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Drug Cultivation and Production in the Andes
DRUG TRAFFICKING, POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND U.S. POLICY IN
COLOMBIA IN THE 1990s
Dr. BRUCE MICHAEL BAGLEY
PROFESSOR OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
CORAL GABLES, FL.
This essay examines the impact of U.S. and Colombian government drug control policies on the evolution of drug cultivation, drug trafficking, and political violence in Colombia during the1990s. Its central thesis is that the Washington/Bogota-backed war on drugs in Colombia over the decade did not merely fail to curb the growth of the Colombian drug trade and attendant corruption, but actually proved counterproductive. Among the most important unintended consequences were the explosion of drug cultivation and production activities, the dispersion and proliferation of organized crime, and the expansion and intensification of political violence and guerrilla warfare in the country. As a result, Colombia at the outset of 2000 faced more serious threats to its national security and political stability than it had in 1990. The essay concludes that the massive escalation of the flawed anti-drug strategies of the past decade proposed by the Clinton administration in January 2000 is more likely to worsen Colombia's ongoing problems of spiraling violence and insecurity than to resolve them.
Drug Cultivation and Production in Colombia
Despite the U.S. Government's provision of almost one billion dollars in counternarcotics aid to Colombia over the decade of the 1990s, by 1999 Colombia had become the premier coca-cultivating country in the world, producing more coca leaf than both Peru and Bolivia combined.1 Between 1989 and 1998, Colombian coca leaf production increased by 140 percent, from 33, 900 to 81,400 metric tons. Even more remarkable, 1999 coca leaf production levels more than doubled the 1998 totals, reaching an estimated 220 tons. These dramatic increases in overall production reflected the fact that between1996 and 1999, the total number of hectares of coca leaf under cultivation in Colombia rose by almost 100 percent, from 68,280 to 120,000 hectares. This explosive expansion occurred in spite of a permanent Colombian National Police eradication program that sprayed a record 65,000 hectares of coca in 1998 alone (approximately 50 percent more than the total for 1997). This year – 2000-- the total area under cultivation is projected to rise to 200,000 hectares and could reach 500,000 hectares by 2002, if current rates of expansion continue over the next few years.2
Concomitantly, Colombia also maintained its status as the world's principal cocaine-refining nation, supplying some 80 percent (220 metric tons) of the total cocaine imports (approximately 300 metric tons) smuggled into the United States in 1999. In 2000 Colombia is expected to produce between 330 and 440 metric tons of pure cocaine from both domestically grown coca and from coca base smuggled in from Peru and Bolivia.
During the 1990s Colombian production of opium poppy (the raw material for heroin) also skyrocketed from zero in 1989 to 61 metric tons in 1998. While these production totals meant that Colombia still ranked as only as a relatively minor player in the world heroin market (less than 2 percent of total global supply), they did enable it to become the major heroin supplier to the eastern part of the United States by the end of the decade, exporting an estimated six metric tons of pure heroin yearly.
With approximately 5,000 hectares under cultivation, Colombia also continued to be an important producer of marijuana over the decade. In both 1998 and 1999 Colombia supplied about 40 percent (4,000 metric tons) of total annual cannabis imports into the U.S. market.
A study by Colombia's National Association of Financial Institutions (ANIF) reported that worldwide street sales of Colombian cocaine, heroin and marijuana totaled US$ 46 billion in 1999. Based on the assumption that less than 10 percent of total sales are repatriated to Colombia each year, ANIF estimated that the country's total earnings from the illicit drug trade amounted to approximately US$ 3.5 billion in 1999. This figure placed drug earnings close to the US$ 3.75 billion made from oil – the country's top export – and more than two and one half times earnings from coffe exports in 1999.3
These dismaying statistics notwithstanding, it would be inaccurate to conclude that the U.S.-sponsored "War on Drugs" in the Andean region as a whole was a total failure during the 1990s. In contrast to the Colombian situation, in Peru coca cultivation decreased by 27 percent between 1996 and 1997 alone, dropping from 96,000 hectares to 70,000 hectares. In 1999, fewer than 50,000 hectares of coca were cultivated in Peru. As a direct result, total Peruvian cocaine production also declined precipitously over the 1990s, from a high point of 606 metric tons in 1992 to 264 tons in 1998. In 2000, Peru was projected to produce just 192 metric tons. Since March 1998, however, resurgence in the price of Peruvian coca leaf has threatened to rekindle the growth of cultivation in that country.4
Like Peru, Bolivia also registered substantial declines in coca cultivation during the decade, dropping from 48,800 hectares in 1996 to 46,000 in 1997, and down to 38,000 hectares in 1998, while total cocaine production declined from 248 metric tons in 1992 to 77 tons in 1999. In 2000, Bolivian production was expected to drop further to just 55 metric tons.5
Much of the success of the U.S.-backed coca eradication and alternative development programs in Peru and Bolivia in the late 1990s is attributable to the disruption of the "air bridge" that had permitted Colombian trafficking organizations earlier in the decade to transport coca paste or "base" from these two central Andean countries into Colombia, where it was subsequently refined into cocaine and then smuggled into the United States. The air bridge effectively collapsed in late 1995 after the Peruvian air force, under orders from President Alberto Fujimori, began to shoot down suspected trafficker airplanes flying between Peru and Colombia. Indeed, during 1995 the Peruvians shot down 25 planes and forced many other suspect aircraft to land for inspection. As a result, between April and August 1995 demand for coca leaf in Peru plummeted and leaf prices dropped by more than 60 percent. Combined with the more aggressive eradication efforts undertaken by both the Peruvian and Bolivian governments (with U.S. financial backing) in 1996 and subsequent years, alternative development programs began to enjoy considerable success among the coca cultivating peasants in both countries. With the air bridge down, however, the Colombian traffickers rapidly expanded coca cultivation in Colombia, thus leading to Colombia's progressive displacement of Peru and Bolivia as the major coca cultivating country in the world during the late 1990s.6
In 1999 the continued success of Peru's highly lauded coca eradication program was in serious jeopardy as the price of coca leaf in the country shot back up over the year to two thirds of its previous 1995 high, thereby stimulating renewed peasant cultivation. Several factors appear to account for this reactivation of coca growing in Peru. First, Peruvian traffickers gradually found ways to reopen some air routes to Colombia and to replace others with road, river and sea routes, thus raising international demand for Peru's coca crop and making coca cultivation in the country more profitable. The decision by the U.S. government in May 1998 to suspend Awac and P-3 Orion surveillance flights over Peru in order to increase aerial spying over Colombia as trafficking activities increased there clearly reduced the Peruvians capacity to intercept drug flights over their national territory. The ability of the Peruvian police to carry out interdiction operations was further diminished when El Nino hit Peru in early 1998 and obliged the country's security forces to transfer helicopters and planes normally used in antidrug operations to the flooded Pacific coast for emergency aid duty. Similarly, a renewed outbreak of tensions between Peru and Ecuador in 1998 led the Peruvian military to send some planes to the border area temporarily, thereby reducing the availability of aircraft for interdiction activities. In late August 1999 the Clinton administration once again agreed to resume surveillance flights over Peru to help the Peruvian air force intercept smuggling planes.7
Second, more Peruvian traffickers began processing coca paste into refined cocaine within their own country, thereby increasing domestic demand for coca leaf in Peru. Third, cocaine consumption in Peru's major urban centers rose substantially in the late1990s (as it did in major urban centers throughout the region over the decade), thereby increasing the profitability of the local market and overall demand for coca leaf in Peru. Finally, the continued decline of coca leaf availability in Bolivia placed an additional premium on coca cultivation in Peru (and Colombia), especially in light of rising demand for cocaine in Europe, where street prices often ran twice as high as those current in the United States.8
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Linda Finca with 2400m2 all grassed with Wifi, satellite TV with 50 channels, swimming pool with waterfall, hydro and LED light, balcony, barbecue with wood stove in spacious, 40m2, dining room, kitchen American style, 02 rooms with fans ceiling, 01 suite with TV. There are accommodations for 12 people, but 04 will have to be accommodated in 01 retractable sofa in the living room and 01 two-bed in the dining room including more 04 people.
kitchen with all necessary utensils and also, blender, mixer, grill and microwave oven.
In the laundry room washer and washboard.
We have automatic artesian well and person for pool cleaning and maintenance. The LED light will turn on the night the color you want and the person remains the same color all night. Not deliver the remote control, please do not insist.
Access wheelchair by the back entrance. large bathroom but with a step to the shower area.
We allow pets but can not sleep in the house. We kennel and large balcony.
Distant about 15 minutes drive to the nearest beach, Bopiranga in Itanhaém. You will be in doubt if it is in the farm enjoys a swimming pool, barbecue and a sound or go to the beach and enjoys its delights.


