text:
President Trump pardons former Army soldier sentenced for killing Iraqi prisoner
Posted 11:31 PM, May 7, 2019, by CNN Wire
President Donald Trump granted a pardon Monday to a former first lieutenant in the Army who was sentenced to prison in 2009 for killing an Iraqi detainee, according to the White House.
White House press secretary Sarah Sanders announced that Michael Behenna, of Oklahoma, would receive a full pardon. In a statement, Sanders said Behenna had been sentenced to 25 years in prison for unpremeditated murder in a combat zone by a military court, but there were issues involving his case.
"After judgment, however, the U.S. Army's highest appellate court noted concern about how the trial court had handled Mr. Behenna's claim of self-defense," Sanders said in the statement.
"Additionally, the Army Clemency and Parole Board reduced his sentence to 15 years and paroled him as soon as he was eligible in 2014 — just 5 years into his sentence," she added.
President Trump awards Medal of Freedom to long-time friend Tiger Woods
Behenna deployed to Iraq in 2007, according to The Washington Post. The following year, two soldiers and friends of Behenna were killed in a roadside explosion and he was on the scene, the newspaper reports.
Shortly after the soldiers' death, there was an intelligence report saying then-Iraqi operative Ali Mansur possibly helped organize the explosion, the Post reports.
Mansur was interrogated but then freed, the Post reported, because the military did not have conclusive evidence tying him to the explosion.
Less than a month later, Behenna went to interrogate Mansur on his own, without authorization, stripped Mansur naked and shot him twice, according to the Post.
Behenna left the body and didn't tell anyone, and the next day Iraqi police found Mansur's body, the Post reported.
Trump Administration announces additional 30,000 seasonal worker visas
According to the report, Behenna maintained he acted in self-defense.
Military prosecutors told the jury at his 2009 court-martial they believed Behenna killed Mansur to avenge the loss of the two soldiers, according to the Post.
In her statement, Sanders called Behenna a "model prisoner" when he was serving his sentence.
She said Behenna's case "has attracted broad support from the military, Oklahoma elected officials, and the public," and noted that "thirty-seven generals and admirals, along with a former Inspector General of the Department of Defense, signed a brief in support of Mr. Behenna's self-defense claim."
House panel sets Wednesday vote to hold Barr in contempt after DOJ doesn't turn over Mueller report
"Behenna is entirely deserving of this Grant of Executive Clemency," Sanders wrote.
Hina Shamsi, director of the American Civil Liberties Union National Security Project, called the pardon "a presidential endorsement of a murder that violated the military's own code of justice."
"The military appeals court found Behenna disobeyed orders, became the aggressor against his prisoner, and had no justification for killing a naked, unarmed Iraqi man in the desert, away from an actual battlefield," Shamsi said in a statement.
Topics: Doanld Trump, pardon, soldier
Former Kentucky Gov. Bevin pardoned a child rapist. One of his reasons: The 9-year-old victim's hymen was intact
Former Kentucky governor issued hundreds of pardons and commutations before leaving office this week
Governor pardoned convicted child rapist, more than 400 others, before leaving office
Crisis in Middle East tests potency of Sanders' criticism of Biden's Iraq vote
Former Rep. Chris Collins sentenced to 26 months in prison in insider trading case
President Trump orders killing of key Iranian commander in Baghdad airport strike
Victims' voices heard in clemency process
President Trump says 'Iran appears to be standing down' following its retaliatory attacks against Iraqi bases housing US troops
Iran attacks two Iraqi bases housing US forces in revenge for Soleimani's death
President Trump spares turkey named 'Butter' with a Thanksgiving pardon
President Trump says he won't allow Navy to punish SEAL who posed with dead body
'World War III' was trending


text:
Q: Selecting across multiple tables with UNION I reworked my database from one user table to multiple user tables (divided per role): tblStudents, tblTeachers, tblAdmin
When logging in, I didn't want to run three queries to check if the user exists somewhere in my DB. So what I did was put together the following query with union
select s.id as id, s.email as email, s.password as password, s.role as role from tblStudents s
union
select a.id as id, a.email as email, a.password as password, a.role as role from tblAdmin a
union
select t.id as id, t.email as email, t.password as password, t.role as role from tblTeachers t

This selects the fields that are the same across all tables and outputs the results nicely for me.
So, I decided to try this and for some reason, my login form wouldn't work. For my login form, I added a where clause which checks for the email address. I ran the query in my database app and surprisingly, when I do for example where email = "admin@admin.be" (this email exists in my database tblAdmin), it also selects a record from my students table.
With the where clause:
select s.id as id, s.email as email, s.password as password, s.role as role from tblStudents s
union
select a.id as id, a.email as email, a.password as password, a.role as role from tblAdmin a
union
select t.id as id, t.email as email, t.password as password, t.role as role from tblTeachers t
where email = "admin@admin.be"

The records both have id = 1 but I don't understand why it would select the student record when I'm filtering on the admin email address. Why is this? Can someone explain and provide me with a better solution to this problem? I basically have one login form and need to select across multiple tables to check if the user exists in my db.

A: Thanks for updating the query; now we can see that the WHERE condition is only applied to the last UNIONed query.  You need to either add that WHERE clause to each query, or wrap it as a subselect and apply the WHERE clause to that.
select s.id as id, s.email as email, s.password as password, s.role as role from tblStudents s
where email = "admin@admin.be"
union
select a.id as id, a.email as email, a.password as password, a.role as role from tblAdmin a
where email = "admin@admin.be"
union
select t.id as id, t.email as email, t.password as password, t.role as role from tblTeachers t
where email = "admin@admin.be"

or
SELECT * FROM (
select s.id as id, s.email as email, s.password as password, s.role as role from tblStudents s
union
select a.id as id, a.email as email, a.password as password, a.role as role from tblAdmin a
union
select t.id as id, t.email as email, t.password as password, t.role as role from tblTeachers t
) foo where email = "admin@admin.be"

A: SELECT
    R.co_C,
    company3.Statuss
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            company1.co_C
        FROM
            company1
        UNION ALL
            SELECT
                company2.co_C
            FROM
                company2
    ) AS R
LEFT JOIN company3 ON R.co_C = company3.co_A;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


> > "Uram�n togolov� dafary�vad; Uram�n taen�va dafary�zhad!"
Srir tio� kortain; srir tiou cuban.
>it's Quebec French, which is, shall we say, not the nicest of dialects.
>I'm sure the French from France sounds a lot better.
province, but I think Qu�b�cois French is quite beautiful.
contains more vowel sounds than Qu�b�cois?


Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!! Everyone of us are great lovers at heart but not great at expressing it to our partner. This is the primary cause many couples feel their partner doesn't love or care them. But the truth is they are the great lovers who do anything to everything to keep their partner happy.
They would silently acknowledge them with some splendid Valentines day sms, Valentine's day gifts, or Valentine's day candle light dinner, etc. Some are very introvert that they don't even express their love through a greeting card, while some would update their whatsapp status with few extremely heart touching love quotes purely to show their love for their partner.
For all such folks, here we have shared few mind-blowing Valentine Day Love Status for Whatsapp. Feel free to use them as well as share them online with your friends and followers. Do scroll down to view them all.
Love is like playing the piano.First you must learn to play by the rules, then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. Happy Valentine's Day.
Sweeter than chocolates, Sweeter than wind, Sweeter than just about everything, You are my Valentine, Happy I Love You Day.
Don't be a beggar of love, Be a donor of love, Beautiful people are not always good, But good people are always beautiful.
If a hug represented how much I loved you, I would hold you in my arms forever.
Love doesn't need to be equal or be fair, it only needs to be real Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
Valentine's Day: Roses are red and violets are blue, I've never been more in love with you!
As busy as we get, we need to be reminded that we are still sweethearts. Valentine's Day is a good day for me to stop and realize how wonderful you make me feel.
You walked in, and the sun broke through the clouds. Suddenly, life was worth living, and it became this big adventure. Thank you for being part of my life.
Love knows no boundaries other than those that we impose on it, but we know nothing about boundaries. It is Valentine's Day every day for us.
The moment you have in your heart this extraordinary thing called love and feel the depth, the delight, the ecstasy of it, you will discover that for you the world is transformed. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
What I need to live has been given to me by the earth. Why I need to live has been given to me by you.
I am weird, you are weird. Everyone in this world is weird. One day, two people come together in mutual weirdness and fall in love.
A candle may melt and it's fire may die, but the luv you have given me will _always stay as a flame in my heart. Happy valentines day.
When you luv someone, it's nothing._ When someone loves you, it's somthing._ When u love someone & they love you back, it's everything. Happy valentines day.
Valentine's Day is all about finding a companion as weird as you are, and then celebrating your weirdness together. Happy Valentine's Day! – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Though I have fallen in love countless times, yet it has always been with you.
It takes nearly anyone to catch your eye, but it takes that special someone to catch your heart and hold it forever.
Love takes time to heal when there is hurt. Can't you see that I was blind to let you go?I can't bear this pain inside. I miss my love.
Real romance and love are when you think about your significant another right at the moment when you need to think about something else. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Even though I try, I can't let go. Something in your eyes captures my soul. And every night I see you in my dreams. You are all I know.
Love is not finding someone to live with; it's finding someone you can't live without.
Every girl has that guy she will never stop loving. Every guy has that one girl he will never stop fighting for..!!
The spaces between your fingers were created so that another's could fill them in. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
A day without you is a day without sun, a night without you is a night without moon; a life without you is a life without life.
Even though Valentine's day costs a lot more with a girlfriend, you are the one girl in this world who is totally worth it. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Today I caught myself smiling for no reason… then I realized I was thinking about you.
We come to love not by finding a perfect person, but by learning to see an imperfect person perfectly. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
When I see my phone light up, I always hope that it's a text message from you…. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
Love is knowing that someone is there for you always Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
I forgot your name. Can I call you mine? And, in case you forget my name too, call me yours! Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
Every once in a while, someone comes into your life and you will wonder how you ever lived life without him. That's love. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
Its hard to forget the past with someone you want a future with.. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
I just love you and keep loving you for always, because when you smile it makes my heart skip a beat as it is very sweet. I love you my sweet heart ans I'll always do. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
The desire to get married is a basic and primal instinct in women. It's followed by another basic and primal instinct: the desire to be single again. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day! – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
I have learned not to worry about love; but to honor its coming with all my heart. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
I was about half in love with her by the time we sat down. That's the thing about girls. Every time they do something pretty you fall half in love with them, and then you never know where the hell you are. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
The one thing we can never get enough of is love. And the one thing we never give enough is love. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day! – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Love is the voice under all silences, the hope which has no opposite in fear; the strength so strong mere force is feebleness: the truth more first than sun, more last than star. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
Love is the answer to everything. It's the only reason to do anything. If you don't write stories you love, you'll never make it. If you don't write stories that other people love, you'll never make it. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
We're born alone, we live alone, we die alone. Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that we're not alone. Wish you a Happy Valentines Day!
The minute you have in your heart this remarkable thing called love and feel the profundity, the pleasure, the delight of it, you will find that for you the world is changed. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
On the off chance that affection is visually impaired, why is undergarments so famous.
I require three things in a man. He should be great looking, savage and inept.
The course of a genuine romance did never run straight.
What did the painter say to her beau? "I adore you with all my specialty!
What goes far and wide however remains in one corner? A stamp.
A few People regard relationship as a computer game. They play them and when they get exhausted they CHEAT – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Be that as it may, I have seen thee And thou craftsmanship enough.
This present valentine's day, I wont weep for u because my mascara is excessively costly.
On the off chance that you are enamored, and wish to send you claim Valentine's Day cites, either utilize these or else alter them for your own intimate romance. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Bliss is a nonexistent condition, some time ago credited by the living to the dead, now for the most part ascribed by grown-ups to youngsters, and by kids to grown-ups.
Why is lettuce the most cherishing vegetable? Since it's all heart.
A heart that affections is constantly youthful.
Life has taught us that love does not consist in gazing at each other but in looking outward together in the same direction. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Let your love be like the misty rains, coming softly, but flooding the river.
Love is a symbol of eternity. It wipes out all sense of time, destroying all memory of a beginning and all fear of an end.
The love game is never called off on account of darkness.
You know you're in love when you don't want to fall asleep because reality is finally better than your dreams.
No one else would understand our relationship, and no one else in this world would understand me the way you do. Happy Valentine's Day!
With you, I became a better person. Without you, my life will never be complete. Thank you for choosing me as your better half. Happy Valentine's Day! – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
A lover, a partner, a husband, a best friend. I can't believe that I have all rolled into one! Happy Valentine's Day!
I love you not just for who you are but also for how you make me feel. Happy Valentine's Day!
Life has nasty ways of reminding me of all its realities but luckily I have you… making every day seem like a surreal dream. I love you and Happy Valentine's Day, hubby! – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Beautiful memories and priceless moments… that's how I'd describe spending my life with you. I love you and Happy Valentine's Day, hubby!
You are not just my better half. You are the half that makes my life better than the best. Happy Valentine's Day, hubby!
Been my shadow wherever I went, It's the best feeling to know that rest of my life, with you I'll spend!! Happy Valentine's Day! – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
You always took care of my tender heart, corrected all my mistakes and promised me that we'll never go apart!!! I love you and Happy Valentine's Day, hubby!
Through the tough moments, we fought. Through the happy moments, we laughed. Through the years of our marriage, we are still in love! Happy Valentine's Day, hubby!
Sometimes when our lives get busy it takes a special occasion to stop everything and tell someone you love them. Happy Valentine's Day! I love you! – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
To my beloved husband. The day I met you, was the one that changed my life forever! May this Valentine's Day start the journey of love! I love you more and more!
How did I ever get so lucky to find my perfect someone to share my life with? So glad I found you. I love you and Happy Valentine's Day, hubby!
Sometimes people search their whole lives for that perfect someone to spend their life with. I'm so lucky that I have mine. Will you be valentine? – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
When you fall I will pick you up. When you are happy I will share your joy. When you need a friend I will be the first one there. I will always love you. Happy Valentine's Day! – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Remember the first time we celebrated this special day? That was the day we promised to love one another forever. Happy Valentine's Day!
I will never forget the day I said I would be yours forever. It was the best decision of my life. Happy Valentine's Day and I love you. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
On this Valentine's Day, I want you to know how much I've enjoyed annoying you all this time & how excited I am to keep doing so in the future.
For it was not into my ear you whispered, but into my heart. It was not my lips you kissed, but my soul.
A heart is not judged by how much you love, but by how much you are loved by others.
The real power of a man is the size of the smile of the woman sitting next to him.
Someone who truly loves you sees what a mess you can be but still wants to be with you.
You'll never find someone who loves you as much as I do.
You are reason for me to wake up each day with a smile and thank God. – Valentine Day Status for Whatsapp!!!
Being in love with you makes every day an interesting one.
I can't stop thinking about you: today, tomorrow, always.


