text:
\section{Truncated Wigner Approximation}
\label{sec:phase-space-methods}

Perhaps the best known phase space representation is based on the
Wigner-Weyl quantization~\cite{Hillery1984, Polkovnikov2010a}, where
the Weyl symbol of an operator is represented through the partial
Fourier transform. In the coherent state representation corresponding
to second-quantized language one defines \begin{equation}
\label{eq:11}
\Omega_W(\vec \alpha) = \int {d \vec \eta d\vec \eta^\ast\over 2}
\langle \vec \alpha - \vec \eta/2 | \hat \Omega | \vec \alpha + \vec
\eta/2 \rangle \mathrm e^{(\vec\eta^* \vec\alpha - \vec \eta \vec
  \alpha^*)/2}. \end{equation} The Wigner function is simply the Weyl transform
of the density matrix. There are other equivalent representations of
the operators~\cite{gardiner-zoller, walls-milburn}, for example,
P-representation or Q-representation (also known as the Husimi
representation). For our purposes it is not essential which of these
representations is used but we will refer to Wigner-Weyl
quantization to be specific. Within phase space methods one can
describe expectation values of arbitrary operators as a standard
average, where the Wigner function $W(\alpha,\alpha^\ast)$ plays the
role analogous to the classical probability distribution: \begin{equation} \langle
\Omega\rangle=\int d\vec\alpha d\vec\alpha^\ast
W(\vec\alpha,\vec\alpha^\ast) \Omega_W(\vec\alpha,\vec\alpha^\ast).
\end{equation}

The equation of motion for the Wigner function
reads~\cite{Polkovnikov2010a} \begin{equation} i\dot W =2 W\sin\left(\Lambda_c\over
  2\right) H_W, \end{equation} where
\begin{align}
  \label{sym}
  \Lambda_c=\sum_j
\frac{\overleftarrow \partial}{\partial \alpha_j} \frac{\overrightarrow\partial}{\partial \alpha_j^\ast}-
\frac{\overleftarrow \partial}{\partial \alpha_j^\ast}
\frac{\overrightarrow \partial}{\partial \alpha_j}
\end{align}
is the
so-called symplectic operator and $H_W$ is the Weyl symbol of the
Hamiltonian. In general this partial-differential equation is hard to
solve. However, it becomes simple if one can expand the $\sin$
function to leading order in $\Lambda_c$: \begin{equation} i\dot W\approx W
\Lambda_c H_W.  \end{equation} In this limit the right-hand side becomes just the
Poisson bracket of the Wigner function and the Hamiltonian. Therefore
the resulting equation is identical to the classical Liouville
equation for the probability distribution. We note that the factor of
$i$ comes from using the coherent state Poisson brackets (see
Ref.~\cite{Polkovnikov2010a} for details). In turn this Liouville
equation locally conserves the probability along the classical
trajectories described by the corresponding equations of motion
\begin{align}
  \label{conclass}
  i\dot \alpha_{cl\,j}=\frac{\partial H_W}{\partial \alpha_{cl\,j}^\ast},
\end{align}
in this case the
Gross-Pitaevskii equations. The Wigner function simply describes the
distribution of initial conditions. This linearization of the
equations of motion (known as the truncated Wigner approximation
(TWA)~\cite{Steel1998}) can be justified near the classical limit,
where $\Lambda_c$ is small. For coherent states it is proportional to
$1/N$, where $N$ is the occupation of modes; in the
coordinate-momentum representation $\Lambda$ is explicitly
proportional to $\hbar$; and, for spin systems $\Lambda$ is inversely
proportional to the spin $S$. TWA also becomes exact for harmonic
systems, where the Hamiltonian $H_W$ does not contain terms higher
than quadratic in phase space variables. Indeed, in this case all terms
containing $\Lambda_c^3$ and higher will vanish because they contain
at least three derivatives.

\section{$SU(N)$ TWA}
\label{sec:sun-twa}

For a more detailed account of using specifically $SU(2)$ Schwinger
bosons in TWA,
see~\cite{Polkovnikov2010a} Section 3.3.

We can write operators with $SU(N)$ algebra using $N$ boson operator
pairs and the $N$ dimension matrix representation of the operators
$T^{ij}_\alpha$:
\begin{align}
  \label{genrep}
  \hat X_\alpha=\hat a^\dagger_i T_\alpha^{ij} \hat a_j.
\end{align}
We define the classical $SU(N)$ variables as the Wigner-Weyl transform
of the $SU(N)$ operators (recall the matrices are traceless):
\begin{align}
  \label{classgenrep}
  X_\alpha= \alpha^*_i T_\alpha^{ij} \alpha_j.
\end{align}
Using this as a definition, we can rewrite the symplectic operator
\eqref{sym} in
terms of the classical $SU(N)$ variables:
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:3}
  \Lambda_c = \frac{\overleftarrow \partial}{\partial X_\alpha} i
  f_{\alpha \beta \gamma} X_\gamma
  \frac{\overrightarrow \partial}{\partial X_\beta}.
\end{align}
In TWA, the dynamics are approximated to follow classical
trajectories, so the classical $SU(N)$ variables, as functions of the
classical canonical variables, simply follow the path determined by
Hamilton's equation:
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:6}
  \frac{\partial}{\partial t} X^{cl}_\alpha &= i H_W \Lambda_c X^{cl}_\alpha\\
  &= f_{\alpha \beta \gamma} \frac{\partial H_W}{\partial
    X^{cl}_\beta}X^{cl}_\gamma ,
\end{align}
where we have also rewritten $H_W$ in terms of classical $SU(N)$
variables.  We can see how this follows directly from the classical
equations of motion for the canonical variables; if we multiply
equation \eqref{conclass} by $\alpha^*_i T_\alpha^{ij}$, and the
complex conjugate equation by $T_\alpha^{ji}\alpha_i$ (where the $\alpha$ represent classical paths), their
addition yields the time dependency of the $SU(N)$ variables:
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:16}
  \frac{\partial}{\partial t} X^{cl}_\alpha &= \alpha^*_i
  T_\alpha^{ij}\frac{\partial \alpha_j}{\partial t} + \frac{\partial
    \alpha_i^*}{\partial t}
  T_\alpha^{ij}\alpha_j \\
  &= -i \alpha^*_i T_\alpha^{ij}\frac{\partial
    H_W}{\partial \alpha_j^\ast} + i
  \frac{\partial H_W}{\partial \alpha_i}  T_\alpha^{ij}\alpha_j.
\end{align}
Taking the derivative of equation \eqref{classgenrep} to get
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:17}
  \frac{\partial}{\partial \alpha_j} = \alpha^*_i T_\alpha^{ij}\frac{\partial}{\partial X^{cl}_\alpha},
\end{align}
we get
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:18}
  \frac{\partial}{\partial t} X^{cl}_\alpha &=-i \alpha^*_i  T_\alpha^{ij}T_\beta^{jk}\alpha_k\frac{\partial
    H_W}{\partial X_\beta} + i
  \frac{\partial H_W}{\partial  X_\beta}\alpha^*_k T_\beta^{ki}
  T_\alpha^{ij}\alpha_j\\
  &=-i \alpha^*_i\left[T_\alpha,T_\beta\right]^{ij}\alpha_j
  \frac{\partial H_W}{\partial  X^{cl}_\beta} \\
  &= f_{\alpha \beta \gamma} X^{cl}_\gamma  \frac{\partial H_W}{\partial  X^{cl}_\beta}.
\end{align}

\section{$SU(3)$ Schwinger Bosons }
\label{sec:su3-schwinger-bosons}

We use a fundamental representation of $SU(3)$ with the following
basis matrices (similar to \cite{Kiselev2013}):

\begin{gather}
  T_1 = \left(
    \begin{array}{ccc}
      0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\
      \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\
      0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\
    \end{array}
  \right),T_2=\left(
    \begin{array}{ccc}
      0 & -\frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\
      \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & -\frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} \\
      0 & \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\
    \end{array}
  \right),\\
  T_3=\left(
    \begin{array}{ccc}
      1 & 0 & 0 \\
      0 & 0 & 0 \\
      0 & 0 & -1 \\
    \end{array}
  \right),T_4=\left(
    \begin{array}{ccc}
      0 & 0 & 1 \\
      0 & 0 & 0 \\
      1 & 0 & 0 \\
    \end{array}
  \right),\\
  T_5=\left(
    \begin{array}{ccc}
      0 & 0 & -i \\
      0 & 0 & 0 \\
      i & 0 & 0 \\
    \end{array}
  \right),T_6=\left(
    \begin{array}{ccc}
      0 & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\
      -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\
      0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\
    \end{array}
  \right),\\
  T_7=\left(
    \begin{array}{ccc}
      0 & \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\
      -\frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & -\frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} \\
      0 & \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\
    \end{array}
  \right),T_8=\left(
    \begin{array}{ccc}
      -\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 & 0 \\
      0 & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 \\
      0 & 0 & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \\
    \end{array}
  \right).
\end{gather}
Note that these are normalized for spin-one, such that
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:2}
  \tr(T_iT_j)=2\delta_{ij}.
\end{align}

The non-zero structure constants are
\begin{gather}
  \label{eq:5}
  f_{123}=f_{147}=f_{165}=f_{246}=f_{257}=f_{367}=1,\\
  f_{178}=f_{286}=\sqrt{3},\\
  f_{345}=2,
\end{gather}
where the rest can be determined by permuting the indices (they are
ant-symmetric under permutations).