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aFourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, December 2009.
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Getbig Bodybuilding, Figure and Fitness Forums
Getbig Bodybuilding, Figure and Fitness Forums > Getbig Main Boards > Politics and Political Issues Board (Moderators: Ron, Dos Equis, OzmO, polychronopolous) > Trump = Winning
Author Topic: Trump = Winning (Read 217179 times)
Soul Crusher
Getbig V
Doesnt lie about lifting.
Re: Trump = Winning
Quote from: Nick Danger on May 19, 2017, 07:20:24 AM
Michelle Obama didn't...
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Quote from: Soul Crusher on May 19, 2017, 07:27:08 AM
Twitter co-founder: I'm sorry if we made Trump's presidency possible
The Washington Post ^ | 05/21/2017 | Avi Selk
Posted on 05/22/2017 12:16:08 PM PDT by Trump20162020
If anyone knows how important Twitter is to Donald Trump, it's the president.
"Without the tweets, I wouldn't be here," he told the Financial Times last month.
To which Twitter's co-founder says: Sorry about that, world.
"I thought once everybody could speak freely and exchange information and ideas, the world is automatically going to be a better place," Evan Williams told the Times. "I was wrong about that."
"If it's true that he wouldn't be president if it weren't for Twitter, then yeah, I'm sorry," he said.
(Excerpt) Read more at washingtonpost.com ...
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Nick Danger
Carrier laying off 632 employees, closing plant despite Trump promises
http://www.syracuse.com/business-news/index.ssf/2017/05/carrier_corp_layoffs_plant_trump.html
http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2017/05/24/california-farmworker-shortage
Trump Lectures NATO Allies To Their Faces As They Look On In Awkward Silence
Uncova. com ^ | 5-25-2017
Posted on 5/25/2017, 1:22:06 PM by blam
President Donald Trump on Thursday lectured a group of leaders from member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization over not contributing their "fair share" in defense spending.
Standing beside Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg at NATO headquarters in Brussels, Trump blasted the nearly two-dozen member countries that have not met their "financial obligations" to increase defense spending to 2% of GDP.
This is not fair to the people and taxpayers of the United States, and many of these nations owe massive amounts of money from past years," said as the other leaders stood in awkward silence.
"We should recognize that with these chronic underpayments and growing threats, even 2% of GDP is insufficient to closing gaps in modernizing readiness and the size of forces. We have to make up for the many years lost," he said.
Trump noted that 23 of the 28 NATO members have still not met the 2% commitment, arguing that the alliance would have had an additional $119 billion "for our collective defense" last year if the quota had been met.
"If NATO countries made their full and complete contributions, then NATO would be even stronger than it is today, especially from the threat of terrorism," Trump said.
(Excerpt) Read more at uncova.com ...
Quote from: The Ugly on May 13, 2017, 11:16:16 PM
Is he still winning? Also, if he were losing, what might that look like?
If he were losing, he'd be looking like Trudeau:
http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2017/05/28/clapper_no_smoking_gun_for_trump-russia_collusion.html
KABOOM@!!!!!!
'How Much Crow Are You Going To Eat?' John Sununu Owns CNN's Camerota … On CNN
Mediaite ^ | 30 May 2017 | Matthew Balan
Posted on 5/30/2017, 10:39:51 AM by mandaladon
John Sununu blasted the media on CNN's New Day on Tuesday over their coverage of the investigation into Russia's alleged meddling in the 2016 presidential campaign.
Anchor Alisyn Camerota asked Sununu, "Is there anything about the Russian — investigation connected to the Trump campaign that troubles you?"
The former governor replied by going on the offensive against the media: "Yeah, but the reporting that's taking place and the exaggeration of the veniality…look, it's now seven months since the election; and to this day, no one has cited a single piece of evidence."
The two then sparred over the recent report that Jared Kushner met with a Russian banker with close ties to Vladimir Putin.
"So Jared Kushner meeting with a major Russian banker…that has connections to Vladimir Putin — nothing to see there?," Camerota wondered.
Sununu countered, in part, "I think there's anything there…because during the ten weeks [of the transition], everybody is trying to meet somebody who is going to be in the administration — everybody who's involved in business; everybody who is involved in politics — I can't tell you how many people tried to meet with me."
The CNN anchor asked a series of follow-up questions that put the Trump supporter in Kushner's supposed position. The guest retorted, "Look, you're asking hypotheticals on hypotheticals." Camerota shot back, "I'm trying to actually take your temperature. I'm trying to gauge your comfort level with all of this."
Sununu resumed his offensive on the media: "The only discomfort I have is with folks in the media trying to create a veniality without having the courage to specifically tell me what the veniality that I should concerned about is."
(Excerpt) Read more at mediaite.com ...
I watched that; very entertaining.
mazrim
http://www.dailywire.com/news/16990/trump-sending-so-many-gang-members-back-el-joseph-curl
Why Trump's first trip abroad was a success
The Hill ^ | May 30, 2017 | JuanPablo Andrade
President Trump this week concluded his first trip abroad. Despite extreme negativity from the media, the trip was one of the most successful by any president in recent memory.
During the trip, Trump visited the ancestral homelands of the three monotheistic faiths: Islam, Judaism and Christianity. It was his opportunity to express his foreign policy plans in a religious context, and he succeeded by staying on message.
While in Saudi Arabia, President Trump met with Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al, the rest of the royal family, and over 50 Arab and Muslim leaders. The Saudis were not happy with the Obama administration, and especially with many of their policies dealing with the Middle East. Trump's visit showed his dedication to repairing Washington's ties with our closest Arab ally. The Saudis welcomed the U.S. with open arms and with respect not shown during the Obama era.
It was clear Israel was also a top priority. Trump might very well be capable of doing something that no president has ever been able to do before. Peace between the Palestinians and the Israelis could actually be achievable if Trump can bring them together against a common enemy: Shiite-led Iran, a country that has no intention of being a positive force in the Middle East and is still one of the world's top state sponsors of terrorism.
For years, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has sought to negotiate relations with Arab nations in a bid to counter their common enemy. Trump showed support for Netanyahu's initiatives to recalibrate Israel's relationship with its Arab neighbors, as well as for resolving the standoff with the Palestinians.
Our allies must undermine the ideology of those who want to harm their own citizens, a goal towards which Trump has been working. It is an ongoing and consistent message because the threats are advancing and becoming much more consistent. And as the threats continue to advance, it's imperative that the U.S. military and our allies have the tools necessary to do the job.
Liberal critics and the media will say what they want, but Trump's speeches in the Middle East were very clear. The U.S. is fighting an ideology — Islamic extremism — and not the religion of Islam.
Trump continued his trip to NATO headquarters in Brussels and at the G-7 Summit in Sicily, moving forward with the message of unity among our NATO allies. While terrorism was a topic of discussion, Trump confronted world leaders and demanded that they start finally paying their NATO dues. Of the 28 member countries, only four besides the United States spend the required two percent of GDP on defense. And on top of their current dues, they owe massive amounts from past years.
NATO is essential to international security from all threats, but in reality, NATO is not the fighting machine it should be. Not only is it unfair to the American taxpayers to continue to bear such a disproportionate burden, it weakens NATO's effectiveness.
