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International Shipping Industry Economics Editing Services
The economists continue to emphasize on the scarcity of resources claiming that the world's resources are limited while the human needs are unlimited. In addition to this concept, there is the issue of geographical scarcity of resources which makes some regions in work to be rich in some resources which could be lacking in other regions[ CITATION Par18 \l 1033 ]. The imbalance in resources availability and the scarcity of resources in some regions leads to the need for transporting goods from one area to another. One of the main channels that are used to get the goods to the intended destination is the international shipping. Through international shipping, the goods to be transported are organized and packed to create packages or parcels that are transported through a shipping service provider to the required destination around the world[ CITATION Pau161 \l 1033 ]. The method had played a critical analysis role in enabling the availability of certain goods in areas that they were not present before and allowed people in that region to enjoy the services provided by the particular good. An example is the development of factories that will require the use of raw materials from another country. The organizations are forced to seek the shipping services in the areas and get them shipped to their factory through the shipping services. Despite the service offering high quality and enabling many organizations to achieve its goals, many developments have taken place in the shipping industry and other factors that influence the operations[ CITATION Den17 \l 1033 ]. There is a need to analyze therefore the industry and the different perspectives that have been used as well as project the future developments of the industry.
The development of the current shipping process can be traced in the early 1950s after the Second World War, and it is said to have been triggered by the need to trade between different countries mainly the colonies[ CITATION Bas171 \l 1033 ]. The rate of transportation of items during this period was however seen to be low and to constitute only 5% of what is currently being transported[ CITATION Don172 \l 1033 ]. The shipping was done through containers which were established by Clara McLean during that period, and he became the first person to attempt international shipping using the containers. The containers, however, were prone to wear and tear, and in most cases, they took longer to reach the destination while some of the products got spoilt during the haulage. The containers were loaded by men who were paid a little amount to fill the containers, and the shipping money was paid once the items were in the sea. There were, however, issues affecting the process since most items were disorganized and in most cases when they reached the destination the members had to incur more work offloading and assembling the items which were time-consuming.
After this period there was major inflation in the oil prices which led to a high increase in the shipping prices. The number of people seeking the services reduced drastically, and the industry was in most cases seen to be on the fluctuation. The concept, however, was resolved in the 1960s, and there was the development of trade between many nations. The regulations that were put in place during this period included the monetary policies and trade policies that were developed following the inflated fuel prices[ CITATION Int04 \l 1033 ]. There were however notable developments in the containers used in the shipping process to allow more goods to be transported and to reach the destination safely and soundly. The transportation process took longer in some places taking as long as more than a month for the goods to get to the destination. There was growth in the shipping industry which was fostered by the developing trade between different countries.
The development of information technology in the 1990s and the development of sound policies between different states had a great impact on the industry. The concept of information technology paved the way for sharing of information and opened up the world making it a global village[ CITATION Val17 \l 1033 ]. Communication was fostered between different countries, and most people were able to know about the products that were available in other countries through the internet. Increased communication made it easier for people to seek services from other countries which led to the development of the shipping industry to incorporate not only the raw material for industries but also other personal products ordered by other clients. There was improved interaction, improved trade, communication, and migration of people from one state to another which fostered sharing of items between states. The growth in this period was significant constituting up to 35% of the current items shipped in the world[ CITATION Pet111 \l 1033 ]. There were more trade routes developed and effective channels as well as companies that started to transport the goods between states. Moreover, during this period, there was the development of other areas such as transport means and the methods of loading and offloading with the loading men being replaced with machinery.
In the era of the internet and the development of more advanced web-based communication systems in the year 2007, the service improvement in the area was also seen to advance significantly[ CITATION Uni10 \l 1033 ]. More orders were coming from all over the world, and people could make inquiries about the developments in the shipping process. For instance, instant communication was made on the real-time development, and someone could know the exact time that the items have been shipped and the time in which they arrive at the destination. The world was seen to be becoming smaller with people receiving updates from all areas of the world just at the same rate as they could receive them in their local country[ CITATION Man12 \l 1033 ]. The development was appreciated, and more companies shipping products were established during this period following the ease of tracing the products and clients. There was a substantial increase in the number of individual items shipped and included even the smaller objects
The development led to the development of trading activities globally by 6% by the end of the year 2008[ CITATION Mac13 \l 1033 ]. There was the development of international partner organizations as well as mergers and multinational organizations. Some companies realized the imbalance in the labor cost and resulted in offshoring some of their services while others found new markets for their products and therefore opened branches in the countries and used the shipping services to transport the goods into those market. Companies could now find it easy to establish themselves in any area worldwide since the distance was reduced significantly. The advancement in technology also reduced the time frame in which the products moved from one country to another to between one and three weeks[ CITATION Mad13 \l 1033 ]. The information about the products was documented and the individual to receive the items knew the exact day they expect their products. Security for the items as also enhanced and more sophisticated personal identification methods were used before the person receives the parcel.
Currently, with the advancement in the technology of both transport and communication method, there has been several advancements in the shipping industry and increased demand for the services. The current technology has allowed the development of organizations that produce their products and ship them to the customers when they purchase. The service also has been advanced to include payments on a delivery system where one does not need to pay for the items on the purchase and have them delivered instead they are delivered, and payment is made later. The increased use of electronic money transfer has contributed to globalization, and in the current era, people can purchase whatever they need from their country of choice and have them shipped to their doorstep. The shopping services and the new developments in communication technology have led to the advancement of the economy for many nations making the manufacturers produce more items knowing that they can appeal to the global market.
Despite the increase in the number of people seeking the shipping services globally following the development of electronic money transfer, transport and communication systems, and the industry also faces some challenges. For instance, the current rate of competition in the industry is high which has affected the profitability of the shipping organization. More institutions are being established each day to offer the services leading to a challenge in the business[ CITATION Mai13 \l 1033 ]. Despite this, the competition has played a critical role in balancing the prices of the service as more organizational behaviour come up the competition stiffens leading to organizations looking for mechanisms to stand out of the competition. One of the strategies used by the emerging companies in the market penetration strategy which has resulted in a reduction of the haulage prices by a huge margin[ CITATION Mic161 \l 1033 ].
Value addition to the services has also been prominent as people try to outsmart their competitors. In this perspective, some shipping companies have established mechanisms that will enable the client to monitor the orders and get real-time information about the shipping process for some goods[ CITATION Pau161 \l 1033 ]. On the other hand, other organizations have developed mechanisms to ensure that the delivery of the items comes to the person doorstep. The huge development has also been developed since the client can have more control over how the items are going to be handled during the transportation. In this regard depending on the item being shipped and the time in which they are required the client can choose whether the items to be transported by air, road, or sea. The service provides more convenience to the client since they will choose the service that will serve them best. A shorter transport period can also be actualized based on the agreement with the shipping organization[ CITATION Pio15 \l 1033 ]. Though there has been a high increase in the number of people seeking the shipping services, there has been a balance between the number of companies and the clients which makes the services better.
The current rate of development in technology gives a promising look in the future logistics in the shipping environment. There is the emergence of new devices each day as technology advances which makes it necessary to adjust the strategies employed in the organization of shipping practices. For instance, it is expected in the future that there will be the development of digital sensing devices that will enable the client to have a view of the items as they are being transported from the area of request to the destination. The person in the destination will also have information about the proceedings and be able to plan on how to receive the products making the process easier[ CITATION Ins13 \l 1033 ]. The current advocacy for the environmental sustainability issues and global warming concerns gives an implication that there will be the development of greener shipping processes that could include the use of solar or wind-powered devices which will help reduce the rate of environmental pollution making the shipping process environmentally friendly[ CITATION Yub17 \l 1033 ]. It is also expected that in the future there will be the development of the larger shipping devices that will be used to transport more items per unit time at a faster rate to take care of the increasing demand for the shipping services following the improvement in technology[ CITATION Anz16 \l 1033 ]. The cost of shipping is also expected to reduce with globalization since most shipping companies will have established warehouses in most parts of the world to facilitate the transportation mechanism thereby reducing the storage cost.
Overall, shipping is a practice that originated long ago and has been improving from one generation to another. The improvement found in the shipping industry is as a result of advancement in technology in different sectors such as transport and communication which affect the shipping industry. The main driving factor for the development of shipping business is trade and globalization which increases interaction and enables people to transact within long distances. The current shipping technology is highly advanced with some organizations manufacturing products and delivering them to the clients' doorstep as facilitated by technological advancement. Despite the growth and development of many clients in the industry competition is real in the current time and with the old organizations having the advantage of an established market share and the new ones employing sophisticated techniques to penetrate the market. The current development, however, is not at peak, and some future expectations in the industry are also expected to include factors such as digital sensing which will ensure real-time monitoring of the proceedings of the requested orders by the client. Reduction of the storage cost and delivery time amongst other developments to make the industry more attractive.
1. Baker, M. J., 2016. The marketing mix.London: Henry Stewart Talks.
2. Balas, V. E., Jain, L. C. & Zhao, X., 2017. Information Technology and Intelligent Transportation Systems: Volume 2, Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Information Technology and Intelligent Transportation Systems ITITS 2015, held December 12-13, 2015, Xi'an China.Cham: Springer International Publishing.
3. Burger, A., Jaklic?, A. & C?irjakovic?, J., 2016. Exploring determinants of international sourcing : captive offshoring vs. offshore outsourcing. An enterprise odyssey, Str,pp. 1062-1088.
4. Delestrac, D., 2017. Frightened: the real price of shipping.3rd ed. San Francisco: Kanopy Streaming.
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6. Halonen-Akatwijuka, M. & Poppe, C., 2013. Competition, Equity, and Quality in HealthCare.London: Centre for Economic Policy Research,
7. Hill, D. J., 2017. CMR: Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods by Road..2nd ed. Milton: Routledge.
8. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2013. 2013 Future Network and Mobile Summit: 3-5 July 2013, Lisbon, Portugal.Dublin, Ireland: IIMC International Information Management Corporation Ltd.
8. International Business Machines Corporation, 2004. E-commerce hosting solutions guide using WebSphere Commerce V5.5 business edition.Research Triangle Park, NC: IBM, International Technical Support Organization.
9. Jensen, P. D. Ø. & Pedersen, T., 2011. The Economic Geography of Offshoring: The Fit between Activities and Local Context. Journal of Management Studies,pp. 352-372.
10. Lee, P. T.-W. & Cullinane, K., 2016. Dynamic Shipping and Port Development in the Globalized Economy: Volume 2: Emerging Trends in Ports.3rd ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
11. Maca?rio, R. & Voorde, E. v. d., 2013. Critical issues in air transport economics and business.London ; New York: Routledge.
Parkin, M., 2018. Microeconomics.New York, NY: Pearson.
12. Shi, Y., 2017. Climate change and international shipping: the regulatory framework for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.2nd ed. Leiden; Boston: Brill Nijhoff.
13. Tavana, M., 2013. Competition, strategy, and modern enterprise information systems.Hershey, Pa: IGI Global.
14. Transportation Research Board, 2017. Socioeconomics, sustainability, health, and human factors.Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board.
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Menswear designer Michele Savoia, who created stylish clothing for movie stars, has died. He was 55.
