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Tom Chaney: Roma: from salt makers to the Ides of March
Of Writers And Their Books: Roma: from salt makers to the Ides of March. Tom reviews a sprawling historical novel, Roma, focusing upon two families present for an entire millennium merging in the person of Gaius Julius Caesar. This column first appeared 22 July 2007.
The next earlier Tom Chaney column: Davis McCombs in Lexington
Roma: from salt makers to the Ides of March
Steven Saylor is one of the most interesting writers to come down the pike in the last few years. I found the first of his "Roma Sub Rosa" series by accident one day in The Bookstore. You probably know by now that I am a fan of mystery and detective novels. Historical mysteries have of late intrigued me. Brother Cadfael in a monastery along the Welsh border in the twelfth century; Sister Fidelma, the Irish judge of the seventh century -- books about them and others have provided entertainment as well as great information about life in other times.
Saylor chose the Rome of Julius Caesar for the setting of his "Roma Sub Rosa" mysteries. His delightful detective, Gordianus the Finder, is a private eye clad in a toga.
Fifteen stories in this series have been published through 2015.
Recently Saylor took a breather from the Rome of Gordianus to look back at the history of Rome for the 1000 years prior to Gordianus in a sprawling historical novel, Roma, focusing upon two families present for the entire millennium merging in the person of Gaius Julius Caesar.
In the tenth century B.C., Lara and her father Larth are salt traders plying the river path along the Tiber from the sea to the foothills of the mountains where an island in the Tiber is guarded by seven hills. "Many people lived in the forests and grassy meadows of the foothills, gathered in small villages. In return for salt, these people would give Lara's people dried meat, animal skins, cloth spun from wool, clay pots, needles and scraping tools carved from bone, and little toys made of wood."
On one of these trips Lara meets Tarkitios. Larth, perceiving the approval of the spirits of the place, sends Lara to lie with him. Po, young friend of Lara and Larth, kills Tarkitios and claims the child of Tarkitios and Lara as his own.
Tarkitios had given Lara a golden amulet, a winged phallus, which Larth perceives to represent the numen or spirit of the place. That amulet becomes the unifying thread of the novel and of Rome's story. Those who wear it scarcely know its origins. Its significance increases over time -- changing like a kaleidoscope depending upon its wearer.
Around 850 B.C. the descendants of Lara founded a permanent settlement at the point which would become Rome -- a trading post along the path by the Tiber.
Within one hundred years the twins, Romulus and Remus, establish the city which will become the heart of the most powerful city-state empire in history.
Over the next centuries the Politia (the family of Lara) and the Pinaria intermarry from the era of the traitor Coriolanus down to the age of the Gracchus of which family came Gaius Julius Caesar in the first century B.C.
In an interview, Saylor talked a bit about the genesis of the story. He found his attention riveted on Rome's decadent height. Seeking the back story of Gordianus, Saylor became intrigued by the process of empire building from its early beginnings.
Saylor noted how fortunate we are to have the Roman storytellers such as Livy. "We know the names," he observed. After all, he continued, "we recount Roman history every time we say the months" of the year.
With the help of Saylor's most useful family tree and map showing the location of hills and shrines, I was not ready to come up for air on that fateful Ides of March in the forum when Brutus and his gang did in Caesar.
Saylor's prose is spare. His descriptions are not overblown. Yet I found the 500 plus pages all too brief. I kept seeing the possibility of other novels within the gaps of this story.
Were I to compare him to another writer, it would have to be Mary Renault whose multiple novels deal with the Greeks from the mythic Theseus down to the glory of the Athens of Plato and Socrates.
For leisurely summer reading, I suggest Steven Saylor. Great pleasure can come from either the epic Roma or the shorter mysteries featuring Gordianus the finder.
Steven Saylor website.
Empire (2010) is a follow-up to Roma
The volumes of the ROMA SUB ROSA series in chronological order:
Raiders of the Nile
Wrath of the Furies
Roman Blood
The House Of The Vestals
A Gladiator Dies Only Once
Arms Of Nemesis
Catilina's Riddle
The Venus Throw
A Murder On The Appian Way
Last Seen In Massilia
A Mist Of Prophecies
The Judgment of Caesar
The Triumph of Caesar
Tom Chaney: The Holy Communion of Rabbit Hunting
Mr. Peabody's Coal Train's Done Hauled it Away
Tom Chaney: Big Harp, Little Harp, and Billie Potts
Tom Chaney: Slip F-18, Bahia Mar, Fort Lauderdale
Tom Chaney: Money, Sex, and Murder
Tom Chaney: Night Rider: Idealism's Coil
Tom Chaney: Cyrus Edwards on the Elizabeth Wilson Family
Tom Chaney: Facts, Facts -- More Facts
Tom Chaney: What Might Have Been
Tom Chaney: Manhunt


A group of sixth-grade students in Milwaukee is kicking off Black History Month by paying homage to influential black figures.
From Biggie Smalls to Michelle Obama, students at Milwaukee College Prep are recreating iconic photos to honor people of color who have made huge impacts on society.
"When you look at TV, a lot people that look like us just aren't portrayed the way they should be and we want to make sure that black excellence is really shown on the higher platform," teacher Terrance Sims told InsideEdition.com.
Sims has the students read and research the people they will recreate. Thus far they've featured recreated photos of Assata Shakur, Stevie Wonder and Malcolm X, among many others.
They hope to have created at least 30 looks by the end of the month. A student photographer has been taking all the photos and Sims helps with the editing.
"The students are the brains behind the operation," Sims said.
Photos from the project that Sims posted to social media have been viewed by thousands.
"Youth need to see success, for them to look up and see students in their same city looking like success … I think it's really important," Sims said.