The non-zero symmetric structure constants are
\begin{gather}
  \label{eq:5}
  d_{114}=d_{125}=d_{477}=1,\\
  d_{136}=d_{224}=d_{237}=d_{466}=d_{567}=-1,\\
  d_{118}=d_{228}=d_{668}=d_{778}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}},\\
  d_{338}=d_{448}=d_{558}=d_{888}=-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}},
\end{gather}
where the rest can be determined by permuting the indices (they are
symmetric under permutations).

Since the first three matrices have the algebra of $SU(2)$, they can
be used to construct Schwinger bosons that can represent any magnitude
of spin. We have the mapping
\begin{gather}
  T_1 =  \hat S_x\\
  T_2 = \hat S_y\\
  T_3 = \hat S_z.
\end{gather}

For the special case of spin-one, we can construct any operator with all
the appropriate algebra as a linear combination of the eight $SU(3)$
matrices. The generators themselves are related to spin-one operators as
follows:
\begin{gather}
  T_4 =  (S_x)^2- (S_y)^2\\
  T_5 = [S_x,S_y]_+\\
  T_6 = [S_x,S_z]_+\\
  T_7 = [S_y,S_z]_+\\
  T_8 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left((S_x)^2+ (S_y)^2-2 (S_z)^2\right),
\end{gather}
where the hats have been left off the spins to emphasize that these
equalities are only true for the spin-one spin matrices, not the spin
operators in general.

For example, we can represent the squares of the spins as
\begin{gather}
  (S_x)^2 = \frac{1}{3}(2 \mathbb{1} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} T_8)+\frac{1}{2}T_4\\
  (S_y)^2 = \frac{1}{3}(2 \mathbb{1} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} T_8)-\frac{1}{2}T_4\\
  (S_z)^2 = \frac{1}{3}(2 \mathbb{1} - \sqrt{3} T_8).
\end{gather}

\section{Gaussian approximate Wigner functions}
\label{sec:gauss-appr-wign}

Using Gaussian distributions instead of the exact Wigner functions does
not necessarily worsen the approximation, since the difference between
the exact Wigner function and the appropriately chosen Gaussian
distribution approximation is of the same order in $1/S$ as the
corrections to the TWA dynamics. Formally one can understand this by
requiring that expectation values of the spin variables $\hat
X_1,\dots \hat X_8$ and their variances agree with those given by the
Gaussian up to order $1/S^2$, where $S$ is the spin size
(proportional to the conserved Casimir operator as we discuss
next). The Gaussian distribution has a clear advantage in that it is
always positive and thus easy to handle. Numerically we found that the
accuracy of TWA with the Gaussian distribution is consistently better
than that of the TWA with the exact Wigner function.

Note that the initial states we choose are all product states, so the Wigner
functions are simply a product of single site Wigner
functions. We do this for simplicity; the initial Wigner function can
also represent an entangled initial state.

In the Gaussian approximation, then, the expectation value for an
operator $\hat \Omega$ will be
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:10}
  \braket{\hat \Omega} \approx \int \prod_m\prod_k dX_k^m \frac{e^{-(R_{kl}
      X_l^m-\mu_k)^2/2 \sigma_k^2}}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma_k} \Omega_W,
\end{align}
where $m$ runs over the number of sites and $k$ over the eight $SU(3)$ variables.

The expectation values of the means and symmetrized correlation
functions, which we require to exactly match those in the initial
state, are given on each site by
\begin{gather}
  \label{eq:4}
  \tr(\hat \rho_0 \hat T_i) = \int \prod_k dX_k \frac{e^{-(R_{kl}
      X_l-\mu_k)^2/2 \sigma_k^2}}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma_k} X_i
\end{gather}
and
\begin{multline}
  \label{eq:4}
  \tr(\hat \rho_0 \frac{1}{2}(\hat T_i \hat T_j + \hat T_j \hat T_i)) =\\
  \int \prod_k dX_k \frac{e^{-(R_{kl} X_l-\mu_k)^2/2
      \sigma_k^2}}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma_k} X_i X_j,
\end{multline}
where $R,\mu$ and $\sigma$ are free parameters of the Gaussian, which
we determine from the initial conditions.

For example, for $\rho_0=\ket{\hat S_x=1}\bra{\hat S_x=1}$, we rotate
with
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:8}
  R=
  \begin{pmatrix}
    0 & 0 & 0 & -\frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \\
    0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 \\
    0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{2} \\
    0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 \\
    0 & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
    1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
  \end{pmatrix}
\end{align}
and have Gaussians determined by
\begin{gather}
  \label{eq:9}
  \mu =
  \begin{pmatrix}
    0\\
    0\\
    0\\
    0\\
    \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\\
    0\\
    0\\
    1
  \end{pmatrix}
  \quad \sigma=
  \begin{pmatrix}
    1\\
    1\\
    1\\
    1\\
    0\\
    0\\
    0\\
    0
  \end{pmatrix}.
\end{gather}

Note that alternatively one can write the multivariate Gaussian
distribution in a more conventional form
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:7}
  f(X_1,\dots,X_8)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{(2
      \pi)^8|\Sigma|}}e^{-(X_i-\mu_i)\Sigma^{-1}_{ij}(X_j-\mu_j)}.
\end{align}
Here the vector $\mu_j$ is the vector of means and $\Sigma$ is the
covariance matrix.

\section{Casimir operators}
\label{sec:casimir-operators}

The conservation of the classical form of the two Casimir operators is
made plain when they are written in terms of the conjugate variables:
\begin{gather}
  \label{eq:1}
  C_1=\sum_{\alpha=1}^b X_\alpha^2=\frac{4}{3}\left(|\alpha_1|^2+|\alpha_2|^2+|\alpha_3|^2\right)^2, \\
  C_2=\sum_{\alpha\beta\gamma} d_{\alpha\beta\gamma} X_\alpha X_\beta
  X_\gamma=\frac{16}{9}\left(|\alpha_1|^2+|\alpha_2|^2+|\alpha_3|^2\right)^3.
\end{gather}
The conservation of the Casimir operators is assured by conservation
of the total number of Schwinger bosons; conservation of total number
of Schwinger bosons is guaranteed by the global $U(1)$ symmetry of the
Hamiltonian $\alpha_i \rightarrow \alpha_i e^{i \theta}$ which is
imposed by only including conjugate variables as they are combined in
$SU(3)$ operators. Note that the Casimir operators become larger as we
approach the classical limit so the inverse of say $C_1$ determines
the strength of quantum fluctuations in the system.

