis with band mixing and strain, could influence on their day-to-day applications, rather than getting involved with the very details of the theoretical model itself, only. Owing to that concern, we propose a simple and comprehensive modelling procedure for $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ to deal with, and a \textit{gedanken}-like simulation for a passage of mixed holes throughout strained-free and strained layered heterostructures is exercised.

An effective potential, is found useful to describe valence-band mixing in the EFA.\cite{Foreman07} In the case envisioned here, to determine the operator $\widehat{\bn{W}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for the effective \emph{band offset} potential, suffices to use the Kohn-L\"uttinger (KL) model Hamiltonian,\cite{LCRP06} considering the transverse quasi-momentum $\vec{\kappa}_{\mbox{\tiny T}} = k_{x}\widehat{e}_{x} + k_{y}\widehat{e}_{y}$, because this is the direction of the Brillouin Zone where is described the present KL Hamiltonian. We assume understood any modification of the selected Brillouin Zone direction, as a change in the model Hamiltonian to use. The system's quantal heterogeneity is considered along $z$ axis, taken perpendicular to the heterostructure interfaces [see Fig. \ref{F1-2Dn}(b)]. The operator $\widehat{\bn{W}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$, is nothing but somewhat arbitrary convention, valid as long as one get holds of all  {configuration functionals},  {such as} potential-like energy terms from the original Hamiltonian operator, which are $z$-component momentum free.\cite{Milanovic82,LCRP06} Then
\begin{equation}
  \label{for:Weff}
   \widehat{\bn{W}}_{\mathrm{eff}} =
    \left(
    \begin{array}{cccc}

      W_{11} & W_{12} & 0 & 0 \\
      W_{12}^{*} &  W_{22} & 0 & 0 \\
      0 & 0 &  W_{22} & W_{12} \\
      0 & 0 & W_{12}^{*} & W_{11}
     \end{array}
     \right)

  \end{equation}
\noindent is suitable for going through a standard calculation
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:Veff}
  \left[\widehat{\bn{W}}_{\mathrm{eff}} - V_{\mathrm{eff}}\bn{I}_{4}\right]\bn{\Psi}(z) = \bn{O}_{4},
\end{equation}
\noindent leading us to the effective potential \emph{band offset} $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, ``\emph{felt}" in some sense, by holes during their passage trough the heterostructure, as $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ changes.

We introduced $W_{11(22)} = A_{1(2)}\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}^{2} + V(z)$ and $W_{12} = \frac{\hbar^{2}\sqrt{3}}{2\,m_{0}}\left(\gamma_{2}(k_{y}^{2}-k_{x}^{2}) + 2i\gamma_{3}k_{x}k_{y}\right)$, with $\gamma_{i}$ the L\"uttinger parameters, and $m_{0}$ the bare electron mass. The $\vec{\kappa}_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ components $k_{x,y}$, are set in-plane respect to the heterostructure interfaces. In (\ref{eq:Veff}) $\bn{\Psi}(z)$ is a multi-component envelope function. Though moderately rough, assertion (\ref{for:Weff}) represents a reliable-accuracy approximation to the $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, {whose modifications }we are interesting in. Let us consider a periodic three-layer [$A$-cladding left ($L$) layer /$B$ middle ($M$) layer/ $A$-cladding right ($R$) layer] heterostructure, in the absence of external fields or strains. In the bulk cladding layers, \emph{hh} and \emph{lh} modes mix due to the $\bn{k}\cdot\bn{p}$ interaction, while the middle slab represents a inhospitable medium for holes.  At zero valence-band mixing, one has
\begin{eqnarray}
  \label{for:Veff-0}
  \hspace{-6mm}\bn{V}(z) =
  \left\{
   \begin{array}{lcl}
     0 &;& \,\, z < z_{\textsc l}\\
     V_{\textsc b} - V_{\textsc a} = V_{\mathrm{eff}} &;& z_{\textsc l} < z <z_{\textsc r}\\
     0 &;& \,\, z > z_{\textsc r}
   \end{array}
   \right\}
   = \Theta V_{\mathrm{eff}},
\end{eqnarray}
\noindent being $\Theta$ a step-like function, and $V_{\textsc {a/b}}$ the potential of the cladding/middle layer.  {Due the lack of strict superlattice multiple-layered structures under study, we have neglected the spontaneous in-layer polarization field for III-nitride constituent media \cite{Ambacher02}, thus assuming a rectangular potential profile as test-run input, rather than biased one for all envisioned III-nitride slabs of the heterostructures.}

 {Strain field may rise questions on their relative effects on the electronic structure and, in particular on the valence-band structure where shape and size of the potential profile lead to stronger hybridization of the quantum states.} Lets turn now to examine the effects of the stress, in the framework of the KL model Hamiltonian. The existence of a biaxial stress applied upon the plane parallel to the heterostructure interfaces, leads to the appearance of an in-plane strain.  The effective potential operator $\widehat{\bn{W}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ (\ref{for:Weff}) in the presence of biaxial strain, can be written as \cite{Piprek03}
\begin{equation}
  \label{for:Weff-s}
   \widehat{\widetilde{\bn{W}}}_{\mathrm{eff}} = \widehat{\bn{W}}_{\mathrm{eff}} + U_{s}\bn{I}_{4},
\end{equation}
\noindent where
\begin{equation}
 \label{for:Strain}
  U_{s} = -\left\{a_{v}(2\varepsilon_{1} + \varepsilon_{3}) + b(\varepsilon_{1} - \varepsilon_{3}) \right\},
\end{equation}
\noindent is the accumulated strain energy resulting from the tensile or compressive stress acting on the crystal, when an epitaxial layer is grown on a different lattice-parameter substrate. Owing to strictness in formulation,\cite{Piprek03} we guess that a maximum-quota criterium (\ref{for:Strain}) it suffices to cover properly the aim posted in section \ref{sec:Funda}. So, being independent from $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$, a maximized $U_{s}$ was taken for granted, to evaluate if there is a real challenger strain effect respect to valence-band mixing influence  {on the metamorphosis of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$}. Here, the subscript $s$ stands for strain. In (\ref{for:Strain}) $a_{v}$/$b$ represent the Pikus-Bir deformation/break potentials, describing the influence of hydrostatic/uniaxial strain. Meanwhile $\varepsilon_{1,3}$, are the in-plane, and normal-to-plane lattice displacements, respectively. For commonly used cubic and hexagonal semiconductor compounds, we assume\cite{RMohan10,Jovanovic05}
\begin{equation}
 \label{for:Epsi-plane}
  \varepsilon_{1} = -\frac{a_{s}-a_{l}}{a_{l}}
\end{equation}
\noindent being $a_{s,l}$ the lattice parameter of the substrate and the epitaxial layer, respectively. Though no external stress is considered along the growth direction $z$, the lattice parameter is forced to change due to the Poisson effect.\cite{Jovanovic05} Hence, the normal-to-plane displacement can be cast as
\begin{equation}
 \label{for:Epsi-normal}
 \varepsilon_{3} = -\nu\, \varepsilon_{1},
\end{equation}
\noindent which remains connected to in-plane deformation $\varepsilon_{1}$ via the Poisson radio $\nu$. The last is valid for zinc blende and wurtzite materials.