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Best Android Tablets in 2019
Best Android Tablets Android Central 2019
There aren't a ton of great Android tablets out there, but the Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 offers the best overall Android tablet experience of the bunch. It has a big screen, high-end specs, a stylus, and support for a full keyboard. It's expensive, and not the right pick for anyone who wants a smaller and more portable tablet, but as an all-around device, it can't be beaten. For those who have different needs (or budgets), there are a few other picks that work well as media consumption devices and won't break the bank.
Best Overall: Samsung Galaxy Tab S4
Productivity for Less: Samsung Galaxy Tab S5e
Powerful and Affordable: Huawei MediaPad M5 8.4
Big on a Small Budget: Amazon Fire HD 10
Cheap as it Gets: Amazon Fire HD 8
Best Overall — Samsung Galaxy Tab S4
The most important things to have in a full-size Android tablet are a great screen, loud speakers, strong build quality, and software that makes use of the extra screen size. That's what makes the Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 the best Android tablet.
Its spec sheet leaves little to be desired, with a super-fast Snapdragon 835 processor, 4GB of RAM, plenty of storage and well-optimized software. And because it's a Samsung product, you're getting a best-in-class display — coming in at 10.5 inches — and an amazing metal-and-glass build.
Beyond the specs, you get extras like great quad speakers, a microSD card slot and a stylus included in the box. And despite being thin and light, it gets great battery life. You can add a great first-party keyboard cover to get some work done, and then jump into the DeX desktop-style interface for a more laptop-like experience.
If you want an Android tablet and you're willing to spend the money, there's really nowhere else to go but the Galaxy Tab S4.
Best screen available on an Android tablet
S Pen stylus included in the box
Robust and beautiful metal-and-glass frame
First-party detachable keyboard support
High-quality quad speakers
Expensive if you're only a casual tablet user
Not suited for portrait or handheld use for long
The best Android tablet for most people
This is Samsung's best-ever tablet, and it's a single device that can do it all. Solid specs, a great display, and long battery life are all selling points.
Productivity for Less — Samsung Galaxy Tab S5e
The Galaxy Tab S4's capabilities — and price — are a bit overkill for most people. That's why Samsung makes the Galaxy Tab S5e. It's built on the same tenets as the Tab S4, but takes strategic cuts back in order to be more affordable — and that makes it extremely enticing.
You get the exact same 10.5-inch AMOLED display, which is a huge plus, as well as 4GB of RAM, 64GB of storage and high-quality quad speakers. The battery is a little smaller, and the Snapdragon 670 processor isn't going to blow you away with performance, but those are fine trade-offs for a $250 price drop.
The entire body is a sleek metal rather than glass, which may not feel quite as high-end but helps the Tab S5e be extremely light for its size at just 399 g (0.88 lb). That makes it great for media consumption and handheld use in ways the Tab S4 isn't — but you can still attach a hardware keyboard and jump into DeX desktop mode to get some serious work done just as well.
Super light for its size
Large high-quality screen
Quad speakers
Optional hardware keyboard cover
Productivity features including DeX Desktop
Not as powerful as Galaxy Tab S4
No stylus support
Productivity for Less
Get a high-quality tablet with productivity features for less.
If the Tab S4 looks appealing but is too expensive, the Tab S5e is for you. It will function the same in most aspects.
Powerful and Affordable — Huawei MediaPad M5 8.4
The MediaPad M5 8.4 isn't going to blow you away with amazing speakers or a class-leading display like the Galaxy Tab S4, nor does it have a companion stylus or a keyboard. But it has excellent build quality and great performance — plus, a Quad HD display.
Though Huawei makes a larger model (and even a Pro model that does support a pressure-sensitive stylus), the MediaPad M5 8.4 is the perfect size for comfortable, casual browsing and play. And the price is right for what it offers.
Good size for one-handed use
Good value considering its capabilities
Display doesn't match Samsung's quality
Software is lacking tablet optimizations
Powerful and Affordable
Powerful, yet affordable
This series of tablets leans more towards the midrange, but that's all you need for the majority of what most people do on their tablets.
Big on a Small Budget — Amazon Fire HD 10
The Amazon Fire HD 10 is one of those deals that's almost too good to pass up if you're after a device with a large screen but a small price tag. It's simply the best big Android tablet for doing the basics, from watching movies and TV shows to browsing and playing some casual games.
The big caveat to keep in mind with an Amazon Fire tablet is that you don't get the Google Play Store or Google's great apps and services — instead, you'll rely on the Amazon App Store, which has a dramatically limited app selection. But for this price and what you're likely to do with it, that's an okay trade-off for most.
Exceptional value for this size
Solid display
Amazon's apps get the basics done
Fun color options available
No access to Google Play apps
Cheap-feeling plastic body
Big on a Small Budget
Solid, budget-friendly tablet that gets the job done
The Fire HD 10 is all about giving you the basic tablet experience without the extra complication (and cost) of productivity features.
Cheap as it Gets — Amazon Fire HD 8
Amazon also makes the best super-inexpensive Android tablet available, the Fire HD 8. At $80 with 16GB of storage, it's an amazing deal. The smaller size makes it easy to toss in a bag and carry around or give to a child. And it's also light and easy to hold in one hand, making it good for reading.
Like the Fire HD 10 it doesn't have the Google Play Store or Google apps, but you're even more likely to look past that when you're spending under $100 on a tablet. This is a great choice for media consumption, browsing, or handing to your kids.
Small enough for kids to use
Fun color choices
Gets all of the basics done
Almost unbelievable price
Low-quality screen
Cheap-feeling plastic build
Cheap as it Gets
A light and portable tablet well under $100 — there isn't much you can complain about in that equation.
$80 at Amazon
The number of great Android tablet options is limited, but there are a few that are worthy of recommending. The best possible Android tablet experience comes from Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 with its high-end materials, great screen, capable software, and hardware keyboard support.
The Tab S4 is too expensive for many tablet buyers, but Samsung also makes a great alternative in the Galaxy Tab S5e. For $250 less, you're getting the same core experience and productivity features, in a lighter overall package, but with a few shortcomings in specs and frills.
For those who don't need every bell and whistle under the sun, the Amazon Fire HD 10 and Fire HD 8 offer a good media experience without costing you an arm and a leg — so long as you can live without Google Play services. If you need a bit more from your tablet but still want it in a handheld package, the MediaPad M5 8.4 won't leave you disappointed either.
Credits — The team that worked on this guide
Andrew Martonik is the Executive Editor, U.S. at Android Central. He has been a mobile enthusiast since the Windows Mobile days, and covering all things Android-related with a unique perspective at AC since 2012. For suggestions and updates, you can reach him at andrew.martonik@androidcentral.com or on Twitter at @andrewmartonik.
Jerry Hildenbrand is Mobile Nation's Senior Editor and works from a Chromebook full time. Currently, he is using Google's Pixelbook but is always looking at new products and may have any Chromebook in his hands at any time. You'll find him across the Mobile Nations network and you can hit him up on Twitter if you want to say hey.
Daniel Bader is the Managing Editor of Android Central. As he's writing this, a mountain of old Android phones is about to fall on his head, but his Great Dane will protect him. He drinks way too much coffee and sleeps too little. He wonders if there's a correlation.
Protect the flame!
Best cases for Amazon Fire HD 8 Tablets
These are handy little devices, but you'll want to protect it with a decent case.
Go ahead and drop it
These are the best cases for the Amazon Fire HD 10
The Amazon Fire HD 10 may be more affordable than most tablets, but you'll still want to keep it protected with a case!
The best cases for the Samsung Galaxy Tab S3
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S3 is still among the best Android tablets you can buy — and you're going to want to keep it protected with a case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To many men and women yoga is a mind exercise. However, it's a good body exercise as well. Power yoga is a form of cardio-conditioning, a fast paced full body exercise that will have yogis gaining strength and losing pounds at the same time.
It's the Western world's take on the self-guided path towards growth or awakening that originated many centuries ago. It has become a staple in fitness centers around the world, making the exercise of yoga mainstream.
Power yoga has a focus on building flexibility and strength through common postures. Generally, it's a faster paced when compared to other practices, however, is adapted for absolute beginners easily.
Through controlled movement and meditation mental stress and physical discomfort is relieved.
It helps strengthen joints as well as muscles.
The sports experts are recognizing the benefits athletes can experience from power yoga. It makes them less prone to injury. A lot of basketball players, bicyclists, triathletes, and golf players practice it.
This form of yoga, just like a lot of other types, can be practiced at almost any age since alterations are offered with every posture. This makes it a highly beneficial for of exercise regardless of how long one has practiced. After leaving power yoga class an exerciser will feel more in balance with mind/body/spirit because classes have a focus on integrating all elements of the yoga.


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How do states address the behavior of youth that is illegal by virtue of their status as a minor? A wide range of non-criminal behaviors by youth are grouped as status offenses. Status offenses include truancy, running away home, being beyond their parents' or guardians' ability to safely manage them, curfew violation, and underage consumption of alcohol or tobacco. Many agencies other than juvenile courts are involved in responding to status offenses, and states differ on the labels they create for these categories of youth and the behaviors included in each category. Charting these various approaches across states along with data concerning the prevalence of status offenders can help advance the ongoing national discussion on the most appropriate ways to respond to youth whose behavior may violate societal boundaries or rules, rather than the criminal law.
State juvenile justice statutes apply different legal labels to youth who commit status offenses. Researchers at times have associated the labels to legislative intent indicating a child welfare orientation on one side of the spectrum and a public safety approach on the other. In the middle are labels that imply a need for services and supervision. Some states require multiple labels because they split status offenses into more than one category. More information on status offense reform is available at the VERA Institute's Status Offense Reform Center and in a study of the competing underlying philosophies in state status offender legislation, Responding to Troubled Youth (1997).
States with multiple labels
No specific label: Other: Data not available:
In need of aid, assistance, or care includes labels such as Child in Need of Aid, Child in Need of Care, Child Requiring Assistance, and Families in Need of Assistance.
In need of services includes labels such as Children in Need of Protection or Services, Child in Need of Services (CHINS), Family in Need of Services (FINS), Family in Need of Court-Ordered Services, Family With Service Needs (FWSN), and Juvenile Alleged to Be in Need of Protection or Services.
In need of supervision includes labels such as Child in Need of Supervision (CHINS) and Person in Need of Supervision (PINS).
Unruly includes labels such as incorrigible, undisciplined juvenile, unruly, and wayward.
Status offender includes labels such as juvenile petty offender, delinquent youth, and status offender.
Some states have multiple labels for status offenders depending on the type of non-criminal offense or situational factors, such as Alabama (Status Offender and Child in Need of Supervision), Illinois (Minor Requiring Authoritative Intervention and Truant Minor in Need of Supervision), Iowa (Chronic Runaways and Families in Need of Assistance), Minnesota (Juvenile Petty Offender and Children in Need of Protection or Services), Washington (At-Risk Youth, Truant, and Child in Need of Services), and Virginia (Child in Need of Services, Child in Need of Supervision, and Status Offender).
Download this data
States differ in the age boundaries established for delinquency and status offense jurisdiction. These differences impact how juvenile courts and other social services are organized and resourced. Gaps between the status offense and delinquency age boundary in 9 states create unusual structural contradictions where status offense jurisdiction extends beyond delinquency jurisdiction.
The nation's farthest reaching federal legislation is the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA). Enacted in 1974, the Act states that status offenders shall not be placed in secure detention facilities or secure correctional facilities. The Act was amended in 1984 with a controversial exception known as the valid court order exception (VCO). The VCO relaxes JJDPA secure detention restrictions for youth charged with non-criminal behavior who are in violation of a valid court order. More information is available on the OJJDP Core Requirements website and on the federal policy page of the Coalition for Juvenile Justice's website.
Case flow of petitioned status offense cases by detention
All offenses
Note: Detained case counts for individual race groups can be very small.
Thirty-four states publicly report information about status offense and delinquency cases. Methods of reporting vary between states such as combining traffic citations with delinquent offenses whereas others include only misdemeanors and felonies in their delinquency figures. Additionally, these states report data about multiple stages of the juvenile justice system, such as referrals, petitions, and adjudications. Case rates for status offense cases are often lower than for delinquency cases in juvenile courts. The units of count for court statistics presented below vary by state, which often makes direct comparisons impractical and inaccurate. Where possible, a count based on the number of cases disposed is displayed. Additionally, 5 states that do not publicly report status offense cases report cases to NCJJ through the Easy Access to State and County Juvenile Court Case Counts online tool (Alabama, Florida, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, and Virginia). View each state's profile by clicking on state names for the case totals, detailed footnotes and links to source information. More information concerning delinquency and status offense case counts is also available in the Juvenile Court Statistics report series.
Per 1,000 youth from age 10 to the upper age boundary for each state
Fourteen states do not report data: Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, New York, South Carolina, and South Dakota.
Progressive data 2016
As illustrated in the above topic, some basic court referral information is available in several states. However, only a few states report nuances annually, such as the underlying behavior that generated a referral such as running away or truancy. Even fewer states use administrative data to report the diversion of status offense referrals and juvenile court hearing outcomes.
Click a state to see a summary of its policies and more information.
Juvenile justice services Systems integration


