Several generations of Monegasques have grown up in this veritable green lung of Monaco, which has experienced several changes this year. The Princesse Antoinette Park is the largest green space in the Principality, with 10,900 m2 of surface area, 180 olive trees, including one which is 1,000 years old, and ten employees. Renovations here took place over a few months so the park can accommodate old and young during every season.
Now there are structures for all ages, reported Georges Marsan, Mayor of Monaco. A lot of work has be done, making the park more accessible. All the slippery and dangerous dirt paths were removed and today there are asphalt paths everywhere.
Also communal services renovated the kiosk, and create a new terrace. Mothers, for example, can come here in the afternoons for a cup of tea or coffee, organize a birthday gathering, have lunch between 12 pm and 2 pm, or have dinner in the evenings. This great location points south and gets the sun all day. Therefore it was also important to cover the terrace, so the public could use it without being bothered by the sun and the heat, shared Evelyne Folco, Head of Public Services.
Everything was thought of and created to facilitate playful moments of joy between the olive trees.
New playgrounds appeared here. A swing which is aimed for children with reduced mobility or sight problems was installed in the spring. Obviously, it's also accessible for other children as well. The barrier to the farm, with all the animals was also renovated. It puts them more in the spotlight, and it's more beautiful to look at.
There are plans to renovate the mini-golf: there is a multi-sport area, where the public can play football and basketball, and for 2018, the city plans to resurface and renovate it. And the Mini-Golf, which is currently an exceptional Mini-Golf for this region, there is project which plans to change the coating, which is extremely problematic when it rains. It needs to be temporarily closed once a week.
Over about 4 consecutive years, all of the park's paths were re-done in asphalt, they used to be made of sand. The communal services also created a little space, which we called 'Zen Space'. Laying down the asphalt to modify the access to the washrooms, which are next to the kiosk, made them now accessible to persons of reduced mobility. Before, they had two stairs. Next year there are plans to renovate the washrooms completely.
The Princess Antoinette Park, with its kiosk and mini-golf, is now open to all. Like every year, the park will be closed from the 28th of August until the 6th of September (the kiosk will only be closed on the 1st of September) for a good reason: to prepare for the very popular Monegasques Picnic; which will take place on the 1st of September.


Renovated Multi Family in Middletown North. 4 units totaling 4000+ sf - completely transformed. 2 x 1 bedroom/1 bath & 2 x 2 bedroom/1 bath. Larger units include laundry. Updated electric, plumbing, Hot water heaters, siding, windows, roof, interior & exterior paint, flooring, fixtures. Ready to rent. Must see! Sale includes 4 adjacent, vacant lots, could build more units or create parking/rec space.


text:
// Copyright 2014 The Closure Library Authors. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

/**
 * @fileoverview Performance test for different implementations of
 * byteArrayToString.
 */

goog.provide('goog.crypt.byteArrayToStringPerf');

goog.require('goog.array');
goog.require('goog.dom');
goog.require('goog.testing.PerformanceTable');

goog.setTestOnly('goog.crypt.byteArrayToStringPerf');

var table = new goog.testing.PerformanceTable(
    goog.dom.getElement('perfTable'));

var BYTES_LENGTH = Math.pow(2, 20);
var CHUNK_SIZE = 8192;

function getBytes() {
  var bytes = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < BYTES_LENGTH; i++) {
    bytes.push('A'.charCodeAt(0));
  }
  return bytes;
}

function copyAndSpliceByteArray(bytes) {

  // Copy the passed byte array since we're going to destroy it.
  var remainingBytes = goog.array.clone(bytes);
  var strings = [];

  // Convert each chunk to a string.
  while (remainingBytes.length) {
    var chunk = goog.array.splice(remainingBytes, 0, CHUNK_SIZE);
    return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, chunk);
    strings.push(str);
  }
  return strings.join('');
}

function sliceByteArrayConcat(bytes) {
  var str = '';
  for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += CHUNK_SIZE) {
    var chunk = goog.array.slice(bytes, i, i + CHUNK_SIZE);
    str += String.fromCharCode.apply(null, chunk);
  }
  return str;
}

function sliceByteArrayJoin(bytes) {
  var strings = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += CHUNK_SIZE) {
    var chunk = goog.array.slice(bytes, i, i + CHUNK_SIZE);
    strings.push(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, chunk));
  }
  return strings.join('');
}

function mapByteArray(bytes) {
  var strings = goog.array.map(bytes, String.fromCharCode);
  return strings.join('');
}

function forLoopByteArrayConcat(bytes) {
  var str = '';
  for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
    str += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
  }
  return str;
}

function forLoopByteArrayJoin(bytes) {
  var strs = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
    strs.push(String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]));
  }
  return strs.join('');
}

function run() {
  var bytes = getBytes();
  table.run(goog.partial(copyAndSpliceByteArray, getBytes()),
            'Copy array and splice out chunks.');

  table.run(goog.partial(sliceByteArrayConcat, getBytes()),
            'Slice out copies of the byte array, concatenating results');

  table.run(goog.partial(sliceByteArrayJoin, getBytes()),
            'Slice out copies of the byte array, joining results');

  table.run(goog.partial(forLoopByteArrayConcat, getBytes()),
            'Use for loop with concat.');

  table.run(goog.partial(forLoopByteArrayJoin, getBytes()),
            'Use for loop with join.');

  // Purposefully commented out. This ends up being tremendously expensive.
  // table.run(goog.partial(mapByteArray, getBytes()),
  //           'Use goog.array.map and fromCharCode.');

}

run();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Frontend\App\Entity;

use DateTimeImmutable;
use Frontend\App\Common\TimestampAwareInterface;
use Frontend\App\Common\TimestampAwareTrait;
use Frontend\App\Common\UuidAwareInterface;
use Frontend\App\Common\UuidAwareTrait;
use Frontend\App\Common\UuidOrderedTimeGenerator;

/**
 * Class Base
 * @package Frontend\App\Entity
 */
abstract class AbstractEntity implements UuidAwareInterface, TimestampAwareInterface
{
    use UuidAwareTrait;
    use TimestampAwareTrait;

    /**
     * AbstractEntity constructor.
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->uuid = UuidOrderedTimeGenerator::generateUuid();
        $this->created = new DateTimeImmutable();
        $this->updated = new DateTimeImmutable();
    }
}


text:
La Sociedad de la Expiación (en inglés Society of the Atonement), también conocida como Frailes y Hermanas de la Expiación o Graymoor Friars and Sisters es una congregación religiosa franciscana de la Iglesia Católica. Fue fundada en octubre de 1898 por Lewis T. Wattson y Lurana Mary White como una comunidad religiosa en la Iglesia Episcopal. Los fundadores aspiraban a la unidad de la iglesia anglicana y la católica bajo la autoridad del obispo de Roma; de hecho, un año después la iglesia católica recibió en su seno a esta Sociedad, y con ella a todos sus miembros. La orden religiosa está dedicada a la Santísima Virgen María bajo el título mariano de Nuestra Señora de la Expiación .

Historia
La historia de la fundación se inicia con el anhelo de unidad de la Iglesia latente en sus cofundadores: Lewis T. Wattson y Lurena Wattason. En 1898, los dos  se reunieron  en la casa familiar de ella en Warwick, Nueva York, e hicieron un pacto espiritual para formar una nueva comunidad religiosa con el objetivo de restablecer la vida franciscana en la Comunión Anglicana. El nombre de la nueva comunidad se inspiró en un pasaje de la Epístola a los Romanos ( Ro 5.11), que, en el texto que recoge la biblia del Rey Jacobo, habla de la expiación que los cristianos han recibido a través de Jesús. Wattson quiso interpretar la palabra "expiación" en el sentido literal de "unificación", a partir de su visión de que su nueva comunidad debería tener el objetivo de llevar a todos los cristianos a la unidad de unos con otros.  Con este fin, la hermana Lurana vivió durante un año en una orden religosa anglicana, la Sociedad de las Hermanas de Betania, en Clerkenwell, Londres. Antes de su regreso, hizo una peregrinación a Asís.

Lewis Wattson
Lewis Thomas Wattson nació en Millington, Maryland el 16 de enero de 1863, hijo del Reverendo Joseph Newton Wattson y su esposa, Mary Electa. Su padre, el reverendo Wattson, había sido presbiteriano, pero posteriormente se unió a la iglesia episcopal, de la que fue ministro. Lewis recibió su BA (1882) y su MA (1885) de St. Stephen's College, Annandale-on-Hudson, Nueva York . Recibió el diaconado en 1885 y, con una especial dispensa, fue ordenado como presbítero a la edad de veintitrés años. Wattson se graduó en 1887 con una Licenciatura en Divinidad en el Seminario Teológico General de la ciudad de Nueva York. Después de ejercer su ministerio por un tiempo en Port Deposit, Maryland, se convirtió en un predicador popular en el área de Nueva York y Nueva Jersey, siendo nombrado rector de la Iglesia Episcopal de St. John en Kingston, Nueva York . En 1891, fundó la Iglesia de la Santa Cruz como una misión de St. John, para servir a las familias de clase trabajadora que vivían cerca del West Shore Railroad.  Esta iglesia de la Santa Cruz seguía una tradición fuertemente anglo-católica, con una misión particular para los pobres.   Wattson renunció a la rectoría de Kingston para aceptar un puesto como superior de una misión episcopal en Omaha.

