Doctors are finally able to realize animal testing does not get their job done and they need to find a new solution. The former U.S. National Institutes of Health director Dr. Elias Zerhouni expresses, "We need to refocus and adapt new methodologies for use in humans to understand disease biology in humans." This is the first step in the right direction in order to cease animal testing.
Everyone, even the doctors, are aware of how harmful testing is to animals, however no one has put enough effort in to stop it. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, PETA, declared these experiments are "cruel, expensive, and generally inapplicable to humans", so a handful of scientists have finally stepped forward to create a different, more effective method. They are in the process of ending animal testing and finding better tests that are "relevant to human health." These upcoming techniques will include newer technology, human cells and tissues, and even human volunteers in order to give the best possible reaction. Not only will it enhance the medicine for human diseases, but it is a method that is much cheaper and easier to perform.
To start off, there is "In Vitro" testing. Where Harvard's Wyss Institute has developed, a technique called "organs-on-chips" which has human's cells grown in the system in order to double as the function of human organs. PETA shares that this method has been shown to "replicate human physiology, diseases, and drug responses" more accurately than animal testing. This chip has already been bought by researchers and used instead of animal experimentation. Also, there is a new cell-based and tissue model test that has been introduced to test the reliability of "drugs, chemicals, cosmetics, and consumer products." By using human cells replicating the traits of human skin, this method gets rid of testing for guinea pigs, mice, and rabbits. These animals would not have to be shaved down and put in painful tests waiting for the results of the test. Instead, using this duplicate skin researchers are able to evaluate from that source rather than anything else. At the European Union Reference Library, researchers have found tests that the use of human blood instead of putting rabbits through this painful test is quite more successful. The blood is used to identify any red flags that would pollute the human body and result in fevers when it accesses the body. In the end, it gives the result of anything that would be harmful directly from a human source.
When it comes to chemical testing, human tissue is proven to give more accurate results than using animals. A researcher's job is to find the best possible answer to the problem they are presented with, meanwhile non-animal testing is producing the results they need. Since this method could leave a patient potentially dead or alive, researchers should take the opportunity to participate in such a method. Human volunteers have also come forward to help not just themselves, but everybody else. Micro dosing is a technique that gives volunteers a "small one-time dose" which allows researchers to observe the body. The drug will be watched in order to see how it affects the body making this method able to banish certain animal testing's all at once. Using this method gives information letting researchers know the safeness of a drug and how it will react to a human in the long-run. Rats, cats, and monkeys will no longer have to have their brains damaged thanks to the advanced brain imaging and recording approach. This method allows humans to have their brains studied in a safe environment by researchers and even temporarily solve their condition.
In the technological field, there have been few advanced systems created in order to deal with the human body. For example, animal testing and drug tests can soon be taken over by a computer-generated test. Researchers have computer models that mimics the human biology and the growth of diseases within. This method will be able to find new ways and new drugs to help the human body react to any illness. Quantitative structure-activity relationships, QSARs, is a computer based system that will get rid of animal testing by using the known knowledge of human biology. This way will avoid animal experiments involving chemicals and any other harmful tests. These methods are much quicker and definitely much simpler.
There is no better reasoning to stop animal testing than knowing "alternative scientific tests are often more reliable than animal tests", directly from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Right then and there, doctors should rely on tests that do not use animals, giving their patient the best possible treatment they can get. Countless tests showed human skin cells compared to traditional animal tests to be more accurate in identifying chemical skin. The simplest change of not using animals could make the biggest difference in somebody's life.
In the effort to teach not only medical students, but save people lives, there has been a human-patient simulator. What is better than learning how to react with problems from the human body by using a human body? Life-like computerized human-patient simulators have been constructed in order to teach students the most accurate way to treat a patient. This excludes any animals, such as pigs, goats, or dogs, to be cut up. The simulator breathes, bleeds, talks, and reacts just as a normal human would. Medicines will be injected and act as if it was on a real-life person, allowing students to learn lifesaving skills on the spot. No animals will be touched or need to even be present in order for any of these new methods to take place.
There has always been insignificant alternative testing that has not been used, yet there are many benefits if they were used. The organization New England Anti-Vivisection Society ,NEAVS , expresses when no animals are used for experimenting its creates "cruelty-free products" and makes the world "more environmentally friendly." This could increase consumers' willingness to buy more products if they knew it was not included in animal testing. NEAVS also argues by using non-animal testing is "more cost-effective and practical", leaving there no question not to use animals. Researchers would be able to fix two major variables, with one minor adjustment making their lives much easier. While animal testing takes weeks to perform and record substantial information, other tests take "as little as 3 minutes to four hours." NEAVS has found By experimenting chemicals without animals, researchers can "test hundreds of chemicals in a week for a fraction of the cost." There has yet to be any red flags from non-animal testing.
All in all, there are numerous outcomes from non-animal testing. Not only are animals free from being in agonizing pain, but there is a better chance humans can live through a disease. Non-animal testing is growing but until it is completely vanished, animals are out there being harmed for no reason and giving possible false results for the ones in need. Thanks to the non-profit organization New England Anti-Vivisection Society, the public is able to see "Science finally moving forward to realize the premise that the best test species for humans are humans" without harm and with enormous benefit to humans." There is no reason not to be involved in this type of testing when it can only help for the better.
"Alternatives to Animal Testing." PETA. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Mar. 2017.
Cohn, Meredith. "Study Aims to Check If Other Methods Can Replace Animal Testing." Baltimoresun.com. Baltimore Sun Media Group, 12 Mar. 2017. Web. 27 Mar. 2017.
Society, New England Anti-Vivisection. "Alternatives to Animals in Science." In Testing. NEAVS, n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2017.
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P1. Wow, that quote must be the most famous thing anybody has ever said about animal testing for human medicine. Searching it produced dozens of "full text" results at the very top of Google, and taken from a wide variety of sources. Your job now will be to distinguish your argument from all those many who have used the same quote before you.
Dunkin, this is your best work so far. It stays focused and provides a comprehensive, if repetitious, response to the cruelty of animal testing. It needs attention in several categories.
1. The "quotation marks" appear to be applied randomly, and in no place do you indicate who you're quoting. See the Informal Citation page in the Models menu for advice on how to cite your sources in the text.
2. Your huge "combination claim" that non-animal test alternatives are cheaper, easier, environmentally friendlier, faster, and more reliable is just too good to be believed without some very specific examples. We're eager to know what the "alternative methods" are, but you never tell us. If they exist, and are as miraculous as you suggest, they would have been adopted by everyone everywhere by now. Why would anybody spend more time and money to produce worse results?
3. You appear to contradict yourself in the paragraph that includes this quote: "basic research and drug and chemical tests still rely heavily on animals . . . there is no comprehensive substitute for animal testing and research." That's the opposite of what you've been claiming.
I hope that was helpful, Dunkin.
Put your post back into Feedback Please after you've made your best corrections.
I have added in-text citations where I felt was necessary and will look over 2 and 3 to add specific examples of how alternative methods are cheaper and easier. I will also look back at the part where I contradict myself because I also re-read that and was confused to what I had to say..
I'm glad I was not alone in my confusion. Be sure to leave this post in the Feedback Please category if there's anything you want me to review.
I have added specific examples of alternative methods in my paper.