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Reinvigorating Growth in Developing Countries : Lessons from Adjustment Policies in Eight Economies
Kalpana Kochhar, Erik Offerdal, Louis Dicks-Mireaux, Mauro Mecagni, Jianping Zhou, Balázs Horváth, David Goldsbrough, and Sharmini Coorey
This study examines the links between adjustment policies and growth in a small group of developing countries- Bangladesh, Chile, Ghana, India, Mexico, Morocco, Senegal, and Thailand - during 1970 -93. It provides an overview of the adjustment and growth experience, examines in depth several policy issues of particular interest, and distills the principal policy lessons for the design of adjustment policies.
Reinvigorating Growth in Developing Countries
I Introduction and Summary: Issues in Adjustment and Growth
II Overview of Adjustment
III Cross-Country Evidence on Factors Influencing Growth
IV Role of Macroeconomic Policies
V Private Investment
VI Saving
VII Role of External Financing
VIII Structural Reforms
IX Role of Labor Markets
X Conclusions and Lessons for Program Design
Factors Affecting the Lagged Response of Private Investment
Determinants of Investment and the Role of Public Policies
How Can Policies Accelerate the Response of Private Investment?
Change in Investment Rates: Program Targets and Outcomes
The cross-country evidence discussed in Section III confirmed that the absence of a stable environment for economic decision making is an important impediment to private investment. Yet progress toward macroeconomic stability has sometimes proved insufficient to generate a rapid recovery of investment. Lags, at times long and protracted, in the response of private investment have raised concerns on possible links between the design of adjustment policies and the duration of these lags. The rate of domestic saving may also have influenced the pace of the recovery in investment, especially when access to international capital markets was limited.35
The experience of the eight countries reveals marked differences in the response of private investment to adjustment policies—in terms of the steepness of the initial decline, whether there was an identifiable period of "pause" before recovery began,36 and the magnitude of the observed recovery (see Table 4 and Chart 7). The record of falling private investment rates in the early years of adjustment ranged from a precipitous drop in Chile during the 1982-83 crisis (following an unsustainable boom fueled by expectations of a devaluation) to smaller, but still substantial, declines observed in India, Mexico, Morocco, and Thailand. Comparison of program targets with actual outcomes suggests that, on average, targets under IMF-supported programs for the eight countries were generally too sanguine about the prospects for an early rebound in private investment (Box 2).
A marked investment pause—lasting three to four years—occurred in two countries: Mexico during the first adjustment period and Morocco in 1985-88. In Ghana, private investment rose when the Economic Recovery Program was introduced, although the initial rebound suffered a brief hiccup in 1986. Private investment in Bangladesh and Senegal was persistently flat with minor fluctuations around low rates in the range of 5 percent to 10 percent of GDP. For these two countries, the record points to a protracted stagnation, rather than a simple postadjustment pause of investment, suggesting that structural impediments were especially important (see Section VIII).37
As for the strength of the subsequent recovery, when it existed three groups can be identified: (1) a weak, uneven recovery in Ghana and Morocco; (2) a delayed, but significant recovery in Mexico to investment rates around 15 percent of GDP; and (3) a stronger, more rapid recovery to investment rates in excess of 20 percent of GDP (in Chile) or 30 percent of GDP (in Thailand).
With this background, three questions are addressed in this section. First, does the gradual response of investment observed in many of the countries come as a surprise or should a lag be expected on the basis of rational economic behavior? Second, what is the empirical evidence on the role of public policies in influencing the observed pattern of private investment? Third, how can the lag in the investment response be minimized and the recovery accelerated?
In general, a certain lag in the response of private investment during or after a period of adjustment should be expected based on the theory of investment behavior. Such a lag could reflect the rational response of private investors to adjustment costs or to uncertainty about the permanence of changes in macroeconomic and structural policies, as well as the more conventional effects stemming from demand management policies.
The considerations emerging from investment studies (Box 3) suggest that the perceived credibility of public policies is important in orienting private investors' decisions. Indeed, if investors perceive that relative prices are highly uncertain, and policy measures poorly coordinated or likely to be reversed, they may delay committing resources until a more positive assessment is possible. Also, since firms have incomplete information and may in practice gauge investment prospects partly by observing competitors' and partners' behavior, the economy may get locked into a low-investment and low-growth equilibrium if a sufficient number of firms postpone investment. In contrast, policies perceived as consistent and unlikely to be reversed may turn expectations around and induce a positive response of private investors, thereby reducing the costs of adjustment.
Box 2.Investment: Program Targets and Outcomes
IMF-supported programs for the eight countries have, on average, experienced only small shortfalls between targeted and actual investment rates, with most of the shortfall occurring in the early program years.1 However, targets for private investment in the initial program year appear on average to have been too optimistic.
In the initial program year, the ratio of total investment to GDP was targeted, on average, to rise slightly, whereas the actual outcome was a small decline; the average shortfall was 0.4 percentage point of GDP (see chart). The shortfall for private investment was almost 1 percentage point of GDP. On average, programs targeted a pickup in private investment in the initial year, whereas actual investment changed little, suggesting that programs for the eight countries typically took insufficient account of the tendency for private investment to respond to adjustment with a lag. The shortfall was partly offset by public investment, which declined by less than targeted.2 Differences between targets and actuals for the second and third program years were generally smaller, with the main shortfalls occurring in public investment.
Source: IMF staff estimates.
1 The sample covers initial targets in programs supported by stand-by arrangements under the upper credit tranches, the structural adjustment facility, and the enhanced structural adjustment facility. In contrast, for the 36 countries covered in the last review of IMF conditionality (Schadler and others (1995)) there was, on average, no shortfall in investment for programs covered by that review.2 Since not all programs contain a breakdown between targets for public and private investment, differences in sample coverage mean the components do not add up to the total.
In order to examine the relative importance of these effects in the eight countries, econometric estimates of the determinants of investment combined traditional neoclassical influences with factors specific to developing countries and indicators of uncertainty and macrostability.38 The results are summarized in Table 8 and presented in more detail in Appendix IV. The impact of individual factors on the decline, pause, or recovery of private investment varies. Table 9 provides a summary of the salient influences behind major investment episodes in each country, drawing upon both the econometric and other evidence in the country case studies. Several broad conclusions emerge.
Table 8.Selected Factors Influencing Private Investment1
Explanatory Variables:
Financial variables
Measures of uncertainty/ macroeconomic instability
Sample Period
Endogenous Variable: Share of Investment in GDP
Aggregate activity (Lagged growth of real GDP)
Real interest rate/ relative price
Real growth Of credit to private sector
Public Investment (Share in GDP)
Inflation rate/parallel market premium/ real effective exchange rate
External debt/debt service
Sample volatility measures (or other)
External shocks
Bangladesh 1979/80-1993/94 Private, constant prices NS −−− + NS −−− −−−
Chile 1975–93 Nongovernment, constant prices +++ −−− NS −−− NS −−− NS NS
Ghana 1971–93 Private, current prices +++ −− NS −−− −−− NS NS ++
India 1973/74-1993/94 Private, constant prices +++2 _ + −−− −−−
Mexico 1972–93 Private, current prices +++ − ++ −−− NS NS − NS
1981–93 Private, constant prices ++ −−− ++ − −−− NS
Morocco 1972–93 Private, constant prices + −− + +++ −−− NS NS ++3−4
Senegal 1978–93 Nongovernment, constant prices + NS NS −− −−− −−− −5 Š
Thailand 1970–93 Private, constant prices +++6 − Š −−− −−− NS NS NS
Source: Appendix IV, Table 18.
1 Sign of the estimated coefficient: +,– = not statistically significant at 5 percent level, but significant at a marginally higher level; ++,–– = statistically significant at 5 percent; +++,––– = statistically significant at 1 percent; NS indicates not statistically significant and not retained in final preferred specification; blank cells indicate variables omitted in individual countries.
2 Lagged growth in industrial production.
3 Export price shock (in percent of GDP).
4 Import price shock (in percent of GDP).
5 Government domestic borrowing requirement including involuntary accumulation of arrears (in percent of GDP).
6 Real GDP growth in partner countries.
Table 9.Summary of Main Factors Explaining Major Episodes of Private Investment Performance1
Investment Performance (Corresponding period)
Main Reasons
Bangladesh Prolonged stagnation and weak recovery (1980–93) Weak financial sector and large nonperforming loans leading to high interest rate spreads
Administrative and regulatory impediments
Macroeconomic policy uncertainty in early 1980s
Chile2 Sharp decline (1981–83) Severe recession associated with financial crisis and external shocks
Weak financial sector balance sheets
Strong recovery (1983–93) Sustained recovery in economic activity
Substantial improvements in external debt-service profile
Successful structural reforms
Ghana Uneven, weak recovery (1983–91) Persistent macroeconomic policy uncertainty
Crowding-out effects of public investment
India Overall flat trend followed by decline (1990/91–1992/93) Cost and availability of credit
Crowding-out effects of public investment prior to 1990/91
Slowdown of industrial production beginning in 1990/91
Uncertainty associated with greater volatility of inflation beginning in 1990/91
Continued regulatory impediments despite substantial reform
Mexico Decline (1981–83) Recession associated with financial crisis and external shocks
Severe erosion of private sector confidence in public policies
Sharp contraction of credit to the private sector
Pause (1983–87) Persistent macroeconomic instability (high inflation)
Stagnating economic activity
Uncertainty due to unresolved external debt situation and weak private sector confidence
Moderate recovery (1987–93) Progress in macroeconomic stability and disinflation
Progress in private sector access to bank credit through financial reform
Confidence effects from resolution of external debt problem (acting through interest rates, although these remained high for part of the period)
Morocco Decline (1982–85) Reduction of complementary public investment
Rising real interest rates and higher cost of imported capital goods
Pause (1985–88) and weak, uneven recovery (1989–93) Reduction of complementary public investment Rising real interest rates
Slow growth of economic activity (supply shocks)
Higher costs of imported capital goods
Senegal2 Flat trend Weak external competitiveness
Rising external debt in early 1980s
Persistence of structural distortions
Thailand Strong recovery (1986–93) Decline in relative unit labor costs: and strong demand in partner countries
Macroeconomic stability
Pro-business orientation of policies
1 Based on econometric estimates and additional evidence from country case studies.
2 Nongovernment investment.
Box 3.What Does the Literature Say About Lags in Investment?
Studies of private investment behavior emphasize two complementary factors—the existence of costs to adjusting the capital stock and the role of uncertainty and irreversibility—in order to explain the lagged response of investment to changes in policies and incentives. These factors suggest caution in assuming a strong response of private capital formation in the early stages of an adjustment program.
If costs related to the purchase and installation of capital increase with the investment rate, they create incentives for a gradual transition from actual to desired levels of capital.1 However, these costs can be influenced by policies. In particular, the transition period may be unduly protracted by credit-rationing constraints and structural problems of financial intermediaries; by the large weight of the public sector, often hampering private initiative with distortions and regulations; or by constraints on access to foreign exchange or financing for imported capital goods.
The timing of private investment decisions may also be affected by uncertainty and irreversibility effects.2 An increase in uncertainty causes risk-averse firms to reallocate resources away from risky activities, thereby lowering the desired stock of capital.3 Also, if the outcomes of irreversible investments turn out to be worse than expected, risk-neutral investors may get stuck with low returns, whereas if prospects improve new entrants may compete away part of the gains. Consequently, downside risk may increase without corresponding upside gain, so that waiting may have value as it gives firms the opportunity to process new information before committing resources.4 The role of these factors however is hard to test empirically because the available indicators—such as measures of volatility of inflation or other relevant variables—may only partially capture the impact of policy uncertainty.
1 Costs related to the purchase, delivery, and installation of new capital goods play a central role in the dynamic response of investment in both the neoclassical theory and in Tobin's q theory of investment.2 Irreversibility arises from sunk costs related to firm-specific investment and the large discount in valuing secondhand equipment.3 Inflation uncertainty may also lower investment by obscuring price signals, and credit rationing may intensify as uncertainty increases.4 See Dixit (1992)), Dixit and Pindyck (1994), and Pindyck (1991).
Effects from lagged economic activity played an important role in most countries except Bangladesh. In Chile, Ghana, India, Mexico, and Thailand39 these effects were strongly significant, less so in Morocco and Senegal. This implies that any contractionary effects of adjustment policies on output would have a short-run impact on private investment. However, this variable may also act as a channel of transmission for confidence effects and private sector expectations, which can be influenced, for instance, by protracted financial imbalances and measures affecting perceptions of the pro-business orientation of policies. Such influences appear to have been especially important in Mexico and Chile prior to and during the debt crisis.
High real interest rates and constraints on the growth of credit to the private sector contributed in several instances to a decline or slowed the recovery of investment (Bangladesh, India, Mexico, and Thailand).40 As discussed in the preceding section, both the effects of the mix of monetary and fiscal policies, as well as the impact of structural problems in the financial sector, were contributing factors in several cases.41 The results suggest that greater efforts to improve competition and efficiency of financial intermediaries and to ensure an adequate flow of credit to the private sector could have yielded a stronger investment response. There were, however, episodes where sharply increasing real rates did not prevent investment from rising. For example, in Chile the private sector spending spree on imported consumption and investment goods prior to the 1982 crisis occurred in the context of a sharp rise in real lending rates.42
Uncertainty and macroeconomic instability—captured by a variety of indicators in individual country estimates—exerted adverse and strongly significant effects on private capital formation. These factors appear to have been especially important in Mexico, where persistent, high inflation was an important deterrent to real private investment during the 1983-87 pause; in Ghana, where parallel market premiums captured the lingering impact of foreign exchange controls and slippages in financial policies induced the 1992-93 investment decline; and in Senegal, where inflation and rising external debt contributed to hold back nongovernment investment in the early 1980s.
However, there are also indications that broader confidence factors associated with internal and external financial crises had a major influence on the turning points of the investment cycle. In Mexico, the depth and speed of the investment decline in the aftermath of the 1982 crisis were sharper than predicted by the estimated investment equation and probably reflected the erosion of confidence in public policies due to the partial default on domestic debt, the imposition of exchange controls, and the nationalization of the banking system. In Chile, the sharp decline of nongovernment investment in 1981-83 was also linked to a severe financial crisis. In this case, major problems were the large external debt burden, the perceived inconsistency between exchange rate and wage policies, the associated private sector overspending, and the precarious condition of the financial system.
As for the role of public investment, evidence for the eight countries provides little support for the view that private and aggregate public investment are complementary. In six countries, the effect of public investment was found to be negative and strongly significant, implying that public investment competed with and crowded out private sector opportunities. The exceptions were Bangladesh, where no effect was detected, and Morocco where the two were largely complementary.43 In countries where there was evidence of a negative overall relationship between public and private investment, efforts to rationalize and better select public investment programs and associated privatization reforms appear to have been instrumental in promoting, rather than hampering, private investment. However, this is an area where generalizations are difficult, as shown by the different results reported in the empirical literature.44 Also, several qualifications are in order. First, lack of data prevented addressing the important distinction between infrastructural and noninfrastructural public investment.45 While Chile, Mexico, and Thailand made progress in enhancing the role of the private sector in utilities and infrastructural projects, in Thailand the cautious public investment policies resulted in infrastructural bottlenecks by the early 1990s. Second, while the rationalization of public investment programs created opportunities for the private sector, the associated reduction of demand affected private investment indirectly. Third, the efficiency of public investment, and hence its full impact on growth, cannot be deduced from the aggregate relationships discussed here.46
Experience in the eight countries suggests a number of conclusions:
• Achievement of greater macroeconomic stability was conducive to private investment. Progress in reducing inflation (Mexico and Senegal) and the parallel market premium (Ghana), in keeping the external debt-servicing burden under check (Chile, Bangladesh, and Senegal), in avoiding excessive real exchange rate appreciations and maintaining real wage flexibility (Thailand and Morocco) all helped promote conditions conducive to higher private investment rates. However, the magnitude of each effect varied across countries and over time.
• Uncertainty about the course of policies appears to have penalized private investment. Therefore, avoidance of measures adversely affecting private sector confidence in public policies, clear announcement signals, and sustained implementation of mutually consistent policies are likely to reinforce credibility and reduce lags in the response of investors.
• Except for Morocco, there is no evidence that the reduction of public investment had negative effects on private investment. Rather, the estimates indicate that, in terms of direct contemporaneous links, substitutability effects dominated in most of the countries, suggesting that efforts to rationalize public investment programs create opportunities for private investment. This does not mean specific public investments, especially in infrastructure or human capital development, are not essential to support higher private investment and growth. Nor does it say how squeezing public investments during fiscal adjustment would affect growth; indeed, it is difficult to answer such a question without detailed cost-benefit analyses. However, it does question the wisdom of a general, untargeted increase in public capital spending as a way to elicit a faster private investment response.
• The findings suggest that ensuring an adequate flow of credit to the private sector, including through the removal of credit constraints when they are in place, is likely to promote a faster recovery of investment. Both an inappropriate mix of monetary and fiscal policies and structural problems in the financial sector can reduce private investment. The experience of Bangladesh also suggests that easing financial repression and lifting administrative restrictions may not by themselves be sufficient to ease credit constraints if the latter stem from an inherited stock of nonperforming assets. Furthermore, increasing competition in the banking system and addressing macroeconomic and structural problems that contribute to poorly performing portfolios may reduce the incidence of excessive bank spreads and high real lending rates. The importance of removing structural distortions affecting financial intermediation and the allocation of resources is underscored by the experience of countries with a relatively flat investment record, all of which showed lagging progress in these areas.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Minimum required major and supporting course work equates to 45-51 hours.
Substitution for specific courses listed above will be approved by the concentration advisor only in exceptional cases.
Departmental distinction. To be eligible for graduation with distinction, a student must have a college grade point average of 3.5, a major concentration grade point average of 3.5, completion of HUM 498 with a grade of A, and completion of a semester paper in HUM 498 that is judged to be deserving of "distinction" by a committee of at least two faculty members.
High distinction. To be eligible for graduation with high distinction, a student must have a college grade point average of 3.5, a major concentration grade point average of 3.7, and must have completed HUM 492 (instead of HUM 498) with a grade of A and a thesis in HUM 492 that is judged to be deserving of "high distinction" by a committee of at least two faculty members.