By changing the material and the growth plane, the value of $\nu$ modifies. For cubic materials it reads\cite{RMohan10}
\begin{equation}
 \label{for:Poison-c}
  \nu_{cub} = \left\lbrace
       \begin{array}{l}
         2\frac{C_{12}}{C_{11}} \qquad\qquad\qquad\textrm{for growth plane:}\:(001)\\
         \\
         \frac{C_{11} + 3C_{12} - 2C_{44}}{C_{11} + C_{12} + 2C_{44}} \qquad\textrm{for growth plane:}\:(110)\\
         \\
         \frac{2\left(C_{11} + 2C_{12} - 2C_{44}\right)}{C_{11} + 2C_{12} + 4C_{44}} \qquad\textrm{for growth plane:}\:(111)
       \end{array},\right.
\end{equation}
\noindent while for the hexagonal ones we have\cite{RMohan10}
\begin{equation}
 \label{for:Poison-h}
  \nu_{hex} = \left\lbrace
       \begin{array}{l}
         2\frac{C_{13}}{C_{33}} \qquad\qquad\qquad\textrm{for growth plane:}\:(0001)\\
         \\
         \frac{C_{12}\varepsilon_{1} + C_{13}\varepsilon_{c}}{C_{11}} \qquad\textrm{for growth plane:}\:(1\bar{1}00)\\
         \\
          \frac{C_{12}\varepsilon_{1} + C_{13}\varepsilon_{c}}{C_{11}} \qquad\textrm{for growth plane:}\:(1\bar{1}02)
       \end{array}.\right.
\end{equation}
\noindent To quote the parameter $\varepsilon_{c} = \left((c_{s} - c_{l})/c_{l}\right)$, we take  $c_{s}$ for the substrate wafer,\cite{Ram-Mohan01} while $c_{l}$ is referred to the epitaxially-grown layer on buffer stratum.

\section{Discussion of results}
\label{sec:Res&Dis}

\hspace{5mm}Unless otherwise specified, the graphical simulations of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ reported here, were calculated using highly specialized $III-V$ semiconductor binary(ternary)-compound cases for both unstressed and stressed cubic and hexagonal systems.  {The present numerical simulations consider different constituent media, regardless if they can be grown.} In this section, we briefly present numerical exercises within the \emph{root-locus-like} technique, to foretell  multiband-coupled charge-carrier effects for pseudomorphically stressed $III-V$ semiconductor layered systems.

\subsection{Simulation of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ profile evolution}
\label{sec:SimDis}

On general grounds, for $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \approx 0$ the $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ \textbf{is constant} \cite{RF04,LCRP06}, while by letting grow $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$, the band mixing effects arise and $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ changes \cite{Milanovic82,RF04,LCRP06}. Some authors had declared a shift upward in energy, of the boundstates in the effective potential well as the transverse wave vector increases \cite{Ekbote99}. We are focused here to evaluate first the stress-free systems, and then the effect of a pseudomorphic strain on $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$.

\subsubsection{Unstressed $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ metamorphosis}
 \label{sec:SimDis-Free}

To gain some insight into the rather complicated influence of the band mixing parameter $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$, on the effective \emph{band offset}, we display several graphics in the present section. The central point here, is a reliable numerical simulation for the spatial distribution of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ while the valence-band mixing increases from $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \approx 0$ (uncoupled holes) to $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} = 0.1$\AA$^{-1}$ (strong hole band mixing). This purpose requires a solution of (\ref{eq:Veff}) looking for a systematic start-point theoretical treatment of highly specialized $III-V$ semiconductor binary-compound cases of interest. We have set a width of $25\,$\AA$\;$ for the external cladding-layer $L$ and $R$, while for the middle one  we have taken a thickness of $50\,$\AA.

\begin{figure}
 \centering
 \subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=75mm]{F2a-3D}}
 \subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=75mm]{F2b-3D}}
  \caption{\label{F2-3Dn} (Color online) Panel (a)/(b) displays the metamorphosis of the effective potential profile $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for \textit{lh}/\textit{hh} (red/blue lines), as a function of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$  and layer dimension for a \textsl{GaAs}/\textsl{AlAs}/\textsl{GaAs} heterostructure.}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{F2-3Dn} demonstrates that the standard  {fixed-height} rectangular distribution for $V_{z}$ (\ref{for:Veff-0}), is a consistent potential-energy trial  {of a QB} for \emph{hh} (blue lines), applicable in the wide range of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ [see panel (b)]. On the contrary, panel (a) remarks that the  {fixed-height QB}  is no longer valid for \emph{lh} (red lines), as $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ increases. Is in this very sense, when the valence-band mixing effects get rise, that become unavoidable to refer an effective \emph{band offset} for a realistic description of the interplay of the envisioned physical structure with holes. We display in panel (a), the metamorphosis of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for \emph{lh}, as a function of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$  and layer dimension for a \textsl{GaAs}/\textsl{AlAs}/\textsl{GaAs} heterostructure. Two changes are neatly observable, namely: the energy edge of both left and right cladding-layers steps up in almost $0.5$ eV, while for the middle one it remains almost constant. The last departs from the $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ evolution for \emph{hh}, where all borders move up almost rigidly [see panel (b)]. Although not shown here owing to brevity, a similar behavior was found for other middle-layer alloys (\textsl{AlSb}, \textsl{AlP}, \textsl{AlN}). Described above features, remain under modification of the in-plane direction.

An appealing situation arises, at a specific entry of the transverse momentum. An earlier detailed study on this subject, \cite{Milanovic82} had predicted the existence of such quantity $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny To}}^{2} = 2V_{o}m^{\textsc a}m^{\textsc b}\left[ \hbar^{2}\left( m^{\textsc b} - m^{\textsc a}\right)\right]$, for which $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$  becomes constant along the entire layered heterostructure. In the case envisioned here, due the presence of \emph{hh} and \emph{lh}, we have
\begin{equation}
 \label{for:Flat-Veff}
 \kappa_{\mbox{\tiny To}(hh,lh)}^{2} = \frac{2V_{o}m_{o}^{3}\hbar^{2}}{\left(\gamma_{1}^{\textsc a} \mp 2\gamma_{2}^{\textsc a}\right)\left(\gamma_{1}^{\textsc b} \mp 2\gamma_{2}^{\textsc b}\right)} \left[\frac{1}{\left(\gamma_{1}^{\textsc b} \mp 2\gamma_{2}^{\textsc b}\right)} - \frac{1}{\left(\gamma_{1}^{\textsc a} \mp 2\gamma_{2}^{\textsc a}\right)} \right],
\end{equation}
\noindent being $V_{o} = V_{\mathrm{eff}}(\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} = 0)$, and $A/B$ standing for cladding/middle layer. A direct consequence for $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ being flat at $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny To}}$ , is the existence of a crossover of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ respect to (\ref{for:Flat-Veff}). In other words, if a QW-like profile is present for $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}(hh,lh)}^{2} < \kappa_{\mbox{\tiny To}(hh,lh)}^{2}$, then a QB-like profile appears at $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}(hh,lh)}^{2} > \kappa_{\mbox{\tiny To}(hh,lh)}^{2}$, or the other way around.

\begin{figure}
\centering
  \subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=2.83in]{F6a-3D}}
  \subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=2.83in]{F6b-3D}}\\
  \subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=2.73in]{F6c-2D}}
  \subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=2.73in]{F6d-2D}}
 \caption{\label{F6-3Dn} (Color online) Panel (a)/(b) displays the $3D$-perspective evolution of the $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ profile for \emph{lh}/\emph{hh} (red/blue lines), as $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$  and layer dimension grow. Panel (c) displays a cut of the $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ profile  for \emph{lh} (red line), at the interface plane between left and middle layers, as a function of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$.  Panel (d) shows the progression of the \emph{band offset}, at the same interface for \emph{lh}, \textit{i.e.} the difference between the upper-edge and lower-edge of the $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ profile. We have considered a \textsl{InAs}/\textsl{AlSb}/\textsl{InAs} stress-free layered heterostructure.}
\end{figure}