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text:
This Boston Celtics team is the opposite of last year, Brad Stevens loves Marcus Smart, & 10 things we learned vs. Charlotte Hornets
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA - NOVEMBER 07: Kemba Walker #8 of the Boston Celtics reacts after a play against the Charlotte Hornets during their game at Spectrum Center on November 07, 2019 in Charlotte, North Carolina. (Photo by Streeter Lecka/Getty Images)Getty Images
By John Karalis | JKaralis@masslive.com
The Boston Celtics, a good basketball team, went into Charlotte and beat the Hornets, a bad basketball team, by a lot of points.
This, on many days, would be the end of the story. For these Celtics, it's just the beginning. It is early, but this is the high point of this young season. In fact, this game has a funky cosmic connection to last year's lowest point.
It's the first of 10 things we learned from the blowout in Charlotte.
1. This year's team really is the opposite of last year's team.
Two plays highlight this point.
The first is one of many opportunities the Celtics had to force a shot. Forcing shots was a staple of last year's team, because they never trusted each other to give the ball up and get it back. When a guy had a chance at a halfway decent look, he took it because that was his chance to score.
In this one, not so much.
Jaylen Brown finds Jayson Tatum for a 3-pointer
I'm 100 percent positive Jaylen Brown would have forced this shot last year. It's a bit of personal and team growth. The Celtics spent this game passing in situations they wouldn't have last year.
The second play involved their star point guard also passing.
Here is Kemba Walker, at the end of a quarter where he had scored 11 points, on a night completely dedicated to him. With the clock winding down, he shed himself of one defender and faced only a flat-footed big. What did he do?
Kemba Walker finds Jayson Tatum for 3
That situation was tailor-made for a Walker 3. No one would have questioned that shot one bit. Instead, he passed it.
This team is the opposite of last year's team. It was in Charlotte last year, after blowing a huge fourth quarter lead, that we realized the depths of Boston's problem. Now, in the next game they played there, it's where we see some of the best examples of how things have changed.
If you'd like to hear more of my argument on this point, it was a heavily featured point on the postgame Locked On Celtics podcast.
2. Kemba is a breath of fresh air
Listen to his postgame interview:
.@tvabby chats with Kemba Walker after the C's win vs the Hornets pic.twitter.com/nsXJLoktgk
— Celtics on NBC Sports Boston (@NBCSCeltics) November 8, 2019
He gets it. What more is there to say about him?
3. Guys got rest
Only Jaylen Brown played more than 30 minutes, which is good because he could use the reps after missing a few games.
Everyone else got to rest, including Walker and Hayward, both of whom sat out the fourth quarter. It's especially important to get these guys some game time off after Stevens had to lean on them for big minutes against Toronto and Milwaukee.
Anything that keeps these guys fresh for an important test like Saturday in San Antonio helps.
Anatomy of an alley oop: How & when Boston Celtics Gordon Hayward decides to toss one to Robert Williams (video)
A video breakdown of how Gordon Hayward reads a defense and decides to throw an alley oop to Robert Williams
4. Marcus Smart yapped at Brad
Smart didn't like that the coaching staff didn't match his displeasure for the officiating, so he let them know about it too.
Marcus Smart is upset with the coaches
Smart later apologized for the outburst, but stood by his assertion that he's not getting treated the same as other players by the officials.
Stevens didn't seem fussed about the outburst.
"This is the part about Marcus that I love," Stevens said. "His fire, his competitiveness. If there's a moment where he's upset with us, that's all part of it. We move on pretty quickly. We've been together a long time. I've been yelled at before and that's ok. I love him and I trust him."
Read more on the entire altercation with Miles Bridges, including why Marcus Smart said he has to protect himself
Buy Celtics gear: Fanatics, Nike, Amazon, Lids
Buy Celtics tickets: StubHub, SeatGeek, Ticketmaster
Stream Celtics games live: fuboTV and Hulu + Live
5. Jaylen trash talked Terry Rozier
Jaylen Brown said he joked to Terry Rozier tonight, "You can't score on me, and you for damn sure can't guard me."😂
— Marc D'Amico (@Marc_DAmico) November 8, 2019
I would have bet money on Rozier going for a revenge game here. He just didn't have it, though, and it's pretty cold-blooded for Brown to let him have it like this.
It's all in good fun, though. It's also true.
6. Tatum is hitting 3′s again
After an 0-5 night triggered a lot of "regression to the mean" talk with Tatum's shooting, he went out and hit four of the six 3-pointers he took, keeping his long-range shooting up over 45 percent (45.8 percent to be exact).
That doesn't seem sustainable, but he did shoot 43.4 percent his rookie year. Granted, he's taking twice as many 3′s this year, but there is precedent for him shooting a high percentage over a long season. Even if it falls somewhere between that and the 37.3 percent he shot last year, it would be a huge win for him and the Celtics.
If Tatum can somehow keep shooting somewhere around 40 percent while taking seven 3′s per game, he'll be an All-Star.
7. Grant Williams has.... something
Williams is a smart kid and a fast learner. But this moment after a Robert Williams goaltend stood out.
Grant Williams talks to Robert Williams
Grant had Bismack Biyombo stopped, but Robert Williams decided he wanted the block anyway. That's what Rob does. He love to jump and he chases blocks more than anyone this side of Hassan Whiteside.
Grant Williams' reaction stood out because he's the rookie, but he's immediately reacting to the second-year guy and calming him down. He has a thing that makes it easy to see why Stevens trusts him. Grant Williams is a smart player. He might never be an All-Star, but I wouldn't be surprised if he becomes a team captain at some point. He's the type of player every team would want.
8. Semi Ojeleye didn't really play
Ojeleye has the tools to be a helpful NBA player. We've seen him do good things in big moments. He's been used against the freakin' MVP and has been as effective as you can expect anyone to be against Giannis Antetokounmpo.
Still, Ojeleye is missing something. He hasn't been able to hit his 3-pointers in games, and him being a deep threat is something the Celtics need.
Him getting only garbage time in a blowout seems telling, especially when Grant Williams is getting rotation minutes.
It's pretty clear Williams has already surpassed Ojeleye. Grant just does so much more on the floor.
9. Javonte Green can fly
OK, we didn't learn this, but we were certainly reminded of it.
Oh my, Javonte Green 😮#Celtics pic.twitter.com/AyhiIBHWDS
— NBA on TNT (@NBAonTNT) November 8, 2019
This is the second game where Green got a little more than garbage time minutes.
Could we be seeing Green sneaking his way into the rotation?
10. The Celtics are the best team in basketball
On this November 8, 2019, we can say truthfully and honestly that the Boston Celtics have the best record in the NBA (tied with... some team from Los Angeles).
Who knows how long this will be true, but it's true now, so soak it in.
Kemba Walker's mother might resent Charlotte Hornets, but Boston Celtics' star's return was 'amazing'
Kemba Walker's return was "amazing" for the Boston Celtics' guard.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Il signore di Ballantrae (The Master of Ballantrae) è un romanzo scritto da Robert Louis Stevenson e pubblicato nel 1888. La trama del libro ruota intorno al conflitto fra due fratelli, nobili scozzesi, la cui famiglia è dilaniata dall'insurrezione giacobita del 1745.

Trama
Il romanzo è presentato come il libro di memorie di Efraim Mackellar, amministratore della tenuta dei Durrisdeer, in terra di Scozia e la trama si dipana per oltre 20 anni della vita dei due protagonisti.
Quando Carlo Edoardo Stuart innalza la propria bandiera la famiglia di possidenti Durrisder, col maggiore James (il signore di Ballantrae) e il suo giovane fratello Henry, decidono una strategia in comune: il ragazzo si unirà ai rivoltosi mentre gli altri rimarranno con i lealisti, cosicché a seconda di quale delle due parti in causa vinca lo status nobiliare della famiglia e la relativa proprietà sarà preservato.

Sarà James però ad insistere per star dalla parte dei ribelli, in quanto è una scelta più emozionante, ed accusa sprezzante Henry di cercar di usurparne il ruolo: i due decidono di lanciare a sorte e il fato premia James. Mentre il Master si allontana, Henry rimane a sostegno di re Giorgio II di Gran Bretagna. La rivolta fallisce ed il Master risulta essere disperso e viene dato per morto. Henry diventa erede della tenuta, anche se non assume per sé il titolo spettante al fratello. Passano alcuni anni mentre Henry è ingiustamente vilipeso dai cittadini, mentre il padre passa il suo tempo in lutto per il favorito figlio maggiore caduto.

L'indole mite di Henry sopporta l'ingiustizia in silenzio, inviando anche del denaro per sostenere economicamente l'amante abbandonata del fratello, di cui lui ha abusato vergognosamente, e suo figlio.

Nel mese di aprile 1749 però appare un messaggero nella persona del colonnello Francis Burke, un irlandese che era stato in contatto con James; egli porta delle lettere del Master, che è ancora vivo e risiede in Francia. Dalle memorie di Burke veniamo a sapere che James abbandonò i ribelli non appena vide che stavano per esser sconfitti ed in compagnia di Burke è salpato per il continente.

Ma dopo sette giorni di viaggio, in mezzo al maltempo l'imbarcazione è assalita dai pirati; Burke e il Master vengono presi a bordo per unirsi alla ciurma, mentre il resto dell'equipaggio fatto prigioniero viene barbaramente ucciso. Il Master riesce infine a diventare il nuovo capitano della nave pirata: egli si dimostra essere brutale e spietato, sequestrando diverse navi e massacrando tutti i loro equipaggi per impedir d'esser riconosciuto. Attraversato l'Oceano Atlantico si dirige verso le coste della Carolina del Nord, dove abbandona i fuorilegge che vengono così catturati dalla Royal Navy, mentre egli fugge con Burke e due altri complici, portandosi via tutti i tesori accumulati fino a quel momento. Nel corso della loro fuga attraverso una zona paludosa, il Master uccide a tradimento uno dei compagni e lascia mezzo morto l'altro.

Sempre in compagnia di Burke riesce ad ottenere un passaggio in direzione di Albany su una nave mercantile; attraversano poi le terre che dovrebbero condurli in Canada, dove sperano di trovare rifugio tra i francesi i quali avevano sostenuto la ribellione. Prendono con loro una guida, un commerciante indiano di nome Crew, che però muore presto di febbre, lasciandoli irrimediabilmente perduti in territorio sconosciuto. Dopo aver seppellito il tesoro, a causa d'un litigio i due si separano, per incontrarsi successivamente di nuovo in Francia.

Henry e Mackellar non informano nessuno delle imprese illegali del Master, men che meno il vecchio padre il quale continua a considerare il maggiore dei figli come una sorta d'angelo perduto. Henry continua a mantenere l'amante di James e il suo figlio bastardo, rispondendo inoltre anche alle richieste dirette del fratello maggiore, che lo accusa d'avergli rubato l'eredità. Per rispondere alle sue richieste deve ulteriormente tassare la tenuta, guadagnandosi così anche la reputazione di avaro. In sette anni Henry invia al fratello più di 8.000 sterline.

Nel luglio 1756 Mackellar riceve una lettera da parte del colonnello Burke, il quale si trova attualmente in Champagne (provincia); questi riferisce che a causa di intrighi di corte in cui si è immischiato hanno fatto portare il Master alla Bastiglia, ed avendo perduto tutto è così precipitato nella miseria più nera. Rilasciato, programma una spedizione in India, ma saranno necessari un bel po' di soldi per poterla realizzare.

Nel novembre 1756 il Master torna a Durrisdeer sotto lo pseudonimo di Mr. Bally; incontra Henry, il padre e l'ex fidanzata (ora moglie di Henry): con le sue doti d'inganno e manipolazione riesce sempre a mettere il fratello dalla parte del torto ed esultante promette a se stesso di riuscire a distruggerlo. Infine, dopo aver sofferto tutto in stoico silenzio, Henry lo colpisce con un pugno, il che li porta ad un duello con le spade.

Il Master, ferito nel corso del duello, però sopravvive e col denaro che ha estorto al padre va in India nel tentativo di fare fortuna. Alla morte del vecchio genitore Henry diventa Lord; scoperto che il Master era una spia, Henry e la moglie tengono tutto sotto silenzio per evitare uno scandalo alla famiglia: intanto hanno anche avuto un figlio che chiamano Alessandro. Un po' alla volta però Henry diventa instabile di mente, la sua personalità cambia e si disinteressa completamente degli affari. Per liberarsi definitivamente del fratello decide di trasferirsi a New York, in una proprietà della moglie.

