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Home > How a US Navy Submarine Secretly Tapped Russia's Undersea Cables
How a US Navy Submarine Secretly Tapped Russia's Undersea Cables
July 26, 2021 Topic: US Navy Blog Brand: The Buzz Tags: NavyMilitaryRussiaUSSRCold WarUS NavySubmarine
A nuclear-powered American spy sub just off the Soviet coast at the bottom of the ocean—what could go wrong?
by Caleb Larson Follow @calebmlarson on Twitter L
One of the Soviet Union's important naval bases was located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, in Russia's far east. The peninsula abuts the Sea of Okhotsk, a large bay west of Kamchatka and northeast of Japan. Though very far from Moscow, the Kamchatka Peninsula naval base was connected to another naval base at Vladivostok, near the Soviet Union's border with China and North Korea. Their connection was more than figurative. It was discovered that an underwater communications cable connected the two bases and was used heavily to communicate with each other—and connected Kamchatka with Moscow.
The potential intelligence that could be gleaned from tapping the Kamchatka-Vladivostok cable was great, as would be the difficulty in gaining access to the cable. Most of the cable ran through the Sea of Okhotsk, a heavily protected bay that the Soviet Union considered it to be part of its territorial waters. There were extensive anti-submarine obstacles and acoustic listening devices with which to monitor surface and underwater traffic. It would be a tough mission, but if successful, immeasurably valuable.
Not just any submarine could be sent deep underwater to tap a cable however, a special sub was needed. The nuclear-powered USS Halibut was chosen for the tapping mission. Originally diesel-powered, Halibut had been converted to nuclear power and repurposed for special operations missions. To better serve as a special operations-capable sub Halibut underwent several modifications to support Navy divers. Special skids were installed to allow the sub to sit on the ocean floor, anchors were placed along the hull to keep the sub in place, a diving chamber mated to the deck to allow divers access to the outside, as well as an array of photographic and robotic equipment.
Though the Americans knew the Kamchatka-Vladivostok cable existed, they did not know exactly where. Looking for a slender cable on the seafloor would have been like looking for a needle in a haystack, and dangerous. The cables were allegedly found thanks to the signs posted on the shore where the cables left the sea, warning fishermen and boaters not to drop their anchors or nets in the areas indicated by the cables to prevent them from fouling.
The top-secret nature of the Halibut's mission precluded most of the sub's crew from knowing what the true nature of the cable tap mission was. To protect mission secrecy, the crew was told that they would be attempting the recovery of a weapon over a Soviet missile range, which was in fact the mission's secondary objective.
One of the technical challenges was gaining access to information being transmitted through the cable, without cutting into the cable itself. A breach could cause a short circuit and alert the Soviets that something was up. Instead of cutting into the cable, divers were able to pull information via induction by wrapping another cable around the main comms cable.
The first tap successfully harvested information, but not in a form that was actionable. The cable was actually about a dozen different lines all talking at the same time. Separating the speakers' voices into different audio channels was done in subsequent taps.
Ultimately Ivy Bells was a success. The twelve or so different lines of audio could be separated. The Soviet Union was so sure that the line was secure, not all of the communications that went through the line were encrypted. Ivy Bell's secondary weapons harvest mission was also a success and American engineers were given enough of the recovered missile to make a reverse-engineered copy.
Ivy Bells was eventually discovered, though not through any detection of the part of the Soviet Union. In 1980, an indebted former NSA intelligence analyst approached the Soviet embassy in Washington D.C. and revealed the existence of the Kamchatka-Vladivostok cable tap, ending its nearly ten-year run.
There appears to be renewed interest in undersea cables, however. Not secret communication cables, but fiber-optic internet cables that carry much of the world's internet traffic which, if severed could potentially cripple governments or economies thanks to the degree to which the world depends on the internet. In a time of crisis, severing underwater internet cables could be catastrophic. We are it seems, going back to the future.
Caleb Larson holds a Master of Public Policy degree from the Willy Brandt School of Public Policy. He lives in Berlin and writes on U.S. and Russian foreign and defense policy, German politics, and culture.
Source URL:https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/how-us-navy-submarine-secretly-tapped-russias-undersea-cables-190478


Home › Wastewater Treatment › Why Use A Brush Aerator?
Why Use A Brush Aerator?
Horizontal rotor aerators, commonly referenced as "brush" aerators due to the rotor's resemblance of a brush, are ideally suited for a wide range of applications in an equally wide variety of reactor types, styles, and configurations. Originating in the "oxidation ditch" type reactors in Europe, the initial fixed- rotor concept was adapted to a floating platform in the southeastern United States for use in the shallow-pond aquaculture industry. From there, the floating platform horizontal rotor aerator transitioned to installation municipal wastewater lagoons, particularly facultative and partially-mixed lagoons, where a highly oxygenated surface layer is desired, yet the depths of the pond are allowed to become anoxic or anaerobic. However, applicability of the floating horizontal rotor is not limited to just facultative or partially-mixed lagoons. Indeed, well-mixed hydraulic conditions may be established and maintained within a lagoon, or other reactor, using horizontal rotor aerators. This expands the flexibility and suitability of floating platform horizontal rotor aerators into wastewater treatment processes including influent equalization, aerobic treatment, digestion, and sludge storage.
The flexibility of the floating platform horizontal rotor aerator is due to its operational performance, inclusive of its oxygen transfer capability and discharge, or mixing, capability. While these capabilities are often discussed exclusively, it is important to understand that they are inter-related.
With regard to oxygen transfer performance, a key factor in achieving superior oxygen transfer performance is to maximize the dissolved oxygen differential across the aerator unit. Stated differently, the greatest oxygen transfer efficiency is achieved by initiating the transfer process with a bulk liquid containing minimal, preferably no, dissolved oxygen. This condition maximizes the rate of oxygen flux through the surface of the water droplet. When coupled with a rotor and blade design that maximizes droplet formation and minimizes droplet size, the result is a superior oxygen transfer capability.
To achieve a minimal dissolved oxygen concentration entering the aerator rotor, the aerator must be capable of rapidly moving the highly oxygenated liquid away from the rotor's immediate area of influence to allow minimally oxygenated liquid to be drawn into the aerator. Horizontal rotor aerators, by design, have a significantly greater liquid displacement capability due to the surface area of the rotor actively involving the bulk liquid. Because of this, the horizontal rotor aerator, both fixed-platform and floating platform configurations, are capable of displacing between 3 and 10 times the liquid of other types of conventional mechanical surface aeration.
The most significant advantage of the horizontal rotor over other types of mechanical surface aeration equipment is the horizontal rotor's discharge profile. Unlike the splasher-type aeration equipment, with its primarily vertical mixing profile, or the aspirator-type aeration equipment, with its significant vertical mixing component, the horizontal rotor aeration equipment discharges primarily parallel with the pond surface, with only minor vertical mixing in the immediate vicinity of the aerator unit. When coupled with the greater discharge capacity, the floating platform horizontal rotor aerator is able to establish and maintain a highly oxygenated surface layer within a basin, while allowing the depths of the basin to remain a relatively quiescent and oxygen limited environment. The depth of active mixing is managed by the horizontal rotor aeration horsepower applied to a specific basin volume.
Conventional rules-of-thumb suggest an applied mixing energy of 8 HP of conventional mechanical surface aeration equipment per million gallons of basin volume is needed to achieve a hydraulic regime considered to be partially mixed. However, the lack of a significant vertical mixing component and a displacement rate of 3 to 10 times that of other equipment allows horizontal rotor aeration equipment to achieve partially mixed conditions with the application of 4 HP of aeration equipment per million gallons of basin volume.
The horizontal rotor aerator's discharge profile does not limit its applicability to surface aeration and mixing processes typical of partially mixed aerated lagoons. Indeed, horizontal rotor aerators are capable of establishing and maintaining well-mixed conditions typical of activated sludge treatment processes, aerobic digestion processes, influent equalization basins, etc., as demonstrated by their widespread use in oxidation ditch-type extended aeration activated sludge processes. Well-mixed conditions are achieved through intentional constriction of the aerator's discharge profile, either through physical constriction such as a reactor wall or a "hydraulic" constriction such as the proximity of adjacent aeration equipment. The aerator's rotor design dictates a relatively constant discharge rate for a given blade submergence. Instead of allowing the discharge energy to extend over a large area at a limited depth, as desired in surface aeration and mixing applications, the constrictions drive the mixing energy to a greater depth within the aerator's area of influence. Thus, for a constrained horizontal rotor aerator, feed water for the rotor is drawn from below the rotor rather than from the surface perpendicular to the direction of discharge.
Using conventional mechanical surface aeration equipment, applied mixing energies between 75 and 200 HP per million gallons of basin volume are necessary to achieve "well-mixed" hydraulic conditions within a reactor. In contrast, applied mixing energies between 30 and 100 HP per million gallons of basin volume are capable of achieving "well-mixed" conditions when using horizontal rotor aeration equipment.
The level of applied mixing energy is generally expressed in the arbitrary terms of horsepower per unit volume. However, this approach negates the mixing performance of the selected equipment. A more reasonable approach, which considers equipment mixing performance in determining the appropriate size of the aeration system to be used, is the concept of turnover time. Turnover time is the theoretical length of time necessary to circulate a unit volume from the aeration equipment, through the reactor volume, and returning to the aeration equipment. In general, a basin is considered well mixed when the total volume passes through the aeration equipment at least six times each hour (i.e. a turnover time of 10 minutes or less). Because of the significantly greater discharge rate of the horizontal rotor aerator, at least 3 times that of high-speed "splasher-type" aerators and more than 10 times that of aspirator-type aerators, the desired degree of mixing within a reactor may be achieved with significantly less energy input.