In Figure \ref{F6-3Dn}(a) the $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ valence-band mixing dependence, exhibits a neatly {permutation} of  {the} $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$  {character} as the one predicted for electrons \cite{Milanovic82}. This  {permutation} pattern  {is what we call as} ``\emph{keyboard}" effect, {and} was detected for \emph{lh} only  {in stress-free systems}. This strike  {interchange of roles for QB-like} {and QW-like layers}, whenever the in-plane kinetic energy, varies from low to large intensity, represents the most striking contribution of the present study. For a single-band-electron Schr\"{o}dinger problem, some authors had predicted that both QW and QB may appears in the embedded layers of a semiconductor superlattice, depending on the transverse-component value of the wave vector.\cite{Milanovic82} Recently had been unambiguously demonstrated, that the effective-\emph{band offset} energy $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, ``\emph{felt}'' by the two flavors of holes, as  $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ grows, is not the same. Inspired on these earlier results, we had addressed a wider analysis of this appealing topic, displayed in Figure \ref{F6-3Dn}, pursuing a more detailed insight. We have considered a \textsl{InAs}/\textsl{AlSb}/\textsl{InAs} heterostructure. Panel (a)/(b) of Figure \ref{F6-3Dn} shows explicitly the metamorphosis of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, felt for both flavors of holes independently, respect to concomitant-material slabs. From panels (a) and (b), it is straightforward to see, that for \emph{hh} (blue lines), an almost constant $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ remains, while $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ varies from $0$ (uncoupled holes) to $0.1$\AA$^{-1}$ (strong hole band mixing), despite the respective band-edge levels had changed. At variance with the opposite for \textit{hh} [blue lines, panel (b)], the \emph{lh} exclusively [red lines, panel (a)] exhibit the  {\emph{keyboard} effect},  {\textit{i. e.} they} feel an effective \emph{band offset} exchanging from a QW-like into a QB-like one, and viceversa for an \textsl{InAs}/\textsl{AlSb}/\textsl{InAs} heterostructure, while $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ increases. The {evident \emph{keyboard} effect} of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, resembles a former prediction for electrons \cite{Milanovic82}. This observation means, that in the selected rank of parameters for a given binary-compound materials, a \textit{lh} might ``\emph{felt}'' a qualitative different $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ (QW or QB), during its passage through a layered system, while it is varying the degree of freedom in the transverse plane. Former assertions can be readily observed in Figure \ref{F6-3Dn}(c)-(d), were we had plotted the evolution of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ profile [panel (c)], as well as  the progression of the \emph{band offset} [panel (d)], with $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ at a fixed transverse plane of the heterostructure. Both upper-edge and lower-edge move in opposite directions [see panel (c)] and the zero-\emph{band offset} point configuration is detected in the vicinity of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \approx 0.066$\AA$^{-1}$ [see panel (d)]. The  {permutation} holds for other in-plane directions, as can be seen from panel (c). Although not shown here for simplicity, the \emph{keyboard} effect, remains robust for other middle-layer binary compounds, namely: \textsl{AlAs}, \textsl{AlP}, and \textsl{AlN}.

\subsubsection{{Keyboard} effect \texttt{\textit{versus}} pseudomorphic strain.}
 \label{sec:SimDis-Stress}

Turning now to built-in elastic stressed layered heterostructures, we are interested to answer a simple question: wether or not the existence of a pseudomorphic strain becomes  {a weak or a strong} competitor mechanism, able  {sometimes just} to diminish the \emph{keyboard} effect on $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, or even {make it rises/vanishes} occasionally. Thereby, we need to account the accumulated strain energy resulting from the tensile or compressive stress acting on the  crystal slabs. The last requires to solve (\ref{for:Weff-s}), presuming the heterostructure sandwiched into a pseudomorphically strained QW/QB/QW-sequence.

\begin{figure}
\centering
  \subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=2.83in]{F7a-3D}}
  \subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=2.83in]{F7b-3D}}
 \caption{\label{F7-3D} (Color online) Panel (a) displays the $3D$-perspective evolution of the stress-free $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ profile for \emph{lh} as $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$  and layer dimension grow. Panel (b) shows the same for a \textsl{InSb}:\textsl{InSb}/\textsl{AlN}/\textsl{InSb} strained layered heterostructure.}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{F7-3D} is devoted to demonstrate that the \emph{keyboard} pattern for \emph{lh} remains robust in a \textsl{InSb}:\textsl{InSb}/\textsl{AlN}/\textsl{InSb} pseudomorphically strained layered heterostructure [see panel (b)], respect to that of the stress-free system [see panel (a)]. In this case, we conclude that maximized $U_{s}$ (\ref{for:Strain}) do not represent any antagonist  {mechanism} regarding to valence-band mixing influence on $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$.

\subsection{Influence of the pseudomorphic strain on $k_{z}$-spectrum}

 The QEP $k_{z}$-spectrum  {is a meaningful},  {and well-founded physical quantity}  {that can be} obtained \textit{via }the \emph{root-locus-like} procedure \cite{AJGL11} by unfolding back in the complex plane the dispersion-curve values for bulk materials, determined by stress-induced effects on the stress-free heterostructure.  {Thus, we take advantage of the \emph{root-locus-like} know-how, to promptly}  {identify evanescent modes, keeping in mind that complex (or pure imaginary) solutions are forbidden}  {for some layers and represent unstable solutions underlining the lack of hospitality of these slabs for oscillating modes}.  {The opposite examination is straightforward and also suitable for propagating modes, which become equated with stable solutions for given layers}.

 {To obtain the QEP $k_{z}$-spectrum in a periodic pseudomorphically}  {strained heterostructures of QB-acting/QW-acting/QB-acting materials, we first use (\ref{for:Weff-s}) and substitute it in (\ref{for:Weff}). Next, we solve again the characteristic problem (\ref{eq:Veff}), whose eigenvalues allow us to obtain the new expression for the QEP-matrix $\bn{\mathcal{K}}$, and then finally consequently solve (\ref{eq:QEP}) for $k_z$.} Once we have quoted the eigenvalues $k_{z}$ of (\ref{eq:Polinom}), it is then straightforward to generate a plot in the complex plane, symbolizing the {locations} of $k_{z}$ values that rise as a band mixing parameter $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ changes. Keeping in mind that complex (or pure imaginary)/real solutions of (\ref{eq:Polinom}) represent forbidden/allowed modes, we take advantage of the \emph{root-locus-like} map to identify evanescent/propagating modes for a given layer. Thus, we are able ``to stamp'' on a $2D$-map language, a frequency-domain analysis of the envisioned heterostructure under a quantum-transport problem. This way, we are presenting an unfamiliar methodology in the context of quantum solid state physics, to deal with low-dimensional physical phenomenology.

\begin{figure}
\subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=3in]{F13a-2D}}
\subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=3in]{F13b-2D}}
\caption{\label{F13-2Dn}(Color online) Root locus for the eigenvalues $k_{z}$ from QEP (\ref{eq:Polinom}), as a function of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ for strained \textsl{AlSb}(substrate)/\textsl{GaP} (epitaxial layer). We had assumed $E=0.6$ eV, and in-plane directions [10]/[01] for panel (a)/(b).}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=3in]{F14a-2D}}
\subfigure[]{\includegraphics[width=3in]{F14b-2D}}
\caption{\label{F14-2Dn}(Color online) Root locus for the eigenvalues $k_{z}$ from QEP (\ref{eq:Polinom}), as a function of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ for strained \textsl{InAs}(substrate)/\textsl{GaP} (epitaxial layer). We had assumed $E=0.45$ eV, , and in-plane directions [10]/[01] for panel (a)/(b).}
\end{figure}