We should be proud to have a president who asserts leadership on the world stage, who has a concrete plan to combat radical Islamic terrorists and wants to unite all of our allies against this common threat to all of humanity. Trump has certainly made great progress towards the goals of security and prosperity for all Americans, and as he said, he now has renewed hope that nations regardless of faiths, can work together.
Vietnam to sign deals for up to $17 billion in U.S. goods, services: prime minister
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-vietnam-idUSKBN18R02N?utm_campaign=trueAnthem:+Trending+Content&utm_content=592e25f904d301355b4da8dd&utm_medium=trueAnthem&utm_source=twitter
Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc said on Tuesday he would sign deals for U.S. goods and services worth $15 billion to $17 billion during his visit to Washington, D.C., mainly for high technology products and for services.
"Vietnam will increase the import of high technologies and services from the United States, and on the occasion of this visit, many important deals will be made," Phuc told a U.S. Chamber of Commerce dinner.
Quote from: Yamcha on May 26, 2017, 05:31:15 PM
Politics aside , let's compare the 2 men:
Trudeau - 32" waist, 15% BF and can get an erection naturally. Wife smiles when seeing him naked
Trump - 58" waist , 47% BF and can't get an erection without an IV of Viagra. Wife gets sick when seeing him naked.
CNN Terminates Kathy Griffin's Contract......BREAKING!
twitter.com ^ | 05-31-2017 | Twitter
CNN CommunicationsVerified account @CNNPR
CNN has terminated our agreement with Kathy Griffin to appear on our New Year's Eve program.
http://www.kmov.com/story/35558288/35-st-louis-area-convenience-store-owners-indicted-following-federal-raids
Awesome. Ship em out
Dakota Access pipeline expected to begin shipping Thursday
https://apnews.com/888a2c9746354a90a7984ba7daabb8c8/Dakota-Access-pipeline-expected-to-begin-shipping-Thursday?utm_campaign=SocialFlow&utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=AP
AbrahamG
Chaos is my fourth favorite hole!
You know as well as I do that when Melania and Ivanka are fucking the Donald that they are thinking of Justin Trudeau.
Quote from: AbrahamG on May 31, 2017, 08:29:45 PM
Sounds like you are the one dreaming of him
Hillary launches astonishing conspiracy claim that Trump won ,'colluded' with 1,000 Russian agents
Daily Mail UK ^ | June 1, 2017 | Daily Mail Reporters
Posted on 6/1/2017, 8:49:45 AM by COUNTrecount
Hillary launches astonishing conspiracy claim that Trump won the election because he 'colluded' with 1,000 Russian agents who filled Facebook with 'lies' and Twitter with 'bots'
Defeated Democrat is back on the speaking circuit, telling a Silicon Valley get-together about her election loss
Clinton says her defeat isn't her fault as she claims Russians and 'forces in this country' were out to defeat her
She claims 1,000 Russian agents were filling Facebook with 'lies' and the 'majority' of news on it was 'fake' Clinton said she was certain someone had 'colluded' so the Russians knew what fake news worked and added: 'I'm leaning towards Trump.'
Also blamed her own party for having poor-quality voter data, claimed she was the victim of misogyny, and that she was kept off the air by TV networks
Hillary Clinton launched an all-out assault on Donald Trump Wednesday, claiming he must have 'guided' Russian efforts to keep her out of the White House.
Openly saying that she believed he had 'colluded' with Russia, she made an astonishing series of claims about the presidential election, including claiming that the 'vast majority' of news about her on Facebook was 'fake'.
She even cited 'Pizzagate', claiming that claims she was involved in a child sex-trafficking network in a Washington D.C. restaurant had helped swing 'low information voters'.
Clinton spoke at a tech conference in Silicon Valley to an audience which applauded repeatedly as she outlined her allegations against Trump - a man she described as having a 'visceral grasp on America's political underbelly'.
The question and answer session is her latest return to public life after her defeat. It was unclear if she was paid for the appearance at the Codecon conference in Rancho Palos Verde.
(Excerpt) Read more at dailymail.co.uk ...
Private payrolls add 253K in May vs. 185K est.: ADP
Companies added 253,000 new jobs in May, well above expectations of 185,000 and April's 174,000.
Big growth areas were construction and professional and business services.
Job creation surged in May thanks to a jump in construction positions and a boom in professional and business services, according to a report Thursday from ADP and Moody's Analytics.
Private payrolls increased by 253,000, well ahead of expectations. Economists surveyed by Reuters expected the report to show that private payrolls grew by 185,000 in May from 174,000 in April.
The growth "is three times the rate of the growth in the underlying labor force," Mark Zandi, the chief economist at Moody's Analytics, told CNBC. "So that means the unemployment rate, which is 4.4 percent, is quickly headed to 4 percent. This labor market is rip-roaring and getting really tight."
http://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/01/adp-private-sector-payrolls-may-2017.html
BREAKING: AP sources: President Trump will announce plans to withdraw from Paris climate change accord.
Another campaign promise fulfilled.
Quote from: Yamcha on June 01, 2017, 10:51:14 AM
My FB feed is pure comedy today - between the trolling over the tweet, and now this - perhaps Trumps biggest accomplishment will be inducing mass suicide by these freaks.
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The bride was even stunned by the car, an Aston Martin DB10 which was used in 2015's James Bond movie 'Spectre', when leaving Windsor Castle to head to Royal Lodge for an evening reception.
AceShowbiz - Princess Eugenie traded her classic ride for something modern and a lot faster for the latter part of her royal wedding. The 28-year-old princess, who arrived at St. George's Chapel with her father Prince Andrew in a 1977 Rolls Royce Phantom VI, left Windsor Castle with her new husband James Brooksbank in a stylish sports car after the luncheon reception.
Upon arriving at the Equerry's entrance to make their way from Windsor Castle to Royal Lodge for their evening reception, the newlyweds were greeted by an Aston Martin DB10. The car was specially created for the 2015 James Bond film "Spectre". Only ten units were hand-built in-house by the British car manufacturer and eight of them were featured in the film starring Daniel Craig.
Eugenie was clearly stunned by the fancy ride, exclaiming, "Wow!" upon seeing it. She got help from her sister Princess Beatrice, who served the maid of honor at their wedding, to get into the car. Eugenie, who donned a long-sleeve dress by Peter Pilotto and Christopher De Vos, needed a few minutes to carefully fold the long train and fit it into the car. Jack, meanwhile, looked proud and excited to drive the sports car.
Princess Eugenie got into the sports car with the help of her sister, Princess Beatrice.
Aston Martin tweeted to the couple, "Congratulations to Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank! Leaving Windsor Castle in the Aston Martin DB10, built especially for James Bond."
Princess Eugenie's father, Prince Andrew, watched the car as it was brought up by the Royal Household's transport manager Alex Garty, who maneuvered it into position at Windsor Castle. The Duke of York wanted it a few feet forward and joked, "No pressure," as Garty gingerly inched the car forward.
Eugenie and Jack swapped vows on Friday afternoon, October 12 in front of 850 guests at St. George's Chapel. They also invited 1,200 members of the public to join them at their wedding. Prince Andrew reportedly delivered a cheeky speech during the luncheon reception, saying, "I don't write speeches, why should I write this one?"
Eugenie and James waved to the crowds when leaving Windsor Castle to head to Royal Lodge for an evening reception.
The newlyweds and their guests continued the wedding celebrations at an evening reception at Eugenie's father Prince Andrew's home, the Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park. She's expected to change her dress into something less formal for the evening reception.