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The unique birth of Christ
Sinless character of Christ
THE DEITY OF CHRIST
THE MIRACLES OF CHRIST
THE SON OF GOD
Names of Christ in the Quran
It is universally held among Muslims that all prophets as a class were sinless; and sometimes there is quoted in support of such a notion the following passage:
> "They speak not before He speaks, and they act (in all things) by His command" (Al-Anbiya 21:27)
The general understanding of this verse is expressed by Maulana Muhammad Ali: This verse give us a conclusive testimony to the sinlessness of prophets. When they speak they do not precede Allah in speech, i.e. they speak according to what He has taught them, not speaking of their own accord. And when they act, they act according to His commandment. Thus both their speech and their actions are in accordance with Divine will, and therefore it cannot be said that they commit sin,"
Occasionally it is stated by Christian writers that Jesus Christ is the one sinless prophet in Islam, but that must not be taken to represent the Muslim view: for whatever the Quran may say about Him, it nowhere states that He, or any prophet for that matter, was' sinless'. Nevertheless, while by inference from the Quran itself other prophets have sinned yet there is not a hint there, or anywhere else in Islamic literature, of sin in Jesus. On the contrary, definite support for the common belief of the masses that He was without sin is to be found in a well-known, tradition, attested by both Bukhari and Muslim, which runs as follows: "The Prophet said, 'There is no son of Adam born, except Mary and her Son, but Satan touches him when he is born and he cries out from the touch of Satan,"
This tradition is quoted by Baidawi in his comment on the verse:> " I have named her Mary, and I commend her and her offspring to Thy protection from the Evil One, the Rejected." (Al-Imran 3:36). A variant form of the tradition is as follows: "The apostle of God said, Every child of Adam is at its birth, struck in the side by the devil's fingers, except Jesus, son of Mary. The devil went to stick his fingers into his side, but struck them in the membranes enveloping the foetus'." (Mishkatu'l-Masabih, Book I, chap. 3, pt.1, and Book 14, chap. 1, pt.1, (trans. Matthews). And the Quran itself makes Gabriel say to Mary that she is to have a holy son which Baidawi interprets to mean pure from sin. > He said: "Nay, I am only a messenger from thy Lord, (to announce) to thee the gift of a holy son (Maryam 19:19).
Muslim attempts to prove from the gospels the Christ was not sinless
While Islam has no record of accusing Christ of being a sinner, certain Muslim apologists from time to time, seek to unsettle the Christian by destroying his confidence in holy scripture and in the character of Jesus Christ by making such an accusation, so we are obliged to examine them briefly here.
1) The Baptism of Jesus (Mark 1:4-5,9; Matthew 3::13-17). The question inevitably suggests itself to the mind – how could the Saviour of the World submit to a rite which, for all others, amounted to a confession of sin? We need to bear in mind, however, that baptism, even for others, was always more than just that. For all, it was an act of self-consecration, marking the beginning of a new epoch as St. Paul says: "We who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death…. that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also might walk in newness of life" ( Romans 6:3-4). It was this for Jesus, it marked the beginning of a new epoch in His life; and yet for Him it meant much more.
1a) Among the Jews the out-pouring of the Holy Spirit was the expected sign of the dawn of the Messianic Age, cp. Joel, 2: 28-39; and it was such an out-pouring that Jesus experienced, as all the narratives declare. (Mark 1:10; Matthew 3:16; Luke 3:22; John 1:32)
1b) For Him the incident signified His consecration to the office of Messiah; this was part of the "righteousness" He felt Himself under an obligation to 'fulfil". Matthew 3:15.
1c) By this act Jesus identified Himself with the human race, we may say that He was baptized as the "Son of Man". He stood down with the crowds, identifying Himself with sinful men, yet remaining Himself "without sin". So He fulfilled this purpose of the Incarnation, He identified Himself, by the act of baptism, with the race of men. Nevertheless there was in this act, as He performed it, not the remotest suggestion that He felt He needed purification, nor any confession of sin.
2) The hidden years There are those who suggest that we do not really know what transpired in the hidden years before the ministry. They draw attention to critical biographers of Christ who say that the gospels have carefully refrained from making even a passing reference to his earlier years and have intentionally omitted to give any account of His first thirty years. They have chosen to start with that moment in his life when he emerged out of the sacred waters of Jordan a purer and perhaps a better man.
This is definitely not true, for we are told that > "the child grew and became strong and full of wisdom, and the grace of God rested upon Him"; and in that glimpse of Him as a boy of twelve it is recorded that >"Jesus increased both in wisdom and in stature, and in favour with God and man" (Luke 2:40 and verse 52).
3) The Temptations of Jesus. The main conclusion to be drawn from the Synoptic writers' accounts of the temptations is that Jesus was really tempted (Mark 1:12-13; Matthew 4:1-11; Luke 4:1-13). That is the view, too, of the writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews (Hebrews 2:18; 4:15). What then are we to infer from these temptations? Certainly not that He was, thereby, sinful for to be tempted is not to incur sin; rather, as written in James 1 verses: 2 and 12 man is to be praised who endures temptation and overcomes it. Surely the truth is that Jesus could not have been really tempted unless He was really able, if He chose, to yield. That He never did choose and never did yield are, likewise, facts equally well-attested in the gospels. Jesus being man was tempted, but being the man He was He did not sin.
We see that He was spared no obstacle, no pang. He had to resist temptation by exercising His strength. Nowhere is this fact more strikingly set forth than in the account of His ordeal in Gethsemane. And when it is recorded of Him that "He was tempted at all points as we are", what is meant is that He was tempted at all points of His sinless character as we are tempted at all points of our sinful character. Yet if ever it can be said of anyone, it should be said of Him, that there were certain things He simply could not have done. It has been truly observed that His will always showed its strength chiefly in certain splendid incapacities.
Any other view of His sinlessness would rob His character of all moral complexion. Certainly He would not have become a creative moral force in history if at the age of thirty He had never yet in things physical as well as spiritual heard the tempter's voice. As it is, we see that He surmounted all His temptations that is something that immensely helps us who also wrestle, and makes true what is recorded of Him: > "for in that He Himself hath suffered being tempted. He is able to succour them that are tempted." (Hebrews 2:18).
4) "Why callest thou me good; none is good save one, even God" Yet another difficulty is presented in the remark of Jesus, "Why callest thou me good; none is good save one, even God"(Mark 10:17). It is sometimes suggested that we have here an avowal of failure, a plain denial of sinless ness. But to put such an interpretation on these words would make nonsense of the Gospel of Mark. Jesus, according to Mark, is the Messiah in whom the Righteousness of God is concretely present in the midst of Israel. The passage really has no bearing whatever on the question of the sinless ness of Jesus, but indicates that He is anxious to correct this young ruler's idea as to what constitutes "goodness". For, even though we may agree that the man was sincere, it is obvious that he had not given due thought to the importance of the words he used.
Moreover, Jesus' rejoinder is not merely a declining of the youth's too glib tribute, it is that, but it is a challenge to him to contemplate the Absolute Goodness, an attribute of God Himself, and then measure himself, and the righteousness he professes, by that supreme standard. Let him think what goodness means to God, and then think out what it must mean to call Jesus "good". Goodness, in its fullest sense, is not human at all, but an attribute of God alone. We thus arrive at a thought-provoking conclusion: that only after giving due consideration to the essential meaning of goodness and its bearing on the fact of Christ, is a man in a position to give to Him the praise that is His due. And even then, praise alone is not enough. Christ asks for, and expects, allegiance also. It was in this that the ruler signally failed, Like many Muslims, he found it easy to praise Christ, but when faced with the obligation to follow Him, he turned away, unwilling to make the sacrifice.
In conclusion it can be stated without fear of contradiction that there is a total absence of a consciousness of moral guilt on the part of Jesus in the gospel records. Jesus never prayed for forgiveness, yet He asked others to do so. He expressed no need for reconciliation with His Father. He had no seasons of self-abasement, born of a sense of transgression, At each stage His will was undamaged by the previous admission of sin, there was no enemy of self-will within, and therefore no danger of defeat. This is something that greatly impresses the unprejudiced reader.
And in Jesus this arresting feature is an essential part of Him; it is not the effect of pose. He who so severely condemned hypocrisy in others, combined with His own claim to sinless ness the possession of a sincerity transparent and undisputed, All others, the world's greatest heroes, are conscious of shortcomings. Even the saint has the sense of unworthiness, only much more acutely. But in the case of Jesus the serenity of His vision of God was unclouded. His fellowship with the Father was maintained unbroken in the face of well-nigh overwhelming temptation. The perfect harmony was never marred, if we except those few hours of agony on the cross. From the outset to end, no desire, motion, conception or resolve existed in the soul of Jesus, which was not the affirmation and execution of the will of God dwelling in Him and informing His entire life.
⟵ The unique birth of Christ Names of Christ in the Quran ⟶

