text:
MacLaren and Forbes stake out a criminal transaction that becomes a shootout. MacLaren's team is directed to assist an older traveler team: the incident's survivors, whose leader, Rick Hall, reveals that the deal was the assigned transfer of a device with a Russian traveler team. MacLaren is shocked by the violence between teams and by Hall's jadedness. Hall's teammates, Carter and Luca, are both dying, but Marcy saves Luca by transfusing Carter's blood; Marcy suspects Luca is her brother due to his suffering from night terrors. Hall demands that he become the leader of a merged team, and demands MacLaren kill Forbes to prevent their exposure. MacLaren and Forbes arrest Hall and Luca, and the team transfers the device. Trevor quits football to focus on his grades, but is grounded. Ray demands more gambling information from Philip. Carly rebukes Jeff, who harasses Marcy. Carly and MacLaren sleep together.
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The Moroccan city has attracted an artistic crowd since the 1960s, when everyone from Yves Saint Laurent to Mick Jagger fell for its vibrant sensory landscape. Now the city's cultural scene is being reinvigorated, thanks to two landmark happenings in the world of art and design. First came last October's launch of the YSL Museum — a striking geometric building next to the Jardin Majorelle, which Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé, bought and restored in the 1980s. Then, in February, the 1:54 Contemporary African Art Fair will debut at the storied hotel La Mamounia. Marrakesh has had an art biennial since 2005 — the next is slated for 2020 — and the city is home to a number of well-regarded galleries. But the arrival of 1:54, which has editions in London and New York and draws names like Billie Zangewa and William Kentridge, is set to position the city as a hub for African art. There's also hotel news. Oberoi is poised to open its third African property here, a lakeside resort surrounded by citrus orchards. And Royal Mansour has added a 6,450-square-foot pool flanked by seven air-conditioned cabanas. —Flora Stubbs
In 1998, the Travelers Group merged with Citicorp to form Citigroup.[10] However, the synergies between the banking and insurance arms of the company did not work as well as planned, so Citigroup spun off Travelers Property and Casualty into a subsidiary company in 2002,[12] although it kept the red umbrella logo. Three years later, Citigroup sold Travelers Life & Annuity to MetLife.[13] In 2003, Travelers bought renewal rights for Royal & SunAlliance Personal Insurance and Commercial businesses.[14][15]
Vincent asks the team to stand down and let him finish what he has been planning. When the team refuses to comply, Vincent holds the lives of Kat, David, Jeffery, Ray, and Grace over them, and forces them to reveal themselves as Travelers to the world. The team must make the choice between breaking protocol and thus risking being overwritten by the Director, or doing what they must to save the ones they've grown to care about since their arrival in the 21st.
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In 2018, four unconnected people suddenly undergo personality changes at what would have been their moments of death: Marcy, a young, intellectually disabled woman, is assaulted but fights off her attackers and is no longer impaired; high-schooler Trevor concedes a mixed martial arts fight after being overmatched; heroin-addicted college student Philip drops his syringe just as his roommate injects a fatal overdose; and young mother Carly stares down her baby's abusive father. FBI agent MacLaren tracks their subsequent communication and confronts them; they reveal that they are among thousands of time travelers sent from the future to avert a global crisis, and that MacLaren was to die that night while pursuing a murderer they have already killed; MacLaren is taken over by a fifth traveler, who happens to be the team's leader.
Marcy erases Kat's memory of the crash and of the preceding day, and stages her home to make it appear as if she had drunk too much the night before. Philip removes MacLaren's car from the airport, but Forbes believes it is theft. Carly extracts Philip, while Forbes and Kat search for MacLaren. An advanced traveler medical team treats MacLaren with nanites to repair his massive internal damage. Trevor undergoes a painful procedure to grow a transplant heart for MacLaren. Unconscious, MacLaren experiences memories of his host's life with Kat. He discovers that they were deeply in love, and that she very much wanted to have children. She did not because MacLaren feared losing Kat after she suffered a life-threatening miscarriage. He also sees that they began to grow apart due to MacLaren's work commitments. MacLaren recovers in time to stage a cover story for Forbes, claiming that Philip is MacLaren's confidential informant and went rogue to prove that MacLaren's life is insecure. MacLaren returns home, and tries to apologize to Kat, but she avoids him.
Readings indicate that the seafloor off the French island's eastern shoreline is sinking at a rate of approximately 0.4 inches per month. — David Grossman, Popular Mechanics, "French Island Might Be Sitting On Top of Gigantic Underwater Magma Shift," 20 Mar. 2019 Video from the scene showed black smoke still rising from the island more than an hour after the crash. — Jeffrey Collins, Fox News, "New military jet crashes, pilot ejects in S Carolina," 28 Sep. 2018 The Cambridges reportedly embarked on their trip to Mustique, a private island in the Caribbean, in mid-July after a fan spotted them at an airport in St. Lucia. — Erica Gonzales, Harper's BAZAAR, "Prince William Is Back From Vacation with a Fresh Tan," 8 Aug. 2018 Both men saw their chance of the big time after Japanese forces attacked Shanghai's Chinese districts in 1937, leaving the international concessions as islands in a sea of panic and devastation. — The Economist, "A gripping tale of Sodom sliding towards its bloody end," 12 July 2018 Higgins arrived on the island from Nevada in March without much Spanish, but brought 40 years of management experience. — Fortune, "Puerto Rico's Bankrupt Utility Has No Leader After Pay Scandal," 12 July 2018 The heavily forested Prince of Wales Island near the southern tip of the Alaska Panhandle is the fourth-largest island in the U.S. — Time, "All 11 People on Board Survived Alaska Plane Crash, Coast Guard Says," 11 July 2018 This island is the homeland of jamu, a traditional system of health and beauty treatments based on botanical ingredients. — Jennifer Goldstein, Marie Claire, "How To Spice Up Your Skincare Routine," 18 Jan. 2019 The little island of 23 million people off China's coast is of great importance to Beijing. — Alex Ward, Vox, "Trump's China strategy is the most radical in decades — and it's failing," 18 Sep. 2018
A suicide bomber and his victims are set to become travelers, but the bomb explodes and only Donner, the bomber, survives. Devastated by his failure, Donner tries to betray the traveler program to the authorities, but the entire hearing is populated by travelers who hold a trial and convict Donner of treason. Donner is overwritten by a new traveler, who must serve Donner's prison sentence, and reports that things in the future are getting worse despite the changes enacted by Traveler teams in the 21st. Luca approaches Donner in prison, implying that he has lost faith in the Director. Ken, David's boss, believes David's relationship with Marcy is inappropriate. Upon meeting Marcy, he believes she has defrauded the system. Marcy saves David's job by repaying her benefits. Grace, Trevor's guidance counselor, and Jacqueline, Carly's social worker, genuinely care about them, respectively. Grace tries to help Trevor with his academics, and Jacqueline promises that she will not let the system fail Carly and her child. Philip discovers that gambling outcomes are deviating slightly from the historic record.
The Travelers Companies, Inc., commonly known as Travelers, is an American insurance company. It is the second largest writer of U.S. commercial property casualty insurance and the third largest writer of U.S. personal insurance through independent agents. Travelers is incorporated in Minnesota, with headquarters in New York City and its largest office in Hartford, Connecticut. Travelers also maintains a large office in St. Paul, Minnesota.[1] It has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since June 8, 2009.[3]


text:
Kyūtai (球体) is the ninth album by Mucc, released on March 4, 2009. Daisuke from Kagerou sings the chorus on "Hōkō". Tracks 3 and 10 were produced with Ken from L'Arc-en-Ciel. Miya's mother sings the chorus on the 7-minute song "Sanbika", as the song was written about the death of his grandmother. The album reached number 12 on the Oricon chart.

Track listing

Other editions
Edition A: album plus bonus DVD: Live performance at The Fillmore, Irving Plaza in New York
Edition B: album plus bonus DVD: Documentary footage

References

2009 albums
Mucc albums
Universal Music Japan albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
L'App Store (aussi connu sous le nom Mac App Store) est un magasin d'applications pour les applications macOS, créé et maintenu par Apple. Suivant le succès de l'App Store sur iOS, la plateforme est annoncée le  lors de l'événement « Back to the Mac ». Apple commence à accepter les demandes d'application de la part des  dès le  en vue du lancement de la plateforme.

Le Mac App Store a été lancé le , sous la forme d'une mise à jour 10.6.6, gratuite pour tous les utilisateurs tournant sous OS X Snow Leopard. 24 heures après sa sortie, Apple revendique que plus un million d'applications ont été téléchargées.

Le , Apple annonça qu'une nouvelle version de l'App Store serait incluse avec la mise à jour Mojave. Il n'a pas cessé d'être mis à jour avec les mise à jour du logiciel (macOS Monterey, MacOS Ventura)

Utilisation par Apple
Depuis l'ouverture du Mac App Store, Apple l'utilise pour promouvoir ses propres logiciels. Cette philosophie a été amplifiée depuis qu'OS X Lion, version sortie en juillet 2011, demeure la première version exclusivement vendue de façon digitale. C'est depuis la version Mountain Lion que les versions ultérieures sont uniquement téléchargeables sur le Mac App Store.