Nel 1764 il Master torna a New York nel tentativo di recuperare il tesoro seppellito dei pirati; alla fine, divorato dallo stesso odio che ha sempre animato il fratello nei suoi confronti Henry, oramai completamente folle, organizza un agguato contro di lui. Per salvarsi, il Master si finge morto e si fa seppellire da un servo indiano, con il proposito di essere a breve dissepolto. Quando ciò accade, per quanto ormai morente, apre per un attimo gli occhi e a tale vista raccapricciante il fratello Henry cade a terra, morto. Così i due fratelli, che tanto si erano odiati, muoiono quasi nello stesso momento e vengono sepolti l'uno accanto all'altro dal fedele Mackellar.

Illustrazioni del romanzo

Adattamenti
Il romanzo è stato adattato in un film intitolato Il principe di Scozia nel 1953, con Errol Flynn nel ruolo del protagonista. Sono stati inoltre
prodotti numerosi adattamenti televisivi, il più recente dei quali risale al 1984 e vede protagonista l'attore John Gielgud.

In Italia la Rai trasmise nel 1979 una versione per la regia di Anton Giulio Majano, i cui protagonisti erano Giuseppe Pambieri (James Durie) e Luigi La Monica (Henry Durie).

Edizioni italiane
 Il Sire di Ballantrae, Alpes, Milano, 1929.
 Il Signore di Ballantrae, Rosa e Ballo Editori, 1944.

  Collana Gli struzzi n.173, Einaudi, Torino, 1978.
 Il Signore di Ballantrae, Collezione n.9, R.A.D.A.R., 1964.

  Nuova trad., Garzanti, 2004.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Romanzi di Robert Louis Stevenson
Romanzi di avventura
Romanzi ambientati in Scozia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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TDOT: Small plane makes emergency landing on I-40 East
The pilot was the only person on board the plane, according to the Federal Aviation Administration.
Additional information has not been released at this time.
By Paige Hill
Published: Jan. 21, 2023 at 1:52 PM EST|Updated: Jan. 21, 2023 at 2:55 PM EST
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (WVLT) - A small plane made an emergency landing on the interstate, causing congestion in Knox County Saturday afternoon.
Tennessee Department of Transportation spokesperson Mark Nagi said the plane made the landing on I-40 East near the Papermill Drive exit.
The TDOT Smartway map stated the "disabled vehicle" was reported at mile marker 383 just after 1:30 p.m. on Jan. 21. The eastbound right lane and shoulder reopened at 3:30 p.m. after being closed for nearly two hours.
Nagi said there were no significant injuries reported. The Knoxville Police Department shared the pilot was okay, and it was not believed that any vehicles were struck.
A Federal Aviation Administration spokesperson said only the pilot was on board the Zenith 750 when it crashed.
The pilot, Frank Grubbs, told WVLT News that he had been flying for less than 40 minutes when the engine failed. At that point, the man said he remained calm and landed on the highway.
Other than the front wheel being destroyed, Grubbs said the plane was in good condition.
The plane was loaded on a wrecker and removed from the interstate Saturday evening.
A small plane has made an emergency landing on I-40 East at Papermill Drive in Knox County. No significant injury. Right lane closed. Traffic backing a bit. pic.twitter.com/9xTsdppapZ
— Mark Nagi (@MarkNagiTDOT) January 21, 2023
Copyright 2023 WVLT. All rights reserved.
Endangered Child Alert issued for missing 8-year-old boy from Maryville
TBI investigating deadly house fire in Union County
Rain chances are lower Monday, unsettled heading into Tuesday
Special Olympics Tennessee Winter Games return


As the managing editor of the Adams Papers and primary editor for Adams Family Correspondence, Margaret A. Hogan has an all-access pass to the lives of John, Abigail, John Quincy, and the rest of the Adams dynasty. The Massachusetts Historical Society, which sponsors the editions project, holds more than a quarter million Adams-related documents. Hogan, with her colleague C. James Taylor, recently published My Dearest Friend (Belknap Press), a new compilation of letters between John and Abigail Adams. Here Hogan reflects on the verities of the Adams family and the scholarly life.
What was John Adams's most marked characteristic?
What could modern political wives learn from Abigail Adams?
Be grateful for telephones, e-mail, and airplanes.
Which person did John most admire?
Which person did John most despise?
In order by chronology, last name, or level of disdain? How about one for each day of the week? If it's Tuesday, it must be Hamilton.
What was John's greatest extravagance?
Books and land. He couldn't get enough of either, which drove Abigail crazy. She wanted to invest their money in securities—an early bond speculator.
John and Abigail: love at first sight or slow burn?
Slow burn. His earliest description of her was "Not fond, not frank, not candid." Things could only improve from there.
What pet names did John have for Abigail?
Miss Adorable. The Great Goddess Diana.
What pet names did she have for him?
What is the quality that John most liked in a woman?
What is the quality Abigail most liked in a man?
Integrity, intellect, and a sense of duty.
Which words or phrases did John most overuse?
When and where were John and Abigail the happiest?
Their retirement years at Peacefield. They faced their fair share of tragedies during that time but at least, at long last, they were together.
When were they most miserable?
What was Abigail's most treasured possession?
If the election were held today, who would win: John Adams or Thomas Jefferson?
Jefferson. Adams just wouldn't have had the stomach for it.
What modern politician is most like John Adams?
What is still a mystery about John Adams?
Not much. He didn't hold back.
Why study John and Abigail?
They're the original great American couple—present at so many significant events—and they had something to say on pretty much any topic imaginable. Their letters are insightful; they both write so eloquently but also with so much candor. Their humanity just shines through.
Elizabeth Peters, Margaret Atwood, J. R. R. Tolkien, Louisa May Alcott.
What is your favorite archive?
The archives at the motherhouse of the Dominican Sisters of St. Catharine in Springfield, Kentucky. The archivist put me up, fed me, made sure I took a walk outside each day to get some fresh air, and had the sisters pray for the success of my dissertation. What more can you ask for?
As a historian, footnotes (easier for the reader). As an editor, endnotes (easier for the typesetter).
Letter. You cannot work with such remarkable ones from the eighteenth century all the time and not want to leave some (and receive some) yourself.
To be a really great cook.
When I can bring happiness to my family.


Diagnosing chain alignment problems | Columbia Steel Casting Co., Inc.
Dragline chain out of pitch? Here's what to look for.
Are there adjustments to align chains of different lengths but of the same size?
Thank you for your question Chris. There are many reasons why chains may be out of pitch. I will address a few.
If the chains have the same number of links but different lengths, they are likely different manufacture and hot work will be required. You can cut the two chains in half and swap half's with the other strand to make two chains of equal length. A mechanical or weld in repair link will be required to join the halves.
If the chains have different number of links you can remove the excess links form one strand and use a mechanical or weld in repair link to join the end link back into the chain, making two equal length chains.
If the chains are different length due to uneven wear, rotating the chains from one side to the other can help bring them back into alignment. Periodical chain rotation is always a good practice to follow.
If chains are not aligned due to a bracket being installed improperly, a possible fix could be to re-position the bracket.
If the chains are of same manufacture, rotation does not help uneven wear, and the brackets are installed properly, you may have a warranty claim to follow up on.
Columbia Steel produces world class chain 100% made in the USA. All of our drag, hoist, and dump chains are fully backed by our fit, performance, and satisfaction guarantee.


version of this material in his SNIPPETS file.
Ted Jensen is a retired Electronics Engineer who worked as a hardware designer or manager of hardware designers in the field of magnetic recording. Programming has been a hobby of his off and on since 1968 when he learned how to keypunch cards for submission to be run on a mainframe. (The mainframe had 64K of magnetic core memory!).


AHMED A.M. , ELSAYED E.M.
In this paper we deal with the expressions of solutions and the periodicity nature of some systems of nonlinear difference equations with order three with nonzero real numbers initial conditions.
 A A.M. , and E E.M. , "THE EXPRESSIONS OF SOLUTIONS AND THE PERIODICITY OF SOME RATIONAL DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS SYSTEMS", Journal of applied mathematics & informatics, vol. 1_2, no. 1_2, Jan 2016.