The Figure \ref{F13-2Dn} and Figure \ref{F14-2Dn}, illustrate the role of band mixing for $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \left[10^{-6}, 10^{-1}\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$, on the $k_z$ spectrum from QEP (\ref{eq:Polinom}), for a $III-V$ strained alloy, clearly distinguished as QW in most layered systems with technological interest. Importantly, by assuming two different substrates $AlSb$ (Fig.\ref{F13-2Dn}) and $InAs$ (Fig.\ref{F14-2Dn}), we found different patterns of the $k_{z}$ spectrum for $lh$ and $hh$. Namely for the $[10]$ in-plane direction, the  $k_{z}$ \emph{root-locus-like} evolution is real for $lh$, in the range of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[10^{-6},0.049 \right]$ \AA$^{-1}$ and $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[0623, 0.0708\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$, while in the intervals $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[0.049, 0.0623\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$ and $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[0.0708, 0.1\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$, $k_{z}$ becomes pure imaginary and complex, respectively [see Fig.\ref{F13-2Dn}(a), inner green-red solid lines]. On the other hand, the  $k_{z}$ \emph{root-locus-like} shows real values for $hh$, in the interval $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[10^{-6}, 0.0708\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$ and is complex, when $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}\in \left[0.0708, 0.1\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$ [see Fig.\ref{F13-2Dn}(a) outer blue solid lines]. Worthwhile stress that $hh$ and $lh$ curves, are undistinguishable in this last interval. Although not shown here, the $[01]$ in-plane direction exhibits the same behavior. The Fig.\ref{F13-2Dn}(b), displays the QEP (\ref{eq:Polinom} spectrum along the $[11]$ in-plane direction. For $lh$ only, $k_{z}$ \emph{root-locus-like} evolution starts as a real number in the range $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[10^{-6}, 0.0363\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$, and becomes pure imaginary for $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[0.0363, 0.1\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$. The $k_{z}$ spectrum for $hh$ it is always a real number in the whole selected interval $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[10^{-6}, 0.1\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$. Panel (a) of Fig.\ref{F14-2Dn} describes in-plane direction $[10]$, and for analogy the $[01]$ --although not depicted for brevity--, with the band mixing. For both $lh$ and $hh$, the $k_{z}$ evolution starts as a pure imaginary number  in the range $\kappa_{\textsc t} \in \left[10^{-6}, 0.01\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$, and become a complex number in the interval $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[0.01, 0.1\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$. In this gap the $hh$ and $lh$ are indistinguishable, as their $k_{z}$ magnitude is the same. Meanwhile, the panel (b) of Fig.\ref{F14-2Dn} demonstrates that for the $[11]$ in-plane direction, the $k_{z}$ values are mostly complex or pure imaginary, except in the small interval of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[0.097,0.1\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$, where they are real. None real entries of $k_{z}$ for $hh$, were found as $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}}$ changes within the bounds $\left[0.01, 0.1\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$. The $hh$ and $lh$ curves are indistinguishable in the range of $\kappa_{\mbox{\tiny T}} \in \left[0.0133,0.075\right]$ \AA$^{-1}$. After this detailed description, several features deserve close attention. In short: the $[10]$ and $[01]$ in-plane directions, show an isotropic behavior, for each selected substrate. The real-value domains of the \emph{root-locus-like} map of $k_{z}$, means that the $GaP$ strained-layer recovers his standard QW-behavior for both $hh$ and $lh$ quasi-particles, regarding the stress-free configuration. On the opposite, whenever real-value map fades, \textit{i.e.} complex or pure imaginary magnitudes arise, none oscillating modes can propagate through an $InAs:GaP$ strained slabs. In this last case, the $GaP$ might turns into an effective QB, for traveling holes.

\section{\label{sec:Conclu}Conclusions}

We present an alternative procedure to simulate graphically, the phenomenon of the transverse degree of freedom  {influence on} the effective scattering potential. For low-intensity valence-band mixing regime, a  {fixed-height} rectangular distribution of the potential-energy, is a good trial as a standard reference frame, for a theoretical treatment involving both flavors of holes under study. However this assertion is no longer valid, whenever the mixing effects reveal. At variance with the opposite for \emph{hh}, the \emph{lh} exclusively,  {experience the strike \emph{keyboard} effect and permutations of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$}  {in stress-free systems}.
 Our results provide an unambiguous demonstration for the apparent robustness of the  {fixed-height} flat $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ as test run input whenever pure $hh$ and $lh$, are mixed. Pseudomorphic strain is able to diminish the \emph{keyboard} effect on $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and also makes it emerge or even vanish eventually. We conclude that the multiband-mixing effects modulated by stress induced events,  {are competitors mechanisms} that can not be universally neglected by assuming a { fixed-height rectangular spatial} distribution for {fixed-character} potential energy,  {as a reliable test-run input for semiconducting heterostructures}. {Present modelling of $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ evolution, may be a reliable workbench for testing other configurations, besides our results may be of relevance for promising heterostructure's design guided by valence-band structure modeling to enhance the hole mobility in III-V semiconducting materials provided they always lagged compared to II-IV media \cite{Nainani11}.}

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was developed under support of DINV, UIA, M\'{e}xico. One of the authors (L.D-C) is grateful to the Visiting Academic Program of the UIA, M\'{e}xico.

\section*{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
package com.google.api.tools.framework.aspects.http;

import com.google.api.tools.framework.aspects.http.model.HttpAttribute.FieldSegment;
import com.google.api.tools.framework.aspects.http.model.HttpAttribute.LiteralSegment;
import com.google.api.tools.framework.aspects.http.model.HttpAttribute.PathSegment;
import com.google.api.tools.framework.aspects.http.model.HttpAttribute.WildcardSegment;
import com.google.api.tools.framework.model.Diag;
import com.google.api.tools.framework.model.DiagCollector;
import com.google.api.tools.framework.model.Location;
import com.google.common.collect.FluentIterable;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/** HTTP path template parser. */
public class HttpTemplateParser {

  private static final Pattern LITERAL_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("[^/*}{=]+");
  private static final Pattern TOKEN_PATTERN =
      Pattern.compile(String.format("%s|[/*}{=]", LITERAL_PATTERN));
  private static final Pattern CUSTOM_VERB_PATTERN =
      Pattern.compile(String.format("(?<!/)/?:(%s)$", LITERAL_PATTERN));
  private static final Pattern CUSTOM_VERB_PATTERN_ILLEGAL =
      Pattern.compile(String.format("/:(%s)$", LITERAL_PATTERN));

  private final DiagCollector diagCollector;
  private final Location location;
  private final String template;
  private final String customVerb;
  private final Matcher tokens;
  private String current;
  private String prev;
  private boolean pathStartedWithSlash;
  private boolean hadErrors;
  private int configVersion;

  /**
   * Constructs a template parser. Errors are reported to the diag collector at the given location.
   */
  public HttpTemplateParser(
      DiagCollector diagCollector, Location location, String template, int configVersion) {
    this.diagCollector = diagCollector;
    this.location = location;
    this.template = template;
    this.configVersion = configVersion;
    Matcher matcher = CUSTOM_VERB_PATTERN.matcher(template);
    if (matcher.find()) {
      this.customVerb = matcher.group(1);
      this.tokens = TOKEN_PATTERN.matcher(template.substring(0, matcher.start()));
    } else {
      this.customVerb = null;
      this.tokens = TOKEN_PATTERN.matcher(template);
    }
    this.current = tokens.find() ? tokens.group().trim() : null;
  }