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MLB essays
World Series MVP Steve Pearce was a senior sign
The first team that picked him and didn't sign him? The Red Sox.
By Tim Huwe Oct 29, 2018, 3:00pm CDT
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When talking about the college draft, a few terms become tossed around. Slot-level and buying a player out of his college commitment are two. One of the major ones is the term "senior sign." While it isn't used as a slur, it similarly isn't often used as a compliment. Teams have six or seven affiliate rosters to fill out, and adding a college senior is an inexpensive way to plug in a player. 2018 World Series Most Valuable Player Steve Pearce was a senior sign. Sunday night, he hit two home runs, and won a trophy and a truck.
When a player is selected as a senior sign, it doesn't mean he's unwanted or unusable. A player just out of high school, or as a college junior, has leverage. As such, the professional organization needs to compete to sign him. The player with leverage can usually return to school (junior) or honor a college commitment (out of the prep ranks). As a college senior, the other options aren't.
He can either take the deal of the team offering, or turn to the independent ball ranks. Or, get about his post-baseball life. The pay in indy ball is no better than the pittance offered by a MLB franchise. In many cases, the player will take the pittance offered, and attempt to infiltrate the upper-rungs of the minors. Pearce's signing bonus in 2005 was $40,000, which is really good for a college senior.
In his two Division 1 seasons, he hit 21 homers. Both times. Despite that, nobody prioritized him as a draft selection, even though he was slugging his way through the elite Southeastern Conference (South Carolina). Part of the reason was that he was considered a first baseman with a slight chance at a corner outfield spot. Another drawback was that the college bats back then were drivers, as compared to the three-irons used today. Seeing a 21-homer season with an OPS over 1.070 was less notable then.
A 2005 draft selection (after being drafted and not signed by the Red Sox in 2004), Pearce reached MLB per diem by 2007, and has 90 regular-season homers since. He fit snugly into the Red Sox lineup after a mid-season trade from the Blue Jays in June for Santiago Espinal, who has now more than lived up to his signing bonus.
The college baseball landscape is currently filled with players who could potentially end up as useful as pros as Pearce seemed in college. It's about wanting to have a college team to follow. For some, that's a road too far. As one of the Twitter discussions last night progressed, baseball fans aren't necessarily baseball fans anymore. Many baseball fans will watch every game involving their team, but few others. A possible asterisk would be if your team is out, but you like another team still playing.
Yes, the hardcores were likely watching last night. The fringe fans, as indicated by television numbers, were doing other things. Why wouldn't a baseball fan be interested enough in the World Series to follow it? That's a different article, I suppose. There are benefits, though, for having a baseball team you care about other than the major league Chicago Cubs.
When you have another squad you pay attention to, you get to be happy for players who take a different path to success. Pearce's is a story of "doing what you do, and doing it well." While I'm not a Red Sox fan, I'm glad a player like Pearce got his moment in the sun. He earned it. Not all players that spin this baseball mechanism we follow are early draft selections. Not all were heavily sought in the selection process. I'm sure a few regulars down in Columbia, South Carolina have a few fun stories about Pearce.
Aside from wins and losses, baseball is about stories. The game is about perseverance. About players fighting through obstacles. Pearce pulled that off this week, and it can't be taken away, now. Baseball's is a large enough landscape to appreciate another team. Following a college team isn't all that conflicting to following a big league club. Especially since box scores and articles can summarize game action reasonably well. If you follow a college team that's good enough, you have a few shots at a Pearce-like story every season. Which gives you a better reason to follow a World Series that (unfortunately) didn't involve the Cubs.


International team of 45 schoolchildren from Mongolia and Russia (Republic of Tuva) met to study and practice nature conservation.
WWF regularly supports Ubsunur Eco-School as a key activity to strengthen the international cooperation between protected areas of both countries in the field of ecological interpretation. It is also a chance to encourage new generation to explore and experience the nature and identify new devoted employees.
'It is the ninth season of the International Eco-School but the first time we've met so many participants, says Vladimir Kanzai, the Head of Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina Nature Reserve. This year the children of four districts of Republic of Tuva took part in the school activities. All of them are the leaders of eco-teams or winners of school eco-quests. Next year Mongolia will host the event and we are planning to send as many children as possible".
The school participants had eco-quests, lessons and lectures on nature conservation. The children had a chance to meet real rangers and spend time right in the field visiting the area of Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina Nature Reserve that is usually closed for the visitors. There were the master-class on painting on rocks, dances and meeting new people and friends from "Blue Bird", the Club of WWF Friends located in Kyzyl, the capital of Tuva.
The Ubsunur (Uvs Nuur) Hollow (Basin), one of the most special and interesting places in Central Asia, is located in Mongolia and Russia. It is the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. Therefore such international exchange is vitally important for the dwellers of two neighboring countries.


TrustStar Insurance Services provides insurance to septic contractors in Universal City, San Antonio, New Braunfels, Alamo Heights, Schertz, Helotes, and surrounding areas.
Septic contractors have unique needs for their business, including their business insurance policies. As with any other business, you will want to keep your assets protected. TrustStar Insurance Services will work with you to find the coverage that is right for you.
Contact a representative at TrustStar Insurance Services to set up a consultation.


LinuxSampler 0.5.1 (console window), JSampler "Fantasia" 0.8a and gigedit 0.1.1 in action on the Windows operating system. These are the versions coming with the first official Windows installer "20071207".
Fantasia - A JSampler distribution with a modern skin based view.
This is our brand new instrument editor called gigedit. It's yet in an early alpha stage (v0.0.3, March 2007), but already capable of managing almost all aspects of the Gigasampler format, allowing to edit existing .gig files as well as creating new ones completely from scratch. Due to the early development state however, please make sure to backup your .gig files before editing them with gigedit.
Windows XP (default theme), Windows XP (classic theme).
A screenshot of qsampler, LinuxSampler's official GUI frontend written in Qt. Instructions for compiling and running the GUI can be found here.
This is the device management dialog in QSampler. LinuxSampler allows to use more than one (MIDI / audio) driver and more than one instance of the same driver at the same time. A driver instance is called a "device" in QSampler / LinuxSampler. With this dialog you can manually create and destroy MIDI and audio devices and alter their parameters as well as their MIDI port / audio channel parameters. As all driver informations are retrieved at runtime by QSampler, the current version will even be capable to manage future drivers with all their parameters without any need to update QSampler.
Some old screenshot from qsampler.
LinuxSampler running on a virtual console without GUI frontend.
JS Classic with left pane, LS console, statusbar and toolbars.
JS Classic without left pane, LS console, statusbar and toolbars.
More screenshots will be added. If you're a talented GUI designer/developer or a 2D/3D artist, please join us by subscribing to the linuxsampler-devel mailing list.