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Map - Taipei Songshan Airport (Taipei Songshan Airport)
World > Asia > Taiwan > Taiwan Province > Taipei City > Songshan District > Jingzhong Village > Taipei Songshan Airport
Taipei Songshan Airport (Taipei Songshan Airport)
Taipei Songshan Airport is a mid-size commercial airport and military airbase located in Songshan, Taipei, Taiwan (the Republic of China). The airport covers an area of 182 ha.
The civilian section of Songshan Airport, officially Taipei International Airport, has scheduled flights to domestic destinations in Taiwan and international destinations including Seoul, Tokyo, and select cities in mainland China. Songshan serves only a small portion of the international flights for Taipei using the larger Taoyuan International Airport. Songshan Airport is also the base of certain Republic of China Air Force units as part of the Songshan Air Force Base . The Songshan Base Command's main mission is to serve the President and Vice President of the Republic of China.
RCSS
Latitude / Longitude : 25° 3' 51" N / 121° 33' 1" E	| Time zone : UTC+8	| Currency : TWD	| Telephone : 886
Map-Taipei Songshan Airport
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Douglas DC-6 and DC-3 23a
International potential
Taipei Songshan Airport 2nd Terminal Building 20091018
Panoramic views of the viewing platform in RCSS
TSA destinations
Songshan Airport Station Platform
Taipei Songshan Airport
Country - Taiwan
Flag of Taiwan
Taiwan (, UK also ), officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Its neighbors include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations.
The island of Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, was inhabited by aborigines before the 17th century, when Dutch and Spanish colonies opened the island to mass Han immigration. After a brief rule by the Kingdom of Tungning, the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty, the last dynasty of China. The Qing ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895 after the Sino-Japanese War. While Taiwan was under Japanese rule, the Republic of China (ROC) was established on the mainland in 1912 after the fall of the Qing dynasty. Following the Japanese surrender to the Allies in 1945, the ROC took control of Taiwan. However, the resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the ROC's loss of the mainland to the Communists, and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949. Although the ROC continued to claim to be the legitimate government of China, its effective jurisdiction had, since the loss of Hainan in 1950, been limited to Taiwan and several small islands, with the main island making up 99% of its de facto territory. As a founding member of the United Nations, the ROC represented China at the UN until 1971, when it lost its seat to the PRC.
Map - Taiwan
Currency / Language
TWD New Taiwan dollar	 $ 2
ZH Chinese language
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Airport - Taiwan
Kaohsiung International Airport
Taichung Airport
Taoyuan International Airport
Taipei Songshan Airport (English) Taipei Songshan Airport (Nederlands) Aéroport de Taipei Songshan (Français) Flughafen Taipeh-Songshan (Deutsch) Суншань (Русский) Aeropuerto de Taipéi Songshan (Español) Port lotniczy Tajpej-Songshan (Polski) 臺北松山機場 (中文) 台北松山空港 (日本語) 타이베이 쑹산 공항 (한국어) Taipei Songshanin lentoasema (Suomi) Bandar Udara Songshan Taipei (Bahasa Indonesia) Taipei Songshan Havalimanı (Türkçe) Sân bay Tùng Sơn Đài Bắc (Tiếng Việt)


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AFL Chairman Richard Goyder has priorities wrong, says Caroline Wilson
By Marc Churches
Veteran AFL reporter Caroline Wilson has blasted AFL Chairman Richard Goyder for electing not to attend this year's grand final in Brisbane.
Goyder, who's also the chairman of Qantas, has raised eyebrows among his AFL peers through season 2020 for being absent at a number of key events including the game's announcement of its regular season return as well as the change of grand final.
Wilson used her Caro's Arrow segment to take aim at the AFL chairman for getting his "priorities" wrong and causing friction between clubs and the commission.
"Richard Goyder was nowhere to be seen the day the AFL shut down," Wilson told Nine's Footy Classified.
Richard Goyder (Getty)
"Nor was he there the day the game announced its $600 million rescue package and he was absent the day Gillon McLachlan forecast the game's return.
"But even some of the AFL Chairman's strongest supporters at club land were amazed when Goyder told them he would not be attending, due to a clash of dates, the AFL's 2020 Grand Final.
"Not just any grand final but the first grand final played at night and under lights. The first outside of Victoria and played at the end of October.
"And a season conclusion that some of the game's elders feared would never happen.
Doubts over Crouch's free-agency
"Richard, I know you might be chairman of Qantas and the Perth Telethon, but you've got your priorities wrong.
"This was not just a climactic opportunity to thank the supporters, clubs, players, club members and the people and premier of Queensland – this was your first obligation.
"Never in my memory can I remember a time when the AFL commission had less clout with the clubs and commanded less respect.
"Symbolic or not, the decision by the chairman of the AFL to snub the 2020 grand final, its grandest occasion, says it all."
Lloyd: Stephenson must get tougher
Wilson's strong criticism of the chairman's decision led to a back and forth with panellist Craig Hutchison who told the veteran AFL columnist she lacked "empathy" for Goyder and his responsibilities with Qantas.
Hutchison: What about the tens of thousands of staff at Qantas he's available for?
Wilson: He's got a Qantas board meeting on Friday. He could've done that by Skype.
I think he's going to Sydney for that board meeting. He could've done that by skype and gone to the grand final the next day.
You don't think that's an odd decision?
Hutchison: I think you lack empathy.
Matthew Lloyd: Should he not be the chairman of the AFL if he can't get to the grand final?
Hutchison: Channel 7's commentators aren't going to the grand final, it's not easy.
You can't just jump on a tram and go.
Wilson: Yes you can.
Other commissioners have done exactly that. He lives in Perth.
He could fly there and attend the grand final. People in the game were shocked and it's symbolic of where the commission is standing in many decisions at the moment.
AFL grand final
'Staggering': Caroline Wilson roasts Ben Brown and manager for rejecting big North contract
'The decision is taken out of your hands': GWS veteran Heath Shaw reacts to Giants moving on


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Slow Motion is a Terrible Thing - Old Man Plays Hockey
It's probably irrational, but when I start a game in goal I am a nervous wreck until the first shot comes at me. It's a matter of Imposter's Syndrome, that I'm terrible and have no right to be dragging my teammates down like an anchor with my sub-par goaltending. Once I can turn that first shot away, though, the miasma of dread evaporates. I feel validated, even if only a smidge, and my confidence increases. The world is a better place, hockey is the bestest sport ever, and I could have played in the NHL if only I'd started 20 years ago. 30 years ago. Okay, 45 years ago.
Of course, all that empowerment feels false if you give up a crappy goal.
Like I did Sunday night.
The first period of the game was a rough one for the Scurvy Dogs. We didn't have our skating legs and it's safe to say we were out shot in the vicinity of 15-2 or so. Still, I was turning aside whatever the defense let get through. I was giving my team the opportunity to win.
Until, you know, I wasn't.
I suppose I could deflect some of the blame on it being a power play goal but no, that would be disingenuous. It was a clean shot from the point, a slapper that never got off the ice. I had a clear view of it, was in good position, and dropped into my 'butterfly' (calling it butterflying implies that I can do sort of a split. I can't, but saying 'dropping into a Vee' sounds dirty). The shot hit dead center on the blade of my stick.
And therein proved the problem. In a rookie mistake, I didn't have my elbow out toward the shooter. It doesn't have to be much, but it can't be back by my shoulder. Which it was.
Which brings us to the slow motion of the title, an accurate description of how the puck looked as it flipped, end over end, in an arc over my right shoulder. It could have hit the crossbar and stayed out but what would the fun have been in that? Ugh. 1-0 on an ugly, ugly goal.
I didn't self-destruct. I made a few saves, gave up one I never saw in the 2nd period and another late in the game when a puck didn't get cleared, and we lost 3-1. I was sad that I put my team in a hole they never got out of - although they did get close - but at the same time I have to think back to last year when I was playing for the Mustangs and it was a moral victory if I kept it under double digits. I know I'm not a great goalie, or even a good one. I know I'm old and my improvement curve is a steep one, to say the least.
But ye gods, I'm having fun. If I can do so without destroying my team's chances when I'm between the pipes, I'm alright with that. Even if I'll never get my hands on a Vezina Trophy.
(look a whole post with no political ranting!)
A couple of days ago I picked up Slaughter-house Five and started reading it again. It has been way too long since I've allowed myself to get lost in Vonnegut's prose, and now, as I sit here at 5:30am after what will likely prove to be one of the most disastrous Presidential elections in US History, it seems an oddly prescient choice. Potentially horrible events loom before us. Be nice if the Tralfamadorians could show up right about now.
I'm not even sure what to say at this moment. Do I yell at the media, who are currently standing there looking at the smoking remains of our future with a burnt-out match and an empty can of gasoline in their hands and saying, "Uh, this might be our bad"? Do I rage at the people who value imposing the tenets of their religion over the rights of other people, even though their religion pretty much tells them not to do that? Do I snarl at those who made their 'protest votes' and ask them if their smug sense of superiority will endure when they're choking on the poisoned air of a renewed - I can't even believe this is going to be a thing - coal initiative?
There's no point in any of that, I suppose. But what I can do is this: worry and work.
Worries are going to be as easy to find as leaves in our yards right about now (well, in the Northeast, anyway). GOP POTUS, GOP Senate, GOP House. Last time that happened was the late 20's and it led to the Great Depression. I'm worried for my LGBTQ friends and their rights, which should be as guaranteed as anyone else's. The EPA has always been a thorn in my side with regard to my business, but a necessary one. I shudder to think of what will happen if they're gone. I have friends with pre-existing medical conditions who were essentially given a new lease on life with the ACA - what happens to them now? Hell, my parents both make use of Medicaid/Medicare. All 'entitlement' programs are in Paul Ryan's sights now. Speaking of which, Planned Parenthood - shit. Can you fathom that being gone? Maybe you're fortunate enough to never needed it. Others have and will continue to do so. Millions of others. Will it be gone in a whirlwind of religious righteousness and the need to build . . . battleships?
Frightening stuff, and only the tip of the iceberg. What to do? Right now, this morning as the dust settles? Despair, a little. Go in and hug my wife for a while. Take comfort in my friends and loved ones, who are often the same people.
And then work.
Not 'earn-a-living' work, although that's going to happen, but work at surviving the nightmare that's on the horizon. Help where I can. Be there with support for those who need it. Never, ever, EVER give up hope. Half the people who voted didn't want him. We're not going to go away, not going to go quietly. We survived eight years of W. and while it kills me to see the accomplishments of Obama likely to be eradicated in a matter of months, we can't give up. We cannot let the nation's future be dictated by racists and haters. They've made their voice heard, won this round. We are made of sterner stuff, of nobler intentions, of greater fortitude and stronger hearts. We will be there for one another, suffer the slings and arrows together, endure. Our children are depending on us.
And we will be worthy of their trust. We have to be.
Slow Motion is a Terrible Thing - Old Man Plays Ho...


Nikon didn't wait very long to update its excellent D5200 digital SLR. That camera, announced internationally last November, didn't make its U.S. debut until CES in January, and less than a year later we have its successor.
On the exterior the new D5300 is pretty much the same as its predecessor-the only notable change is an LCD that's a bit larger (3.2 inches) and sharper (1,037k dots) than the 3-inch, 921k-dot vari-angle display found on the D5200.
Despite boasting the same 24-megapixel resolution as its predecessor, the D5300's image sensor is a different design. It's the same one that is found in the D7100. That means that it omits the optical low-pass filter (OLPF). Professional medium format digital cameras have long done away with the OLPF, which saps up a bit of detail in order to eliminate the possibility of color moire appearing in images. Over the past couple years, more and more smaller format cameras have dropped the OLPF, including Nikon's own D800E and the Pentax K-5 IIs. But the D5300 is the first camera we've seen that is squarely aimed at the consumer market to take this approach.
The EXPEED 4 image processor is also new to the D5300, replacing the EXPEED 3 chip that powered the D5200. This is the first Nikon camera with this image processor, but the company promises that it will deliver improved performance in low light and faster operation overall. The native ISO range is ISO 100 through 12800, with 25600 available as an expanded option. The metering and focus systems are the same as the D5200-that gives the camera a 2,016-pixel RGB sensor for scene recognition and 39 selectable autofocus. Like its predecessor, the D5300 is rated to shoot at 5 frames per second.
The other big internal upgrade is the addition of built-in Wi-Fi. Previously Nikon D-SLR owners had to purchase the WU-1a adapter to add wireless connectivity to their cameras. This feature is built into the D5300, so you can transfer photos wirelessly to an iOS or Android device without the need for an add-on. A GPS module is also built into the camera, so your location is added to photo metadata automatically. You'll be able to look at shots on a map when using software like iPhoto or Picasa, or sharing online via a hosting service that includes a map view, like Smugmug.
The D5300 will be available in black, red, or dark gray. It's priced at $799.95 as a body only, or $1,099.95 with an 18-140mm lens. It will be available to purchase in mid-November.
This announcement comes on the heels of news of the D610, a very minor update to the full-frame D600. It's essentially the same camera, but with an improved shutter that allows for a 6fps continuous shooting rate. Many D600 owners reported that the camera has a tendency to pick up dust on the sensor after extended use. It wasn't something we saw with our review unit, and sensor dust is a common issue with all interchangeable lens cameras, but the noise that D600 owners made indicated that it was something beyond what is normally expected.
Nikon issued a service advisory for the D600 relating to the dust issue. The company is not saying that the new shutter is there to reduce the instances of dust accumulation; rather, the official line is that it improves the burst shooting rate and also introduces a new 3fps quiet continuous mode.
The D610 comes in at a $100 less than its predecessor; it's priced at $1,999.95 as a body only, and can be purchased in a kit with the 24-85mm f/3.5-4.5 lens for $2,599.95.
Rounding out the Nikon announcements is a new high-end prime lens. The AF-S Nikkor 58mm f/1.4G matches the focal length of the classic Noct-Nikkor 58mm f/1.2, but its aperture isn't quite as ambitious. The new lens features the latest nanocrystal coatings, ED and aspherical elements, and an internal SWM focus motor. It's priced at $1,699.95 and will be available at the end of October.


text:
Q: different alignments for different columns and items Got a WPF app.
it uses a listview control.
I have 3 columns.
I want the 1st column header to be left aligned
I want the other 2 to be centred aligned
I want one the items to be right aligned (just so I know how to do it).
With my markup everything is Left aligned so what am I doing wrong?
This is my markup:
<ResourceDictionary>
    <Style TargetType="GridViewColumnHeader">
        <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Left"/>
    </Style>
    <DataTemplate x:Key="value1Template">
        <TextBlock TextAlignment="Right" Text="{Binding Path=Description}"/>
    </DataTemplate>
    <DataTemplate x:Key="value2Template">
        <TextBlock TextAlignment="Center"  Text="{Binding Path=IncludesVATCaption}"/>
    </DataTemplate>
    <DataTemplate x:Key="value3Template">
        <TextBlock TextAlignment="Center"  Text="{Binding Path=Cost}"/>
    </DataTemplate>
</ResourceDictionary>

<ListView x:Name="lvWorkItems">
    <ListView.View>
        <GridView>
            <GridViewColumn Header="Description" CellTemplate="{StaticResource value1Template}"  Width="190">
            </GridViewColumn>
            <GridViewColumn Header="IsVat" Width="50" CellTemplate="{StaticResource value2Template}"/>
            <GridViewColumn Header="Cost" Width="65" CellTemplate="{StaticResource value3Template}" />
        </GridView>
    </ListView.View>
</ListView>

A: You should set the HorizontalContentAligment property to Stretch so that the column/cell inside a row can take the required space. This can be achieved by setting the property through ItemContainerStyle.
 <ListView.ItemContainerStyle>
       <Style TargetType="ListViewItem">
            <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch" />
       </Style>
 </ListView.ItemContainerStyle>

A: You saw that behaviour cause you set style for GridViewColumnHeader and it is applied for all columns. You can change this Style by adding DataTrigger for Center alignment columns.
<ResourceDictionary>
    <Style TargetType="GridViewColumnHeader">
        <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Left"/>
        <Style.Triggers>
            <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=Self}, Path=Column.HeaderStringFormat}" Value="Center">
                <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
            </DataTrigger>
        </Style.Triggers>
    </Style>
</ResourceDictionary>

And you should set HeaderStringFormat="Center" property for them. I know it's a little tricky.
<GridViewColumn Header="IsVat" Width="50" CellTemplate="{StaticResource value2Template}" HeaderStringFormat="Center"/>
<GridViewColumn Header="Cost" Width="65" CellTemplate="{StaticResource value3Template}" HeaderStringFormat="Center" />

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
describe('L.esri.Layers.TiledMapLayer', function () {
  var url = 'http://services.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/USA_Topo_Maps/MapServer';
  var layer;
  var server;

  beforeEach(function(){
    server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
    layer = L.esri.tiledMapLayer(url);
  });

  afterEach(function(){
    server.restore();
  });

  it('will assign a tile scheme to the url', function () {
    expect(layer.tileUrl).to.equal('http://services.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/USA_Topo_Maps/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}');
  });

  it('will modify url for tiles.arcgis.com services', function () {
    var layer = L.esri.tiledMapLayer('http://tiles.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/USA_Topo_Maps/MapServer');
    expect(layer.tileUrl).to.equal('http://tiles{s}.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/USA_Topo_Maps/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}');
    expect(layer.options.subdomains).to.deep.equal(['1','2','3','4']);
  });

  it('should expose the authenticate method on the underlying service', function(){
    var spy = sinon.spy(layer._service, 'authenticate');
    layer.authenticate('foo');
    expect(spy).to.have.been.calledWith('foo');
  });

  it('should expose the query method on the underlying service', function(){
    var spy = sinon.spy(layer._service, 'identify');
    var identify = layer.identify();
    expect(spy).to.have.been.calledWith(layer.service);
    expect(identify).to.be.an.instanceof(L.esri.Tasks.IdentifyFeatures);
    expect(identify._service).to.equal(layer._service);
  });

  it('should propagate events from the service', function(){
    server.respondWith('GET', 'http://services.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/USA_Topo_Maps/MapServer&f=json', JSON.stringify({
      currentVersion: 10.2
    }));

    var requeststartSpy = sinon.spy();
    var requestendSpy = sinon.spy();

    layer.on('requeststart', requeststartSpy);
    layer.on('requestend', requestendSpy);

    layer.metadata(function(){});

    server.respond();

    expect(requeststartSpy.callCount).to.be.above(0);
    expect(requestendSpy.callCount).to.be.above(0);
  });

  it('should have a L.esri.Layers.tiledMapLayer alias', function(){
    layer = L.esri.Layers.tiledMapLayer(url);
    expect(layer).to.be.instanceof(L.esri.Layers.TiledMapLayer);
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Whether you work for an agency, or yourself, below are 4 mistakes all account managers will make, but can be easily avoided. Click here to find PPC expert services.
If you haven't heard of SearchCon yet that either means that either we as search engine marketing professionals aren't doing our jobs, or you are simply just missing out. Meeting annually for the past 4 years, some of the top providers of Denver SEO services and digital marketing get together at Beaver Run Resort to talk shop, network, and have fun in beautiful Breckinridge, CO.


text:
Bishop's reef claims defy science: expert
The Abbott government claim that the Great Barrier Reef isn't in danger defies all available science, a leading international expert says.
Professor Terry Hughes, who is the director of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, says there's an extraordinary disconnect between the government's position and what scientists across the globe believe.
He says even the federal government's own reef outlook report, released earlier this year, found the reef in poor condition and deteriorating, with climate change the primary threat.
Foreign Minister Julie Bishop this week revealed she'd challenged US President Barack Obama over his climate change speech on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Brisbane.
She said her office had sent him a briefing on federal preservation efforts, after he used the speech to warn natural wonders like the reef are under direct threat without climate change action.
"We do not believe it is in danger," Ms Bishop told Sky News on Friday.
"In fact the Australian government is making every effort to ensure the Great Barrier Reef is preserved for generations to come."
SA Government unveils bushfire relief plan
George Christensen repays $2K travel costs
Small business to receive bushfire help
Prof Hughes said he couldn't explain why Ms Bishop's views were so far removed from the science.
"I think you'll have to ask her that," he told AAP.
"It's just not credible to say you are protecting the Great Barrier Reef while doing nothing about climate change."
He said scientists had also roundly condemned the recent draft 2050 reef plan, produced by the federal and Queensland governments.
Government support for the development of the vast Carmichael coal mine in the Galilee basin was also inconsistent with reef protection, he said.
Mr Obama's speech highlighted how out of step Australia was on climate change policy.
Deputy opposition leader Tanya Plibersek accused Ms Bishop of insulting the US president.
"She's berating the president of the United States," Ms Plibersek said in Sydney.
"This is an extraordinarily petulant performance."
The reef generates about $6 billion a year through tourism.
The conservation group WWF said the US president was right to be concerned about the reef, and his position was backed by science.
"The (Australian) government's own experts have clearly stated that current management arrangements are not enough to even halt the decline of the reef, let alone reverse the reef's decline," chief executive Dermot O'Gorman said in a statement.
Opposition Leader Bill Shorten said Ms Bishop should have voiced her views to President Obama when she had the chance.
"When you've got world leaders in the room, the Abbott government are pussycats," Mr Shorten told reporters in Melbourne.
"As soon as the world leaders leave Australia, then they turn into lions."


text:
Pavetta subulata är en måreväxtart som beskrevs av Johannes Elias Teijsmann och Simon Binnendijk. Pavetta subulata ingår i släktet Pavetta och familjen måreväxter.

Artens utbredningsområde är Java. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Måreväxter
subulata

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Thank You - Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P. A.
CALL US DAY OR NIGHT AND SPEAK TO A LOCAL ATTORNEY.
Thank you, we look forward to the opportunity to work with you!
Would you prefer to talk to an attorney right now?
Custom law firm websites from Practice42.
The hiring of a lawyer in an important decision that should not be based on advertising. The information on this website is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice. The use of the website does not constitute an attorney-client relationship.


Lucy's Tavern *Cancelled Due To Illness* — .
You know we love Lucy's! You know how fun a night at Lucy's is…the drinks are strong and the drinks are cheap. We will be rocking there on Friday the 15th of March during the IHRSA convention.


text:
Interview with Paul Safar
I'm very proud to be conducting the Cherry Blossom Musical Arts orchestra in the world premiere of Paul's Concerto for Electric Guitar and Chamber Orchestra as well as the Oregon premiere of my arrangement of Duke Ellington's Single Petal of a Rose. I did a brief interview with Paul about his new work that you can read below. This project, culminating in a concert on Feb 10, is a monumental undertaking, for which preparation has been going on for many months. If you are in the Eugene area, you must be there!
Here are the details of the concert:
"Art Music Live in the 21st Century II"
Central Lutheran Church,
1857 Potter Street, Eugene, 7:30 pm
-World premiere of Concerto for Electric Guitar and Chamber Orchestra by Eugene composer Paul Safar, with soloist Olem Alves
-Single Petal of a Rose for jazz orchestra, by Eugene composer and trumpet player Douglas Detrick
- Micro-Dramatic Songs by Portland composer and sound artist Dan Senn, performed by Soprano Nancy Wood, accompanied by Paul Safar
-A Quartet in Red, Black and Blue for String Quartet
-Fly On: Variations on a theme by Jimi Hendrix for solo piano written and performed by Eugene composer Paul Safar.
The Concerto for Electric Guitar and Chamber Orchestra was written by Cherry Blossom Resident Composer Paul Safar for the popular Eugene guitarist Olem Alves. Alves will be playing with an orchestra assembled from the Eugene Symphony, the Oregon Mozart Players and the University of Oregon School of Music and Dance, conducted by Douglas Detrick.
Interview with Paul Safar:
DD: Your concerto includes a really broad range of stylistic influences. You've mixed old and new styles, an electric guitar with acoustic accompaniment and written lush, beautiful melodies along with more abstract, improvised sections. Also, genres of music not conventionally associated with the orchestra, among them rock, jazz and afro-cuban music, are very important to the piece. How do all these different styles come together into one piece for you?
PS: Most importantly, I am hoping that the rather tight structure of the piece holds it together. This piece to me is above all very classical in its form. I grew up with classical piano early on and one of the first big pieces I sunk my teeth into was Beethoven's Pathetique Piano Sonata. In this rather daunting undertaking of tackling a big project like this concerto, I decided it wise to base the first movement structurally on a piece I knew well, that particular sonata.
Musically I have always been a bit of jack of all trades. I do feel equally at home in classical, jazz and pop/rock having played all those genres since a young age. Perhaps this eclectic background can be a blessing in disguise in creating some musical coherence. I'm hoping I have assimilated those diverse influences into something whole, perhaps a different take on a "classical" piece.
The initial impetus for writing the piece is a feeling that this wonderful instrument, the electric guitar, seemed to be underrepresented in the classical music world. It is an instrument of my generation, of power, a variety of timbres, with a long sustain like a wind or string instrument and the ability to bend notes like the voice. It's an expressive instrument. I've included some short structured improvisation sections both since the history of the instrument if filled with it and as a nod to Olem, whose forte is improvisation. Yes, this piece is, in a way, Hendrix meets Brahms (maybe odd bedfellows) but I am happy combining equally the classical and vernacular as they are both deeply engrained in me.
DD: This is a monumental project. You've not only written the piece, but organized an entire orchestra, written grants to help with funding, and dealt with all the difficulties that come with producing a concert. Its a testament to your hard work, and also to the vibrancy of the Eugene music community. Could you talk about the creation of the piece and the production of the concert? How was a project like this possible?
PS: First and foremost, it wouldn't have been possible without my partner in crime Nancy Wood. She and I founded Cherry Blossom Musical Arts in 2003 to provide a vehicle to see original musical performance projects come to life. A big thrust of the organization has been collaboration. We've done a children's musical theatre piece, multi media performances and art music meets vaudeville shows, among other things. In addition to a learned soprano (she'll be singing some very difficult new music on the concert as
well), Nancy has a great artistic vision and is great at makeing important personal connections. I also always trust her artistic judgements when I'm grappling with big picture compositional questions. In addition she has been invaluable in the more practical process with p.r and fund raising. She is Cherry Blossom's grant writer. For her I am hugely grateful. We are a small non profit but always seem to manage to break even from project to project.
Another big component to making this actually happen is in its timing. I had the idea to write a concerto for electric guitar over 15 years ago but the time really wasn't right in hindsight. I needed to both mature as a composer and let my sojourn into pop music lead me back into "art music" via Nancy and Cherry Blossom.
I also now have colleagues to bounce ideas off of. I met the right collaborators as precisely the right time me to feel like this could really come about. Having Olem Alves to write the piece for and work with is huge. In addition, meeting you, Doug, and having you help me with some skills I was lacking in has been just great. Both of you are very professional and easy to get along with (a nice combination). Having been a part of the Eugene music scene for 16 years now as both piano teacher and performer, I have been lucky to befriend great players to ask to be a part of this concert. Maybe I also needed to get over the age of forty and realize that this has been a long term dream that needed to happen sooner than later!
DD: The piece is dedicated to your father, Peter Safar. How does the piece honor his memory? Has your relationship to the music developed through the course of its creation? How?
PS: My father, Peter Safar, who passed away in 2003, was a big influence on me. In addition to a huge heart, a big drive, determination and work ethic, he also instilled in me the love of music as something that can be transcendent. Although steeped in western classical music, especially the germanic tradition, my dad was, at his core, pretty darn open-minded in terms of music. He was always very supportive of my music whatever the style. Since I feel this is my most ambitious work to date and one that nods strongly to his musical traditions, it makes sense to dedicate it to his memory. One of his favorite composers was Mahler and although this piece is much more abstract in nature than that Romantic Viennese composer, I do view the piece overall as a journey, a story which contains both a diary for me and hopefully a resonance with with the audience.
I am very excited to hear this birthing of a piece that's dear to my heart and some time in the making. I hope the piece creates a colorful sound palette with its blend of the electric soloist and orchestral musicians. And I hope it comes across as vibrant, exciting, and both challenging as well as familiar.