"Savoia the Tailor" was last seen around 4 a.m. on Feb. 13, leaving Paris Hilton's party at the Manhattan nightclub Marquee. He was reported missing on Saturday morning by his driver and his body was discovered Sunday afternoon in the icy Hudson River near his house boat.
Cause of death has not been determined, pending an autopsy.
Born in Hoboken, N.J., Savoia originally wanted to become a cartoonist for Disney. He switched gears after an art teacher he adored encouraged him to use his talent for something more serious, like fashion. Savoia's father and grandfather also inspired him to become a fashion designer.
"My father ran night clubs, and my Sicilian grandfather was a master tailor, who landed in Hoboken from Ellis Island in 1933. Basically, my father taught me how to dress, and Popop taught me how to tailor," Savoia told Fashion Daily Weekly in 2011.
The self-proclaimed "bad boy of fashion" also designed nightclub interiors and owned two clubs — Fat Black Pussycat and The Cheetah Club — until the mid-1990s.
Outside of work, Savoia was an old-school New Yorker with a penchant for the art deco era. He liked to smoke, ride motorcycles, buy accessories on eBay, listen to Tony Bennett, watch crime films and get tattoos.
Savoia is survived by a daughter, Gabriella Rocco Savoia.
—Originally published in The Huffington Post.
Michele Savoia for StylelikeU.com from StyleLikeU on Vimeo.
Vugar Gashimov began playing chess when he was only 6 years old. He would eventually represent his country in four Chess Olympiads and become a grandmaster by the time he was 16.
Gashimov was born in Baku, Azerbaijan's capital city (although the region was still part of the Soviet Union in 1986). Chess was incredibly popular at the time, due to the victory of Baku-native Garry Kasparov against Anatoly Karpov at the World Championship in 1985.
In the Gashimov family, chess was a way of life. Gashimov's father, a retired army colonel who served at the Defense Ministry of Azerbaijan, taught Vugar to play the game. His older brother Sarkhan, a solid chess player in his own right, served as his manager.
Like many young boys, Gashimov enjoyed playing sports and watching movies, but he always knew he wanted to become a competitive chess player. After he defeated all of the other children in his age group, Gashimov's family hired international master Anar Allakhverdiev and Russian grandmaster Vitaly Tseshkovsky to coach him.
Gashimov won a silver medal in the under-10-years-old division at the World Youth Championships in 1996, and became an international master just three years later. However, after winning the 1999 Kasparov Trophy at 14, Gashimov was diagnosed with epilepsy and forced to step away from the game. He underwent three surgeries on his brain before launching an amazing comeback.
By 2002, Gashimov had earned the title of grandmaster, the highest honor for world-class chess players.
A bold competitor and online blitz specialist, Gashimov was known for changing many players' view of the Modern Benoni opening. He won the Athens 2005 Acropolis International and the 2005 Abu Dhabi International Chess tournament; he took top honors at the Cappelle la Grande tournament and tied for first in the FIDE Grand Prix tournament in 2008. Next, Gashimov won the 2010-11 Reggio Emilia tournament, Italy's oldest and most renowned chess competition, on a tie-break from Spanish grandmaster Francisco Vallejo Pons.
Alongside Teymur Rajabov, Shakhriyar Mamedyarov, Rauf Mammadov and Gadir Guseinov, Gashimov helped the Azerbaijani team become a powerhouse competitor at international championships, including the Chess Olympiads of 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008.
"Vugar was certainly the soul of Azerbaijani team. He was a very cheerful person. He lifted us even when we were losing. Besides, he shared his knowledge and really helped to develop. And he shared it with pleasure, and many times helped me personally in preparation for games; he did everything for the team," Guseinov said.
In fact, it was Gashimov who lead the team to a gold medal victory in the 2009 European Team Chess Championship in Novi Sad. At that point in his career, he was listed at #6 in the FIDE World Rankings and declared the top chess player in his country.
Gashimov was excluded from the Chess Olympiad team in 2010 over a conflict with the national chess federation and Zurab Azmaiparashvili, the team's former coach. Without his contribution, the Azerbaijani team finished in 12th place.
Gashimov was ranked #10 in the world in 2012 when health problems again prompted him to step away from the competitive circuit. Subsequent testing revealed a brain tumor.
Gashimov died on Jan. 10 while receiving cancer treatment in Germany. He was 27.
Rep. Demetrius C. Newton dedicated his life to improving the human condition, first as a civil rights attorney and later as a politician and public servant. But his efforts were frequently hindered by the nearly implacable obstacle known as racism.
Newton was born in Fairfield, Ala., in 1928. At the time, blacks in America — particularly those living in the South — were forced to live segregated lives. Black children couldn't attend schools with white children. They were unable to access goods and services, banned from playing professional sports or working in certain professions, denied the right to marry outside their own race, kept from serving on juries and barred from voting unless they passed "literacy tests" or paid poll taxes.
Amidst this environment, Newton knew he would have to leave Alabama to obtain a decent education. He traveled to Ohio to study economics and political science at Wilberforce University, the oldest private African-American university in the United States. When Newton decided to become a lawyer, the state of Alabama paid for him to attend law school out of state so it wouldn't have to integrate the University of Alabama School of Law or create a separate one for black students.
After earning his Juris Doctor from Boston University in 1952, Newton returned to Birmingham with one goal in mind: to help protect the rights of the downtrodden. He became a civil rights attorney, and started a law firm with U.W. Clemon, who later became Alabama's first black federal judge, and Oscar Adams, the first black Alabama Supreme Court justice and the first African-American elected to statewide office.
Newton knew the law could only go so far, so he decided to delve into politics as well. He became the city attorney for Birmingham, then worked as a judge for the city of Brownville for six years. In 1986, Newton was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives, serving the 53rd district (western Birmingham in Jefferson County). He would represent the district as a Democrat in the state house for the next 27 years.
Newton was the first black person to serve as Speaker Pro Tem, the No. 2 position in the House behind the speaker, and held that position from 1998 until 2010. He was also chair of the Legislative Council for both the House and the Senate.
A champion of constitutional reform, Newton firmly believed that Alabama's constitution, which an all-white, all-male assembly proposed in 1901, was both outdated and racist. He spent much of his lengthly political career pushing for lawmakers and voters to create a new one.
"Our constitution is sick and it is on life support and the time is near and we ought to give it a dignified death," Newton said in 2006. Alas, his efforts were repeatedly defeated.
Although he often disagreed with Republicans on key issues, Newton was highly regarded by politicians on both sides of the aisle.
Another sign of respect was the fact that Newton was allowed to retain his seat in the front row of the Chamber, even when Republicans took over the majority. The seat was normally reserved for members of the Leadership, yet the newly elected Caucus unanimously agreed that Newton should remain.
"He was a fine gentleman, and we had a strong mutual respect for each other. He will be greatly missed, not only by his own constituents — but also by the entire state of Alabama," Gov. Robert Bentley (R) said.
Newton was a member of the Alabama, National and American Bar Associations, the American Judicature Society, the NAACP, 101 Black Men and the Vulcan Gold Club. He was the former national president of the Phi Beta Sigma fraternity and the Wilberforce University Alumni Association, and past president and chief executive officer of the Birmingham Urban League. Outside of the office, Newton enjoyed traveling, golf, attending the Mt. Olive Baptist Church in Birmingham and spending time with his two children from a past marriage.
Newton died on Sept. 11. Cause of death was not released. He was 85.
Helen Amelia Thomas was born with an inquisitive nature. Even as a child, she was fascinated with the world around her. And it was this insatiable curiosity about life that took her all the way to the White House.
Born in Winchester, Ky., and raised in Detroit, Thomas was the daughter of Lebanese immigrants. Her father George came to the U.S. in 1892 from Syria; at Ellis Island the immigration officer Anglicized his surname Antonious to Thomas. Although he couldn't read or write and was blind in one eye, he married her mother Mary, fathered nine children (Helen was the seventh) and operated a small grocery store. In the midst of such a large family, the short-statured and painfully shy Helen developed a loud voice and a quick wit that would help her later in life.
Thomas was 12 years old when she decided to become a newspaper reporter, and her fate was sealed in the 10th grade after she saw her first byline in the school paper. At Wayne University (now Wayne State University), she majored in English because the college didn't offer journalism courses, and worked on the college newspaper. With the firm belief that she had "printer's ink" in her veins, Thomas moved to Washington D.C. after graduating in 1942.
After a few months, Thomas was promoted to cub reporter and assigned to cover local news. One of her duties involved writing obituaries, which required her to call up the families of soldiers who appeared on the casualty rolls. "The horror of it all was that sometimes we called the families before the War Department (there was no Pentagon then) had even notified them. We'd hear the screams over the phone. This was a very sobering thing," she wrote.
Within a year, the young and energetic reporter went to work for United Press (later United Press International), where she remained for nearly 60 years. Thomas covered the Justice Department, the Supreme Court, the Post Office, the Federal Communications Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. For years she toiled, writing hundreds of stories, and it was her hard-driving, competitive nature and utter devotion to the job that brought her to the White House press room.
In 1960, United Press already had two reporters covering the president of the United States: Merriman "Smitty" Smith and Al Spivak. But after Thomas began showing up to help out with various stories — and to cover First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy — they generously allowed her to join their previously all-male ranks.
The tradition of giving the wire services the first question and a front row seat in the press room provided Thomas with the opportunity to set the tone for presidential briefings, and made her the bane of both presidents and press secretaries alike. Her dogged pursuit of the truth was viewed by some to be overly combative, but others appreciated her penchant for asking hard-hitting questions.
Thomas was at the hospital when John F. Kennedy Jr. was born. She danced with Lyndon B. Johnson at an inauguration party, but later earned his ire when he found out that his daughter Luci was getting engaged from one of her stories. She was the only female print journalist to travel with President Richard Nixon to China during his historic trip in 1972, and was the only reporter to land an exclusive interview with Martha Mitchell (the wife of Attorney General John Mitchell), which helped expose some aspects of the Watergate scandal. Thomas described Gerald Ford as friendly and down-to-earth and found Jimmy Carter to be very religious and amiable. Although she thought Ronald Reagan lacked credibility, she listened to him describe the terrible pain he felt after being shot and accompanied him to the beaches of Normandy to commemorate the 40th anniversary of D-Day.
The feisty journalist described Bill Clinton as brilliant, secretive and quick to anger, but noted that he took the time to attend a surprise party for her birthday and even tried to interview her. As for Obama, she liked him well enough; however, she strongly disapproved of the way his administration tried to control the press.
When Thomas wasn't reporting the news, she penned "Backstairs at the White House," a popular syndicated column that offered an insider's view of each administration. "I can say that after all these years of president-watching, I'm still in awe of the presidency and what it means to Americans, but not necessarily in awe of the man who was sitting there at any given time," she wrote.
As the longest-serving White House journalist, Thomas earned numerous nicknames, including "First Lady of the Press" and the "Dean of the White House Press Corps." Her groundbreaking career helped clear the path for countless women in journalism; she not only led by example, she shattered the glass ceiling in the press room and then encouraged others to follow in her stead.
Thomas served as president of the Women's National Press Club from 1959 to 1960, and financial secretary of the National Press Club (once women were allowed to join). She was elected the first woman president of the White House Correspondents Association, and was inducted as the first woman member of the Gridiron Club.
Thomas was the first woman and the first wire service reporter to ever receive the National Press Club's Fourth Estate Award (other recipients include Walter Cronkite and Eric Sevareid). She also received more than 30 honorary degrees and numerous other awards, including the William Allen White Foundation Award for Journalistic Merit and the Al Neuharth Award for Excellence in the Media. In 1998, the White House Correspondents' Association honored her by establishing the Helen Thomas Lifetime Achievement Award.
On May 17, 2000, the day after United Press International was acquired by News World Communications Inc., an international media conglomerate controlled by Unification Church leader Reverend Sun Myung Moon, Thomas resigned in protest. She joined Hearst Newspapers as an opinion columnist two months later, but the move cost her the right to ask the first question in press briefings.
Despite such an illustrious career, Thomas retired in 2010 following the broadcast of controversial, off-hand statements she made about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. A rabbi who was visiting the White House pulled out a video camera and asked Thomas for comments about Israel. She replied: "Tell them to get the hell out of Palestine." When asked where Israeli Jews should go, she said they could "go home" to Poland or Germany or "America and everywhere else. Why push people out of there who have lived there for centuries?" Thomas later apologized for the remarks, but they cost her a great deal of respect in the industry. The Society of Professional Journalists voted to retire the Helen Thomas Award for Lifetime Achievement, and her alma mater discontinued the Helen Thomas Spirit of Diversity Award.
Outside of work, Thomas lived a fairly quiet life. She woke each day at dawn, and by 6 a.m. was reading the newspapers and wires as she drank her coffee. Her home office was filled with floor-to-ceiling bookshelves, and six of the books on those shelves bore her name.
Thomas died on July 20. Cause of death was not released. She was 92.
Photo by Michael Foley. Used with permission.


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Posted by Clarissa Atkinson November 8, 2015
When I retired from academic life in the early 2000s I turned my attention from the Middle Ages to the 1950s, leaping over several centuries in a single bound. It was an uncomfortably long leap in lots of ways, but I was intrigued by the decade of my youth. I suspected there was more to it than I remembered, and more than was suggested by fifties stereotypes. I began by re-reading a few old novels with a new eye. (Does anyone remember Marjorie Morningstar? Goodbye, Columbus? It's difficult to get through either one with a raised consciousness.) The magazines were enlightening, too – especially old New Yorker magazines and their cartoons.
"Makes you kind of proud to be an American, doesn't it?"
This was all a lot of fun, but then I got serious and started looking for historical studies of the times, paying special attention to the Civil Rights movement; I remembered the excitement of the Brown decision, and – dimly – the Montgomery bus boycott. I was also curious about what had been going on, if anything, for women – surely someone before the 60s, before the women of SNCC or Betty Friedan, was aware that not all was as it should be. I browsed in the library and made a lucky hit on one of those rare books that forces you to change direction.
In Kate Weigand's Red Feminism: American Communism and the Making of Women's Liberation (2001), I found someone so interesting that she stopped me in my tracks – Claudia Jones, whose short life (1915-64) included one stunning achievement after another. Jones actually wrote – in 1949! – about the relationship of gender to race and class. "Negro women – as workers, as Negroes, and as women – are the most oppressed stratum of the whole population." Until I read Jones's analysis of this triple oppression, I had believed that the relationship of race and class to gender – in the lingo of academic feminists, intersectionality – was discovered in the 1970's and 80s by my cohort of second-wave feminists. Jones recognized it long ago.
In order to understand the extraordinary career of Claudia Jones, I had first to find out much more than I had learned by simply living through the Cold War and the McCarthy era. Proximity in time was not much help, and neither was proximity in place: Jones lived and worked in New York City while I was growing up there, but I never heard of her. That's not really surprising, all things considered, although now it seems dreadful that I could actually have heard her speak, but never did so. What is much more surprising, and horrifying, is that my ignorance persisted through the rest of the twentieth century, through all those years of work and study in feminism and civil rights. The silencing impact of the McCarthy years had, and has, a long half-life.
Very briefly, Claudia Jones was born Claudia Vera Cumberbatch in Trinidad in 1915: 2015 is her centenary year. She immigrated with her family to the United States at the age of eight, grew up in Harlem, and became a Communist in the late 30s. Smart, energetic, and a fine public speaker, she rose quickly within Party ranks as a writer, editor, and recruiter, and thus was targeted with other Party leaders during the McCarthy years. Jones was one of twelve prosecuted in the second show trial of Communists under the Smith Act, in 1953. She was arrested several times, spent almost a year in prison, and was finally deported to the United Kingdom in 1955. She lived the last decade of her life in London, where – finding British Communists indifferent or hostile to questions of race, and unenthusiastic about women leaders – she turned her attention elsewhere.
Jones landed in London in the middle of a surge of immigration to the UK from the islands of the West Indies and was quickly drawn into West Indian issues and affairs. She recognized and responded energetically to the familiar circumstances of virulent racism and disadvantage for people of color. Only three years after her arrival, Jones had become the founding editor of The West Indian Gazette, a monthly paper that was much more than a newspaper – in her capable hands, it turned into a primary organizing center of the Caribbean community.
First Caribbean Carnival 1959
In 1958 there were race riots in London, following the murder of Kelso Cochrane, a young Antiguan carpenter. In the face of violence, and thanks to Claudia Jones, the West Indian community responded by staging the first of London's Carnivals in 1959 – the huge and successful beginning of a tradition that continues today as the Notting Hill Carnival. The idea itself, as well as the organizing, came from Jones and the Gazette. The paper, broke as always, raised some money – but much more than that, the community had an opportunity to demonstrate, as Jones phrased it, "a pride in being West Indian." She was sharply and profoundly aware of the relationship of politics and culture: as she wrote in the program of the first Carnival, "A people's art is the genesis of their freedom."
Claudia Jones died at Christmas, 1964. She was not yet fifty years old, but had suffered through her short life from the consequences of poverty in childhood and exhausting overwork till the end. She is buried next to Karl Marx in Highgate Cemetery and remembered proudly and affectionately in her second adopted country, if – until recently – nearly forgotten in her first.
As I did my research, one of the people I was fortunate to meet in London was Diane Langford, who – as she says, "through an accident of history" – became the custodian and guardian of Claudia Jones's papers. Langford came to London from New Zealand in the 1960s and quickly got involved in all kinds of left-wing groups and activities. In the 1970s she was married to Abhimanyu ("Manu") Manchanda, who had been Jones's companion and colleague during her last years. When Manchanda died, Langford and their daughter, Claudia Manchanda, took over the care of Jones's papers: most of these were sent to the Schomburg Center of the New York Public Library in 2001. Now Langford has launched Abhimanyu Manchanda Remembered, which includes letters between Jones and Manchanda. The material itself has been deposited in the Marx Memorial Library in London. (See also Langford's notes on Jones and Manchanda.) Many of Jones's papers were lost when she died; what remains – and indeed, much of what we know about her – we owe to Langford's devoted attention.
Jones's writings, which were scattered in many places when I began my work (see below), are now collected in Claudia Jones: Beyond Containment (2011), edited by Carole Boyce Davies. American historians have begun to pay attention to Jones and other radical women, especially African American women, in the national and international politics of the Cold War: see especially Carole Boyce Davies (Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones), Erik S. McDuffie (Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism), and Dayo F. Gore (Radicalism at the Crossroads: African American Women Activists in the Cold War).
In the long run, after several years of attention to Claudia Jones, what I found most compelling was the story of her experience and achievements in the UK. With barely enough money to live on, abruptly deprived of friends, family, and employment – how could she possibly have accomplished what she did? I never answered that question – it still astonishes me – but I thought about it constantly as I read her newspaper, walked in her footsteps in London as well as New York, spoke with some of those who knew her, and left flowers at the small stone that lies at Highgate in the shadow of the huge bust of Karl Marx.
It has been an extraordinary privilege to discover Claudia Jones. Stumbling over her was like falling into an enormous, unexplored room in a house you thought you knew. When I worked in medieval history, I expected everything to be foreign and strange, but this was the 1950s – I was there – and so was Claudia Jones. If I had known!
I take this opportunity to post here two earlier pieces from my work on Claudia Jones: A Strange and Terrible Sight in Our Country, a 2006 essay based on a letter Jones wrote from detention on Ellis Island in 1950, originally published in The Women's Review of Books, and "A Pride in Being West Indian": Claudia Jones and the West Indian Gazette, an unpublished paper written in 2012.
Finally, I dedicate this post to the memory of Jean Hardisty, who admired and respected Claudia Jones as much as I do. Jean not only gave advice and encouragement, she loved this blog, and never said "Can't you put this in a book?
Update 4/27/17
I recently had occasion to remember an archival treasure I came across in connection with my research on Claudia Jones, regarding her dear friend Benjamin Davis, here:
Posted in: 1950s, Memoir, PoliticsTagged: Benjamin Davis, Civil rights movement, Claudia Jones, Cold War, Diane Langford, Feminist movement, Intersectionality, Kate Weigand, McCarran Act, McCarthy Era, Second-wave feminism, Smith Act, West Indian GazettePermalink15 Comments
15 thoughts on "Finding Claudia Jones"
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Meizhu Lui says:
Oh my,
I'm sorry and ashamed to say I did NOT know her – but it is a thrill to make her acquaintance! So many important voices have been repressed/suppressed/oppressed. (If only we had known about and proceeded along the path of Jones' thoughts on intersectionality starting back in the 50's, we would be farther along on our long march to freedom.) But Jones story is one that does not DEpress – a Carnival as a revolutionary response to racist violence – how fabulous is that! It was also a thrill to see this dedicated to Jean Hardisty, whose voice continues to call us to conscience.
Amelie Ratliff says:
Thank you, Crissy, for sending this to me. You are right: I do like–and admire and appreciate–Claudia Jones. I apologize for asking wasn't there a book here.
Clarissa W. Atkinson says:
Perfectly OK! and thanks for reading. . .
michelleblake says:
Once again, Atkinson adds to our one-dimensional notion of this rich era, which seems to continue to be represented in the larger culture by a slender blonde wearing a delightful apron. Claudia Jones is the answer to that lie, the woman who spoke and wrote and edited and went to jail and saw and recorded every flaw in the system. History will serve us all much better with women like this–both Jones and Atkinson–made visible.
jeanentine says:
This is wonderful — stunning information about a person few of us knew about, shared so appreciatively and politically astutely. If I can figure out how, I am going to share this widely — particularly with progressive women of color.
Middle Aged Rager says:
I'm sure you've read it, but David Halberstam's "The Fifties" is a wonderful history of the decade, including his insights from having been a young reporter in the South for part of the decade.
No wonder you were so long silent. This is wonderful… How fitting to have finally connected with Jones by placing a flower on her tomb. That memory lives long after the flower withered – and it propagates: it belongs to me and to everyone who will read your blog. Thank you.
Wonderful article, Crissy. You are right; Jean would have been thrilled with one more article about Claudia. What an amazing woman Claudia was.
lovely and moving. I too am sorry I missed Claudia Jones.
Great piece! As always, you reveal a hidden part of our history and bring it to life. Claudia Jones, yes.
← P.S. Not So Silent
On Food: From Tuna Fish Casserole to the Age of Arugula →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Assigned plans are emailed out the first week of the semester. Click plan for details.
The Spring 2019 is a new semester and a fresh start. Make this semester the best one yet! Be informed and read everything that is sent to you from the university. Your half of being a student is reading and acting upon required items by the appropriate deadlines.
This is a new semester and you may have a different plan to follow. Any exceptions you may have worked out with your prior advisor were for that semester only.
If a student is not in good standing with EOP Plan Requirements, the student will be placed on EOP Probation, and a hold will be placed on the EOP Grant for the following semester. The hold will not be removed until requirements have been completed and verified at the end of the following semester. The hold does not affect your status as a SJSU student or ability to register for classes.
A second, consecutive semester of non-compliance with plan requirements will result in removal from EOP and a loss of services and the EOP Grant.
EOP Probation status is separate from SJSU's academic probation standing.


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2006.10.DD - Classic Rock Magazine - Excerpt from interview with Faith No More
by Blackstar on Sun Mar 17, 2019 12:22 am
The Real Things
Greg Prato
Even with all the tension, Faith No More defied the odds, and released one of the greatest rock records of all time, 1992's Angel Dust. Unlike The Real Thing, Angel Dust touched upon fewer styles, but it more than made up for it in focus and performance. No other band sounded like Faith No More. But despite this, Angel Dust sold below expectations upon its release in the US (debuting at No.10 but soon falling). However, it did well in Europe, after a hit single cover of The Commodores' Easy was added.
When Guns N' Roses offered the quintet a long stretch of opening stadium dates in the UK and the US, it appeared as though the band had it made. But FNM and GN'R were coming from two completely different worlds.
"There was a rumor that Axl brought his psychic on tour with him," says Gould. "And it would be bad luck in any city that started with the letter M. So he cancelled Manchester, Madrid, Munich, and he did Montreal, and that's when the riot happened.
"It got very bizarre. We saw Axl once or twice the whole time. We did a lot of interviews talking about how it was, and I think the band didn't appreciate that very much. We got busted one day, and we had to go apologise. It was like getting in the principal's office. We went and met Axl in his room, and to tell you the truth, he was super-cool and super-gracious. Then some guy comes in, and says: 'Now that everything's good, come over here.' We went into some trailer where there's some lesbian love act going on. It just blew the whole thing. It was so fucking gross that we were just like: 'Oh God.' We thought we came to some kind of meeting of the minds, and obviously, we hadn't."
http://www.faithnomorefollowers.com/2016/10/faith-no-more-october-2006-classic-rock.html


The familiar guesthouse Jägerheim is located quiet. With sunbathing lawn, children´s playground, free bicycle rental, ski storage, sledge toboggan. Cross- country, skiing trails and trekking path are very close to the house.


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A Report from Tehran
Shahram Kholdi, a graduate student in Middle Eastern studies at the University of Manchester, has extensive contacts in Iran, and he just shared the following email report with academic colleagues on a private listserv. He's allowed it to be posted publicly with references to sources excised:
According to my [contacts]:
1. Yesterday, XXXXX watched from their apartment window a clash between the police and the construction site workers at the Towhid Tunnel (which is predicted to connect Parkway to Nawab). The police tried to make a shortcut to reach the protesters, and ambush them on the other side, when the workers told them they would not let them through this led to a clash between the workers and the police. The workers used all types of construction machineries to halt the police from shovels to bricks and the cement truck. The situation between the workers, mostly from Lor and Turkish background, caused some of the protesters to rush to the aid of the workers.
2. Most Azad University branches in Tehran have declared two exam dates for each subject for the end of the year and have stated that the students can take whichever that is most convenient for them. Pro-Ahmadinejad students and baseej have interpreted the move as a pro-Musavi action by Jasbi that allows pro-Musavi students to conveniently distribute their forces between the two dates and fill the streets. Pro-Musavi students have intrepreted this move as an action by the Intelligence elements to identify the students, making them Setareh-dar, as they will easily identify who has been absent when.
3. Tehran is full of checkpoints but the police are inconsistent due to personal taste of the commanders. The checkpoints are active at night. They mostly look for counter anti-riot gears, such as masks, wipes and first aid boxes, but it also seems that they also look for aatellite dish equipments. Most "illegal" satellite dish technicians have gone underground as they know that the police are after them. One case reported to XXXXX is exemplary in showing that there is a division in the ranks of the police, which in a way is a good sign. Two close friends of XXXXX, one of them a member of Musavi campaign, were stopped at a check point and their car trunk was full of posters and green bands. The constables took them to their immediate commander who confiscated all the material and ordered them to be arrested. However, as they were taken to another check point where the district commander was, he overruled his superiors and ordered XXXXX to be released and also oversaw the return of the posters and other pro-Musavi material to them. As they got in the car to leave the station, the district commander told them that they have to be extra careful and told them Movaffagh Bashid (meaning roughly "good luck").
4. One of XXXXX's friends, a [POSITION DELETED] at Martyr Foundation hospitals, told YYYYY that about fifty young people brought to their hospitals had head injuries from rubber bullets. Half a dozen of them passed away before getting to the operation theatre. XXXXX asked him/her to contact me, but he/she believes….people who are close to Karrubi family…are under surveillance.
5: The Internet speed has dramatically increased and that is why I was able to have a full two hour hearty uninterrupted talk with XXXXX.
6. A XXXXX whose equipment was confiscated by the security forces told me that the intelligence have postponed his/her interrogation. Yesterday, XXXXX helped transport three people to the hospital (which one I do not know), but as they arrived the police arrested several other people who had brought in more wounded, and thus they were able to get away without being arrested.
You can follow David Corn's postings and media appearances via Twitter.
Before Roe, a Baptist Preacher Performed Abortions in Secret. Now He's Helping Texans.
Cecilia Nowell
The FTX Collapse Is Also a Huge Campaign Finance Scandal
Gold Mining Thugs Cut "Road to Chaos" Through Amazonian Preserve
Tom Phillips


We have finally reached the last city in our country wide auditions for the next Top Billing Presenter. It is said that you should leave the best for last and with over 3000 hopefuls in three days the people Jozi did not disappoint.
Remember to catch the 30 min Presenter Search show on Saturday 2pm on SABC 3!


The Diary of Nicola-Kim: Hard day's night. Day. Every freaking minute.
I am now at the point of falling to my knees to thank Mother Nature, The Universe, The Entire Planet and whatever else is out there that might have had an influence on getting my children to bed. Finally. At Long Last.
It's been One Of Those Days: "You always let him do it, but never me!", "Why don't you ever punish him? You only ever punish me?", "He got a pair of jeans, why can't I?, "He gets everything he wants, I never get anything!"
I am tired of trying to explain, negotiate, stand strong when I just want them to stop fighting, stop arguing, stop competing with each other, stop going on and on and on about crap!
And you know what? All those damn child rearing books I've read? I could make a bonfire with them all - that would be more useful than any purpose they have served, I can assure you.
There is no manual! Stop trying to make it up!
Being a parent is the hardest thing you will ever do and I believe that no matter how successful I am at anything in my life, it will be meaningless if I am not successful at being a mother.
And some days I don't care about being a mother, a writer, wife, sister, friend.... anything!
Some days I just want to be me. Damnit.
Tell them. Tell your children how difficult things are, and how you know you're being unfair but you're trying your best and it'll all work out in the end, and that even if it doesn't you've done your best.
Your children are good people. They must be: they're your children. They'll get it, eventually, and they'll be glad that you shared with them.
Mine still carry on like little kids even at age 18 and 16. The bickering, the name calling, anything to drive each other and me crazy!!! I beg them to stop, I plead, do all the nice things for about 10 minutes to get them to be respectful or mindful of each other. They don't respond until i drop the "f-bomb" then they stop with each other both turn on me simultaneously and say "why do you always have to curse??" Hellloooo. Dr Phil? Anyone?


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Category: Addiction
Good News About Addiction!
A certain media outlet's one-day tally of bad had us reaching for good news as if it were the actual elixir of life. Maybe it should be.
John Hood, on January 23, 2023
We the People Offer Prescriptions for Opioids
The Atlantic asked its readers what they thought should be done about opioids… then came the waterworks, as well as some enlightenment.
Newly-Elected Rep Danny Rampey Charged in Drug Thefts
Newly-elected Georgia Rep Danny Rampey was arrested for stealing drugs from a retirement home, so no, he won't be going to the State House.
John Hood, on January 9, 2023
Indian Country Meth Makes Plagues Look Like Child's Play
Indian Country Meth is like any other meth except there appears to be more of it. There's certainly more of it per person. And that's deadly.
John Hood, on November 2, 2022
Narcan Check-Out: Add Libraries to the Anti-Overdose Effort
Your local library may not have a separate line for a Narcan Check-Out, but it most likely has the overdose-reversing drug on hand.
John Hood, on October 25, 2022


Teofimo Lopez vs. Diego Magdaleno (in photo by David Spagnolo) lightweights boxing 10 rounds.
In his longest fight ever, "El Brooklyn" came out patiently in the 1st and boxed in a measured and mature manner. This delighted Jab distinctly as the next stage of Lopez's amazing evolution is becoming apparent. He followed his Dad's "Old School" formula and worked the body without remorse. Teofimo's right landed so often to Magdaleno's body that the Las Vegas native's hands drifted south, allowing Lopez to smash him squarely in the face as the round ended.
As usual, "El Brooklyn" had specific things he had prepared with Papa. He wanted to try this out and that, too. Using new stuff against a new adversary is what ambitious, talented contenders do. Lopez enjoyed rolling out new looks in the 2nd and subsequent rounds. An armory of weapons was on display. Lopez is so fast, so sure, we all held our breath until the next combination landed. And such cute little shots here and there, like the right uppercut from nowhere at 1:50 of the 2nd, that hurt "Mr Superb" badly!
Mean, accurate punches from an exceptionally aggressive boxer, Lopez keeps testing and honing his technique. Teofimo was looking so slick as the rounds progressed and he went through his paces against the tough, but inferior southpaw. "El Brooklyn" was taking the older man apart as he banked rounds.
In the closing seconds of the 6th Lopez dropped a right to the body and hooked with his left hitting Magdaleno perfectly on the chin. With a split-second snapping of the head, Diego morphed into a twisting scarecrow as he nearly face-planted. "Como se siente ? Quiere seguir?" said referee Gregorio Alvarez. He survived the 6th. Anyone could see that this was about to get ugly.
As the 7th round opened, a still very unsteady Magdaleno egged on Lopez in a fight that he could never win. What was Ismael Salas thinking as he failed to protect his boxer? What could possible be gained by allowing Diego's brain to be scrambled again? With two horrible, unnecessary left hooks, Lopez stopped the fight because no one else did anything to help halt it. It made Jab feel queasy, angry and sad all at once.
Jab picked "El Brooklyn" to outshine "Mr Superb" via KO and is pleased that Teo took his time.
Oscar Valdez vs. Carmine Tommasone was the 6th defense of Valdez's WBO featherweight title which he won against Evgeny Gradovich almost three years ago. Valdez had always been a "Mexican Style" warrior, but a 5th round fracture of his mandible (jaw) by Scott Quigg last March brought new insight into the 28 year old's defensive strategy. This was one of the first things that Jab noticed in the early rounds as Valdez returned to the ring after 11 months versus a top Italian 126 pounder. Oscar came out slowly using a tight guard and a stiff jab, the foundation of an upgraded boxing defense!
His 34 yo Italian opponent showed he can really box. Tommasone's defense and reflexes were sharp, his footwork and balance excellent, but his punches lacked authority and he could not find his rhythm under the steady pressure applied by Valdez. After a couple of rounds of watching and testing his prey, the Mexican hunter jumped on "Mr Wolf" and dropped him twice in the 4th, then once in the 6th.
Referee Mark Nelson had been watching Tommasone with concern. At the bell started the 7th round Valdez marched forward, threw a quick jab toward the chin and "Mr Wolf" put his paws up. Then a cruel right uppercut to the spleen took his legs away, he fell back and Mark called it a TKO immediately.
In a dominating performance that nicely reflects Oscar Valdez's continued development and improvement, this young WBO featherweight belt holder looks ready to advance in the division and challenge for his 2nd title soon.
Jab Hook predicted the TKO win via referee stoppage for Valdez, but saw an earlier round.
Richard Commey vs Isa Chaniev boxing 12 rounds for the vacant IBF lightweight title.
Richard Commey (getting hand wrapped by Gary Stark Sr in Mikey Williams pic) came out compact with a tight defense and a stabbing jab that set the tone immediately after the opening bell. Listening to Andre Rozier's instructions and encouragement from his corner, he used his size advantages as he closed the distance on Isa Chaniev. The top-ranked Russian lightweight tried to make an impression on Commey, to touch him, to hurt him quickly and get his respect. No chance as the African continued to come forward galvanized by the legendary boxing tradition of Accra.
Commey forced a "who is the boss here?" exchange in the middle of the round and got the best of it, backing up Chaniev. The jab was setting up the left hook and Commey started to see his target clearly. He blocked or walked through every punch from Chaniev with confidence, and with half a minute left he landed a textbook 1-2 to the Russian's chin. Dropped and and badly wobbled, Chaniev struggled to stay on his feet, but he survived the round after the saving 8-count from the referee.
Round 2 opened with Chaniev still on unstable legs, which quickly failed him as Commey's looping left put him down again. Courageous, but almost done, he got up and faced Commey's last onslaught, only to hit the deck a second and last time. Laurence Cole had seen enough and stopped the fight 40 seconds into the round. This saved Chaniev from further damage and sent the IBF Lightweight Belt to Africa with another Champion from Ghana! Great work from the referee.
Richard Commey was in tears in a pre-fight interview as he expressed the gravity of this championship opportunity. After Cole waved it off, Commy's lovely little new championship dance after the stoppage was such a sweet moment of pride and relief. We cannot fathom what boxing means to Commey's culture and to the people of Ghana, so deeply embedded is pugilism in their culture and history. Commey deserves this belt, Ghana deserves this new Champion.
Jab Hook picked correctly, but the TKO win by Commey was faster than expected.
3 out of 4 on the weekend, Jab doubted Kovalev and paid the price.
Check NYFights.com this week for more from Jab Hook.


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Vehicles and Drivers

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Commission on Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials
In 1966 the Moscow General Assembly authorized the Executive Committee to proceed with the formation of a Commission on Crystal Growth. This Commission was subsequently formed in December 1966, with the following terms of reference:
To consider and establish contacts with associations or national commissions concerned with work on the different kinds of crystal-growth studies
To prepare periodically a list of studies carried out in the laboratories specializing in crystal growth, and to give information to laboratories working ont he subject only occasionally
To encourage and to take part in the production of monographs, textbooks and films for teaching on crystal growth, and to investigate existing means
To participate in the organization and planning of symposia on crystal growth
To cooperate with organizations like the International Conference on Crystal Growth and the International Mineralogical Association
To reflect the expansion of the scientific interests of the Commission into the field of materials research related to crystal growth, the name was changed to Commission on Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials at the Ottawa General Assembly in 1981.
Updated 30 July 1997
Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials Commission Webmaster


The SNK807 is part of the Seiko 5 series and targets men who love high quality, decent and reliable watches. Since its launch into the market, it has received both praise and negative comments. And in this Seiko SNK807 review, we will try to see if it is worth the money and time.
One thing that many people agree on is that the SNK807 has a practical case and dial.
The case is 37mm in diameter and should fit right on most hands. It also does not feel too weighty or bulky. And since it is made of stainless steel, it should handle everyday use, abrasions, accidental bangs, and falls well.
The exhibition case back offers ca lear view of the watch's working mechanism. And like the case, the window feels solid.
The dial looks very basic and doesn't have too many unnecessary frills. You get classic Arabic hour markers, luminous hands, and a date window.
Some users nevertheless complain that the luminously isn't that great, and reading time may be a bit of a challenge in very dark situations.
The SNK807, like other watches in the Seiko 5 series (SNK803, SNK805, SNK80, SNK809….) features a Hardlex crystal glass.
The item has regularly been praised for being more resistant to scratches, bangs, knocks, and impact in comparison to alternatives like mineral. The watch should, therefore, be able to put up with regular wear and abrasion.
However, the crystal may not be as tough as sapphire and may be scratched or shatter when drooped from high heights or bumping against hard obstacles.
The crystal blends well with the matte finished stainless steel case to bring out a military-inspired appeal.
The Seiko 5 series of watches generally fair well when it comes to accuracy and reliability.
The SN807 seems to support this observation and like its tablemates, it runs via the 7S26 automatic movement and features 21 jewels. It ticks 6 times per second and maintains consistency.
According to the company, the watch will only move out of range by a mere 3- 5 seconds in a day.
The power reserve of the watch is 43 hours, which isn't bad for its price. In fact, it scores weight better than some more expensive options.
You, however, will be disappointed if you are looking for a watch with hacking potential since this one doesn't.
The SNK807 boasts of a canvas strap, which is not only smooth but also flexible.
It comes in a thin nature and has a smooth finish to make wearing and removal easy. And unlike options such as nylon, the material feels more comfortable, won't make the skin too sweaty or stuffy, and is also more resistant to stretching, fraying or ripping.
The 18mm lug distance is also practical and will fit okay on the wrist. To properly secure it on the hand, the straps are held together by buckle style clasp.
While it's strong, the strap falls behind when matched against the likes of stainless steel and leather.
The timepiece seems to handle rain, moisture, spills and splashes fairly well.
A closer look at the specs shows that it has a water resistance of 3 bar/ 3 meters/ 100 feet. This is accessible for everyday use. The stainless steel will not rust or corrode due to exposure to the wetness.
However, it's advisable not to go swimming, fishing, or snorkeling with the watch. Its water resistance can be considered average and won't put up with great depths.
The SNK807 can be termed as a practical watch. It doesn't have too many features or comes with too much fanciness. Nevertheless, it's very accurate, strongly built for everyday use, and is also reliable. The size, weight, and feel seem just right. Its water resistance isn't the best and the straps aren't super strong.
Taking all things into account, the positives greatly outdo the negatives and investing in the Seiko SNK807 is a wise move.


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Motorcyclist jailed for eight years after being found guilty of causing death of pensioner following collision
Colin Bailey was convicted of the manslaughter of Stuart Bowdler and jailed for eight years at Nottingham Crown Court
Mark NaylorCourt Reporter
Colin Bailey, right, has been jailed for eight years for causing the death of pensioner Stuart Bowdler
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The motorcyclist who caused the "utterly and completely needless" death of a pensioner by trying to flee from the scene of an accident has been jailed for eight years.
The driver of the car that he hit with his motorcycle collapsed during a violent struggle to detain him, a court heard.
Colin Bailey, 30, of Duke Street, Grimsby, denied manslaughter on April 18 but was convicted by a jury on a majority verdict of 11 to one.
He also denied assaulting a woman at the scene, causing actual bodily harm to her, but was cleared of that matter.
He denied possessing heroin and cocaine with intent to supply but was convicted.
The prison sentence included six years for the manslaughter and a consecutive two years for the drug matters.
The jury had been considering its verdicts for just over seven hours spanning two days.
Colin Bailey has been jailed for eight years
Nottingham Crown Court heard that Stuart Bowdler, 74, took hold of Bailey after the motorcyclist crashed into his car.
The pensioner feared that he planned to leave without swapping insurance details.
Grimsby man who had heart attack at 48 campaigns at House of Commons to raise awareness of high cholesterol
Bailey was on a 600cc Suzuki which struck the back of Mr Bowdler's vehicle as it prepared to turn into a pub car park.
He tried to start his motorcycle after the bump outside the Boot and Shoe Inn, Grassmoor, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire.
Soon afterwards, Mr Bowdler got back into his car and suffered a heart attack.
He slumped unconscious and died despite pub customers and paramedics trying to resuscitate him.
Tests showed that Bailey was riding under the influence of cocaine and cannabis.
The bike had no test certificate, insurance or rear number plate.
The court heard that Mr Bowdler, a retired plumber, had suffered four previous heart attacks, the most recent in August 2015, although, more recently, he had started to feel better.
He also suffered from angina, arthritis and diabetes.
He was at risk of a heart attack, a risk likely to be magnified by any stressful circumstances.
Colin Bailey from Duke Street Grimsby has been jailed for the manslaughter of Stuart Bowdler, pictured (Image: Caters News)
Mr Bowdler had been married to his wife Margaret for 37 years and had a daughter from a previous relationship. His hobbies including building steam engines.
Bailey declined to give evidence in his defence.
Simon Eckersley, mitigating after the verdicts, said that the unlawful attempt to escape from the scene was a cause of the pensioner suffering the heart problem he did.
"He did not set out to cause the death of this man," said Mr Eckersley.
Sons of tragic Alzheimer's mum Mandy Wilkins hold football tournament in her memory
Judge Stuart Rafferty QC told Bailey: "You were quite clearly under the influence of Class A and B drugs and were riding a motorcycle when you should not have been.
"Either through inattention or incompetence, or both, you ran into the back of a car.
"At an early stage, you formed the decision that you would flee the scene. You knew yourself to be under the influence of drugs."
Police and emergency services at the scene in Chesterfield after Stuart Bowdler died following a confrontation with motorcyclist Colin Bailey from Grimsby (Image: East Midlands Ambulance Service/Caters News)
If Bailey had given his details to Mr Bowdler, none of what followed, including the pensioner's death, would have happened.
"His death, tragic though it was, was utterly and completely needless," said Judge Rafferty.
Mr Bowdler's wife had been left "devastated" by the death.
The pensioner was "perilously close to death at all times" but Bailey's unlawful actions in trying to flee "triggered in him a fatal heart attack".
Stuart Bowdler with his wife, Margaret. Mr Bowdler died from a heart attack after a court heard he tried to stop Grimsby biker Colin Bailey leaving the scene of an accident (Image: Caters News)
After the hearing, Detective Inspector Gemma Booth, who led the investigation, said: "Our thoughts go out to Mrs Bowdler and other friends and family around the circumstances of this incident.
"The investigation has had a lot of support from the community and I thank the witnesses who have come forward during the trial.
"A thorough investigation took place by the major crime unit and the evidence was presented to the jury, who found Mr Bailey guilty of manslaughter and two offences of possession of drugs with intent to supply."
The pensioner's wife was not in court.


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Cameroon - May 26, 1990 To May 26, 2019: SDF's Dwindling Fortunes At 29
Par Atia T. AZOHNWI | Cameroon-Info.Net
Buea - 26-May-2019 1866
SDF bigwigs in a ceremony in Buea File picture
On May 26, 1990, thousands of SDF 'militants' and sympathizers gathered at Bamenda's Ntarinkon Park to take part in the launching of the Social Democratic Front (SDF) party and a reintroduction of multipartism in defiance of a Government ban.
In his speech, the lion-hearted SDF Chairman, Ni John Fru Ndi, fearlessly lashed out at Cameroon's monolithic and oppressive political system, amidst a suffocating military presence.
Speaking directly to the militants who had braved the threat of repression to be at the party's launching Fru Ndi declared:
"Thank you for your faith and determination. Make no mistake, and don't allow yourself to be misled and misguided by anyone, no matter his situation in life. Democracy has never been handed on a platter of gold! (…) Let us make it clear to those who are hearing us today that, in the view of the Social Democratic Front, the struggle will continue, not only here, but anywhere in the world, as long as there is somebody who is governing and someone who is governed."
It was indeed a memorable day in the annals of Cameroon's checkered democratic history. As the mammoth crowd dispersed after the ceremony, security forces shot and killed six individuals at the Liberty Square (City Chemist Roundabout: Fidelis Chosi Mankam (Corn Mill Operator), Tifuh Mathias Teboh (Student), Asanji Christopher Fombi (Student), Nfon Edwin Jatop (Tailor), Juliette Sikod (Student), and Toje Evaristus Chatum (Student).
Within a couple of years of its birth which had been "watered" with the blood of these "six martyrs of democracy", the SDF had become the most popular party in Cameroon, and its motto "Power to the People", the rallying cry of the oppressed masses of Cameroon.
By the time the SDF and its charismatic chairman challenged President Paul Biya in the October 1992 presidential elections under the banner of the "Union for Change" coalition, the party was already being considered as the most viable alternative to the Biya regime - Fru Ndi's controversial loss to Paul Biya in these elections (generally considered to have been rigged) only made the SDF appeal much stronger.
But the fortunes of the party have since dwindled 29 years on, from 46 members of parliament in 1997 to only 18 members of the National Assembly in the 9th legislature voted in 2013.
Under very controversial circumstances, the SDF harvested 14 senators from the Adamawa and West Regions in 2013 out of the country's 100 pioneer senators. The electorate in the two regions were a CPDM majority that unfortunately suffered from the rejection of their lists.
In 2018, they narrowly secured seven senate seats in the North West region in an "election of bullets and ballots". In Bangem and Fontem, the SDF said running gun battles between the State Armed Forces and Armed Men frustrated the elections.
In the presidential elections that followed on October 7, 2018, SDF National Chairman Fru Ndi did not present his candidacy in favour of his Vice, Hon. Joshua Osih Nabangi.
The SDF got from these elections her worst results ever. Osih emerged fourth with 3.35% of 'validly cast votes'. Greenhorns like Professor Maurice Kamto and Cabral Libii emerge second and third behind President Paul Biya who officially swept over 71% of the votes.
The SDF has since failed to push for the resolution of the Anglophone crisis that broke out in 2016 despite holding parliament hostage and supporting populist positions. The political base of the SDF in the North West and South West Regions have since been swept away by a "senseless war" that has killed close to 2,000 persons and internally displaced about 500,000 with close to 50,000 others believed to be refugees.
Only recently, SDF National Chairman Ni John Fru Ndi was "kidnapped" by armed men fighting for the "restoration" of the independence of a country they call Ambazonia. Upon his release, the SDF has since offered him to mediate between the parties in the crisis for a speedy return to normalcy.
"I held Biya's hands and told him that if he fails to act fast, the problems will slip under our fingers to uncontrollable levels, and here we are today," Fru Ndi laments.
At 29, the SDF is still battling to install the tenets of democracy including the rule of law, good electoral laws, an independent electoral commission and sweeping people-centered constitutional reforms.
Several anniversary rallies are expected to take place in all wards of the party across the country and in the diaspora.
Atia T. AZOHNWI


This toe in the water by a group of synth-minded La Crosse goons is a damn good introduction, full of new wave swing which transforms from silly and speedy to romantic and grandiose. The three tracks on this disc remind me a lot of the Human League, bearing a sort of electronic manic depression that loses none of its immediacy by being gloomy.
"Sweat Boys" the song begins the disc with a hyper sense of perversion, giving the imagery of two guys getting drunk, pissed off, and oiled up before wrestling in a dark alley. Following this is "See You Dance," a bouncing story of dancefloor rebound which starts to veer the album toward apocalyptic longing. This mood hits its climax in the striking "Cold War Lovesong," which soars as it despairs.
The work on this EP is excellent, a perfect example of electronic dance music. I do have a very slight complaint that the songs' production sometimes leaves vocalist Ben Koch's singing feeling less forceful and a bit secondary to the music. Nonetheless, I cannot wait to hear a full album.


text:
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John Scot Barrowman, MBE (born 11 March 1967), is a Scottish-American actor, singer, dancer, presenter and writer who holds both British and American citizenship. Born in Glasgow, Scotland, he emigrated to the United States with his family in 1975. Encouraged by his high school teachers, Barrowman studied performing arts at the United States International University in San Diego before landing the role of Billy Crocker in Cole Porter's Anything Goes at London's West End.
Since his debut in professional theatre, Barrowman has played lead roles in various musicals both in the West End and on Broadway, including Miss Saigon, The Phantom of the Opera, Sunset Boulevard and Matador. After appearing in Sam Mendes' production of The Fix, he was nominated for the 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical and, in the early 2000s, returned to the role of Billy Crocker in the revival of Anything Goes. His most recent West End credit was in the 2009 production of La Cage aux Folles.
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