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This may be hard to believe, but Mayor Bill de Blasio has accused Governor Andrew Cuomo of being too controlling.
The mayor offered this insight as explanation – or perhaps excuse – as the city's vaccination effort against COVID-19 lagged far behind what was hoped for. A lack of urgency, is how the governor described the city's efforts.
This latest spat differs from their standard sibling-style rivalry, however, in that each was representing a view in a national, even global, argument about how to distribute still scarce vaccine fairly as well as smartly to curb the resurgent pandemic.
De Blasio said that the governor was adhering too rigidly to the priorities drawn up before the vaccine arrived.
At first, the governor not only resisted, but doubled down, threatening hospitals who didn't quickly use their vaccine supplies as instructed with fines and expulsion from the distribution. This name-and-shame tactic did not go over well, and by Friday afternoon the governor announced that beginning Monday a new and far larger group would be invited to be vaccinated.
In this group, labeled 1B, are most public employees, including teachers, police officers and transit workers, as well as anyone 75 or older. Group 1A was limited to health workers and residents of senior care facilities.
In the 27 days since a nurse in Queens received the first dose of vaccine, 185,760 people have been vaccinated in the city as of Saturday, including 17,421 who have received both their first dose and their second "booster" dose required by both the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. These vaccinations have used less than half of the 524,425 doses the city has already received and stored in various hospital refrigerators.
Pressure to Move Faster
The image of lifesaving vaccine sitting unused in refrigerators has ramped up the pressure on the mayor and the governor –indeed, on mayors and governors across the country – to move faster.
There is an instinctive tendency to say the faster the better.
Certainly faster is better than slower, if those are the only choices. But if faster means jabbing the most readily available arms, say in wealthy Manhattan neighborhoods with lots of medical services, then slowing down could be smart to get more vaccine to, say, Queens neighborhoods where the virus is more prevalent.
In other words, social equity and smart public health go together. Obviously, the best solution of all is reaching everyone swiftly.
Which is essentially the challenge New York and many communities are trying to fix right now.
One reason that many states are expanding the eligibility list is that a surprising number of health workers in category 1A have not signed up for the vaccine or outright refused it. The Fire Department told the New York Post Friday that 4,700 firefighters and FDNY's ambulance workers, 30 percent of the department, have declined the vaccine.
This high refusal rate has left doses unused and many hospitals and clinics have had trouble quickly locating eligible recipients, sometimes making less than ideal choices. "Yes, it's true, hospitals' excess doses should have gone to elderly patients ahead of young, healthy workers," said the chair of the City Council Health Committee, Mark D. Levine. "But the biggest scandal in vaccination now is not that the wrong people are getting shots. It's that too few people are getting shots at all."
Widening the pool, as the governor did Friday, will help. In announcing his decision, he pushed some of the responsibility for equitably administering vaccines down on public employee unions which represent many of those in group 1B.
The teachers' unions, for example, should be "thinking about" the importance of "prioritizing older teachers, teachers in classrooms, teachers in communities with higher infection rates," Cuomo said.
Fragmented System
Levine said another obstacle to accelerating vaccination is the fragmented system for making an appointment once you are eligible. The city's Health + Hospitals has a separate system from the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, which is separate from various community clinics and even the Long Island City location of Costco, which is offering vaccinations, Levine noted.
"We need one unified scheduling system for all of NYC," he urged.
Vaccine sites are being expanded. Cuomo said the Javits Convention Center, a field hospital earlier in the pandemic, would be brought back to service as a drive-through vaccination center. On Sunday the city opened two sites – one at the Brooklyn Army Terminal in Sunset Park and the other at the Bathgate Contract Postal Station in the Bronx. Both will operate 24/7 beginning Monday. Appointments will be required and can be made by phone or online, the city said.
There is an imminent change that will affect all of this, but how is not yet clear. President-elect Joe Biden takes office Wednesday, January 20, on a promise to administer 100 million vaccine doses in his first hundred days. He has promised more money to states and local governments to distribute the vaccine and also plans to immediately release millions of doses the federal government is holding in reserve to be sure there is supply for the second doses.
Whether this turns out to be a good idea will hinge on whether Biden can find ways to keep the vaccine supply flowing from the drug makers so second doses still arrive and on whether he creates a real expansion of both staff and locations to administer the vaccine.
Biden said he has been in touch with the NFL to see if football stadiums can be made available. Since New York City's football stadium is actually in a swamp in New Jersey this could be of limited value in the city. But both of New York's professional baseball stadiums are nearby neighborhoods in the Bronx and Queens hardest hit by the pandemic.
"The biggest scandal in vaccination now is not that the wrong people are getting shots. It's that too few people are getting shots at all." Council Member Mark D. Levine
1 Andrew Cuomo
2 Mark D. Levine
3 Mayor Bill de Blasio
4 Michael Oreskes
5 President Elect Joe Biden
6 Public Health
7 Vaccines


Creating sales-oriented websites to make certain the greatest efficiency of sales is not brand-new for the online organisation Used For Sale Ebay Clickfunnels at this age. The moment that the value of a site counted on how aesthetically pleasing it is are long gone. It is all regarding being functional, meaningful, as well as leading the site visitors to the internet site to make an activity which makes money the business at the end of their searching trip. Inches and also Inches are 2 solutions that help mostly start-ups and also business owners to earn useful websites that in fact drive the sales. Both business have their own benefits and drawbacks, and also people have actually been debating on which site is better for a very long time. This post compares and contrasts both these solution in order to reach a last judgment about which solution is much better!
Inches I have actually remained in Digital Marketing for over a decade, and also I teach it at Penn State College. Clients come to me constantly seeking cutting-edge means to make their businesses function online. I would like to know how online sales tales like Mike Filsaime, Robert Kiyosaki, Tai Lopez as well as Grant Cardone handle to relocate so many different products on the net, with no troubles. They simply placed something online as well as it offers! It doesn't stop selling. So, I spent myself in a lot of research and unsurprisingly, discovered that software application lagged it all. These people never mind with web sites and investing a little lot of money on business structure, when they want to offer something details on the web.
If you require an easy web site that you can produce just the way you desire it with dragging and dropping functions into an empty canvas, this is the service for you. All the pages you make on the web site with the help of Inches provide priority to "leads" or the prospective customers that pertain to your site. The service integrates with e-mail service suppliers to support the visitors that pertain to your website and act in a manner that makes them a lead. This method, you will certainly not miss any one of the possible consumers who come to your site, which is incredibly essential in order to stay on top of the performance of transforming leads right into buyers ultimately.
Inchesdoes not need you to have any type of coding experience, develops pages with high converting possibility and gives you a big set of choices when it concerns the design aspect of the site.
In the battle of Inches, Inches surely take a lead when it concerns the user-friendliness of the service. Complying with are a few of the key attributes of the solution.
Clickfunnels is a full sales channel building contractor that does not just produce a site but a strategic means to funnel all the site visitors who come to your internet site. There is a terrific focus to information when it comes to the various layouts that Clickfunnels has since in some cases the point that transforms a lead into a customer could be a simple distinction in the landing web page.
Contrasting to Leadpages, Clickfunnels is a little a lot more intricate and also the homepage itself is largely content rich. The founders of Clickfunnels have focused not just on creating a great internet site for you yet likewise giving you sufficient knowledge and details to act as an educated company person/entrepreneur. The channel pages that you have is all about producing the perfect sales funnel.
When contrasting Inches, as a tool, Clickfunnels certainly provide you much more as you could plainly see. If you desire a much more intricate and also precise procedure that will tactically approach all your visitors and produce a high functioning sales funnel that will perform long-lasting to get you the best earnings, Clickfunnels is undoubtedly the method to go.


For all of us at PlayStation, it was so exciting to see the positive response from the community to last month's PlayStation Classic announcement. Today we are happy to reveal the entire lineup of the 20 games that come pre-loaded on the console when it launches in the U.S. and Canada on December 3.
PlayStation Classic offers these 20 amazing games, two controllers, and many hours of fun. If you haven't pre-ordered already, visit PlayStation.com for availability in your region.
Enough goodies to make you take the plunge? Unlike the Atari 2600 flashback systems, I don't think I would play enough of these to make it worth the $99.
Not many games on there that make it worth it I'm afraid and a few of the good ones I already own on PC.
Silent Hill<-- This one alone would have made it worth it.
Really thought for sure Twisted Metal 2 would have been the pick. TM1 didn't really blow the world up. And Persona 1 is definitely an odd one for the states. Maybe some weebs would be curious but it does not hold up well and it's extremely different from the later titles.
Yea, I agree that it is pretty much criminal that Silent Hill is missing.
The few snippets of "Rayman" and "Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo" show the difference between vector- and pixel-based games quite nicely. The former simply don't hold up after 20 years and 3 console generations, while you can still look at the latter without going blind. There are a bunch of interesting games here, but unless you're a historian, most are simply not worth replaying.
Great list! I'm looking forward to it!
You had me at Destruction Derby.
They had me at Intelligent Qube.
Scrounging eBay, you'd be paying nearly half the cost of the PS Classic for a complete version of this game by itself, in most cases.
This is a sad sad list.
You had me at Mr. Driller.
But actually.... not sure I can justify this.
Twisted Metal 2 would've swayed me more. Also as others have said Silent Hill.
Damn, I don't think I'll end up getting this after all. We'll see.
FWIW PSOne is one of the best-emulated consoles in existence, better even than SNES. Mednafen for PSOne is essentially perfect, some argue even more perfect than the real hardware (don't ask me to quantify that claim). Just throwing it out there, I know people are still going to buy it no matter what I say.
Fantastic list with a glaring omission: Castlevania Symphony of the Night. Are there other games I would prefer there, over some of the more niche titles? Of course! But SotN is one of the defining titles for the PSX, more so than Chrono Trigger was for the SNES.
Intelligent cube is F'ing awesome!
Shouldn't have preloaded games. Should include digital credit for 20 downloadable games of your choice. Make the damn system worthwhile for your fans, you idiots.
This just makes me want an Atari Flashback or a C64 mini that isn't mini. I would love a C64 with HDMI output and the full size C64 keyboard.
I like this idea, but not all of these titles are available in the US Playstation digital shop. Ideally, 20 preloaded games with the ability to legitimately add more would be perfect.
Considering Castlevania: Reqieum just came out four days ago...I'm guessing Konami didn't want to bundle one of their most-beloved titles for "free".
I still have my PS3 and it plays all these games. Plus anything else I want to play from that era.
It's a pass for me, but more power to those who like it.