  /** Runs the parser. */
  public ImmutableList<PathSegment> parse() {
    if ("/".equals(template)) {
      /*
       * Other toolchain methods assume that we have at least one segment. For the path "/", we
       * have one segment that is effectively empty, "".
       */
      return ImmutableList.<PathSegment>of(new LiteralSegment(""));
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    if (!pathStartedWithSlash) {
      addError("effective path must start with leading '/'.");
    }
    if (current != null) {
      addError("unrecognized input at '%s'.", current);
    }
    if (configVersion > 0 && CUSTOM_VERB_PATTERN_ILLEGAL.matcher(template).find()) {
      addWarning("Token '/:' before a custom verb is not currently supported.");
    }
    if (hadErrors) {
      return null;
    } else if (customVerb != null) {
      return FluentIterable.from(path).append(new LiteralSegment(customVerb, true)).toList();
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    return path;
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  private ImmutableList<PathSegment> parse(boolean firstSegment, boolean subPath) {
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        pathStartedWithSlash = true;
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        addError("leading '/' only allowed for first segment of path.");
      }
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    ImmutableList.Builder<PathSegment> segments = ImmutableList.builder();
    while (true) {
      String token = getCurrentAndShift();
      if (token == null) {
        break;
      }
      switch (token) {
        case "*":
          if (lookingAt("*")) {
            getCurrentAndShift();
            segments.add(new WildcardSegment(true));
          } else {
            segments.add(new WildcardSegment(false));
          }
          break;
        case "{":
          segments.add(parseField(firstSegment, subPath));
          break;
        default:
          segments.add(new LiteralSegment(token));
          break;
      }
      // No longer processing the first segment.
      firstSegment = false;

      if (lookingAt("/")) {
        getCurrentAndShift();
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }
    return segments.build();
  }

  private FieldSegment parseField(boolean firstSegment, boolean subPath) {
    String fieldPath = getCurrentAndShift();
    if (lookingAt("=")) {
      getCurrentAndShift();
      if (subPath) {
        addError("cannot have fields in nested paths.");
      }
      ImmutableList<PathSegment> segments = parse(firstSegment, true);
      expectAndShift("}");
      return new FieldSegment(fieldPath, segments);
    } else {
      expectAndShift("}");
      return new FieldSegment(fieldPath, ImmutableList.<PathSegment>of());
    }
  }

  private boolean lookingAt(String token) {
    return token.equals(current);
  }

  private String getCurrentAndShift() {
    if (current == null) {
      addError(String.format("unexpected end of input '%s'.", prev == null ? "" : prev));
    }
    prev = current;
    current = tokens.find() ? tokens.group().trim() : null;
    return prev;
  }

  private void expectAndShift(String token) {
    if (!lookingAt(token)) {
      addError(
          "expected '%s', looking at %s.",
          token, current == null ? "end of input" : "'" + current + "'");
    } else {
      getCurrentAndShift();
    }
  }

  private void addWarning(String message, Object... params) {
    diagCollector.addDiag(
        Diag.warning(location, "In path template '" + template + "': " + message, params));
  }

  private void addError(String message, Object... params) {
    diagCollector.addDiag(
        Diag.error(location, "In path template '" + template + "': " + message, params));
    hadErrors = true;
  }
}


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text:
Label: Def Soul
While nothing on here is exactly revolutionary, little fails to satisfy. Tracks "Addicted" and "Sex with My Ex" pine for the panty-snatching, party-starting bluster of R. Kelly, but it's the quieter, more modest songs that allow Ne-Yo to steal home. "Leaving Tonight," his duet with Jennifer Hudson, is cast over lonesome organ swirls and is as close to sublime as modern R&B is allowed to get, while lead-off single "Because of You" is predictable but nevertheless fantastic. Ne-Yo's boyish voice is utterly addictive.
Sam Chennault
Crazy featuring JAY-Z
Can We Chill
Leaving Tonight featuring Jennifer Hudson
Ain't Thinking About You
Sex With My Ex
Latest albums by Ne-Yo
GOOD MAN (Deluxe)
The Apprenticeship of Mr. Smith The Birth of Ne-Yo
Non-Fiction (Deluxe)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Grays and Torreys, Dillon Reservoir. Photo credit Greg Hobbs.
Officials from CDPHE and the Environmental Protection Agency decided to move a hearing on the proposal from December 12 to November 2019, citing the need for further study of the proposed limit increase on humans and the environment.
Summit County officials, while welcoming the public health's delay in making a decision, are standing together against the proposal to allow more molybdenum in Summit's waterways.
A group of local stakeholders issued a joint statement opposing the increase before Wednesday's hearing. Representatives from the Town of Frisco, Copper Mountain Consolidated Metropolitan District, Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, and several other local government bodies stated that Climax's proposal carried "unacceptable levels of uncertainty and risk" to human and animal health.
Lane Wyatt, co-director of the NCCG's Water Quality/Quantity Committee, has been advising local leaders on the molybdenum issue. Wyatt believes the state is prudent in delaying its decision and welcomes Climax's attempts to be transparent.
However, Wyatt says the initial research done by independent experts have already shown that high concentrations of molybdenum pose increased risks to human health, and that is enough to consider the molybdenum increase a non-starter.
Additionally, he sees Climax's effort to get the state's approval on increased molybdenum levels as a small foothold for its bigger ambitions to export molybdenum to other places, such as the European Union with its stricter environmental standards.
Before the November 2019 hearing, the department of public heath's water quality commission will hold other limited-scope hearings. One such hearing will take place on January 8 on whether to extend a site-specific temporary modification. The NCCG says it welcomes comments regarding molybdenum, and the public may do so by email at cdphe.wqcc@state.co.us. The commission is requesting all public input by Wednesday, Dec. 27.
Jumbo Mine Cabin in-front of Adit September 25, 2017. Photo credit Environmental Protection Agency.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is taking immediate action to perform mine cleanup activities at the Jumbo Mine in Summit County's Peru Creek Basin, approximately seven miles east of Keystone Resort.
Jumbo Mine looking up at channel liner installation from lower middle section of waste rock pile. Photo credit Environmental Protection Agency.
Efforts continue throughout Colorado with implementation of the one-year-old state water plan, and Summit County is trying to do its part.
The Blue River itself acts as a source for drinking water and agricultural irrigation to Summit's 29,000 year-round population, not to mention the countless visitors who spend time on the water body each year for recreation. Projections suggest the local population will increase by at least 5 percent over the next decade, meaning the need to conserve and discover additional efficiencies is one of the more painless ways to get ready for the additional ask.
The statewide plan calls for 400,000 acre-feet of new storage and that same total in conservation from urban areas. An acre-foot is the U.S. standard measurement for water bodies and equates to about 326,000 gallons. Sharing 50,000 acre-feet of water possessed by agriculture based on senior rights through alternative methods is another facet of the state plan.
Thus far, the execution of much of the lofty benchmarks has been sluggish, in part due to a lack of funding. It's why obtaining dollars from the state for such municipal projects is so important. Not only does it provide capital at present while the research is done, but the initial approval also offers eligibility for future grants and loans. Without an CWCB-endorsed efficiency plan in place, funds are otherwise not available.
Mimicking a model previously created by the Roaring Fork Valley, Summit's Blue River planning enterprise is backed by Breckenridge, Frisco, Copper Mountain Metro, Dillon, Silverthorne, as well as Summit County government — "So we all have a little skin in the game, so to speak," said Burley — with the primary objective of reducing water consumption by a measurable amount in the next few years. The consortium anticipates a 14-month investigation and review process, followed by some potential actionable items, such as leak detection and repairs, education and outdoor watering mandates, as soon as a year after that.
If it's to be successful, putting the ambitious state plan into practice will ultimately fall more on the shoulders of each local community and watershed, he added, rather than through commands dictated at the state level. And that's a summons Summit County leadership recognizes and is attempting to embrace one year later.
Many, including a wide array of environmental and conservation groups endorse the new plan, citing a balanced safeguarding of the state's $9 billion outdoors and recreation economy with its robust agricultural industries as well as the wildlife that call Colorado's waterways home. They say it helps lay out Colorado's environmental and outdoor values, and the timing is key.
"It's very crucial in this moment, because it's the best narrative of what is going on," said Jim Pokrandt of the Colorado River District, a public water policy agency in charge of protecting the Colorado River Basin. "Water is something people take so for granted until you go to your spigot and it doesn't come out.
Pokrandt, also the chair of the Colorado Basin Roundtable and f0rmer Summit Daily editor, used the swelling weekend traffic of the I-70 mountain corridor as an analogy for this story of the West and how, similarly, increased measures will be necessary to help counterbalance an already stressed system. The state's water network, he said, needs the liquid equivalent of traffic metering, a toll road and extra lanes bored through Veterans Memorial Tunnels, to negate the effects of earlier decisions like water-centric Kentucky bluegrass across the state's suburban neighborhoods.
The mountain communities have consistency voiced concern over additional trans-mountain diversions, taking more of that melted snowpack downstream to the state's largest population zones, such as Denver, Aurora and Colorado Springs, that demand and require it. Before the final water plan was announced, a community group calling themselves the Citizens for Western Slope Water submitted a petition to Gov. Hickerlooper with almost 15,000 signatures against any new diversions from the headwaters. Fears of doing so consist of more negative environmental impact due to the rivers being tapped further, which could affect the rafting and fishing industries, in addition to producing more strain on local farmers and ranchers.
Colorado was one of the last Western states to adopt a water plan. Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Texas and California all have one. Because Colorado's individual municipalities are the ones that make decisions as to who gets water and how much, rather than the state itself, there is some question as to whether Colorado even needed one.
Proponents call the water plan historic in its deployment, even if at this stage, it provides no big solutions and produces little more than a suggested course of action that requires prolonged implementation of its guidelines. Few argue with the intent of the policy, however, in its attempts to solidify local awareness as well extend the conversation about Western water for decades to come — a move which even the plan's harshest critics can agree upon.
About 8 miles east of Keystone and a couple of miles south of the 14,000-foot-plus Grays and Torreys peaks, the abandoned Pennsylvania Mine is considered the worst mine in the state. The mine adds toxic heavy metal concentrations and acidifies water flowing into the Peru Creek, a tributary of the Snake River, which feeds Dillon Reservoir.
A three-year, $3 million cleanup project aims to stop that pollution. The project could serve as a model for future mine reclamation efforts around the state, said Paul Peronard, on-scene coordinator for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The collaborative effort is currently under budget and ahead of schedule, he said, even with the added cost of helping Summit County fix the part of Montezuma Road that washed away in early June.
"This is very much a huge partnership," said Jeff Graves, senior project manager with the Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety.
For decades, government agencies and other interested parties faced issues of liability and funding when trying to tackle the mine's cleanup.
This year the state is working to place one of two bulkheads, or giant concrete plugs, about 500 feet inside the mine. The bulkheads will block water from leaving through one large entry and stop water from flowing freely through the mine, Graves said.
More Blue River watershed coverage here.
The Colorado River System Conservation program is an effort to address a long-term imbalance on the Colorado River caused by years of drought and water demands that exceed supply.
Denver Water, Central Arizona Project, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and Southern Nevada Water Authority each contributed $2 million and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation pitched in $3 million to create an $11 million fund for Colorado River water conservation pilot projects.
"Summit County has a huge stake in this with Denver Water," said Jim Lochhead, Denver Water CEO.
The county is a headwaters community for the Colorado River, and Lochhead said Summit shares a common interest with the utility in water conservation and in meeting collective obligations to the people and ecosystems down river.
That has a host of consequences for communities up river from the lake, including increased energy bills due to less productive hydroelectric power plants, reduced agricultural output, diminished snowmaking capabilities at ski resorts, water quality issues and loss of funding for protections under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973.
Summit County especially would see the effects in Dillon Reservoir, which Denver Water constructed in 1963 to supply its customers in the Denver metro area.
The program's pilot projects will include residential and industrial water conservation programs and in the agricultural sector, something called "temporary compensated borrowing," which Lochhead said would pay farmers not to irrigate or to irrigate less than they were.
The pilot projects are in the planning stages but should start next year, he said, and the two-year program will fund them into 2016. Successful ideas could then be expanded or extended.
To ensure that local concerns are addressed and that there is equity and fairness among all parties, the Bureau of Reclamation will manage the conservation actions in the Lower Colorado River Basin states of Arizona, California and Nevada in a manner consistent with past programs. In the Upper Basin, the states of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming and the Upper Colorado River Commission will have a direct role in program efforts.
Denver Water plans to do a broad outreach program and partner with agricultural and environmental groups, Lochhead said.
After back to back drought years, Dillon Reservoir is about nine to ten feet below average for this time of year. That's where the interests of Denver Water and the town of Frisco play out.
Dillon is both the largest reservoir in the Denver Water system and a major economic driver for Frisco. During the summer, the marina provides a substantial boost to Frisco's economy, accounting for a third of the town's tourism.
A stylized sailboat adorns each street sign in downtown Frisco. It's a relationship that's part of their identity; a sail boat is etched on the town logo.
The issue? Frisco doesn't own any of the water they rely on so much. It belongs to Denver Water and the on-going demands of Front Range water users.
More Blue River Watershed coverage here and here.


