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Tesla Model 3 Blows Away German Competition
by Jay Traugott Sales / Comments
Tesla may have lost revenue but the Model 3 is killing it.
Tesla released its second-quarter 2019 results this past week and, disappointingly, the numbers weren't great. The EV automaker reported a larger-than-expected loss because revenues came up short. Following this announcement, Tesla shares dropped 10 percent. Tesla also stated it expects to return to profitability in the second half of this year. We'll find out in around six months' time whether that'll happen.
In the meantime, Tesla also announced it delivered about 158,200 new cars to customers in the first six months of this year, but it'll need to deliver over 200,000 vehicles in order to hit its annual target of 360,000 to 400,000 vehicles. Despite Tesla's somewhat disappointing revenues, there was a major bright spot: the Model 3. Launched nearly two years ago, the Model 3 was and still remains in high demand. At first, Tesla couldn't keep up with this demand and found itself in "production hell," as CEO Elon Musk described it.
The situation is quite different today. According to Tesla's Q2 report, "Model 3 deliveries reached an all-time record of 77,634. Not only was the Model 3 once again the best-selling premium vehicle in the US, outselling all of its gas-powered equivalents combined, this product also gained traction in other markets." Let's break this down a bit.
The Model 3's main, non-EV competitors didn't sell nearly as well. A total of 17,225 BMW 3 and 4 Series and 12,335 Mercedes-Benz C-Class were delivered in the US during this same time period. No wonder both BMW and Mercedes are rushing to launch their own respective EV lineups. The market has spoken. Also interesting is that not every new Model 3 buyer is coming from another premium brand.
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"More than 60% of Model 3 trade-ins are non-premium brands, indicating a larger total addressable market for this product than initially expected," Tesla added. "Now that all current variants of Model 3 are available across North America, Europe and Asia, we are gaining insight into preferred customer trim mix."
Speaking of "trim mix," what do Model 3 buyers want? "A majority of orders continued to be for a long-range battery option and the Model 3 average selling price (ASP) was stable at approximately $50,000. At the same time, manufacturing costs continued to decline." There's no doubt BMW, Mercedes, and Audi have taken note.
Tesla, via Reuters
Tags: #Tesla #Electric Car #Report #Sales #Sedan
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App Annie Selected for JMP's Hot 100 Best Privately Held Software Companies of 2018
The Company Now Serves More Than 1000 Enterprise Customers
Aug 09, 2018, 09:00 ET
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 9, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- App Annie, the most trusted mobile app market data and insights company, has been named in the 2018 Hot 100 Best Privately Held Software Companies by JMP Securities.
Each year, the San Francisco-based investment bank selects software companies based on criteria including financial growth, products and services, quality of leadership, customers, and market potential. This year's selection criteria also has a focus on artificial intelligence and machine learning. App Annie has continuously invested in these technologies with an R&D team that comprises nearly half of the company's global workforce to deliver the most comprehensive mobile app market data. Many of the world's most successful publishers, brands, and mobile-first companies rely on App Annie's data to fuel their success in digital.
"We are delighted to be named in this year's Hot 100 as a recognition of the accomplishments the App Annie team has achieved," said Ted Krantz, CEO of App Annie. "Earlier this year we passed 1000 enterprise customers and with the mobile economy projected to hit $6 trillion in 2021, we are focused on leading the market for years to come."
App Annie's customers span numerous industries and the globe. Some of the company's clients include United Airlines, LinkedIn, Mattel, McDonalds, Google, Coca-Cola, Amazon, Barclays, Lego, Disney, Samsung, Telefonica, Snap, Baidu, and Activision.
App Annie joins notable software companies like Slack, Anaplan, BrightEdge, C3IoT, Demandbase, Gainsight, Reflektive, WalkMe, Stripe, and Workfront on this year's list.
For more information, please visit appannie.com.
SOURCE App Annie
http://www.appannie.com
App Annie Launches Mobile Web, Fueling Growth as Company...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php

namespace Vich\UploaderBundle\Adapter\ODM\MongoDB;

use Vich\UploaderBundle\Adapter\AdapterInterface;
use Doctrine\Common\EventArgs;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Proxy\Proxy;

/**
 * MongoDBAdapter.
 *
 * @author Dustin Dobervich <ddobervich@gmail.com>
 */
class MongoDBAdapter implements AdapterInterface
{
    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public function getObjectFromArgs(EventArgs $e)
    {
        return $e->getDocument();
    }

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    {
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        $dm = $e->getDocumentManager();
        $uow = $dm->getUnitOfWork();
        $metadata = $dm->getClassMetadata(get_class($obj));
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    }

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            return new \ReflectionClass(get_parent_class($obj));
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        return new \ReflectionClass($obj);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Witches, Werewolves, and Fairies: Shapeshifters and Astral Doubles in the Middle Ages
Claude Lecouteux
Inner Traditions/Bear, 23 июл. 2003 г. - Всего страниц: 224
Reveals the true nature of medieval belief in the Double of the Soul
• Demonstrates the survival of a pagan belief that each individual owns three souls, including a double that can journey outside the physical body
• Explains the nature of death and the Other World hidden beneath the monsters and superstitions in stories from the Middle Ages
Monsters, werewolves, witches, and fairies remain a strong presence in our stories and dreams. But as Claude Lecouteux shows, their roots go far deeper than their appearance in medieval folklore; they are survivors of a much older belief system that predates Christianity and was widespread over Western Europe. Through his extensive analysis of Germano-Scandinavian legends, as well as those from other areas of Europe, Lecouteux has uncovered an almost forgotten religious concept: that every individual owns three souls and that one of these souls, the Double, can—in animal or human form—leave the physical body while in sleep or a trance, journey where it chooses, then reenter its physical body. While there were many who experienced this phenomenon involuntarily, there were others—those who attracted the unwelcome persecution of the Church—who were able to provoke it at will: witches.
In a thorough excavation of the medieval soul, Claude Lecouteux reveals the origin and significance of this belief in the Double, and follows its transforming features through the ages. He shows that far from being fantasy or vague superstition, fairies, witches, and werewolves all testify to a consistent ancient vision of our world and the world beyond.
Witches, Werewolves, and Fairies: Shapeshifters and Astral Doubles in the ...
Ограниченный просмотр - 2003
Об авторе (2003)
Claude Lecouteux is a professor of medieval literature and civilization at the Sorbonne. He is the author of nine other books exploring the true nature of medieval beliefs in the afterlife and the supernatural. He lives in Paris.
Название Witches, Werewolves, and Fairies: Shapeshifters and Astral Doubles in the Middle Ages
Автор Claude Lecouteux
Издатель Inner Traditions/Bear, 2003


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Love Co
Traditional Eastern Medicine, Acupuncture, & Chinese Herbs
Pay-It-Forward Fee Scale you can Afford!
Fees/ Schedule
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We treat....
Clinic/ New Patient Info
Love Co's Owners
Megan & Stephen, the owners of Love Co are excited about bringing affordable Acupuncture, Eastern Medicine and other alternative therapies to the community of Fort Collins and surrounding areas!
They believe their paths crossed for many important reasons as the have been married for 11 years, have 3 children AND are business partners. They both strongly believe in what Eastern Medicine can do for their patients because they have watched it transform peoples' lives time after time.
As the opportunities to serve the community have grow, Love Co hopes to grow as well. They will be adding another Acupuncturist in the Spring. And to hope to soon offer massage & energy therapies too.
They are pleased to be share their office with Nutritional Coach & Herbalist, Amber Hopkins and Massage Therapist, Jill Sheperd. (see our Partners page for more information)
Megan Harms
LAc. (Licensed Acupuncturist)
MSOM (Master of Science in Oriental Medicine)
Before finding Eastern Medicine, Megan worked in Western Medicine & witnessed how most patients are offered pharmaceutical meds or surgeries. She knew in her heart that even though those were important options, there had to be more… a way to care for the person as a whole.
Megan obtained a certificate as an Energy Therapy Practitioner from Wellspring Allied Health in Kansas City. Then continued her education at Southwest Acupuncture College in Boulder for Traditional Chinese Medicine, a program that taught how to offer patients well- rounded treatments with modalities of acupuncture, Chinese herbs, moxibustion, tuina, cupping, auriculotherapy, e-stim, dietary and lifestyle recommendations.
She immersed herself in the medicine & completed its rigorous 4 year program of over 3000 hours of education, in just 3 years. She graduated in 2010 with a Masters of Science in Oriental Medicine. She passed the national board exams with NCCAOM, which includes Clean Needle Technique, is a member of the American Association of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine, and is a Licensed Acupuncturist in Colorado and Missouri.
After graduation, Megan worked in the Kansas City area, specializing in prenatal, postnatal, and pediatric care. She soon decided to return to the mountains and the state she loves so much, Colorado.
Megan is thrilled to have her own clinic and has given over 9000 treatments in the past 7 years! Megan has a gentle technique and enjoys treating a wide spectrum of issues from pain to anxiety, & specializes in women's issues, fertility, children's health.
She can be found at Love Co 3 days a week. The rest of the time, she can be found homeschooling her 3 beautiful children, crafting, and enjoying all that Colorado has to offer.
Stephen Harms
LAc. (Licensed Acupuncturist)
Stephen Harms has an undergraduate degree from Muhlenberg College and a Master's Degree in Oriental Medicine from Southwest College in 2007. After passing a series of five medical boards including testing in Western medical applications, Stephen was licensed to practice Eastern medicine and Nationally Certified through the NCCAOM. Holding current licenses in the states of Colorado and Missouri, Stephen has been involved in the healthcare profession since 2001.
He is also a Master level trainer for the Institute of Integral Tai Chi and Qi Gong, which is the current American holder of internal practices in the United States. He has had many teachers over the years who are also recognized internationally as illuminated figureheads of the mind body movement. Stephen is passionate about teaching and has held teaching positions at various institutions around the country including the Pennsylvania Institute of Muscle Therapy, Southwest Acupuncture College, and Boulder College of Massage Therapy.
Stephen worked at First Choice Chriopractic in Kansas, specializing in pain relief and was quite beloved in the community. He recently worked in the Community acupuncture model and loves how this design is similar to how people were traditionally treated in China and that it allows everyone access to this healing modality. Stephen's teaching schedule is found at his American Internal Martial Systems Facebook Page.
Stephen's talent really shines when teaching and treating pain. He has experience working with professional and olympic level athletes to heal injuries and increase health & performance. Stephen also has great success with those complicated cases that others have tried to treat unsuccesfully. People are continually floored at the power of his treatments.
We are looking to add more practitioners!
If you feel your services would fit will with Love Co's mission, please contact us!
© 2015 Loveland Community Acupuncture LLC.
Love Co Acupuncture
2629 Redwing Road Suite 298


Ideal for the smart-casual office attire or for pepping up the weekend outfit, our Napolean Tartan Green Wool suit oozes confidence no matter what the occasion is. Crafted from 90% wool and 10% micro rayon, it's more versatile than you might think and works for all season. Unite it with a matching waistcoat, a white shirt dotted green tie and brown oxford shoes.


Working with the Manayunk Development Corporation and a private funder, Re:Vision designed a prototypical Public Parklet (think: park within a parking space) for Main Street Manayunk. The seasonal parklet needed to be modular for easy assembly / disassembly, fully accessible, and be fabricated with easy to procure and inexpensive materials. The variable height counters allow for sitting or standing, solo enjoyment or small groups. The playful form and signage slows down vehicles to take a look and pedestrians to take a seat. Plantings, by Tiny Terra Firma, soften the street edge.


Andesa Services, Inc. announced today the introduction of ADASTAR Q+, its new system for the administration of non-qualified benefit plans.
This innovative system can be used by brokers, plan sponsors and carriers to administer a variety of non-qualified plans and associated life insurance programs such as Split Dollar, Supplemental Life Insurance, Salary Continuation, Death Benefit Only, Bank Owned Life Insurance and Deferred Compensation plans. The system is a scalable, real time, internet based tool set which supports a fully distributed service model. In addition, the system is integrated with Andesa's robust ADASTAR® illustration, AFAS policy administration and reporting platforms.
Vince Collier, Executive VP of Distribution Services at Andesa says, "Due to the recent consolidation of service providers in the executive benefits marketplace, many brokers and clients are re-evaluating their plan administration needs. With fewer service providers available, the introduction of this new, fresh approach for plan administration is very timely. Given the breakthrough nature of this system, there is tremendous interest in the marketplace.


TUCSON, Arizona – The Pima Community College women's basketball team opened the 2018-19 season on Saturday at the West Campus Aztec Gymnasium. The No. 14 ranked Aztecs defeated Grand Canyon University Club 91-62.
Sophomore Jacqulynn Nakai scored a team-high 20 points on 7 for 16 shooting with eight assists and three steals.
Fellow sophomore Shauna Bribiescas had a double-double with 19 points and 11 rebounds. She shot 8 for 9 from the floor.
The Aztecs will host a non-conference match next Saturday against Arizona Christian University JV at the West Campus Aztec Gymnasium. Tipoff is scheduled for 6:00 p.m.


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2015-05-04 Delivering Solvency II internal models 2015-07-10 Rapport du Groupe de Réunion Ordinaire de Solvency II Wire, janvier 2015 2019-04-24 SFCRs 2018 – a market snapshot from early collection 2011-10-06 Solvency II News: Europe reacts to FSA's delay announcement 2016-10-22 The Solvency II Wire Quarterly – 2016 Q3
Third Solvency II Survey reveals resilience of UK and Irish non-life insurers as Brexit concerns mount
Results from the 2018 Solvency II public disclosures of the top 100 non life insurers in the UK and Ireland show the ongoing strength of this market segment, which reported an average SCR ratio of 206% (up from 199% in 2016).
The findings are part of the third annual survey of Solvency II implementation across the UK and Ireland conducted by consultancy firm Lane Clark & Peacock's (LCP). The survey, using data from
Solvency II Wire Data, reviews the disclosures of the 100 largest non life insurers in the UK and Ireland.
Despite the overall strength of the sample, the results show that almost a quarter of firms (24) would breach their SCR (Solvency Capital Requirement) following a loss equal to their MCR (Minimum Capital Requirement), up from 18 in 2017 (for detailed analysis see here).
Qualitative analysis of the the SFCRs (Solvency and Financial Condition Reports) revealed a disturbing rise in concerns over Brexit. The proportion of firms highlighting Brexit as a key risk to solvency has nearly doubled from 33% to 64%.
Cat Drummond, Partner in LCP's General Insurance team, commented: "With nearly two-thirds of firms identifying Brexit as a key risk as the UK confronts the possibility of leaving the European Union with no deal in place, Brexit uncertainty continues to keep insurers awake at night. Almost all firms that highlighted Brexit as a key risk had plans in place (or were formalising such plans) to address the issue."
Fewer than 15% of firms noted climate change as a key risk to their solvency. Similarly the implementation of IFRS 17 was less prominent compared to cyber risk consideration (43% of the sample).
The researchers found that two-thirds of SFCRs and QRTs were available on firms' websites on the reporting deadline, echoing findings by Solvency II Wire Data.
Ms Drummond added: "Insurers still have some way to go to ensure that their SFCRs comply with regulatory requirements and are readily available and easy to access. EIOPA's recent announcement of its intention to discuss with national regulators having public SFCR repositories may assist with this going forwards."
Our Solvency II Wire Data database gives you unparalleled access to the Solvency II public disclosures.
Click here to find out more details or request a demo.
LTG Symposium: response to industry comment
Tracking shifts in counterparty default risk
Solvency II news: Real Estate Special
Analysis of Total Assets distribution relative to solvency ratios of European insurance groups – 2018
← SFCRs 2018 – a market snapshot from early collection
2018 Solvency II ratios (SCR ratio and MCR ratio) distribution of 2000 European solo insurers. →


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Mirror Neurons and Laughter
Browse any college's library and you're sure to find several books on the use of humor in psychology. Many of these books are very serious in tone and explain humor using technical jargon and psychological terms many are unfamiliar with, and reading this material it becomes clear that often talking about why something is funny is a surefire way to slowly kill the joy in conversation. I am very wary of this, but am also endlessly fascinated by new research that explains how and why people build connections through humor. With this idea in mind, it is interesting to consider a discovery of something in the brain called mirror neurons, something renowned neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran says "will do for psychology what the discovery of DNA did for Biology." This is an extraordinary claim, and one that needs further clarification. http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/ramachandran/ramachandran_p1.html
What mirror neurons essentially are is a group of neurons first observed in monkeys that "fire" not from the animals own behavior, but through watching the behavior of another animal. Mirror neurons in humans were also found in the interior frontal and interior parietal regions of the brain, and this discovery has potentially enormous implications for understanding and observing human behavior.
So why is this important and what does it have to do with laughter? The implications of mirror neurons begin with the idea that people tend to mimic each other and also feel pain when others around them feel pain. This idea was confirmed by an experiment that showed when people watch someone else get poked with a pin, their pain neurons fire exactly like the person being poked. These neurons came to be known as "Dalai Lama" neurons and showed how empathy works on a cellular level.
With this in mind I decided to conduct an experiment of my own to see the affects laughter had on mirror neurons. Although I didn't have magnetic imaging equipment or a fully equipped laboratory at my disposal, I did have the ability to measure hand temperature which is a standard technique used in biofeedback. I took 30 people ranging in age from 20 to 41 years old who suffered from headaches, and explained a little bit about mirror neurons and an interesting conversation ensued. Because these patients all had headaches and were all staying in close proximity to each other, someone suggested that perhaps their headaches were affecting those around them, which was exactly where I hoped the conversation would go.
A word about this. A common complaint from the hospital staff I know that works with headaches patients is that they commonly leave work with a headache. Although there are a couple plausible reasons for this such as the power of suggestion, I also believe that mirror neurons may provide an excellent explanation. With the thought in mind that mirror neurons may affect headaches, I wanted to see the effect a positive event such as laughter would have on headache patients, and with this in mind designed a simple experiment.
I first had the patients measure their hand temperatures under normal conditions and then measured the results. The scores ranged from 74 degrees to 93 degrees which is a fairly normal range for headache patients who are on a wide variety of medications that affect their temperatures a great deal. The idea is that the colder a person's hand temperature is, the worse their headache may be, as blood rushes to the head and away from the extremities during a headache. If a person can warm their hands up using biofeedback, they therefore can often reduce the physiological mechanisms of the headache. In my small experiment, the mean temperature at the beginning of the experiment was 83 degrees. The mode of the scores was 84 degrees, which 7 of the patients recorded.
The variable in the experiment was the movie Office Space, in my opinion one of the funniest movies to come out in the last 15 years. I had everyone gather in the common area to watch the movie, and, as I expected soon everyone was laughing heartily including myself. Beyond the fact that the movie itself was so funny, everyone also seemed to be enjoying each other's company.
At the end of the film I again had everyone measure their hand temperature, and this time the results were extremely interesting. Following the movie, the scores ranged from 79 to 92 degrees, but the mean score was now 87 degrees which was 4 degrees higher than at the beginning of the experiment, indicating that the laughter had significantly increased the relaxation response in the patients. More interesting was the mode of the scores. Following the movie 15 of the 30 patients recorded a score of 86 degrees. In effect half of the patients now had the exact same score following two hours of laughter. So not only did the laughter relax everyone, but it also relaxed half of the people in the room in so much the same way that their bodies were responding in an identical manner. This phenomena was also represented by the decrease in the range of scores, which was 19 degrees at the beginning of the experiment, and only 13 degrees following the movie.
So, although from a statistical standpoint my study wasn't big enough to make waves, I still became all the more convinced of the power laughter has on people's physical bodies and health. Beyond the measurements, people were also genuinely happy at the end of the film, and laughing together had provided some much needed pain relief for several of the participants. The positive energy in the room was clearly contagious, and much like the laughter clubs I visited, the act of laughter was all the more powerful when experienced communally. Although the study of mirror neurons on a molecular level is being done by much smarter people than me, I'm convinced of their power, and learning and studying about this discovery only strengthens my faith in the healing power of laughter.
on July 30, 2007 2 comments:


Food and Flame: Fall Fundraiser for TOFGA at Boggy Creek Farm, Austin!
Fall Fundraiser for TOFGA at Boggy Creek Farm, Austin!
Come and bring your friends and support the organization that supports organics in Texas!
Silent auction with exciting items you won't want to miss!
There is limited room so register today!
Now accepting donations farm fresh products for the dinner and items for the silent auction!


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Chineasy Travel
Shaolan Hsueh (Author) Noma Bar (Illustrator)
Entrepreneur ShaoLan Hsueh created Chineasy(R) to educate the world about the richness of Chinese culture through its written language. Her visual, building-block-style teaching method makes learning characters simple and fun: by learning common characters, readers can quickly grasp and communicate basic words and phrases while traveling.
Illustrated by Noma Bar, this guide breaks down essential characters for reading directions, making purchases, using public transport, ordering food off a menu, and more. Through teaching fundamental building-blocks, ShaoLan also explains the history and cultural influences behind each character. Whether you are planning a business trip or a vacation, Chineasy(R) Travel is the perfect pocket-sized companion to help you break down the barriers of language and culture, and broaden your traveling horizons in the Chinese-speaking world.
ShaoLan is an entrepreneur, author, and a strong believer in lifelong learning. She is the bestselling author of Chineasy, Chineasy Everyday and Chineasy for Children and has also written bestselling books on software. She lives in London.
Noma Bar is an acclaimed illustrator whose work has appeared in many publications and media outlets, including Time OutLondon, the BBC, the New York Times, Observer, Economist and Wallpaper*. Born in Israel, Noma Bar is London-based.


text:
Leave a review of Unsung History!
UNSUNG HISTORY
All Episodes 34 17TH Century 2 18TH Century 2 19TH Century 14 20TH Century 23 Art History 1 Asian-American History 1 Biographical History 9 Black History 9 Civil Rights Movement 2 Civil War 1 Food & Drink History 3 History Of Science & Medicine 3 Immigration 2 Labor History 2 Latino History 1 LGBTQIA+ History 3 Military History 6 Native American History 6 Riots 3 Women's History 15 World War I 1 World War II 2
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African American AIDS Activism
20TH Century Black History History Of Science & Medicine LGBTQIA+ History
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (the CDC), in 2018, 13% of the US population was Black and African American, but 42% of new HIV diagnoses in the US were from Black and African American people. This discrepancy is not new.
On June 5, 1981, the CDC first published an article in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) titled "Pneumocystis Pneumonia" that suggested that there might be "a cellular-immune dysfunction related to a common exposure that predisposes individuals to opportunistic infections such as pneumocystosis and candidiasis" to explain a number of infections they were seeing among gay men.
This early identification of HIV/AIDS as a disease of white gay men colored the response to the epidemic. As gay men organized AIDS education and support networks they built organizations staffed by white volunteers and situated in gay neighborhoods in major urban centers. Because of racism and segregation many of those gay neighborhoods were largely white, and the education and support campaigns didn't reach the Black and brown communities that were also affected by the disease.
In response, African American AIDS activists formed their own organizations from the beginning of the crisis. African American AIDS activism was diverse and creative from the early days of the pandemic, and it continues today, but it's often been missing from popular media and historical writing about AIDS.
In this episode, Kelly briefly tells the background of African American AIDS activism and interviews Dan Royles, Assistant Professor of History at Florida International University and author of To Make the Wounded Whole: The African American Struggle against HIV/AIDS, which was recently named a Finalist in the 2021 Museum of African American History Stone Book Award.
Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. Episode image by Tobe Mokolo on Unsplash.
To Make the Wounded Whole: The African American Struggle Against Hiv/AIDS, by Dan Royles, 2020.
"Forty years after first documented AIDS cases, survivors reckon with 'dichotomy of feelings,'" by Alex Berg, NBC News, June 5, 2021.
"Pneumocystis Pneumonia --- Los Angeles," MMWR, Reported by MS Gottlieb, MD, HM Schanker, MD, PT Fan, MD, A Saxon, MD, JD Weisman, DO, Div of Clinical Immunology-Allergy; Dept of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine; I Pozalski, MD, Cedars-Mt. Sinai Hospital, Los Angeles; Field services Div, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC. June 5, 1981
"HIV and African American People," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Kelly Therese Pollock 0:00
This is Unsung History, the podcast where we discuss people and events in American history that haven't always received a lot of attention. I'm your host, Kelly Therese Pollock. I'll start each episode with a brief introduction to the topic, and then talk to someone who knows a lot more than I do. Be sure to subscribe to Unsung History on your favorite podcasting app, so you never miss an episode. And please tell your friends, family, neighbors, colleagues, maybe even strangers to listen too.
Today's story is about AIDS activism in the African American community. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the CDC, in 2018, 13% of the US population was Black and African American; but 42% of the new HIV diagnoses in the US were from Black and African American people. This discrepancy is not new. On June 5, 1981, the CDC first published an article in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, (MMWR) titled "Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Los Angeles" that concluded, "The above observations suggest the possibility of a cellular immune dysfunction related to a common exposure that predisposes individuals to opportunistic infections. Although the role of CMV infection in the pathogenesis of pneumocytosis remains unknown, the possibility of P. Carinii infection must be carefully considered in a differential diagnosis for previously healthy homosexual males with dyspnea and pneumonia." The CDC dates the start of the HIV AIDS epidemic to this publication, although the virus may have been circulating in the US for a decade or more prior to that. The early identification of HIV AIDS as a disease of white gay men colored the response to the epidemic. As gay men organized AIDS education and support networks, they built organizations staffed by white volunteers and situated in gay neighborhoods in major urban centers. Because of racism and segregation, many of those gay neighborhoods were largely white, and the education and support campaigns didn't reach the Black and brown communities that were also affected by the disease.
In response, African American AIDS activists formed their own organizations from the beginning of the crisis.
Rashidah Hassan, who now goes by Rashidah Abdul-Khabeer, was a Black Muslim nurse and board Vice President for the Philadelphia Community Health Alternatives (PCHA), the parent organization of the Philadelphia AIDS Task Force. During an AIDS vigil in the JFK Plaza in downtown Philadelphia, on September 25, 1986, Hassan gave what she would later call her Malcolm X speech, in which she resigned her board position. Hassan had formed her own organization, Blacks Educating Blacks About Sexual Health Issues (BEBASHI) to address the needs of the community. In her speech, Hassan said, "Our people have the right to be educated, have the right to have resources committed, have the right to stand here with you and say that we are dying from this disease, and you are making it our disease. I want you to remember that while you're fighting, there are those who are different from you who need to have a voice in how things are done, because they do not recognize that it is not just a white gay disease. And I ask your help and your support in trying to provide that information to the community."
Hassan and other African American AIDS activists used a variety of approaches and methods to reach those affected communities. For Hassan, that meant canvassing in Black neighborhoods to reach not only Black gay men, but also the straight Black men, women and youth who were at risk.
Organizations run by Black gay men such as the National Task Force on AIDS Prevention, and Gay Men of African Descent, in contrast, focused their efforts on the particular position of Black gay men who suffered from both racism and homophobia. For Gay Men of African Descent, the response to the AIDS crisis included equipping Black gay men with needed self esteem to reduce the likelihood they would put themselves at risk for HIV through drugs and unprotected sex. Harlem Hospital immunologist Pernessa Seele, who founded Balm in Gilead, had focused her work on outreach via Black churches. In the first Harlem Week of Prayer, she organized in 1989, 50 churches, synagogues and mosques participated. Seele worked with African American clergy to confront homophobia, and help them incorporate AIDS education into their ministry. The Balm in Gilead then extended the work with Black churches into sub- Saharan Africa, implementing programs in Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, and Tasmania, with the belief that the approach that worked in the US would work well in Africa, as well, because of the relationship between Black people and the faith. As these few examples show, African American AIDS activism was diverse and creative from the early days of the pandemic. And it continues today. But it has often been missing from popular media and historical writing about AIDS. To help us understand more about the history of African American AIDS activism, I'm joined now by Dan Royals, Assistant Professor of History at Florida International University, and author of "To Make the Wounded Whole; the African American Struggle Against HIV AIDS," which was recently named a finalist for the 2021 Museum of African American History Stone Book Award.
Hi, Dan, thanks for joining me today. Thanks for having me. So I want to start by asking just a little bit about how you got into this project that I'm sure took many, many years of your life to research and write is what I assume came out of your dissertation, and then your book. So can you tell me a little bit about how you started the project, how you got into it?
Dan Royles 7:10
Yeah, so this project did start or was formerly my dissertation when I was in a Ph. D. program in history at Temple University in Philadelphia. And so that dissertation actually started in a course that I took, that was a research seminar on social movements since the 1960s, or something like that. And for that class, I did produce a major research paper, and I wanted to research AIDS activism in Philadelphia, because it wasn't something that I thought had really been been been covered. So I dug into some archives, and one of the stories that I found was the story of a woman named Rashidah Hassan at the time. Now she's Rashidah Abdul-Khabeer and a group that she started called BEBASHI, which stands for Blacks Educating Blacks About Sexual Health Issues. And this is one of the first Black aid service organizations in the country, and started in 1985. And the story was really interesting to me for a couple of reasons. One is that Rashidah Hassan was, is, she's still living, but she goes by Rashidah Abdul-Khabeer now, a Black Muslim woman who wears a head covering. And she started BEBASHI kind of out of this conflict with a group called Philadelphia Community Health Alternatives, which is an AIDS service organization that started in Philadelphia very early on in the epidemic that was predominantly vying for white gay men. And so BEBASHI started out of this conflict between basically white gay AIDS activists and Black AIDS activists, gay and straight in Philadelphia, as they were kind of competing for to set priorities and strategy for how to confront the epidemic, because groups like Philadelphia Community Health Alternatives, were very good at serving the white gay men in the community from which they grew out of which is the predominantly gay neighborhood in Philadelphia called the gayborhood, but struggled to reach gay men of color, who tended not to feel comfortable going to the gayborhood because of, you know, racial discrimination at bars, because of sexual discrimination in the bars, you know, for a whole host of reasons. And so the story was really interesting to me because Rashidah Hassan, really exploded, didn't look like kind of what my mental image of an AIDS activist was, and my mental image of an AIDS activist was really shaped by a kind of active New York, in the late 80s, early 90s. You know, like, kind of young, young ish, you know, mostly white gay men wearing jeans, and you know "Silence Equals Death" T-shirts and Doc Martens. It's definitely kind of the story that I searched to find in Philadelphia. and there's that story too. But this story just looks so much different. Rashidah Hassan was like such a different figure from this mental image that I had that I didn't, I hadn't like consciously interrogated yet, right? Like I had it, but I hadn't really thought about why I had that image, or you know, how that image might have been shaped by stories that were available to me. And then there was this, this really intense conflict within AIDS services in Philadelphia, really early on. '85 is, you know, four years into the recognized epidemic. And so there are all these elements of the story that were really fascinating to me, and just looked in different ways, very different from the kind of narratives that I was aware of, or that I saw kind of in, in popular culture and also in the historical literature around AIDS and AIDS activism in the United States. And with this paper in 2009, so some of the literature, you know, has come along since then. But certainly at the time, I didn't see anything like it and what was being written or what had been written. So I thought, "Okay, well, here's the story in Philadelphia. I wonder if there's similar stories elsewhere." And of course, there were. And so I found some of those. The BEBASHI story became kind of the kernel of the dissertation and then the book, and is the first chapter in the book. And then there are six other chapters that kind of tell other stories that flesh out other facets or other dimensions of what, you know, this larger project of African American AIDS activism looks like.
Kelly Therese Pollock 11:44
So I want to talk a little bit about the idea of doing history that is still present. So you know, it's it's not very distant history. I think people a lot of times picture historians as being like, in dusty archives somewhere, you know, and, and this is very much it's, it's recent, much more recent, and many of these organizations still exist, this work continues, it's certainly not done. And you talk in the conclusion a little bit about becoming an activist yourself, you know, sort of in the process, it almost sort of a anthropology, you know, in addition to history. So can you talk to them about that, what that kind of history looks like, what your sources are, you know, how you sort of tease out things where people are still alive, still, you know, still still acting, doing the kinds of things that you write about?
Dan Royles 12:35
Yeah, I did spend a good amount of time in dusty archives, nevertheless, you know, but, you know, there are some real benefits, I think, to doing history like this. I mean, one is that, you know, thankfully, there are folks who were who are still alive. And you know, when you're writing about AIDS, like, that's not something you can take as a given, even though it's recent history, you know, but there are folks who are still alive, who are very generous in sharing their time and their stories with me. And that really gave me like, a really critical perspective on the groups that individuals, you know, the specific topics that I was writing about, you know, in a way that I don't think I could have gotten just from documentary archives. And so that was, that was a really valuable part of just the experience of doing the research, I think you made the book much better than it would have been otherwise. Another kind of, I don't know, specific, you know, circumstances of doing really recent histories that the archives are coming into being, as they were coming into being as I was doing research. So, you know, I started this research in 2009. I finished the book in 20, may 2019. And in that time, especially for some of the stories, new collections would come into the archives that I worked in. And so, you know, particularly for one one chapter does not act at Philadelphia, you know, I think it was like 2015 or something, Somebody just brought a couple of like the big Rubbermaid like tote containers into the laneway archives in Philadelphia, and just, like, dropped them off, and they're like, "Hey, there's this, like, there's these big containers of stuff here. Do you want to look at them?" I was like, "Yeah," which meant, you know, going through, basically, just like somebody had cleared out an office and put it all into containers, and then I'm like going through them. And so, you know, there's a going through unprocessed collections versus processed collections, is, you know, they're kind of a different animal. You know, they're, they're very, they're not organized and not filtered. They're really interesting. And then, you know, kind of another function of doing a story in the recent past is that I got to deal with sources that were what we call born digital. So stuff that never, you know, as opposed to, we have a lot of sources now that have been digitized, but started life as material objects or paper objects. You know, there's a lot more sources for some of these stories that, you know, started out as blog posts, or email chains, or trying to think of what else like, like listserves, message boards, you know, things like that. And so, you know, kind of developing the skills like to find that stuff was really interesting. So I got to kind of, you know, blend together a lot of different kinds of sources, oral sources, documentary sources, born digital sources, you know, to tell the story, and then there was just kind of the issue of, you know, writing writing history, that's not, it's not settled yet, or it's not passed yet. Although, you know, it has been a kind of activist slogan in, in AIDS activism, since the late 80s, early 90s, that the AIDS crisis is not over, because activists are always kind of pushing up against the process of, like, forgetting in historical amnesia, that we, I don't know if it's just in this country we seem to be really good at. We've already forgotten that COVID COVID is here, and it seems like. You know, so so there's that aspect of it,
too, is like running up against kind of people sense that, you know, because the epidemic doesn't, it isn't killing people with, you know, with, with a relative degree of like, social, social and cultural capital, ie: white gay men, that it's not coming by gay men as much anymore in the way that it was, you know, say in like, 1993. You know, the epidemic is over was like very much not over other than Miami Dade County, which has one of the, you know, highest rates of new HIV infections in the country. And so we see that, you know, in places all across the US south where, we have really weak healthcare infrastructure, you know. So so it's definitely not over. And then, after 2016, we were in a position of, of looking at taking a giant step backwards in terms of repealing the Affordable Care Act. That's when I got involved as an activist in some of the direct action to stop repeal of the ACA, and in a way that I was actually, like, got involved in that and was trained in in direct action tactics by some of the people that I had written about and then was arrested alongside some that I had written about, which is really kind of an interesting, full circle moment, that I think, you know, it gave me a little bit of perspective on, on what I had written about, you know, in terms of what it feels like to get arrested, you know, doing civil disobedience. But it also gave me a lot of respect, you know, or gave me an increased respect for the organizing work that people had done; because I got a more kind of experiential, or embodied sense of what it what it might mean, to sustain that kind of organizing over a period of time, because it's really tiring. It's like, really, really tiring. And, you know, I it's amazing that some of the folks that I've written about that I wrote about in the book, have been doing that work for for decades. Um, you know, it just gave me a another layer of, like awe and respect for, for for the folks in the book.
Yeah. So you were talking at the beginning about how when you started the the initial paper, the research paper that led into this, how you had this vision of sort of who was affected by HIV AIDS. So, you know, obviously, you weren't the only one that sort of had that vision and it seems like even organizations that were trying to help and the government and all sorts of people were viewing this as a disease of white gay men. And so what what were the sort of things that the the groups these, you know, in your seven chapters in the book that these groups had to face, like the idea of sort of a culturally competent messenger you know, what, what all were they trying to do to make sure that the the people who were helped were not just the white gay men who had this disease, but in fact, you know, all sorts of people. You're talking specifically about African Americans, but you know, it's it's a disease that doesn't discriminate. Right?
Right. Yeah, I mean, culturally competent programs messaging is a big part of it. So you're delivering messages about HIV, and, and language or, you know, using, you know, kind of meanings that have traction in communities you're trying to reach, and making sure to use messengers that have purchase in those communities, you know, was a big part of it. The idea among, you know, some of the bigger AIDS service organizations, I think, early on, was that, you know, you could take a poster made, developed kind of you tacitly with my game end in mind, and maybe, like, switch out the models, and, you know, that'll be fine. You know, but that doesn't really get you super far, right. And then you also need to think about, you know, like educational programs, like seminars and workshops, and how you develop those things, um, you know, not in a way that's just, like, develop it for one population, and like, quote, unquote, translate it for another, but like, how do you develop programs, like from the ground up with, with as with, with specific, you know, minority communities in mind. You know, there's also a significant effort among some of these groups, especially to not just treat HIV as a biomedical problem, right, not just like, okay, like, you know, promote condoms, promote treatment when we have it, you know, safe sex and, and maybe, you know, maybe needles, needle exchange, and, and that will take care of it; but to really look at the constellation of factors in a person's life or in a in a community, then make people honorable to HIV. So things like housing insecurity, you know, things like, like, overall health care access, food insecurity, mass incarceration, you know, to look at a kind of bigger or more holistic picture of people's vulnerability, and to not just address HIV, but like, address HIV in the context of those things, you know. So there are some folks in the book with strong connections to, you know, the work of decarceration or prison abolition, you know, to housing justice, you know, to this, this much wider set of social justice issues; because, you know, like, we can think of HIV as a disease. We can also think of HIV as the symptom of a disease and the disease is inequity. So, like we can, we can cure HIV tomorrow; it will not solve the bigger problem. The bigger problem is inequity. And, you know, if we did, we were able to cure HIV tomorrow, we would just see the same kinds of health inequities crop up in the current pandemic, or the next pandemic, right. I mean, like, we saw the same kind of thing that we saw that we have seen with HIV, come up again, with COVID, you know, like, who is getting sick and dying of COVID? It is disproportionately people who are vulnerable in at least one way, you know, because of their race, because of their, you know, citizenship status, because of job insecurity, because of housing insecurity. Like, all of these things, impact people, people's vulnerability to epidemic disease. And so we need to take care of, you know, those those bigger things, which is a bigger project, but a more important project because of it.
I was struck as I was reading your book about the importance of religion. So, you know, we sort of know in the abstract that the Black church is really important to to a lot of Black communities, that the idea that you have to think about religion and the religious aspects in order to reach African Americans who are affected by HIV AIDS, you know. It just it was like a mental leap that I didn't make, even when I went, you know, sort of started reading. Could you talk some about that.? The religion, several of the groups are very explicitly religious and use religion, and even the ones that aren't explicitly religious know that they have to reach the churches, so can you talk about that aspect, and what is the importance of that in the story.
Yeah, I think there's two when we're talking about specifically about the Black church, you know, by which I mean, kind of Black Christian faith institutions, when we're talking about the Black church and HIV AIDS, I think there's at least two kind of key things that are important here. One is reducing stigma within the church around HIV, as and along with that queer sexuality. And so, as I talk about it in the book, you know, that can mean same sex desire, that can also mean I, you know, other kind of stigmatized sexualities, like single motherhood, kind of all those other things, that, you know, if you take a kind of hardline view contravene biblical teaching. By reducing the stigma around those things within the church, so that people do not feel stigmatized because of those things. Because we know that stigma is really damaging, you know, it's damaging kind of at an individual level, like internalizing the stigma is, is really just, you know, kind of destructive to your mind and body. But also, it affects, you know, it makes people less willing to have the kind of conversations that they need around sexual health and sexual history in order to keep themselves and each other, you know, safe. So that's one thing. And then the other thing is that, you know, what some of these groups do, and the group in particular that I read about is the Balm in Gilead, is to work with churches to make them not only reduce stigma, but to make them into avenues for the delivery of, you know, accurate information about HIV and AIDS, and, you know, HIV prevention, it's treatment, and things like that. So it's kind of, you know, you want to like reduce the stigma, so that, you know, you don't, so you aren't living with the burden of HIV stigma, that's not being reinforced by an institution that is as powerful as Black church, but then also leveraging the power of the church to deliver accurate information. It's like reducing the kind of it's like a harm reduction on one side, and then doing the positive work of information delivery on the other side, that's like the Black church part of it. I also write about the Nation of Islam, in the book,
which is a whole different kind of thing. And it was one of the stories that was like, the most surprising for me to find, in doing this research. I did not expect in the beginning to write about the Nation of Islam. But I started writing about conspiracy theories around HIV and AIDS within Black communities, because kind of belief in conspiracy theories, is more prevalent, and around HIV and AIDS is more prevalent in Black communities than other groups. And also we know, is linked to, you know, people not taking, you know, their HIV medication, which has all kinds of negative health effects. You know, maybe this, maybe, like, bears less explanation now than it did when I wrote the chapter. Right? You know, but in doing research on conspiracy thinking, I found this story of a drug that was purportedly developed in Kenya, in the late 80s is like a miracle cure for AIDS, like literally was from was promoted as, like something that could cure people of AIDS. And it, you know, it, it wasn't really taken seriously by, you know, the WHO, (the World Health Organization) or by the mainstream media; but it was picked up by Black newspapers in the United States as this, you know, news story that was being allegedly, you know, like, ignored by the mainstream press, because it was out of Kenya and, you know, of Africa and like, nothing good is supposed to come out of Africa. Um, but also because the prevailing theory, which is, since you know, been confirmed by by genetic research was that HIV had come from Africa, had like emerged, you know, from like, the Congo, Congo River Delta region of Africa. And, you know, that theory was one that African Americans found very stigmatizing, right? So the Nation of Islam ended up acquiring the US distribution rights for this drug called Kenron. It's called Kenron, it was called Kenron because it was like, based on the name of the hospital, which is like Kenyan Medical Research Institute. The Nation of Islam acquired the rights to this drug Kenron and then wages like grassroots campaigns to get federal backing for a clinical trial that which they ended up doing in 1993. And the trial never really got off the ground. Then we got, you know, highly effective anti retroviral drugs anyway, um, you know. But the story kind of captures the deep suspicion within Black communities around, you know, the theories about the origins of AIDS, or the origins of HIV, as well as, you know, suspicion of the mainstream medical establishment, of the mainstream media. And I think, you know, including the Nation of Islam, like in this bigger picture, again, like, and I'm not upgrading Rashidah Hassan and the Nation of Islam, you know, because they're, you know, Black Muslim, or anything like that. But, you know, in the way that Rashidah Hassan kind of expanded my idea about, like, what an AIDS activist woulod look like, I think, you know, we need to kind of account for the groups like the Nation of Islam, and the larger story of AIDS activism, you know, even though like, you know, they promoted a bogus drug. They promoted a bogus drug, and have all kinds of retrograde ideas about, you know, gender and sexuality, or what I would consider to be retrograde ideas about gender and sexuality. You know, they did a kind of AIDS activism that, you know, was important to the communities in which they were active. Like, they didn't, it's not like, you know, they were just speaking to their membership, you know, their message. Gay, found a foothold in, you know, in a larger circle of people, you know, including some Black gay groups. There's a really interesting moment, around 1993 or four, where some of the Black gay and lesbian groups in Washington DC threw in with the Nation of Islam to compete for a contract against Whitman Walker Clinic, which is the predominantly white gay organization, you know, because they felt like they were so kind of marginal in a group like Whitman Walker. They threw in not uncontroversially but threw in with the Nation of Islam, you know, which was explicitly anti gay, but, you know, I think also kind of speaks to the difficult position that some of those Black gay activists found themselves in, you know, kind of navigating between racism and homophobia, you know, both of which are deeply entrenched entrenched in our society.
Yeah, so in your last chapter of the book, you talk a lot about gender. And so we, you know, even now, as we're having this conversation, like, okay, we've expanded this idea of, of who gets HIV and AIDS to include African Americans. But probably the picture in people's head is still gay men, right. And so, but it's very much the case that Black women in the US and in Africa are getting HIV and AIDS as well. And I thought it was so interesting when you talked about the idea that because the CDC studies had been done on men, that even the diagnosis of when HIV becomes AIDS was based on what men experience. So can you talk some about that, then about this? What what women who are, are facing this disease are going through the kinds of struggles that that they have to fight as activists being sort of completely outside of what you would imagine of somebody who is getting HIV AIDS?
Yeah, so for the first dozen years of the epidemic, um, so from you heard from the first dozen years of the recognized epidemic, I should say, so 1981 to 1993, women really had women were literally fighting to, women with AIDS were fighting to get recognized as women with AIDS, because as you said, the CDC case definition for AIDS was based on how the disease presented, um, in the populations where it was first recognized, which were white gay men. So, you know, white gay men or just, you know, men in general, get a different set of opportunistic infections when they have advanced HIV disease, than do women. So you know, for example, men don't get pelvic inflammatory disease. Men don't get cervical cancer. Men don't get recurrent yeast infections; but those are opportunistic infections that women with advanced HIV disease had had frequently. So women were waging a years long campaign against the CDC to revise the case definition so that they could get diagnosed with AIDS. And I want to point out, that's not just a, you know, semantic concern. There's all kinds of, you know, disability, Social Security, housing assistance that you that was available to people with AIDS, that wasn't accessible to women with AIDS because they could not be diagnosed with AIDS. So they waged this years long campaign, in which women of color and Black women in particular, were really at the forefront. Women like Katrina Haslip, like Phyllis Sharp, Iris De La Cruz, were, you know, marching on the CDC, demonstrating at the Department of Health and Human Services, you know, doing all kinds of work just to get recognized. And some of the activists who were involved in that work, the one that I write about in in this chapter, in particular is a woman named Dazon Dixon Diallo, who's still, she's one of those who's been in the fight for decades. She is the executive director of a group called Sister Love out of Atlanta, that does that work in Atlanta, but also are in the, you know, in the US south, but also in South Africa. So they made the move in the early 2000s, to open a second headquarters in Johannesburg, South Africa, on the kind of idea that, you know, women in, Black women in the US South face a similar set of, you know, structural inequities that are also faced by women in the global south; and that, you know, doing doing this work together can be really productive in how we think about, you know, what it's going to take to, to to end the AIDS epidemic. And, as Dazon likes to say, and I'm, I'm gonna paraphrase here, but you know, Dazon likes to say that, when you talk about HIV, and ending the AIDS epidemic is going to be women who end it. Um, and I think there's a lot, there's a lot of truth that.
Yeah. So you, of course, wrote this book, pre COVID. It was published once the COVID epidemic was raging already, but you know, it was written ahead of that. And so you have in this conversation made explicit connections to COVID. But what you connect it to in the book is the climate crisis, which, of course, is also very much upon us right now as we speak. So can you talk some about that? And that'll be sort of my my last question. What sorts of lessons we learned, and, of course, as we've said, the AIDS epidemic is not over either. But you know, what sorts of lessons we learned from these activists about, you know, what, who is affected by the climate crisis, what sort of work to do to solve, if we could solve the climate crisis, you know, and, of course, you're in South Florida, as you mentioned, and so, you know, this is got to be very top of mind to you, sort of at all times.
Yeah, all of these things are all raging here in South Florida. In terms of lessons, I mean, what we see very clearly in both in in HIV, and the climate crisis, and in COVID, is that the people who are, you know, the most marginalized, or the most disempowered, the most disenfranchised, are hit, are affected by disasters the most, and you know, that's whether we're talking about hurricanes, flooding, HIV, COVID, whatever. You know, the the most vulnerable are, are the most vulnerable. And so, you know, when you're talking about people who are poor, or immigrant, or Black, or women like, and when you, especially when you start talking about the intersection of those those vulnerabilities, you know, things can get very bad for people very quickly. So do we know, kind of off top, who is going to be the most affected, who is the most affected now by these disasters, who's going to be the most affected in the future? So we really need to focus our energy on reducing the vulnerability of those communities and that means, that means making our society less unequal and, you know, which probably sounds like a utopian or maybe unrealistic project. But, um, you know, I don't want it to be, you know, we know who's going to be the most affected and, you know, we can't think small in terms of solutions, right? I mean, to use the kind of like, to use the, the HIV or AIDS analogy, like, we can't be thinking about any of these things just in terms of like, condom, you know, like getting people to use condoms or you know, just getting vaccines into arms. Those are important, those are important steps, you know, but we can't limit the kind of horizon of, of our goals or our vision or action to those things like we need, we need to make our society more just and more equal, if we're going to weather the crises that we know, are coming. And so if we know that we need to make our society more equal, then that means that we need to, like build, we need to build power in those communities. And it can't be a matter of people from the outside doing to, or even for, but doing with, you know. So what's really powerful about some of the stories that I was able to tell in the book is about people organizing in ways, you know, sometimes across lines of race, or class, or gender or sexuality, in ways that devolve power to the people who are, you know, by dint of, you know, the, the place they were born, or the identities that they were born with, are the least empowered. So, you know, we really need to think about solutions, in that way, in not only solutions that focus on the people with the least power but that increase the power of the people who have the least power. You know, that's how we build a society that is more resilient to use a word that's a little bit complicated. But you know, that really is how we build a more just equitable, durable, resilient society is by you know, evening out that that imbalance. Kelly: So how can people get your book? They can get my book by going to the UNC press website. I think it's UNCPress.org. It is UNCOress.org. Search for "To Make the Wounded Whole." I really like people buying the book from either the press or their local independent bookstore. Um, so if you go to I think it's indiebound com, you can find independent bookstore near you. Here in South Florida, I really like a bookstore called Books & Books. I try to order all my books through them. So yeah, patronize your local independent book, bookseller, or, you can order directly from UNCPress.org. And also make sure to ask your local library, university or public library to order the book as well so that people can can access it for free.
And shout out to the series within UNC press that you are published through just quickly became becoming my favorite Academic Press book series. You want to just mention that series?
Yeah, the Justice, Power and Politics series is edited by Heather Thompson and Rhonda Williams, and is a fantastic, fantastic series within UNC presses offerings. You know, they published some really good work on, you know, the fight against mass incarceration, all kinds of like, if you're interested in activists, social justice history, this is a great series to check out. And it's one that I'm really, really just honored to be to be part of to be published alongside, you know, some other folks in the series is is really an honor. So I'm glad to be part of it.
Yeah. Well, Dan, is there anything else you wanted to make sure we talked about?
No, I think we covered a lot. So thanks again for having me on. And, you know, people can find me at Danroyles.com. Let me know if you'd like the book. I'd love to hear from readers.
Excellent. I'll put a link to your website in the show notes too, so people can find you. Thanks, Dan.
Teddy 44:09
Thanks for listening to Unsung History, you can find the sources used for this episode at UnsungHistoryPodcast.com. To the best of our knowledge, all audio and images used by Unsung History are in the public domain, or are used with permission. You can find us on Twitter or Instagram @Unsung_ _History or on Facebook at Unsung History Podcast. To contact us with questions or episode suggestions, please email Kelly@UnsungHistorypodcast.com. If you enjoyed this podcast, please rate and review and tell your friends.
Dan Royles
Dan Royles is a historian of the United States, African American life and culture, public health, sexuality, social movements, and the human body. His current book project, To Make the Wounded Whole: African-American Responses to HIVAIDS/ examines grassroots responses to the disproportionate impact of HIV and AIDS on black communities. Looking at the claims that African American AIDS activists made on government institutions, private granting agencies, and AIDS service organizations, this project locates their efforts to combat the deadly epidemic in the context of much longer histories of black health activism, and the way that African Americans have framed their fight for inclusion and equality in the United States in relation to other struggles throughout the African Diaspora and global south. Dr. Royles is also conducting an oral history project among African American AIDS activists and building an online archive of materials related to HIV and AIDS in African American communities. He also contributes regularly to Vitae, the academic jobs web portal from the Chronicle of Higher Education, and to OutHistory.
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An Adult Evening with Shel Silverstein
If you're looking for a story or 10 beyond the end of the sidewalk, then be sure to check out An Adult Evening of Shel Silverstein at the Majestic Theatre.
Silverstein, the late children's poet (he passed away in 1999), may be best remembered for works like "Where the Sidewalk Ends" and "Falling Up," but he started his career out on a different path.
Silverstein dabbled in drawing and explored songwriting and music. "He started out drawing cartoons for Playboy," said Mike Aronson, the director of An Adult Evening of Shel Silverstein.
Aronson said the play includes stories by the author, but very little poetry. "These plays are timeless," he said. "Only one of the 10 scenes is poetic and the poetry is performed by two hookers in a john… so they've learned how to proposition men in rhyme." It's best to leave the kids at home if you come out to watch humorous Silverstein scenes unfold on the Majestic's main stage.
"The stories themselves are interesting observations… Silverstein's imagination and the characters he's put together, they keep you thinking," Aronson said. Audience members will be entertained with everything from a blues harmonica player who doesn't want the world to know he has a talking dog to scenes packed with silly sexual politics.
Aronson called the humor level of the play "goofy," adding that viewers will want to pay attention to each story so they can get "what's going on."
A cast of 11 local actors and actresses and a trusty crew are helping to make the production a success. After a few rehearsals, Aronson discovered he was also working with a very musical cast and was happy to incorporate several of Silverstein's originally penned songs into the mix. "I added something to the stage that is not on the page," he said.
For a taste of Silverstein's songs and screenplays, with a dash of adult-appropriate poetic verse thrown in, catch performances of An Adult Evening of Shel Silverstein on Sept. 11, 12, 17, and 19 at 7:30 p.m., and performances at 2:30 p.m. on Sept. 13 and Sept. 20. For ticket information and reservations, visit http://majestic.org/an-adult-evening-of-shel-silverstein/ or call the box office at 541-738-7469. Opening night is this Friday, Sept. 11.
By Abbie Tumbleson
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Trailblog
Indiana's Cardinal Greenway
Posted 09/06/18 by Robert Annis in America's Trails, Health and Wellness
Trail crossing over the White River along the Cardinal Greenway near the McCulloch Riverview Trailhead in Muncie, Indiana | Photo by Tony Valainis
Trail of the Month: September 2018
This article was originally published in the Fall 2018 issue of Rails to trails magazine. It has been reposted here in an edited format.
"The Cardinal Greenway is listed time and time again as one of the best assets of each of our communities."
—Angie Pool, CEO, Cardinal Greenways
Decades ago, a disused railroad line found new life, becoming the Cardinal Greenway, Indiana's longest rail-trail. But with some ambitious new projects planned, the newest member of the Rail-Trail Hall of Fame—which is also celebrating its 25th anniversary as a trail in 2018—is about to experience yet another rebirth.
The old Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) rail line was about transportation, but the Cardinal Greenway is more than that today; it's about escape; an opportunity to retreat into nature. The paved trail stretches out 61.2 miles on a northwest-southeast trajectory connecting the mid-size cities of Marion, Muncie and Richmond—the rise of the trail having coincided with the revitalization of Muncie's downtown and the surrounding areas. Supporting these efforts as a recreational and cultural amenity, the trail seems to have helped generate an expanded sense of civic pride as well as an enhanced quality of life.
A popular section of the Cardinal Greenway passes over the White River near the McCulloch Riverview Trailhead in Muncie, Indiana. | Photo by Tony Valainis
Urban tract homes give way to pastoral farmland, while the bustle of automobile traffic disappears in favor of sweetly singing robins and catbirds (and yes, even cardinals). A canopy of oak, tulip and sycamore trees offers a shady respite from the afternoon sun throughout much of the route. Joggers share the trail with seniors kitted out in Lycra and aerodynamic helmets, while Ball State students in less "typical" cycling attire ride their Schwinn cruiser bikes down to Prairie Creek Reservoir to splash around in the water and blow off steam.
Although Indiana is notoriously flat, the trail grade even steepens slightly around Losantville, where the surrounding hills become a little more rolling. Years ago, a second set of tracks carried a secondary locomotive that helped push less-powerful or fully loaded trains up the grade, but cyclists rarely need that same extra boost up the hills.
From Rail Days to Trail Days
Muncie section of Cardinal Greenway | Photo by Eric Oberg, courtesy RTC
The locomotives on the line ran less than 100 years. At the turn of the last century, the C&O Railroad built the Cincinnati, Richmond, Muncie (CRM) line, which shuttled passengers, Appalachian coal, merchandise and other goods from Cincinnati to Chicago, with stops in Richmond, Muncie and Marion.
Passenger service on the CRM line declined steadily though the 1940s, ending in 1949, said Tom Dixon, chief historian of the C&O Historical Society. The C&O would eventually merge with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in 1963, starting a series of mergers and acquisitions that would ultimately lead to the formation of CSX. The line ceased to operate in 1986, and freight service rerouted through Indianapolis.
Beginning in 1993 as a volunteer effort—a phenomenon that continues to play heavily into the trail's existence—the first section was laid in 1998, with the Cardinal's current configuration completed 14 years later. The Wysor Street Depot in Muncie now serves as the Cardinal Greenways headquarters. Where passengers used to buy a ticket to ride the rails, visitors can drop in to borrow one of nearly two-dozen loaner bikes to explore the rail-trail.
"I remember my first months at the Cardinal Greenway and hearing that the trail was the best-kept secret in town," said Angie Pool, CEO of Cardinal Greenways. "We've worked hard to break out of this mold, so everyone knows about and enjoys all the Cardinal Greenway has to offer.
Bridge in the Richmond section of the Cardinal Greenway | Photo by Eric Oberg courtesy RTC
In fact, the Cardinal Greenway served as "an inspiration" for other rural rail-trails such as the Nickel Plate Trail and Panhandle Pathway, "paving the way, pardon the pun," for the nonprofit model in Indiana, said Amy Marisavljevic, streams and trails section chief for the Indiana Department of Natural Resources.
"A couple of decades ago, rail-trails were controversial and got a lot of resistance in their proposed communities," Marisavljevic explained. "But the Cardinal Greenway showed how they could become a great asset."
Pool says that the decision to form a nonprofit Cardinal Greenways organization was more of an expedience issue than an attempt to be groundbreaking. "We couldn't make the deadline for filing for the abandoned right-of-way if we were a governmental group due to the need to cross so many jurisdictions," Pool said. "We also felt we could raise money for the match quickly and efficiently if we had a locally controlled 501(c)(3)" [nonprofit], adding that while the Cardinal Greenway continues to be a popular amenity for the locals, raising money to maintain it hasn't always been easy.
In addition to the major municipalities along the route, the Ball Brothers Foundation and Lilly Foundation have been huge supporters of the trail since the beginning. But they aren't able to foot the bill for everything. The nonprofit relies heavily on a network of 450 volunteers to handle litter removal and minor repairs. Apart from those patch jobs, the trail hasn't been repaved since it was originally built.
"We're trying to prioritize repaving during the upcoming fundraising campaigns," Pool says. "Some of this pavement has been around for 20 years! The trail (as it is now) isn't going to last forever. … (But) we have strived to keep the trail in the best shape we can and use resources wisely to extend the life of the asphalt—keeping it safe and smooth for all to enjoy."
Another New Start: A Bridge and a Brownfield
The Cardinal Greenway is celebrating its 25th year as a community treasure. | Photo courtesy Cardinal Greenways Inc
Because the rail line was built relatively late in the development of the region, it was difficult to lay track through heavily trafficked areas; that may be the reason why the trail comes close to, but doesn't pass directly through, the cities' downtowns. But more than a century after the first iron rail was laid, and 25 years after the Cardinal Greenway was first established, development is coming to the trail.
Just as the Cardinal Greenway revitalized an abandoned and unsightly rail line, two new projects promise rebirth. A new "Kitselman" Trailhead will connect the Cardinal Greenway to the White River Greenway (managed by Cardinal Greenways) via a bridge built more than a century ago by Muncie's own Indiana Bridge Company. The 5.6-mile White River Greenway follows its namesake from the west side of Muncie to the John Craddock Wetland Nature Preserve, ending at Bunch Boulevard near North Gavin Street. The bridge, now being refurbished, will link the two trails as a pedestrian-only span across the White River and south of Phillips Lake, meeting the Cardinal Greenway just north of East Jackson Street. In time, additional green space, boat launches, a loop trail and more will be added.
Near the Wysor Street Depot along the Cardinal Greenway in Indiana | Photo by Tony Valainis
Bordering this trail segment will be a separate $60 million project called Kitselman Pure Energy Park, a mixed-use development featuring a five-megawatt solar power plant; a community center with classrooms; the headquarters building for electric-vehicle manufacturer DD DANNAR; and a mid-size hotel. The PEP complex, as it is known, is being built on the site of the former Indiana Steel and Wire Company factory, which was shuttered more than a decade ago. (The factory was built by the Kitselman brothers more than a century ago, hence the name of the two projects.)
The PEP plan transforms a blighted brownfield "that once polluted and almost killed the White River, into a pedestrian-friendly trail and river-centric greenfield landscape surrounded by green technology businesses," wrote David Rubin, who created the project's master plan. The goal, he wrote, is to transform "Muncie's industrial heritage to an alternative energy revolution by celebrating art, nature, history, and recreation and the embrace of new technologies. Quality of place is the future trademark of a vibrant and thriving city."
"Muncie has lost about 17,000 manufacturing jobs over the years. How do you keep young professionals in town? How do you attract tech businesses?" posed John Craddock, a member of the Cardinal Greenway and Community Enhancement Projects (CEP) board. "Years ago, businesses asked for tax breaks and good relations with labor upfront. Now companies are more interested in education options for their staff and families, as well as trails and recreational opportunities. These two projects will really benefit each other and the community."
Forging Links—to Health and Recreation
At 61.2 miles, the Cardinal Greenway is a popular route for long-distance bicyclists. | Photo by Robert Annis
According to a recent study conducted by Indiana University's (IU's) Eppley Institute for Parks and Public Lands, nearly a third of users travel more than 7 miles to use the greenway, about double the state average of 15 percent for trail use. Conversely, nearly 30 percent travel less than a mile to use the Cardinal. Once there, Cardinal users spent 77 minutes traveling 11.5 miles on the greenway 4.5 times a week, all numbers that are higher than the state averages for trails.
Nearly 70 percent say they're exercising more because of the trail.
About 64 percent of Cardinal users are looking to get fit or stay in shape, while another 15 percent say they're just having fun outside. Nearly 70 percent say they're exercising more because of the trail, and 37 percent say they're at least twice as active as before they began using the greenway. Led by IU Health Ball Memorial Hospital, the 115 businesses and community organizations making up the Healthy Community Alliance of Delaware and Blackford Counties use the Cardinal Greenway as a lynchpin for their fitness initiatives.
"The ability to bicycle or walk in a scenic environment mostly free of motor vehicles allows you to set your mind free for awhile, putting your body into motion," says John D. Disher, community outreach manager for IU Health Ball Memorial Hospital Foundation. "The Cardinal Greenway has no cost to use, it has a 61-mile length that cuts an angle through the middle of Delaware County, and it's within 2 miles or less of a majority of homes in the area. It also serves as a transportation link, enabling community members to walk or bike to destinations, further supporting an active lifestyle."
Greenway Means Greenbacks
Cardinal Greenway | Photo by Cindy Dickerson, courtesy RTC
Because the Cardinal Greenway stretches so far, users tend to spend more time—and more money—on it.
Despite most restaurants and other amenities along the route being a few blocks off the trail, the average Cardinal Greenway user spends $41.50 per visit at surrounding businesses and about $4,528 annually. That compares well to the statewide average of $47.30 per visit and $3,564 annually. While only a few businesses are located just off the greenway, some recent signs indicate that this might begin to change. In addition to the Kitselman projects, the supermarket Fresh Thyme earlier this year requested a spur trail running about a city block from the store to the greenway. Locals say there have been rumblings of other businesses relocating to prime trail spots.
A trail user enjoys a peaceful ride along the Cardinal Greenway near the Medford Trailhead. | Photo by Tony Valainis
"The Cardinal Greenway is listed time and time again as one of the best assets of each of our communities," said Pool. "Businesses promote themselves by saying they're 'located beside the beautiful Cardinal Greenway,' realtors brag homes are 'just 1 mile from the Cardinal Greenway.' The Chamber of Commerce and Economic Development staff use it to bring new businesses to town and to keep employees here.
"She continued, "We promote what the trail can do for all of our communities, form partnerships and collaborations to boost local pride, and increase tourism and economic value to each."
Rolling Ahead
Stretching nearly 62 miles, the Cardinal Greenway is the state's longest rail-trail. | Photo courtesy Cardinal Greenways Inc
With the recent news that the Cardinal Greenway would become the newest member of the Rail-Trail Hall of Fame, Pool predicts even brighter days for the trail.
"The staff, volunteers, and trail users have all contributed to the trail gaining popularity each year," said Pool. "We remain dedicated to continuing this and keeping the trail wonderful for the next generation of users."
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Best Of Encouraging Trail Use Facts and FIgures Featured Magazine Articles Health and Active Living Heritage and Restoration History Happened Here Indiana Tourism Tourism and Economic Development Tourism and Economic Stimulus Trail Businesses Trail Communities Trail Destinations Trail of the Month Trail Use Tips Walkability and Bikeability
Robert Annis is an Indianapolis-based freelance writer specializing in cycling and outdoor travel. When he's not hunched over a keyboard, you are likely to find him pedaling the back roads and trails of the Midwest or traveling around the globe. Find examples of his work on robertannis.contently.com.
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Cardinal Greenways
Indiana Department of Natural Resources
Name: Cardinal Greenway
Used railroad corridor: Originally the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, which subsequently became part of the CSX railroad network.
Trail website: Cardinal Greenways
Length: 61.2 miles
Counties: Grant, Delaware, Henry, Randolph and Wayne
Start point/end point: County Road 400 W. just south of W. Delphi Pike/US 18 (Marion) and E. 10th St. (Jonesboro); W. County Road 850 N. (Gaston) to Test Road and River Road (Richmond)
Surface type: Asphalt
Grade: The trail's grade doesn't exceed 3 percent. From Muncie's Wysor Street Depot, a popular starting point, travelers will have a slightly uphill climb heading south to Losantville (the trail's highest point), but, from there, it's easy sailing down to Richmond, the trail's lowest point.
Uses: The paved pathway is suitable for walking, biking, inline skating and cross-country skiing (the trail is not plowed in winter); it's also wheel-chair accessible.
At the Medford trailhead (County Road 500 South), equestrians can access the 3.5-mile Cardinal Greenway Horse Trail that parallels the paved Cardinal Greenway and extends to South County Road 534 East. The Medford trailhead features a circular gravel lot with hitching rails and room for horse trailers.
Getting there: The nearest commercial airport is the Fort Wayne International Airport (3801 W. Ferguson Road, Fort Wayne), about 50 miles from the trail's northern end in Marion. Another option is the Indianapolis International Airport (7800 Col. H. Weir Cook Memorial Dr., Indianapolis), about 80 miles from the southern end of the trail in Richmond.
Access and parking: To access the northernmost trailhead just outside of Marion: From I-69, take Exit 264 for IN 18. Head west on IN 18, and go 10.8 miles. Turn left onto County Road 400 W. The trailhead and parking lot for the Sweetser Switch Trail (which serves both the Sweetser Switch Trail and the Cardinal Greenway) will be on your right. Cross the railroad tracks to access the Cardinal Greenway on the opposite side of the street.
To reach the trailhead in Gaston, take I-69 to Exit 255 for IN 26 toward Hartford. Head east on IN 26, and travel 1.5 miles. Turn right onto S. Wheeling Pike. In 3 miles, turn right onto S. CR 900 E, which becomes N. CR 600 W. In 4.9 miles, turn right onto CR 850 N/W. Elm St. In 0.3 mile turn left onto Broad St. to find the trailhead.
To access the southernmost trailhead near Veterans Memorial Park: From I-70, take Exit 149 or 149A, and head south on Williamsburg Pike. In 2.4 miles, turn left onto Richmond Ave. In 0.6 mile, cross the East Fork Whitewater River, and Richmond Ave. becomes N. D St. Go 0.1 mile after crossing the river, and turn right onto N. Fifth St. Immediately turn right onto N. D St. The parking lot is 0.1 mile straight ahead. The trailhead will be on your right and is located just under the Richmond Ave. Bridge.
To navigate the area with an interactive GIS map, and to see more photos, user reviews and ratings, plus loads of other trip-planning information, visit RTC's free trail-finder website, TrailLink.com.
Rentals: Free bike rentals are available at the Historic Wysor Street Depot (700 E. Wysor Street, Muncie; 765.287.0399) by depositing your driver's license.
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Lumberjack saw Warren Arkansas British Columbia
Lumberjack Saws / November 11, 2016
Frankie Armstrong
Born in Cumberland, The united kingdomt, Frankie began singing whenever first people increase struck England in 1957. By 1962 she had turned to Uk traditional tracks and ballads, which, alongside commercial and modern British tracks, today form the woman vast music repertoire. Frankie has been deeply impacted by A.L. Lloyd and Ewan MacColl, Britain's leading scholars and exponents of old-fashioned song. She's caused them in recordings plus in live activities. And the woman work in the people clubs, she's done at numerous folk and arts celebrations, and has now toured in america, Canada and Europe. Recently, Frankie happens to be leading an ever-increasing amount of vocal workshops, designed to assist vocalists and non-singers alike to liberate their sounds. Frankie is also a social employee, and throughout a lot of the last fifteen many years did inside field.
Leon Bibb
Leon Bibb isn't any complete stranger to Vancouver viewers; he life and often carries out here. We're pleased to welcome him back into the Festival. Those lucky souls who attended the purpose Stage Blues Workshop final summer time will remember Leon's powerful a cappella performance of work tracks and chain gang tracks – the type of songs which sooner or later provided beginning to your blues. Now, Leon Bibb has taped a television specific for the CBC, "Mr. Candyman and also the Gospel, " which he conceived and co-wrote. This special is going to be broadcast into the fall season.
With a grand roar of Celtic thunder, Barde introduced tens of thousands for their feet throughout their Pacific to Atlantic Canadian trip through the summertime of 1978. From Cape Breton to Vancouver the standard tunes of Ireland, Scotland, Quebec plus the Atlantic Provinces relocated the ground under foot. The music is played on fiddle, guitar, banjo, mandolin, dulcimer, tin whistle, recorder, accordion and bohdran. Barde users hail from a number of sides of the world. Toby Cinnnsealac and Chris Crilly come from Ireland; Richard Chapman and Ed Moore are from the USA and Pierre Guerin and Elliot Selick tend to be Quebecois. Together, in French and English, they bring to life a music generations old. If you're perhaps not already a fan of Celtic songs, Barde can make you one.
Tony Bird
Born of British parents in Malawi, Tony Bird is a self-taught singer and guitar player whoever travels took him to Britain, the Mediterranean, the Persian Gulf and all sorts of over Southern Africa. Influenced by stone, jazz, and blues, Tony has additionally consumed the native rhythms and shades of his indigenous Africa. It is strange for a white performer. Exactly what perhaps is much more strange may be the view of South African society expressed in the tracks. Tony Bird writes his songs in solidarity with black colored Africans and their struggle against oppression. Tony is unquestionably an uncommon bird, and bound to be among the unexpected situations at this year's event.
Ken Bloom
Occasionally it appears to united states that the tool Ken Bloom can't play featuresn't already been built yet, so when it is, Ken will build it. Ken has actually risen above their former calling as a studio musician for such unforgettable noise paths as "Mod Squad" and "The Monkees, " and we also think this is great. Bloom happy audiences eventually year's event along with his work on a number of the numerous devices he plays, including electric guitar, clarinet, saxophone, bandura, Northumbrian tiny pipelines and Delta bottle-neck blues concert zither, in addition to their hot Motown plans of traditional US folk songs. Who knows what he's got at heart this year. His fine first record album is currently available on Flying fish.
Heather Bishop
Heather Bishop is much better known in prairies than this woman is here, but we instead think your Festival will change all of that. She actually is a superb performer, a powerful and interpretive blues musician and the composer of some remarkable songs. Heather normally known for the woman championship for the women's activity. The woman very first solamente album, "Grandmother's Songs, " has already been introduced on Mother of Pearl label.
Dave Bradstreet and Carl Kesee
Although born in London, Dave Bradstreet is no stranger towards Canadian folk scene. He begun to have fun with the Toronto folk clubs in 1968, going through the Riverboat toward Pornographic Onion, and opening for functions such as for instance Biff Rose and David Bromberg. In 1974 he formed the group Lazarus with Carl Keesee and Bill Hughes, and toured america and Canada. In 1975 Dave and Carl toured Canada as a duo, and they're coming collectively towards Vancouver Folk music Festival additionally. Dave plays electric guitar, banjo and ukulele, while Carl, on bass, clarinet and vocals, is described as "more lover than backup." Dave's 2nd album, "Dreaming in Colour, " is reported to be "all in regards to the emancipation of a folkie."
Saul Broudy
Saul could very well be most widely known as a harmonica player, having accompanied such designers as Steve Goodman, Jim Ringer, Debby McClatchy and Utah Philips, in both tracks and live activities. He in addition sings and plays electric guitar in a wide range of designs, including country-and-western, bluegrass, 50's rock-and-roll, blues and United states people. Originally from Philadelphia, Saul happens to be a consistent performer at groups and celebrations, coffee homes, universities and large schools, all over the Midwestern and east USA and Canada. He could be additionally a PhD prospect in folklore within University of Pennsylvania.
Bob Carpenter's songs being called "unabashedly intimate, " while Bob himself is referred to as "the archetypal folkie." After a northern Ontario youth, he spent the 60's wandering round the continent. He travelled the Canadian coffee-house circuit, focusing on Yorkville when it is at its peak. His tracks have now been taped by Tom race and Bonnie Koloc, among others. Bob plans to carry on playing for Toronto people groups, and a record because of the CBC is possible in the near future.
The Cathy Fink – Duck Donald Band
Since 1974 Cathy Fink and Duck Donald have actually criss-crossed Canada therefore the USA, touring non-stop while perfecting their unique way of the old-time songs obtained become heir to. Previously in 2010, Cathy and Duck decided to build regarding the basis that they had laid, providing on their own the possibility to explore types of old-time music that required more devices and much more than two voices. They joined up with causes with Darcie Deaville, one of the better flat-pickers around, and bass player Dave Harvey (that dessert eatin' man!). Dave previously used the Humber River Valley Boys, while Darcie recently used the Albertan nation and bluegrass musical organization, Village Point. Thus, The Cathy Fink-Duck Donald Band came to be: a versatile group that performs old-time duets, string musical organization music, bluegrass and swing. The band features interesting initial material plus the old-time greats using country and western appeal that he heard and loved a year ago. Our company is genuine happy to ask them to back.
Born in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in 1893, Elizabeth Cotten is best referred to as composer of the classic "Freight Train, " a folk track she published whenever she was 12. Her complex finger picking style features offered as a design for generations of musicians, although hardly any have actually ever before attemptedto master her strange strategy. She plays left-handed, with her guitar presented "upside down, " in other words. without reversing the strings, to ensure her flash selections out the melody range. The woman songs pre-dates the blending of ragtime, traditional and spiritual tunes that has been part of the turn-of-the-century black colored experience.
Source: thefestival.bc.ca
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@(((Mr. Magnifecho))): Who is a lumberjack's favorite movie director? Tim Burrrrrrrrrrton
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