Those with an adventurous spirit will enjoy Utah´s most unique dining experience. Follow a guide through snow covered evergreens on cross-country skis or snowshoes to this secluded Mongolian hut. Watch the chef prepare your four-course gourmet dinner. Reservations are required.


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Reviews A-Z by Author
Reviews A-Z by Book
Bloggers: Tour Sign Ups
Cover Reveal ~ The Debt by Karina Halle
By Karina Halle
Publisher: Metal Blonde Books
Her life changed in an instant.
And he's the only one who could have prevented it.
Jessica Charles shouldn't have even been in London when the unthinkable happened.
She should have been back at home in Edinburgh, perhaps hanging with her boyfriend, preparing the baby shower for her sister, or teaching her yoga classes. She should have been going on in her normal, dependable life as always.
But on that fateful day in August, when a mentally-ill ex-soldier opened fire in public, Jessica's world changed forever.
Now single and crippled from the gunshot wounds, Jessica finds herself scared and alone, losing faith in herself and humanity with each agonizing moment that passes.
That is until a stranger enters her life. A stranger who makes her live again.
Keir McGregor has always been the strong, silent type. Throw in tall, dark, and handsome and you've got pretty much the perfect Scotsman.
Except Keir is anything but perfect. He's got a past he's running away from and a guilty conscience he can't seem to shed. But the more time he spends with Jessica, the more he falls in love with her.
And the more his secret threatens to tear them apart.
He may have been a stranger to her.
But she's never been a stranger to him.
Add it to Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29096980-the-debt?ac=1&from_search=true
Pre-Order Links:
Amazon UK: http://amzn.to/1UuiA0j
Amazon US: http://amzn.to/24QfNjx
Karina Halle is a former travel writer and music journalist and The New York Times, Wall Street Journal and USA Today Bestselling author of The Pact, Racing the Sun, Sins & Needles and over 25 other wild and romantic reads. She lives on an island off the coast of British Columbia with her husband and her rescue pup, where she drinks a lot of wine, hikes a lot of trails and devours a lot of books.
Halle is represented by the Waxman Leavell Agency and is both self-published and published by Simon & Schuster and Hachette in North America and in the UK.
Hit her up on Instagram at @authorHalle, on Twitter at @MetalBlonde and on Facebook. You can also visit www.authorkarinahalle.com and sign up for the newsletter for news, excerpts, previews, private book signing sales and more.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Karina-Halle/140649372629593
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MetalBlonde
Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4785031.Karina_Halle?from_search=true
Amazon Author Page: http://www.amazon.com/Karina-Halle/e/B0050KE63C/ref=sr_tc_2_0?qid=1407546895&sr=8-2-ent
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80s Movie Deep Cut: 'Commando'
10/19/2017 by Corrye Van Caeseele-Cook
"Hey Jenny! I think I finally found a toothpick I can use!"
Long before Liam Neeson and Taken, there was Arnold Schwarzenegger and his own special set of skills in Commando.
There's a story in Hollywood that when Arnold Schwarzenegger was first starting out in the movie industry, he told his agent he was going to be the biggest movie star in the world. Not surprisingly, his agent scoffed at the idea. Here was an immigrant from Austria who possessed an incredibly think accent, so thick in fact that in his first movie Hercules in New York, all of Schwarzenegger's lines were dubbed over. Yes Arnold was famous in the bodybuilding world having won Mr. Universe several times and the success of Pumping Iron was due in large part to the Terminator-to-be, but he didn't possess the classic movie-star good looks, didn't come from money, and didn't exactly have the ear of Francis Ford Coppola or Woody Allen.
However, if you've followed the career of AH-NULD at all, you probably know that the best way to motivate him is to tell him he can't do something. Before long his iconic role in 1982's Conan the Barbarian would propel him into the limelight. This was followed up by Conan the Destroyer two years later and a little indie flick helmed by a young James Cameron called The Terminator. Despite his early successes however, at this stage in his career I don't think you could call Schwarzenegger a legit action star. All three films were genre pictures, not action films like Death Wish and Rambo.
Then came 1985's Commando.
In the years to come action hits like Predator, True Lies, Red Heat, and Total Recall would make the name Arnold Schwarzenegger synonymous with action pictures. However, it was director Mark. L. Lester's modestly budgeted ($10 million) testosterone fest that really got the dumbbell rolling for Arnie. It was his first all-out action movie, a film that held nothing back and I question whether or not this movie would be able to be made today.
So what makes Commando arguably the best action film of all-time? Well as El Guapo might say in The Three Amigos, a "plethora" of things.
Now you could probably file this statement under "obvious statements are obvious" however, everyone reading this knows that there are plenty of action films out there where the action is either non-existent or poor in the extreme. (Speed 2 anyone?) You can't say that about Commando. You want someone escaping from a plane taking off? Done. Gunfights in a mall? We got it. Taking out a Green Beret in a hotel room? Commando has you covered. AH-NULD attacking the main villain's compound BY HIMSELF with a rocket launcher? Your wish is Lester's command. Throw in dropping a guy off a cliff and impaling another dude with a steam pipe, and your quota of appropriate on-screen action is more than covered.
One thing you can say about screenwriter Steven E. de Souza, the dude knows action films. In addition to Commando, he penned the first two Die Hard films, 48 Hours, The Running Man, and Street Fighter. So just in case you're keeping score at home, that means his scripts were good enough to entice Schwarzenegger, Eddie Murphy, Bruce Willis, and Jean-Claude Van Damme. While the plot is simple–retired special forces guy has his daughter kidnapped and wages a one man war to get her back–it's executed perfectly. It's completely unpretentious, it's not trying to be anything more than it is, which is just a dynamic action film. Many films, especially nowadays, don't have a clear identity. Commando has a fully formed identity. Obviously a key element to any script is the dialogue. And speaking of dialogue….
THE ONE-LINERS
The one-liners. Holy shit the one-liners in this movie! In the hands of another actor they may have come off cheesy (to be fair they kind of are) but with Arnold at the helm, every damn one-liner lands with the grace of a Bald Eagle. How can you go wrong with lines like:
"Remember Sully remember when I promised to kill you last? I lied." (Arnie drops Sully off a cliff.)
"Let off some steam Bennett." (After impaling the main henchman of the film with a steam pipe.)
"I eat Green Berets for breakfast and I'm very hungry!" (Just before taking a dude out in a hotel room.)
"Don't disturb my friend, he's dead tired." (Right after breaking a bad guy's neck on an airplane and making it look like he's just sleeping.)
"I'll be back." Incidentally that last was only the second time Schwarzenegger said it in a film. These words would become his signature catch-phrase in the years to come.
Matrix and Jenny reacting to the idea of calling in backup.
THE VILLAINS
I should clarify. When I'm talking about the villains in Commando, I'm not referring Dan Hedaya, who plays the main villain Arius, a South American former dictator who wants Arnold's character John Matrix to kill a politician so Arius can lead a military coup. Hedaya is straight up awful in this role. He's completely miscast, sports an awful South American accent, and is as about as believable as a former dictator as Harry Knowles would be as the head of the Feminist Majority Foundation. Thankfully, he's not in it much.
No I'm speaking of Sully (David Patrick Kelly), Cooke (Bill Duke), and Bennett (Vernon Wells). Sully was the requisite funny guy, which I'm sure Col. John Matrix (Schwarzenegger) would agree with. After all he did promise that he'd kill Sully last because he was funny, one promise which he unfortunately didn't keep:
You have to give Sully credit though thinking he could even challenge the Austrian Oak. Either he was very brave or very stupid. Probably both. Cooke on the other hand, played by the peerless Bill Duke, was fearless going up against John Matrix. When he says, "This Green Beret is going to kick your ass!" he means it. Sadly Matrix was very hungry that day:
Lastly of course was Bennett. If you wanted someone to play a bad guy in the 1980s you called Vernon Wells. This guy's list of villainy includes classics like The Road Warrior, Weird Science, and Innerspace. From the creepy smile, to the wild eyes, the guy just exudes evil. His Bennett is a villain who possesses a real personal stake in taking down Matrix. John is his former mentor and when you confront your former mentor you….apparently wear a mesh shirt you got at the Blue Oyster from the Police Academy movies:
This ranks right up there with the coolest Arnie kills of all time.
Arnold Schwarzenegger as Colonel John Matrix
Certain action movies are so by-the-numbers and pat that you could plug-and-play any actor in the main role and it wouldn't make a difference. That's not the case with Commando. I can't think of anyone else playing this role except AH-NULD. He owns this part from start to finish, and somehow manages to maintain a perpetual sheen of sweat through the entire film. I mean his character's name alone. John Matrix?? Are you kidding me?? How fucking cool is that name?!!! He's a one man wrecking crew. Forget about exaggeration. Matrix's attack on Arius' compound at the end of the film is some Paul Bunyan, tall-tale, next level shit:
There's more slow motion in this scene than even Zack Snyder can handle. Seriously these guys die quicker at Matrix's hand than Sean Bean in an epic fantasy role. If John Matrix was a real person and we sent him after ISIS, they'd be WASWAS.
Commando is a testosterone-filled, non-stop, bloody, relentless, rocket launcher blast to the eye-sockets. Although some say it's a product of its time, I call it a timeless action classic, that still holds up 32 years later.
You can follow me on Twitter at @DarthGandalf1.
Category : Retrogeek
Tags : 80s action, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bill Duke, I LIED, Mark L. Lester, Steven E. de Souza, Vernon Wells
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One thought on "80s Movie Deep Cut: 'Commando'"
onemoronsview on 10/19/2017 at 9:32 am said:
Bravo good sir. Your best work yet. I give a perfect 36 Commando out of a possible 4.


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Reading: Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in The Nether...
Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in The Netherlands
Bas Agterberg
Nederlands Insituut voor Beeld en Geluid, Postbus 1060, 1200 BB, Hilversum, NL
The article analyses the changes in production and consumption in the audiovisual industry and the way the so-called 'ephemeral' commissioned productions are scarcely preserved. New technologies and the liberal economic policies and internationalisation changed the media landscape in the 1980s. Audiovisual companies created a broad range of products within the audiovisual industry. This also resulted in a democratisation of the use of media as well as new formats of programmes and distribution for commissioned productions. By looking at a specific company that recently handed over a collection to the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, challenges and issues of preserving video and digital and interactive audiovisual productions are discussed.
Keywords: ephemeral media, interactive content, commissioned audiovisual productions, video, Sound and Vision, audiovisual archive
How to Cite: Agterberg, B., 2014. Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in The Netherlands. VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture, 3(6), pp.49–57. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc069
At first sight a video of a Garden centre (Video 1), in which a comic scene is supposed to educate the staff about hospitality, is probably not what one would consider to be audiovisual heritage. This production is part of a recently acquired collection by the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision.
'Intratuin Momentje AUB' by Talmon TV.
Sound and Vision collects audiovisual productions of national interest. It functions as the archive of the Dutch public broadcasters, but its collection also consists of documentaries, company collections, scientific and educational films, radio, music as well as internet videos. Its aim is to have a representative collection of audiovisual material and to offer context information about the programmes produced in or about the Netherlands. This article looks at the development of commissioned audiovisual productions in the Netherlands since the 1980s. It discusses opportunities as well as challenges for an audiovisual archive like Sound and Vision to preserve video and digital born commissioned productions.
Sound and Vision was formed in 1997 by a merger of three archives and a broadcast museum. Its new building opened in 2006, giving access to over 750.000 hours of material for professionals, researchers and a museum, called 'The Experience,' for a general audience. Over the past 20 years the preservation has been professionalised and content is made accessible in many forms.
The diversity of collections at Sound and Vision is not only in content, but also in types of carriers. The changes in production and consumption of the audiovisual industry are only partly represented in the collections of national audiovisual archives such as Sound and Vision. To study changes in the production and distribution of audiovisual media, documents as well as the productions themselves are essential.
1 Ephemeral Productions
Commissioned productions can be considered ephemeral media forms. Paul Grainge describes the ephemeral as signifying a relation to time (duration, shortness, speed) and regimes of transmission (circulation, storage, value).1 Compared to film and television, types of media like amateur film, commercials or company videos are considered ephemeral. Their smaller visibility, lower cultural status and historical/archival marginalisation have resulted in little scholarly attention.2
Among ephemeral media, the amateur film has slowly but surely gained cultural status. It has been collected and found its way to local and national archives. Amateur video from the 80s and 90s is however absent from the vaults. Therefore Sound and Vision and the Council Archive of Rotterdam, and Groningen Audiovisual Archive started www.amateurfilmplatform in 2013. This platform does not only present material, people can also upload videos to add to the collection of archives involved. The case of the amateur film is similar to commissioned productions. Sound and Vision also campaigned to collect clips people shot with or about the Dutch Royal Family in Mijn band met oranje ('My Bond with The Royal Family'). These projects combine acquiring material with immediate presentation.
Screenshot Amauteurfilmplatform
2 Developments of Commissioned Film to Video
Within the audiovisual industry the commissioned productions have always been important. In the film era, until the 1980s there was only a small audiovisual industry in the Netherlands. However these films were screened in cinemas and discussed by newspapers. Internationally awarded documentaries like Glas ('Glass'). by Bert Haanstra, or 't schot is te boord ('Shoot the Nets'). by Herman van der Horst were commissioned films.3 In the Netherlands local archives, the EYE Film Institute and Sound and Vision have collections of commissioned films, or company collections from Philips, Unilever and DSM, for instance.
Between 1980 and 1990 the audiovisual industry in the Netherlands transformed from a film dominated medium into video. The lower cost of video production and distribution increased the demand of commissioned productions. The number of companies and audiovisual productions grew enormously.4 This process continued with the digitisation of production and distribution in the 90s and the new millennium.
With video production, screenings were no longer in cinemas and newspapers did not write about these videos. The target audience was reached in offices, schools, at home and, in the new millennium, increasingly online. Public screenings took place at specialised festivals or trade shows and audiovisual projects were discussed in trade magazines. Figures about the amount of money involved in the industry are only partly available, for instance for advertising.5
Films that Work6 is one of the few studies of the commissioned film, looking at the audiovisual sector in the celluloid era before the 80s. The change from celluloid to video in the Netherlands was studied by Bert Hogenkamp.7 He describes the ambivalence of the film industry, about the professional quality of video and the initiatives for community and educational and promotional use of the medium.8 These developments were also determined by the introduction of cable, satellite and digital media, which offered new ways for production and distribution.9
Video and laser disc on the cover of AV Magazine June 1981
3 Converging Culture in Commissioned Videos
Most production companies were able to combine multimedia forms like film, video or slide shows. The introduction of video can be considered as an important step in converged media in the way that Henry Jenkins describes it: convergence understood not only as a technological shift, but also as a change in the relationship between existing technologies, industries, markets, genres, and audiences.10 Thus the logic by which media industries operate as well as by which media consumers process news and entertainment were altered. The democratisation of the medium, available for all communities and not only professionals, results in new forms of interaction with its audiences.
The new technologies, the liberal economic policies and internationalisation changed the media landscape in the 1980s. Broadcasters increasingly worked with independent companies.11 These companies did not only produce television programmes, but covered a broader range of products within the audiovisual industry. Many companies, (local) government, schools and universities used audiovisual media for their own purposes. The new formats that video offered were for instance, a weekly company journal. Several banks created their own production unit that delivered a video to employees to watch together on Monday morning before the banks would open.12
4 Preservation Needs Institutionalization
The acquisition in the archive is based on standard procedures. The most dynamic collection for Sound and Vision is the broadcast material. Based on a government mandate and agreement, all content, about 8000 hours of television by public broadcasters is ingested automatically at Sound and Vision in a digital workflow since 2006. Other collections, analogue or digital, are offered by individuals (for instance producers or directors) or stakeholders (institutes or companies) and selected in procedures according to international standards by UNESCO and FIAT-IFTA.
It would be too simple to conclude that the lack of commissioned videos is due to the fact that archives like Sound and Vision do not acquire actively and that producers or companies involved do not offer the material to be preserved. In contrast to broadcasting, there is no institutional partnership with the industry. It does not mean that none of the commissioned productions are preserved. Larger companies do have a company archive in which audiovisual material is stored, like the (inter)national bank Rabobank that even digitised some material. All documents and products by the national government are archived via The National Archive, audiovisual material is stored at Sound and Vision.
Partnership between archives and producers is a step to institutionalisation, for instance with companies that are part of the trade organisation Directors of Media, originally founded in the 80s as the Vereniging Audiovisuele Producenten (Organisation of Audiovisual Producers). Another partnership to acquire material is with specialised festivals. A platform for commissioned film was established in 1972, the Foundation for Audiovisual Manifestations (SAM). In around 2000 the festival was renamed into Keying into the Brain. This festival focuses on all forms of audiovisual communication. Keying into the Brain awards 'Golden Herons' in eleven categories such as Film and video, Internet, Multimedia and location based Media. Sound and Vision hosted the last two festivals in 2011 and 2012. Acquiring the prize winning or nominated productions would be an opportunity for selecting a part of the annual production. A festival organised by volunteers has a risk of maintaining continuity, and that is why Keying into the Brain has not been organised since 2012. Furthermore an archive could just crawl the web for online productions. This offers opportunities to collect material, but often lacks the context information that is needed.
Restrictions in selecting and preserving are often the result of pragmatics. One problem is that commissioned productions are commercial, which is in contrast to the public funding of archives. Secondly there is no urgency due to the lack of demand by professionals, academics or the industry for reuse, research or presentation of these productions. The urgency for preserving video is primarily the risk of loss, due to the decay of the material. Thirdly the material itself makes preservation, cataloguing and digitisation time-consuming and expensive. Other issues involved are the variety of obsolete video formats, which can be the case within a small collection of one producer. This requires specific skills for archiving these productions. One of the reasons that there has been no cooperation with Keying into the Brain for collecting materials is the lack of resources.
A variety of video formats in the vaults of Sound and Vision
5 The Talmon Case
The Garden centre (Intratuin) video, which was mentioned and presented in the beginning of the article, is part of the collection of Talmon Online Storytelling. The company is an interesting case for discussing the problems and opportunities in collecting and preserving commissioned productions. The company director, Ab Talmon, felt the urgency to preserve some of the productions in 2011, when director and scriptwriter Henk Goossens retired after working at Talmon for 25 years. It happened after Talmon participated in a seminar on commissioned productions for the HERA project at the VU University in Amsterdam.
The company's history is representative of developments in the Dutch audiovisual industry. Ab Talmon started a production company, Total Video, in 1983. Like many video production companies at the time, it grew quickly. By 1990 it produced about 80 video's a year for large companies such as a national bank (Nederlandse Middenstands Bank, NMB) and Toyota Netherlands. At the time it offered production services as well as facilities like a studio, duplication and (post)production. The facilities and production were separated in two companies, and Talmon chose to run the production company. In the 90s the focus changed from video to digital, as Total Video was renamed into 'Talmon AV producties' in 1997 and later into 'Talmon Online Storytelling.'
Keying into the Brain festival leader.
The growth of the company with its online activities was similar to rapid video developments in the 80s. Having 40 employees, Talmon sold the company. Only a few months later it went bankrupt and Talmon bought back the company to continue as a small organization with just four employees.
The collection of Talmon consists of 31 productions on videotapes, CD ROMs and digital files. Information about these productions is gathered from brochures, scenarios and articles in trade magazines. Some of the productions were already acquired, for instance Say Cheese (2000), a promotion for the Netherlands aimed at young people. It reached millions of audiences worldwide, according to the commissioner, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.13 In comparison to the company journal for Intratuin, a project like Say cheese has production value, using animation and live action to address the youngsters.
For its variety of clients the company looked for many ways to attract audiences. Some evidence of new production or distribution methods is no longer in existence, for instance, videos for the 'Point of sale' network that was launched in 1984 for a large retailer, Blokker. Another example is a sponsored programme for the European television network Super Channel. This was made in 1988 for the fashion company Van Gils, before commercial television was introduced in the Netherlands. The programme was not only shown on television, but also in shops across 35 countries.14
Say Cheese! A Journey through Holland by Talmon TV
6 The Real Challenge for Preservation: Interactivity
Although archiving the linear videos poses practical or organisational problems, the real challenge for preservation is posed by the interactive video. Already in 1981 the AV Magazine, a periodical for the audiovisual industry in the Netherlands, headed 'the year of the laserdisc.'15 In the documentation on Talmon the first production mentioned is an interactive laser disc at the end of the 80's, commissioned by a pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, in cooperation with a software company and Sony. Unfortunately the laser disc is not in the Talmon collection. More recent productions include a CD ROM called Contact. One thousand calls a day (2002). It was made for the national police and is about the variety of calls that the police calling centre receives.
Just like the video player was a condition for the distribution of video, interactivity depended on the availability of computers. In 1990 about 30% of people in the Netherlands had access to a computer, this percentage increased to 50% in 1995 and to 70% in 2000.16 Gradually the CD ROM was replaced by the distribution through the Internet, which grew from 63% in 2002 to a 90% reach in 2009 in the Netherlands.17 Video carriers can be played if the machines are available, and scanned if the videotape still offers sound and vision. If CD ROMS are made playable, how can we preserve the content?
For archiving interactive content "the challenge is to think through the entire archiving procedure, from early acquisition all the way to a possible end-user experience several decades from now," says Jesse de Vos, who argues that cooperation between different heritage institutes, involving the user communities and developing new skills for archivists, is essential for preserving this type of material.18 These skills and workflows for preserving interactive content is a rapidly evolving area of research.19 Issues include the preservation of technological hardware and software like the operating system and web browser. It deals with processes like migration of digital file formats into newer ones, the emulation in which software mimics the original operating system and experience. Finally, it needs new forms of documentation about production, reception and use.20 Preservation of this material is more than ever related to accessibility.
For heritage institutions, the categorization of media is mostly based on linear formats. The interactive formats need a new categorization, which is difficult, partly because of the variety of categories ranging from e-books, audio files, games or software. Moreover in the convergence of media the productions are increasingly a combination of these categories.21 As John MacKenzie Owen claimed in 2007, "it is no longer possible to classify heritage materials in a limited number of distinct media, types and genres: in the digital world these exist in multiple and changing combinations."22
In terms of heritage one could argue there is no 'natural' partner for this interactive material. Audiovisual archives need to develop policies on the selection, preservation and presentation of interactive productions. These productions include new categories such as (online) games. Alternatively it's not audiovisual archives, but a new heritage institute that preserves interactive communication. Practising new policies depends on public funding.
Preserving ephemeral products calls for a rethinking of partners, processes and presentation. Archives need to work together in developing new skills and workflows. Academics could study the creative audiovisual industry as part of an integral media history.23 This will help to value the industry and develop methods for selecting, preserving and presenting these commissioned productions.
Bas Agterberg studied Film and Television at Utrecht University and Glasgow University. He was Assistant Professor at Utrecht University and film producer. Currently he is curator at the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, where he participates in research projects with universities, archives and academic networks. Results of these research projects are presented at (film) festivals, manifestations, seminars and exhibitions.
1 Paul Grainge in: Paul Grainge, eds, Ephemeral Media, BFI, 2011, p. 9↑
2 Idem, p. 10↑
3 Bert Hogenkamp, Documentaire 1945–1965, bloei van een genre, 2003, p. 97–101↑
4 Based on a survey by AV Magazine, June 1981.↑
5 For amounts spent in television and in commercials, see for instance the yearly publication Mediafeitenboekje, Carat.↑
6 Vinzenz Hediger, Patrick Vonderau, eds, Films that Work, Amsterdam University Press, 2009↑
7 HERA project Technology, Exchange and Flow http://trans-techresearch.net/tef/↑
8 Bert Hogenkamp, Video Ergo Sum, unpublished paper, European Social Science History Conference, Glasgow 2011↑
9 See for instance Bert Hogenkamp, Sonja de Leeuw, Huub Wijfjes, eds, Een eeuw van beeld en geluid, Beeld en Geluid, 2012, chapters 6 and 7 and Sonja de Leeuw in: 'TV Nations or Global Medium?' in: Jonathan Bignell and Andreas Fickers, eds, A European Television History, Wiley Blackwell, 2008, p. 129–134↑
10 Henry Jenkins, Media Convergence Culture, New York University Press, 2006, p. 15↑
11 Bert Hogenkamp, Sonja de Leeuw, Huub Wijfjes, eds, Eeuw van beeld en geluid, Beeld en Geluid, 2012, p. 250.↑
12 Bert Hogenkamp, video ergo sum, unpublished paper, European Social Science History Conference, Glasgow 2011↑
13 Interview by Linda Roos, intern at Sound and Vision, with Willem van der Linden, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 12 december 2012↑
14 Jos Waltmans, Interview Ab Talmon in Viewfinder, februari 1990, p. 16–17.↑
15 Chriet Titulaer, Het jaar van de beeldplaat, in AV Magazine 5, juni 1981 p. 16–19.↑
16 Frank Huysmans, eds, Achter de schermen, Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, 2004, p. 104↑
17 Frank Huysmans, Jos de Haan, Alle kanalen staan open, Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, 2010, p. 47↑
18 Jesse de Vos, Preserving interactives, research project Vrije Universiteit and Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, p.28. http://www.centrefordigitalhumanities.nl/files/2013/07/final-report-archiving-interactives-2013-1.pdf↑
19 Idem, p. 23↑
20 Idem, p. 23–28.↑
21 Idem, p. 10.↑
22 Cited in Jesse de Vos, p. 10.↑
23 See, for instance: Siegfried Zielinski, Audiovisions, Amsterdam University Press, 1999↑
Agterberg, B., 2014. Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in The Netherlands. VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture, 3(6), pp.49–57. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc069
Agterberg B. Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in The Netherlands. VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture. 2014;3(6):49–57. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc069
Agterberg, B. (2014). Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in The Netherlands. VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture, 3(6), 49–57. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc069
Agterberg B, 'Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in the Netherlands' (2014) 3 VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 49 DOI: http://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc069
Agterberg, Bas. 2014. "Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in the Netherlands". VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 3 (6): 49–57. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc069
Agterberg, Bas. "Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in the Netherlands". VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 3, no. 6 (2014): 49–57. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc069
Agterberg, B.. "Convergent Cultures: The Disappearance of Commissioned Audiovisual Productions in the Netherlands". VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture, vol. 3, no. 6, 2014, pp. 49–57. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2014.jethc069