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Q: Custom C# Installer using MEF My company is currently building a custom installer the approach we are using is a main exe that loads custom built dlls using mef then calls each dll to do there specific job unpack files create registry entries install windows service etc.
Each dll does its own isolated install job.
We also want to handle uninstall and rollback, and we do not want to use msi or wix or any other install interface just solely c#.
Is this a good approach to building a custom installer? Any ideas on how to handle the rollback and uninstall will we run into problems using this approach?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Attorney General Josh Stein Announces More Than $1 Million in Environmental Grants in Eastern North Carolina
RALEIGH (STL.News) Attorney General Josh Stein today announced $1,099,449 in grants to protect and improve the environment in eastern North Carolina through the Environmental Enhancement Grant (EEG) program. Across the state, Attorney General Stein will award nearly $3 million in grants to 22 grantees. That includes 10 construction projects; five planning, research and education projects; three land acquisition projects; and four small grants.
Awards include:
Bertie County
Bertie County will receive $125,000 to restore 147 acres on the Albemarle Sound in the Chowan River Basin and Salmon Creek Preserve to capture stormwater, reduce erosion, improve water quality, and improve wildlife habitats and native plant growth.
"As North Carolina's Attorney General, I take seriously my responsibility to protect the air we breathe and the water we drink," said Attorney General Josh Stein. "I am pleased to support this important project for the Chowan River."
"We are very grateful to the Attorney General's Office for funding to initiate key environmental enhancement measures," said Chairman Ronald Wesson. "We, the Commissioners, are committed to protecting our natural resources and look forward to providing sustainable eco-tourism activities in Bertie County. This funding will allow us to take that very important first step – the restoration of natural areas bordering the Albemarle Sound and the Salmon Creek State Natural Area."
Carteret County
The NC Coastal Federation will receive $185,653 to restore Bogue Sound water access. The project includes restoring 850 linear feet of living shoreline and restoring .6 acres of salt marsh to prevent erosion, improve water quality, and create aquatic habitats.
"North Carolina's beautiful shoreline is one of our greatest assets," said Attorney General Josh Stein. "I am pleased to support this project to maintain and preserve it."
READ Owner of Wilson's Wild Animal Park, Keith A. Wilson and Nephew Indicted on Animal Cruelty Charges
"We are thrilled to be a recipient of this grant," said Dr. Lexia Weaver, Coastal Scientist for the North Carolina Coastal Federation. "We are eager to work with Carteret County to protect this shoreline from future erosion from storms, while at the same time preserving and restoring critical salt marsh and oyster habitat. The living shoreline will demonstrate a more effective, economical and longer term technique to protect shorelines from erosion when compared to bulkheads and seawalls."
Carteret and Hyde Counties
The North Carolina Division of Soil and Water Conservation will receive $208,000 to restore stream and marsh sill and construct living shoreline in areas where there are outstanding resource waters, nutrient sensitive areas, significant natural areas, or properties where infrastructure is in jeopardy. The project also includes an educational component.
"Protecting our water resources is critically important – as is ensuring that we learn from our conservation efforts," said Attorney General Josh Stein. "I am pleased to support this project that will make a significant difference to counties in eastern North Carolina."
The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission will receive $250,000 to educate commercial agricultural producers about and implement conservation farming techniques, including field buffers, native plantings, prescribed burn, and restoration of longleaf pine savannas.
"The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission will use these funds to do important work with commercial farmers," said Attorney General Josh Stein. "As a result, habitats will be preserved and conservation efforts in our state will be strengthened."
"The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission is honored to have received a 2020 Environmental Enhancement Grant to support the Corporate CURE (Cooperative Upland habitat Restoration and Enhancement) Program," said Benjy Strope, CURE/SEFA Management Biologist. "Funding will allow us to maintain and develop early successional habitat on lands owned by commercial agricultural producers. This management benefits water quality and numerous game and non-game species, particularly those of greatest conservation need."
READ Ana Duarte Pineda Sentenced for Methamphetamine Distribution
Pitt County
The City of Greenville will receive $88,775 to restore a 75 foot section of the Green Mill Run Streambank. Doing so will prevent further erosion and sedimentation and preserve the existing greenway.
"Greenways and riverfronts are just two examples of how a well-preserved environment can bring activity to a community," said Attorney General Josh Stein. "I am pleased to help the City of Greenville protect these important assets."
"That Greenville will be receiving an Environmental Enhancement Grant for streambank restoration along the Green Mill Run comes as extremely good news, as the environmental quality of our streams in rivers is of high importance to our city, residents, and visitors," said Gary Fenton, City of Greenville Director of Parks and Recreation. "This eroding stretch of streambank is in proximity to our greenway, and just upstream from where the Green Mill Run flows into the Tar River, so the project will protect both the stream's and the river's water quality and the structural integrity of the greenway, a very popular and well-used public amenity here in Greenville."
Waterkeepers North Carolina will receive $188,000 to research microplastic pollution in 30 streams and rivers, identify types of microplastics, and estimate loading rates from stormwater.
"It is critically important that we do everything we can to address pollution in our invaluable water sources," said Attorney General Josh Stein. "I appreciate the work Waterkeepers North Carolina does to do just that, and I am pleased to provide them with this additional funding."
UNC Charlotte will receive $101,792 to research whether biosolid land application contributes to PFAS occurrence in surface water, groundwater, and soil statewide.
READ Florida Man Mawdo Malick Sallah And South Carolina Man Indicted
"I am extremely concerned about the presence of forever chemicals like PFAS in our drinking water," said Attorney General Josh Stein. "I am suing DuPont over its role in polluting our water with PFAS. I am pleased to be supporting this work that will help inform our state's efforts to clean up the mess these dangerous chemicals have created."
"PFAS contamination has caused widespread health concerns among our residents in NC," said Mei Sun, Assistant Professor and Lead Researcher at UNC Charlotte. "This project is to provide information to policymakers, water engineers, and community stakeholders to better understand if biosolids land application will contribute PFAS to our precious water resources, improve PFAS exposure assessment, and guide sustainable applications of biosolids in affected areas."
About the EEG Program
These funds are distributed through the Environmental Enhancement Grant (EEG) program, which began after an agreement between the Attorney General's Office and Smithfield Foods in 2000. Under that agreement, Smithfield provides the Department of Justice $2 million each year for environmental projects across the state.
Due to ongoing litigation, this year's is the second grant cycle since 2016. This grant cycle includes the distribution of nearly $3 million to 22 grantees. Earlier in 2020, Attorney General Stein distributed more than $3.5 million to 27 grantees.
Josh Stein Wikipedia Page
Can also be viewed on USA News Today
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Home Entertainment Gray's Anatomy: 7 times Meredith Gray almost died
Gray's Anatomy: 7 times Meredith Gray almost died
Leonard Manson
Gray's Anatomy: For a protagonist, Meredith Gray has certainly flirted with death several times in Gray's Anatomy. In fact, anyone who is a fan of the series knows very well that the producers are not afraid to put our favorite characters in situations of life and death.
So, as much as Meredith is the main character, it's hard not to hold your breath every time she gets – again – close to joining Derek, Lexie, Mark, George and so many others.
Do you remember the times when she almost passed away? Here we separate the most exciting and dangerous moments for the doctor's life.
See 7 times that Meredith almost died in Gray's Anatomy:
7. Bomb explosion
Meredith came out unscathed from Season 1 (I mean, if we don't count the fact that she finds out that Derek was married). The same cannot be said of season 2, when, in episodes 16 and 17, she participated in the case of a patient who had a bomb about to explode inside his chest.
Only Burke, Meredith, the anesthesiologist and Hannah, the paramedic who held the pump inside the patient, stayed in the operating room. When Hannah panics and takes her hand, Meredith quickly takes her place, putting her life on the line to save the patient. Fortunately, for her, the bomb squad manages to remove the explosive, saving the doctors, but exploding just a few steps from the operating room.
6. Drowning
In episode 15 of Season 3 of Gray's Anatomy, Meredith almost drowned. She was at the scene of a ship crash screening patients when one of them accidentally pushed her into the water. The only witness was a lost little girl who managed to point at Derek where Meredith had fallen.
In the next episode, Seattle Grace's doctors do everything to save Meredith's life, while she has hallucinations involving Denny Duquette, the head of the bomb squad, and her own mother.
The episodes entitled "Sactuary", 23 and 24 of the 6th season, are undoubtedly some of the saddest in the entire medical series. To avenge his wife's death, a man goes to Seattle Grace hospital with a gun, planning to kill Lexie, Richard and Derek. On the way to them, he shoots several other hospital employees, until he finds Derek and shoots him.
While Cristina operates Derek to save her life, Meredith undergoes a miscarriage and even offers her life in exchange for Derek's. The sniper considers it and she almost loses her life again, but Owen is shot instead.
4. Plane crash
Following the list of the saddest episodes of Gray's Anatomy, we also have the plane crash that took Mark and Lexie's life, in addition to causing the complications that caused Arizona to lose its leg.
Although Meredith suffered only minor injuries, the accident was one of the most serious of all seasons in the series and could easily have taken the character's life.
3. Childbirth
In the season finale of season 9, Meredith almost bleeds to death during the delivery of her baby with Derek. Since the drama is never enough on the show, the hospital's energy is gone and Bailey needs to stop the bleeding in the dark!
Fortunately, everything works out in the end and Meredith and Derek decide to name the child Bailey in honor of the mentor who conducted the delivery.
2. Beatings
In episode 9 of season 12, Meredith is still trying to deal with Derek's death when a patient attacks her. He did not want to do this, but he was in an aggressive state after a seizure, and ended up seriously injuring the doctor.
Although she survived, Meredith lost her hearing and suffered other serious injuries, needing a long recovery time before returning to practice medicine.
1. Covid-19 pandemic
In Season 17 of Gray's Anatomy, doctors at Gray Sloan Hospital are dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. With the beds all occupied and in the midst of all the doctors' problems, Meredith is ill and goes through most of the episodes unconscious.
Her state of health causes her to hallucinate and dream of a beach, on which she found many of the people she lost. Derek, George, Mark and Lexie are some of the characters who returned in the season to try to help Meredith to cure the disease, even if in a dream.
So, which of those times when Meredith almost died was the most exciting for you? Leave your comment below and share the article on social networks!
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Tactile hand-built oak barrel wine bottle holder. Capable of finely balancing a full bottle of wine by shifting the bottles centre of gravity to the point of equilibrium. Strong, durable, simple beauty to be enjoyed and loved! These gravity displays make an excellent piece to put on your countertop or table.
-Handcrafted in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Dimensions (approx. varies few inch per piece): L: 10 ½ inches. W: 2 inches.
These beautiful staves come right from a red wine barrel. The burgundy stain on the backside is the stain leftover from the red wine once housed in the barrel.