text:
Cinq navires de la Royal Navy ont porté le nom de HMS Flora :
 le , un vaisseau de ligne de cinquième rang de 32 canons lancé en 1756 sous le nom de Vestale et capturé en 1761 par le .
 le , un vaisseau de ligne de cinquième rang de 36 canons lancé en 1780 et échoué en 1809 ;
 le , un vaisseau de ligne de cinquième rang de 44 canons lancé en 1844 et vendu en 1891 ;
 le , un croiseur de classe Astraea lancé en 1893, renommé TS Indus II en 1915 et vendu en 1922 ;
 le , une canonnière de classe Ant lancée en 1879 sous le nom de , renommé  en 1923 puis  en 1933 et vendue en 1937.

Flora

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti gli Orange County Stunners nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 2020.

Stagione
Gli Orange County Stunners partecipano allo NVA Showcase venendo sconfitti nella finale del torneo, tenutosi in seguito alla cancellazione del torneo NVA a causa della pandemia di COVID-19 negli Stati Uniti d'America.

Organigramma societario

Area direttiva
Presidente: ?

Area tecnica
Allenatore: Kirk Francis

Rosa

Mercato

Risultati

Statistiche

Statistiche di squadra

G = partite giocate; V = partite vinte; P = partite perse

Statistiche dei giocatori

Note

Collegamenti esterni

2020
Orange County Stunners


Auto repair guides clarify the constant maintenance, repair, as well as cleaning associated with auto materials. They are instructions meant for home users in addition to experts. Nowadays, these are available in electronic versions, and you will find numerous software programs open to identify and connect automotive problems.
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To read more about car diagnostic tool site: here.


Pershing Square's Bill Ackman appeared on Bloomberg Television for an hour today from the Robin Hood Investors Conference in New York, telling Bloomberg TV's Stephanie Ruhle that he'll take his Herbalife bet "to the end of the earth" even as he has lost $400-$500 million on the investment. He also said that Herbalife longs are all 80-year old billionaires. Carl Icahn responded to Ackman in a conversation with Bloomberg TV's Trish Regan, saying: "I fail to understand how Bill Ackman, whom I haven't spoken to for years, nor do I intend to speak to, would know what I am or am not committed to. I continue to believe Herbalife has a great future, and in my opinion many of the things Ackman says about it are simply the rantings of a sore loser…Interestingly there is something that Ackman and I have in common. Ackman complained at an Oxford conference that every time I went on TV and mentioned Herbalife, the stock went up a few points. Well, that's also true of him."