text:
Pili is the leader in the production of biotech dyes.
pili.bio
Jérémie Blache
Guillaume Boissonnat
Marie-Sarah Adenis
Groundbreaking PILI, leader in the production of biotech dyes, secures additional $4million to accelerate the development of its products.
One year after its last funding round, biotech dye producer PILI has generated significant technological advances which lead to the closing of a new round of €3.6 million ($4M) to accelerate the development of its product portfolio. This package includes an equity funding from the VC Elaia via its PSL Innovation Fund, private investors, business angels and existing investor SOSV. BPI France and the French State are also contributing to the financing of the company's first high- performance biotech dyes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
STATE & LOCAL TAXES
State Taxation of Financial Institutions: A Multidimensional Landscape
By Lutof Awdeh, J.D., and Richard T. Gowen, J.D., LL.M., MSA
State & Local Tax (SALT)
Editor: Sarah McGahan, J.D., LL.M.
An area that is sometimes overlooked by financial institutions is the array of various economic nexus regimes that are imposed by an increasing number of states. Economic nexus provisions, which often target financial institutions, vary considerably from state to state, and they can trigger income or franchise tax filing responsibilities of which taxpayers are often unaware. A number of states also impose taxing regimes that were established specifically for the purpose of taxing financial institutions.
Two landmark cases, both decided in 2007, that have been instrumental in setting the stage for the expansion of state economic nexus regimes, particularly in the context of financial institutions, are Commissioner v. MBNA America Bank, N.A., and Capital One Bank and Capital One F.S.B. v. Commissioner.1 MBNA was decided by the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia and involved a Delaware-domiciled bank that provided credit card services to customers. MBNA argued that it was entitled to corporate income and franchise tax refunds because it did not have nexus with West Virginia. However, the court determined that since MBNA continuously and systematically engaged in activities such as direct mail, telephone solicitation, and promotion in West Virginia that produced significant receipts attributable to customers within the state, the bank had nexus with West Virginia under the state's economic nexus provisions.
In Capital One Bank, decided by the Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board and affirmed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, it was determined that the two credit card banks at issue had nexus with Massachusetts for purposes of the state's Financial Institution Excise Tax (FIET) since the banks conducted activities with 100 or more Massachusetts residents and had receipts exceeding $500,000 attributable to state sources, thus satisfying the state's economic nexus provisions.2 In both MBNA and Capital One, a physical presence was not required to trigger nexus for income or franchise tax purposes, provided that the banks were targeting customers within the state and were deriving significant receipts from those customers.
Financial Institutions: Broadly Defined
Taxpayers that may be affected by the various state economic nexus provisions or that may be subject to special taxing regimes aimed at businesses involved in making loans or extending credit are often unaware of how potentially broad the scope is of what can be considered a financial institution. A state's definition of financial institution often includes entities that engage in activities or perform functions that would not generally be associated with traditional banks.
For example, for purposes of the Massachusetts FIET, financial institutions subject to the tax and its nexus provisions include not only banks and savings and loan associations, but also any other corporation in substantial competition with financial institutions that derives more than 50% of its gross income from loan origination, lending activities, or credit card activities.3 Connecticut's definition of a financial service company is similar to the definition of a financial institution in Massachusetts and provides that a financial service company is any company, other than an insurance company or a real estate broker, that derives 50% or more of its gross income from activities that include loans; investment banking services; management, distribution, or administrative services to or on behalf of an investment entity; actuarial services; and leasing or acting as an agent, broker, or adviser in connection with leasing real and personal property that is the functional equivalent of an extension of credit.4 New Jersey defines a financial business corporation as a corporation that is in substantial competition with the business of national banks, and that also employs moneyed capital with the object of making a profit by its use as money.5
As the above definitions demonstrate, the scope of businesses that are subject to state taxing regimes that focus on financial institutions can be very broad and encompass a variety of activities, such as facilitating leasing arrangements or simply deriving more than 50% of gross income from lending activities. Therefore, in a number of states, a range of businesses that would not typically come to mind in a more traditional banking context could nevertheless be subject to a taxing regime aimed at financial institutions. As a consequence, businesses that engage in activity involving some form of lending or the extension of credit should be aware of the various state definitions and rules related to financial institutions in the jurisdictions from which they derive income or receipts. Moreover, as discussed in the next section, states have become more aggressive in subjecting financial institutions to their taxing regimes even if those institutions have no physical presence in the state.
Financial Institutions: Evolving Nexus Standards
In the past few years, many states have begun to target financial institutions, even those that have no physical presence in their jurisdictions, through various concepts including economic nexus and a factor-presence test. The economic nexus provisions that states impose can vary significantly and can contain nuances that result in financial institutions' having nexus in jurisdictions they might not have anticipated. Over the past several years, a number of states, including California, Connecticut, Colorado, Massachusetts, and, most recently, New York, have enacted nexus provisions that use a bright-line factor to determine presence.6 Under these bright-line nexus standards, a taxpayer will generally trigger nexus and a filing responsibility regardless of whether it has ever physically entered the state if the receipts it derives from the state exceed a prescribed receipts threshold.
A financial institution that has made loans, acquired existing loans, or extended credit to customers within a factor-presence state and derives interest (or other) receipts from those customers that exceed the state's applicable receipts threshold would therefore typically trigger nexus and a filing responsibility. In a factor-presence jurisdiction, whether the loans from which receipts are derived are secured by underlying real or personal property located in the state is generally irrelevant, provided that the receipts are sourced from that state. In California, Colorado, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, the states' factor-presence nexus provisions have set $500,000 as the sales/receipts threshold for nexus.7 New York, under its recently enacted economic nexus provisions, has set the receipts threshold at $1 million.8
A number of other states that have economic nexus provisions do not have a bright-line factor-presence threshold. However, nexus in those states can sometimes be established by even less activity than in the factor-presence states. For example, New Hampshire has an economic nexus regime under which the employment of business assets in, or the receipt of money from, the state can be sufficient to create nexus, and no clear threshold exists to determine at what point nexus would be established.9
New Jersey also has a broad economic nexus regime, under which deriving receipts from sources within the state can, by itself, create nexus and a filing responsibility.10 A financial business corporation, banking corporation, credit card company, or similar business commercially domiciled outside of New Jersey is subject to New Jersey's income tax if it obtains or solicits business or receives gross receipts from sources within the state—the only limitation on the reach of the state's nexus provision being the U.S. Constitution.11 Given the expansive language of the economic nexus provisions in states such as New Hampshire and New Jersey, the level of receipts derived by a financial institution from customers in those states (or states that have similar nexus provisions) would likely not have to be large to establish nexus and a filing responsibility.
However, some recent developments may signal a curtailment of these broad nexus provisions. The Superior Court of New Jersey Appellate Division's affirmation in BIS LP, Inc. v. Director12 of that state's tax court's granting of summary judgment to the taxpayer in a case involving whether a corporate limited partner has nexus merely because it holds an interest in and derives income from a partnership doing business in New Jersey indicates that some state courts may rein in broad economic nexus standards. In addition, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee also recently approved the Business Activity Tax Simplification Act (BATSA), H.R. 2584.13 If BATSA becomes law, state economic nexus provisions would in effect be nullified, as BATSA would require that out-of-state businesses have a physical presence in a state for more than 14 days to create nexus for income or other business activity tax purposes.14 Thus, while economic nexus provisions are currently imposed by a significant number of states and should be navigated with care and scrutiny, the current economic nexus landscape could potentially begin to move in the opposite direction from its pattern of expansion over the past several years.
Special Financial Institutions Taxing Regimes and Apportionment Rules
A financial institution that is required by either economic nexus or factor-presence rules to file returns in multiple states may face myriad tax regimes and/or special apportionment rules. A majority of states either impose a separate taxing regime on financial institutions or tax financial institutions under a standard corporate tax regime but apply special rules, particularly for apportionment, on those entities. In some cases, special tax rates are also imposed on financial institutions. Florida, Maine, and Massachusetts are among the states that impose a separate taxing regime on financial institutions.15 Before 2015, New York also imposed a separate taxing regime on financial institutions, but as of Jan. 1, 2015, financial institutions are subject to the state's general corporate tax regime.16
The varying treatment of financial institutions by the states, with some states imposing a separate taxing regime on those entities and others subjecting financial institutions to the state's general corporate income/franchise tax regime—but often with special apportionment rules or tax rates—creates a veritable labyrinth of compliance provisions of which financial institutions operating in multiple states should be aware. Under Massachusetts' FIET regime, in addition to having special nexus provisions, entities that are subject to the FIET are required to use an evenly weighted three-factor apportionment formula and are also subject to a separate tax rate, which is currently 9%.17 Furthermore, Massachusetts applies special rules for computing the property and receipts factors, similar to some other states, including sourcing interest income from secured loans based on the location of the underlying property while sourcing interest income from unsecured loans based on the customer's location. The state also applies the so-called SINAA rules to apportion loans for property factor purposes, sourcing the loan based on where the solicitation, investigation, negotiation, approval, and administration of the loan occurs.18
Interestingly, New York's pre-2015 bank franchise tax regime applied, in part, the SINAA rules rather than the property factor to source receipts.19 Maine imposes a franchise tax on financial institutions, where each financial institution is required to determine its tax due using one of two methods, one of which involves applying the franchise tax on both Maine book income and Maine assets, and the other of which involves applying the franchise tax on Maine assets only.20 Under Florida's franchise tax imposed on banks and savings associations, the franchise tax base is adjusted federal income apportioned to the state, plus nonbusiness income allocated to state, taxed at a rate of 5.5%.21
States that do not have a separate taxing regime for financial institutions, but that impose special apportionment provisions on those entities, can sometimes create more confusion for taxpayers than those states that have entirely separate financial institution tax regimes. The various special provisions under many states' general corporate income/franchise tax regimes that specifically apply to financial institutions can sometimes pose traps, particularly when an entity subject to the special provisions applicable to financial institutions is not aware of its status in certain states. While special tax rules aimed at financial institutions can cover a wide spectrum, as mentioned earlier, special apportionment rules and tax rates are among the most common areas where a deviation from general corporate tax rules can be found.
Beginning in 2013, California shifted to the application of a single-sales-factor apportionment formula for most businesses.22 However, the state continues to apply an evenly weighted three-factor apportionment formula for banks and financial corporations.23 In addition to the special apportionment rules applied to banks and financial corporations in California, which are similar to the Massachusetts rules described above, the state imposes the tax on a bank or financial corporation's net income at a rate 2 percentage points higher than the general corporate tax rate.24
Colorado is an example of another state in which there is not a separate taxing regime for financial institutions, but where special apportionment rules apply.25 Under Colorado's financial institutions apportionment regime, specifically enumerated revenue streams must be included under a single-sales-factor formula, including revenue from various types of leases, interest from loans (both secured and not secured by real property), revenue from loan servicing fees and credit card receivables, and revenue from investment assets and activities.26 The states described above provide a sample of the various special rules and adjustments that are imposed on financial institutions by states that otherwise do not subject financial institutions to a separate taxing regime, but there are many other states that also impose special rules aimed at financial institutions.
In sum, an increasing number of states apply some form of economic or factor-presence nexus and also impose special tax rules on financial institutions. Hence, it is advisable that businesses engaged in financial activities, including any form of lending through loan generation or loan acquisition, leasing, or other related activities be aware of whether they may be considered a financial institution for tax purposes in the states in which they have any business activity or customers. However, there is the potential for relief from economic nexus provisions, either in individual states through state court decisions or in all states through congressional action, so businesses should keep abreast of continuing developments.
The information contained herein is general in nature and based on authorities that are subject to change. McGladrey LLP guarantees neither the accuracy nor completeness of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for results obtained by others as a result of reliance upon such information. McGladrey LLP assumes no obligation to inform the reader of any changes in tax laws or other factors that could affect information contained herein. This column does not, and is not intended to, provide legal, tax, or accounting advice, and readers should consult their tax advisers concerning the application of tax laws to their particular situations. This analysis is not tax advice and is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for purposes of avoiding tax penalties that may be imposed on any taxpayer.
This column represents the views of the authors only and does not necessarily represent the views or professional advice of McGladrey LLP.
1Tax Commissioner v. MBNA America Bank, N.A., 640 S.E.2d 226 (W. Va. 2007); Capital One Bank v. Commissioner of Revenue, Nos. C262391 and C262598 (Mass. App. Tax Bd. 2007), aff'd, 899 N.E.2d 76 (Mass. 2009).
2Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 63, §1.
4Conn. Gen. Stat. §12-218b(a)(6).
5N.J. Admin. Code §18:7-1.16.
6Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §23101; 1 Colo. Code Regs. §39-22-301.1; Conn. Dep't of Rev. Servs., Informational Publication 2010(29.1), Q&A on Economic Nexus (Dec. 28, 2010); Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 63, §1; N.Y. Tax Law §209.1(b).
7Note that in California, the factor-presence threshold figures are adjusted for inflation on an annual basis pursuant to Cal. Rev. and Tax. Code §23101(c).
8N.Y. Tax Law §209.1(b).
9N.H. Rev. Stat. §77-A:1.XII.
10N.J. Rev. Stat. §54:10A-2. See also New Jersey Division of Taxation Technical Advisory Memorandum, TAM-6 (1/10/11).
11New Jersey Division of Taxation Technical Advisory Memorandum, TAM-6.
12BIS LP, Inc. v. Director, 26 N.J. Tax 489 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2011).
13BATSA has been introduced in Congress several times since 2003 (when the act was first introduced in the House of Representatives by Rep. Bob Goodlatte, R-Va., in H.R. 3220) without success.
14H.R. 2584 (114th Cong.).
15Fla. Stat. §220.63; Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 36, §5206; Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 63, §2.
16N.Y. Tax Law, Article 32, Franchise Tax on Banking Corporations; N.Y. Tax Law §209.1; Technical Memorandum TSB-M-15(2)C(2/26/15).
17Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 63, §2; Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 63, §2A.
18Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 63, §2A(e).
19N.Y. Comp. Code R. & Regs. tit. 20, §19-6.2.
20Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 36, §5206.
21Fla. Stat. §220.63.
22Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §25128.7.
23Cal. Code Regs. §25137-4.2(b).
24Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §23186; Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §23181(a).
251 Colo. Code Regs. Spec. Reg. 7A.
26Id.
Sarah McGahan is a senior manager with the state and local tax group of KPMG LLP's Washington National Tax practice. Lutof Awdeh is a director and Richard Gowen is a manager, both with the state and local tax group of McGladrey LLP's Boston Office. For more information about this column, contact Mr. Awdeh at lutof.awdeh@mcgladrey.com or Mr. Gowen at richard.gowen@mcgladrey.com.