text:
ASB: New Zealand Bank of the Year four years running
ASB has been named New Zealand Bank of the Year for the fourth consecutive year by Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.
ASB received the award at the 17th annual International Bank of the Year awards held in London on December 7, 2016.
The awards recognise and celebrate the best banks from around the world. Winners are chosen from entries that successfully demonstrate the positive impact each is making within its local market.
ASB Chief Executive Barbara Chapman says ASB is extremely proud to be recognised as New Zealand Bank of the Year for the fourth year-in-a-row.
"The financial services industry is experiencing rapid change and ASB is delighted to be acknowledged for outstanding innovation and using technology to provide exceptional experiences for our customers, however they choose to engage with us," Ms Chapman says.
ASB's entry highlighted the launch of ASB's interactive digital moneybox Clever Kash, a financial literacy tool developed to help Kiwi kids learn good money management habits.
Other innovation highlights include developments to ASB Card Control and the launch of ASB Virtual, among other new digital tools for customers.
The Banker celebrates its 90th anniversary this year, making it the longest-running international banking title.
All enquiries should be directed to:
Marise Hurley
Senior Media Manager
Email marise.hurley@asb.co.nz
Holly Ryan
Communications Advisor
Email holly.ryan@asb.co.nz
Media Centre› Media Releases› ASB: New Zealand Bank of the Year four years running


Chopping the garlic together with salt softens garlic's sharp, spicy bite.
Place oven racks in middle and lower third of oven. Preheat oven to 425ºF.
On a cutting board, place garlic in a mound and sprinkle with 1 tsp salt. Using blade and flat side of a chef's knife, chop and scrape mixture into a paste. Spoon into a small bowl and add rosemary and pepper; stir to combine.
Using a paring knife, make twelve X-shaped cuts,1/8-inch-deep each, all over each tenderloin. Take about 3/4 of garlic mixture and divide among cuts in meat; rub remaining garlic mixture all over pork. Wrap each piece pork with 2 slices bacon; place in baking dish.
Roast pork on middle rack, 25 minutes; remove from oven and baste with pan juices. Return pan to oven; continue roasting until an instant-read thermometer inserted into center of thickest portion registers 145ºF, about 10 minutes more.
Meanwhile, generously coat a 13 x 18-inch rimmed baking sheet with nonstick cooking spray; add Brussels sprouts, potatoes and onions to pan. Sprinkle with remaining 1 tsp salt, fennel seeds and red pepper flakes; toss well to coat. Roast on lower oven rack until vegetables are browned and cooked through, stirring a few times, 25-30 minutes.
When pork is done, remove from oven and let rest 10-15 minutes; reserve pan juices. Thinly slice pork and serve with roasted vegetables with reserved pan juices spooned over top.


text:
Geoscience Australia update in response to COVID-19
Geoscience Australia is responding to the outbreak of COVID-19. See more for an update on our actions and the impact on our services.
Applying geoscience to Australia's most important challenges
Level 2 site navigation
We support evidence-based decisions through information, advice and services for a strong economy, resilient society and sustainable environment.
A range of documents govern our operations and provide information about our projects and initiatives.
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Our strength lies in our people and our diversity in backgrounds. Geoscience Australia offers a variety of scientific, technical, IT and administrative roles.
Geoscience Australia's management structure.
Projects and activities currently undertaken by Geoscience Australia as part of the work program.
Geoscience Australia participates in cooperative projects at all levels of government and industry.
Geoscience Australia's history, dating from 1946.
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Our products include almanacs, software and web services providing precise astronomical data.
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Greenbushes: In Australia, Talison Lithium Ltd (51% owned by the Chengdu Tianqui Industry Group and 49% by US-based Albemarle Corporation), is the world's largest producer of hard-rock spodumene, from the Greenbushes Lithium Operations, 250 km southeast of Perth. Mineralisation at Greenbushes occurs within a large Archean pegmatite body in the Yilgarn Craton. Historical mining, largely for tin, has been undertaken in this area since the late 1800s. Lithium mining at Greenbushes commenced almost a century later, in the early 1980s, with the first lithium processing plant commissioned in 1985.
The most recent publicly reported resource figures for Greenbushes date from September 2012, when Talison Lithium Ltd (prior to its acquisition), reported combined Measured and Indicated Resources of 118.4 million tonnes (Mt) grading 2.4% lithium oxide (Li2O), containing Proved and Probable reserves of 61.5 Mt grading 2.8% Li2O.
In early 2013, Talison was 100% acquired by the Chinese company Chengdu Tianqi Industry (Group) Co Ltd (Tianqi) through its Australian incorporated, wholly-owned subsidiary, Windfield Holdings Pty Ltd. Tianqi's subsidiaries include Sichuan Tianqi Lithium Industries, the world's largest lithium chemical producer from spodumene, and Sichuan Tianqi Industry Co Ltd, which distributes technical-grade lithium concentrates and is the sole distributor for Talison's technical-grade lithium concentrate in China. In May 2014, Rockwood Lithium Inc (a lithium producer from brines at operations in Chile and in Nevada, USA) acquired a 49% share in Talison Lithium Pty Ltd from Tianqi. In January 2015, it was announced that Rockwood Holdings (a US-based specialty chemicals and advanced materials company), the parent company of Rockwood Lithium, had become a wholly owned subsidiary of Albemarle Corporation, a speciality chemical company, under a merger agreement reached in mid-2014.
In 2017, Talison announced a $320 million expansion to increase plant size and capacity, due for completion 2019, to increase lithium concentrate production capacity of the Greenbushes project to 1.34 Mt per annum (Mtpa). In June 2018, a $516 million, second-stage expansion of Greenbushes was announced, including two additional chemical-grade plants. The latter upgrade, once completed (late 2020), will increase Greenbushes production capacity to 2.7 Mtpa of lithium concentrate (from approximately 9.5 Mtpa of spodumene ore).
Both Tianqi and Albemarle are in the process of building plants in Western Australia, utilising their respective shares of the lithium concentrate from Greenbushes to produce (higher value) battery-grade lithium hydroxide. In 2016, Tianqi announced that it would build a $400 million, lithium hydroxide processing plant in Kwinana, Western Australia, due to be completed late 2018. In October 2017, Tianqi gave the go-ahead for the $300 million Stage 2 of the Kwinana plant, with scheduled commissioning in late 2019. The company indicates the plant will have a capacity of 48 kt per annum (ktpa) of battery-grade lithium hydroxide, making the Kwinana plant the world's largest lithium hydroxide producer. Albemarle plans to build its lithium hydroxide plant at Kemerton, 17 km southeast of Bunbury, Western Australia. Initial capacity would be 20 ktpa, with possible staged expansion over 10 years, up to 100 ktpa.
Mount Cattlin: The Mount Cattlin lithium-tantalum mine (hard-rock spodumene) near Ravensthorpe is 100% owned by Galaxy Resources Ltd. The Mount Cattlin ore body is located within flat-lying pegmatites. The deposit recently recommenced production following an earlier period of mining between 2010 and 2012. During the first phase of mining, the Mount Cattlin deposit had a reported JORC Code Mineral Resource (Feb 2011) of 18 188 kt at an average grade of 1.08% Li2O, containing an estimated 197 kt of Li2O. Production at the Mount Cattlin deposit ceased in July 2012, with a year's supply of spodumene feedstock stockpiled. Prior to cessation, Galaxy was producing lithium from the deposit as spodumene feedstock to its wholly-owned lithium carbonate plant in the Jiangsu Province of China. In March 2013, Galaxy signed a three-year agreement with Talison to purchase spodumene feedstock for the Jiangsu plant from Talison, rather than producing it themselves from Mount Cattlin. Until operations were suspended, the Mount Cattlin deposit had mined 616.714 kt of ore grading 1.11% Li2O for 63.863 kt of spodumene grading 6.18% Li2O. In April 2014, Galaxy entered into an agreement, revised in February 2015, for the sale of 100% of the Jiangsu lithium carbonate plant in China to Sichuan Tianqi Lithium Industries Inc.
In 2015, Galaxy Resources entered into an agreement (with a purchase option) with General Mining Corporation Ltd for the latter to take over the operation of Mount Cattlin, with the aim of bringing the deposit back into production. The agreement was modified in early June 2015, with General Mining to supply the resources needed to recommence production at Mount Cattlin by March 2016. General Mining was to earn 50% equity interest and to be sole operator and manager. In May 2016, Galaxy via a successful takeover of its Mount Cattlin joint venture partner General Mining resumed 100% ownership of the project.
Following upgrading, the recommissioned facility was reopened with production recommencing in April 2017. Reported production was approximately 156 kt of lithium concentrate for the 2017 calendar year. In June 2018, the Mount Cattlin deposit had a reported JORC Code Mineral Resource of 11.8 Mt at an average grade of 1.25% Li2O and 174 grams per tonne (g/t) tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5), containing an estimated 148 kt of Li2O, based on a cut-off grade of 0.4% Li2O. These figures include 10.4 Mt in the Measured and Indicated categories.
Mount Marion: The Mount Marion lithium project, 40 km southwest of Kalgoorlie is held by Reed Industrial Minerals (RIM) Pty Ltd. The company is jointly owned by Mineral Resources Ltd (43.1%), Neometals Ltd (13.8%) and Chinese company Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium Co Ltd (43.1%). The Mount Marion deposit consists of a series of shallow-dipping, parallel sheets of spodumene-bearing pegmatites within mafic-ultramafic volcanic rocks. The pegmatite sheets are more than 20 m thick.
Initial mining at Mount Marion commenced in late 2016 with the first shipment of 6% and 4% Li2O concentrates in February 2017. Production rates at that time were targeting 400 ktpa of a mix of 6% and 4% concentrates. Reported export production for the 2017-18 financial year was 209 kt of 6% concentrate and 173 kt of 4% concentrate. Forecast production for the 2018-19 financial year is for approximately 370 kt of 6% concentrate and approximately 70 kt of 4% concentrate. The company is installing additional processing facilities (commenced 2018) targeting nameplate 450 ktpa with all spodumene concentrate produced with a 6% lithium content, by the first quarter of 2019.
As at October 2018, the deposit has total JORC resources of 71.3 Mt at 1.37% Li2O for a contained Li2O resource of approximately 970 kt, based on a cut-off grade of 0.5% Li2O. Indicated Mineral Resources account for 31% of the total JORC resources. Depletion of the resource by mining since the previous resource figures (October 2016) is estimated at 6.9 Mt.
Earl Grey: The Earl Grey deposit (Mount Holland Lithium Project), jointly owned by Kidman Resources Ltd (50%) and Chilean-headquartered Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile (SQM; 50%) is located close to Southern Cross, in Western Australia. In early 2016, Kidman acquired the Mount Holland gold project in the Forrestania Greenstone Belt, initially for gold exploration. In April 2016, Kidman announced the identification of lithium in pegmatites at Mount Holland and the commencement of a technical review investigating the lithium potential. Analysis (May 2016) of available drill core through the pegmatites confirmed the potential. Drill testing commenced in mid-2016 and Kidman announced an initial resource for the Earl Grey deposit in December 2016. The deposit is located within shallow-dipping, spodumene-petalite-bearing pegmatite sills, including beneath the historic Earl Grey gold pit. The resource estimate (March, 2018) for Earl Grey comprises 189 Mt at 1.50% Li2O of which 91% is in the Measured or Indicated categories.
In September 2017, Kidman announced that the company had entered into a 50/50 joint venture with SQM—Western Australia Lithium Pty Ltd (WAL)—to build a mine and concentrator adjacent to the Earl Grey deposit. The joint venture would also investigate the possible development of a refinery for lithium hydroxide and/or lithium carbonate production, using spodumene concentrate from the Earl Grey deposit. In mid-2018, Kidman announced that WAL had options for a site in Kwinana as the location for the planned lithium hydroxide refinery and would be undertaking a definitive feasibility study (DFS). According to WAL, the refinery would be commissioned by 2021 with an initial nameplate capacity of approximately 45 ktpa of lithium hydroxide. A favourable prefeasibility study on the refinery, along with an updated scoping study on the mine and concentrator, was released in October 2018.
Bald Hill: The Bald Hill lithium and tantalum deposit (100% owned by Alliance Mineral Assets Ltd; previously owned equally by Alliance and Tawana Resources NL) is located approximately 105 km southeast of Kalgoorlie. It was initially mined for tantalum with some 820 000 pounds (lb; converts to 372 t) of Ta2O5 produced between 2002 and December 2005 (Haddington Resource Ltd, now Altura Mining). The region was also mined for alluvial tantalum in the 1970s and 1980s.
Alliance announced in late 2016 that spodumene was present in tantalite ore at the pegmatite deposit and commenced metallurgical test work and exploration and resource drilling. A maiden lithium mineral resource was released in mid-2017. Using a cut-off above 0.3% Li2O, the deposit (as of June 2018) has total lithium resources of 26.5 Mt at 1.0% Li2O of which 11.3 Mt at 1.0% Li2O and 160 parts per million (ppm) Ta2O5 are classed as Ore Reserves. Using cut-offs below 0.3% Li2O and above 200 ppm Ta2O5, the deposit also has a tantalum Ore Reserve of 2.0 Mt at 313 ppm Ta2O5. Initial production of lithium and tantalum commenced at Bald Hill in March 2018 with the first shipment of concentrates in May that year. Alliance report production for the 2018 calendar year of approximately 68.5 wet metric tons of spodumene concentrates (6% Li2O) and approximately 95 000 lb (43 t) of Ta2O5. The company is targeting production of 180 kt of spodumene concentrates (6% Li2O) and 330 000 lb (150 t) of Ta2O5 in 2019, increasing to 240 kt and 470 000 lb (213 t), respectively, in 2020.
Wodgina: The Wodgina deposit (100%-owned by Mineral Resources Ltd) is located approximately 110 km south of Port Hedland. It has a long history of production, since discovery in the early 1900's, being mined for tin and, more significantly, as one of the world's largest tantalum deposits. Tantalum was mined for many years until its closure in 2012 by then-owner Global Advanced Metals Pty Ltd (GAM). Tantalum and lithium are both located within a series of mostly flat to shallow-dipping pegmatites. Mineral Resources Limited (Min Res) purchased the Wodgina deposit and tenements and associated infrastructure from GAM in late 2016, with GAM retaining tantalum rights. Following the purchase, Min Res undertook exploration and development, releasing an updated mineral resource in July 2017. Taking advantage of the existing mine and infrastructure, the company commenced lithium mining at Wodgina in March 2017, with first shipment of direct shipping ore (DSO) in April 2017. The company exported some 720 kt DSO in the 2016–17 financial year and 3482 kt DSO in 2017–18.
Min Res announced in June 2018 that it would slow DSO production and exports to concentrate on producing spodumene concentrates. Min Res is currently upgrading its facilities for this purpose (commenced late 2017), with planned annual production of 750 ktpa of 6% Li2O spodumene concentrate. Commissioning is currently expected to be in the first half of 2019. Estimated production for the 2018–19 financial year is 660 kt DSO and 244 kt spodumene concentrate. The company is targeting steady state production of 750 ktpa of spodumene concentrate by mid-2019.
Current resource figures (Oct 2018) for the Wodgina pegmatite are 236.92 Mt at 1.19% Li2O (and 0.016% Ta2O5), based on a 0.50% Li2O cut-off, of which 177.04 Mt at 1.19% Li2O are in the Indicated category. Of these resources, 151.94 Mt at 1.17% Li2O are classified as Probable Reserves. The deposit also has resource figures for the tailings (from previous tantalum production) of 22.27 Mt at 0.96% Li2O (and 0.019% Ta2O5), of which 19.87 Mt at 1.02% Li2O are in the Indicated category.
Min Res is currently undertaking a prefeasibility study into a lithium hydroxide plant. The company is investigating two 28.4 ktpa lithium hydroxide modules, aiming to convert at least 51% of spodumene concentrate from Wodgina. In May 2018, Min Res announced it was looking for partners to take up joint venture of the deposit and infrastructure. The company entered into a non-binding exclusivity agreement signed with USA-company Albemarle Corporation in November 2018 for potential purchase of 50% of the Wodgina Lithium Project and formation of a 50/50 joint venture producing spodumene concentrate (tantalum rights at the deposit would stay with GAM). The joint venture would also jointly fund, design and build a lithium hydroxide plant at Wodgina, with expected final production of 100 ktpa of lithium hydroxide.
Pilgangoora (Pilbara Minerals Ltd): In July 2014, Pilbara Minerals Ltd announced that it had completed acquisition of the Pilgangoora tantalum-lithium project, 150 km southeast of Port Hedland, from Global Advanced Metals Wodgina Pty Ltd. The project is centred on a swarm of Archean pegmatite dykes (Pilgangoora pegmatite field) in the Pilbara region and is along strike from Altura Mining's Pilgangoora lithium project. Mineralised zones within the pegmatites contain spodumene and the lithium-bearing mica lepidolite, as well as tantalum- and tin-bearing minerals.
Pilbara Minerals announced an increase in resources (Sept 2018) to 226 Mt at 1.27% Li2O and 116 ppm Ta2O5, for a contained 2.87 Mt of Li2O, (including 1.76 Mt in the Measured and Indicated categories). These figures include both Pilgangoora and Lynas Find deposits. Previously, the Ore Reserve (Sept 2017) had increased significantly to 108.2 Mt at 1.25% Li2O and 120 ppm Ta2O5 for a contained 1.36 Mt of Li2O, of which 22.1 Mt at 1.30% Li2O and 135 ppm Ta2O5 were in the Proved category.
Pilbara Minerals completed Stage 1 of a 2 Mtpa DFS in September 2016. Construction of Stage 1 was completed in mid-2017, with first production of spodumene and tantalite concentrates in mid-2018. Stage 1 was designed to achieve an annual production rate of 330 ktpa of 6% Li2O spodumene concentrate and approximately 300 000 lb (136 t) of tantalite concentrate, with full capacity expected to be realised in early 2019. Pilbara Minerals followed up on Stage 1 with a feasibility study for a Stage 2 expansion that would increase processing capacity to 5 Mtpa, and allow it to produce up to 850 ktpa of 6% Li2O spodumene (and up to a 1 000 1000 lb of Ta2O5 per annum). The positive DFS was released in August 2018 with results indicating that Pilgangoora would have an estimated 17-year mine life.
The mine officially opened in November 2018. Pilbara Minerals has been producing DSO from early 2018 as part of a mine-gate sales agreement with Atlas Iron Ltd. Atlas made their first shipment of Pilgangoora lithium DSO in June 2018. By mid-2018, Pilbara Minerals had produced their first spodumene and tantalum concentrates, with their first shipment (approximately 8.8 kt of 6% Li2O spodumene concentrate) in October 2018. According to company figures, Pilbara Minerals had produced some 28 kt of 6% Li2O spodumene concentrate by early November 2018.
As part of Stage 2 off-take agreements, Pilbara Minerals, through their agreement with the South Korean industrial company POSCO (listed on the Korean Stock Exchange), has the opportunity to participate in a joint venture (30%) for a downstream (30 ktpa) lithium carbonate/lithium hydroxide plant in South Korea.
Pilgangoora also produces a tantalum by-product (June 2017 Ore Reserve of 22 000 000 lb of Ta2O5). Initial offtake of the tantalum concentrate (100 000 lb of contained Ta2O5 as 4-5% concentrates) has been secured (in part) by Global Advanced Metals Pty Ltd. Pilbara reports that additional tantalite concentrate is expected to be sold as 25-30% Ta2O5 final concentrate, as production capacity increases. Pilbara Minerals also holds lithium tenements in the Mount Francisco and Lynas Find regions in the Pilbara.
Pilgangoora (Altura Mining Ltd): The Altura Lithium Project at Pilgangoora, 90 km south of Port Hedland in the Pilbara region of Western Australia is wholly owned by Altura Mining Ltd. Mineralisation at Pilgangoora comprises 15 outcropping-to-shallow, spodumene-bearing pegmatites. The Altura Pilgangoora Mineral Resource (as of May 2018) was 50.5 Mt at 1.01% Li2O, for a contained 512 kt of Li2O. This resource includes 38 Mt and 8.7 Mt in Indicated and Measured categories, respectively. Ore Reserve estimates (May 2018) were 41.4 Mt at 1.05% Li2O for 432 kt of contained Li2O (including 8.3 Mt in the Proved category).
Following positive scoping studies, Altura undertook a DFS, completed in September 2016, which confirmed the viability of the project. Construction of Stage 1 commenced in March 2017 with mining starting in May that year. Production of lithium concentrate commenced July 2018 and the mine was officially opened September 2018. In October 2018, Altura completed its first shipment of approximately 5 kt of spodumene concentrate (>6% Li2O) and by December 2018 it had shipped 24 kt. The mine has a Stage 1 production capacity of 220 ktpa of spodumene concentrate and the company plans to dispatch two shipments per month once nameplate capacity is achieved. In April 2018, Altura completed a positive DFS on a potential Stage 2 expansion to approximately 440 ktpa, with a final investment decision yet to be made. The Stage 2 DFS indicated an estimated mine life of 13 years.
Finniss project: The Finniss Lithium Project, approximately 15 km south of Darwin, is 100% owned by Core Lithium Ltd (previously Core Exploration). The project area is within the Bynoe pegmatite field, a belt of more than 100 pegmatites previously mined for tin and tantalum. As documented by Core, initial exploration in this region for lithium was hampered by lack of surface expression and the extent of mineralisation was not realised until deeper drilling was undertaken in 2016.
The pegmatite field comprises a number of prospects. Core released a maiden resource for the Grants prospect in May 2017 with Indicated Resources of 492 kt at 1.5% Li2O and Inferred Resources of 1312 kt at 1.5% Li2O. In January 2019, Core released updated resource figures for the Grants, BP33, Sandras, Carlton and Hang Gong deposits, with a total resource of 8.55 Mt at 1.44% Li2O of which 2.54 Mt are in the Indicated or Measured categories. More than one third of the total resource is contained within the Grants deposit; 2.89 Mt at 1.48% Li2O, of which 1.91 Mt is Measured or Indicated.
A positive prefeasibility study was completed in June 2018, centred on production from the Grants deposit. Key outputs included an initial mine life of 26 months, producing 400 kt of spodumene concentrate, with a payback period of 12 months. Core is presently focussed on developing the Finniss project with construction suggested to commence in mid to late 2019 and production shortly after. The company is presently undertaking a DFS, due for completion in early to mid-2019. Core was granted a Mineral Lease in late 2018.
Bibliographical reference: Champion, D., 2019. Australian Resource Reviews: Lithium 2018. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/9781925848281
1. http://www.ga.gov.au/corporate_data/76454/Rec2013_039.pdf
2. ga.gov.au/AIMR
3. http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Documents/About-Us-Careers/AboutUs-StatisticsDigest_2016-17.pdf
5 https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/index.html#mcs
6 Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2016-17 Figure 58.
Australia's Identified Minerals Resources
Critical commodities for a high‑tech world
Critical commodities in Australia - An assessment of extraction potential from ores
Platinum-group elements in Australia: Geological setting, mineral systems, and potential
Australia's Energy and Mineral Resources – Investor Guide 2020
Australian Mineral Exploration Review
Operating Mines Map
AUSGIN Australian Geoscience Information Network
Australian Energy Resource Assessment
Australia Minerals
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text:
Contributor biographical information for Fundamentals of biochemistry : life at the molecular level / Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt.
Biographical text provided by the publisher (may be incomplete or contain other coding). The Library of Congress makes no claims as to the accuracy of the information provided, and will not maintain or otherwise edit/update the information supplied by the publisher.
d104>Donald Voet received a B.S. in Chemistry from the California Institute of Technology, a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Harvard University with William Lipscomb, and did postdoctoral research in the Biology Department at MIT with Alexander Rich. Upon completion of his postdoctoral research, Don took up a faculty position in the Chemistry Department at the University of Pennsylvania where, for the past 38 years, he has taught a variety of Biochemistry courses as well as general Chemistry. His major area of research is the X-ray crystallography of molecules of biological interest. He has been a visiting scholar at Oxford University, The University of California at San Diego, and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Together with Judith G. Voet, he is Co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education. He is a member of the Education Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. His hobbies include backpacking, scuba diving, skiing, travel, photography, and writing Biochemistry textbooks.
Judith ("Judy") Voet received her B.S. in Chemistry from Antioch College and her Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Brandeis University with Robert H. Abeles. She has done postdoctoral research at the University of Pennsylvania, Haverford College, and the Fox Chase Cancer Center. Her main area of research involves enzyme reaction mechanisms and inhibition. She taught Biochemistry at the University of Delaware before moving to Swarthmore College. She taught there for 26 years, reaching the position of James H. Hammons Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry before going on "permanent sabbatical leave." She has been a visiting scholar at Oxford University, University of California, San Diego, University of Pennsylvania, and the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. She is Co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education. She has been a member of the Education and Professional Development Committee of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology as well as the Education Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Her hobbies include hiking, backpacking, scuba diving, and tap dancing.
Charlotte Pratt received her B.S. in Biology from the University of Notre Dame and her Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Duke University under the direction of Salvatore Pizzo. Although she originally intended to be a marine biologist, she discovered that Biochemistry offered the most compelling answers to many questions about biological structure-function relationships and the molecular basis for human health and disease. She conducted postdoctoral researching the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has taught at the University of Washington and currently teaches at Seattle Pacific University. In addition to working as an editor of several Biochemistry textbooks, she has co-authored Essential Biochemistry and previous editions of Fundamentals of Biochemistry.
Biochemistry -- Textbooks.