Histoire
Lancé le , le Mac App Store comprenait environ , dont les applications d'Apple comme iLife, Aperture, la suite iWork mais aussi des applications de développeurs tiers à l'instar de Angry Birds, Flight Control, Things et Twitter pour Mac.

Le , Phil Schiller, vice-président senior du marketing international d'Apple, a été désigné responsable de superviser le Mac App Store. Cette tâche était auparavant menée par Eddy Cue, vice-président senior des services et logiciels Internet.

Le , Apple annonce que la société n'accepterait plus les applications 32 bits sur le Mac App Store, quant aux applications 32 bits déjà présentes, elles doivent être mises à jour pour s'adapter à l'architecture 64 bits avant le .

L'App Store de MacOS connait un moindre succès que celui de iOS, qui lui a dépassé les 2 millions d'applications.

Notes et références

Magasin d'applications
Logiciel d'installation
MacOS


Kabbalist Lutas says the Earth Magic Circle is not yet complete. Ask him if there is anything you can help with meanwhile.
Kabbalist Lutas now wants to collect energy to repair the water and Balancing Magic Circles. Put down the Balancing Magic Stone and defeat nearby monsters to collect sea and earth energy.


New at beyerdynamic: The boundary microphone is ideal for miking percussion instruments. The microphone delivers an equally convincing performance on cajones and pianos.
The TG D71c convices with a high impulse fidelity, quick-responding attack, and a maximum sound pressure level of 148 dB. The condenser capsule of the TG D71c has a half-cardioid characteristic and enthrals with a powerful and natural sound, which also stays completely distortion-free even at high sound pressure levels.
The extremely rugged housing ensures optimum protection during use on stage. The compact design allows the microphone to be positioned easily in a bass drum without any additional accessories. The XLR connector has an integrated pre-amp, which is practical both on stage and in the studio.
With a slim and timeless design, it's both a technical and a visual highlight. A red, illuminating LED status displays the applied phantom power, as well as the operating status of the microphone. The microphone has a non-slip rubber bottom to ensure perfect hold. For longer installation on a surface, the microphone has a mounting device on the bottom.
Every TG D71c is hand-made in Germany with the greatest care. We place special emphasis on quality and only use high-class components and durable materials.
beyerdynamic will be presenting TG D71c for the first time from the 5th to 8th April 2016 at the Prolight + Sound in Frankfurt, Germany. (Hall 4.1, Stand D51).
The recommended retail price for the TG D71c is 249 EUR. The supplied M Bag storage case provides protection during transport.
The TG D71c will be available for purchase from selected retailers and at www.beyerdynamic.com starting April 2016.


text:
Q: Comparar elementos de un array y asignarle un signo menos si fuese menor que el numero anterior con con lenguaje php Intento comparar los elementos de un array, para luego verificando que el registro actual es menor que el anterior asignarle un signo "-" al mostrarlos en una tabla
Tengo mi array $arraydiferencia que contiene:
Array (
    [0] => 9.20
    [1] => 20.30
    [2] => 70.30
    [3] => 40.80
    [4] => 40.80
)

y mi código:
$anterior = null;

for ($i = 0; $i < count($arraydiferencia); $i++) {
    if ($anterior != null) {
        if ($arraydiferencia[$i] < $anterior) {
            echo '-'.$arraydiferencia[$i];
        }
    }
    $anterior = $arraydiferencia[$i];
}

con el código solo logro obtener:
-40.80
-40.80

que solo son los 2 últimos elementos del array y además no cumplen con lo que requiero obtener, ya que desearía obtener este siguiente resultado en la tabla:
9.20
20.30
70.30
-40.80
40.80

cuando la cantidad baja es este caso bajo de 70.30 a 40.80 y es el único caso donde la cifra baja, por tanto le asigno el signo "-".

A: Prueba con esto:
<?php

$arraydiferencia = [
    9.20,
    20.30,
    70.30,
    40.80,
    40.80
];

$anterior = null;
$salida = [];
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arraydiferencia); $i++) {
    if ($anterior != null) {
        if ($arraydiferencia[$i] < $anterior) {
            $salida[] = '-'.$arraydiferencia[$i];
        } else {
            $salida[] = $arraydiferencia[$i];
        }
    } else {
        $salida[] = $arraydiferencia[$i];
    }
    $anterior = $arraydiferencia[$i];
}
print_r($salida);

El resultado almacenado en $salida es un array con estos valores:
Array
(
    [0] => 9.2
    [1] => 20.3
    [2] => 70.3
    [3] => -40.8
    [4] => 40.8
)

Explicación:
Como pides que la salida contenga todos los datos, lo que tendrias que haber realizado desde el principio es almacenar el valor inicial, o el modificado con el símbolo - delante, en cada iteración del bucle en una variable de array, tal como he realizado en esta respuesta, usando la variable $salida que primero he inicializado antes del bucle.
O bien, si lo que quieres no es almacenarlo en una variable, sino mostrarlo en la salida, sencillamente cambia todos los $salida[] = por echo.

Edición:
Si te va lo friki y quieres poner todo este código en una linea con operadores ternarios y haciendo el echo directamente puedes hacerlo así:
$arrayDiferencia = [
    0 => 9.20,
    1 => 20.30,
    2 => 70.30,
    3 => 40.80,
    4 => 40.80,
];

$anterior = null;
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arraydiferencia); $i++) {
    echo ($anterior != null) ? ($arraydiferencia[$i] < $anterior) ? '-'.$arraydiferencia[$i]."\n" : $arraydiferencia[$i]."\n" : $arraydiferencia[$i]."\n";
    $anterior = $arraydiferencia[$i];
}

Esto te devolverá:
9.2
20.3
70.3
-40.8
40.8

Aunque desde mi punto de vista se entiende mucho peor.

A: Buen día,
En tu código estas haciendo echo  únicamente cuando el valor anterior es mayor que el valor actual y conviertes el valor actual a negativo pero no haces echo para el caso contrario (Cuando el valor actual es mayor que el anterior).
Otro consejo: cuando crees variables como $arraydiferencia es aconsejable hacerlo de una de las siguientes formas $arrayDiferencia (CamelCase, es decir, escribir con mayúscula la primera letra de diferentes palabras) o $array_diferencia (Underscore, es decir, poner un guión bajo entre diferentes palabras). Esto ayuda a la lectura rápida de tu código
Modifiqué un poco tu código porque en lo personal cuando uso if que solo son de una línea prefiero no escribir los corchetes {} para que se vea más compacto
También agregué "\n a cada echo para que cree un salto de línea
Y si en tu caso el primer valor siempre va a ser positivo podrías iniciar el for en 1
<?php
$arrayDiferencia = [
    0 => 9.20,
    1 => 20.30,
    2 => 70.30,
    3 => 40.80,
    4 => 40.80,
];

$anterior = null;

for ($i = 1; $i < count($arrayDiferencia); $i++) {
    if ($anterior == null) echo $arrayDiferencia[0] . "\n";
    $anterior = $arrayDiferencia[$i - 1];
    if ($arrayDiferencia[$i] < $anterior) echo '-'.$arrayDiferencia[$i] . "\n";
    else echo $arrayDiferencia[$i] . "\n";
}
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Paper - Placental circulation
Ramsey EM. Placental Circulation. (1972) MCV Quarterly, 8(1): 61-68.
This historic 1972 paper by Ramsey (17 February 1906 - 2 July 1993) describes development of the placental circulation. She published extensively on placental and embryonic development and this paper uses both human and monkey placentas from the Carnegie Collection. Dr. Ramsey discovered the "Yale" embryo and was a member of the Carnegie Institute's embryology department research group from 1932 to 1971 when she retired. In addition to her research articles she published 2 books "The Placenta of Laboratory Animals and Man" (1975) and "Placental Vasculature and Circulation" (1982).
Search PubMed: Author - Ramsey EM
See also Longo LD & Meschia G. (2000). Elizabeth M. Ramsey and the evolution of ideas of uteroplacental blood flow and placental gas exchange. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. , 90, 129-33. PMID: 10825630
Modern Notes: monkey
Placenta Links: placenta | Lecture - Placenta | Lecture Movie | Practical - Placenta | implantation | placental villi | trophoblast | maternal decidua | uterus | endocrine placenta | placental cord | placental membranes | placenta abnormalities | ectopic pregnancy | Stage 13 | Stage 22 | placenta histology | placenta vascular | blood vessel | cord stem cells | 2013 Meeting Presentation | Placenta Terms | Category:Placenta
Historic Embryology - Placenta
1883 Embryonic Membranes | 1907 Development Atlas | 1909 | 1910 Textbook | 1917 Textbook | 1921 Textbook | 1921 Foetal Membranes |1921 human | 1921 Pig implantation | 1922 Single placental artery | 1923 Placenta Review | 1939 umbilical cord | 1943 human and monkey | 1944 chorionic villus and decidua parietalis | 1946 placenta ageing | 1960 monkey | 1972 Placental circulation | Historic Disclaimer
Placental Circulation
Elizabeth M. Ramsey, M.D. (1906-1993)
Elizabeth M. Ramsey, M.D.
Visiting Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia
School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
Presented at the 43rd Annual McGuire Lecture Series, December 3, 1971, at the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond.
One of the most important developments of recent years in the field of uterine physiology has been the recognition that the endometrial changes occurring during the menstrual cycle and those associated with pregnancy are interlocking, sequential events in an ordered progression from the first day of the cycle to parturition—and not separate phenomena as was formerly believed. No component of the endometrium illustrates this progression more strikingly than does the vasculature.
Much of the story of uterine vascular pattern and circulatory mechanism is based upon studies in the rhesus monkey, employing in vivo techniques inapplicable to clinical patients. (These studies were carried out in the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington at Baltimore.) Subsequent checking of the monkey findings against their human counterparts, in operative and necropsy specimens, etc., has shown the monkey to be a valid experimental model with reproductive system anatomy and physiology closely similar to the human (Ramsey and Harris, 1966).
Following the menstrual slough the vasculature regenerates pari passu with the endometrial stroma and glands (Fig. 1). Initially a long capillary network forms between the stumps of spiral arteries in the basalis and the epithelial surface. Subsequently, muscular and elastic layers forming around the capillaries transform them into true arteries. It may be noted parenthetically that this is a more accurate description than the familiar statement that "spiral arteries grow toward the endometrial surface." A rich capillary bed remains in the immediately subepithelial layer and connects the arteries with veins which run perpendicularly toward the myometrium.
Although the follicular phase of the cycle is frequently referred to as the "growth phase," growth of spiral arteries continues unabated during the corpus luteum phase and even further on, as we will see. Indeed, vascular growth during the lutein phase outstrips stromal growth, so that the increasing length of the arteries must be accomodated within the endometrium by ever increasing coiling (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Camera lucida drawings of the vascular bed at three stages of the menstrual cycle in the rhesus monkey. Left. postmenstrual; Center. postovulatory; Right. late secretory. Myometrium stippled. (Reprinted with permission from Bartelmez. Contrib. Embryol. 361153-182, 1957.)
The implanting ovum achieves its first contact with the maternal blood supply when the penetrating trophoblast both taps and engulfs capillaries of the subepithelial network (Fig. 2), permitting maternal blood to seep, under very low pressure, into the lacunae of the trophoblastic shell. With progressive penetration by trophoblast, the terminal tips of spiral arteries are opened up and maternal arterial blood flows into the shell. This meanwhile has itself been enlarged and transformed by the development of chorionic villi (Fig. 3). It is around the villi, in the inter-villous space, that the maternal blood now flows and from now on we may speak of a placenta and placental circulation. Reconstructions of representative uteroplacental arteries, both human and monkey, at comparable stages of gestation (Fig. 4), show that there is very little qualitative change in growth pattern during the first weeks after implantation (Harris and Ramsey, 1966; Ramsey, 1949). The coiling of the arteries continues and there is just a slight indication of a new process at the arterial tips where trophoblast is beginning to replace normal wall structure. Soon however a change does become manifest. Arterial elongation (as determined by careful micromeasurements) is continuing, but the thickness of the endometrium is being diminished as the result of trophoblastic erosion combined with pressure of the overlying conceptus. Thus, the previously vertical arterial stems are diverted toward the margins of the implantation site, an increasingly sharp angulation developing. With the continuation of these processes in succeeding weeks, the increased coiling of the artery is no longer suflicient to effect its accomodation in the thinned endometrium, so back and forth and lateral looping is added. A terminal dilatation of the artery develops proximal to its point of entry into the intervillous space.
Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of an early human implantation. (a) trophoblastic lacunae; (b) maternal capillaries. Carnegie Collection 8004, 7th day of pregnancy, section 11-4-4. (Reprinted with permission from Hertig and Rock. Contrib. Embryol. 31: 65-84, 1945.)
At about mid-pregnancy when, as Reynolds has shown (Reynolds, 1947), the enlargement of the uterus by growth of its parts gives place to enlargement by stretching, the coils of the arteries are "paid out," as coils of rope on the deck of a ship are paid out when the space between ship and anchorage is increased. The coils are more fully smoothed away in the monkey than in man, probably because monkey endometrium undergoes the greater stretching.
Fig. 3. Photomicrograph of a portion of a monkey placenta in situ. Chorionic plate above; entrance of an endometrial spiral artery into the intervillous space at the left. Carnegie Collection C-477, 29th day of pregnancy, section 47b.
The terminal dilatations of arteries communicating with the intervillous space appear to be the result of the weakening of the vessel wall brought about by replacement of muscle and elastic tissue by trophoblast. Appearing first as an intraluminal accumulation (Fig. 5a), the trophoblastic cells gradually invade and replace the vessel wall (Fig. 5b). The invasion is earlier in the monkey and baboon than in the human, but it is deeper and more extensive in the latter. Human cytotrophoblast penetrates the endometrial stroma as well as entering the arterial lumen and invasion of the wall proceeds from without as well as from within (Fig. 6). The more drastic elimination of normal vascular wall resistance in man doubtless occasions the larger and more persistent terminal dilatations of human uteroplacental arteries. A further result of greater trophoblastic activity in the human is the erosion of arteries all the way to the midendometrium where branches arise from the main spiral stems. These branches then communicate with the intervillous space which explains why there is a proportionately greater number of arterial entries in humans than in monkeys. Upon occasion the trophoblastic action, in contrary fashion, may cause occlusion of branches or even main arterial stems.
Venous drainage, at all stages of the reproductive cycle, is a less dynamic aflair than arterial inflow. The basic venous pattern in the endometrium is a grid with dilatations into venous lakes at the junction of vertical and lateral limbs. These relationships continue into pregnancy with certain of the vertical channels increasingly distended as they are required to accommodate the ever increasing volume of placental blood. Other channels are passively obliterated by external compression.
On the physiological side there is again continuity between prepregnant and pregnant states. From the standpoint of circulation, this is most apparent in the persistence of an intrinsic contractile potential in the spiral arteries. This is manifested during the menstrual cycle by isolated contractions at the myoendometrial junction which produce ischemia leading to foci of endometrial necrosis and slough (Bartelmez, 1957), and in pregnancy by intermittency of flow through individual spiral arteries into the intervillous space (Martin, McGaughey, et al, 1964).
The opposite number to uteroplacental circulation is of course fetoplacental circulation. Propelled by the vis a tergo of fetal blood pressure, fetal blood courses through the umbilical arteries into the subdivisions which run laterally through the chorionic plate. Finally, the vessels dip into the substance of the placenta and travel through the arborizations of the fetal villous tree. -They proceed in comparable subdivisions to the terminal villi. There the fetal capillary bed, coming into its closest proximity to maternal blood in the intervillous space, forms the ultimate area of matemalfetal exchange. Oxygenated blood returns via vessels running through the same villous stems to the umbilical vein and thence to the fetal body (Martin and Ramsey, 1970).
The mechanism of 'circulation within the placenta, first hypothesized upon the basis of anatomical data, has been established by radioangiographic studies (Donner, et al, 1963). Especially with cineradioangiography, it is possible to visualize directly the inflow of arterial blood to the intervillous space (Fig. 7),. its circulation through the space, and finally its drainage back to uterine veins.
Maternal Placental Artery Remodelling
GA 8 weeks GA 16 weeks GA 20 weeks GA 32 weeks term
Fig. 4. Diagrammatic representations of the course andlconfiguration of the uteroplacental arteries in the rhesus monkey and man, at comparable stages of gestation. (Reprinted with permission from Harris and Ramsey. Contrib. Embryol. 38: 43-58, 1566.)
The propulsive force throughout is the head of maternal blood pressure which drives blood into the intervillous space in discreet, fountain-like "spurts." The incoming blood wafts aside the villi surrounding the orifices of entry, but once the propulsive force is reduced, in part by the, baffle action of the villi, the blood disperses laterally crowding the existing content of blood through the venous orifices in the basal plate into the uterine drainage channels (Fig. 8). During uterine contractions both inflow and outflow cease, in whole or in part, depending upon the strength of the contraction (Ramsey, Martin, McGaughey, et al, 1966). The volume of the placental pool, however, is maintained. That is to say, the old concept that "contractions squeeze the placenta like a sponge" is incorrect; rather blood is trapped in the placenta during contractions.
Fig. 5a. Photomicrograph of uteroplacental arteries in the monkey illustrating early accumulation of trophoblast within the lumen of the artery. Carnegie Collection C-477, 29th day of pregnancy. (Reprinted with permission from Wislocki and Streeter.' Contrib. Embryol. 27:1—66, 1933;.)
Fig. 5b. Photomicrograph of uteroplacental arteries in monkey illustrating subsequent replacement of the" arterial wall without trophoblastic penetration of stroma. Carnegie Collection C-629, 53rd day of pregnancy. (Reprinted with permission from Ramsey. Contrib. Embryol. 33:l13—147, 1949.)
Radioangiography of the fetal side of placental circulation (Martin, Ramsey, and Donner, 1966) shows the progress of blood from the fetal body into the capillary network of the fetal cotyledons and back via the umbilical vein. Double injection of a radiopaque medium (Ramsey, Martin, and Donner, 1967 ), that is, into fetal and maternal circulations in rapid succession, permits visualization of the 1:1 relationship" between maternal spiral arteries and fetal cotyledons (Fig. 9).
Fig. 6. Photomicrograph of a human uteroplacental artery showing replacement of wall and penetration of stroma by trophoblast. Carnegie Collection 10117, 85th day of pregnancy. (Reprinted with permission from Ramsey. Prenatal Life. Wayne State University Press, 1970, pp. 37-53.)
Two points of clinical interest emerge from the foregoing. The first is that placental circulation ceases during strong contractions. That this may present the fetus with periods of anoxia is clear and should contractions be unduly prolonged, as the result of pathology or medication, it could indeed be critical. Second, and somewhat mitigating the implied threat of the cessation of flow, is the fact that the pool of placental blood is preserved throughout. Thus, under normal conditions, continued maternal-fetal exchange is made possible.
And that exchange, of course, is the whole purpose of the long and elaborate procession of vascular changes from Day 1 of the menstrual cycle to parturition.
Fig. 7. Photographs of X rays made at 2, 3, and 7% seconds respectively after injection of contrast material into a femoral artery of a monkey. (R.a.) renal artery; (S.a.) endometrial spiral artery;—>"spurts" into intervillous space. Carnegie Collection Monkey 60/14, 100th day of pregnancy. (Reprinted with permission from Ramsey, er al. Montanino Editore, Napoli. ll: 1779-1784, 1962.)
Fig. 8. Composite drawing of the primate placenta to show its structure and circulation. (Drawing by Ranice Davis Crosby for E. M. Ramsey. Courtesy of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.)
Fig. 9. Spot films made during a combined fetal and maternal injection study. (A) taken 3 seconds after injection of contrast material into the fetal circulation; (B) taken 2 seconds after immediately subsequent maternal injection. (FC) fetal cotyledon; (SA) endometrial spiral artery;—>"spurts" into the intervillous space. Carnegie Collection Monkey 65/80, 152nd day of pregnancy. (Reprinted with permission from Ramsey, et al. Am. J. Obstet. Gyrtec. 98: 419-423, 1967.)
Bartelmez GW. The form and the functions of the uterine blood vessels in the rhesus monkey. (1957) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 36:153—182.
BARTELMEZ, G. W. The form and the functions of the uterine blood vessels in the rhesus monkey. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Contrib. Embryol. 36:153—182, 1957.
DONNER, M. W., RAMSEY, E. M., AND CORNER, G. W., JR. Maternal circulation in the placenta of the rhesus monkey; A radioangiographic study. Amer. J. Radiol. and Roentgen. Therapy. 901638-649, 1963.
Harris JWS. and Ramsey EM. The morphology of human uteroplacental vasculature. (1966) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 625, 38: 43-58.
Hertig AT. and Rock J. Two human ova of the pre-villous stage, having a developmental age of about seven and nine days respectively. (1945) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 557, 31: 65-84.
MARTIN, C. B., JR., MCGAUGHEY, H. S., JR., KAISER, I. H., DONNER, M. W., AND RAMSEY, E. M. Intermittent functioning of the uteroplacental arteries. Am. J. Obstet, Gynec. 90:8l9—823, 1964.
MARTIN, C. B., JR. AND RAMSEY, E. M. Gross anatomy of the placenta of rhesus monkeys. Obstet. Gynecol 36:167 177, 1970.
MARTIN, C. B., JR., RAMSEY, E. M., AND DONNER, M. W. The fetal placental circulation in rhesus monkeys demonstrated by radioangiography. Am. J. Obstet. Gynec. 95:943947, 1966.
RAMSEY, E. M. The vascular pattern of the endometrium of the pregnant rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Carnegie Inst. Wash., Contrib. Embryol. 33:113—147, 1949.
RAMSEY, E. M. Placental circulation in rhesus and man. Prenatal Life. Proceedings of the Third Annual Symposium on the Physiology and Pathology of Human Reproduction. Harold C. Mack (ed.). Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 1970, pp. 37-53.
RAMSEY, E. M., CORNER, G. W., JR., DONNER, M. W., AND STRAN, H. M. Visualization of maternal circulation in the monkey placenta by radioangiography. Scritti in onore del Prof. Giuseppe Tesauro nel XXV anno del Suo insegnamento. Montanino Editore, Napoli. II:1779—1784, 1962. 68
RAMSEY, E. M. AND HARRIS, J. W. S. Comparison of uteroplacental vasculature and circulation in the rhesus monkey and man. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Contrib. Embryol. 38:59 70, 1966.
Ramsey EM, Martin CB & Donner MW. (1967). Fetal and maternal placental circulations. Simultaneous visualization in monkeys by radiography. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , 98, 419-23. PMID: 4986963
Ramsey EM, Martin CB, McGaughey HS, Kaiser IH & Donner MW. (1966). Venous drainage of the placenta in rhesus monkeys: radiographic studies. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , 95, 948-55. PMID: 4958128
REYNOLDS SR. (1947). Uterine accommodation of the products of conception; physiologic considerations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , 53, 901-13. PMID: 20247845
Wislocki GB. and Streeter GL. On the placentation of the macaque (Macaca mulatta), from the time of implantation until the formation of the definitive placenta.. (1938) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 721-66.
© VCU. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is required.
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2020, January 22) Embryology Paper - Placental circulation. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Paper_-_Placental_circulation
Retrieved from 'https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_Placental_circulation&oldid=381624'
Carnegie Collection
Carnegie Embryo 8004