Lurana White
Lurana Mary White nació en la ciudad de Nueva York el 12 de abril de 1870. El 17 de octubre de 1894 se convirtió en postulante en la comunidad episopaliana de las Sisters of the Holy Child en Albany, Nueva York, donde hizo sus votos el 25 de septiembre de 1896. Ese mismo año, White comenzó a mantener correspondencia con el Rev. Wattson, en el que apreciaba su inclinación hacia  la High Church. Wattson era en ese momento el superior de una pequeña comunidad de sacerdotes episcopales en Omaha. Ambos formaban parte del Movimiento Anglo-Católico, también conocido como Movimiento de Oxford, que se había desarrollado en la Iglesia de Inglaterra a principios del siglo XIX. La hermana Lurana pidió ayuda al padre Wattson para encontrar una comunidad episcopal de religiosos que practicaran la pobreza corporativa en la tradición franciscana de la Iglesia católica. El padre Wattson no estaba al tanto de ninguna comunidad de este tipo, pero comenzó a mantener correspondencia con ella en relación con su deseo de que las iglesias anglicana y católica se reunieran bajo la autoridad del obispo de Roma .

En octubre de 1898, White y Wattson se reunieron  en la casa familiar de ella en Warwick, Nueva York, e hicieron un pacto espiritual para formar una nueva comunidad religiosa con el objetivo de restablecer la vida franciscana en la Comunión Anglicana . (El nombre de la nueva comunidad se inspiró en un pasaje de la Epístola a los Romanos ( Ro 5.11), que, en el texto que recoge la biblia del Rey Jacobo, habla de la expiación que los cristianos han recibido a través de Jesús . Wattson interpretó la palabra "expiación" en el sentido literal de "unificación", a partir de su visión de que su nueva comunidad debería tener el objetivo de llevar a todos los cristianos a la unidad de unos con otros.  Con este fin, la hermana Lurana pasó un año entrenando con una orden religosa anglicana, la Sociedad de las Hermanas de Betania, en Clerkenwell, Londres. Antes de su regreso, hizo una peregrinación a Asís.

Graymoor en St. John's-in-the-Wilderness,
El 15 de diciembre de 1898, la hermana Lurana y dos compañeras se establecieron en el área de Garrison, Nueva York, en una granja cerca de la capilla de St. John's-in-the-Wilderness,  (San Juan en el desierto) que había sido fundada por el Rvdo. Albert Zabriskie Gray,  y que desde 1882 estaba abandonada. . Ella llamó al lugar "Graymoor", combinando los nombres del Rev. Gray, que había fundado la capilla, con la del Sr. Moore, que había sido un generoso partidario de su restauración.

La Sociedad en la iglesia episcopaliana
Mientras tanto, el Padre Wattson había pasado algún tiempo en el Monasterio Anglicano de la Orden de la Santa Cruz en Westminster, Missouri, para ganar algo de experiencia en la vida religiosa en comunidad. Wattson se unió a las hermanas en la primavera de 1899 y se instaló en un cobertizo a una milla de distancia. Con el establecimiento formal de la Sociedad de la Expiación,  tanto él como estas hermanas abrazaron la vida religiosa en la Iglesia Episcopal . Al tomar los votos religiosos, Laurana White pasó a ser conocida como Madre Lurana, mientras que Lewis Wattson tomó el nombre de padre Paul James Francis. La Madre Lurana se convirtió en directora de las Hermanas Franciscanas de la Expiación, la rama femenina de la sociedad; El padre Paul se convirtió en superior de los Frailes Franciscanos de la Expiación. Frederick Joseph Kinsman, tercer obispo de Delaware, fue elegido Visitante Episcopal.

La Sociedad predicó la primacía del pontífice romano, manteniendo su lealtad episcopal, mientras trabajaban para realizar una reunión corporativa entre los dos cuerpos. eclesiales. Debido a esto, los fundadores y su pequeño número de discípulos llegaron a encontrarse no solo criticados sino condenados al ostracismo por sus correligionarios, quienes los veían caminando por una cuerda floja imposible entre los dos cuerpos.

Recepción en la Iglesia Católica
En 1909, tanto la sociedad de hombres como la de mujeres decidieron buscar la unión con la Santa Sede y su plena integración en la Iglesia Católica . En octubre de 1909, el Vaticano dio el paso sin precedentes de aceptar a los miembros de la Compañía como un cuerpo corporativo, permitiendo a los frailes y hermanas permanecer en el estilo de vida habían establecido.

Desde ese momento, en unión con el Obispo de Roma, los Frailes de la Expiación continuaron su trabajo defendiendo  la reconciliación y eventual reunión de las diversas denominaciones cristianas con el Papa como líder espiritual, impulsando así el ecumenismo . Una parte importante de este esfuerzo fue la propagación del Octavario por la Unidad de los Cristianos, ocho días de oración de todos los cristianos, piendiedo por esa unidad.o. La octava desde el 18 enero – día que en entonces se celebraba la Cátedra de San Pedro en Roma, hasta el 25 del mismo, fiesta de la Conversión de San Pablo. Este período ahora se conoce también como la Semana de Oración por la Unidad de los Cristianos y es celebrado por muchas denominaciones cristianas.

Actividades actuales
Los frailes continúan centrándose en el trabajo ecuménico y la unidad de la iglesia, prestando en esto su ayuda a las diócesis de todo el mundo. Su casa madre sigue estando en Graymoor en los Estados Unidos, pero tienen casas en Brasil, Canadá, Italia, Japón y Filipinas . En los últimos años se ha cerrado una que tenían en el Reino Unido . Fundada como una predicación y el orden misionera, los hermanos operar parroquias en los Estados Unidos y Canadá, ejerciendo los ministerios de retiro y reconciliación , capellanías, el ministerio especial para los alcohólicos, y los tipos de servicio directo a los pobres que habitaules en los franciscanos.

Las Hermanas Franciscanas de la Expiación han establecido centros de catequesis y guarderías en toda América del Norte, sirviendo a comunidades rurales en todo el oeste de Estados Unidos y Canadá, así como en barrios  de algunas ciudades, como Harlem en la ciudad de Nueva York  Varias acompañaron a las comunidades japonesas-estadounidenses a las que sirvieron en el reasentamiento forzoso realizado durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial . Hoy, las Hermanas tienen casas en los Estados Unidos, Canadá, Italia, Japón, Brasil y Filipinas.

En Inglaterra, los frailes dirigían la Biblioteca Católica Central (ahora conocida como Biblioteca Católica Nacional), ubicada en las cercanías de la Catedral de Westminster, Londres, antes de su traslado a la pequeña ciudad de Farnborough, Hampshire, al suroeste de Londres.

El cardenal Timothy Dolan de la Archidiócesis de Nueva York inauguró formalmente la Causa de Canonización del Siervo de Dios Padre Paul de Graymoor el martes 22 de septiembre de 2015 en la ciudad de Nueva York. En 2016 se constituyó la "Father Paul of Graymoor Guild" como una fuente de información sobre el estado de la causa de la canonización del Padre Paul de Graymoor. En marzo de 2017, se cerró la fase diocesana del proceso y los escritos recopilados de Wattson se enviaron a la Congregación para las Causas de los Santos en Roma.

Los frailes patrocinan el Graymoor Ecumenical & Interreligious Institute, que tiene oficinas en el Interchurch Center en 475 Riverside Drive en Nueva York. Este instituto publica un boletín mensual llamado Tendencias Ecuménicas que está disponible mediante suscripción en formularios impresos y en línea.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio web de las Hermanas Franciscanas de la Expiación
 Sitio web de los Frailes Franciscanos de la Expiación
 Sitio web de la Biblioteca Nacional Católica
 Paul of Graymoor: Fundador de la Sociedad de la Expiación y promotor del Octavario por la Unidad de los Cristianso artículo en catholicism.org
 Madre Lurana, Fundadora de las Hermanas de la Expiación. artículo en  Catholic.org
 Sitio web del Guild Father Paul of Graymoor
Este artículo se basa en la traducción de Society of the Atonement en Wikipedia en inglés, en concreto en la versión https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Society_of_the_Atonement&oldid=993837355 bajo licencia GFDL y CC-BY-SA 3.0

Anglocatolicismo
Conversos al catolicismo desde el anglicanismo
Organizaciones religiosas fundadas en 1898
Ecumenismo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Could an Obama Win Restore America's Global Image?
If the world could vote, Barack Obama would win by a landslide.
He'd take 78 percent of the vote in France, 72 percent in Germany, 70 percent in Canada and 61 percent in Japan, according to global newspaper polls and Harris Interactive, a market research firm in Rochester, N.Y.
Beneath those numbers, running parallel to Obama-mania, is a shifting global view of the United States.
One week before Election Day, the world is revising its opinion of America. After a drop of confidence in the United States, presidential candidate Barack Obama has revived the U.S. brand, exporting a vision of American renewal to a world watching the election with unprecedented interest.
Since President Bush took office in 2000, approval of the United States has dropped, along with its soft power — indirect influence by which the United States can advance its policy goals without the use of force or coercion.
Through wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, plus the ineffable war on terror, America's battle tactics have cut into its moral standing abroad.
Europe experienced the rise of "friendly fire anti-Americanism" when protests against America rocked longstanding U.S. allies such as France, Spain and Germany, where roughly one in three people now hold a favorable view of the United States — significantly fewer since the war in Iraq.
In this year's Pew Global Attitudes poll, the United Kingdom was the only European country surveyed in which a majority of people, 53 percent, expressed a positive view of the United States.


text:
Comment: St Albans Vs Waltham Cross - which would you choose?
Romeland Hill, St Albans: Can Waltham Cross compete? - Credit: Archant
With its fine schools, fabulous countryside and fast rail links into London, Hertfordshire has a long-held rep as a suburban idyll.
But could it be that Herts is losing its touch as a commuter hotspot? TotallyMoney think so, labelling Purfleet in Essex of all places as London's best commuter town.
Herts put up a strong fight, with six towns featuring in the top 25 – more than any other county – but the top spot remained out of reach.
We're used to the likes of St Albans and Harpenden regularly topping these sorts of polls – last year Harpenden was named as Jones Lang LaSalle's best commuter area not served by the Southern rail network, while St Albans came fifth. This time they languished in 87th and 81st place, well below the more low-key likes of Hatfield (17) and Stevenage (56).
This particular list has been compiled using criteria of journey time, season ticket cost, life satisfaction and house prices. And there's the rub.
Average house prices in Purfleet are £210,820, while in Waltham Cross and Cheshunt - the Herts towns in second and third place – they're between £370,000 and £375,000, way cheaper than St Albans or Harpenden (£554,774 and £768,214).
Some would argue that there's a good reason for this – in a recent Guardian article, a local said "The only good thing about Waltham Cross is Fishpools furniture shop: a rose among thorns in a centre full of cheap and tacky clothes and charity shops."
Natives of St Albans and Harpenden may complain about the excessive amount of coffee shops and estate agencies, but neither place could be described as cheap or tacky – God forbid!
And if budget allows, Londoners seeking marginally more space and first class schools are unlikely to stop following the crowds fleeing West Hampstead and Islington for a new life in these parts of Herts, even if TotallyMoney thinks Purfleet is right up their street.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Technology is a wonderful thing. The advent of the Internet, smartphones, and social media has made it possible for people to communicate with each other from almost every corner of the globe.
Unfortunately, there are those who choose to use this incredible ability for nefarious means, such as harassing and infringing on the rights of others. As a parent, you need to be aware of the fact that your child will likely face instances of cyberbullying at some point or another in their lives, and you need to know how to deal with it if the situation arises. If you know how to handle cyberbullies and other online harassment, you'll feel much more at ease whenever your child connects to the web.
Just like real-world bullies, cyberbullies thrive on getting their victims to play back at them. Make sure your children know to never respond to an individual sending threatening or otherwise harmful messages to them electronically.
First of all, your children should know to never stoop to the bully's level. If they do, they run the risk of saying something threatening themselves, and being just as guilty of cyberbullying as the person bothering them. Instill in your children the idea that they are better than that, and that the strongest action they can take is to simply ignore someone's attempts at bullying them.
Secondly, by ignoring the cyberbully, your child takes all the power away from the hurtful individual. If your kid is not willing to engage with the person on the other end of the exchange, then nothing the bully says will affect them.
However, they absolutely should save every word their bully sends them. Usually, there will be no shortage of evidence here, as the bully will continue sending messages – even if your child doesn't say anything back – with the hopes that something they say will trigger a response.
Though copying and pasting these messages is efficient, it also may not "hold up" as evidence if the incident goes far enough to warrant legal action. The best course of action is to take screenshots of the actual messages, whether on the phone or computer, creating a true replication of the messages in question.
You should also document the time, date, and device on which the messages were received. Once again, if the harassment continues, you want to have as much evidence as possible in order for the authorities to be able to act on your complaint.
As an adult, you're likely to take any threat to your child's safety seriously. But you should also be able to assess the threats being made, and decide whether the person on the other end is truly putting your child in danger or not.
This isn't to say that any amount of cyberbullying is OK. But there is a difference between one-off instances in which a classmate of your child called them a name, and ongoing harassment and threats of violence. Depending on the circumstances, you should know how to react and who to inform.
There are numerous ways to figure out who the person on the other end of the line is, even if they try to mask their true identity.
If the cyberbully has been texting or calling your child, you can use reverse phone lookup services to at least discover where the phone in question is being used, as well as what service provider the user has.
You can also use Google to search for screen names and determine if the person on the other end is actually pretending to be someone else.
Still, you may not be able to figure out who the perpetrator is, in which case you should definitely report the suspicious behavior.
Depending on the severity of the incident(s), there are a number of channels you can go through.
The first step is simply to report the abuse to the service the bully is utilizing, be it Facebook, Snapchat, Kik, or Gmail. These service providers take cyberbullying seriously, as they want their users to have as enjoyable an experience as possible when using them.
If you know who the child is, you might begin by informing their parents of the misdeeds. In less severe cases, this may be all that is necessary to combat instances of cyberbullying.
If the child attends the same school or district as your child, you may want to involve teachers and administration in order to curb possible instances of physical bullying that may occur on school grounds. Furthermore, school faculty are trained professionals, as well as mandated reporters. If they are witnesses to true bullying and abuse, they are required by law to report it to police.
To prevent any of this from happening in the first place, or to prevent it from happening again, go through your children's online accounts and ensure that their privacy settings are as restrictive as possible. Set their accounts so that those not approved or "friended" can't view their profile or send them messages.
If it comes to it, you may want to delete your child's social media accounts altogether. Though they may not be happy with the decision, they need to know their safety comes first, no matter what.


text:
Home / Research / Publications
Form and Formula: How the Federal Government Distributes Aid to Students (Viewing Guide)
Authors: Lumina Foundation and the Institute for Higher Education Policy (IHEP)
Form and Formula: How the Federal Government Distributes Aid to Students explains the history of need analysis – the method used to determine the amount of federal aid a student receives – and the method of collecting financial data from students and families. The system of determining need began with colleges and universities each establishing how best to distribute institutional aid while using their own forms to collect data, and evolved to the creation of a robust, national form and formula regulated by the federal government. This 15-minute film closely follows this evolution by documenting the passage of several seminal pieces of higher education legislation and following the diverse efforts of institutions, associations, and policymakers in determining the best form and formula to use when providing students and their families with federal money for college. To complement the film, the Institute for Higher Education Policy (IHEP) has developed a viewing guide that provides a historical look at the distribution mechanisms for financial aid.
How Did We Get Here? Growth of Federal Student Loans (Viewing Guide)
Pell Grant: Building Block of Student-Based Aid (Viewing Guide)
When the Bill Comes Due: Evolution of Student Loan Repayment (Viewing Guide)
The Other Side of the Ledger: Student Aid Through Tax Benefits (Viewing Guide)
Where Financial Aid Began: Partnering with Campuses and States (Viewing Guide)


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text:
describe('Service: debounce', function () {

  beforeEach(module('ngRamen.services.debounce'));

  var debounce, $timeout;

  beforeEach(inject(function (_rmnDebounce_,  _$timeout_) {
    debounce = _rmnDebounce_;
    $timeout = _$timeout_;
  }));

  it('should fucking work', function () {
    expect(debounce).toBeDefined();
  });

  it('shouldnt execute immediately', function(){
    var counter = 0;
    var incr = debounce(function(){
      counter += 1;
    }, 100, false);
    expect(counter).toBe(0);
    incr();
    expect(counter).toBe(0);
  });

  it('should execute immediately', function(){
    var counter = 0;
    var incr = debounce(function(){
      counter += 1;
    }, 100, true);
    incr();
    expect(counter).toBe(1);
  });

  it('should execute after delay', function(){
    var counter = 0;
    var incr = debounce(function(){
      counter += 1;
    }, 200);
    incr();
    expect(counter).toBe(0);
    $timeout.flush(200);
    expect(counter).toBe(1);
  });

  it('should only happen once', function(){
    var counter = 0;
    var incr = debounce(function(){
      counter += 1;
    }, 200);
    incr();
    incr();
    expect(counter).toBe(0);
    $timeout.flush(200);
    expect(counter).toBe(1);
    incr();
    incr();
    $timeout.flush(200);
    expect(counter).toBe(2);
  });

});


I love a good coleslaw and this seasoning was my secret ingredient in my slaw! Watkins coleslaw seasoning hasn't been available for quite a number of years and people still ask for it. I just got access to the secret recipe so you can make it yourself. Guess my secret is out but it's too good not to share. I've included a printable recipe for your convenience.
I'm a big fan of quick and easy, and this fits the bill. I also prefer using real food over processed. This recipe calls for Watkins new organic herbs and spices. Just so you know, I'm an Independent Watkins Consultant and if you purchase Watkins products through my link I'll earn a commission. Thanks in advance, you've got good taste!
Instructions: Combine all ingredients until well blended. Store in an 8 oz glass jar.
1 tablespoon/15 ml Watkins coleslaw seasoning.
Instructions: Combine all ingredients, and mix well. Store in refrigerator until serving time. Makes 4 servings.
Combine all ingredients for seasoning until well blended. Store in a 8 oz glass jar.
For salad, combine all ingredients and mix well.
Store in refrigerator until serving time. Makes 4 servings.
You can use pre-shredded cabbage if you're in a rush.
I like adding grated carrot to our salad for added color and extra nutrition. What do you like to add to your coleslaw?


text:
The 2012 NFL season was the 93rd season of the National Football League (NFL) and the 47th of the Super Bowl era. It began on Wednesday, September 5, 2012, with the defending Super Bowl XLVI champion New York Giants falling to the Dallas Cowboys in the 2012 NFL Kickoff game at MetLife Stadium, and ended with Super Bowl XLVII, the league's championship game, on Sunday, February 3, 2013, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, with the Jim Harbaugh-coached San Francisco 49ers facing the John Harbaugh-coached Baltimore Ravens. The Ravens won the game, which marked the first time two brothers were head coaches for opposing teams in the championship game.

Referee labor dispute

In 2005, the NFL and NFL Referees Association agreed to a contract that would last through the 2011 season. In 2011, the officials' union had planned to use a contract clause to reopen negotiations a year early, but this failed to occur due to the 2011 NFL lockout.

By June 2012, the league and the officials' union had not yet come to terms on a new collective bargaining agreement, thus failing to resolve the labor dispute. The main issues between the union and the league were changes to the retirement plan, salaries, and personnel. On June 4, 2012, the NFL announced it would begin hiring replacement officials.

On September 26, 2012, an agreement was reached to end the lockout after increasing criticism of the NFL and the performance of the replacement officials. The contentious nature of the replacement officials' decision at the end of the Green Bay Packers–Seattle Seahawks game two days earlier was widely considered to have been the tipping point that finally led to an agreement. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell acknowledged that the game "may have pushed the parties further along" in negotiations.

Player movement
The 2012 NFL League year and trading period began at 4pm EST on March 13 2012, which marked the start of the league's free agency period. The per-team salary cap was set at US$120,600,000, marginally increased from US$120,000,000 the previous year.

Free agency
Notable players to change teams during free agency included:

Quarterbacks Jason Campbell (Oakland to Chicago), Matt Flynn (Green Bay to Seattle), Chad Henne (Miami to Jacksonville), Peyton Manning (Indianapolis to Denver) and Kyle Orton (Kansas City to Dallas)
Running backs Cedric Benson (Cincinnati to Green Bay), Michael Bush (Oakland to Chicago) and BenJarvus Green-Ellis (New England to Cincinnati)
Fullbacks Le'Ron McClain (Kansas City to San Diego) and Mike Tolbert (San Diego to Carolina)
Wide receivers Pierre Garcon (Indianapolis to Washington), Vincent Jackson (San Diego to Tampa Bay), Jacoby Jones (Houston to Baltimore), Brandon Lloyd (St. Louis to New England), Mario Manningham (New York Giants to San Francisco), Robert Meachem (New Orleans to San Diego), Laurent Robinson (Dallas to Jacksonville) and Eddie Royal (Denver to San Diego)
Tight ends Martellus Bennett (Dallas to New York Giants), Kevin Boss (Oakland to Kansas City), John Carlson (Seattle to Minnesota), Dallas Clark (Indianapolis to Tampa Bay) and Jacob Tamme (Indianapolis to Denver)
Offensive tackles Demetress Bell (Buffalo to Philadelphia) and Eric Winston (Houston to Kansas City)
Guards Mike Brisiel (Houston to Oakland), Ben Grubbs (Baltimore to New Orleans), Steve Hutchinson (Minnesota to Tennessee) and Carl Nicks (New Orleans to Tampa Bay)
Centers Jeff Saturday (Indianapolis to Green Bay) and Scott Wells (Green Bay to St. Louis)
Defensive ends Mark Anderson (New England to Buffalo), Mario Williams (Houston to Buffalo) and Kamerion Wimbley (Oakland to Tennessee)
Defensive tackles Brodrick Bunkley (Denver to New Orleans), Kendall Langford (Miami to St. Louis) and Cory Redding (Baltimore to Indianapolis)
Linebackers David Hawthorne (Seattle to New Orleans), Jarret Johnson (Baltimore to San Diego) and Curtis Lofton (Atlanta to New Orleans)
Cornerbacks Ronald Bartell (St. Louis to Oakland), Brandon Carr (Kansas City to Dallas), Cortland Finnegan (Tennessee to St. Louis), Richard Marshall (Arizona to Miami), Tracy Porter (New Orleans to Denver), Stanford Routt (Oakland to Kansas City) and Eric Wright (Detroit to Tampa Bay)
Safeties Mike Adams (Cleveland to Denver) and LaRon Landry (Washington to New York Jets).

Trades
The following notable trades were made during the 2012 league year:

 March 14: Miami traded WR Brandon Marshall to Chicago in exchange for third-round selections in the 2012 and 2013 drafts.
 March 21: Houston traded LB DeMeco Ryans and their third-round selection to Philadelphia for their third- and fourth-round selections in the 2012 draft.
 March 26: Denver traded QB Tim Tebow and their seventh-round selection to New York Jets in exchange for fourth- and sixth-round selections.
 April 12: Cincinnati traded LB Keith Rivers to New York Giants in exchange for a fifth-round selection.
 April 26: Philadelphia traded CB Asante Samuel to Atlanta in exchange for a seventh-round selection.
 August 27: Miami traded CB Vontae Davis to Indianapolis in exchange for a second-round selection and a conditional sixth-round selection in 2013.
 November 1: Tampa Bay traded CB Aqib Talib and a seventh-round selection to New England for a fourth-round selection.

Draft
The 2012 NFL Draft was held from April 26 to 28, 2012 at New York City's Radio City Music Hall. With the first pick, the Indianapolis Colts selected quarterback Andrew Luck from Stanford.

Referee change
Bill Vinovich returned to the field as a substitute referee, working several games during the season. He was originally promoted to referee in 2004, but had to leave the field in 2007 because of a heart condition. During his recovery, he served as a replay official.

Rule changes
The following rule changes have been approved by the competition committee for the 2012 season:

 The Replay Booth can initiate replay reviews on turnover plays at any time during the game, similar to a change made in the 2011 season regarding booth reviews on scoring plays outside of the final 2:00 of the game or in overtime. The penalty for throwing a challenge flag immediately after such "unchallengable" plays was also modified: in addition to the 15-yard unsportsmanlike conduct penalty, the Replay Booth will automatically rule that the call will stand without initiating a replay review. This part of the rule was repealed prior to the 2013 season.
 Instant Replay is also expanded to include the following situations
A Ruling of "runner out of Bounds" when there is a Fumble and a recovery following that fumble
A Ruling of "incomplete Forward Pass" when there is a Backward Pass and a recovery following the backward pass
 The overtime rules in the playoffs (adopted for the 2010 season) would be extended to the pre-season and regular season.  Instead of a straight sudden death, the game will not immediately end if the team that receives the ball first scores a field goal on its first possession (they can still win the game if they score a touchdown and the game will end if the defense scores a safety). Instead, the other team gets a possession. If the second team on offense then scores a touchdown, it is declared the winner. If the score is tied after both teams had a possession, whether both teams kicked a field goal or neither team scored, then it goes to sudden death.  If the score remains tied at the end of overtime, the game ends in a tie.
The first regular season game that the new overtime rules were used was a Week 1 contest between the Jacksonville Jaguars and the Minnesota Vikings. Minnesota took the opening kickoff of overtime and scored on a field goal, then stopped Jacksonville on fourth down.
The first regular season game where both teams scored a field goal on their respective first possessions of overtime was the Week 11 game between the Jaguars and the Houston Texans. The Texans then won the game, becoming the first NFL team to score twice in overtime under the new format.
 The penalty for 12 men on the field (not in the huddle) is changed from a live-ball foul to a dead-ball foul, with the whistle being blown if the defense has 12 men on the field and the "snap is imminent".
 Adding anyone who is subject to a crack-back block to the list of defenseless players.
 Last names on uniforms can now include generational suffixes such as Roman numerals (in the case of Robert Griffin III), Junior (Jr.), and Senior (Sr.) designations.
 Officials no longer could wear white knickers with their uniforms. The full length black pants with a white stripe down the side, worn for cold weather games since 2006, became mandatory for all games.

Other changes
On August 30, 2012, the owners and NFLPA agreed to the following changes regarding player movement:
 The trade deadline has been set as the Tuesday following week 8 of the season. Previously, the trade deadline was the Tuesday following week 6. The deadline was moved back another two days to November 1 due to potential complications regarding Hurricane Sandy as league offices were closed due to the storm.
 Teams may designate one player who had been placed on injured reserve prior to the start of the season to return to the 53-man roster later in the season and play.  That player is eligible to return to practice after week 6 and to play after week 8.

Regular season

Late Sunday doubleheader kickoff time change
The league announced on June 28 that all late Sunday doubleheader games will be moved ten minutes later from 4:15 p.m. ET to 4:25 p.m. Late games broadcast on the single game network will still remain at 4:05 p.m. The league cited 44 early games from the 2009 to 2011 seasons in which part of the audience had to be switched immediately to the kickoff of their home team's doubleheader game, and thus miss the end of the first game. The 4:15 p.m. late doubleheader kickoff time dates back to the 1998 season when the NFL moved it from 4:05 p.m. for the same reason.

Matchups
As per the NFL's scheduling formula, the intraconference and interconference matchups were:

Intraconference
 AFC East vs. AFC South
 AFC North vs. AFC West
 NFC East vs. NFC South
 NFC North vs. NFC West

Interconference
 AFC East vs. NFC West
 AFC North vs. NFC East
 AFC South vs. NFC North
 AFC West vs. NFC South

Other highlights
Highlights of the 2012 schedule include:
 NFL Kickoff Game: The 2012 regular season began on Wednesday, September 5, as the defending Super Bowl XLVI champion New York Giants hosted the Dallas Cowboys, and the Cowboys beat the Giants 24–17. The game was moved from its usual Thursday slot to avoid conflict with the last day of the Democratic National Convention.
 More Thursday night games: On February 3, 2012, commissioner Roger Goodell announced that the number of Thursday night games on the NFL Network will increase from eight to 13 games from weeks 2 through 15, excluding Week 12 (the Thanksgiving night game will now air on NBC).  This will ensure that every team will have at least one prime time game.
 International Series:  The 2012 International Series game featured the St. Louis hosting the New England on October 28, at 1:00 p.m. EDT (5:00 p.m. GMT) on CBS, at the permanent International Series home—Wembley Stadium in London, England. The Patriots won the game 45–7. Though the league had originally promised to add a second game in Ireland, Scotland or Wales beginning in 2012, the league canceled the game, citing the 2012 Summer Olympics in London as a conflict (the league canceled a second International Series game in 2010 as well, citing the ongoing negotiations of the collective bargaining agreement). This was to be the first of three consecutive International Series appearances for the Rams, but the Rams announced they would no longer take part in the 2013 and 2014 editions due to fan backlash in St. Louis; beginning in 2013, the Jacksonville Jaguars will serve as the permanent International Series tenant instead.
 Redskins Rule: The last Washington Redskins home game before the 2012 Presidential Election took place on November 4 against the Carolina Panthers. According to the "Redskins Rule," because the Redskins lost that game 21–13, the incumbent President was forecast to lose his bid for re-election on Election Day. In the end, the Redskins Rule failed to come to fruition.
 Thanksgiving Day games: Three games were played on Thursday, November 22. The two traditional Thanksgiving games saw the Houston defeat the Detroit, 34–31 in overtime; followed by the Washington defeat their longtime division rivals, the Dallas, 38–31. In the prime-time Thanksgiving game, which for the first time aired on NBC, the New England  defeated the New York Jets 49–19. The Patriots scored 35 points in the second quarter, including a return of the "butt fumble" for a touchdown.
 Bills Toronto Series. The fifth and, under current contract, final regular-season game of the series, which saw the Buffalo play in Toronto's Rogers Centre, featured the Bills hosting the Seattle on December 16. The Seahawks defeated the Bills 50–17. Due to a re-emergence of late-season attendance problems at Ralph Wilson Stadium, the Toronto Series will return to its original timing after the end of the 2012 CFL season. Although a preseason game was originally going to be played in 2012 as part of the series, it was canceled due to a lack of available dates at the Rogers Centre.
 Christmas Eve: Christmas Eve fell on a Monday in 2012. Since the NFL usually avoids scheduling games on the night of Christmas Eve, the ESPN Monday Night game for that week was instead played on Saturday, December 22, between the Atlanta and the Detroit. It was the only Saturday game played during the 2012 regular season and the Falcons won the game 31–18. This also prevented a conflict with ESPN also covering the college football bowl game, the Hawaii Bowl which was played on December 24.
 Playoffs: The last regular season games were held on Sunday, December 30. The playoffs started on Saturday, January 5, 2013 and the conference championship games were held on Sunday, January 20; the NFC Championship was played at 3:00 p.m. EST on Fox, and the AFC Championship followed at 6:30 p.m. EST on CBS. Super Bowl XLVII, the league's championship game, was on February 3 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, and was televised on CBS with kickoff around 6:20 p.m. EST. Pre-game programming began that morning with CBS News Sunday Morning and Face the Nation being Super Bowl-centric followed by "official" pregame programming.

The Pro Football Hall of Fame Game was played August 5 and featured a match-up between the Arizona and the New Orleans. The Saints last appeared in the game in 2007; former Saints offensive tackle Willie Roaf was inducted as part of the Hall of Fame ceremonies. The Cardinals played there for the first time since 1986, when the franchise was still located in St. Louis. As with the originally announced 2011 game, this matchup broke from the game's usual tradition of featuring two teams from opposing conferences (the 2011 Hall of Fame Game would've featured the Chicago and St. Louis, but the game was canceled due to the 2011 NFL lockout). The game, normally airing on NBC, instead aired this season on NFL Network due to NBC airing the 2012 Summer Olympics, as it had done in 2007. The Saints defeated the Cardinals, 17–10. The remainder of the 2012 preseason matchups were revealed on April 4.

The November 11 game between the San Francisco and the St. Louis ended in a rare tied game, with each team scoring 24 points, none in the overtime period. Prior to this, the last tie game had been in 2008.

The 2013 Pro Bowl was held in Hawaii on January 27, 2013, after New Orleans was briefly considered as a site.  Originally, the NFL delayed announcing a date or venue for the game, and even considered eliminating the game altogether due to the NFL's displeasure with the quality of play in the 2012 Pro Bowl.

Scheduling changes
The following games were rescheduled by the NFL using flexible scheduling to promote what the NFL deems to be its best games, typically because of their playoff implications:

 Week 11: The Indianapolis–New England game was moved from 1:00 p.m. EST to 4:25 p.m. EST.
 Week 16: The San Francisco–Seattle game, originally scheduled at 4:25 p.m. EST on Fox, was flexed into the 8:20 p.m. EST time slot on NBC Sunday Night Football. The San Diego–New York Jets game, originally scheduled at that time and network, was moved back to the 1:00 p.m. EST time slot on CBS, while the New York Giants–Baltimore game was moved from 1:00 p.m. EST to 4:25 p.m. EST.
 Week 17: The Dallas–Washington game, originally scheduled at 1:00 p.m. EST, was selected as the final Sunday Night Football game, which for the second consecutive season decided the NFC East division champion. The Miami–New England and Green Bay–Minnesota games were moved from 1:00 p.m. EST to 4:25 p.m. EST.

Regular season standings

Division

Conference

Postseason

Playoffs bracket

Controversies

Saints bounty scandal

In 2012, the New Orleans Saints were discovered to have run a "slush fund" under former defensive coordinator Gregg Williams, that paid out bonuses, called "bounties", to purposely injure offensive players that the Saints were playing against. The system was known to have operated during Williams's time in Buffalo and Washington. Rumors started in 2009 during the Saints Super Bowl XLIV run in the 2009 NFC Championship game against the Vikings, where the Saints defense was allegedly trying to hurt Vikings quarterback Brett Favre. Other than the Vikings, the Saints also allegedly targeted Chicago Bears and Carolina Panthers players, and the program became even more notorious in the 2011 NFL Divisional Playoff Game against the San Francisco 49ers, when filmmaker Sean Pamphilon released audio tapes of Williams telling his players to injure a select group of 49ers, with one of them being running back Kendall Hunter, and to knock him out, as well as going after Kyle Williams because of his past history of concussions. Williams also told them to injure Vernon Davis' ankles and tear wide receiver Michael Crabtree's ACL. According to Pamphilon, Williams also appeared to put a bounty on quarterback Alex Smith after he told his men to hit Smith in the chin, "then he rubs his thumb against his index and middle fingers – the cash sign – and says, I got the first one. I got the first one. Go get it. Go lay that [expletive] out."

Ultimately, Goodell handed down one of the harshest penalties in league history, by suspending Williams indefinitely, head coach Sean Payton for the entire 2012 season, interim head coach Joe Vitt for the first 6 games, and general manager Mickey Loomis for 8 games. Saints linebacker Jonathan Vilma was also suspended for the season, as well as defensive linemen Anthony Hargrove and Will Smith for 8 and 4 games, respectively. Former Saints and current Cleveland Browns linebacker Scott Fujita was also suspended for 3 games. The player's suspensions were later thrown out on appeal.

Chargers Stickum
During the Monday Night Football game on October 15 between the San Diego Chargers and the Denver Broncos, officials checked the hands of Chargers players, under the suspicion that players were using Stickum or a similar banned adhesive on players' towels to gain a competitive edge. Chargers' head coach Norv Turner strenuously denied the accusations. The towels were revealed to have Gorilla Gold Grip Enhancer. The Chargers were fined $20,000 by the NFL for failing to immediately surrender team towels when requested, but were cleared of illegal substance use. Gorilla Gold was subsequently banned from use by the NFL.

League averages
There were a total of 11,651 points scored during the 2012 NFL regular season. The average points scored among all the teams in the NFL was 22.8 points per game.

The New England Patriots had the highest point differential, scoring an average of 14.1 points more than their opponents. The Kansas City Chiefs had the lowest point differential scoring an average of 13.4 points less than their opponents.

Records
Jason Hanson set the record for most consecutive seasons with one team. He has been the kicker for the Detroit Lions for 21 seasons.
Ed Reed of the Baltimore Ravens broke Rod Woodson's record for interception return yardage in a week one game against the Cincinnati Bengals. He is now the all-time leader in interception return yards with 1,541.
Robert Griffin III became the only player in NFL history to pass for 300+ yards and 2 touchdowns without throwing an interception in his first start.
 David Akers tied the NFL record for longest field goal (63 yards).
 Peyton Manning joined Dan Marino and Brett Favre as the only players to throw at least 400 touchdowns.
Week 1 set a record for being the highest scoring opening week in NFL history. The new record of 791 points is 3 points higher than the 2002 record. Five teams scored more than 40 points, also the most in NFL history.
NFL sets record with 20 teams at 1–1.
Drew Brees' record streak of consecutive games with 300 plus yards passing ended at 9 games in a week 3 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs. His streak began in week 10 of the 2011 season.
Danny Amendola of the St. Louis Rams had 12 receptions in the first half of the week two game vs. Washington to tie the NFL record for most receptions in the first half set by the Indianapolis Colts' Reggie Wayne in 2007.
The Tennessee Titans scored a record five touchdowns of 60-plus yards in one game (1 punt return, 2 pass plays, 1 kickoff return, 1 fumble return) against the Detroit Lions in week 3.
The week 3 game between the New England Patriots and Baltimore Ravens produced an NFL record 13 first downs via penalties. Of the 13, New England was awarded 8 and Baltimore 5.
In week 4, Rams rookie kicker Greg Zuerlein became the first player in league history to make kicks from 50-plus and 60-plus yards in the same game.
Drew Brees' record of 48 consecutive games with a touchdown pass in week 5 vs. San Diego (the first team Brees played for) broke Johnny Unitas' record that had stood since 1960. The streak ended at 54 games in week thirteen against the Atlanta Falcons.
Charles Tillman and Lance Briggs set a new record by intercepting a pass for a touchdown in both Week 4 and Week 5. They became the first pair of teammates in NFL history to each return an interception for a touchdown in consecutive games.
In week five the San Francisco 49ers became the first team in NFL history with 300 yards passing and 300 yards rushing vs. the Buffalo Bills.
Chris Johnson of the Tennessee Titans ran for an 83-yard touchdown in the first quarter of the Titans' win over the Buffalo Bills to become the first player in NFL history with four 80-plus yard touchdown runs in a career.
The Kansas City Chiefs set a record of seven consecutive games without holding a lead, previously set by the 1929 Buffalo Bisons.
Week 8: New England gained over 350 yards of total offense for the 17th straight game, breaking an NFL record set by the Rams in 1999–2000.
By allowing 530 yards by the Broncos in week eight, the New Orleans Saints became the first team to allow 400-plus yards in seven games in a row since 1950, which is as far back as STATS LLC can search its NFL database. Record ended at ten games through week 11.
In week 8, Jason Witten of the Cowboys caught 18 passes against the Giants. This set a new NFL record for catches in a game by a tight end, and was the third most in a single game by any player in NFL history.
Through week eight Peyton Manning has increased his record of most regular season games with 300 plus yards passing to 68 games.
 Andrew Luck broke the NFL's single-game rookie record when he threw for 433 yards to lead the Indianapolis Colts past the Miami Dolphins.
Chicago became the first team in NFL history to record a touchdown pass, a touchdown run, an interception return for a touchdown, and a blocked kick/punt for a score in the same quarter in their week 9 game against the Tennessee Titans.
 Charles Tillman became the first player in the NFL to force four fumbles in one game since the stat became tracked in 1991.
 Doug Martin became the first player in league history to record touchdown runs of 70-plus, 65-plus, and 45-plus yards in a single game. He joined Denver's Mike Anderson as the only players in league history with at least 250 rushing yards and four touchdowns in a game.
 Jacoby Jones of the Ravens became the first player in league history with two career kickoff returns of at least 105 yards. He returned one for 108 yards against Dallas; he followed it up a few weeks later when he returned one for 105 yards against Oakland, simultaneously tying the record for longest kickoff return on the former return.
 Andrew Luck set the rookie record with six games of at least 300 yards passing.
 Leon Washington of the Seahawks returned a kickoff for a touchdown for the eighth time to tie the NFL career record.
 Calvin Johnson of the Lions broke the NFL season receiving yards record against the Falcons on December 22.
 Blair Walsh broke the NFL single season record for most field goals made in a season of over 50 yards on December 23 against the Texans.
 Placekicker Kai Forbath of the Redskins set a new NFL record with 17 consecutive field goals to start a career.
 Andrew Luck broke the rookie record for passing yards in a season on December 23.
 Jason Witten broke the NFL single season record for catches by a tight end on December 23.
 Adrian Peterson became the seventh player in NFL history to rush for 2,000 yards in a single season by rushing for 199 yards in Week 17, bringing his season total to 2,097 rushing yards. This also brings him just nine yards short of breaking Eric Dickerson's record set in 1984 and gives him the all-time second best single season record for rushing yards.
 Russell Wilson tied Peyton Manning's rookie record for touchdown passes in a single season with 26.
 The New England Patriots gained an NFL record 444 first downs.
 The 2012 regular season set the NFL record for total points scored in a season with 11,651; the 22.8 points-per-game for each team is also the highest since the AFL-NFL merger.
 The Minnesota Vikings set the NFL record for most playoff losses with 27.
 The Minnesota Vikings broke the NFL record for most road playoff losses with 16.
 The New England Patriots tied the St. Louis Rams' record set from 1999–2001 for the most consecutive seasons scoring 500 or more points with three.
 Robert Griffin III set a passer rating of 102.4, to break Ben Roethlisberger's record for the highest rating by a rookie.
 Most home playoff games won: 20, San Francisco 49ers
 Colin Kaepernick set record for most rushing yards by a quarterback in a single game, with 181 yards.
 Tom Brady set the record for most playoff games won with 17.
 Most conference championship games played starting quarterback (tie): 7, Tom Brady
 Russell Wilson set a rookie record for passing yards in a playoff game : 385.
 Joe Flacco tied Joe Montana's record for most touchdown passes (11) without an interception in a postseason

Regular season statistical leaders

Awards

All-Pro Team

Players of the Week/Month
The following were named the top performers during the 2012 season:

Season awards

The 2nd Annual NFL Honors, saluting the best players and plays from 2012 season, was held at the Mahalia Jackson Theater in New Orleans, Louisiana on February 2, 2013.

Team superlatives

Offense
Most points scored: New England, 557 (34.8 PPG)
Fewest points scored: Kansas City, 211 (13.2 PPG)
Most total offensive yards: New England, 6,846
Fewest total offensive yards: Arizona, 4,209
Most total passing yards: New Orleans, 4,997
Fewest total passing yards: Kansas City, 2,713
Most rushing yards: Washington, 2,709
Fewest rushing yards: Arizona, 1,204

Defense
Fewest points allowed: Seattle, 245 (15.3 PPG)
Most points allowed: Tennessee, 471 (29.4 PPG)
Fewest total yards allowed (defense): Pittsburgh, 4,413
Most total yards allowed (defense): New Orleans, 7,042
Fewest passing yards allowed: Pittsburgh, 2,963
Most passing yards allowed (defense): Tampa Bay, 4,758
Fewest rushing yards allowed (defense): Tampa Bay, 1,320
Most rushing yards allowed (defense): New Orleans, 2,361

Coaching changes

Pre-season changes

In-season
The following head coaches were replaced in-season:

Uniforms
Nike became the official uniform provider for the NFL, succeeding Reebok, which had a decade-long partnership in that capacity. On April 3, Nike unveiled the new uniforms for all 32 teams. Cosmetically, the new jerseys did not show drastic differences save for the aforementioned changes to the Seattle Seahawks' uniforms.
The Carolina Panthers unveiled an updated logo and word mark in late January 2012, though it has been reported that the actual uniforms will not be altered at the present time.
The Denver Broncos switched their primary home jersey color from navy blue to orange. The orange jerseys that served as the team's alternate colored jersey from 2002–2011 became the primary home jersey, while the navy blue jerseys that served as the team's primary home jersey from 1997–2011 switched to the alternate designation. The change was made due to overwhelming popularity with fans, who clamored for the team to return to wearing orange at home, which was the team's predominant home jersey color from 1962–1996.
The Houston Texans celebrated 10 years as a franchise by wearing an anniversary patch throughout the season.
The Jacksonville Jaguars switched their primary home jersey color from teal to black, beginning with their Week 5 (October 7, 2012) game against the Chicago Bears.
The Kansas City Chiefs debuted captains' patches to their uniforms for the first time in the Week 10 (November 12, 2012) game against Pittsburgh. The patches would remain through the rest of the season but were removed in 2013.
 The Pittsburgh Steelers unveiled a new throwback uniform in April 2012, which was worn in games against the Washington Redskins and the Baltimore Ravens. The uniforms, based on the 1934 Pittsburgh Pirates (the predecessors to the Steelers), feature broad black and Aztec gold horizontal stripes across the jerseys and socks, reminiscent of bumblebees and prison uniforms.
The Seattle Seahawks replaced Seahawk blue with College Navy as the color of their primary uniforms. Their new uniforms consist of a navy blue jersey as their primary home jersey, a white jersey as their primary away jersey, and a wolf grey jersey as an alternate. The Seahawks have three pairs of pants: navy blue with action green feather trim, white with navy blue feather trim, and wolf grey with navy blue feather trim. Each pair of pants, as well as the collar of the jerseys, feature 12 feathers, in honor of the fans, who refer to themselves as the '12th Man'. The Seahawks also tweaked their logo, by changing the lower left stripe from light blue to grey.
The Washington Redskins wore throwback uniforms to celebrate their 80th anniversary in their game against the Panthers.
The Baltimore Ravens dedicated their season to former owner and founder Art Modell, who died on September 6, 2012. On Week 1, all team members wore an "Art" decal on their helmets, and for the rest of their season, they wore an "Art" patch on the left side of their jerseys.
During the 2012 Pro Bowl, Nike debuted new team color specific cleats and new team specific Vapor Jet gloves. Similar to gloves worn at the collegiate level, the Vapor Jet gloves feature individual team colors and team logos on the glove palms.
The Carolina Panthers'  has the phrase "KEEP POUNDING" inside the collar which commemorates former Panther Sam Mills' battle with cancer.
Nike's new jerseys also introduced what the company calls a "body-contoured fit". However, several players, primarily heavier players such as offensive linemen, reported that the new, tighter-fitting uniforms made them "look fat".
Introduced in Week 5 after the end of the referee lockout, the new referee uniform used the NFL's "Orbit" font that the league uses in its branding and marketing.
During Weeks 14 and 15, all teams wore a commemorative patch celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Media changes
This was the seventh season under the television contracts with the league's television partners. On December 14, 2011, the NFL announced that it had extended all of its broadcasting contracts through 2022. There were some changes to the contracts, with the most immediate change in 2012 being the Thanksgiving night game being promoted from NFL Network's Thursday Night Football package to NBC's Sunday Night Football package. CBS continued to primarily televise AFC afternoon away games, Fox airing NFC afternoon away games, and ESPN broadcasting Monday Night Football games.

ESPN made a cut to its Monday Night Football broadcasts, removing Ron Jaworski from the broadcast booth and moving to a two-man announcing crew; Mike Tirico will continue on play-by-play while Jon Gruden continues as the sole color commentator. One year prior, the network had switched from two sideline reporters to one.

The 2013 Pro Bowl was televised by NBC; although the game was normally assigned to the Super Bowl's broadcaster, CBS declined.

The NFL authorized a new rule loosening the league's blackout restrictions during the 2012 offseason. For the first time in NFL history, the new rule no longer requires a stadium to be sold out to televise a game; instead, teams were allowed to set a benchmark anywhere from 85 to 100 percent of the stadium's non-premium seats. Any seats sold beyond that benchmark will be subject to heavier revenue sharing. Four clubs opted to set the lower TV threshold: the Miami Dolphins, the Minnesota Vikings, the Oakland Raiders, and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. At least four other teams expressly refused to lower their threshold; one case, that of the Buffalo Bills, was particularly controversial, as Buffalo congressman Brian Higgins had lobbied for the loosening of the blackout restrictions only for the Bills to rebuff his efforts, saying such a move would threaten the team's revenue.

References
Specific references

General references

National Football League
2012


The electrical engineering program objectives are designed to promote technical competence, professional development, and citizenship in the global community.
Graduates will apply their technical skills in mathematics, science and engineering to the solution of complex problems encountered in modern electrical engineering practice.
Graduates will model, analyze, design and experimentally evaluate components or systems that achieve desired technical specifications subject to the reality of economic constraints.
Graduates will compete effectively in a world of rapid technological change and assume leadership roles within industrial, entrepreneurial, academic or governmental environments in the broad context of electrical engineering.
Some graduates who choose to redirect their careers will be employed in diverse fields such as healthcare, business, law, computer science, multimedia and music through graduate-level studies and the process of lifelong learning.
Graduates will use their communication skills to function effectively both as individuals and as members of multidisciplinary and multicultural teams in a diverse global economy.
Graduates will engage in highly ethical and professional practices that account for the global, environmental and societal impact of engineering decisions.
The requirement for the degree is 131 units. A cumulative grade point average of C (2.0) is required for all courses taken at USC as well as all upper division courses applied towards the major, regardless of the department in which the courses are taken. See also common requirements for undergraduate degrees.
**Satisfies GE Category III requirement.
Students are required to take four entry-level electives from the following list: EE 201L (4), EE 241 (3), EE 322 (3), EE 337L (3), EE 338 (3), EE 348L (4), EE 357 (3).
Students must fulfill a minimum requirement of three 400-level elective courses in electrical engineering. Of these, one must be a capstone design course from the following list: EE 422x (3), EE 423Lx (3), EE 434Lx (4) EE 447Lx (4), EE 459Lx (3), EE 484x (3).
Free elective courses that complete the 37-unit elective requirement are to be chosen in consultation with the student's academic adviser. Students are encouraged to pursue minor options when satisfying this requirement.
A minor in music recording is offered through the USC Thornton School of Music to provide undergraduate students with the background necessary to enter the field of recording engineering and to familiarize them with the design needs of modern recording equipment. The minor is recommended to electrical engineering majors with extensive musical training who would like to combine their technical and musical abilities while learning the engineering applications of physical and mathematical principles to the art of music recording. See the Thornton School of Music.
A minimum grade point average of 3.0 must be earned on all course work applied toward the master's degree in electrical engineering. This average must also be achieved on all 400-level and above course work attempted at USC beyond the bachelor's degree and through an accumulation of no more than 45 units. Transfer units count as credit (CR) toward the master's degree and are not computed in the grade point average.
In addition to the general requirements of the Viterbi School of Engineering, the Master of Science in electrical engineering is also subject to the following requirements: (1) a total of at least 27 units is required; (2) every non-EE course for graduate credit requires prior written adviser approval recorded each semester on a special request form in the student's department file; (3) no more than three courses (maximum 12 units) may be counted at the 400 level – at least 18 adviser-approved units must be taken at the 500 or 600 level; (4) at least 18 units must be taken in electrical engineering, those not in EE require written adviser approval and must be technical in nature; (5) to achieve a degree of breadth in their program, students are encouraged to take two technical courses outside their area of specialization but within EE; (6) at least 21 of the 27 units must be taken in the Viterbi School of Engineering; (7) units to be transferred (maximum four with adviser approval) must have been taken prior to taking classes at USC — interruption of residency is not allowed.
The aerospace controls option is available as an area of emphasis for MSEE students interested in learning to apply innovative control techniques to aerospace control problems. In addition to 18 approved units of electrical engineering courses, students in this option will take at least three of the following aerospace and mechanical engineering courses: AME 453 Engineering Dynamics (3); AME 531 Aerodynamics of Wings and Bodies (3); AME 532ab Flight Vehicle Stability and Control (3-3); AME 525 Engineering Analysis (3); AME 526 Engineering Analytical Methods (3); ASTE 580 Orbital Mechanics I (3).
Under the computer networks option students must satisfy the M.S., Electrical Engineering requirements with the exception that only 15 units of EE are required. It is expected that each student in this program will take or have taken the equivalent of the following fundamental courses: CSCI 402x, EE 450, EE 457Lx, and EE 465. The following required courses must be included: CSCI 551, EE 549 or EE 550, and EE 555. Suggested elective courses include: CSCI 530, CSCI 555, CSCI 558L, CSCI 570, CSCI 694a, CSCI 694b, EE 532, EE 535, EE 554, EE 557, EE 558, EE 579, EE 590, EE 599, EE 650, EE 652, EE 659. Any other course must be approved by a faculty adviser. No more than three courses (maximum 12 units) may be counted at the 400 level – at least 18 adviser-approved units must be taken at the 500 or 600 level. Total units required for the degree is 27.
See Multimedia and Creative Technologies.
See Systems Architecting and Engineering.
The Master of Science in Electrical Engineering (VLSI design) is earned by successfully completing the normal requirements for the Master of Science in electrical engineering, with the following additional required courses: EE 536a; EE 577a; EE 577b or EE 536b; and EE 552. If a student chooses to take EE 536b as well as EE 577b, the student may either count EE 536b as one of the courses for Area 2 or EE 577b as one of the courses for Area 1 or Area 3. No more than three courses (maximum 12 units) may be counted at the 400 level – at least 18 adviser-approved units must be taken at the 500 or 600 level.
Area 1: CSCI 455x, EE 560, EE 577b (see above), EE 658, EE 680 and EE 681.
Area 2: EE 448L, EE 504L, EE 536b (see above), EE 537 and EE 630.
Area 3: CSCI 455x, CSCI 570, EE 557, EE 560, EE 577b (see above), EE 659 and EE 677.
With explicit approval of a faculty adviser, EE 599 Special Topics and/or 3 units of EE 590 Directed Research may be used to meet requirements for any of the approved areas.
The remaining courses must be technical electives approved by the adviser, and can including the following: EE 501, EE 502, EE 504L, EE 506, EE 540, EE 554, EE 560, EE 590, EE 601 and EE 677.
The Master of Science in Electrical Engineering (Wireless Health Technology) reflects a partnership between the Viterbi School of Engineering, the Keck School of Medicine, and other institutions engaged in health care research. The program of study features targeted engineering courses, a rigorous exposure to general medicine, and relevant internship practice (a total of 38 units).
Students are expected to have a background in probability equivalent to EE 464 or EE 465; a background in linear algebra equivalent to EE 441; and experience with a programming language such as C or C++. Admitted students who do not meet prerequisites by placement examination will be assigned courses to complete the deficiencies.
The objective of this program is the training of graduate students with engineering, applied mathematics or physics backgrounds in the application of mathematical and engineering tools to finance. Financial engineering is a multidisciplinary education program that involves the Viterbi School of Engineering, the Marshall School of Business and the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences (Department of Economics). Financial engineering uses tools from finance and economics, engineering, applied mathematics and statistics to address problems such as derivative securities valuation, strategic planning and dynamic investment strategies, and risk management, which are of interest to investment and commercial banks, trading companies, hedge funds, insurance companies, corporate risk managers and regulatory agencies.A minimum grade point average of 3.0 must be earned on all course work applied toward the master's degree in financial engineering. Transfer units count as credit (CR) toward the master's degree and are not computed in the grade point average. In addition to the general requirements of the Viterbi School of Engineering, the Master of Science in financial engineering is also subject to the following requirements: (1) a total of at least 27 units is required, 18 of which have to be from the Viterbi School of Engineering; (2) every plan of study requires prior written approval by the contact faculty of the program; (3) units to be transferred (maximum of four with adviser approval) must have been taken prior to taking classes at USC; interruption of residency is not allowed.
The Viterbi Integrated Master of Science Program (VIP) allows selected undergraduates from U.S. institutions that are partnered with the Viterbi School to complete the Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with a 6-unit reduction of the total 27 units required.
The VIP Master of Science in Electrical Engineering is subject to the following requirements: (1) students must complete a total of at least 21 units; (2) at least 18 units must be completed at the 500 or 600 level; (3) at least 18 units must be taken in electrical engineering; (4) a minimum grade point average of 3.0 must be earned on all course work applied toward the master's degree in electrical engineering and all course work attempted at USC beyond the bachelor's degree. Students are encouraged to complete two technical courses outside their area of specialization but within EE to achieve a degree of breadth in their plan of study.
To be eligible for the VIP program, students must have completed the equivalent of at least two 400-level preparatory courses at their undergraduate institution from the list below prior to enrollment at USC. A designated department adviser for the USC VIP program must approve the course selections.
Students applying to the VIP must be recommended by a faculty representative at a partner undergraduate institution; complete the regular graduate admission application (with exception of the GRE); and hold junior standing in electrical engineering with a 3.5 GPA or better on major related course work.
A graduate student who already holds a master's degree from USC or another accredited engineering school may apply up to four units toward a second master's degree with the permission of the chair of the major department. All credit, including the transferred units, must be earned within seven calendar years.
Requirements for the Engineer in electrical engineering are the same as those listed under Engineer degree, except that both areas of concentration must be in electrical engineering.
The Doctor of Philosophy with a major in electrical engineering is awarded in strict conformity with the general requirements of the USC Graduate School. See general requirements for graduate degrees. Departmental requirements for this degree consist of a concentrated program of study and research and a dissertation. Each student wishing to undertake a doctoral program must first be admitted to the program and then take the screening examination. This examination will emphasize comprehension of fundamental material in one of the 13 specialized areas of electrical engineering listed below. Listed under each area are courses offered by the Department of Electrical Engineering which will provide basic background for the examination and partial preparation for the dissertation. Not all courses listed are required for preparation for the screening examination in any specific area. Consult a separately published guide, available from the department office, for more information concerning examination content and scheduling. Further guidance concerning the full completion of courses, including those given outside the department, which are recommended for preparation for the dissertation, can be obtained from the faculty in each technical area.
Students may major in the following fields: Electromagnetics-EE 570ab, EE 571ab, EE 572ab, EE 573ab, EE 576, EE 578, EE 604; Plasma Science-EE 539, EE 570ab, EE 572ab; Power and Machinery-EE 510, EE 521, EE 524, EE 525; Quantum Electronics-EE 529, EE 530, EE 531, EE 539, EE 540; Solid State-EE 501, EE 502, EE 504L, EE 506, EE 507, EE 508, EE 537, EE 601, EE 604, EE 606, EE 607; Integrated Circuits-EE 471, EE 501, EE 504L, EE 506, EE 536ab, EE 537, EE 540, EE 569, EE 577, EE 585, EE 601, EE 604, EE 605, EE 606, EE 630; Optics-EE 529, EE 530, EE 531, EE 539, EE 540, EE 559, EE 566, EE 569, EE 589, EE 642, EE 669.
Students may major in the following fields: Biomedical Engineering and Biomathematics-EE 593; Communication Theory-EE 535, EE 550, EE 551, EE 562ab, EE 563, EE 564, EE 565ab, EE 566, EE 567, EE 568, EE 569, EE 583, EE 595, EE 664, EE 666, EE 667, EE 669; Computer Engineering-CSCI 561, EE 532, EE 545, EE 547, EE 548, EE 549, EE 550, EE 552, EE 553, EE 554, EE 555, EE 557, EE 560, EE 574, EE 577ab, EE 578, EE 579, EE 650, EE 653, EE 657, EE 658, EE 677, EE 680, EE 681 (see program listing for the Master of Science in Computer Engineering); Intelligent Systems-EE 559, CSCI 561, CSCI 574; Signal Processing-EE 500, EE 517, EE 519, EE 522, EE 559, EE 562a, EE 566, EE 569, EE 583, EE 586L, EE 589, EE 591, EE 592, EE 596, EE 619, EE 669; Systems and Controls-EE 553, EE 563, EE 585, EE 586, EE 587, EE 588, EE 593.


text:
STACKNAME=${1:-Weapon-X}
PROJECTNAME=${2:-Weapon-X}
NETWORK=${3:-172.16.0.0}
ENVIRONMENT=${4:-development}
CREATOR=${5:-CloudFormation}
TEMPLATELOCATION=${6:-file://$(pwd)/vpc.yml}

VALIDATE="aws cloudformation validate-template --template-body $TEMPLATELOCATION"
echo $VALIDATE
$VALIDATE

CREATE="aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name $STACKNAME \
                                        --disable-rollback \
                                        --template-body $TEMPLATELOCATION \
                                        --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM \
                                        --parameters ParameterKey=Project,ParameterValue=$PROJECTNAME \
                                                     ParameterKey=Environment,ParameterValue=$ENVIRONMENT \
                                                     ParameterKey=Creator,ParameterValue=$CREATOR \
                                                     ParameterKey=Network,ParameterValue=$NETWORK \
                                        --tags Key=Project,Value=$PROJECTNAME \
                                               Key=Environment,Value=$ENVIRONMENT \
                                               Key=Creator,Value=$CREATOR"
echo $CREATE
$CREATE