MEXICO CITY, June 16 (Xinhua) -- At least seven people were killed and another 28 injured in a bus crash in the city of Guadalajara in west Mexican state of Jalisco, the local prosecutor announced on Saturday.
The vehicle, with around 40 passengers on board, overturned and fell into a canal Friday night when it was travelling through Tlaquepaque, a town southeast of Guadalajara.
The Jalisco prosecutor-general issued a statement, saying that by Saturday, seven people had been killed in the crash, including two children of 2 and 11 years old.
Another 25 passengers were injured in the crash and are being treated at five hospitals in the area, while another three were already discharged from hospital.
It added that the state personnel were working to find out the causes of the accident and to find the driver, who is thought to have fled the scene as his name did not appear among the injured.
People celebrate 2018 International Day of Yoga in Chicago, U.S.


we could solve our customer problems asap and do the profit for Os Y Construction Design Conventional Globe Valve , OS&Y Construction Design Conventional Globe Valve , OS&Y Construction Cast Steel Gate Valve , the more economical the price is. We also offer good OEM service to many famous brands.
Our progress depends about the advanced products ,fantastic talents and continuously strengthened technology forces for Os Y Construction Design Conventional Globe Valve , OS&Y Construction Design Conventional Globe Valve , OS&Y Construction Cast Steel Gate Valve , Excellent quality comes from our adherence to every detail and customer satisfaction comes from our sincere dedication. Relying on advanced technology and industry reputation of good cooperation we try our best to offer more quality goods and services to our customers and all of us are willing to strengthen exchanges with domestic and foreign customers and sincere cooperation to build a better future.


text:
<?php

namespace AntonyThorpe\Knockout\Tests;

use SilverStripe\Dev\SapphireTest;
use AntonyThorpe\Knockout\KnockoutFormAction;

/**
 * KnockoutFormActionTest
 */
class KnockoutFormActionTest extends SapphireTest
{
    public function testKnockoutFormAction()
    {
        $action = KnockoutFormAction::create('doSave', 'Save')
            ->setDisabledClass('astroid')
            ->setObservable('canSave');

        $this->assertEquals(
            "astroid",
            $action->getDisabledClass(),
            "astroid"
        );
        $this->assertEquals(
            "canSave",
            $action->getObservable(),
            "observable is set"
        );
        $this->assertStringContainsString(
            '<input data-bind="enable: canSave, css:{ \'astroid\': !canSave() }"',
            $action->Field()->getValue()
        );
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Jonas Hiller, Teemu Selanne look sharp in Ducks preseason debuts
By James O'BrienSep 25, 2011, 12:28 PM EDT
During the off-season, the Anaheim Ducks' two biggest wild cards have been Jonas Hiller's health and Teemu Selanne's retirement decision. While the Finnish Flash decided to come back for one more season, the Swiss stopper still needs to back up his claims that he's healthy.
After one admittedly inconsequential preseason game, it seems like the verdict is: "So far, so good."
Selanne assisted on a Corey Perry power-play goal while Hiller stopped all of the 21 shots he faced in two period of action as the Ducks beat the Vancouver Canucks 4-1 on Saturday night. Vancouver's only tally came against former Edmonton Oilers netminder Jeff Deslauriers.
Ducks head coach Randy Carlyle came away impressed with Hiller's first post-vertigo performance.
"He's been seeing the puck," Ducks coach Randy Carlyle said in a post-game interview with CBC. "There's been a lot made and there should be about his ailments that happened at the All-Star break last year. It really took him a long time to get back.
"What we did was just try to monitor it. He worked hard during the summer. He attended goaltending clinics in Switzerland, he was on the ice for over a month and a half there. He came back to Anaheim and he loked sharp and he has had no ill effects."
A healthy Hiller raises the Ducks' collective ceiling significantly
While the team made some minor adjustments to its defense, it's possible that it took a slight step back by replacing retired penalty killing center Todd Marchant with historically deficient defensive pivot Andrew Cogliano. Some might also think that trading hard-hitting blueliner Andy Sutton for hard-shooting defenseman Kurtis Foster might be a downgrade, at least in the Ducks' own end.
Those are under-the-radar issues, but Hiller's puck-stopping skills were recognized last season with his first career All Star appearance. His career save percentage is .921, a stellar testament to the difference he makes behind an increasingly shaky defense. Hiller posted a .924 mark in an injury-shortened 2010-11. He's a serious difference-maker who can camouflage a lot of weaknesses.
The Ducks might not run away with the Pacific Division with their formula of top-heavy offense and Hiller masking their defensive problems, but it's a combination that has a strong chance of working well enough to earn a playoff spot. We'll definitely keep an eye on Hiller's health through the preseason and beyond, though, because vertigo-like symptoms are not exactly a common hockey injury.


Coral Grand 1 Townhouse in Ocean City is a holiday home with 1 room.
Situated 2.8 km from Roland E. Powell Convention Center & Visitors Info Center and 5 km from Northside Park, Coral Grand 1 Townhouse offers accommodation in Ocean City. Guests benefit from balcony. The kitchen is fitted with a dishwasher, an oven and a microwave, as well as a coffee machine. A TV and DVD player, as well as a CD player are provided. Other facilities at Coral Grand 1 Townhouse include a fitness centre. Northside Park is 5 km from Coral Grand 1 Townhouse, while Ocean City Boardwalk... is 6 km from the property. The nearest airport is Salisbury-Ocean City Wicomico Regional Airport, 39 km from Coral Grand 1 Townhouse.
Situated 2.8 km from Roland E. Powell Convention Center & Visitors Info Center and 5 km from Northside Park, Coral Grand 1 Townhouse offers accommodat...ion in Ocean City. Guests benefit from balcony. The kitchen is fitted with a dishwasher, an oven and a microwave, as well as a coffee machine. A TV and DVD player, as well as a CD player are provided. Other facilities at Coral Grand 1 Townhouse include a fitness centre. Northside Park is 5 km from Coral Grand 1 Townhouse, while Ocean City Boardwalk is 6 km from the property. The nearest airport is Salisbury-Ocean City Wicomico Regional Airport, 39 km from Coral Grand 1 Townhouse.
When would you like to stay at Coral Grand 1 Townhouse?
Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply. Please inform Coral Grand 1 Townhouse in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Guests under the age of 25 can only check in with a parent or official guardian who is also staying in the unit. Please note if the reservation is cancelled, the total amount plus all fees (including the service charge and taxes) are non-refundable.


On behalf of Arnold & Bailey posted in spousal support on Wednesday, March 20, 2019.
Although divorce formally ends a marriage, there are many factors that might continue to tie two ex-spouses to one another. From sharing children to making child support or alimony payments, many divorced couples are at least temporarily still linked together. However, there might be times when it is appropriate for a person in West Virginia to petition the court in order to have their alimony payments altered or even stopped altogether.
On behalf of Arnold & Bailey posted in spousal support on Monday, December 24, 2018.
As West Virginia readers know, several new tax laws will be in effect at the beginning of the year. Very soon, couples walking through divorce will have to rethink how spousal support payments will work and what they could mean for a person's taxes. Alimony attorneys understand how important it is to adequately prepare clients for what these changes could mean for them.
On behalf of Arnold & Bailey posted in spousal support on Wednesday, June 27, 2018.
One of the impactful things that can happen in West Virginia divorces is a party being granted spousal support, also known as alimony, through a court order or a settlement agreement. Under state law, there are four types of spousal support arrangements that can be set up. We'll now go over these different types.


text:
Ted Verity
Ted Verity is a British journalist and newspaper editor. He is the current editor of The Mail on Sunday.
In June 2018, it was announced that he would succeed Geordie Greig, who would in turn succeed Paul Dacre as editor of the Daily Mail in November 2018.[1] He edited his first edition of The Mail on Sunday on 9 September 2018, slightly earlier than initially expected.[2]
Waterson, Jim (7 June 2018). "New Daily Mail editor to be Geordie Greig". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
Tobitt, Charlotte (12 September 2018). "Mail on Sunday appoints new political editor as Simon Walters moves to Daily Mail as assistant editor". Press Gazette. Progressive Media International. Retrieved 13 January 2019.


Our slim-straight denim are constructed for easy style, durability, and exceptional comfort with a bit of stretch. The medium-washed indigo treatment gives the raw denim a vibrant, but worn-in look with visible imperfections - as if you've already had them for years. Our slim-straight design fits slim through the hip and thigh, with a narrow leg opening (14 1/2" for a size 32). Features include custom F&O details, leather logo patch, pick stitching, and zip fly. 98% cotton, 2% spandex. Weight: 10.5oz.


text:
Q: Leaflet change from JSON to CSV Still to new to Leaflet but with small steps.... I will get somewhere.
I am loading now with jquery.getjson (and this works fine)
// Load the data
jQuery.getJSON("data/lieux_culture_nantes.json", function(data) {
    displayFeatures(data.features, layers, icons);
    var props = ['nom_comple', 'libcategor', 'commune'];
    fuseSearchCtrl.indexFeatures(data.features, props);
});

But for maintenance the user would like to use a CSV file
omnivore.csv('data/lieux_culture_nantes.csv').addTo(map);

But this does not shows the displayfeatures. Can someone give me some direction how to use the CSV option.

A: The CSV parser from omnivore expects by default comma separated fields with headers. These headers should contains columns named longitude and latitude.
You may need to set the options to correctly read the CSV depending of the CSV source like below.
omnivore.csv('data/lieux_culture_nantes.csv', {
  latfield: 'mylatitudefield',
  lonfield: 'mylongitudefield',
  delimiter: ';'
}).addTo(map);

A demo in action can be seen at https://bl.ocks.org/ThomasG77/963f269756daf33c4c1b5e786d5914a4

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Library details: Thomas J. Garland Library is an Academic library.
This library is affiliated with Tusculum College (view map) . The collection of the library contains 54,894 volumes. The library circulates 7,490 items per year. The library serves a population of 2,084 FTE Enrollment.
Administration: The director of the library is Kathy Hipps .


text:
Renting and Tenant Rights
Can an Apartment Require a Non Refundable Deposit?
State laws vary on the legality of non-refundable deposits.
1 Dispute Tenant Damages
2 Write a Deposit Letter to a Landlord
3 Can Tenants Sign Away the Rights to Eviction Protection?
4 End a Tenant-Landlord Relationship
Some states allow landlords to charge non-refundable deposits and fees, while others strictly forbid them. Tenants and landlords should check state and local laws to determine the conditions under which a landlord can refuse to refund a deposit. Tenants should also be aware that some states allow landlords to charge additional, non-refundable fees in specific circumstances, such as for tenants who have pets.
The costs of moving into a rental home can be significant, as many states permit landlords to collect large, up-front deposits before a tenant even moves into a rental unit. State and local laws require landlords to hold these funds until the tenant moves out, then return the deposit to the tenant, sometimes with interest, less any charges for unpaid rent or damages beyond normal wear and tear. Some landlords charge non-refundable fees in addition to, or instead of, security deposits, although this is not always allowed under landlord-tenant laws.
A security deposit is a sum of money that landlords collect to protect themselves against tenants who fail to pay rent or who damage the rental. The amount of the deposit depends on several things, including the cost of rent, whether the apartment is furnished or unfurnished and whether the tenant brings in items that could potentially damage the apartment, such as a waterbed. State laws often limit how much a landlord can charge for a security deposit. Rental fees, on the other hand, are business expenses that landlords pass on to applicants and tenants. Many landlords charge an application fee that covers the cost of tenant screening. Other common fees include pet fees, cleaning fees and move-in fees.
State landlord-tenant laws vary significantly on whether a landlord can charge non-refundable deposits or fees. In California, the law is very clear that the only non-refundable fee that a landlord can charge is an application screening fee. Other fees, such as a processing fee for new tenants, becomes part of the security deposit and must be refunded unless the tenant owes the landlord money at the end of the lease term. Landlords in other states may have more leeway, often because landlord-tenant laws in their area don't address rental fees.
Even if you live in a state that doesn't allow non-refundable deposits or fees, a landlord is not obligated to refund your deposit if you owe him back rent or leave your home in poor condition. Most states require your landlord to send you an itemized statement of charges against your security deposit, such as repairs or cleaning, within a specific time period after you move out. California requires the itemized statement of deductions be sent within 21 days and a refund be included for the amount not deducted. State laws often give you the opportunity to contest these charges, however, and you have the right to take your landlord to court if you feel that he unfairly withheld your funds.
Nolo: Security Deposit Limits and Uses
California Department of Consumer Affairs: When You Have Decided To Rent
California Department of Consumer Affairs: Refunds Of Security Deposits
Nolo: Get Your Security Deposit Back
Nolo: Security Deposit Limits and Deadlines in Your State
Lainie Petersen writes about business, real estate and personal finance, drawing on 25 years experience in publishing and education. Petersen's work appears in Money Crashers, Selling to the Masses, and in Walmart News Now, a blog for Walmart suppliers. She holds a master's degree in library science from Dominican University.
Petersen, Lainie. "Can an Apartment Require a Non Refundable Deposit?" Home Guides | SF Gate, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/can-apartment-require-non-refundable-deposit-71465.html. Accessed 18 July 2019.
Petersen, Lainie. (n.d.). Can an Apartment Require a Non Refundable Deposit? Home Guides | SF Gate. Retrieved from http://homeguides.sfgate.com/can-apartment-require-non-refundable-deposit-71465.html
Petersen, Lainie. "Can an Apartment Require a Non Refundable Deposit?" accessed July 18, 2019. http://homeguides.sfgate.com/can-apartment-require-non-refundable-deposit-71465.html
Can a Tenant Be Evicted in California for an Unpaid Deposit?
What Is Fair Compensation to a Tenant for Breaking a Lease?
Can a Landlord Take My Damage Deposit for Violating My Lease?
How Long Does a Landlord Have to Send Me a Bill?
Can Late Fees Be Deducted for a Tenant's Security Deposit?
Can a Landlord Fine You?
California Tenant Confidentiality Laws
California Tenant Deposit Rights
Standard Residential Lease Terms
Can a Landlord Do a Walkthrough While I'm Living Here?
California Laws on Unlawful Entry to a Residential Property by a Landlord
Short Sale Negotiator Laws


text:
BREAKING: 8 Cameroonian athletes disappear at Commonwealth Games
Brila 0 April 11, 2018 9:51 am
Eight members of Team Cameroon at the Commonwealth Games team has gone missing as officials fear the athletes won't be coming back.
It comes as what's left of the Cameroon team flew home to prevent any more escapes.
Despite initial reports suggesting five athletes had disappeared, the Cameroon Commonwealth Team has confirmed to news.com.au that eight out of the 24 athletes that travelled to the Gold Coast are now missing after the "athletes left in three waves".
"The Cameroon Commonwealth Team is sad to announce that 8 of the 24 athletes they took to the 21st Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia, are missing from their respective rooms in the Games village," a statement from Team Cameroon's Chef de Mission, Victor Agbor Nso, to news.com.au read.
Officials said the athletes left in "three waves".
The first round of missing athletes were discovered on Sunday when three of the team "departed the village". On Monday night, another two were declared missing, and finally, last night, three others left their room, likely never to return.
Games officials are stumped over the whereabouts of the Cameroonian athletes, five of whom are boxers and three of whom are weightlifters.
The matter has prompted Australia's Border Force to monitor the situation.
Featured 14661 OTHER SPORTS 3012 Team Cameroon 1 XXI Commonwealth Games 2018 21
AUTHOR: Brila
Africa's First & Nigeria's Only Sports Radio Station [88.9 Brila Fm]
Injured Asante Kotoko players robbed at scene of Bus Crash 0
Flying Eagles won't have problems navigating past the group stage – Offia 0
Euro 2020 Betting Odds: Who Are The Favourites? 0
Eaglets assistant coach Atune says team will improve defensively 0
2019 FIBA AFROCAN: D'Tigers to face Kenya, DR Congo 0


The renovation of the newly-reopened plaza at the heart of Philadelphia, Dilworth Park, creates a vibrant cultural and civic centerpiece around transit. C&G Partners created wayfinding, donor recognition and interpretive graphics for the project. C&G's work includes permanent typographic installations embedded in the surfaces of the plaza. One quotes influential former Philadelphia Mayor Richardson Dilworth, from whom the Plaza takes its name: "Some cynics say that our big cities should be eliminated, but you cannot have a lot of suburbs sprawled out in search of a city." We heartily agree. A project of this size involves an enormous number of excellent people over time. C&G Partners is honored to have worked in collaboration with City Center District, Kieran Timberlake Architects and Olin Landscape Architects, among others. Fuller illustrated rundown coming soon.


In the field of lithic reduction, a burin /ˈbjuːrɪn/ (from the French burin, meaning "cold chisel" or modern engraving burin) is a type of handheld lithic flake with a chisel-like edge which prehistoric humans used for engraving or for carving wood or bone.
Burins exhibit a feature called a "burin spall", in which toolmakers strike a small flake obliquely from the edge of the burin flake in order to form the graving edge.
Burin usage is diagnostic of Upper Palaeolithic cultures in Europe, but archaeologists have also identified it in North American cultural assemblages, and in his book Early Man in China, Jia Lanpo of Beijing University lists dihedral burins and burins for truncation among artifacts uncovered along the banks of the Liyigon river near Xujiayao.
An example of a type of burin diagnostic of the archaeological stratum where they are found is the "Noailles" burin, named for its original find-site, the Grotte de Noailles, in the commune of Brive-la-Gaillarde, Corrèze, in southwestern France. It consists of a small multiple burin characteristic of the Upper Paleolithic cultural stage called the Gravettian, ca. 28–23,000 BC; these flake tools have been restruck and refined to give several chisellike edges and a blunt, grippable rear edge.
One type of burin is called the "ordinary burin", which occurs when a burin facet is backed against another burin facet.
^ Burkitt, M. C. (1928). South Africa's Past in Stone and Paint. Cambridge University Press. p. 82. ISBN 9781107641334. Retrieved 2017-08-21.


Ransom Selkirk Daily was the third son of Jeremiah David Daily. Ransom served in Company E, 4th Alabama Calvary under his father. Ransom, the third son, was wounded in the shoulder at Shilo, captured and held in a Yankee prison camp in Ohio until the South's surrender in 1865. He then, like many others, was compelled to walk home to Franklin County, Alabama. Ransom and his wife then moved to Arkansas to begin a new life. Later Jeremiah was to join him there.
Information for this page was contributed by Sydna Daily.


Torys is pleased to announce that James C. Tory has qualified as a Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers.
The college, based in Irvine, California, was founded in 1950 to maintain and improve the standards of trial practice, the administration of justice and the ethics of the profession. Composed of the best of the trial bar from the United States and Canada, the college is widely considered to be America's premier professional trial organization. Fellowship is extended only by invitation to experienced trial lawyers who have mastered the art of advocacy and whose professional careers have been marked by the highest standards of ethical conduct, professionalism, civility and collegiality. Membership can never be more than 1% of the total lawyer population of any state or province.
Jim joins Sheila Block, John Laskin and Trisha Jackson in this honour.


Jackson Pollock's "Blue Poles" (1952)… in 1973, the most expensive American painting ever sold.
"WE revere 'Blue Poles' but there's much more in the show than that," says Lucina Ward, curator of painting and sculpture at the National Gallery, about the coming "American Masters" exhibition.
It's hard not to think of "our" great abstract expressionist painting given this show of works is entirely drawn from the NGA's collection. After all, when the fledgling gallery acquired Jackson Pollock's work in 1973 it was the most expensive American painting ever sold.
But Ward is right that there's more than Pollock. The exhibition "American Masters: 1940 to 1980", lavishly installed in six rooms, ranges from the period following World War II, when America became centre stage in a transfer of art focus from Europe to the New World. Ward puts this down partly to the appearance of émigré artists in the US.
The show is supported by the Chicago/Paris Terra Foundation for American Art, whose representatives have been saying: "Wow – you've even got that!" on viewing the content of the show.
Frank Stella's "Flin Flon" (1970).
There's a buzz of excitement around the national collecting institution, with new director Nick Mitzevich full of eager anticipation at the prospect of seeing famous works he last viewed as a boy. Staff are chuffed to think that Canberra's exhibition, which includes works rarely on public display, will easily rival "MoMA at NGV: 130 Years of Modern and Contemporary Art", the Melbourne winter masterpieces show for this year.
Ward makes no secret of her admiration for the founding director of the gallery, James Mollison, whom she met at age 16 and who, she says, always wrote to dealers saying, "unless it is of the highest quality, we're just not interested".
Before the gallery was open to the public in 1982, Mollison had collected a huge range of "destination works" even before we knew the term, and the NGA's collection of modern American art is now very likely the second biggest outside the US.
Audrey Flack's 1973 oil-on-canvas "Jolie Madame" (Pretty Woman).
There were, to be sure, significant additions in 2002 when the Kenneth Tyler Print Collection was gifted to the NGA under the watch of former director Brian Kennedy, bringing in a huge catalogue of work by celebrated 20th century printmakers.
"Much of that has now been digitised, so it's an international resource," Ward says with pride.
Two-thousand-and-two was also the same year the NGA Foundation, with the assistance of Terrey and Anne Arcus and Penelope and Harry Seidler, bought Frank Stella's "Flin Flon".
As we enter the exhibition Ward says we'll be thrown into the world of the abstract expressionist "bad boys", artists such as Pollock and Willem de Kooning. Most of these works are permanently on display at the NGA, so this will be the most familiar part.
"Elegy to the Spanish Republic" (1958) by Robert Motherwell.
Appropriately, the second room will hold work by the second generation artists, "not quite such bad boys", she says, of artists Robert Motherwell and Morris Louis, who were defined by critic Clement Greenberg as "colour field" painters.
In the third room we'll see how everything was turned on its head by pop art in the '50s and '60s. The NGA's collection of work by Andy Warhol is notable.
The fourth gallery will cover the arrival of minimalist and conceptual art of the late '60s and '70s. The inclusion of Eva Hesse's "Contingent" and "Slab" (cloud) by Robert Morris are, to her, most exciting.
A return to realism will be seen in the fifth room, where works of photo realism will be shown in works by artists such as Chuck Close and Audrey Flack.
Room six will be filled with the art of light. Outside in the gallery's gardens is "Within Without", the skyspace work by American artist James Turrell and part of a "different narrative" that saw the geographical focus of American art move from the east to the west coast of the US in works based on light, space, and sophisticated technology.
"American Masters: 1940 to 1980", National Gallery of Australia, August 24-November 11. Free, no booking required.
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text:
Toxoderidae — семейство насекомых из отряда богомоловых (Mantodea). Около 50 видов.