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Peregrine Falcon, November 23, 2021
Bufflehead, November 26, 2021
November-26-2021-13187-Final
Anna's Hummingbird, November 23, 2021
Northern Flicker, November 23, 2021
Id Required. November 23, 2021
Dunlin, November 23, 2021
Female Mallard Duck, November 21, 2021
Male Mallard Duck, November 21, 2021
Female American Wigeon, November 21, 2021
Sora, November 21, 2021
Sunset, November 21, 2021
Common Merganser, November 16, 2021
Dark-Eyed Junco, November 24, 2021
Song Sparrow, November 24, 2021
Black-Capped Chickadee, November 24, 2021
November-4-2021-9390-Final
Northern Shoveler Pair, November 3, 2021
American Wigeon, November 4, 2021
November-5-2021-10147-Final
Lesser Snow Geese, November 5, 2021
Eurasian Collared-Dove, November 5, 2021
Northern Pintails, November 5, 2021
Lesser Snow Geese with other waterfowl, November 5, 2021
Boundary Bay Shoreline, November 5, 2021
Juvenile Bald Eagle, November 5, 2021
Lesser Snow Geese with Northern Pintails and American Wigeons, November 5, 2021
Song Sparrow, November 3, 2021
Fall in Vancouver, October 19, 2019
American Wigeon, October 13, 202
Leucistic Mallard Duck, October 13, 202
Mallard Duck, October 13, 202
Anna's Hummingbird, October 13, 2021
Anna's Hummingbird, October 13, 2021
Douglas Squirrel, October 13, 2021
Watershed Trail, October 18, 2021
Golden-Crowned Kinglet, October 1, 2021
Swainson's Thrush, October 1, 2021
Swainson's Thrush, October 1, 2021
Great Blue Heron, October 13, 2021
Black-Capped Chickadee, October 1, 2021
Downy Woodpecker, October 1, 2021
Misty Day in the Woods, October 17, 2021
Barred Owl, August 23, 2021
Barred Owl, September 2, 2021
Bee, September 3, 2021
Swainson's Thrush, September 16, 2021
Swainson's Thrush, September 16, 2021
Barred Owl, September 21, 2021
Seagull, August 15, 2021
Bald Eagle and Nest, April 17, 2021
Great Blue Heron in Flight, March 26, 2021
Leucistic Mallard, July 25, 2021
Silver River, August 29, 2021
Harrison Lake, August 29, 2021
Tree Swallow, April 5, 2021
Cedar Waxwing, July 10, 2021
Western Tanager, July 1, 2021
Spotted Towhee, July 1, 2021
Red-breasted Nuthatch, August 16, 2021
Bonaparte's Gull, August 15, 2021
Bonaparte's Gull, August 15, 2021
Chestnut-backed chickadee, August 15, 2021
Seagull fledgling, August 15, 2021
Killdeer, August 15, 2021
Great Blue Heron, July 20, 2021
American Robin Eating a Worm, July 19, 2021
Flycatcher, July 19, 2021
Great Blue Heron, July 1, 2021
White-Crowned Sparrow, April 19, 2021
Bald Eagle, April 17, 2021
Wildflowers, July 19, 2021
Sandhill Crane Stretches Wing, July 2, 2021
Downy Woodpecker Mid-Blink, July 19, 2021
Eastern Kingbird, July 19, 2021
Sandhill Crane, July 17, 2021
Seagull, July 19, 2021
Sandhill Crane Colt, July 2, 2021
Male Wood Duck, July 2, 2021
Anna's Hummingbird Mid-Blink, July 2, 2021
Anna's Hummingbird Mid-Blink, July 2, 2021
Osprey in flight, June 23, 2021
Bald Eagle, July 4, 2021
Skwellepil Creek (Feeds into Chehalis Lake), July 9, 2021
Waterfall in Skwellepil Creek/Chehalis Lake, July 10, 2021
Night sky over Chehalis Lake, July 10, 2021
Night sky over Chehalis Lake Shore with boat, July 10, 2021
Sandhill Crane and Colt, July 2, 2021
House Sparrow, July 2, 2021
Two Hairy Woodpeckers on Side of Tree, July 1, 2021
Juvenile Tree Swallow, June 19 2021
Anna's Hummingbird, June 19 2021
Anna's Hummingbird, June 19 2021
European Starling Flock + Two Imposters, June 19 2021
Song Sparrow, May 7 2021
Douglas Squirrel, May 1 2021
Raven, May 1, 2021
Chipmunk, May 21, 2021
Dark-Eyed Junco, April 2 2021
Maple Tree, May 11, 2021
White Flowers, May 13, 2021
Wisteria Blooms, May 13 2021
Red-Breasted Nuthatch, May 12, 2021
Possibly Oyster Mushrooms, May 12, 2021
Dogwood Flower, May 12, 2021
Barred Owl, May 12, 2021
Spotted Towhee, April 8, 2021
Spotted Towhee, March 17, 2021
Redwing Blackbird, April 30, 2021
European Starling, April 30, 2021
Pileated Woodpecker, March 31, 2021
Female Pileated Woodpecker, April 19, 2021
Black Capped Chickadee in Blossoms
Black Capped Chickadee in Blossoms, Having a Snack
Dark-Eyed Junco, April 25, 2021
Cherry Blossoms, April 20, 2021
Fern and Moss on a Log
Bald Eagle, January 23, 2021
Juvenile Bald Eagle, January 23, 2021
Mud Bay Winter Sky, January 22, 2021
Mud Bay Sunset, January 22, 2021
Stellers Jay, April 21, 2021
Pacific Bushtit, April 21, 2021
House Finch, April 1, 2021
Mallard Duck, March 15, 2021
Barred Owl, March 16, 2021
Female Pileated Woodpecker, March 16, 2021
Dark-Eyed Junco, March 17, 2021
Black Capped Chickadee, March 25, 2021
Bewicks Wren Nesting, March 26, 2021
River in Lynn Valley
Dragonfly, May 10, 2020
Bee, May 10, 2020
Ant, May 5, 2020
Bee on a Log, June 11, 2020
Giraffes, August 2019
Dragonfly, June 11, 2020
Thomson's Gazelle, August 2019
Thomson's Gazelle, August 2019
Wildebeest, August 2019
Cape Buffalo, August 2019
Superb Starling, August 2019
Zebras in the Mara, August 2019
Bee on a Flower, August 2019
Tree in the Mara, August 2019
Lioness with a Kill, August 2019
Young Male Lion, August 2019
Hyrax, August 2019
Young Giraffe, August 2019
Elephant Male, August 2019
Kramer, a Moluccan Cockatoo
Finch, March 2019
Rudy, an African Grey Parrot
Zebra Finch, March 2019
Gidget, a Citron-Crested Cockatoo at Bloedel Conservatory
Gidget, a Citron-Crested Cockatoo at Bloedel Conservatory, March 2019
Female Eclectus Parrot, Bloedel Conservatory
Under the Dome, Bloedel Conservatory
Bee, July 10, 2018
Anna's Hummingbird in Flight, July 21, 2018
Anna's Hummingbird in Flight, July 21, 2018
Kea at the Woodland Park Zoo, July 16, 2017
Leucistic Cockatiel at the Woodland Park Zoo, July 16, 2017
Chilean Flamingo, Woodland Park Zoo, July 16, 2021
Lola the Aplomado Falcon at the Woodland Park Zoo, July 16, 2017
Taveta Golden-Weaver, Woodland Park Zoo, July 16, 2017
Jaguar, Woodland Park Zoo, July 16, 2017
Male African Lion at the Woodland Park Zoo, July 16, 2017
Asian Small-Clawed Otter, Woodland Park Zoo, July 16, 2017
Flowers, August 2015
Flower with Water Drops, August 2015
Covered Path, August 2015
Butterfly, August 2015
Little E, August 2015
Flamingos, August 2015
Princess Parrot
Song Sparrow, February 13, 2019
Male Wood Duck, May 5, 2017


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Droga krajowa 432 () – niemiecka droga krajowa przebiegająca z Hamburga od węzła Hamburg-Schnelsen Nord na autostradzie A7 przez Norderstedt, Bad Segeberg do autostrady A1 na węźle Scharbeutz w Szlezwiku-Holsztynie.

Części drogi zostały wybudowane jako droga utwardzona w 1840 r. i były drogą łączącą Hamburg z Lubeką.

Zobacz też
 Autostrady w Niemczech
 lista dróg krajowych w Niemczech

Drogi krajowe w Hamburgu
Drogi krajowe w Szlezwiku-Holsztynie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sonya Spreen Bates
Everyone expected Leon Kline, anchor for the 4x100 sprint relay, to secure Gilburn High's spot in the record books. But a freak accident on the final stretch changes everything. Suddenly his future is gone. No more running, no scholarship, no college. But then he meets sassy and straight-talking Casey De Vries, and life doesn't look quite so bleak. She even gets him running again. He can't sprint anymore, but he can handle longer distances. As he gets to know Casey better, he realizes that something is not quite right. How can he help her if she won't tell him what's going on?
Sonya Spreen Bates is a Canadian writer living in South Australia. She grew up in Victoria, British Columbia, where she obtained a degree in linguistics from the University of Victoria. She then...
Fourteen-year-old Dylan is sent to live with his estranged grandfather, Angus. Basically strangers, the two avoid each other as best they can. One day Dylan discovers a young orca stranded high up on the rocky beach. Dylan runs to tell his grandfather. There's nothing that can be done, says Angus. The sun is coming up, and soon the orca will die of exposure.
But Dylan knows he has to try to save the whale. He collects towels to cover the delicate skin of the orca and begins transporting buckets of water from the ocean below to keep it hydrated. It's grueling work, and it will be hours before the tide comes back in and the water is high enough for the orca to swim free. Angus is moved by his grandson's determination and helps as best he can. They both desperately hope that soon the orca will be able to join its family, who have been calling out to it just offshore.
On the Rocks is an inspiring story about the ups and downs of family.
Wild and Crooked
Critically-acclaimed author Leah Thomas blends a small-town setting with the secrets of a long-ago crime, in a compelling novel about breaking free from the past.
In Samsboro, Kentucky, Kalyn Spence's name is inseparable from the brutal murder her father committed when he was a teenager. Forced to return to town, Kalyn must attend school under a pseudonym . . . or face the lingering anger of Samsboro's citizens, who refuse to forget the crime.
Gus Peake has never had the luxury of redefining himself. A Samsboro native, he's either known as the "disabled kid" because of his cerebral palsy, or as the kid whose dad was murdered. Gus just wants to be known as himself.
When Gus meets Kalyn, her frankness is refreshing, and they form a deep friendship. Until their families' pasts emerge. And when the accepted version of the truth is questioned, Kalyn and Gus are caught in the center of a national uproar. Can they break free from a legacy of inherited lies and chart their own paths forward?
No and Me
Parisian teenager Lou has an IQ of 160, OCD tendencies, and a mother who has suffered from depression for years. But Lou is about to change her life-and that of her parents-all because of a school project about homeless teens. While doing research, Lou meets No, a teenage girl living on the streets. As their friendship grows, Lou bravely asks her parents if No can live with them, and is astonished when they agree. No's presence forces Lou's family to come to terms with a secret tragedy. But can this shaky, newfound family continue to live together when No's own past comes back to haunt her?
Winner of the prestigious Booksellers' Prize in France, No and Me is a timely and thought-provoking novel about homelessness that has far-reaching appeal.
This Is All Your Fault Cassie...
Terra Elan McVoy
In this heartwarming companion to Drive Me Crazy, twelve-year-old Fiona Coppleton is living a middle schooler's worst nightmare: her diary was made public and her best friend is partly to blame.
Fiona and Cassie are supposed to be best friends forever. No one else listens or makes Fiona laugh like Cassie, and that meant everything when Fiona's parents were divorcing. They love each other in spite of their (many) differences, and even though Cassie cares a little too much about being popular, Fiona can't imagine life without her.
Until Fiona's diary is stolen by the most popular girls at school, and her most secret thoughts are read out loud on the bus. Even worse: Cassie was there, and she didn't do anything to stop it. Now, for some reason, she's ignoring Fiona. Suddenly the whole world has shifted.
Life without a best friend is confusing, scary, maybe impossible. But as Fiona navigates a summer of big changes, she learns more about herself—and friendship—than she ever thought possible.
The epic third novel in the #1 New York Times bestselling Court of Thorns and Roses series by Sarah J. Maas.
Feyre has returned to the Spring Court, determined to gather information on Tamlin's actions and learn what she can about the invading king threatening to bring her land to its knees. But to do so she must play a deadly game of deceit. One slip could bring doom not only for Feyre, but for everything-and everyone-she holds dear.
As war bears down upon them all, Feyre endeavors to take her place amongst the High Fae of the land, balancing her struggle to master her powers-both magical and political-and her love for her court and family. Amidst these struggles, Feyre and Rhysand must decide whom to trust amongst the cunning and lethal High Lords, and hunt for allies in unexpected places.
In this thrilling third book in the #1 New York Times bestselling series from Sarah J. Maas, the fate of Feyre's world is at stake as armies grapple for power over the one thing that could destroy it.
Ellie's New Home
Becky Citra
Ellie and her little brother Max find themselves moving from their grandmother's comfortable home in England to Upper Canada. Their mother is dead, Father wants to start over again, and in 1835 there are many opportunities for settlers in British North America. Despite the strangeness of this vast new world, Ellie is sure things will turn out all right, as long as the family stays together. But once they are in Upper Canada, Father leaves Ellie and Max with strangers on an isolated homestead, while he goes on ahead to find land and build a cabin. Although the mother and father are kind to her, Ellie makes an enemy of their daughter Mary, who is insulted by the newcomer's distant manners, fine clothes and talk of her London home. Ellie's loneliness and discomfort, however, gradually turns into a growing fear. Where is Father? Why hasn't he come back to them? A gripping story for young readers that explored the world of early settlers.