text:
Home / Component / APU / AMD begins to sell 'Kaveri' accelerated processing units
AMD begins to sell 'Kaveri' accelerated processing units
Anton Shilov January 14, 2014 APU
Advanced Micro Devices on Tuesday officially began sales of its highly-anticipated A-series accelerated processing units (APUs) code-named "Kaveri". The new chip features a pack of AMD's latest technologies and are expected to show high performance in applications that can take maximum advantage of its heterogeneous system architecture (HSA).
Starting today, AMD and its partners officially sell A10-7850K and A10-7700K APUs based on the code-named "Kaveri" design. Both chips are very similar: they feature two dual-core Steamroller modules (four cores in total), 4MB level two cache (1MB cache per x86 core), AMD Radeon R7 graphics engine with eight GCN compute units (512/384 stream processors in total for A10-7850K and A10-7700K, respectively) operating at 720MHz, dual-channel DDR3 memory controller with hUMA [heterogeneous unified memory architecture] technology, 95W thermal design power and so on.
The main difference between the two chips is their clock-speed for x86 cores: 3.70GHz/4.0GHz (default/maximum Turbo Core clock-rate) for A10-7850K and 3.50GHz/3.80GHz (default/maximum Turbo Core clock-rate) for 7700K. Both chips feature FM2+ form-factor and are drop-in compatible with the latest mainboards featuring such socket from leading manufacturers. As usually, "K" versions of AMD microprocessors feature unlocked multipliers and are better suited for overclocking.
Thanks to the fact that AMD's "Kaveri" features HSA technology, heterogeneous unified memory architecture (hUMA) and heterogeneous queuing (hQ), software applications can use both x86 and graphics compute cores at the same time and very efficiently. According to AMD, its Kaveri APUs can run up to 12 separate processes simultaneously thanks to the fact that it has twelve compute cores. Besides, the new APUs supports AMD's latest technologies, such as Mantle, TrueAudio and so on that will improve performance and quality in select video games. Finally, AMD "Kaveri" comes with improved second-generation VCE and fourth-generation UVD [unified video decoder] units that improve quality of video playback and add encoding to new formats (to support 60GHz wireless displays, for example).
The latest APU from Advanced Micro Devices are made using 28nm SHP [super high performance] process technology at GlobalFoundries, which AMD calls "APU optimized". The manufacturing process, which is tailored for high transistor density, let AMD integrate 2.41 billion of transistors into a 245mm2 Kaveri die, which is 85% higher transistor budget than that of previous-generation Trinity/Richland APUs (246mm2, 1.303 billion transistors, 32nm SOI). The undesirable effect of increased transistor density is a drop of Steamroller cores' frequency, which has a negative impact on performance in traditional (non HSA-optimised) applications. The Sunnyvale, California-based chip designer hopes that lower clock-rates of the code-named "Kaveri" compared to predecessors will be offset by up to 20% higher IPC [instructions per clock] performance of the Steamroller micro-architecture (vs. previous-generation x86 technology from the company).
According to AMD's internal performance tests, the new AMD A10-7850K "Kaveri" accelerated processing unit is 24% – 87% faster compared to Intel Core i5-4670K in synthetic applications like 3DMark or PCMark. This, however, does not mean that the new chip will be faster in real-world tasks.
AMD official price of the A10-7850K is $173 (£105), whereas the official price of A10-7700K is $152 (£92.5). Large system makers usually get their parts with significant discounts. PCs featuring the new chips are available now.
Other versions of AMD "Kaveri" APU, including those for laptops, ultra-thin notebooks, low-power desktops and even servers will be available later this year.
KitGuru Says: Potentially, AMD's new accelerated processing units with HSA technology can revolutionize computing in a big way. One of the problems is that Kaveri may not show decent speed in popular programs today (especially those that rely on single-thread performance), something that will negatively affect market performance of the new chip right now.
Tags AMD kaveri news Steamroller
Previous Sony speaks out on Playstation Vita's shortcomings
Next Sasa Marinkovic from AMD speaks exclusively with KitGuru
AMD might be working on a new APU for a next-gen Steam Deck
The Steam Deck has just been released, but rumours about its successor are already making …


Add warmth and real style with this eye-catching runner. Perfect for hallways, strong and very durable. Hand-woven from jute on traditional looms using age-old techniques.
A hand-woven, eco-friendly and fair trade product. Also available in red. 180cm x 70cm.
Hand-woven from jute -- a great eco product made from natural vegetable fibre.


text:
Q: How do I prove this dynamic programming problem? Given: $y_i$, $w_i$ - variables at stage $i$, $y_{i} \in \mathbb{R}$, $y_{i} \in \mathbb{R}$; $a\leq w_i \leq b$; $i = 1,\dots,n$
We are also given a function $\phi(\cdot)$ which is continuous. $y_1$ is also given.
The transition is defined by:
$$y_2 = \phi(w_1\cdot y_1)$$
$$y_3 = \phi(w_2\cdot y_2)$$
$$ \dots $$
$$ y_{i+1} = \phi(w_{i} \cdot y_{i}) $$
$$ \dots $$
$$ y_{n} = \phi(w_{n-1} \cdot y_{n-1}) $$
$$ y_{n+1} = \phi(w_{n} \cdot y_{n}) $$
We then have the following optimization problem
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
\max_{\{w_i\}} \quad & y_{n+1} \\
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
We define $L(y_n) = \underset{w_n}{\mathrm{max}} \,y_{n+1}$.
Task: Prove that $L(y_1)$ is equivalent to the solution of the problem $\underset{\{w_i\}}{\mathrm{max}} \,y_{n+1}$
Attempt: All I can come up with is that $L(y_1)$ can be written as:
$$
L(y_1) = \underset{w_1}{\mathrm{max}}[\underset{w_2}{\mathrm{max}}[\underset{w_3}{\mathrm{max}}[ \dots \underset{w_{n-1}}{\mathrm{max}}[\underset{w_n}{\mathrm{max}} \, y_{n+1}] \dots ]]]
$$
where:
$$
y_{n+1} = \phi \bigg(w_n\cdot\phi \Big(w_{n-1}\cdot \phi \big(\dots \phi(w_1 \cdot y_1) \dots \big) \Big) \bigg)
$$
How do I proceed from here?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Credit: Rick Osentoski-USA TODAY Sports
Home/College Basketball Picks/Saint Joseph's vs Loyola-Chicago 1/14/23 College Basketball Picks, Predictions, Odds
Saint Joseph's vs Loyola-Chicago 1/14/23 College Basketball Picks, Predictions, Odds
Randy Chambers Follow on Twitter January 13, 2023
Loyola-Chicago Ramblers (6-10) vs. Saint Joseph's Hawks (6-10)
January 14, 2023 12:30 pm EDT
The Line: Saint Joseph's Hawks -1.5 / Loyola-Chicago Ramblers +1.5; Over/Under: +141.5
The Loyola-Chicago Ramblers and Saint Joseph's Hawks meet Saturday in college basketball action at the Michael J. Hagan '85 Arena. The Loyola-Chicago Ramblers look for their seventh win. The Saint Joseph's Hawks look for their seventh win.
The Loyola-Chicago Ramblers are averaging 68.4 points on 47.6 percent shooting and allowing 72 points on 45.5 percent shooting. Philip Alston is averaging 14.4 points and 1.2 assists, while Braden Norris is averaging 11.1 points and 2.6 rebounds. Marquise Kennedy is grabbing 3.8 rebounds and Ben Schwieger is grabbing 3.5 rebounds. The Loyola-Chicago Ramblers are shooting 33.7 percent from beyond the arc and 69.8 percent from the free throw line. The Loyola-Chicago Ramblers are allowing 32.8 percent shooting from deep and are grabbing 29.3 rebounds per game.
The Saint Joseph's Hawks are averaging 70.1 points on 41.4 percent shooting and allowing 73.6 points on 44.3 percent shooting. Erik Reynolds II is averaging 17.4 points and 2.9 rebounds, while Cameron Brown is averaging 14.3 points and 6.3 rebounds. Lynn Greer II is dishing 4.4 assists and Kacper Klaczek is grabbing 5.6 rebounds. The Saint Joseph's Hawks are shooting 32.9 percent from beyond the arc and 67.9 percent from the free throw line. The Saint Joseph's Hawks are allowing 34.9 percent shooting from deep and are grabbing 30.6 rebounds per game.
The Ramblers are 1-7 ATS in their last 8 road games and 9-23-1 ATS in their last 33 games overall. The Hawks are 5-1 ATS in their last 6 home games and 5-2 ATS in their last 7 Saturday games. The over is 5-0 in Ramblers last 5 overall. The under is 5-2 in Hawks last 7 Saturday games.
These are two losing teams you shouldn't make a habit of backing, but the Loyola-Chicago Ramblers are in far worse shape. Loyola-Chicago gets crushed on the road and is losing its last 5 games by an average of 14.2 points. If the Saint Joseph's Hawks can't squeeze a win out at home, something is wrong. I'll lay the bucket.
Randy Chambers's Free Pick: Saint Joseph's Hawks -1.5
Atlantic 10 Conference Loyola-Chicago Ramblers Saint Joseph's Hawks


text:
Salam School's all-Muslim girls basketball team continues to get national attention and a visit by WNBA star Sue Bird
The team is one of the few, if not the only, all-Muslim girls basketball team in the United States.
Salam School's all-Muslim girls basketball team continues to get national attention and a visit by WNBA star Sue Bird The team is one of the few, if not the only, all-Muslim girls basketball team in the United States. Check out this story on jsonline.com: https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/milwaukee/2019/12/12/all-muslim-girls-team-milwaukee-salam-school-sue-bird-global-media/2632569001/
Jordyn Noennig, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Published 2:16 p.m. CT Dec. 12, 2019
A Division 5 girls varsity basketball team right here in Milwaukee was the topic of a front-page sports story by the Washington Post and a CBS news feature. Basketball legend Sue Bird also paid them a visit.
CNN just spent a week filming the team. Earlier this season Radio Monte Carlo, a major sports news network in France, interviewed the coach and her players.
The Journal Sentinel first reported on the female varsity basketball team at Salam School last year, and its popularity has since gone global.
Salam School's all-Muslim girls basketball team defies stereotypes by wi...
Salam School's Heba Badwan dribbles past St. Francis' Xaina Miller as the Salam School girls basketball team plays. The girls basketball team at Salam School, a traditional Islamic school associated with the Islamic Society of Milwaukee, had a winning year in 2018-'19. This gallery was first published in December 2018; since then some of the team members have graduated. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Team captain Safiya Schaub fights for a rebound against St. Francis. The girls play in hijab and sweats with a waiver from the WIAA. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Salam's Heba Badwan drives past St. Francis' Victoria Lueck. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
"It's been literally crazy," says Coach Kassidi Macak of the attention her all-Muslim girls team has gotten. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Salam's Nadira Ali puts up a shot against St. Francis' Lisette Garcia. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Parents and fans cheer the Salam School girls basketball team. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Salam's Rula Sarsour passes the ball downcourt. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Parents and fans cheer the Salam School girls basketball team as it plays St. Francis. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Salam's Jumana Badwan passes the ball to a teammate. Rick Wood/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
"It's been literally crazy," said Kassidi Macak, who coaches the basketball team. "It's obvious that most people haven't seen an all-Muslim girls basketball team, and I think that is what initially draws attention."
In person, people are generally excited for a team that is breaking stereotypes for Muslim females in athletics, according to Macak, but the internet is a different story.
"When you go online you try to scroll really fast so you don't see some of the ignorance that is being said about these high-school girls," she said.
When sports news site Bleacher Report came to do a story on the team, it brought Bird, a three-time WNBA all-star and four-time Olympic gold medalist.
"It sounds like one thing we have in common is some naysayers, right? And that's something that as a woman professional athlete, sadly, we face all the time," Bird told the girls in the video. "It's OK to feel bad about that. But then realize that, no, what somebody else thinks about me doesn't mean anything."
This is the best thing I have ever seen. @S10Bird your allyship, and support is everything. Our liberation is connected, and that is how we will win. On the court- and off.
— Shireen Ahmed (@_shireenahmed_) December 9, 2019
The Bleacher Report video followed the team through one of its most successful seasons yet, in 2018-'19, when it finished with a record of 14-4 against a schedule of many other small schools in the Milwaukee area.
The video also followed the team through heartbreak when it was seeded last in the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association playoffs. The Salam Stars were knocked from the tournament by No. 2 seed Catholic Central of Burlington.
"I honestly think we could win all of our games and still get last," Macak said. "I don't know if it's perception or jealousy from the media attention or because that's the way it's always been."
Still, on and off the camera, Macak reminds her players that it's more than the score and to focus on things they can control, like how they perform on court.
Since last season, the team has lost six seniors, and seven freshmen are now on the varsity team.
"It's been a 180 from coaching style and what we need to focus on rebuilding," Macak said. "Every time it gets hard, I remind myself of last year. It can be that way again in a few years."
Jordyn Noennig covers pop culture and entertainment in Milwaukee. Follow her on Instagram @JordynTaylor_n. Find her on Twitter @JordynTNoennig. Call her at 262-446-6601 or email Jordyn.Noennig@jrn.com.
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While it's human nature to focus on returns of the presidential and congressional elections, the factor that might be the most concerning following the Nov. 4 balloting was California ballot initiative Proposition 2. The proposition, which won't become law until 2015, requires that all farm animals, "for all or the majority of any day,"not be confined or tethered in a manner that prevents an animal from lying down, standing up, turning around or extending its limbs without touching another animal or an enclosure such as a cage or stall.
It specifically addresses modern cage housing for hens and stalls for sows and veal calves. It carries criminal penalties for violations, including fines and jail terms.
This proposition passed by a 2 to 1 margin, and effectively will eliminate egg production in the state of California – affecting 95% of the state's egg production. What is significant is that agriculture spent a lot of money, and 30 of the state's largest newspapers came out in opposition to Proposition 2. Yet it passed overwhelmingly.
The two main supporters of Proposition 2 were anti-ag groups Farm Sanctuary and Humane Society of the U.S. (HSUS). They've already indicated they will carry this and similar measures to other states. They're clearly focusing on states with ballot initiative procedures, avoiding those where legislatures have the time to study the facts and due diligence relative to the scientific facts.
In Colorado, the livestock industry recently put into effect voluntary measures to eliminate sow crates and the like. They did so when HSUS threatened to go to a ballot initiative and livestock interests realized they didn't have the dollars or political clout to compete with HSUS on a statewide ballot initiative. In fact, it's estimated that both sides in California spent a total of $16 million on both sides on Proposition 2.


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Q: Add a subview programatically at the bottom of other view I created a UIView with and added some UIlabels to it through interface builder. I want to add a UIView to this view programatically.
 self.view.addSubview(newView)

The problem is that the newView hides part of the label I have created with interface builder. How can I make the newView be on the bottom of all subviews?

A: Try using insertSubview(_:belowSubview:) like this -
self.view.insertSubview(newView, belowSubview: yourLabel)

A: This will help you to achieve
self.view.insertSubview(newView, at: 0)

A: If you have already added this newView to view use view.sendSubview(toBack: newView), otherwise use view.insertSubview(newView, at: 0)

A: There are 2 ways to do it, if you use the Interface Builder.
1) Select your view in the Interface Builder, and then go:
Editor -> Arrange -> Send to Back
2) Rearrange all the views in the view list in the left panel (by dragging and dropping one view above another). Look at the the picture.

A: Use iOS Layout Anchors:
After
self.view.addSubview(newView)
newView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
newView.topAnchor(equalTo: THE_LOWEST_PLACED_LABEL_IN_VIEW.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
newView.bottomAnchor(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor).isActive = true