Описание
Богомолы с тонким удлинённым телом. Усики тонкие, нитевидной формы. Фасеточные глаза могут быть заостренными и выступающими. Передняя часть тела (переднегрудь) очень длинная и тонкая, по крайней мере в пять раз длиннее ширины. Передние конечности тонкие, особенно длинные бедра (procoxae). На средних и задних тонких лапках имеют по бокам выступы. Крылья обычно хорошо развиты, задняя часть тела длинная и цилиндрическая.
От близких групп отличаются следующими признаками: церки уплощённые, передние бёдра с 5-7 шипиками (первый дискоидальный шипик короче второго), задние голени гладкие (без килей), передние голени с двумя нижними рядами шипиков.

Распространение
Встречаются в Азии, Африке.

Классификация
Около 50 видов. На декабрь 2020 года к семейству относят следующие таксоны до рода включительно:

Подсемейство Toxoderinae
Африка, Азия, Ближний Восток
Триба Aethalochroini
 Aethalochroa Wood-Mason, 1877
 Oestomantis Giglio-Tos, 1914
 Pareuthyphlebs Werner, 1928

Триба Calamothespini
Африка
 Belomantis Giglio-Tos, 1914
 Calamothespis Werner, 1907
 Toxomantis Giglio-Tos, 1914

Триба Toxoderini
 Metatoxodera Roy, 2009
 Paratoxodera Wood-Mason, 1889
 Protoxodera Roy, 2009
 Stenotoxodera Roy, 2009
 Toxodera Serville, 1837

Триба Toxoderini
 Euthyphleps Wood-Mason, 1889
 Toxodanuria Uvarov, 1940
 Toxoderella Giglio-Tos, 1914
 Toxoderopsis Wood-Mason, 1889

Подсемейство Compsothespinae
 Compsothespis Saussure, 1872

Подсемейство Heterochaetinae
 Heterochaeta Westwood, 1845

Подсемейство Oxyothespinae
Триба Heterochaetulini
 Heterochaetula Wood-Mason, 1889
Триба Oxyothespini
 Acithespis Giglio-Tos, 1916
 Lobothespis La Greca & Lombardo, 1987
 Oxyothespis Saussure, 1870
 Paraseverinia Lombardo, 1991
 Severinia Finot, 1902
 Sinaiella Karsch, 1892
 Somalithespis Lombardo, 1991

Примечания

Литература

 Beier M. (1934) Mantodea Fam. Mantidae Subfam. Toxoderinae Genera Insectorum 198: 9 p.
 Antonio Arnovis Agudelo Rondón, Francesco Lombardo, Lauro José Jantsch. (2007). Checklist of the Neotropical mantids (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Mantodea). Biota Colombiana 8 (2) 105—158, ссылка
 Roy R. (2009) Révision des Toxoderini sensu novo (Mantodea, Toxoderinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 116 (1), 93—183.
 Wieland, Frank. (2010). The phylogenetic system of Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera). Dissertation… Doktorgrades… Universität zu Göttingen. 2010. 1—341pp. ссылка

Ссылки
 family Toxoderidae. Mantodea Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0..

Богомоловые
Семейства насекомых

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Resettlement Support Center (CWS RSC Africa) operates a US refugee resettlement program in sub-Saharan Africa through a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of State/Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration.
CWS RSC Africa is responsible for the preparation of refugee case files for adjudication by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officers, as well as the out-processing and cultural orientation of all approved cases. CWS RSC Africa is administered by the Church World Service Immigration Refugee Program (CWS/IRP) and is based in Nairobi, Kenya.
Produces training materials under the direction of the CO Manager.
Liaises with translators to ensure quality translation of training materials and other documents. Produces translated materials as needed.
Conducts bi-annual audits of trainer material sets to ensure materials in use comply with approved curriculum guidelines. Acquires or develops missing materials as needed for trainers.
Liaises with the Administration Department for the purchase or repair of needed CO materials and supplies including printing of materials.
Assists with the scheduling and updating of eligible individuals in WRAPS for cultural orientation training in collaboration with the CO Field Team staff when needed.
Assists with the updates to the Interpreter and Child Minding Management Systems.
Performs other duties as assigned to ensure the effective and efficient administration of the RSC Africa Cultural Orientation Division.
High school diploma or equivalent and five (5) years' experience.
Excellent computer skills in Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, SQL, MS Publisher, CS Adobe and Power Point are required.
Ability to create storyboards, illustrations, cartoons, prefered.
actively participate in the implementation of the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program in Africa.
maintain strict confidentiality with RSC Africa administrative and operational information.


text:
Properties for Sale in Berwick-upon-tweed, Berwick-upon-tweed, Northumberland
Home - For Sale - Berwick-upon-tweed - Northumberland
Showing 1-15 of 49 properties in Berwick-upon-tweed, Northumberland
£315,000 Offers Over
3 Bedrooms Cottage House for Sale
Kilpatrick, Arran, KA27
Click here for agent's website
Grange House Gardens, Burntisland, KY3
2 Bedrooms Flat for Sale
Brisbane Street, Largs, North Ayrshire, KA30
£1,500,000 Offers Over
Allerdean, Berwick Upon Tweed, TD15
Utterly unique 16th century former coach house - £1.6 m redevelopment to a gastro pub/restaurant, complete with five luxury holiday lodges & 140 restaurant covers. perfect as…
Barmoor Ridge, Lowick, TD15
This handsome detached period farmhouse with outbuildings features four bedrooms and spacious, flexible accommodation, with several original features.
Re-development Opportunity, Berwick-upon-tweed, The Roundhouse,…
A level and regular shaped cleared development opportunity approximately 0.847 ha (2.09 acres) or thereby west of spittal, 1.3 miles south east of berwick-upon-tweed town centre. out…
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We are delighted to bring to the market this spacious and well presented detached four bedroom detached house, which has been individually designed to create this stunning family home.…
Plot Commercial for sale
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A fantastic residential development opportunity with full planning consent granted for four detached four bedroom family homes with garages.
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Re-development opportunity/ commercial investment building a - general purpose industrial units to the north of spittal residential re-development potential/ longstanding tenant in…
4 Bedrooms Terraced House for sale
Love Lane, Berwick-upon-tweed, TD15
3 love lane offers a rare opportunity to own a substantial grade ii listed, three storey, terraced house situated in a quiet location within the elizabethan town walls of berwick upon…
Foulden, Berwick-upon-tweed, TD15
We are delighted to bring to the market this charming detached three bedroom bungalow, which is set within large gardens and grounds creating privacy for the owners. weatherhead house…
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We are pleased to offer for sale this beautifully presented victorian townhouse, which is conveniently located within easy walking distance to the centre of berwick-upon-tweed and…
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A fantastic opportunity to purchase this spacious grade 2 stone built five bedroom townhouse, which is located in a central position within easy walking distance to the facilities…
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An excellent opportunity to purchase this spacious three bedroom house, which is located on the outskirts of berwick-upon-tweed with open views of the surrounding areas and countryside…
Heathery Tops Farm Cottage, Scremerston, TD15
We are delighted to offer for sale this immaculate mid-terraced two bedroom cottage, which is located in a prime position on the outskirts of berwick-upon-tweed, with open countryside…
Properties For rent in Berwick-upon-tweed, Northumberland
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130 East Claremont Street
EH7 4LB
Tel: See phone number 0131 524 9797
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Useful Links for BERWICK-UPON-TWEED, Northumberland
Property For Sale in BERWICK-UPON-TWEED, Northumberland
Property To Rent in BERWICK-UPON-TWEED, Northumberland
Sold House Prices in BERWICK-UPON-TWEED, Northumberland
Local Agents in BERWICK-UPON-TWEED, Northumberland
Areas around BERWICK-UPON-TWEED
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But using an electric razor brings with it the uncomfortable chore of cleaning it. The main problem is that so many things can go wrong like the device getting short or you may find it removing the hairs stuck in it difficult. It won't be long before you end up using knives and machetes just to get it running again!
With so many people coming to us with the same problem and question, of how to clean an electric razor, we thought it was time that we compiled a handy and thorough guide showing the right way to do it. We've given so clear instructions that even a dummy will soon be able clean an electric razor!
There are basically three ways you can clean an electric razor which we have mentioned here with step-to-step instructions.
Step no.1: The razor should be switched off.
While this is the most obvious and first thing a person has to do to clean an electric razor, many people including myself are so much in a rush to clean the razor that they don't bother to unplug it or cut off the power supply. However if you are using a corded electric razor, make double sure that the cord is disconnected. Don't assume anything but instead make double sure that the razor's unplugged before doing anything.
While most of today's electric razors are cordless, it's always better to be safe than sorry. So make sure there's no power running through the razor while you clean it. This means you will have to do things like double checking the power switches, resetting buttons and whatever necessary for your safety. You can never be too sure, as safety is always first priority. No one wants to have the blade spinning with their fingers in there! And as a rule, it's not good for you or the razor!
Once you are sure you are safe to work you have to open it up. While each brand is uniquely designed with individual opening systems, most of them make things easier for you. It's usually more than enough to flip up the razor's top to reach being the small shaving heads. It's usually the detachable frames holding shave heads in place which you can take out.
You just have to reach the shave heads and take them out using your thumb and forefinger. You can also separate the blades from the shave head screens. Once you have everything out and independent from each other, it's time to start cleaning.
If you want to know how to clean an electric razor, you not only need water to help you out, but also some other cleaning supplies. So have some isopropyl alcohol, toothbrushes and electrical contact cleaner ready before you even start cleaning.
Start cleaning from the heads using as hot water as possible to rinse it. Hot water also sanitizes the shave heads, and keeps them devoid of bacteria. So use as hot water as you can withstand without the risk of burning yourself.
While the water does most of the work, it helps if you soak the heads in cleaning solution and scrub the remaining debris out using your toothbrush. While the small bristle brushes your electric razor will most probably have work great, they get easily misplaced. It's better keeping an old toothbrush for these kinds of cleaning jobs. Besides, it helps you recycle things by helping you put old things back to use. Keep repeating till the entire razor is cleaned out.
Once the razor is sparkling clear, it's time to restore the unit. This is actually rather simple to do, as long as you know your razor well, and have laid all the parts out in an orderly manner so that you have no problems reattaching them.
The secret lies in doing everything in reverse which is to first place the blades in the shave head, then putting the heads back to the assembly, reassembling its framework and then snapping it back on to the razor.
This done, you can plug the razor in or switch it on to ensure its working as it should. If it's not working, the only thing to be done is to take it apart again and tinker around till you locate the problem. Rectify the problem once located, and you are done cleaning your razor!
It wasn't so difficult learning how to clean an electric razor, right/ well now you know how to clean the razor to keep it maintained and not have to throw it out just because your facial hair is clogging it!
Most of the latest electric razors have a separate docking base for automatic cleaning and charging of the razor. This can be considered the easiest way to clean and maintain your shaver. You just have to plug in the dock's power cord to a pocket socket, and wait till its power indicator light switches on. Switch any separate power switch the dock has to the 'on' position. Just make sure the dock is safely away from the sink or shower so that there's no chance of it getting wet.
Step no.2: Place the shaver in the dock with head first.
Now you have to carefully fit the razor into the dock base. You'll know you are doing things right if you hear a click or see another light which indicates the razor has been successfully attached. Once the razor is in place just push on a button for the dock to clean, polish, oil and dry its cutting head in a matter of minutes.
Don't forget to remove any protective cap the cutting head has before docking it. And if you are skeptical, just follow the user's manual's instructions.
You have to start the cleaning cycle by finding, and pushing the cleaning function button. It's usually at the base, and as the advanced units have multiple cleaning options, you have to select your preferred choice. These cleaning options usually include quick, normal or intensive cleaning.
While the consequent settings offer better and more thorough cleans, they usually take more time. Not only does the dock clean the blades and foils, but it also applies a fresh coat of lubricating oil to the razor and quickly dries it using its internal heat source.
Once the dock is done cleaning your razor, it's time to remove it from the base and clear any remaining hair or debris on its outside using the stiff-bristled brush. Then replace its protective cap, if there's one, and store the razor somewhere clean and dry till the next use.
With the automated cleaning cycle completed, you can use your shaver anytime you next need it. It's worth buying a cheap storage bag or some hard-shelled case for storing your razor. It prevents it from exposure to moisture and other elements that may only quicken its deterioration.
Switch off the razor and disconnect its power cord from the power socket. Then remove its protective cap and cutting head and disconnect all removable parts like an additional lubricating strip or any length guard. If you don't own a self-cleaning razor, and if it's been some time since you had last given your razor a thorough cleaning, it's better to dismantle the razor and clean each part manually.
Now make some soapy water by adding a few drops of mild liquid soap to a sink of hot water. Brush the cutting head and other removable razor parts and clean them thoroughly by swishing through the soap solution.
Then rinse each part in a stream of hot water. The benefit of cleaning the razor with soap is that it removes the entire oil and skin residue that's accumulated in the cutting mechanisms. Make sure no pieces with direct connections to the battery and power socket gets wet.
Now go over all the razor parts that can't be washed but may have hair and debris traces using a wet, wrung washcloth. Typical places are the collar holding the cutting head in place and the frame edges. Any standing moisture on the razor has to be dried immediately using a towel.
The washcloth's corner can be used for scrubbing the frame edges under the cutting head. Work at removing as much debris as possible and anything that's left behind can be pulled into the blade upon reattaching the cutting head.
Keep the parts aside to air dry after gently patting each piece dry with a towel. The razor should dry within half an hour or so. Make sure you do not try reconnecting or switching on the razor till all its parts have thoroughly dried. It is not advisable to use any hair dryer or other similar artificial means to quicken the drying process as it may only lead to eventual, irreparable damage to the razor.


text:
Watch Great Soccer Players Watch How To Play
The length of time can be English disc. Aaron Cresswell because of the clothes he wears?
Aaron Cresswell is one of West Ham's most sustainable players, currently in one of his season's best; surely they are most functional since the Mcavennie, Devonshire and Bonds period at least. Unfortunately two of these players are no longer there for England, even though they are widely viewed as highly superior players, in their basic livelihoods.
Roy Hodgson has kept Mo-Re from serving because of the country, rather than every British director in the past. But Cresswell could not see, even though he was, it could be said, England's Ass were at their best during their first two seasons in the Premier League. Perhaps even more striking than the average model, is that it is a digital fact because the club, clocking a ton more competition time than some of the other candidates.
Many players who play during the online football betting week, a week out are not selected, but those who feel that they are being positioned as clubs in Liverpool and Manchester United are currently getting international starts on a regular basis. This seems to suit the functions of the clubs they strive for, not the ones they govern around the field.
Cresswell is not one 'academic graduate' scouted for clubbing and should take the time to re-survey his trade in friends and book clubs accordingly if he has to graft and sweep his way through several declining leagues starting with Tranmere Rovers all the way up. his successful moves to the town of Ipswich as well as West Ham United – he understands hard work techniques so he can optimize for wins.
With Ashley Cole absent and Leighton Baines not turning young, Luke Shaw will however recover from a terrible leg rest – why is Aaron Cresswell still missing? It takes all the necessary credentials;
He was young enough to flow with blood in the future, but old enough to have invaluable experience.
He played for a club that competed with big boys who wanted to make it to European football, to get a second term.
He gave him a hard-working professional who didn't forget his job, or didn't succeed in tracking down when the attacks stopped.
He's given his ability to move forward with lots of good strikes this season (Aston Villa and Leicester turn two springs to memory).
Can he afford to change to a lower bar under the table than West Ham? This is Chelsea, Liverpool, Everton or Southampton, so technique to get into the England squad?
Liverpool are listed as interested in youth reunions, which is why he wants to return to his native city, as well as the Anfield drama; Heats up the seats for the club he defeated 3 times that year, so the technique of getting involved is because of his nation?
To me it doesn't make sense!
My main concern is the reality that gamers can switch to clubs and rust in the spare seats in an attempt to become their country's icon, so leave us with a global club filled with people who don't regularly complete 90 minutes of competitive football. Surely it can have a negative impact on risk?
Aristotle said that "The whole is greater than the number of pieces. ". This seems to be true at the national level, you need not take it any further than with Claudio 'that Tinkerman' Ranieri and his group of 'travelers' about the end of the major league glory (and no coincidence, naturally so, in all cases, form and form), Chelsea and their 400 million squads in ignorance of the center table.
Through international means, should the same be put in place? Football never stops turning into a real TIM game, because it is played under a separate bannerad. The essentials can be exactly the same, and like us, like the country side, it looks like they're looking for the right people, or even a number of players who have high scores, rather than players who perform better in eligibility, next; football is run on grass, not on paper.
Updated: November 25, 2020 at 4:51 am
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therapist, massage therapy can decrease physical pain, address emotional imbalances, improve athletic performance, assist with stress management, and so much more!
Here are some of the many ways massage therapy enhances and improves people's lives.
And of course, in addition to all the many benefits listed above, massage therapy remains an amazingly effective therapy for combating and managing the stress we often face on a daily basis.
In this day and age where life expectancy now reaches close to one hundred years, seeking a solution to physical aging has become an increasingly important priority. Yet perhaps nothing speeds up the aging process, both internally as well as externally.
Massage affects so many levels of one's being and can—without a doubt—help to manage, counteract, and reverse the harmful effects inflicted on our bodies by stress. This translates into the value of tangible results, but also, and just as vital to our well being, the emotional support and balance that allows us to manage, enjoy, and succeed in our everyday lives.
Posted in Uncategorized and tagged "Cream tea in Colchester", "deep tissue massage", "gift vouchers Essex and Suffolk", "holistic therapies", "Pamper treatments in Sudbury Suffolk", "Pampering gift vouchers", "reflexology", "scalp massage", "Spa pamper packages in Colchester"


text:
Two Amenia residents arrested on narcotics charges
Poughkeepsie Journal
Two Amenia residents were arrested after police seized two handguns and a sizable amount of narcotics during the execution of a search warrant, according to a press release.
Shannon Kett, 26, and Nyteona Brown, 23, were taken into custody by a coalition of officers from the Dutchess County Drug Task Force and the Dutchess County Sheriff's Office Emergency Services unit. They had been investigation that residence, 4930 Route 22 in the Town of Amenia, in connection with narcotics sales.
They discovered two illegal handguns — a .45 caliber and .380 caliber — as well as 500 bags of heroin, 85 bags of crack cocaine, a quantity of marijuana, scales and packaging materials, according to the release.
Kett was charged with third-degree criminal possession of a controlled substance, a felony, and two counts of fourth-degree criminal possession of a weapon, a misdemeanor.
Brown was charged with third-degree criminal possession of a controlled substance, a felony.
Both were arraigned in Town of Amenia Court and remanded to the Dutchess County Jail.
Additionally, Brown is being as a fugitive of justice, as she is wanted by the State of Georgia on felony forgery charges.
Jack Howland: jhowland@poughkeepsiejournal.com, 845-437-4870, Twitter: @jhowl04