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A recent thread about the Befunge programming language inspired me to design another language, similar but with quite different ideology.
The main similarity to Befunge is the instruction flow on the two-dimensional characters plane. However, as opposed to Befunge, this language is register-based, and generally a bit inspired by the architecture of processors like x86 family. Also there are no input and output instructions - as the character plane serves similar role to memory in x86 system, you can use some parts of it to present the output, a bit like you'd be writing to video memory. Well, since this memory is two-dimensional, you could even try some drawing on it. The intepreter displays the contents of character plane in real time, thus you may see everything that happens there at any moment.
Because of it being inspired by both *Funge languages and x86 architecture, I first thought of naming it like Funge-86. However, as this reminded me of year 1986, when a few truly moving events took place, I decided to choose a name after one of those events, which is - in my feeling - less remembered that others, though I recall it clearly that I was watching it happening on TV when I was a small child. So to honor the crew of the space shuttle that disintegrated in 1986, I named this language Challenger.
Each memory cell is a 32-bit signed value, presented as Unicode character. (This causes some problem with current implementation, because I've discovered that even with fixed pitch font in Windows not every character has the same width - if someone has a good idea how to correct this, please let me know).
The program is loaded from UTF-8 text file and initializes this way some area on plane. The plane will be explanded in any direction when needed.
There are two main pointers operated by Challenger machine, the instruction pointer (IP) and data pointer (DP). The pointer not only determines the character cell on the plane, but also the direction of movement. The direction of IP is always specified directly, while direction of DP is always specified as rotation of the previous one. Both the IP and DP begin in the left upper corner of program code, with direction of moving right. Apart from this pointers, the machine has just one register, accumulator (A), which is used to perform the arithmetic operations and condition testing.
>    Set IP direction to "right"
<    Set IP direction to "left"
^    Set IP direction to "up"
v    Set IP direction to "down"
I suggest to simply download the interpreter and trace this program step by step to see how the things work. You should get the general idea on what this language is like.
This string has to end with dot.
The self-modifying code is the only way to do it with this basic set of instructions.
Thus, to make things at least a tiny little bit easier, I decided to add additional pointer and a few instructions operating on it. It's the stack pointer (SP), therefore you operate on it with "push" and "pop" instructions.
If you want, you may also try implementing your own additional instructions - I think it's quite easy to extend the interpreter I've written.
Both the 0 and 32 (space) are NOP instructions.
The uninitialized parts of plane are filled with 0 values.
The initial value of accumulator is 0.
There are no absolute coordinates in this language - everything is relative. For the data and stack pointers even the directions are relative.
The interpreter displays the pointers with a tiny arrows - the instruction pointer is green, data pointer is red, stack pointer is yellow.
Note that the instruction pointer wraps when it reaches the end of initialized part of the plane.
There are two exceptions that may happen - division by zero and invalid opcode. The interpreted halts when any of them happen and the machine cannot be resumed from such state. You can utilize it to end your program if you'd like to.
Maybe I should also add some option to recognize the Pure Challenger and Framed Challenger programs?
The execution at maximum speed is still a bit slow - that's because of the constant refreshing of windows. Without the Windows bloat it would be much faster, but you wouldn't be able to see what's going on.
As this is a very fresh idea, I may still make some modifications to the language. Though I will perhaps try to leave it compatible with the program written so far.
At first I forgot about trampoline, and it's a nice thing to have.
As for the trap, you may use it to stop your program.
I didn't need to use it so far, but I think it may come in handy sometimes.
This makes me think that it could be interesting to allow multi-threading on such plane. You could even get some programs competiting for areas. Reminds me a fascinating text about Tierran Mutants I once read.
Very good Tomasz, but I think you need an instruction to end the scripts execution.
Also the Core Wars did this.
No, I don't. Does the x86 CPU has any instruction to "end the execution"? Well, you can halt the Challenger machine with an exception anyway (as I wrote in the notes above) if you really wish to.
If you read that page I linked to (and I strongly recommend it, it's really an interesting one) you're going to find Core Wars mentioned, too.
Does the x86 CPU has any instruction to "end the execution"?
Well it kind of does, a triple fault can be invoked with 'int3' (once other conditions have been properly applied of course).
So, as you see, choosing exception to be the only way to halt the Challanger machine was not a half-baked decision.
[*] The | and _ commands work exactly the opposite way as the same commands in Befunge. I felt that this variant is better.
I suspect a typo, but I am easily confu^H^H^H^H^H Befunged without trying it first.
Oh, you're right. I misread the Befunge docs.
But that's good, so I'm not that different still.
Very good work, Tomasz. I liked especially the idea of the visualisation of the interpreting process (this interpreter becomes also some kind of Challenger debugger that way ).
As it was said already, optional "stop" instruction would be a good idea (it would be even necessary for some scripts).
Maybe it would be better to integrate Challenger plane with the Challenger controller (all controls in one window)?
Accordingly to the characters alignment: you could divide Challenger plane into square cells (maybe show even the grid lines?) and center every character horizontally inside them.
Addition of the (optional) "tick" sound signal for every interpreter step would be an advantage.
Just generate an exception. However I may want to define some guaranteed character for this, like "trap" instruction.
You mean, like with toolbar? I've chosen this separate "palette-like" window, because I like the ability to move it anywhere independently.
But this would make drawing extremely slow, as I would need a separate TextOut for each character.
Adding it to may TODO list.
I've just got another (maybe crazy ) idea: you really don't need to draw anything. You can store all used characters as predefined icons (for example 32 x 32 in dimensions) and place them dynamically in the proper coordinates of the Challenger plane. It should be much faster than use of 'TextOut' function (you can just exchange pointers to the proper icons when needed).
I was thinking about it, but generating 65536 icons at program startup would take some noticeable time. (BTW, do you know if it's possible in Windows to draw Unicode characters with codes larger than 10000h?).
Anyway, I used a separate TextOut for each character, however combined with checking, whether the character is inside an update region, and not issue TextOut at all if it's not. I got a decent speed this way, and got rid of the problem with variable widths aswell.
I edited first post with the new version of interpreter. It also add a two new instructions (including a "trap", so you now have some "official" exception for program termination ).
Tomasz Grysztar: Perhaps you can consider disabling smilies in code sections? Your code in the first post is broken because of the smilies.
Hmm, right, so it seems I just discovered another bug in phpBB - when I use attachment panel to upload a new version of attachment, the smilies are "magically" re-enabled.
Perhaps make it a forum wide thing. I don't think any code section needs smilies enabled (except for some posts in the "test" section of course).
One more instruction, adding of which I consider, is the one that would exchange the DP with SP. What do you think?
Reminds me a fascinating text about Tierran Mutants I once read.
Very interesting article. Truly fascinating, especially the part about Tierra. Thanks for sharing.


1. Beware upper/lower case letter in many cases they can change meanings.
2. Try to move prefixes out of the denominator of the units.
3. Use a slash or exponents.
4. Use a dot in compound units.
5. Use spaces to divide digits when there are more than 5 figures, commas are avoided because their use is equivalent to decimal points in some cultures.
• In some cases units are non-standard. There are two major variations US units are marked with 'US' and Imperial units are marked with 'IMP'.


UNITED striker Wayne Rooney has named Ronaldinho as the best player in the world ahead of the World Cup in Germany.
The Brazil forward topped off a mesmerising performance against Chelsea in the Champions League with a stunning goal for Barcelona and is one of the most talked-about players in the game.
Now Rooney has added his name to the long list of admirers.
"Probably the best all round player in the world is Ronaldinho. You see him do things and you don't know how he does it," Rooney told Sky Sports News.
"But also the likes of Thierry Henry, Andriy Shevchenko, Ronaldo, Ruud (van Nistelrooy), they are all top players. You try and learn and pick up things from them."
The 20-year-old is in his second season with Manchester United following his switch from boyhood heroes Everton and it is a move which has only benefited the player.
"No disrespect to Everton but every day I'm playing with better players and it's great because I'm still learning.
"I'm learning every day and I just want to play football, I love football, and winning things as well. That is the most important thing.
"But I'm enjoying my football and hopefully that will continue."
Rooney was also fulsome in his praise of manager Sir Alex Ferguson and admitted the Scot's track record of developing youngsters like Ryan Giggs, Paul Scholes and David Beckham had been part of the lure of Old Trafford.
"Sir Alex is one of the best, if not the best, managers that has been around.
"You look at the medals and the trophies he has won. It's unbelievable. I want to be a part of that and hopefully add a few more medals to it."
Rooney, who will be carrying a huge weight of expectation at the World Cup finals in Germany, found himself quickly launched into the spotlight when he exploded on to the scene as a teenager.
When asked how he coped, Rooney said: "I just knew I had to learn. A lot of people are looking to bring you down and a lot of people are looking to help you.
"You just have to be careful of things and live your life normally and that's what I try to do.
Where does Ronaldinho rank among the game's all-time greats? Have your say.


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Acknowledging the work & contribution of Women Architects & Interior Designers -Global and Indian perspectives
By : wadeindia | 01 Feb 2017 | TRENDING WADe TOPICS 0 0
HISTORY & PERSPECTIVE Global in Architecture
Women have come a long way from where they had started in Architecture & Design. Among the early examples are the two European women playing an important part in architecture, designing & defining the development of buildings under construction.
In France, Katherine Briçonnet (ca. 1494–1526) was influential in designing the Château de Chenonceau in the Loire Valley, supervising the construction work between 1513 and 1521 and taking important architectural decisions while her husband was away fighting in the Italian wars.
In Britain, there is evidence that Lady ELizaBeth WiLBraham (1632–1705) studied the work of the Dutch architect Pieter Post as well as that of Palladio in Veneto, Italy, and the Stadtresidenz at Landshut, Germany. She has been put forward as the architect of Wotton House in Buckinghamshire and of many other buildings. It has also been suggested that she tutored Sir Christopher Wren. Wilbraham had to use male architects to supervise the construction work. There is now much research including that by John Millar to show she may have designed up to 400 buildings including 18 London churches previously attributed to her pupil Sir Christopher Wren.
Towards the end of the 18th century, another Englishwoman, Mary Townley (1753–1839), tutored by the artist Sir Joshua Reynolds, designed several buildings in Ramsgate in south-eastern England including Townley House which is considered to be an architectural gem. The daughter of a French-Canadian carriage maker, mother Joseph Pariseau (1823–1902) was not just one of the very earliest female architects in North America but a pioneer in the architecture of the north-western United States. In 1856, together with four sisters from Montreal, she moved to Vancouver, Washington where she designed eleven hospitals, seven academies, five schools for Native American children, and two orphanages in an area encompassing today's Washington State, northern Oregon, Idaho, and Montana.
Louise Blanchard Bethune (1856–1913) from Waterloo, New York, is said to be the first American woman known to have worked as a professional architect. In 1876, she took a job working as a draftsman in the office of Richard A. Waite and F.W. Caulkings in Buffalo, New York where she worked for five years, demonstrating she could hold her own in what was a masculine profession. In 1881, she opened an independent office partnered with her husband Robert Bethune in Buffalo, earning herself the tile as the nation's first professional woman architect. She was named the first female associate of the American Institute of Architects (A.I.A.) in 1888 and in 1889, she became its first female fellow.
Since architecture became organized as a profession in 1857, the number of women in architecture has been low. Some early women had struggled to make a place for them as successful ones. Both Julia Morgan and Ethel Charles went through setbacks and rejections but were firm in pursuing career of their choice.
Julia morgan (1872–1957) was more successful as she was the first woman to receive a degree in architecture from the École des Beaux-Arts. She was initially refused admission as a woman in 1896 but reapplied and was successfully admitted in 1898. Aft er graduating in 1901, she returned to California where she had a prolific and innovative career, blazing new paths professionally, stylistically, structurally, and aesthetically, and setting high standards of excellence in the profession. Completing over 700 projects, she is especially known for her work for women's organizations and key clients, including Hearst Castle in San Simeon, considered to be one of her masterpieces.
Th e first woman to be admitted to Britain's Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) was etheL charLes (1871–1962) in 1898. She and her sister Bessie were both trained as architects under the partnership of Ernest George and Harold Peto. In 1893, they both attempted to continue their training by attending the Architectural Association School of Architecture but were refused entry. Ethel completed part of the course off ered by the Bartlett School of Architecture, receiving distinctions.
There is an interesting instance to share regarding Katherine Cutler Ficken (1911–1968) who was an American architect said to be the first woman to be licensed as an architect in Maryland. One of her clients was the University of Maryland, yet despite her clearly established capabilities and credentials, being a woman presented significant challenges in her professional life. When she asked to attend a dinner and annual meeting hosted by the Maryland Society of Registered Architects, she received a letter from the organization's President, still on the fence about whether to accept her request.
Library Design at the University of Economics in Vienna by first female Pritzker Prize winner Zaha Hadid.
Several women architects have had considerable success in recent years, gaining wide recognition for their achievements. In 2004, the Iraqi-British architect zaha Hadid became the first woman to be awarded the Pritzker Prize. In 2010, Kazuyo seJima from Japan became a Pritzker Prize winner in partnership with Ryue Nishizawa. In 2007, anna heringer (born 1977, Germany) won the Aga Khan Award for Architecture for her METI Handmade School built with bamboo and other local materials in Rudrapur, Bangladesh. And ofcourse Jeanne gang, the architect we admire for her Aqua Tower and more. She has been awarded as'Woman architect of the year 2016' 'by the British magazine, The Architectural Review. In 2010, as per records, Sheila Sri Prakash was the first Indian Architect invited to serve on the World Economic Forum's Design Innovation Council, where she created the Reciprocal Design Index as a design tool for Holistically Sustainable Development. In 1992, she was a pioneer of environmentally sustainable architecture and said to have designed a home with recycled material.
HISTORY & PERSPECTIVE Global Interior Design
Interior designing in general has a very old history; however the profession seems to have got organized only around 1920s to 30s. In US, the largest professional organization in the field at the time, American Institute of Interior Designers (AID) was founded in 1931. As with almost all professions, women in the universe of design have historically struggled to find a place at the table. The American Institute of Architects counted 83,000 members at the end of 2012, yet only 18 percent are women. In contrast, according to Interior Design's recent Universe Study, of the 87,000 interior designers in the United States, a whopping 69 percent are women.
Women have been leading and are definitely taking the lead in the field of interiors!
In America, candace WheeLer was one of the first woman interior designers and helped encourage a new style of American design. She was instrumental in the development of art courses for women in a number of major American cities and was considered a national authority on home design.
In 1905, Elsie De Wolfe obtained her first commission as an interior decorator, and is identified as being the first interior decorator. In 1913, she goes on to publish the first recognized book on interior design "The House in Good Taste".
In England, syrie maugham became a legendary interior designer credited with designing the first all-white room. Starting her career in the early 1910s, her international reputation soon grew; she later expanded her business to New York and Chicago. Interior design was previously seen as playing a secondary role to architecture. It also has many connections to other design disciplines, involving the work of architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, craftsmen, etc. For these reasons the government of interior design standards and qualifications was often incorporated into other professional organizations that involved design. Organizations such as the chartered society of designers, established in the UK in 1986, and the american designers institute, founded in 1938, were established as organizations that governed various areas of design.
PAST WOMEN ARCHITECTS & DESIGNERS OF INDIA
Of the little information that we could get about Perin Jamsetjee Mistri (1913-1989) believed to have been the first woman to qualify as an architect in india, is that she was born on 1st of January 1913 and expired on the same date in 1989. At the age of 10 she went to England and completed her education from the Croydon High School. Upon her return to Bombay, she joined the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art, gaining an architecture diploma in 1936. She joined her father's firm M/s. Mistri and Bhedwar in 1937 (which started in 1891), eventually becoming a partner.
One of Perin's first works was Sir Behramji Karanjia's bungalow at Carmichael Road. Her other works included residential, industrial and public buildings (Khatau mills) and St. Stephen's Church. The information about her work is received through HECAR Foundation. Mistri's work, unfortunately, has never made it to the heritage listing in Mumbai because of her absence in documented history.
Gira Sarabhai (1923- ), born into an elite industrialist family in Ahmedabad, had no formal education as an architect. She along with her brother Gautam Sarabhai worked at Taliesen with Frank Lloyd Wright during the 1940s (As per the book by Jon. T. Lang, 'A concise history of Modern Architecture in India'). She is credited with major contribution to modernist architecture, with excellent design projects and path-breaking institution building.
Urmila Eulie Chowdhury (1923-1995) was based in Chandigarh, and had a degree in architecture from Australia in 1947. Having worked with Le Corbusier for many years and later breaking many male bastions in her career, she is hardly known in the field beyond Delhi and Chandigarh. Some sources state that she was also the first female architect in Asia.
Pravina Mehta (1925-1991) obtained her master's degree in architecture from the University of Chicago. Her notable architectural designs include the Patel House, Kahim, a weekend resort facing the sea built in 1962, and the Factory Chinchwada in Maharashtra called the J.B. Advani Oerlikon Electrodes Factory, which was built in 1963. Her major historical contribution remains the conceptualization and proposal in 1965 of the New Bombay' plan along with Charles Correa and Shirish Patel.
Hema Sankalia (1934-2015) who graduated from the J J School of Art in the mid-1950s has made major contribution to the profession and academia in India. She had first worked with the eminent woman architect, Pravina Mehta in Mumbai. From lowcost housing, to private residences, office buildings, institutions and public spaces, her architectural practice has been wide-ranging. In 2015 after her death, her son Tanu Sankalia, an architect & urban designer, visited CEPT to archive her work for future references. Surfaces Reporter appreciates this move made by Tanu Sankalia and requests others to follow the same for the sake of preserving history & continuity. As Madhavi Desai puts it firmly, "Most of the women mentioned above were held in high esteem by their clients, yet they have not been included in the mainstream histriographic canon. They are hardly known nationally to students of architecture or the community of architects."
On the occasion of international Women's day 2016, Surfaces Reporter Pays tribute to all the pioneering Women in the history of world & Indian architecture & design.
Alternate yet connected career options for women architects and designers during break mainstream
WADE India Sponsoring "A Celebration of Women & Architecture" Dance Performance at the IIA Centenary Celebration, 21st May, Jaipur
Architecture must be deeply rooted in humanity and in the past said Didi Contractor in WADe Asia
Role of WADe Asia
WADe Asia Speech: Shri Rajeev Sethi
ICON Cinema Multiplex
Tags: Architecture, Interior Decorator, Surfaces Reporter, Women Architects


Blink a couple of times and we're approaching half-way through the year already. I'm not on track with my writing goals and failing to achieve the creative work-life balance I'd intended. Must try harder.
That said, there's lots to look forward to in the coming months. I thoroughly enjoyed the Emerging Writers' Festival last year and this year I'm chuffed to be back, telling spooky stories at Fright Night. Sounds like great fun.
And stay tuned for details of the Melbourne Writers' Festival Schools Program, where there is rumoured to be more Tim frivolity in the wind.
I also have various school and library visits on the cards and, hopefully, some flexing of the creative muscles on an exciting project inspired by the Australian Society of Authors interactive books workshop.
Inspired by the excellent Emerging Writers' Festival, I thought I'd have a crack at flash fiction.
You can check out my first effort, a little yarn called Ambition, on Melbourne by Dusk.


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Chaste same-sex attracted Christians: God did not make us gay
'This certainly makes it a lot harder for those of us who are same-sex attracted and trying to obey the Church's timeless teachings.'
Wed May 30, 2018 - 2:47 pm EST
giulio napolitano / Shutterstock.com
By Doug Mainwaring
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May 30, 2018 (LifeSiteNews) – Chaste same-sex attracted Christians appear universally perplexed — and many are troubled — by Pope Francis' alleged statement to a gay man, "God made you gay," and are now speaking out.
The Pope's alleged words came from the testimony of Juan Carlos Cruz, one of the child victims of sexual abuse by Chilean clergy, who visited the pontiff at the Vatican earlier this month.
The Pope has neither confirmed nor denied the veracity of the statement, once again leaving many to wonder if the Church is treading down a path to justifying LGBT identity and activity as fully normal. Left hanging in the air is the suggestion contrary to Catholic anthropology that God ordains some people to be gay, as if it were a divine gift.
LifeSiteNews reached out to chaste Catholics and others who experience same-sex attraction (SSA) but who choose to live according to the Gospel, not their feelings and attractions.
Many recoiled at the Pope's alleged comments, while others propose that his words were either misreported or misinterpreted.
There is one thing, however, that every single one of these chaste same-sex attracted men and women made clear in their statements to LifeSiteNews: God most certainly did not make them gay.
Thomas Berryman wonders "just how seriously the Holy Father takes the Church's teachings on this and other issues of sexual morality … It is deeply disturbing to believe that leaders of the Roman Catholic Church are more concerned about winning people's affection and approval than the fate of their eternal souls."
"This certainly makes it a lot harder for those of us who are same-sex attracted and trying to obey the Church's timeless teachings to do so--or even feel like we are truly welcome in the new, paradigm-shifting Church," said Berryman. "Belonging to a Church whose leaders don't even believe in its teachings does seem kind of dumb."
The Pope's "remark disturbed me greatly because first of all, it's a lie, and second of all, he is deceiving millions of people into hell," said Anita Angelo, who did not mince words when speaking to LifeSiteNews. "He just told millions of homosexuals that it's ok to stay gay and sold them on the devil's lie. It's not. Sure Jesus said to 'come as you are' but He will turn your life around if you let Him. God can and will deliver us from every yoke of bondage if we let Him."
Angelo said that those who have "itching ears … longing for affirmation" need to know that the Pope's alleged but uncorrected statement "logically speaking doesn't even make sense." She asked, "Why would a loving God create someone to be same-sex attracted and then at the same time condemn them to hell? He just wouldn't."
"I am very grieved over his remark," said Angelo. "It actually makes me sick to my stomach because people will stay trapped and not even know it."
Before he started his outreach in San Francisco to the LGBT community, Catholic Joseph Sciambra assumed his struggle would be with the secular gay community. Yet he found, "Those who stand up for truth … have almost no support from the hierarchy."
"Over the past ten years, because of this issue, I have teetered every day on the edge of leaving the Catholic Church. Beyond the physical and mental torments I have suffered due to a decade I spent as a gay man, the Church has been my greatest source of suffering," said Sciambra in a published opinion.
"When I hear those in the Catholic Church say 'you were born gay,' I think: My God, they are killing us," he concluded.
"I think it's unwise to rely on second hand reports," said Daniel Mattson, author of Why I Don't Call Myself Gay. "And the Pope has spoken about homosexuality publicly many times, and he has reiterated time and time again that he is a son of the Church."
Mattson continued, "For example, when asked about the press conference when he said the now-famous comment, 'If someone is gay and is searching for the Lord and has good will, then who am I to judge him?', Pope Francis said in The Name of God is Mercy that he 'was paraphrasing by heart the Catechism of the Catholic Church where it says that these people should be treated with delicacy and not be marginalized. I am glad that we are talking about 'homosexual people' because before all else comes the individual person, in his wholeness and dignity. And people should not be defined only by their sexual tendencies: let us not forget that God loves all his creatures and we are destined to receive his infinite love.'"
"The Church is clear––we are all born male or female, and all of us live with certain disordered passions and inclinations," Mattson continued. "Same-sex attraction is just one of many disordered inclinations that people can find help overcoming through the sacramental life of the Church. No one is created 'gay' for the simple reason that God does not create anyone with 'disordered inclinations."
"It was by connecting the crystal clear dots of Catholic tradition, and of Catholic truth, that many of us were able to turn to Christ and away from the homosexual lifestyle," Paul Darrow told LifeSiteNews. Darrow is one of three chaste same-sex attracted Catholics featured in the movie, Desire of the Everlasting Hills, produced by the Courage Apostolate. "Because of this, we were able to discover real peace and true freedom. We are now praying that the clergy does not confuse our brothers and sisters with fuzzy dots that will lead them onto a bridge to nowhere."
"As a young Catholic woman who loves Jesus and daily lives life to follow Him it makes my heart very sad to believe that the Pope would say what he allegedly said to this young man with same-sex attraction," said Kimberly Zember. "I know personally, from my own life, that same-sex desires are real desires that can be from a very young age, but to say that "God made you that way" without any further discussion leads one to believe if 'God made you that way' then there is nothing wrong with living out (sexually) the way God made you."
"Furthermore, [this leads] one to gather that homosexual relationships are not only accepted by God but planned by God and should be lived out," Zember told LifeSiteNews. "If we human beings were to act on every desire that we were "born with" this world would be a scary place to live. I pray we all get back to the Gospel Truth and not our own truths or feelings. Why would God call us to live in something that He died for?"
"The Pope and liberal 'Christian' theologians/teachers have done more damage to LGBT individuals by poisoning us with their lies, pushing us into further bondage and rebellion against God," said George Carneal, Author of From Queer To Christ. "This destroyed my peace of mind and I attempted suicide over the despair."
"God is not the author of confusion," continued Corneal. "He would not make me gay and then condemn it in His infallible Word. When God opened my eyes to the deception and gave me the healing I needed, I was able to finally walk away from that life. I choose to listen to God, not the Pope."
"I believe that after the fall sin entered the world & we're all born in sin," said Adonis Bemish. "Regardless if God made me this way that's not an excuse to pursue my fleshly desires even if there is some gene that decides our sexuality.
"God calls us to walk in holiness towards Him regardless of one's struggles (1 Thessalonians 4:7) & to lay aside our fleshly desires to pursue more of Him," 29 year old Bemish told LifeSiteNews. "Ultimately the Pope isn't God & just because he now makes this statement doesn't dictate for me the truth of God's Word."
Ron and Fetima McCray are a young married couple, who were formerly active members of the gay and lesbian world.
"If the Pope truly did make such a claim, I would say it is heartbreaking to say the least," said Ron. "While homosexuality is not the 'worst' sin, it is still a sin all the same. Jesus came to die for the sins of the world (Jn. 1:9) — that we might be reconciled unto God, not so that we can freely live in sin."
"Had the church told me Jesus accepted me as a gay man, they would have robbed me of the life I now live today," continued Ron. "I have been joyfully free from homosexuality going on 9 years, and joyfully married to a woman of almost 3 of those years. I would have never learned of my true identity, had the church sold me this lie. I would have never experienced God as a healer and a strong deliver! Truth is what makes us free, not deception, and not twisting scripture to fit our lifestyles."
"In response to the Pope's alleged comments on being gay, I say this," said Fetima. "Regardless of how you were born––as we were all born in sin and sharpened in iniquity according to Psalm 51:5––we MUST BE born again (John 3:5). Once we are born again we mortify the deeds of the flesh, or the 'old man,' (Roman 8:13) … Once we are born again, we are no longer slaves to sin but slaves to righteousness (Romans 6:18) that we might show forth the praises of Him that has called us out of darkness [and the bondage of our sinful flesh] and into His marvelous light (1 Peter 2:9).
"While living my homosexual life I definitely believed God made me that way," said Bob, who preferred his last name not be used. "The feelings were real, and why would I choose such a difficult path? But then I met Jesus and my eyes were open to my need for a Savior in all areas of my life. I realize now that it was influences and circumstances that likely caused those feelings to develop and I pursued what felt 'normal.' Now married with kids and 18 years freed from that lifestyle I can honestly say it is finally at this stage of my life that I am living the truth: "Therefore if the Son makes you free, you shall be free indeed." (John 8:36)
"I've had same-sex attraction since I was a boy, and from time to time became involved in gay sex starting when I was 12. Even though I've struggled with this, I've tried to follow Christ as a disciple," said Jeff, a Catholic man who wants to remain anonymous. "My walk with the Lord has enriched my life. I really can't imagine that Jesus would say 'go for it.'
"Scripture and natural law, and thus Church teaching, show us another way," he continued. "Despite the struggle, and at times falling, I've been most fulfilled as a man (and as a husband and father) as I've sought the grace to live as the Church teaches. I experience a mystical relationship with Christ. It is a challenge at times, and at other times not a big deal. Walking with Christ has been more fulfilling and I think it is he who has blessed my attempts to avoid same sex relationships."
Thomas Berryman spoke for many when he said, "Personally, I believe that the Holy Father said what Mr. Cruz says he did. I just don't want to believe it. It is possible to comfort someone without validating his sinful behavior."
Correction: This article originally misattributed a quote by Pope Francis to Daniel Mattson. We regret the error.
catholic, homosexuality, pope francis, same-sex attraction
Chaste same-sex attracted Christians: God did not make us gay Chaste same-sex attracted Christians: God did not make us gay News By Doug Mainwaring


text:
Cat's "Sixth Sense" Predicting Death?
July 25, 2007 / 7:00 PM / WebMD
Predicting the death of a patient, even an elderly, demented one, is an inexact science, even for a doctor with decades of medical experience.
But a cat in a Providence, R.I., nursing home, an animal shelter refugee named Oscar, seems to have a sixth sense about when residents in the home's advanced dementia unit are about to pass away. And his actions can sometimes
help alert the staff to notify family members in time for them to get to the nursing home to tell their loved ones goodbye.
When he senses their time is near, Oscar goes to the room, jumps onto the bed, curls up next to the patient, and purrs. The 2-year-old cat provides
welcome company for grieving family members and staff keeping their bedside
vigil; sometimes he fills in for family members who haven't yet arrived at the bedside.
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So far, Oscar has "presided over" the deaths of more than 25 residents in the advanced dementia unit of the Steere House Nursing and Rehabilitation Center. Although the story sounds far-fetched, David M. Dosa, MD, MPH, a geriatrician who cares for patients at the nursing home, thought it was time the story of Oscar was heard.
Only On The Web: More with Oscar the cat
On a whim, he wrote an essay about Oscar and submitted it to TheNew England Journal of Medicine, known more for its scientific reports on chemotherapy regimens, drug reactions, infections, and heart defects than reports on feline behavior.
"I was quite surprised they agreed to publish it," he tells WebMD. "It is not usually the type of article they will publish." The saga of Oscar, complete with his photo, is in the July 26 issue of the journal.
From Shelter Resident to Star
Oscar's been living at Steere House since he was a young kitten and staff members bailed him out of a nearby animal shelter. "I first heard about him
from the nurses on the unit," says Dosa, also a geriatrician at Rhode Island Hospital and an assistant professor of medicine at the Warren Alpert
Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I. "It came to light that
he was spending time with patients as they were becoming terminal."
The cat, Dosa says, seems to snap to attention when he senses a patient is about to die. In the essay, for instance, Dosa tells of Oscar arriving at the room of a woman and curling up beside her for more than an hour, purring and paying attention to the patient as the family arrives and the priest gives last rites, then quietly taking his leave minutes after the woman passes away.
"As people would pass, the question [among staff] was always, 'Was Oscar at the bedside?'" Dosa tells WebMD. "And the answer was invariably 'yes.' This is an end-stage dementia unit. Deaths are common."
Oscar typically arrives at a dying patient's bedside a few hours before death, Dosa says, but sometimes a half day before. His presence has been
a comfort to many family members, Dosa says. And his presence, coupled with a resident's worsening state of health, can help alert the nursing home staff to let family members know the patient may be nearing death. As Oscar's reputation grew, so did appreciation for his mission. "The largest
hospice organization in the state presented him with a certificate b&
acknowledging his work," Dosa says.
How Does He Know?
Explaining Oscar's track record and seeming ability to "read" a resident's end-of-life stages and predict death is a mystery, Dosa and others at the nursing home acknowledge. "Your guess is as good as mine," Dosa says when asked how Oscar picks up the sense of impending death.
"We know from some objective findings when death is imminent," Dosa says. For instance, if respirations grow difficult in a very sick patient, he says, doctors may tell loved ones death will probably occur soon.
The cat, however, might be picking up on specific odors surrounding death,
Dosa and other says.
"I think there are certain chemicals released when somene is dying, and he is smelling and sensing those," says Joan Teno, MD, professor of community health and medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I., who also cares for Steere House residents.
Another possibility: "I think he is following the patterning behavior of the staff," Teno tells WebMD. "This is an excellent nursing home. If a dying person is alone, the staff will actually go in so the patient is not
alone. They will hold a vigil."
Oscar has seen that pattern repeated many times, she says, and may be
mimicking it.
"Animals are intuitive," she says. "We don't give them enough credit."
One of the first cases, Teno says, involved a resident who had a blood clot
in her leg. "Her leg was ice cold," Teno says. "Oscar wrapped his body around her leg," she says, and stayed until the woman died.
Animal Experts Weigh In
Three animal behavior experts say the explanation about Oscar sensing a smell associated with dying is a plausible one.
"I suspect he is smelling some chemical released just before dying," says Margie Scherk, DVM, president of the American Association of Feline Practitioners, an organization devoted to improving the health and well-being of cats, and a veterinarian in Vancouver, British Columbia. "Cats can smell a lot of things we can't," she says. "And cats can certainly detect
illness."
"Cats have a superb sense of smell," adds Jill Goldman, PhD, a certified applied animal behaviorist in Laguna Beach, Calif. In Oscar's case, she says, keeping a dying resident company may also be learned behavior. "There has been ample opportunity for him to make an association between 'that' smell [and death]," she says.
While the sense of smell may be one explanation, there could be another,
says Daniel Estep, PhD, a certified applied animal behaviorist in Littleton,
Colo. "One of the things that happen with people who are dying is that they
are not moving around much. Maybe the cat is picking up on the fact that the
person on the bed is very quiet. It may not be smell or sounds, but just the
lack of movement."
By Kathleen Doheny
Reviewed by Louise Chang
©2007 WebMD, Inc. All rights reserved
First published on July 25, 2007 / 7:00 PM
© 2007 WebMD, LLC.. All Rights Reserved.
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The re-release of 'Al Zman Saib' ("hard times") - the original album dates from the end of the nineteen sixties - was preceded by some actual musical detective work. The story started when Jannis Stürtz, the man behind Habibi Funk, a sub-label of Berlin based Jakarta Records, during a visit of Rabat's souks, stumbled on an old electronics store where a number of boxes filled with old vinyl records were gathering dust. As it turned out, in a previous life the owner of the shop had been a record producer for a while, one of the acts he recorded a certain Fadoul, a local artist who played his own quirky Moroccan version of American funk (for example: opener 'Sid Redad' is nothing more than Fadoul's version of James Brown's 'Papa's Got A Brand New Bag'). Many months of investigating and perseverance eventually led Jannis to Fadoul's family in Casablanca, and now, some 45 years after its original release, there's finally this reissue of Fadoul's debut album 'Al Zman Said'. Vintage Moroccan gold!


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If you have your leaflet distribution under control – that is you know they are going out to the right houses and in the right volume then – and only then, is the time to work on the actual design in detail. Well, of course you have to have some leaflet to be handing out first but here we can just take a very obvious basic design. What is it? How do I get it? How much is it? What are the benefits? How easy etc. These things with perhaps a nice graphic and all very clear and easy to read are a great first step. I'd never recommend starting with a fancy or complicated leaflet design as it just introduces too many variables.
I finally came to the conclusion that, if I wanted to get things in motion, I needed to start with small steps. Coffee in hand, I resolved myself to send out the first email newsletter, come hell or high water.


text:
ARCHIVE __ The Language of Flowers
Flowers have always been used to express sentiments, but it wasn't until romantic Victorian Europe that a set of rules was created for how flowers could be used as a means of real communication.
The Victorian era used floral arrangements as a way to show off wealth and status through lavish and intricate bouquet designs. Arrangements were created using flowers straight from the garden, with the general expression of a bouquet being one that celebrated the opulence of an abundance of fresh flowers.
Because of the emphasis on etiquette during this time, we see the first attempt to establish a simple set of rules for the arranging of flowers. Hundreds of books were written exploring the symbolism and meaning of different flowers and herbs. Out of this emerged the study of Floriography — The Language of Flowers. A rose became associated with feelings of love. A lily for purity. Hyacinth for jealousy. The way the flowers were arranged and the different combinations held significant meaning as well. Using these rules, one could create bouquets that spoke.
This was the first time floral arrangements became considered a form of art.
Throughout history, small bouquets called nosegays had been worn as accessories for their fragrant properties (hence the name, meaning nose ornament). But as the language of flowers continued to embed into everyday life during the time of Queen Victoria, these little bouquets became a means of self expression through symbolism.
These "talking bouquets" (also known as tussie mussies or posi) became particularly popular in response to the rigid etiquette and growing social rules of this era because they were a way to cryptically communicate emotions and messages that could not otherwise be outwardly expressed, most often in the context of courtship.
The rules became even more intricate:
If flowers were handed to someone upside down, it indicated that the typical meaning of the flowers should be interpreted in the opposite way.
If flowers were handed to someone using the right hand, it meant that they were answering "yes" to a question. Being given with the left hand was a "no."
The symbolism from this time continues to influence floral design today.
What's your favorite floral pattern trying to say?
SHOP florals now.
Michael J Spear
Vincent van Gogh, Roses.
Michiel Sweerts, Boy in a Turban Holding a Nosegay.


text:
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St. Rose Philippine Duchesne
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Artwork Narrative:
Rose Philippine Duchesne was born in 1769 in Grenoble, France. Against her parents' wishes, she entered the convent at age 19. During the French Revolution, the convent closed, so she cared for the poor and sick. After the war, she joined the Society of the Sacred Heart.
In 1818, at age 49, she traveled to America. She landed in New Orleans, where the bishop sent her up the Mississippi River to St. Louis and the nearby colony of St. Charles, Missouri. There she founded a school for girls. Then she founded the first Catholic school for Native Americans in Florissant, Missouri. She created several schools and houses for her nuns in the United States.
She was 72 when a mission was founded at Sugar Creek, Kansas, with Native Americans. Since she never was able to learn the language, she spent her days in prayer. She became known as "Woman-Who-Prays-Always." She died in 1852 at age 83.
Her feast day is November 18.
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Born in Grenoble, France, of a family that was among the new rich, Rose learned political skills from her father and a love of the poor from her mother. The dominant feature of her temperament was a strong and dauntless will, which became the material—and the battlefield—of her holiness. She entered the Visitation of Mary convent at 19 and remained despite family opposition. As the French Revolution broke, the convent was closed, and she began taking care of the poor and sick, opened a school for homeless children, and risked her life helping priests in the underground.
Rose personally rented the former convent and tried to revive its religious life. The spirit was gone, however, and soon there were only four nuns left. They joined the infant Society of the Sacred Heart, whose young superior, Mother Madeleine Sophie Barat, would be her lifelong friend.
In a short time, Rose was a superior and supervisor of the novitiate and a school. But since hearing tales of missionary work in Louisiana as a little girl, her ambition was to go to America and work among the Indians. At 49, she thought this would be her work. With four nuns, she spent 11 weeks at sea in route to New Orleans, and seven weeks more on the Mississippi to St. Louis. She then met one of the many disappointments of her life. The bishop had no place for them to live and work among Native Americans. Instead, he sent her to what she sadly called "the remotest village in the U.S.," St. Charles, Missouri. With characteristic drive and courage, she founded the first free school for girls west of the Mississippi.
Though Rose was as hardy as any of the pioneer women in the wagons rolling west, cold and hunger drove them out—to Florissant, Missouri, where she founded the first Catholic Indian school, adding others in the territory.
Finally at age 72, retired and in poor health, Rose got her lifelong wish. A mission was founded at Sugar Creek, Kansas, among the Potawatomi and she was taken along. Though she could not learn their language, they soon named her "Woman-Who-Prays-Always." While others taught, she prayed. Legend has it that Native American children sneaked behind her as she knelt and sprinkled bits of paper on her habit and came back hours later to find them undisturbed. Rose Duchesne died in 1852, at the age of 83, and was canonized in 1988.
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