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NJCAA Region 8 Basketball Notebook: November 12
Photo courtesy of TCC Athletics/Greg Rowland
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (November 12, 2019) – The Florida College System Activities Association (FCSAA) has released its NJCAA Region 8 Men's and Women's Basketball Coaches' Polls for November 11 and Player of the Week selections for games played through November 10.
The next poll and player of the week selections will be released November 19.
Follow Region 8 Athletics online throughout the season at www.theFCSAAsports.com, as well as on Facebook and Twitter.
NJCAA Region 8 Men's Basketball Coaches' Poll
The NJCAA Region 8 Men's Basketball Coaches' Poll, with number of first-place votes in parentheses, 2019-20 record, previous ranking and total points in voting by Region 8 men's basketball coaches, the Region 8 Men's Basketball Chair and the FCSAA Scoreboard Coordinator.
Florida SouthWestern (12)
Chipola (2)
Northwest Florida State
Daytona State
Polk State
Pensacola State
Gulf Coast State
Also receiving votes: Indian River State 20, Eastern Florida State 10, Santa Fe 7, Hillsborough 4.
Dropped from rankings: No. 2 Eastern Florida State, No. 8 Broward, No. 10 St. Petersburg.
NJCAA Region 8 Women's Basketball Coaches' Poll
The NJCAA Region 8 Women's Basketball Coaches' Poll, with number of first-place votes in parentheses, 2019-20 record, previous ranking and total points in voting by NJCAA Region 8 women's basketball coaches, the NJCAA Region 8 Women's Basketball Chair and the FCSAA Scoreboard Coordinator.
Gulf Coast State (15)
3t.
Florida SouthWestern
Eastern Florida State
Also receiving votes: Hillsborough 10, Santa Fe 10, Central Florida 1.
NJCAA Region 8 Men's Basketball Player of the Week
DeAndre Gholston, Tallahassee
So. - G
Gary, Ind.
Averaged 18.7 points, 5.3 rebounds, 1.7 assists and 2.0 steals in three games during the voting period
Shot 66.7 percent (22-of-33) from the field, 50.0 percent (4-of-8) from three and 72.7 percent (8-of-11) from the free throw line
Led Tallahassee to a 3-0 start to the season, including a pair of neutral site wins
His top game was against Enterprise State with 27 points (11-14 FG) and seven rebounds
Other nominees: Terry Roberts, Florida SouthWestern; Tanajh Pettway, Indian River State; Seth Millner, Northwest Florida State
NJCAA Region 8 Women's Basketball Player of the Week
Ahlana Smith, Gulf Coast State
Averaged 30.0 points, 3.5 rebounds, 2.8 assists and 3.8 steals in four games during the voting period
Shot 52.9 percent (46-of-87) from the field, 41.9 percent (13-of-31) from three and 55.6 percent (15-of-27) from the free throw line
Led Gulf Coast State to four wins, including two against NJCAA No. 9 Florida SouthWestern
In the first win vs. FSW, she had 39 points on 15-of-32 shooting; scored 36 in her next game against Vincennes
Other nominees: Daliyah Brown, Miami Dade; Sedayjha Payne, Tallahassee; Valicia Demeritte, Florida State College at Jacksonville; Kaiya Burnett, Pensacola State; ZaMaria Polk, Pensacola State; Sheslanie Laureano, Florida SouthWestern; Fapou Semebene, Northwest Florida State; ZaNautica Downs, Florida SouthWestern


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Q: Trying to generate a return url when mvc app is not the root site I have a controller that generates a return url and then supplys it to the view for a javascript redirect. The problem is on my live site, the application is not the root site so I get some strange results from UriBuilder or when using Response.UrlRefferrer. Here's what I've finally got to sort of work
    [AllowAnonymous]
    [DisableCache]
    public ActionResult Login()
    {
        UriBuilder uriBuilder = null;

        if (Request.UrlReferrer != null)
        {
           uriBuilder = new UriBuilder(Request.UrlReferrer);
        }
        else
        {
            uriBuilder = new UriBuilder("prodsite");
        }
        //uriBuilder.Path += path;
        ViewBag.ReturnUrl = uriBuilder.Uri.ToString();
        return View();
    }

This solution works when the user uses a direct link to the controller, but if, say the user bookmarks this page and returns to it through their browser's link, the url becomes the root of the site. I really wish I had a more MVCish way to handle the urls, but nothing so far has worked. Any suggestions? Also, I'm looking for a way to make this work on both live and test sites if that's at all possible so I don't have to go in and manually change code around. Thanks!

A: have you tried using Url.Action?  In our javascript we use
window.location = '@Url.Action("Action", "Controller")';

and the links work local and on production.  Hopefully this helps.


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text:
Маддалена Кріппа ( , Безана-ін-Бріанца, Монца і Бріанца, Ломбардія, Італія) — італійська акторка театру і кіно.

Фільмографія
 1981: «Три брати» / (Tre fratelli) — Джованна
 Джук-бокс (1985)
 Берлін-39 (1994)

Посилання

Уродженці Безана-ін-Бріанца
Кіноактори Італії XX століття
Театральні актори Італії XX століття
Кіноактори Італії XXI століття
Театральні актори Італії XXI століття