text:
Now and Then, and then again…
Words, music, pictures, and more words
About Rob Barnes
'Ken Clarke in the radio car' – Part 1 of 2
It was in 1993 that our family was sitting around the kitchen table, debating how we could raise money for BBC Children in Need.
Various ideas were forthcoming, but football looms large in this family, certainly with the two boys and I, and the most manageable and 'do-able' idea seemed to be to assemble a collection of pennants from the 92 professional football league clubs, and then auction them as a job lot. The amount raised would be our contribution to the appeal. Importantly, we hadn't heard of anyone doing this previously.
So, grabbing the bull by the horns, the children compiled a hand-written letter, and we acquired a copy of the FA Yearbook which contained the names of all the clubs' Commercial Managers. We also thought it would be a good idea to enclose a large stamped return address envelope to make their job easier. Within a couple of weeks, we had received around half the pennants (plus lots of other signed memorabilia we hadn't asked for – fantastic!!).
By coincidence, I had been introduced to Alec King, Sunderland AFC's Club Secretary at a recent match – my company had a 'box' at Roker Park, the ground prior to the move to the brand-new Stadium of Light. I went to see Mr King, told him what we had done, and he suggested that if we were to attach a Sunderland AFC compliments slip with a note from Alec 'as helping out this family doing a good deed', it should help in our efforts to acquire some of the outstanding ones.
We took the trouble to let the BBC Radio Newcastle Children in Need office what we were doing, and they passed it on to the BBC CiN appeal HQ in London. I then received a phone call on behalf of Eddie Mair (then presenting the lunchtime programme on Radio 5 Live).
"Was I ever in London?" "Yes".
"Could you come in to the BBC and talk live on air about it?" Try stopping me.
The day arrived when I was in London on business, and an arrangement was made for me to go to the BBC. I duly turned up, and was ushered to where Radio 5 Live was broadcasting. The traffic news lady (Lynn Bowles at the time) welcomed me and saw to it that I had a coffee, before being brought in Eddie Mair's presence. He sat me down in the studio, directly opposite him, and we chatted briefly 'off air'.
He then explained that he would be turning either to me or 'Ken Clarke in the radio car', and at this moment he didn't know which. Ken Clarke at that time was a Government Minister – now, in 2020, he is the recently-retired Father of the House (of Commons), a title bestowed upon the MP with the longest record of continuous service. In his case, he became an MP in 1970.
I relaxed in the knowledge that a Government Minister would be rating slightly higher in the mind of the presenter and of the listening nation, than a one-off visit from a bloke from the North East talking about football pennants. I confess I switched off a little.
"Now, opposite me I have Rob Barnes, whose family has been collecting football pennants for Children in Need. Tell me, Rob, do you have any other collections?"
The words registered….aarghh, it was ME, not Ken Clarke. The light on my microphone shone brightly, telling me that the nation was holding its collective breath waiting for some words of wisdom from me. What a question!! Talk about being blind-sided by the presenter. Not having consciously collected anything of note over the preceding 40+ years, apart from stamps, and dead flies on the front of my car – neither of which was likely to lead to riveting conversation – the only thing I could think of, was, that over the last 10 years or so we had had 4 x Citroen 2CVs in the family. That at least made Mr Mair laugh, the ice was broken, and so we set off into a comfortable discussion about the collection of football pennants.
On the back of this, someone bid the princely sum of £600 on the Radio 5 Live auction. A brilliant result…..but that wasn't the end of the story.
The second instalment will be published tomorrow. 😁
Rob Barnes
Retired from normal economic activity, the pen still moves across the paper...
Now and Then, and then again...


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5 miles out of town on property which had been an old dairy farmstead.
Relax down by the dock in the chairs overlooking the water.
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Damage Deposit is refunded to you after your stay. No pets allowed at the Cabin. See our pet friendly Cottage if you are traveling with a pet. No large parties. No smoking inside or on the cedar porch. If you are pulling a trailer Please use extra caution crossing the bridge. The bridge is 10ft wide but some people have difficulty with the approach. Alternatively you might want to store your trailer in town during your stay.


text:
Residents in Aston Clinton fight to save 172-year-old local pub from closure
Campaigners outside the Rothschild Arms in Aston Clinton
Sam Dean
Published: 17:04 Monday 12 August 2019 Updated: 15:37 Tuesday 13 August 2019
A campaign group in Aston Clinton are desperately trying to save their 172-year-old local pub which is set to close its doors forever next month having been open since 1847.
Although the current tenants of the Rothschild Arms are keen to stay on, and have even in the past put in a bid to buy the pub, Punch brewery who own it have sold the site to property developers.
The Rothschild Arms, Aston Clinton
Aylesbury Vale District Council (AVDC), the planning authority, rejected the move but were over-ruled on appeal.
Campaigners, who have already raised approximately £15,000, are now in a race against time to save their beloved pub.
In their statement, the campaigners write:
"The Rothschild Arms has been a pub for 172 years. It is in Aston Clinton Buckinghamshire. It is the only pub left in the area that bears the name of the local Rothschild family.
A list of landlords and owners of the Rothschild Arms dating it back to 1847
"It is currently a viable business run, by a local couple, who live there with their six children, one of whom is only four months old. The pub hosts four darts teams, five pool teams, local scooter clubs, Aston Clinton Football Club, and various charities including the Royal British Legion and a local cancer charity."
Ironically, Punch have declared themselves supporters of the 'Long Live The Local' campaign to prevent pubs from closing. Clearly many residents of Aston Clinton are struggling to see how this pronouncement tallies with the decision about the future of their local.
The group have called their support for the campaign "a fiction," adding that the brewery are "only interested in money and not local communities."
One resident of Aston Clinton and regular at the Rothschild Arms said regarding the imminent closure:
The Rothschild Arms in the early 20th century
"To say we're gutted is an understatement - we just don't get it."
The Chief Executive Officer of Punch, Clive Chesser, provided the following statement:
"The Rothschild Arms was marketed for sale for almost two years, during which time we were unsuccessful in selling the pub as a going concern. We are investing record levels into our pub estate this year and we have a strong track record of supporting the retention of pubs in communities across the UK. Unfortunately we sometimes have to reach the difficult conclusion that a pub business is no longer viable, and we have to explore other options, although I would stress that this is rare. We have significantly subsidised The Rothschild Arms for several years, allowing it to stay open for as long as possible. Without this support, the pub does not provide a viable long-term business opportunity for an independent publican and it would be wrong for us to expect someone to take it on. We regret the disappointment that this decision may cause to the pub regulars and other members of the local community. We enjoy a positive working relationship with our publicans who run the pub on a temporary contract. We will continue to work closely with them, supporting them as they move to leave the pub, and we are hopeful that they will be able to continue to run other pubs with us in the future."
Met Office issues yellow weather warning for Buckinghamshire
The newly refurbished beach-style garden
Second defendant at Maids Moreton trial denies knowledge of friend's plan to defraud elderly victims
Planning application for new cemetery in Buckingham finally approved by district council - after four and a half year wait
Maids Moreton murder case gets TV documentary tonight on Channel 4
IN COURT: See who has been sentenced across Aylesbury Vale and beyond between December 24 2019 and January 4 2020
University of Buckingham launches matched funding tuition scheme for new business students
More from Buckingham Advertiser


Preventing hot car deaths in Singapore. What you need to know.
Leaving a child or pet in the car can result in heatstroke which can be life-threatening.
This is because the temperature inside a parked car in Singapore can rise rapidly within minutes even with the windows rolled down partially. The inside of a car can reach a deadly 40 deg C even when it is 29 deg C outside.
Heatstroke occurs when the body temperature rises to 40 deg C or higher. Heatstroke is the most severe form of heat injury and a medical emergency. If left untreated, it can cause organ damage and result in a painful death.
Children and pets cannot regulate their body temperature as well as adults, making them vulnerable to heatstroke as they are unable to get out of an overheated car.
Last August, Singapore Civil Defence officers were called in to rescue a five-month-old baby who had been locked in a car. The baby, thankfully, was unhurt.
But in April last year, a six-year-old boy in Malaysia died from heatstroke after being left in a stationary van for more than three hours. The van driver had not noticed he was still in the van when he locked it.
In another incident, a mother in Texas, United States, left her two toddlers overnight in a car. The girls died shortly after they were taken to a hospital for medical attention.
These tragedies could have been prevented if the adults involved had been more attentive.
Some car manufacturers have installed rear seat safety features to help prevent hot car deaths of forgotten pets and toddlers.
Some of these are Nissan's Rear Door Alert which detects if you have opened a rear door before your journey and alerts you via the dashboard and car horn to remind you to check the backseat after your journey ends. GM and Hyundai have similar features.
However, you should check with your manufacturer before assuming that your new Hyundai or Nissan automatically includes these features as each manufacturer makes different features available for different markets.
While these features are useful, it is impractical for most of us to be changing our cars, especially in Singapore where cars cost a bomb. The good news is there are more affordable ways to recreate the same safety measures in your current car.
*Leave a stuffed toy in the car seat when it's not being used and move it to the front when your child is in the back seat.
*Leave your wallet or purse in the back seat so you will always have to open the back door or at least look back to reach over before leaving the car.
*Look for free apps like The BackSeat that will send you reminders about checking your car seat when they sense your car has stopped moving.
These steps will help to prevent forgetfulness. If you are tempted to leave your child or pet behind in the car for the sake of convenience, please don't. As you now realise, it could put their lives at risk.
Also, the last thing you want is a Good Samaritan breaking open your car window to rescue your child or pet, resulting in damages. Note that your car insurer may not pay for the damages if they deem it to have occurred as a result of your negligence.
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U.S. leaders denounced the Maduro presidency as illegitimate as the dictator began his second term in Venezuela. Vice President Pence, Secretary of State Pompeo and National Security Advisor John Bolton weighed in on Twitter.
While condemning the authoritarian leader's illegitimacy, Pompeo and Bolton also expressed U.S. support for Venezuela's National Assembly.
Last year U.S. leaders including Vice President Pence blasted the Maduro regime and decried the election as illegitimate.
During a speech in 2018 Bolton identified Venezuela, along with Cuba and Nicaragua, as the "Troika of tyranny," leveling scathing criticism against the trio.
"This troika of tyranny, this triangle of terror stretching from Havana to Caracas to Managua is the cause of immense human suffering, the impetus of enormous regional instability and the genesis of a sordid cradle of communism in the Western hemisphere," Bolton declared.
In a Fox News interview in 2018, then-UN Ambassador Nikki Haley described the dire circumstances she witnessed as she watched people cross the Venezuelan border into Columbia in order to obtain food.
More than 2 million people have fled the anguish inflicted by the socialist Maduro regime and its Cuban sponsors. Not long ago Venezuela was one of the richest countries on earth. Today socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty. Virtually everywhere socialism or communism has been tried it has produced suffering, corruption and decay. Socialism's thirst for power leads to expansion, incursion and oppression. All nations of the world should resist socialism and the misery that it brings to everyone. In that spirit, we ask the nations gathered here to join us in calling for the restoration of democracy in Venezuela.


text:
Rail 612: Tories caught between rock and hard place
Rail Magazine / February 21, 2009 October 26, 2014
Remember the Tories. They used to run the country under an iron lady by the name of Thatcher and a philanderer called Major but it seems so long ago that we have almost completely forgotten them. That is not surprising because, in terms of rail policy, they have rarely surfaced except for a brief period when Chris Grayling was shadow spokesman and was busily engaged with the industry.
Grayling had promised that a rail policy would be published in 2007 but it got stuck in the system, a victim of David Cameron's unwillingness to commit himself to any firm policies. There was, too, another problem. Grayling quickly became convinced that integration of the industry, creating a single organisation responsible for both infrastructure and operations, was an essential prerequisite for a successful railway. However, as I have pointed out before in this column, there was a fundamental issue about integration which Grayling could not solve: integration meant either privatising Network Rail or nationalising the train operators, neither of which seemed feasible or palatable to the Tories.
Therefore, we waited and waited for Grayling's review and like those trains on that snowy Monday morning, it never arrived, despite lots of suggestions that it was only held up at the signal round the bend. Now, at last, we have a Tory party policy on railways produced by Grayling's successor, Theresa Villiers who, for a long time, made dormice seem noisy.
Of late, though, we have seen more of her and she has even impressed recently at rail industry conferences. Ms Villiers first emerged in the spotlight at the Conservative party conference in the autumn by announcing that the Tories supported the idea of a high speed line. It was even costed, sort of, with the suggestion that the public investment would be paid out of the existing rail budget though, of course, it was not explained how cuts could be made without severely damaging the network. Nor was this an immediate commitment, with no plans to start work until the middle of the next decade but nevertheless it put Labour on the back foot. As an aside, it is a daft convention, forced on politicians by the press, that they have to work out how every pledge will be funded when even trying to work out next year's government spending is nigh on impossible, let alone what will happen in ten years time!
The reiteration of that promise for a high speed line is about as exciting as the new rail policy gets though. Certainly the title – Conservative rail review: getting the best for passengers – hardly catches the eye and nor does much of the rest of the 20 page document.
Interestingly, the notion of vertical integration is retained, at least for Merseyrail and one other, as yet not selected, area of the country. This will not please Network Rail but otherwise the organisation, which had previously been targeted for criticism by the Tories, does rather well in this document. While the Conservatives want to reform it and appoint a supervisory board to represent the interests of passengers and freight users, essential Network Rail will survive in its present form. There is to be 'better coordination' between the organisation and the franchisees, but that is something which the politicians of all sides have been urging ever since its creation and the basic structure of allowing Network Rail a large amount of freedom to spend taxpayers money is not challenged.
It is on franchises that Ms Villiers tries to be more radical. She wants longer franchises of 15 to 20 years and less meddling from government. Longer franchises are fine as an overall concept if they encourage investment but the fundamental issue here is one of public accountability. If franchisees were given twenty year deals, they would probably require more, and not less, 'political meddling' in order to ensure that public money is being spent wisely.
Lord Adonis, in an interview I undertook with him for Public Finance magazine (available on my website) made clear why he was prepared to intervene to prevent South West Trains carrying out a series of closures to ticket offices, and why he did not consider that to be micromanagement: 'What is the distinction between micromanagement and protecting the public interest? You have to make a judgement about the point at which protecting the public interest becomes unnecessary interference in the delivery of a service. I do not regard specifying in detail the franchise as that.'
This suggests that longer franchises would need even tighter specifications in order to ensure that train operators did not just cream off profits without regard to their public duties. Moreover, the Treasury might well block such a move. When the Strategic Rail Authority under Sir Alastair Morton wanted 20 year franchises, the Treasury quickly realised that this would mean that it would need to fund most of the investment and quickly put a stop to them. One suspects the same fate would befall any future attempt to lengthen franchises, even though it may well be the only policy with regard to franchising that makes any sense.
How Chiltern, the only current 20 year franchise, fares over the next couple of years will obviously be the test. Chiltern faces quite a reduction in subsidy (indeed it is supposed to go into paying premiums in the next financial year) which is a big ask in the current climate. If Chiltern gets into difficulties in the downturn and the company – now effectively owned by Deutsche Bahn – seeks to be bailed out, it will demonstrate that longer franchises are not realistic if they are operators are expected to take the revenue risk, something the Tory document is silent on.
In order to reduce the scope for political meddling, the Tories would hand over franchising monitoring activity to the Office of Rail Regulation to make the process less 'political'. But the process should be political. When First Great Western was performing badly, it was ministers, under pressure from passengers, who intervened. Given the ORR's feeble oversight of Network Rail, passengers interests would be undermined, not strengthened, by such a move. It would give ministers even more of an opportunity to say 'nothing to do with us, guv' when things got bad on the railway.
Moreover, by making the ORR into the passengers' champion, its role would be confused with that of Passenger Focus. The ORR is already a huge bureaucracy employing 350 people (at an average salary of £57,000) and costing £30m per year which imposes vast expense on the rail industry. Advocating its massive expansion (the manifesto suggests that the ORR's phone number should be printed on every ticket) would seem to go against the Tory policy of reducing bureaucracy.
The problem for the Tories is that they realise that the current structure for the railways is, as the management consultants say, 'sub-optimal' but they do not have a sufficient clear vision to be able to work out a way of making sensible changes that would improve the situation. And they are hamstrung by their ideology which precludes suggesting full integration since this would be effective nationalisation.
In practice, should they win the next election (and Mystic Wolmar has his doubts about an overall majority) I suspect that they will do little to change things. At least, though, there is now a Tory rail policy. It will be interesting to see if Labour produces one before the election – which according to some Westminster commentators could be in the Spring.
Time to can the bonuses, Iain
While on the subject of Network Rail, here is a bit of free advice. If the bosses of Network Rail pay any regard to the organisation's public image, then it would be very opportune for chief executive Iain Coucher and his colleagues on the board to abandon the bonus system of payments. Given the massive rows over bankers' bonuses, it will not be long before attention is focussed on the rail industry and the huge subsidies it receives. The bonuses are not justifiable and nor, given the weakness of the stakeholders, are they determined in a properly independent way.
Bonuses are unjustifiable at the best of times, let alone today. Why should highly paid executives get extra money for doing their jobs competently? The performance targets for Network Rail have been notoriously easy to achieve and, moreover, staff still get part of their bonus even if they are not all reached.
One of the reasons for the high cost of work on the railways is this bonus culture, combined with the use of expensive consultants – some of the people at Bechtel, for example, get more than £1m per year, and that is money paid out of the public purse.
What of the lower paid? While the bonuses may be a welcome addition to wages, they are not a realistic incentive to do the job properly as there will be very little relationship between performance and payment. Best to scrap the whole system and increase wages concomitantly, putting all the savings towards the bottom end of the pay scale.


Located in Bedugul area, Candikuning village, Baturiti sub-district, Tabanan district, Bali. Approximately 55 km from the city of Denpasar, Lake Bratan is located at an altitude of ± 1240 m above sea level, the temperature in the Beratan lake area (Bedugul area) is approximately 18 ° C at night and ± 24 ° C during the day.
Lake Beratan is one of the 20 best and most beautiful lakes in the world (The World's 20 Most Beautiful Lake, source: www.huffpost.com). Lake Bratan is well known as one of the best tourist destinations visited by thousands of foreign and domestic tourists.
The fresh mountain air with beautiful views of the lake, temples and mountains and away from the noise of the city make this place a favorite tourist attraction and tourist attraction recommended for a visit on a holiday on the island of the gods.
In the lake area is also facilitated with adequate accommodation such as hotels, villas, restaurants for the convenience of visitors. For those of you who like water tourism, in the Beratan lake area there are also water games such as parasailing, canoeing or jetskiing.
In the eastern part of Lake Bratan there is a mountain called Gunung Catur (Balinese call it Pucak Mangu) as a very good place for hiking, and not far from the lake area there are also other interesting tourist attractions such as Bedugul Eka Karya botanical garden, fruit market and Bedugul vegetables, and there are also Lake Buyan and Lake Tamblingan.
Here are the popular attractions that are closest to Lake Beratan. Where you can choose to see nearby objects or activities that you might know and like.
If you have interest to Lake Beratan, you can freely add it as reference to your Bali Tours future plan.


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We took a bus from the town of Puerto Ayora to the highlands of Santa Cruz. There we went to a private ranch that has an agreement with the Galapagos National Park to protect the tortoises found there, rather than farm the land. The tortoises there are wild, and it was mating season. One of our groups of ten saw the tortoises mating but I didn't get to. Apparently they mate for several hours and their shells bang on one another and the male lets out loud groans. Pretty cool! My favorite photo was the tortoise we spotted while we were just driving in the bus toward the ranch. The tortoise was just plodding along down the road.
There are different subspecies on nearly every island, but some island populations have gone extinct. There are two different shell types for tortoises based on what they eat, which depends on the elevation they occur at. For tortoises that eat vegetation low to the ground they have rounded shells like these in the photos. There is also a saddle-back shaped shell that has a huge indentation that allows the tortoises to reach their necks up to eat from trees.
We also went on a short walk around the highlands forest including walking through a lava tube, where we had to scoot on our belly and all 4s at one point. I am not a big fan of small spaces, especially because Karina was telling us how the tube is continually collapsing over time... and we saw evidence via fallen rock and boulders all around as we walked and crawled through... but I did it to challenge my fears.
Note the straight shell rather than the saddle-back shape here.
This was the tortoise we saw walking down the road from the bus.
This one was tucked away in its shell.
Look at the size of their poo! The pen is there for comparison.
Another view of the tortoise in its shell.
A little out of focus, but I watched this tortoise for some time eating.
A view of the highland forest - very different from the lowland lava!


text:
<?php

namespace Symfony\Component\Translation\Tests\Catalogue;

use Symfony\Component\Translation\Catalogue\MergeOperation;
use Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogue;
use Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogueInterface;

class MergeOperationTest extends AbstractOperationTest
{
    public function testGetMessagesFromSingleDomain()
    {
        $operation = $this->createOperation(
            new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages' => ['a' => 'old_a', 'b' => 'old_b']]),
            new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages' => ['a' => 'new_a', 'c' => 'new_c']])
        );

        $this->assertEquals(
            ['a' => 'old_a', 'b' => 'old_b', 'c' => 'new_c'],
            $operation->getMessages('messages')
        );

        $this->assertEquals(
            ['c' => 'new_c'],
            $operation->getNewMessages('messages')
        );

        $this->assertEquals(
            [],
            $operation->getObsoleteMessages('messages')
        );
    }

    public function testGetResultFromSingleDomain()
    {
        $this->assertEquals(
            new MessageCatalogue('en', [
                'messages' => ['a' => 'old_a', 'b' => 'old_b', 'c' => 'new_c'],
            ]),
            $this->createOperation(
                new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages' => ['a' => 'old_a', 'b' => 'old_b']]),
                new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages' => ['a' => 'new_a', 'c' => 'new_c']])
            )->getResult()
        );
    }

    public function testGetResultFromIntlDomain()
    {
        $this->assertEquals(
            new MessageCatalogue('en', [
                'messages' => ['a' => 'old_a', 'b' => 'old_b'],
                'messages+intl-icu' => ['d' => 'old_d', 'c' => 'new_c'],
            ]),
            $this->createOperation(
                new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages' => ['a' => 'old_a', 'b' => 'old_b'], 'messages+intl-icu' => ['d' => 'old_d']]),
                new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages+intl-icu' => ['a' => 'new_a', 'c' => 'new_c']])
            )->getResult()
        );
    }

    public function testGetResultWithMetadata()
    {
        $leftCatalogue = new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages' => ['a' => 'old_a', 'b' => 'old_b']]);
        $leftCatalogue->setMetadata('a', 'foo', 'messages');
        $leftCatalogue->setMetadata('b', 'bar', 'messages');
        $rightCatalogue = new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages' => ['b' => 'new_b', 'c' => 'new_c']]);
        $rightCatalogue->setMetadata('b', 'baz', 'messages');
        $rightCatalogue->setMetadata('c', 'qux', 'messages');

        $mergedCatalogue = new MessageCatalogue('en', ['messages' => ['a' => 'old_a', 'b' => 'old_b', 'c' => 'new_c']]);
        $mergedCatalogue->setMetadata('a', 'foo', 'messages');
        $mergedCatalogue->setMetadata('b', 'bar', 'messages');
        $mergedCatalogue->setMetadata('c', 'qux', 'messages');

        $this->assertEquals(
            $mergedCatalogue,
            $this->createOperation(
                $leftCatalogue,
                $rightCatalogue
            )->getResult()
        );
    }

    protected function createOperation(MessageCatalogueInterface $source, MessageCatalogueInterface $target)
    {
        return new MergeOperation($source, $target);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php
/**
 * An email that contains the details for an event registration.
 *
 * @package registripe
 */
class EventRegistrationDetailsEmail extends Email {

	protected $ss_template = 'EventRegistrationDetailsEmail';

	/**
	 * Creates an email instance from a registration object.
	 *
	 * @param  EventRegistration $registration
	 * @return EventRegistrationDetailsEmail
	 */
	public static function factory(EventRegistration $registration) {
		$email      = new self();
		$siteconfig = SiteConfig::current_site_config();

		$email->setTo($registration->Email);
		$email->setSubject(sprintf(
			'Registration Details For %s (%s)',
			$registration->Event()->Title,
			$siteconfig->Title));

		$email->populateTemplate(array(
			'Registration' => $registration,
			'SiteConfig'   => $siteconfig
		));

		singleton(get_class())->extend('updateEmail', $email, $registration);
		return $email;
	}

}


Viewing 24 of 308 items.
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text:
<?php

namespace Botamp\Exceptions;

class Unauthorized extends Base
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct("No valid API key provided.");
    }
}


The Association of Professional Staffing Companies (APSCo) has announced new Compliance+ Standards Committees for both the Education and Social Work sectors. The expert representatives will help to shape the trade association's Compliance+ strategies into 2019.
APSCo developed its Compliance+ accreditation to provide an uncompromising quality benchmark for Education and Social Work recruitment companies. It is the best practice quality standard for Education and Social Work recruitment businesses and compels members to go beyond statutory safeguarding standards and aim for excellence in competency selection and service quality.
Permanent members of both committees include APSCo, an Independent Auditor and Keith Rosser as Chair.


It looks so divine you wish it would magically appear in front of you RIGHT NOW!
Okay, so I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but the sweet potato cornbread isn't going to magically appear when you say "BAM!" with your jazz hands. LOL Now, luckily for you, this recipe isn't extremely complicated at all. The hardest part about this recipe is making sure your sweet potato is tender enough before you start mashing it.
You can cook your sweet potato 2 ways, 1. Baking it in the oven, which will caramelize the natural sugars in the sweet potato or 2. Microwaving the sweet potato which is the fastest way to get it cooked. Now if you bake the sweet potato in the oven I suggest preheating your oven to 400°F. Then you want to take your washed sweet potato and prick it a few times with a fork, then rub a teensy bit of olive oil over the skin and wrap the sweet potato in foil. Then you will bake the sweet potato for about an hour or until it's fork tender. To microwave your sweet potato, take your washed sweet potato and prick it a few times with a fork, rub a teensy bit of olive oil over the skin and wrap it in Saran or Cling wrap. Then microwave the sweet potato for about 8 minutes or until fork tender.
Now, let's get down to the cornbread recipe! I used a standard cornbread recipe for my base, then, of course, I had to spice things up a little bit! I LOVE warming spices so I used cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, nutmeg and cloves! I realize not everybody has as well stocked of a cupboard like I do so you can take a shortcut, if you must, and use pumpkin pie spice in place of my spices. I'd suggest using about 2 ½ teaspoons of pumpkin pie spice and then add in 1 teaspoon of cinnamon!
How many of you all like cornbread with a slightly crispy crust? (If I don't see everyone's virtual hand raised I'm possibly going to judge you, just a little bit. LOL) The trick that my mother taught me to a slightly crispy crust on your cornbread is to add the oil used in your recipe into the baking pan and then insert the baking pan in the oven while it's preheating! You want your oil to be getting hot for at least 5 or 6 minutes. Once your cornbread is mixed you remove the pan from the oven and whisk the hot oil into the cornbread mixture. Then you quickly place the cornbread mixture into the baking pan and return that pan to the oven.
Now, about this oil situation, my mother always used vegetable oil. You guys know I don't use vegetable oil anymore after completing some research. If I could get my hands on some leaf lard I would use that, but organic coconut oil is extremely convenient for me so that's what I use. I promise you won't be able to distinguish the coconut oil flavor once you taste the sweet potato cornbread.
Most people slap a pat of butter on top of their cornbread and call it a day. I'm not most people! LOL, I had to kick things up a notch by making some whipped maple cinnamon butter! It's super easy to make. All you have to do is mix some maple syrup into your softened butter and add some cinnamon. You're done! Easy peasy, huh?
Now go forth and prosper with this sweet potato cornbread recipe at your family Thanksgiving. Do me a favor, please, take pictures of your cornbread at the family table and tag me in it on social media (@merci_britte)! I love it when you guys tag me in your interpretations of my dishes. =) As always, if you like this recipe please share it with your family and friends by clicking one of the share buttons on the side, top, or bottom of this post. Let me know in the comment section if you've ever thought about trying sweet potato cornbread before!
Fluffy and cakey sweet potato cornbread spiced with the flavors of fall then drenched with whipped, creamy maple cinnamon butter!
Preheat oven to 400°F. Add coconut oil to an 8x8 square baking pan. Place the baking pan in the oven to heat the oil.
In a medium mixing bowl, add flour, cornmeal, sugar, baking powder, and spices. Whisk until ingredients are combined and set aside.
In a large mixing bowl, add mashed sweet potato and eggs. Whisk until thoroughly combined. Then add the vanilla extract and milk; whisk until thoroughly combined.
Add dry ingredients to the wet ingredients and mix until well combined. Remove the baking pan from the oven and carefully whisk the hot oil into the cornbread mixture until it's thoroughly combined.
Pour the cornbread mixture into the hot pan and return the pan to the oven. Bake the cornbread for 26-28 minutes, or until an inserted toothpick comes out clean. Remove the pan from the oven and place onto a cooling rack to cool off.
While the cornbread is baking, mix the whipped maple cinnamon butter. Whisk the softened butter until light and fluffy, then add the maple syrup and cinnamon. Whisk until combined.
Cut the Sweet Potato Cornbread and serve with the Whipped Maple Cinnamon Butter.
If you don't have organic evaporated cane juice just substitute with granulated sugar. If you don't have organic white whole wheat flour just substitute with all-purpose flour.