Back in October, I posted a bunch of photos of an abandoned 62 Beetle I had seen in Abilene, TX. I went back for our Christmas pops concert this past weekend and the Beetle was gone. Let's hope somebody took it to care for it, and that it didn't just get hauled off to the scrapyard. I fear it was the latter.


She looks just like Hannah did!
I am so happy for you! Now Hannah will have a little sister to teach all kinds of wonderful things.
Oh my goodness!!! I'm so excited for you guys! Xia has outgrown all of the clothes you let me borrow, so we're ready to have dinner with you guys again whenever you're ready... looks like you're gonna need those clothes back soon!!


text:
Mount Panay is a potentially active stratovolcano located in the province of Batangas, Philippines.

Geography
Panay is located south of Taal Lake, in the province of Batangas, Philippines.

It is located at the southern end of the Calumpang Peninsula, which forms the western side of Batangas Bay, at latitude 13.723°N (13°43'24"N), longitude 120.893°E (120°53'36"E).

Physical features

Panay is a forested, low, andesitic stratovolcano, on the western side of Batangas Bay, which could be a breached caldera inundated by the sea.

Panay has an elevation of 501 metres (1,644 feet) asl.

Panay is reported to be strongly solfataric at present.

Eruptions

Last eruptive activity is thought to be Pleistocene, about 500,000 years ago.

There have been no historical eruptions.

Geology

Rock type is predominantly andesite.

Tectonically, Panay lies at the intersection of two major regional trends, the Bataan Lineament and the Palawan-Macolod Lineament.

Batangas Bay, which includes Panay, may be a drowned caldera.

Listings

Smithsonian Institution lists Panay as Pleistocene - Fumarolic.

Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) lists Panay as Inactive.

See also
List of active volcanoes in the Philippines
List of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines
List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Pacific ring of fire

References

Stratovolcanoes of the Philippines
Subduction volcanoes
Volcanoes of Luzon
Mountains of the Philippines
Landforms of Batangas
Potentially active volcanoes of the Philippines
Pleistocene stratovolcanoes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Trigger-Unhappy
Oberlin College tables its trigger warning policy amid criticism that warnings threaten the mission of higher education.
By Colleen Flaherty
Are trigger warnings inherntly anti-education?
Photo by Don Bayley/iStock/Thinkstock
This article originally appeared in Inside Higher Ed.
Trigger warnings, which are common in blogs but also have begun to appear on college and university syllabuses, are supposed to signal to readers that forthcoming material may be uncomfortable or upsetting. Trigger-warned subject matter—in literature, films, or other texts—usually relates to sexual assault and other kinds of violence, racism, and the like, and advocates say students have a right to know of sensitive material in advance.
But some critics of trigger warnings say that higher education is rooted in confronting uncomfortable ideas and experiences. And more practically, critics say, it's nearly impossible in classes with students with differing sensibilities to define what deserves a trigger warning.
Given the lack of consensus on trigger warnings in the classroom, it was perhaps unsurprising that the extensive trigger warning policy Oberlin College published in its Sexual Offense Resource Guide proved controversial earlier this academic year. Faculty members criticized the policy from within, saying it had been drafted largely without their input, even though they stood on the front lines of such a policy.
And criticism flowed in from outside Oberlin as well, with outlets such as the Los Angeles Times and the New Republic questioning the policy's implications for academic freedom and for the liberal arts, so central to Oberlin's mission.
Now, Oberlin has tabled the policy, pending additional faculty input.
"This section of the resource guide is currently under revision, after thoughtful discussion on campus suggested that some changes could make the guide more useful for faculty," Meredith Raimondo, associate dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and co-chair of the Sexual Offense Policy Task Force, said via email. "As the resource guide has always stated, the task force values both academic freedom and support for survivors of sexualized violence. We do not see these as contradictory projects, but rather that both are necessary to create an appropriately challenging and effective learning environment."
Oberlin's sexual offense policy page for faculty contains a similar message under the heading "How can I make my classroom more inclusive for survivors of sexualized violence?"
Until recently, however, that heading gave faculty members lengthy and explicit guidance on the topic. (Oberlin officials note that the policy was to recommend trigger warnings, not to require them. Critics saw even a nonmandatory policy as raising issues about academic freedom.)
It advised faculty members to "[u]nderstand triggers, avoid unnecessary triggers, and provide trigger warnings." It defined a trigger as something that "recalls a traumatic event to an individual," and said experiencing a trigger will "almost always disrupt a student's learning and may make some students feel unsafe in your classroom."
"Triggers are not only relevant to sexual misconduct, but also to anything that might cause trauma," the policy said. "Be aware of racism, classism, sexism, heterosexism, cissexism, ableism, and other issues of privilege and oppression. Realize that all forms of violence are traumatic, and that your students have lives before and outside your classroom, experiences you may not expect or understand."
The policy said that "anything could be a trigger," and advised professors to "[r]emove triggering material when it does not contribute directly to the course learning goals."
In the event that a work is "too important to avoid," the policy said professors could issue a trigger warning by avoiding "spoilers" but giving a "hint about what might be triggering about the material," and explaining its academic value.
For example, it said, "Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart is a triumph of literature that everyone in the world should read. However, it may trigger readers who have experienced racism, colonialism, religious persecution, violence, suicide, and more."
The policy also said faculty members may "[s]trongly consider developing a policy to make triggering material optional or offering students an alternative assignment using different materials."
Marc Blecher, a professor of politics and East Asian studies at Oberlin who has been one of the policy's most vocal critics, said in an interview that many faculty members were surprised to see the intricate trigger warning policy upon publication. The task force's work had been mentioned in earlier faculty meetings, he said, but because it bypassed established channels for curricular proposals—elected faculty committees—professors were caught off-guard.
The task force included one vice president who is also the dean of students; three deans, including Raimondo (who was appointed as a faculty member before she was named dean); and three students and two recent alumni.
Beyond questions of shared governance, Blecher said the problem with the policy and trigger warnings generally is that "what could trigger off somebody in the abstract is almost anything." That means that professors in all kinds of disciplines could have to rethink what they teach and how—and how to warn students about it ahead of time.
Referring to language in the tabled policy, he said, "it had this long list of 'isms,' so you'd end up having to fill your whole syllabus with their advice or suggestions, depending on what you're teaching."
As to the policy's alternative reading suggestion, Blecher added, "What are you going to do, have two syllabi?"
Blecher said several dozen professors expressed similar sentiments at a recent meeting for concerned faculty members. Others raised new points, he said, such as whether highlighting sensitive material in advance could worsen its impact on students, and that professors may want students to "feel the shock" of such material for pedagogical reasons.
But not all professors are openly opposed to the policy, and a recent editorial in Oberlin's student newspaper, the Oberlin Review, called the argument that trigger warnings interfere with academic freedom "flawed."
"Trigger warnings exist in order to warn readers about sensitive subjects, like sexual violence or war, that could be traumatic to individuals who have had past experiences related to such topics, not to remove these subjects from academic discussion," the editorial says. "They do not 'glorify victimhood'; instead, they validate the life experiences of certain members of our community and allow individuals to make informed decisions."
It continues:
"[W]hen students feel so upset by memories tied to a particular subject that they feel they cannot participate in that dialogue, a process integral to liberal arts education is interrupted. Trigger warnings are a viable method of alleviating these situations. Ideally, individuals who are part of an academic institution should be challenged and forced to articulate and defend their perspectives, but in order to have a fruitful discussion about these topics, as many people as possible need to feel comfortable participating."
The editorial does, however, acknowledge the "problem of how to effectively create these spaces."
In his own classroom, Blecher said he's used verbal warnings about a violent murder in a film he was about to show. So while he's not categorically opposed to trigger warnings, he said, "I think you just rely on sensitivity and common sense."
He added: "Trying to codify it is very hard."
Blecher said it wasn't yet clear how faculty feedback would be solicited for an amended trigger warning policy, but that Oberlin seemed to be "sincerely" addressing the matter, including through the recent faculty meeting.
Raimondo said that throughout the review process of the offense policy, "the task force has solicited faculty input along with other members of the Oberlin community."
Education Higher Ed


Being a Montessori homeschooler can be expensive. Luckily, there are free Montessori albums for Elementary 6-9 to download! Check out my free downloads too.
A while ago I had found some Montessori albums for 6-9 online but it looks like the site is gone. I don't know what happened but they were available as a free download so I don't think there would be an issue with providing the albums since we all know I didn't make them or buy them and the link has gone all screwy-looie.
Well, enjoy the free Montessori Album downloads!.
I hope you and your homeschool kids enjoy these free Montessori albums for Elementary 6-9. Don't forget the free Montessori Elementary material downloads I have either.
Well, I have mixed feelings…I am so glad that people are finding the albums useful for working with their children. However, I compiled these albums for a training center where people obtaining them were training to become teachers and had to pay for them. Plus there are pages that either are copyrighted or pages that were taken from other people without their permission, that I had not originally used. They were never to be available for free without the training. It may be that a former student put them out there for everyone without first asking permission. Please respect the intellectual property and labor of those who created this material.
I've emailed Ms. Ziegler and apologized. I never would have thought they would have been shared on such a professional looking site without the creator's permission. The albums are being removed as Ms. Ziegler has mentioned they were not available for free without the training.
My deepest apologies Ms. Ziegler.
Ok…I am floored these are out there!!!!! What an amazing thing to share…these look fantastic.
I cannot get any of these links to work. I tried signing up for an account and clearing the cache' on my internet browser, but nothing is working (the files won't open or download). Any suggestions???
Sorry for the delay Cheryl! Theyre working for me so Ive no idea why. Try again and email me if they still dont work.
I am not very techie and was confused by the pop up box to subscribe to Box. You don't need to sign up for box. When you click download check your download file. I was able to transfer them over to another folder on my desktop.
I'm the former owner of Montessoritweens yahoo group. I'm glad you have these archived, so our (former) members and others can have a new reference point for free LE albums. You are in the clear as to rights for posting. As anyone who actually READS these albums will discover, they are mainly compilations of other people's work. An even closer look will uncover the way they were converted to pdf (from scanned documents). One reference is made within the Grammar album to JMJ Publishing (one of our homeschooling colleagues). If she is not upset, girl, you're okay!
Christmas LOVE to you and yours, and to your following!
Thank you! I found these linked through The Organized Classroom Blog. What a find!
You're welcome Marie and everyone else! I like the albums a LOT! They've been very helpful to me and my children.
If anyone finds a link to some 9-12 albums I'd appreciate if you'd send the link or even the dl's if they're yours to me here.
Thank you so much for sharing these files. I found the link a couple of months ago but didn't download them as I thought I could go back and download them later. I was so upset when I found the site down. And thank you for all the other downloads on your site, I am excited to use them in my classroom.
I'm really grateful for you sharing this albums!
There is actually a botony section in one of the downloads above. I'm thinking it was in the biology section.
are you aware of any botany albums online? Thanks.
Thanks! I feel like I've died and gone to heaven!
I found your blog through a yahoo group, and I'm just so happy I did. I really appreciate your efforts in sharing these files with us. I started saving them but before I could finish with all the albums the link went down.
Many thanks to the creators of the albums as well.
I am grateful to you for uploading these files. I had saved that link in my favourites hoping to download it sometime and when I actually wanted the files the website was not functional.I felt so bad as I had really liked the album. Also since the files were available for free download I don't think putting them up on your blog should matter as it will help many other people like me. Thank u once again .
I appreciate the efforts to repost these. I have them saved, and can print as needed. Thank You!
I would see how it'd be poor form if I claimed these as my own, or 'shared' them when the link worked, or didn't give credit where due. In my experience with file sharing there is no issue with sharing free files…only in claiming them as your own…or if they can be obtained directly from the source. And, I do not claim them as my own, the link has been down for some time, they were free, there was nothing said against sharing the albums. I wouldn't have an issue with this. The file sharing groups I'm on follow these guidelines. I'm comfortable with my decision & if the creator of the albums would express upset I would apologize & share there was no disrespect & only the hopes of sharing the good news.
I hate to be the downer here, but it's considered poor form to share someone else's files without their permission, even if they had them up for free.


text:
Topic Data warehouse
SubTopic Big data management
DW appliances
DW software
Integrating big data tools starts with effective project planning
Big data systems often are augmenting data warehouses, not replacing them. Bringing the sides together takes bridge-building, based on a solid plan.
David Loshin, Knowledge Integrity Inc.
Experimentation with what can be collectively dubbed as big data tools -- including Hadoop clusters, the MapReduce programming model and NoSQL databases -- has led to some emerging application scenarios and use cases that demonstrate clear business value. But these early successes raise a potentially complicated question: What is the best way to integrate big data systems into an enterprise data warehousing, business intelligence (BI) and analytics architecture?
Big data technologies don't have to be disruptive to existing data warehouse environments. Yes, the lowered barriers to entry provided by the broad set of no-cost or low-cost tools that make up the Hadoop ecosystem and their support for storing and managing massive data sets on commodity hardware do pose the potential to dislodge the traditional enterprise data warehouse from its perch at the center of the BI and analytics universe.
But organizations that have invested a significant amount of money, resources and time in deploying data warehouses to support querying, reporting and analysis aren't likely to want to turn their backs on those investments. And even if your company does opt to transition to a new BI and big data analytics architecture layered solely on top of Hadoop and NoSQL technologies, the switch is unlikely to happen overnight. More commonly, it will be made via a series of incremental changes to reduce the risk of decreased service levels or full-scale interruptions in analytics processes.
As a result, most organizations will benefit from an approach that values integration and interoperability to ensure a level of symbiosis between old and new technologies. An example might be a Hadoop-based analytical application for customer profiling coupled with an existing customer data warehouse. Data can be streamed from the warehouse into the Hadoop application, while enhancements to customer profiles and classifications generated as part of the analysis process can be merged back into the data warehouse.
Making a big data connection
The first consideration for integration is establishing connections between data warehouses and big data platforms. At present, one of the most frequent uses of big data systems is for data warehouse augmentation, in which they provide expanded data storage at a lower cost than a traditional data warehouse or data mart can. Many early adopters are also using Hadoop clusters and NoSQL databases as staging areas for data before loading some or all of the information into a data warehouse for analytical uses. Such applications can be as simple as using the Hadoop Distributed File System to store data, or they can involve more complex links to data sets in Hive, HBase, Cassandra and other NoSQL technologies.
More on managing big data tools and systems
Read about real-world big data management strategies and applications
Learn more about the logical combination of data warehouse and big data platforms
Find out why integrating big data technologies requires a firm grasp on corporate info
Incorporating those tools into a data warehouse and BI framework may require both connectivity and interpretation. Application programming interfaces can be used to provide access to Hadoop and NoSQL systems from data warehouses; in addition, numerous vendors offer packaged connectors between SQL databases and big data systems, including ones based on integration standards such as ODBC and JDBC. For those systems that don't conform to a typical relational model, there may be a need for an interpretation layer that can transform semi-structured objects (documents, for example) from their representative form, such as YAML or JSON, into a format that can be understood by BI applications.
There are other approaches for even tighter integration between the two types of systems. For example, data warehouse systems are increasingly open to incorporating call-outs to MapReduce functions as enhancements to their native SQL vocabulary, enabling the results of an analytical process on a Hadoop cluster to be pulled directly into a BI query's result set. Another example is incorporating Hadoop-generated analytical results into data warehouses for reporting and further analysis.
Big data gaps need bridging
Integrating the different approaches will rapidly become an imperative for many IT and data warehousing teams as the business value of big data -- and how to unlock it -- becomes better understood. Coupling a degree of agility with good program planning for the integration process is critical. That means bridging some obvious gaps that will persist as adoption increases, including the following:
Disjointed architectures. The typical approach to pilot projects or proofs of concept, as well as many early production applications, involves deploying Hadoop or NoSQL systems in their own siloed environments. A well-structured integration plan must include engaging IT and data architects to properly envision, design and deploy the various stacked layers of a hybrid data warehouse, BI and analytics architecture.
Administration shortcomings. The open source nature of many big data tools often leads to the emphasis of functionality over management and administration. This gap will be narrowed over time as the commercial versions of big data software products mature, but for now you may need to compensate for the relative immaturity of their management capabilities.
Skills shortages. The steep learning curve on working with Hadoop and NoSQL technologies may be the biggest hurdle to scale on big data integration efforts. Knowledge of parallel and distributed computing techniques in general remains somewhat elusive in the IT staffing marketplace, and there are even fewer people with deep hands-on experience in developing and updating big data applications. Training internal staffers may be the fastest, and lowest-cost, way to put the required skills in place.
In a growing number of companies, Hadoop and NoSQL integration with data warehouse environments is a question not of "if" but of "how soon?" Starting to prepare now will help identify the potential roadblocks up front and enable the development of an effective project plan. That, in turn, should help you build repeatable processes for meeting your integration needs -- and that should be the ultimate goal of any initiative.
David Loshin is president of Knowledge Integrity Inc., a consulting, training and development services company that works with clients on business intelligence, big data, data quality, data governance and master data management initiatives. He also is the author of numerous books, including Big Data Analytics and The Practitioner's Guide to Data Quality Improvement. Email him at loshin@knowledge-integrity.com.
Email us at editor@searchdatamanagement.com and follow us on Twitter: @sDataManagement.
The Economic Value of Data –ComputerWeekly.com
Analytics & Data Warehousing Reader Survey Europe –ComputerWeekly.com
Dig Deeper on Big data management
IT consultants eye big data future, predict analytics trends
Mike Ferguson on a decade of Hadoop
MapR does JSON format; Teradata goes on AWS
By: Jack Vaughan
David Loshin asks:
What's the biggest challenge you see on integrating big data technologies into data warehouse environments?
Enterprise data warehouse architecture endures -- and... – SearchDataManagement
Think Big Analytics' Bodkin: Big data adoption means ... – SearchDataManagement
Data warehouse software not ready for retirement in ... – SearchDataManagement
SearchDataManagement - 15 Jan 2014 7:46 AM


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Percy Harvin As Roberto Clemente. Discuss.
By mlmintampa Sep 19, 2007, 12:07pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: Percy Harvin As Roberto Clemente. Discuss.
My two favorite sports are baseball and college football, so it's natural to me to look at the similarities of each sport. But even I surprised myself last Saturday when I left the UT-Florida game thinking that Percy Harvin was college football's Roberto Clemente.
I'm not saying their personalities are the same (one was removed from high school sports in his senior year for fights, the other handled racism with class and dignity). Both are game changers, but players whose stats don't always tell the full story. And while we sit in awe at their talents, we have to deal with constant health concerns between games.
For Percy, we will have to constantly worry about his knees and ankles. For Clemente, it was a bad back from a car accident and numerous arm and leg problems. Soon, people started calling Clemente a hypochondriac. Now, Gator fans have to deal with reports of Percy being held out of practice due to injuries and there are rumors that he isn't exactly a great guy in practice.
Clemente made fans ooh and aah with his throws from right field to nail runners heading for third or home. Plus, many of his 3000 hits came when he stretched singles into doubles and doubles into triples. But he never had many homers, our modern measurement of a great ballplayer.
With Percy, his time to shine is between the 20s (unless Urban is going to call more pass plays on UF's one yard line). He racks up almost 200 yards of total offense against Tennessee but had only one TD. This season he has 371 yards of offense and three TDs. That's the same amount as Riley Cooper and one less than Kestahn Moore. But, we all seem to agree that Percy is a better athlete than either of those guys.
Percy is lacking the one thing though; he is not yet beloved. Part of Clemente's legacy is the fact that people remember him with such reverence. Not only did he die in a heroic manner (in a plane crash on the way to deliver supplies to Nicaraguan earthquake victims), his manner and play made him a hero to millions.
It's impossible to expect Percy to do something similar, but there is no reason why he can't become a Tim Tebow-like figure. I'm not asking Percy to go to the Philippines on a missionary visit, but we want our players to be more than heroic. In the history of Florida football, Tebow is a successor to Wuerffel, who is helping to rebuild New Orleans. Maybe Percy can do something charitable too. Then my comparison won't seem like blasphemy.


text:
Basalt council OKs medical pot rules
Scott Condon
scondon@aspentimes.com
Basalt could have two medical marijuana dispensaries opening in the first quarter of 2014 after the Basalt Town Council took action Tuesday night to update rules and end a moratorium.
The council voted 6-0 in a first reading to approve new regulations for medical marijuana facilities drafted by the town staff. They also voted to establish where such facilities could operate in Basalt. A second reading of both ordinances will be held Jan. 14.
Once the rules are in place, the council plans to repeal its moratorium on medical marijuana dispensaries, members said at an earlier meeting. The current moratorium is in place until October.
If all goes as planned, operators will have to apply to the state for approval of a location and for a license, according to Town Manager Mike Scanlon. If they get state approval, they will apply to the town for approval of the location and a license.
"I would expect that within 90 to 120 days we would have two Medical Marijuana Centers in Basalt, could be sooner," Scanlon said in an email.
The town's regulations will allow only two dispensaries. An existing license apparently is active although the dispensary isn't open, Scanlon said. The second license would be awarded, after the rules are approved, on a first-come, first-served basis, Scanlon said.
The town will modify existing rules to allow dispensaries to display one sign of 6 square feet. The old regulation didn't allow any advertising.
The old rules also allowed medical marijuana dispensaries to operate only in medical facilities. The new rules expand locations to include some properties with the "industrial" zone in the Basalt business center along Willits Lane and in the Southside neighborhood.
Basalt is not approving grow or cultivation operations or manufacturing facilities. In addition, rules for recreational marijuana dispensaries will be handled separately over the next six months, according to Planning Director Susan Philp.
In other action Tuesday night, the Basalt Town Council:
• Awarded the sales of $5.01 million in general obligation bonds to Stifel Nicolaus & Co., of Memphis, Tenn. Basalt held its first-ever competitive sale and attracted 10 bidders, including national players such as Piper Jaffray & Co. as well as Denver-based powerhouse George K. Baum & Co. The town will receive its funds on Dec. 30. About $3 million will be applied to a project on the Roaring Fork River to ease the flooding threat, restore riverbanks, build a park and raise the level of developable land out of the floodplain. The other funds refinance prior bonds at a lower interest rate. Basalt got an "AA" rating from Standard & Poor's Rating Services. Only two grades are higher. The rating service said Basalt has an "adequate economy, which benefits from high wealth and income indicators, despite concentrated employment opportunities." The rating also credited the town government with "strong management and good financial-management policies." In another note, Standard and Poor's contended that one-quarter to one-third of the houses in the town are second homes.
• Approved increases to various fees and fines — from Planning Department fees to parking fines — for the first time in about 10 years. The Police Department fees and fines will have a 25 percent surcharge to raise funds for officer training. Police Chief Gregg Knott said he set fines by figuring the average for similar offenses in Aspen, Snowmass Village, Carbondale and Glenwood Springs and subtracting 25 percent for the Basalt base fine. That way, the 25 percent surcharge for officer training won't add to the overall expense for the party being fined or paying a fee, he said.
Adopted a 2014 Final Work Plan, which sets priorities for the town government for the next year. The council also adopted a 10-year "expenditure framework" for Parks, Open Space and Trails funds.
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text:
Namespace Database (NSDB) Protocol for Federated File Systems
RFC - Proposed Standard (March 2015; No errata)
Was draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol (nfsv4 WG)
James Lentini , Renu Tewari , Chuck Lever
draft-tewari-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol
GENART Telechat Review (of -14): Ready with Nits
GENART Last Call Review (of -13): Ready with Nits
SECDIR Last Call Review: Ready
TSVDIR Early Review
Martin Stiemerling
Spencer Shepler (sshepler@microsoft.com) is the document shepherd.
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                        J. Lentini
Request for Comments: 7532                                        NetApp
Category: Standards Track                                      R. Tewari
ISSN: 2070-1721                                              IBM Almaden
C. Lever, Ed.
This document describes a file system federation protocol that
enables file access and namespace traversal across collections of
independently administered fileservers.  The protocol specifies a set
of interfaces by which fileservers with different administrators can
form a fileserver federation that provides a namespace composed of
the file systems physically hosted on and exported by the constituent
fileservers.
Lentini, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 1]
RFC 7532        NSDB Protocol for Federated File Systems      March 2015
1.1. Requirements Language ......................................5
2. Overview of Features and Concepts ...............................5
2.1. File-Access Protocol .......................................5
2.2. File-Access Client .........................................5
2.3. Fileserver .................................................5
2.4. Referral ...................................................5
2.5. Namespace ..................................................6
2.6. Fileset ....................................................6
2.7. Fileset Name (FSN) .........................................6
2.8. Fileset Location (FSL) .....................................7
2.8.1. The NFS URI Scheme ..................................8
2.8.2. Mutual Consistency across Fileset Locations ........10
2.8.3. Caching of Fileset Locations .......................11
2.8.4. Generating a Referral from Fileset Locations .......12
2.9. Namespace Database (NSDB) .................................13
2.9.1. NSDB Client ........................................14
2.10. Junctions and Referrals ..................................14
2.11. Unified Namespace and the Root Fileset ...................15
2.12. UUID Considerations ......................................15
3. Examples .......................................................16
3.1. Creating a Fileset and Its FSL(s) .........................16
3.1.1. Creating a Fileset and an FSN ......................17


Every once in a while it is necessary to flatten a thin piece of metal, such as a piece of aluminum dash trim. The object itself might be bent, creased or marred with little dents and dings, and it's very hard to smooth such things out without an English wheel or great skill with rubber hammers.
A good way to get the job done is to place the piece between two flat pieces of wood (such as 3/4 inch plywood or straight 2x4). Position the piece carefully and then sandwich it between the wood blocks, clamping it solidly in as many places as you can fit your clamps, or weight it down with cinder blocks.
Leave the sandwiched piece alone for about 24 hours. When you take everything apart you will marvel at how nicely flat the piece has become. The wood surface is relatively soft when compared with the metal, so it won't hurt the finish at all.


text:
'Fearless Girl' to leave Wall Street's 'Charging Bull'
The "Fearless Girl" and "Charging Bull" sculptures, in New York's Financial District, are covered with snow, on March 21, 2018. (AP)
The Associated Press, New York Thursday 19 April 2018
The "Fearless Girl" statue near Wall Street that has become a global symbol of female can-do business spirit will be moved from her spot facing the "Charging Bull" to a location by the New York Stock Exchange.
The ponytailed girl in a windblown dress became an internet sensation last spring when the artwork popped up confronting the famous bull that was a symbol of the American financial resilience in the wake of the 1987 stock market crash.
State Street Global Advisors, the firm that installed the "Fearless Girl" statue in March 2017, said on Thursday that it will be moved by the end of the year.
"Fearless Girl" was designed to call attention to a State Street initiative to increase the number of women on corporate boards.
FEARLESS GIRL
Protests held in NY against Trump immigration plans
Whats in a bust: Row in India as Lenin statue razed to ground after elections
Harvey Weinstein 'Casting Couch' statue unveiled ahead of Oscars
Dubai unveils record-breaking Mickey Mouse statue made of 100,000 flowers


Rising rents and wrecking balls are transforming the valley at a pace we haven't seen. As owner-operated institutions exit to make way for the latest and greatest—ramen from Tokyo, shirtings from across the Atlantic—and modest mid-century buildings give up their seats to accommodate another cluster of rectangles with big numbers on them, we can take comfort in knowing that some traditions persist.
Since starting the valley's first and longest-running reader-chosen "best of" list more than a third of a century ago, Metro has provided a yearly snapshot of a dynamic region's perpetual evolution.
Here in the South Bay we have home-grown mixologists, shaking up innovative cocktails and mad-genius hop-heads, brewing all shades and flavors of craft beer. There are entrepreneurial hair stylists and internationally recognized tattoo artists, who look to the local population as their walking canvases.
Some of the most prestigious chefs in the world work just down the road from scrappy, up-and-coming restaurateurs with true culinary vision. And even in Silicon Valley, where disruption of traditional business models is considered a virtue, we still have brick and mortar record shops, book stores and tinkerers with dirt under their nails—men and women who will gladly teach you how to tune up your bicycle, wield a welding torch or plant an edible (or perhaps smokeable) garden.
We colluded with the smartest readers any publication could be blessed with, and the results exonerate themselves. Silicon Valley is more than a place where Oprah shows up to endorse technology products. It's where we go to work every morning, enjoy dinner every night and where we live out our colorful lives. So let's make the best of it.


Main Title American combustion pyretron destruction system : applications analysis report.
CORP Author Acurex Corp., Jefferson, AR.;Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Collation ix, 45 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
Main Title An Analysis of state Superfund programs : 50-state study, 1991 update.
Collation 267 pages : illustrations, maps ; 28 cm.
Collation vi, 259 pages : illustrations, maps ; 28 cm.
Main Title ARARs Q's and A's : state ground water antidegradation issues.
Main Title AST '94 (Aboveground Storage Tanks). Held in Dallas, Texas on September 27-29, 1994.
Main Title Best demonstrated and available technology (BDAT) background document for K028, K029, K095, K096 : proposed.
Author Jones, L. ; Berlow, J.
Main Title Environmental Laws and Regulations Relating to Medical Waste Disposal.
Author Smith, M. D. ; Perry, R. L. ; Stewart, G. F. ; Holloway, W. A. ; Jones, F. R.
CORP Author Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.;Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Collation 204 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
Author Lord, Arthur E. ; Koerner, R. M.
CORP Author Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.;Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Subjects Refuse and refuse disposal--Safety measures. ; Waste disposal in the ground--Safety measures. ; Waste disposal sites--Safety measures.
Main Title How to develop your own UST field citation program.


The major focus of our laboratory has been the development and implementation of new technologies. Our motivation is that a novel technology can catalyze research across a spectrum of biological investigations, often leading to multiple applications beyond those initially envisioned. Technology development has led us to experimental questions that we had previously not explored, stimulated collaborations with computational biologists, biochemists and structural biologists, and provided opportunities to contribute to findings in medicine, as through studies of cancer-associated proteins, polyglutamine aggregation, aging, Toll-like receptors and malaria. Technology development is a challenging and oftentimes risky area of biology, but it is integral to scientific progress.
Much of our research has centered on methods of protein analysis, although we have also put substantial effort into methodologies to analyze DNA and RNA and to further synthetic biology approaches in yeast. We have also recently initiated projects that seek to engineer bacteriophages for multiple purposes. We are able to pursue questions in multiple directions, initiating new projects as creative ideas emerge or findings from other labs impact our own work. Our philosophy on technology development is to pursue projects that can address important questions in basic biology or medicine, that can be readily applied by other labs, and that take advantage when possible of our expertise with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Some members of our group have concentrated on wholly new technologies, some have adapted existing ones, and others have focused on addressing biological questions by applying the lab's expertise in technology. Our group is typically 10 to 12 members, unified by an interest in methodology, the use of common reagent sets and genomic or proteomic platforms, and a sharing of computational tools.
© 2018 University of Washington, The Fields Lab.


text:
Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature
NPP > JOURNALS > STTCL > Vol. 27 > Iss. 2 (2003)
Malone Dies and the Beckettian Mimesis of Inexistence
Eric P. Levy, University of British Columbia
Malone dies, terminal, terminally, mimetic, mimetic convention, terminally minimalized, Beckettian mimesis, existence, axioms, axiom, decomposed, life, death, inexistence, transcendental, transcendentalism, subjectivity, kenosis, evacuatio, self-emptying, Samuel Beckett
In the novel, it is not so much that Malone dies as that a mimetic convention concerning the representation of life is terminated or, more precisely, terminally minimalized. Through this reduction of life, Beckettian mimesis is enabled to represent a mode of existence unencumbered by antecedent associations or presuppositions. As the "axioms" (MD 187) and conventions regarding the significance of life are debunked or decomposed, the mimesis of inexistence emerges. But as this state of inexis tence is riddled with paradoxes, an intellectual device is required to facilitate analysis of it. The device in question concerns what metaphysics terms "transcendentals," which determine how we experience what we experience, and thus constrain the boundaries and possibilities of subjectivity. But far from mimicking the method of transcendental phenomenology to uncover the functions by which structure is constituted or filled in, Beckettian mimesis, as exemplified in Malone Dies, seeks instead to represent the process by which structure and order are drained. The hallmark of Beckettian mimesis is the representation of the process by which consciousness is emptied of the content which inexists in it. The deeper implications of this remarkable evacuation can be explored by reference to the doctrine of the kenosis or evacuatio (self-emptying).
Levy, Eric P. (2003) "Malone Dies and the Beckettian Mimesis of Inexistence ," Studies in 20th Century Literature: Vol. 27: Iss. 2, Article 8. https://doi.org/10.4148/2334-4415.1560
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Engaging the Pastoral: Social, Environmental, and Artistic Critique in Contemporary Pastoral Literature
A Planetary Republic of Comic Book Letters: Drawing Expansive Narrative Boundaries
Writing 1914-1918: National Responses to the Great War
On 24/7: Neoliberalism and the Undoing of Time
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ANSWER; My names are Eddy Noma a Nigerian upcoming Artist based in Italy.
QUESTION; YOU SAID IT TOOK YOU 30 MONTHS SEARCH TO FIND YOUR FATHER HOW COME?
ANSWER; My Mother was pregnant of me and I was given birth to in Europe ever since I became a Teenager I have always desired to search for my DAD. I had made some efforts that failed until I met the President of the Nigerian Community in Rome Chief George Owere who helped me to do the final link.
QUESTION; WHO IS YOUR FATHER AND WHAT REALLY HAPPENED?
ANSWER; My Father is Orits Williki and I am very sorry I may not be able to tell you about all that happened because I was in my Mother's womb then but ever since I linked up with him he's been of lots of blessings and inspirations to me hitherto, people use to tell me of how big he is in Nigeria as a musician and that use to give me some excitements and inspirations because I have always known I was going to be a musician ; so when I eventually and initially opened links with him, he was of the strict opinion that I finish my Education first before anything else and he promised to give his full support when that time comes. So as soon as I graduated I said Nigeria here I come and true to his promise he hasn't disappointed me he actually produced me with support from some other young Producers in his beautiful Studio.
QUESTION; WHAT HAS MEETING HIM MET TO YOU?
ANSWER; Meeting him finally has been of great blessings to me in fact little was I told of how great he really is. He is a very humane, loving and intelligent personality, very committed, kind and also very humorous but very disciplined. I love these qualities so I am very proud of Him.
ANSWER; I play what I can call AFRO HIPLIFE POP because my music is a blend of AFRO BEAT HIGHLIFE AND HIP POP but well put together with special emphasis on live instrumentations so my music is not the usual preset beat from Fruity loops or software presets sounds; we create our sounds.
QUESTION; WHEN ARE WE EXPECTING THIS RELEASE?
ANSWER; As a matter of fact in few weeks. We are about hitting locations now for the video shoot.
0 Response to "''It took me 30 months search to find my father'' - Orits Wiliki's lost son, Eddy Noma says"


text:
Jack Clifton Garner
OSTERVILLE - Jack Clifton Garner, of Osterville, Massachusetts, slipped away gently on November 24, 2019, after 92 years of a rich and full life.
He was born on September 28, 1927, in Norwood, Massachusetts, one of five children of James Garner and Hannah Church Garner. He was predeceased by his brothers Edward (Ted) and James and his sister Mary and survived by his brother Donald Garner. He graduated from Norwood High School, where he excelled as a star runner. He then promptly attempted to enlist in the US Navy at age 17 under his given name John C. Garner. Summarily dismissed because of his age, he just as promptly re-applied, and "Jack" C. Garner, aged 18, was soon sailing towards Japan.
On his return, Jack started a 70-year love affair with his high school sweetheart Florence "Lore" Anne Manning. They quickly married and happily raised six children Stephen, Mark, Julie, Brian, Lisa, and the recently deceased Suellen. Jack attended Rhode Island School of Design and worked as a draftsman for Microwave Development Labs and Raytheon. He then found his true calling as a technical salesman with Carborundum Co., retiring as the Regional Sales Manager for the entire East Coast. He enjoyed a long career highlighted by not only business successes and accolades but enduring friendships with clients and co-workers built on his natural gift of making people like him.
Jack was known to all as a true gentleman in a time when the word had meaning, and his male friends regarded him as a man's man. He was by nature and by his actions a humble and kind-hearted man. He was a natural amateur athlete in high school and remained keenly competitive until the end. Among his pursuits were bowling, softball, and chess. Jack became a near scratch golfer after picking up the game in his forties, and he competed in golf tournaments into his eighties. He possessed a Yankee ingenuity, handled tools and equipment with natural ease, and undertook projects normally left to professionals as much to meet the challenge as to save money to feed his family of eight.
If asked, Jack might have said his greatest pride and achievement was his family. He is survived by eighteen grandchildren, fifteen great-grandchildren, eleven nieces and nephews, his brother Don and three dedicated and devoted daughters-in-law Nancy, Karen, and Laura.
Calling hours are scheduled from 2:00 to 4:00 pm Sunday, December 1st, at the John-Lawrence Funeral Home, 3778 Falmouth Road, Marston Mills, Massachusetts. A funeral service will be celebrated at Christ the King Chapel, 3 Job's Fishing Rd, Mashpee, Massachusetts, at 10:30 am on Monday, December 2nd, with a graveside service to follow at the Beechwood Cemetery. For online guestbook and directions, please visit www.johnlawrencefuneralhome.com.


A simple cheese tortellini called for some fresh greens from the garden last night. Wet with rain - how fantastic is Perpetual Spinach. Cut it off at the base and it grows right back, and so delicious. Next winter I'll be planting more.


text:
Lewy leaves it late to hand Poland victory over stubborn Armenians
October 11, 2016 by Ryan Hubbard Leave a comment
Robert Lewandowski scored a last-gasp header to hand Poland a 2-1 victory over Armenia in Warsaw. Ryan Hubbard reports from the Stadion Narodowy.
National Team, Reviews, Ryan Hubbard, World Cup 2018 Qualifying
September 4, 2016 by Ryan Hubbard Leave a comment
Adam Nawałka's Poland side got off to a disapointing start in Kazakhstan on Sunday evening, surrendering a two-goal lead to draw two-apiece at the Astana Arena.
We are Champions League: a draw enough for Legia to progress
August 24, 2016 by Ryan Hubbard Leave a comment
When the performances are assessed, and the verdicts handed out, it likely won't make pretty reading. Not a single Legia player stood out as offering an inspired performance in their second leg against Dundalk. But when the history books look back, they won't comment on an untidiness in possession or a lack of clinical instinct in front of goal. They will merely state that Legia Warsaw qualified for the group stages of the Champions League for the 2016/17 season.
Champions League, Ekstraklasa, Europe, Legia Warszawa, Reviews, Ryan Hubbard
Legia take a step closer to breaking Polish football's 20-year duck
In their 1996 hit Three Lions, Frank Skinner and David Baddiel sang "Thirty years of hurt never stopped me dreaming". It may now have only been twenty years for Polish football fans, but they will be able to dream much more easily tonight, as Legia Warsaw put one foot into the Champions League group stage with a 2-0 victory over Irish champions Dundalk.
Champions League, Europe, Legia Warszawa, Reviews, Ryan Hubbard
Ekstraklasa Matchday 31: Five Things we Learned
April 19, 2016 by Ryan Hubbard 1 Comment
The Ekstraklasa's points-split took effect last week, with drama both on and off-the-pitch deciding the league's outcome. Now entering the final seven rounds of the season, there is plenty to play for at both ends of the table, and plenty of talking points from Matchday number 31. Here are five of them:
Ekstraklasa, Górnik Zabrze, Legia Warszawa, Piast Gliwice, Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała, Pogoń Szczecin, Reviews, Ryan Hubbard, Wisła Kraków
Poland's second string Finnish the job (Report & Ratings)
A riotous performance saw Poland hit five goals for the third time under Adam Nawałka, as Finland were put to the sword with a comprehensive 5-0 victory in Wrocław, in the Poles' final game before their Euro 2016 warm-ups in June.
Friendly Games, National Team, Reviews, Ryan Hubbard
Cagey Poles pass Serbia test (Report & Ratings)
On a night where performance was much supposed to be much more important than result, Jakub Błaszczykowski's first-half volley was enough to separate Adam Nawałka's nervy Poles from a resilient visiting Serbian side on Wednesday evening.


text:
<?php

namespace Fungku\HubSpot\Api;

class BlogPosts extends Api
{
    /**
     * Create a new blog post.
     *
     * @param  array $params Optional Parameters.
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function create($params = [])
    {
        $endpoint = '/content/api/v2/blog-posts';

        $options['json'] = $params;

        return $this->request('post', $endpoint, $options);
    }

    /**
     * Get all blog posts.
     *
     * @param  array $params Optional parameters.
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function all($params = [])
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts";

        $queryString = $this->buildQueryString($params);

        return $this->request('get', $endpoint, [], $queryString);
    }

    /**
     * Update a blog post.
     *
     * @param  int   $id     The blog post id.
     * @param  array $params The blog post fields to update.
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function update($id, $params = [])
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}";

        $options['json'] = $params;

        return $this->request('put', $endpoint, $options);
    }

    /**
     * Delete a blog post.
     *
     * @param  int $id
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function delete($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}";

        return $this->request('delete', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Get a specific blog post.
     *
     * @param  int $id
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function getById($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}";

        return $this->request('get', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Updates the auto-save buffer. Live objects will not be impacted.
     *
     * @link http://developers.hubspot.com/docs/methods/blogv2/put_blog_posts_blog_post_id_buffer
     *
     * @param  int   $id     The blog post ID.
     * @param  array $params Allowed parameters.
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function updateAutoSaveBuffer($id, $params = [])
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/buffer";

        $options['json'] = $params;

        return $this->request('put', $endpoint, $options);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the current contents of the auto-save buffer.
     *
     * @param  int $id The blog post ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function getAutoSaveBufferContents($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/buffer";

        return $this->request('get', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Clone the blog post.
     *
     * @param  int $id The blog post ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function clonePost($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/clone";

        return $this->request('post', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the auto-save buffer differs from the live blog post.
     *
     * @param  int $id The blog post ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function hasBufferedChanges($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/has-buffered-changes";

        return $this->request('get', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Either publishes or cancels publishing based on the POSTed JSON.
     *
     * Allowable actions are: "push-buffer-live", "schedule-publish", "cancel-publish".
     * "push-buffer-live": copies the current contents of the auto-save buffer into the live object.
     * "schedule-publish": which pushes the buffer live and then sets up the content for publishing at
     *     the existing publish_date time.
     * "cancel-publish": cancels a previous schedule-publish action.
     *
     * @param  int    $id     The blog post ID
     * @param  string $action The publish action
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function publishAction($id, $action)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/publish-action";

        $options['json'] = ['action' => $action];

        return $this->request('post', $endpoint, $options);
    }

    /**
     * Copies the contents of the auto-save buffer into the live blog post.
     *
     * @param  int $id The blog post ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function pushBufferLive($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/push-buffer-live";

        return $this->request('post', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Restores a previously deleted blog post.
     *
     * @param  int $id The blog post ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function restoreDeleted($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/restore-deleted";

        return $this->request('post', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Validates the auto-save buffer version of the blog post.
     *
     * @param  int $id The blog post ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function validateBuffer($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/validate-buffer";

        return $this->request('post', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * List previous versions of the blog post.
     *
     * @param  int $id The blog post ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function versions($id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$id}/versions";

        return $this->request('get', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Get a previous version of the blog post.
     *
     * @param int $post_id    The blog post ID
     * @param int $version_id The version ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function getVersion($post_id, $version_id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$post_id}/versions/{$version_id}";

        return $this->request('get', $endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Restore a previous version of the blog post.
     *
     * @param int $post_id    The blog post ID
     * @param int $version_id The version ID
     * @return \Fungku\HubSpot\Http\Response
     */
    public function restoreVersion($post_id, $version_id)
    {
        $endpoint = "/content/api/v2/blog-posts/{$post_id}/versions/restore";

        $options['json'] = compact('version_id');

        return $this->request('post', $endpoint, $options);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
try:
    import Queue as queue
except ImportError:
    import queue

from helpers import Struct

class uiParameter(Struct):
    """uiParameter represents a single GUI element that is used to build a parameter window
       in the UI (simulator event "make_param_window").

       It has one parameter, ``type``, that defines the type of the parameter. Possible parameter
       types are GROUP, INT, FLOAT, BOOL and SELECT.
    """

    GROUP, INT, FLOAT, BOOL, SELECT = 0,1,2,3,4

    def __init__(self, elem_type):
        self.type = elem_type

class uiGroup(uiParameter):
    def __init__(self, contents):
        uiParameter.__init__(uiParameter.GROUP)
        self.contents = contents

class uiInt(uiParameter):
    def __init__(self, value, min_value = -100, max_value = 100):
        uiParameter.__init__(self, uiParameter.INT)
        self.value = value
        self.min_value = min_value
        self.max_value = max_value

class uiFloat(uiParameter):
    def __init__(self, value, step = 1.0, min_value = -1000.0, max_value = 1000.0):
        uiParameter.__init__(self, uiParameter.FLOAT)
        self.value = value
        self.step = step
        self.min_value = min_value
        self.max_value = max_value

class uiBool(uiParameter):
    def __init__(self, value):
        uiParameter.__init__(self, uiParameter.BOOL)
        self.value = value

class uiSelect(uiParameter):
    def __init__(self, value, value_list):
        uiParameter.__init__(self, uiParameter.SELECT, value, value_list)
        self.value = value
        self.value_list = value_list

class SimUI:
    """The SimUI class defines a front-end for the :class:`~simulator.Simulator`.
       It contains the necessary functions for the frontend-simulator communication
       and stubs for the message callbacks.

       This class manages three important objects:

       * The simulator, as ``self.simulator_thread``
       * The incoming simulator events, as ``self.in_queue``
       * The outgoing simulator commands, as ``self.sim_queue``

       The constructor of SimUI takes a :class:`~renderer.Renderer` object as parameter.
       This renderer will be passed to the simulator to draw on.
    """
    def __init__(self, renderer, simulator_class):

        self.event_handler = None

        self.sim_queue = queue.Queue()

         # create the simulator thread
        self.simulator_thread = simulator_class(renderer, self.sim_queue)

        self.in_queue = self.simulator_thread._out_queue

        self.simulator_thread.start()

    def register_event_handler(self, event_handler):
        """Register a callback that will be executed to process the
        """
        self.event_handler = event_handler

    def unregister_event_handler(self):
        """Unregister a previously registered event handler.
        """
        self.event_handler = None

    def process_events(self, process_all = False):
        """Processes one or all incoming events from the simulator. A single
           event is a tuple (name,args). During the processing of the event,
           the function ``simulator_``\ *name* will be called with args as parameters.

           It is strongly discouraged to create new class methods with the name
           starting with `simulator_`. Such functions could be called from
           the simulator without your consent.

           Unknown or malformed events will lead to an error message printed
           to the console.
        """
        while not self.in_queue.empty():
            tpl = self.in_queue.get()
            if isinstance(tpl,tuple) and len(tpl) == 2:
                name, args = tpl

                intercepted = False
                if self.event_handler is not None:
                    intercepted = self.event_handler(name,args)

                if not intercepted:
                    # Scramble
                    name = "simulator_{}".format(name)
                    if name in self.__class__.__dict__:
                        try:
                            self.__class__.__dict__[name](self,*args)
                        except TypeError:
                            print("Wrong UI event parameters {}{}".format(name,args))
                            raise
                    else:
                        print("Unknown UI event '{}'".format(name))
            else:
                print("Wrong UI event format '{}'".format(tpl))
            self.in_queue.task_done()
            if not process_all:
                return

    def run_simulator_command(self,command,*args):
        """Sends the command *command* to the simulator. All arguments after
           *command* are passed to the command processing function on the simulator side.

           See :class:`~simulator.Simulator` for the available commands.
        """
        self.sim_queue.put((command, args))

    # Simulator processing functions : stubs

    def simulator_make_param_window(self,robot_id,name,parameters):
        """A request from the supervisor to create a parameter window.
           *robot_id* is guaranteed to uniquely identify a robot in a simulation.
           Currently, *robot_id* is the actual robot object.
           It can be used e.g. to extract the color of the robot as ``robot_id.get_color()``.
           *name* is the desired window name, and *parameters* is the structure
           returned by :meth:`~supervisor.Supervisor.get_ui_description`.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('SimUI.simulator_make_param_window')

    def simulator_running(self):
        """A notification that the simulation has been started."""
        raise NotImplementedError('SimUI.simulator_running')

    def simulator_paused(self):
        """A notification that the simulation has been paused."""
        raise NotImplementedError('SimUI.simulator_paused')

    def simulator_reset(self):
        """A notification that the simulation has been reset."""
        raise NotImplementedError('SimUI.simulator_reset')

    def simulator_stopped(self):
        """A notification that the simulation has been stopped."""
        raise NotImplementedError('SimUI.simulator_stopped')

    def simulator_update_view(self):
        """A request to redraw the simulation window. This notification
           signifies that the simulation has stopped using the renderer,
           and is waiting for the UI to process this event.

           The simulation will be resumed after this function exits.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('SimUI.simulator_update_view')

    def simulator_exception(self,e_type, e_value, e_traceback):
        """An exception was raised in the simulator thread in the attempt
           to process an incoming command.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('SimUI.simulator_exception')

    def simulator_log(self, message, objclass, objcolor):
        """A log *message* was generated by one of the simulation objects
           of class *objclass*. The *objcolor* is the color of the simobject,
           in the case the object is connected to one, and None otherwise.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('SimUI.simulator_log')

    # Commands for the tester:

    def run_simulation(self):
        """Unpause the simulation."""
        self.run_simulator_command('start_simulation')

    def pause_simulation(self):
        """Pause the simulation."""
        self.run_simulator_command('pause_simulation')

    def step_simulation(self):
        """Advance the simulation one step if it is paused."""
        self.run_simulator_command('step_simulation')

    def start_testing(self):
        """Prepare the simulation environment for testing, e.g. disable
           user controls of the simulation progress."""
        pass

    def stop_testing(self):
        """Return UI back to normal operation."""
        pass

    #def get_view_parameters(self):
        #pass

    #def set_view_parameters(self,params):
        #pass

    #def new_renderer(self):
        #pass

    #def pop_renderer(self):
        #pass

    #def start_test(self):
        #"""This function will pause and 'cache' the currently running
           #simulation. A new `simulator.Simulator` will be started with
           #the control belonging to the tester object.
        #"""
        #self.antiteststruct = Struct()
        #self.antiteststruct.wasrunning = False
        ## 1) Pause simulator
        #if self.simulator_thread.is_running():
            #self.antiteststruct.wasrunning = True # Remember the setting
            #self.run_simulator_command('pause_simulation') # Pause simulation
            #self.process_events(True) # Process all events

        ## 2) Create new simulator
        #self.antiteststruct.simulator = simulator_thread
        #self.simulator_thread = sim.Simulator(self.instantiate_new_renderer(), self.sim_queue)
        #self.simulator_thread.start()

    #def stop_test(self):
        #"""This function will restore the cached simulation and
           #simulation. A new `simulator.Simulator` will be started with
           #the control belonging to the tester object.
        #"""
        #view_params = self.get_view_parameters()

        ## 1) Stop simulator
        #self.run_simulator_command('stop')
        #while self.simulator_thread.isAlive():
            #self.process_events(True)
            #self.simulator_thread.join(0.1)

        ## 2) Switch to old simulator
        #self.pop_renderer()
        #self.simulator_thread = self.antiteststruct.simulator

        ## 3) continue running
        #if self.antiteststruct.wasrunning:
            #self.run_simulator_command('pause_simulation')