This paper proposes a novel discrete-time second-order distributed consensus time synchronization (SO-DCTS) algorithm for wireless sensor networks. The consensus properties and convergence rates of the SO-DCTS algorithm are analyzed for both directed and undirected networks. Additionally, the convergence region and optimal convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm are determined for undirected networks and this convergence rate is shown to be superior to that of the first-order DCTS (FO-DCTS) algorithm under careful algorithm design. Furthermore, the asymptotic expectation and mean square synchronization error are investigated for the SO-DCTS algorithm when there is Gaussian delay between network nodes. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify these analytical results.
Wireless sensor networks are typically comprised of inexpensive, small-sized, power-limited terminals. In a variety of applications, these sensor nodes are collectively required to maintain accurate time synchronization, for example, moving object acquisition and tracking, habitat monitoring, reconnaissance and surveillance, environmental monitoring, traffic control, and so forth . This necessitates network algorithms that achieve and maintain global time synchronization at all network nodes, that is, algorithms that align all network nodes to a common notion of time.
Due to imperfections in low-cost hardware nodes and the decentralized nature of wireless sensor networks, global time synchronization has been recognized as a particularly challenging task. Conventional synchronization protocols such as time-synchronization protocol for sensor networks (TPSNs) , reference broadcast synchronization (RBS) , and flooding time synchronization protocol (FTSP)  aim to perform centralized global synchronization for all nodes in wireless sensor network . These protocols achieve synchronization via time-stamped packet exchanges with a root node or a data fusion center and are thus vulnerable to failure of these central nodes.
Recently, several distributed time synchronization algorithms have been proposed. One important class of such algorithms is referred to as distributed consensus time synchronization (DCTS) . In the DCTS approach, a global time consensus can be sufficiently reached within a connected network by averaging pair-wise local time information at network nodes. In , Olfati-Saber et al, established a theoretical framework for the analysis of consensus synchronization algorithms. Later, a fully distributed, asynchronous DCTS algorithm was proposed in ; this scheme was designed to reach agreement on time offset and skew offset between network nodes using media access control (MAC) layer time-stamped packet exchanges. As an alternative, a physical layer-based DCTS algorithm was introduced in  by modeling sensor nodes as coupled discrete-time oscillators. In particular, the algorithm adopts instantaneous received powers as weighted coefficients when updating local clocks.
To the best of our knowledge, existing literature on DCTS methods assumes that local timing update at each node is done using only current timing information, that is, via a first-order DCTS (FO-DCTS) approach. In contrast, a second-order DCTS (SO-DCTS) algorithm would utilize not only current timing information but also that available from the previous iteration of the algorithm to update local clocks. Such an extension to the basic consensus algorithm was first reported for a continuous time approach in . Subsequent papers have analyzed this second-order continuous time consensus method assuming fixed network topologies , time delay , and switching topologies . In this paper, we apply the principles of the second-order consensus approach to the distributed timing synchronization problem in wireless sensor networks. Specifically, we propose a novel discrete-time SO-DCTS algorithm for wireless sensor networks and examine its convergence properties.
The major contribution of this paper is the theoretical analysis of the convergence characteristics of the SO-DCTS algorithm for both directed and undirected networks. Moreover, we investigate the convergence region and optimal convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm in undirected networks and claim that the optimal convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm is superior to that of the FO-DCTS algorithm under an appropriate algorithm design. Finally, we present the asymptotic expectation and mean square synchronization error of the SO-DCTS algorithm when the timing offset between network nodes is Gaussian distributed.
This paper is outlined as follows. Section 2 describes the system model and background for the proposed SO-DCTS algorithm. Section 3 presents the convergence properties of the SO-DCTS algorithm in directed and undirected networks. Section 4 discusses the convergence region and optimal convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm in undirected networks. In Section 5, we present some convergence results for the SO-DCTS method when network nodes have Gaussian delay between each other. Simulation results are presented in Section 6, and we conclude our discussion in Section 7.
Timing information between network nodes can be exchanged either using time-stamped packets at the MAC layer or by estimating arrival times of neighboring nodes' physical layer pulse signals. In the following, we describe the SO-DCTS method regardless of whether it is implemented at the MAC or physical layers. In each iteration of the SO-DCTS algorithm, each node processes and decodes the time-stamped message from its neighbors or estimates the arrival time of its neighbors' pulse signals. Each node then updates its local clock using the weighted average of the current time differences between itself and its neighboring nodes as well as stored time differences from the previous iteration of the algorithm. It should be noted that in the SO-DCTS algorithm, each node needs to store time information from its neighbor nodes for both the previous and current iterations; this is in contrast to the FO-DCTS approach where only the current time information is processed in the current iteration.
where is the local time at node during iteration ; is the set of neighboring nodes that can communicate reliably with node ; is a constant step size; is a constant for each iteration. We assume that initial conditions of the SO-DCTS algorithm are , where is initial time offset for node . It is worth mentioning that when , the SO-DCTS algorithm reduces to the FO-DCTS algorithm.
In the following, we model a wireless sensor network as a graph , consisting of a set of nodes and a set of edges . Each edge is denoted as where and are head and tail of the edge , respectively. In a wireless sensor network, the presence of an edge indicates that node can communicate with node reliably. We assume here a connected graph; that is, there exists a directed path connecting any pair of distinct nodes in the network. Throughout our discussion, we assume a time-invariant and connected network unless otherwise stated.
Then, the in-degree and out-degree of a node (denoted as and , resp.,) are given as , and Specifically, is also equal to the number of neighbors of node from which it can receive information reliably, that is, .
Next, we let be the graph Laplacian matrix of which is defined as , where is the degree matrix of . Given this matrix , we can show that , where , and . In particular, for a connected graph, the rank of is . Furthermore, for a balanced directed network, the in-degree and out-degree of a node are equal, that is, , thus we see that .
For an undirected network, the presence of an edge indicates that nodes and can communicate with each other reliably. Under this condition, we can also show that . Additionally, in this case, is a symmetric positive semidefinite matrix (implying that its eigenvalues are nonnegative), and its eigenvalues can be arranged in increasing order as .
with the initial conditions , where . Here, denotes the identity matrix.
In this section, we investigate the consensus properties of the SO-DCTS algorithm in directed and undirected networks. Additionally, we discuss the convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm in such networks.
The main result regarding the average consensus property of the SO-DCTS algorithm in directed networks is stated in the following theorem.
where denotes the spectral radius of a matrix.
According to Theorem 1, we see that in general, although average consensus is not achieved for directed networks, all nodes in the network can still reach a global agreement. By "average consensus" we mean that all nodes converge to the same timing which is determined by the average of the initial timing differences between the nodes. However, when the SO-DCTS algorithm is employed in either an undirected network or a balanced directed network, average consensus can be achieved asymptotically. We show this via the following theorem.
We know that in a time-invariant, connected, directed balanced or undirected network, and . The rest of proof is similar to that of Theorem 1 and thus omitted here.
One of the most important measures of any distributed iterative algorithm is its convergence speed. As we show next, the convergence speed of the SO-DCTS algorithm is determined by the spectral radius of , which is similar to the FO-DCTS algorithm .
Given this dynamic of the disagreement vector, we note the following Lemma.
where denotes the norm of a vector.
which is equivalent to (16). This completes the proof.
Therefore, we see that the convergence rate for the SO-DCTS algorithm in both directed and undirected networks is determined by the spectral radius of .
In this section, we investigate more specific convergence results (i.e., the convergence region and optimal convergence rate) for the SO-DCTS algorithm in undirected networks. Without loss of generality, we assume that and are real values, and .
The convergence region of the SO-DCTS algorithm in undirected networks is shown in Figures 1 and 2 using a three-dimensional and two-dimensional perspective, respectively. We see that compared to the FO-DCTS algorithm where the range of the step size is , the range of in the SO-DCTS approach increases to .
Convergence region for the SO-DCTS algorithm in undirected networks: three-dimensional view.
Convergence region for the SO-DCTS algorithm in undirected networks: two-dimensional view.
As we show next, the convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm can be superior to that of the FO-DCTS algorithm by choosing suitable and . However, as stated in the following lemma, the convergence rate of the FO-DCTS algorithm is faster under some circumstances.
For the SO-DCTS algorithm in (4) in a time-invariant, connected, undirected network with initial conditions and in (20), if , the convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm is less than that of the FO-DCTS algorithm with the optimal constant step size in (21).
The proof of this lemma is omitted here since it can be readily extended from the following result. Consider two real values and with , then . Thus, we have , which implies .
We see that and only when . Thus, we have the following theorem for the convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm.
For the SO-DCTS algorithm in (4) in a time-invariant, connected, undirected network with initial conditions and in (20), there exists a pair of and such that the convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm is greater than or equal to that of the FO-DCTS algorithm with the optimal constant step size in (21).
In this section, we investigate the convergence properties of the SO-DCTS algorithm in undirected networks when there is both deterministic and random (Gaussian) delay between network nodes during local time information exchange. In , we motivate why the Gaussian assumption is appropriate to model the undeterministic timing differences between nodes exchanging either MAC layer or physical layer timing information. We do not reiterate those arguments here but rather present convergence results for the SO-DCTS algorithm when such timing differences exist. We have separately examined the performance of the SO-DCTS algorithm considering alternate delay distributions, for example, exponential delay distribution . Results show similar performance bounds as those presented in this paper for the Gaussian assumption. For this reason, we constrain our discussion here to the more common Gaussian delay model.
where ; is a constant (deterministic) delay; is the distance between node and ; is light speed (thus, is the propagation delay between nodes and ); are independent identical distributed (i.i.d) Gaussian random variables, with zero mean and variance . Local time information exchange between node and under this delay model is shown in Figure 3.
SO-DCTS algorithm with Gaussian delay during local time information exchange.
We now define and , where . Then, the noise vector in (28) is given as .
Recall that for undirected networks, the average value in each iteration is . Thus, the mean and variance of the average value are given in the following lemma.
The proof of this lemma is straightforward and thus omitted from this paper. It can be seen that as iteration time increases, both mean and variance in (30) increase linearly with the time index , that is, as the algorithm evolves. Furthermore, the variance of increases linearly with the variance of the random Gaussian delay, . As we will see in our numerical results, although the average value grows linearly with iteration time when there is Gaussian delay in the network, an average consensus may still be achievable under certain network topologies.
In order to understand the convergence property of SO-DCTS algorithm with Gaussian delay, we first quantify the overall impact of uncertainty by computing the first two moments of the disagreement vector.
where and . Then, we have the following lemma.
The proof of this lemma is straightforward and thus omitted from this paper.
Given these definitions, we next note Lemma 5.
The proof of this lemma is similar to  and thus omitted from the paper.
The above equation holds because . Before we investigate the convergence property of SO-DCTS algorithm with Gaussian delay, we give the following lemma for block matrix inversion.
For this , we can show the following theorem.
In an undirected network with fixed connected topology, in (39) is a constant vector independent of the constant values of and .
Therefore, does not depend on and . This completes the proof.
Hence, the maximum asymptotic expectation of the global synchronization error between any two nodes is Then, we have the following definition.
A connected network is called "average consensus achievable with tolerable synchronization error" if the maximum asymptotic expectation of the global time synchronization error is less than a predefined threshold when applying the SO-DCTS algorithm in (28), that is, when .
Similar to , we have Definition 2.
In the following simulation results, we assume that the initial time offset of node is , where microseconds unless otherwise stated (trends similar to the ones noted below were observed when initial time offsets between nodes were arbitrary (e.g., when they were uniformly distributed over [0,T]). We use this fixed offset assumption here for comparison purposes).
In our simulations, we examine the convergence performance of the FO-DCTS and SO-DCTS algorithms for several structured, undirected networks. Specifically, we study the following network topologies.
"A Ring Network with Equal Distance ": A ring network is a network that consists of a single cycle. The ring network with equal distance is a ring network that has nodes, edges, and for and .
"A Path Network with Equal Distance ": A path network is a network that consists of edge set . The path network with equal distance is a path network that has nodes, edges and for and .
"A Star Network with Equal Distance  ": A star network is a network that consists of edge set . The star network with equal distance is a star network that has  nodes,  edges, and  for  and  .
Figure 4 shows examples of these networks: a ring network , a path network , and a star network . Based on Definition 2, we see that is a "time delay balanced network" and . We now explore the convergence properties of the SO-DCTS algorithm for these structured networks via simulation.
Structured networks: (a) , (b) , (c) .
First we compare the convergence speeds of the SO-DCTS and FO-DCTS algorithms for the above structured networks assuming that the convergence rate is defined as , and there is no Gaussian delay between nodes. Table 1 gives the numerical values of the optimal convergence rate for the SO-DCTS and FO-DCTS algorithms under the , , and topologies. As expected, the SO-DCTS algorithm converges faster than the FO-DCTS algorithm in all three cases. Specifically, we see that the optimal convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm is nearly twice as that of the FO-DCTS algorithm for all three types of networks.
Numerical results comparing convergence rates of FO-DCTS and SO-DCTS algorithms in , , .
In our simulations of the SO-DCTS algorithm with Gaussian delay, we assume microseconds and the optimal values of and from (24). The simulation results and the asymptotic mean square time synchronization errors for the , , and networks are shown in Figure 5. For each network topology, the asymptotic mean square time synchronization error is calculated from (48). It can be seen that as time index increases, mean square time synchronization error approaches the steady-state value when utilizing SO-DCTS algorithm with Gaussian delay. Additionally, we see that the SO-DCTS algorithm performs poorest in a path network where it has the largest value of and the slowest convergence speed. This is not surprising since in such networks information flow from node 1 to node requires hops.
Table 2 summarizes the asymptotic results of the SO-DCTS algorithm for structured networks. As expected, the maximum asymptotic expectation of global time synchronization error for is 0 since is a time delay balanced network. Furthermore, the SO-DCTS algorithm in has the largest because of its highly unbalanced time delay structure. It is worth mentioning that the SO-DCTS algorithm in star networks has relatively small values of and . In fact, the SO-DCTS algorithm for a star network can be seen as a type of centralized time synchronization algorithm in which a root node determines and propagates the average of local time information of all other nodes in the network.
In Figure 6, we show the asymptotic value of as a function of the number of nodes in these structured networks. It can be seen that when using the optimal and , the asymptotic mean square time synchronization error for a star network is nearly constant as the number of nodes increases. However, is an increasing function of the number of nodes for both path and ring networks.
Asymptotic results for the SO-DCTS algorithm in structured networks with Gaussian delay.
as a function of the iteration time index for the SO-DCTS algorithm in structured networks ( , , ) with Gaussian delay.
as a function of the number of nodes for the SO-DCTS algorithm in structured networks with Gaussian delay.
We also present here simulation results for a random network comprised of nodes that were randomly generated with uniform distribution over a unit square kilometer; two nodes were assumed connected if the distance between them was less than , a predefined threshold. One realization of such a network with 16 nodes is shown in Figure 7. We assume that the average distance between two nodes is .
Random network with 16 nodes used to obtain simulation results in Figure 9.
Figure 8 shows the simulation results for the convergence rates of the FO-DCTS and SO-DCTS algorithms in random networks with 256 nodes when without Gaussian delay between network nodes. Specifically, we plot the mean square time synchronization error (defined as ). In simulating random networks, we average results over 5000 network realizations. To obtain these results, we chose for the FO-DCTS algorithm and and for the SO-DCTS algorithm. In Figure 8, we observe that the optimal convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm is faster than that of the FO-DCTS algorithm. In addition to the results shown here, we ran this simulation setup for various realizations of random networks, assuming both and a smaller network with . Overall, the results show a similar trend, that is, the convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm exceeds the FO-DCTS algorithm.
Evolutions of the FO-DCTS and SO-DTS algorithms in random network with 256 nodes when without Gaussian delay between network nodes.
Figure 9 shows the simulation results when the SO-DCTS algorithm is implemented in a random network of Figure 7 assuming Gaussian delay between network nodes. As expected, we see here that an asymptotic global synchronization error persists between some pairs of nodes, that is, microseconds for this random network. If we specify a threshold to be greater than or equal to this , we call this network as "average consensus achievable with tolerable synchronization error" as described in Definition 1.
Evolution of the average disagreement of the SO-DCTS algorithm in random network (see Figure 7) with Gaussian delay between network nodes.
In this paper, we propose a novel discrete-time SO-DCTS algorithm to address the global timing synchronization problem in wireless sensor networks. We analyze several important convergence characteristics of the SO-DCTS algorithm for directed and undirected networks. Additionally, we investigate the convergence region and optimal convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm in undirected networks and claim that the optimal convergence rate of the SO-DCTS algorithm is superior to that of the FO-DCTS algorithm under an appropriate algorithm design. Furthermore, we investigate the asymptotic expectation and mean square synchronization error of the SO-DCTS algorithm when there is Gaussian delay between network nodes. In the future, we intend to investigate the effects of skew, link failure, and other practical conditions when utilizing the SO-DCTS algorithm in wireless sensor networks.
Now, we examine the convergence region for the SO-DCTS algorithm based on conditions , and .
In the following, we assume that unless otherwise stated.
By taking the union of in (A.5) and in (A.10) and considering the increasing order of , the convergence region for the SO-DCTS algorithm in (20) is obtained.
Combining (B.3) with (B.4), we get (24).
This work was supported in part by research grants from Thales Communications, Inc., Md, USA, and the National Science Foundation.


You already see them everywhere: The Loafers, an item you have to have for this fall/winter.
You can buy them in all different types of colors, prints, with studs or without studs.
I think the leopard print loafers are going to be the most popular of them all.
So get them soon before someone else already got the last pair before you did.


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Through Nov. 17, join Macy's Sacramento Downtown Commons and Broadway On Tour's presentation of A CHRISTMAS STORY, THE MUSICAL in supporting Big Brothers Big Sisters of the Greater Sacramento Area this holiday season by donating gently used clothes or new, unwrapped toys.
Items can be dropped off at Macy's Sacramento Downtown Commons on the 2nd Floor at the My Stylist @ Macy's Office, or prior to any performance of A CHRISTMAS STORY, THE MUSICAL at Memorial Auditorium Nov. 8–17.
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text:
Q: How can I get the caller function name in my class?
Possible Duplicate:
How to get name of calling function/method in PHP?

So in PHP I'm trying to build a custom error handler class. It's pretty simple:
I give it a code number and it gives back a formatted error message which I can use to send to mobile devices.
So it looks like this now:
class Errorhandler {
   private $errors = array(
       //here be error codes and messages
       100 => 'Missing input or parameter!'
  );

   public function __construct($code = 100){
        //return formatted output
   }
}

So I'd use the class above like:
public function someFunction(){
    //some conditions met, then throw an error
    $handler = new ErrorHandler();
    $this->response = $handler;
}

So I'd need the parent function's name (someFunction) in my Errorhandler class so I can return it with the formatted error message.
On a side note: I don't want to use parameters for this, too much writing there.

A: __FUNCTION__
It's magic. See more here: http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.constants.predefined.php
As for actually getting it in your ErrorHandler class, you'd have to pass it to the constructor. PHP isn't that magical.

A: You can use debug_backtrace() to get the function that have called your function.
debug_backtrace() returns the current call stack.

A: You can parse debug_backtrace() function output. It returns associative array of all calls to the very top (http://php.net/manual/en/function.debug-backtrace.php)
Also notice that fatal error will interrupt normal script excution and to catch it you need to call error handler from callback registered with register_shutdown_function() (http://php.net/manual/ru/function.register-shutdown-function.php)


text:
Der Prix Orange (auch Rising Star Award) ist ein spezieller Preis, der von der Presse bei dem Festival in Cannes (Festival de Cannes) an Schauspieler verliehen wird.

1961: Annie Girardot
1964: Fernandel
1972: Phillippe Noiret
1975: Claude Jade
1993: Jean Marais
2007: Eva Green

Internationale Filmfestspiele von Cannes
Filmpreis (Frankreich)


Andrew decorated 20 biscuits to take to a party. He lined them up and put icing on every second biscuit and different decorations on other biscuits. How many biscuits weren't decorated?
Some children from the class are thinking about races because they are interested in the Olympics. Afzal, Bengy and Chrissy like the idea of getting medals. They know that there are Gold, Silver and Bronze medals.
Afzal says that if he won he'd get Gold and if Bengy then came second he'd get Silver and Chrissy would then get Bronze.
Chrissy says that's right but if she'd come first she would get the Gold and then when Bengy came second he'd get Silver again and Afzal would get Bronze.
Bengy has other ideas too.
If the children found all the different ways in which they could be first, second and third, how many would they find?
and whatever Bengy's ideas are.
Which ways can you find?
Factors and multiples. Processing and representing data. Working systematically. Addition & subtraction. Combinations. Interactivities. Visualising. Investigations. Generalising. Selecting and using information.


text:
package org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent;

import org.elasticsearch.common.metrics.CounterMetric;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

/**
 */
public class EsAbortPolicy implements XRejectedExecutionHandler {

    private final CounterMetric rejected = new CounterMetric();
    public static final String SHUTTING_DOWN_KEY = "(shutting down)";

    @Override
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
        if (r instanceof AbstractRunnable) {
            if (((AbstractRunnable) r).isForceExecution()) {
                BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = executor.getQueue();
                if (!(queue instanceof SizeBlockingQueue)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("forced execution, but expected a size queue");
                }
                try {
                    ((SizeBlockingQueue) queue).forcePut(r);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    throw new IllegalStateException("forced execution, but got interrupted", e);
                }
                return;
            }
        }
        rejected.inc();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("rejected execution ");
        if (executor.isShutdown()) {
            sb.append(SHUTTING_DOWN_KEY + " ");
        } else {
            if (executor.getQueue() instanceof SizeBlockingQueue) {
                sb.append("(queue capacity ").append(((SizeBlockingQueue) executor.getQueue()).capacity()).append(") ");
            }
        }
        sb.append("on ").append(r.toString());
        throw new EsRejectedExecutionException(sb.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public long rejected() {
        return rejected.count();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub