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Q: Is there a way to make UDF that gives a description like the native Excel functions have when user clicks the Fx button? If I type =vlookup( (or any other native Excel function) in the formula bar and then click the little Fx button to the left of the formula I get a Function Arguments prompt with all the available arguments.  In that prompt, below the functional arguments, is a one or two sentence description of the function and of each argument as you move your cursor from each argument's input box.
When I type in the name of my UDF and click the Fx I get an input box for all of my arguments but that is it.  Is there a way I can add those same helpful type of descriptions that native Excel functions have?

A: Create function like I have created below: Function CompanyNames:
Function CompanyNames(CompanyCode As Integer, Data As Range) As String

CompanyNames = WorksheetFunction.VLookup(CompanyCode, Data, 2, False)

End Function

Run below code once and you get the argument description in Function
Sub DescribeFunction()

Dim FuncName As String
Dim FuncDesc As String
Dim Category As String
Dim ArgDesc(1 To 2) As String

FuncName = "CompanyNames"
FuncDesc = "Returns the Company Name"

ArgDesc(1) = "Provide the Company Code"
ArgDesc(2) = "Select Range to lookup"

Application.MacroOptions _
  Macro:=FuncName, _
  Description:=FuncDesc, _
  Category:=Category, _
  ArgumentDescriptions:=ArgDesc
End Sub

A: Type =FormulaName( into a cell and then press Ctrl+Shift+A and it will fill in the reference name of the arguments

A: I suggest further investigating the Application.MacroOptions method.  That method allows you to provide not only a description for the function, but also a description for each of the arguments.  For example, if you have a function called "SampleFunction" that takes two arguments, you can run the following and it will set you up nicely for using the fx button with your function.:
Private Sub RegisterMyFunction()
    Application.MacroOptions _
        Macro:="SampleFunction", _
        Description:="calculates a result based on provided inputs", _
        Category:="My UDF Category", _
        ArgumentDescriptions:=Array( _
            "is the first argument.  tell the user what it does", _
            "is the second argument.  tell the user what it does")
End Sub

A: EDIT
I just noted you are creating UDFs in VBA thus my reply may not be applicable to your situation.

Have a look at one of the sample projects in Excel SDK called Generic.
It is a bare minimum skeleton to build upon
Right after the header include statements, you will notice a declaration of a two dimensional array where the rows represent the number of UDFs in your XLL and the columns are used for the description of the particular UDF
The first column is used for the name of UDF followed by the a string that contains the letters that represent the data type of each parameter in your UDF.
These columns may be used to put description text for each of your parameters in UDFs
The number of columns are determined by the UDF that has the largest number of parameters and the UDFs that have fewer parameters use empty strings as values that are beyond the number of parameters in such UDFs
But then these descriptions will be displayed in the dialog box that pops up when your click on Fx icon

A: Yes, there is a somewhat hidden way to do that:
After you defined your UDF in VBA, go to the Object Browser in the Visual Basic Editor (F2). Here, in the top drop down, select VBAProject. In the window below, navigate to your UDF and right click it - select Properties:

In the properties, you can provide the description.

If you need further information, e.g. how to add the function to a certain category check out this OzGrid article!


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            A MIDI Library for .NET

Control Enumeration

 MIDI Control, used in Control Change messages.

public enum Control

Remarks

In MIDI, Control Change messages are used to influence various auxiliary "controls" on a device, such as knobs, levers, and pedals. Controls are specified with integers in [0..127]. This enum provides an incomplete list of controls, because most controls are too obscure to document effetively here. Even for the ones listed here, the details of how the value is interpreted are arcane. Please see the MIDI spec for details.

The most commonly used control is SustainPedal, which is considered off when < 64, on when > 64.

This enum has extension methods, such as Name and IsValid, defined in ControlExtensionMethods.

Members

            Member Name
            Description

ModulationWheel	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

DataEntryMSB	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

Volume	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

Pan	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

Expression	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

DataEntryLSB	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

SustainPedal	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

ReverbLevel	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

TremoloLevel	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

ChorusLevel	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

CelesteLevel	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

PhaserLevel	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

NonRegisteredParameterLSB	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

NonRegisteredParameterMSB	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

RegisteredParameterNumberLSB	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

RegisteredParameterNumberMSB	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

AllControllersOff	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

AllNotesOff	General MIDI Control--See MIDI spec for details.

Requirements

        Namespace:
        Midi

        Assembly: Midi (in Midi.dll)

See Also

        Midi Namespace

          Copyright © 2009 Tom Lokovic

Generated from assembly Midi [1.1.0.0] by NDoc3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package javasmmr.zoosome.models.animals;

public class Penguin extends Bird {
	public Penguin(int nrOfLegs, String name, boolean migrates, int avgFlightAltitude) {
		super(nrOfLegs, name, migrates, avgFlightAltitude);
	}

	public Penguin() {
		super(2, "Penguin", false, 0);
	}
}


text:
Calkins: Twelve thoughts on Big 12 expansion
Don't let anyone tell you they know exactly how this is going to turn out. It's all too tenous, and there are too many factors at play.
Calkins: Twelve thoughts on Big 12 expansion Don't let anyone tell you they know exactly how this is going to turn out. It's all too tenous, and there are too many factors at play. Check out this story on commercialappeal.com: https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/sports/columnists/geoff-calkins/2016/07/21/calkins-twelve-thoughts-on-big-12-expansion/90571376/
The Commercial Appeal Published 6:04 p.m. CT July 21, 2016
Stan Carroll / The Commercial Appeal June 1, 2016- Colorful University of Memphis banners are added to the side of the Children's Museum of Memphis. The University of Memphis is among several schools seeking to become a Big 12 expansion member, if the league decides to expand. Big 12 officials are attending annual spring meetings in Irving, Texas this week to discuss, among other topics, league expansion. (Stan Carroll/The Commercial Appeal)(Photo: Nikki Boertman)
Twelve more thoughts on Big 12 expansion:
1. I'm shocked — shocked! — that politics might play a role in expansion issues. First, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott said Big 12 expansion 'is a non-starter' if Houston isn't included. Then University of Texas president Greg Fenves got behind the Houston bid. Fenves tweeted: 'As we look at opportunities for Big 12 expansion, I support considering @UHouston for the conference. UH is a huge asset for Texas.'
2. The upshot: Don't let anyone tell you they know exactly how this is going to turn out. It's all too tenous, and there are too many factors at play. Baylor and Texas Tech are members of the Big 12 right now because of political forces in Texas. They were issued their invitations because of powerful friends. So while I was heartened to hear that FedEx vice president Alan Graf said 'if they take four teams, I'm 100 percent convinced we'll be in,' I won't be 100 percent convinced until I show up at the Liberty Bowl for kickoff of the first game.
3. University of Memphis president David Rudd hasn't made any public comments since the news that the Big 12 will pursue expansion, but I did talk to him about the issues in May. 'I really don't believe it's hyperbolic to say it would be transformational to be in a Power Five conference,' he said. 'I don't think that's an exaggeration if you look at the potential impact in terms of economic impact for the city and the university as a whole. I think we all recognize the financial impact. The visibility would be tremendous, if you look at the size of those universities, if you look at the universities that are in the Power Five conferences and those that are not, if you look at the growth trajectory in terms of students, you look at research growth. It really has uniform impact across the university and across the city.'
4. Rudd's focus on this issue isn't a surprise to anyone who has followed him closely. He was on the faculty at the University of Utah when that school joined the Pac-12. He then wrote about the impact on the entire university for ESPN The Magazine. But I'm not sure I've ever heard him speak more bluntly about the importance of Power Five membership than in this quote: 'We've said from Day One, we are making every effort to move this university forward academically, athletically, our integration with this community, and with a national footprint. The only way to do that as a public research university, and to make that kind of progress, and to do it in a timely way, and to do it in a reasonable way, is to do that through the visibility of athletics, and to be a part of what is now called this Power Five group. It's critical for us.'
5. If Rudd manages to pull this off, it'll be a historic year for the university. First, Memphis gains autonomy from the Board of Regents. Next, it might get an invitation to join one of the great conferences in the land.
6. Of course, not so long ago Memphis was celebrating an invitation to join the Big East. 'By golly, we did it!' said athletic director R.C. Johnson, at that 2012 press conference. The next thing you know, the Big East was imploding. Memphis wound up in the diluted American Athletic Conference.
7. Could the same thing happen this time? Absolutely. Texas and Oklahoma could bolt for the SEC or the Pac-12 or anywhere else. Nothing is permanent in conference realignment. But Memphis can't worry about that as it makes its current pitch.
8. If Memphis does join the Big 12, it will have to upgrade its facilities. That might ultimately include the Liberty Bowl. When I asked Rudd about this, he said, 'I think the Liberty Bowl serves us very well. At this point, our challenge is to fill the Liberty Bowl week in, week out. We have to demonstrate the capacity to fill our stadium before we think about moving forward. But if you look at opportunities in a Power Five conference, if you look at the chance to be somewhere where the revenue generation on an annual basis is as high as it is in a Power Five conference, it creates all kinds of opportunities in terms of upgrades to facilities, thinking about the possibility of new facilities, our capacity to bond to build would be enhanced tremendously over where it is today.'
9. My interpretation of that: If Memphis joins the Big 12, it will eventually either replace the Liberty Bowl with an on-campus stadium or invest significant money in renovating the building. I'm talking way down the road, of course. The schools that join the Big 12 won't be entitled to a full share of conference money for years. But ultimately, those schools will have a massive bump in revenue, which can be used on new facilities, among other things.
10. Let's admit the whole realignment process is ridiculous, even as we hope it works out for Memphis in the end. There shouldn't be such a vast divide between Power Five conferences and the rest of the universe. It's one of the ugliest aspects of college sports. Why should Louisville be so much richer than Memphis? Why should Baylor be so much richer than Connecticut? Let's say Memphis gets an invitation to the Big 12 over BYU. Good for the Tigers, right? But BYU has a excellent, even storied athletic program. Why should BYU be left out? The same goes for any number of fine institutions, now groveling for their financial lives.
11. The conference race for cash has ruined traditions and rivalries. It has robbed us of Texas vs. Texas A&M, Nebraska vs. Oklahoma, Georgetown vs. Syracuse and Memphis vs. Louisville. It has moved Maryland to the Big Ten, Missouri to the SEC, Louisville to the ACC and who knows what comes next? All so conferences can distribute more money to their members, which can then be spent on more ostentatious facilities and more outrageous coaching salaries.
12. It's borderline immoral. It's also the world we occupy. The fate of the University of Memphis hangs in the balance. So go, David Rudd, go.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


TAFE providers have extensive expertise, developed over many decades, in developing and delivering training programs that match the skill and knowledge needs of business, health and community services agencies and a myriad of other organisations. TAFE has invested energy and capability in instructional design, delivery practice and assessment models for effective training, be it on campus, online or in the workplace.
Applied research opens a new dimension in which TAFE providers can extend the impact of their industry contacts, energy, discipline knowledge and training know-how.
Applied research is activated when a TAFE industry client – large, medium, small, micro or startup – identifies a problem or promising idea and seeks TAFE's participation in responding to it.
Applied research concentrates on technical challenges, business process bottlenecks and service delivery inefficiencies. It may also be concerned with designing high quality training programs that overcome such problems, including examining what constitutes best practice in teaching and learning. But it's the challenge, the bottleneck, the inefficiency, the idea in a business setting that is the flywheel of applied research.
Applied research harnesses the skills and knowledge of TAFE teachers to devise solutions in collaboration with an industry client. The benefit for TAFE students is becoming active participants in resolving a live problem in their industry of study. This scenario means they can apply what they already know and can do, develop new skills, make a difference. It's a scenario that fosters engagement, boosts learning outcomes and lifts career opportunities.
Applied research can be a particularly valuable TAFE service to startups and to small and medium sized businesses. Businesses of this size often confront problems that need solutions in a shorter time than a detailed, long term research program can provide. Smaller businesses rarely have the financial resources to invest in long term research, and rarely have the staffing resources or capability to oversee a research program.
TAFE knows how to work with business of all sizes and all stages of development. Applying that sound understanding to collaborative applied research problem solving and idea development is an essential pathway for successful applied research.
understanding how to define a problem or opportunity and how to design an efficient research program which has the fastest path to resolution.
Some TAFE teachers are already active in applied research. Sometimes it goes under other names, like prototyping, or tinkering, or applied commonsense. The great opportunity for TAFE is to grow applied research expertise across the sector and to share it for the benefit of our students and the industries we serve.


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"Persilleriet is a friendly vegetarian lunchbar and catering service in the heart of Trondheim. They have a variety of dishes at very reasonable prices."


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Chandler Holds First MLK Awards Event
For the first time in its 110-year history, the City of Chandler hosted the "Keeping the Dream Alive" Awards, in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Councilmember OD Harris proposed, spearheaded and organized the initiative on behalf of the Ready Set Go Foundation, with the blessing and support of the Chandler Mayor and Council.…
HONORING KING
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Owning a Home: Guidance from Your Local Home Lending Advisor
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50th celebration photo gallery
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by Darnell Hill	 November 12, 2021 November 12, 2021
World Dignitaries React South Africa's Bishop Tutu Dies
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HAPPY KWANZAA
Special to the Informant For the fourth out of five years Positive Image Sports partnered with the HEAAL Coalition which hosts a Cereal Fest at Parsons Center for Health and Wellness in downtown Phoenix. Just shy of a hundred youth appeared on Saturday, Dec. 18, and enjoyed the opportunity to eat 22 different types of cereal…
Rev. Bernard Black Laid To Rest At SPMBC. By Jacquelyn Darby
On Friday, Dec. 10, the members of South Phoenix laid to rest their beloved pastor, the late Rev. Dr. Bernard Black. The homegoing celebration of the Rev. Black was held at his beloved South Phoenix Missionary Baptist Church the place Dr. Black dedicat- ed his life unselfishly as a preacher, teacher, mentor, leader, counselor, friend, husband and…
Phoenix Union High School District Black Alliance President Sandra Jenkins Speaks to the Black Press
Special to the Informant When first meeting Jean and Marcus Baylor, the talented duo that makes up The Baylor Project, you are struck by their easy, comfortable demeanor. They finish each other's sentences. They banter stories back and forth with fun and love. There is a dynamic between them that explains the beautiful connection they create on stage…
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We know Portland, what it takes to buy or sell a home here, and how to create an experience you'll love.
When you love something, it shows. More than 35 years ago, Joan Amico found her passion in helping people navigate the Portland real estate market, building a loyal clientele and a leading track record ever since. She passed along this knack for people pleasing and market ingenuity to her son, Darrin Amico, who eventually joined forces with her to create The Amico Group, bringing with him fresh ideas, technological savvy, and exceptional adaptability to new trends and markets.
Doing the right thing is important to us. We're wholly and honestly devoted to helping you achieve what's important to you. That means always telling you what you need to know, even if it's not what you want to hear.
We know Portland. We carefully track market trends. And we consistently sell homes for more per square foot and help our clients buy at strategically better values than our closest competitor.
We listen to you from the get-go and never stop. Your preferences. Your concerns. Your ideas. Your dreams. And we keep you updated every step of the way on how we're getting you there.
Combining the tried-and-true with innovative new ways to exceed your expectations is part of our Open Mind policy. The sky's the limit and we're looking forward to demonstrating that.
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text:
India's T20 against Sri Lanka abandoned
The first of the three Twenty20 internationals between India and Sri Lanka at Guwahati was called off due to rain.
It started raining at the Barsapara Cricket Stadium after India captain Virat Kohli had won the toss and opted to field on Sunday.
The umpires made three inspections before deciding that the outfield had not dried enough to commence the match.
The second T20 will be held at Indore on Tuesday.
©RAW2020
Short blasts century for Hurricanes in BBL
'World-class' BBL star D'Arcy Short primed for India ODIs after Hurricanes ton


An overemphasis on US-China relations is not the only misleading focus detracting from the root of the problem surrounding the worldwide economy and impairing the track for sustained global recovery.
A reliance on using GDP as a method of measuring the state of a country's economy is also hampering growth.
Since the world's biggest power and the world's rising power became economically "engaged" – an unimaginable achievement just a few generations ago – there has been a huge emphasis on US-China relations, regarded as the most imperative issue in "ironing out" monetary imbalances and achieving global economical growth.
Whilst China and US currency relations are important in the adjusting of global trade imbalances, there has been a misleading picture painted that the global economic woes are merely a US-China affair. The US is so convinced its economic worries stem from China that US members of Congress and economists for the Obama administration are threatening to take actions against China, such as a 20 per cent levy on Chinese imports, if it does not revalue its currency.
As movements in currencies do not generate additional demand for the global economy, the changing value of the US currency and the Chinese currency is therefore far from the blueprint for promoting worldwide fiscal development. For the world to recover from the economic slump, and if it is to sustain fiscal growth, there needs to be a boost in global demand.
According to a recent analysis by South Center, which analyzed the degree the world's major economies are bearing on global demand, the solution to achieving economic stability stems from implementing strategies and policies designed to reduce over-consumption in the US, whilst addressing under-consumption in those countries running on surplus.
The United States is a civilization that is well-used to spending beyond its means, and according to the report by South Center, the US's tendency for over-consumption – which has led to phenomenal levels of household debt and thereby a large trade deficit – has to be reduced, alongside an increase in exports, if the US is to adjust its financial imbalances.
Although the US needs to curb excessive spending, reduce personal debt and adjust its trade deficit, a conflicting problem has manifested itself in many other countries. Presently in countries where pubic spending has been dramatically cut due to wage cuts and the desire not to be in debt, import demands have lulled through suppressed consumption habits. The crux of the issue is that if the world is to emerge from the economic downturn countries need to increase wages, which will encourage public spending. Then there will be a higher demand for imports, which will other countries exports and GDP growth.
This is the current situation in countries such as Japan and particularly Germany, which has been "siphoning global demand without adding much to global growth," according to the South Center. A combination of high levels of unemployment and a stagnation of wages means that there is little demand for imported goods, which in turn forces global demand to languish and suppresses countries GDP growth.
China, however, is the anomaly in the current "no win" model of under-consumption, repressing global growth as, while most countries are experiencing fiscal insecurity, China is emerging as an economic power.
"China cannot keep its exports growing at similar rates and continue to increase rapidly its penetration in markets abroad at a time when growth in the US is below potential, unemployment remains high and sticky, and reduction in global imbalances is seen as the key to global stability," said the report.
There are, however, problems associated with using GDP as a method of measuring useful domestic production. It is all very well the US blaming China's growth in exports on America's tendency to over consume. In reality, although in American stores such as Wal-Mart an abundance of products have a "made in China" label, the GDP from the creation and the sale of the product shows up as US GDP.
The price on the ticket represents 'US' costs, including warehouse and store costs and transportation. When considering that goods made in China and sold in America are not an accurate representation of the "true" cost of the product and are added into US GDP, and the fact that most US spending is on products not imported from China (according to the New York Times the US spends little more than two per cent on GDP on goods from China), America's commitment to blaming China's "aggressive" export trade in its economic afflictions is overemphasized to say the least.
The penchant of blaming global imbalances on US-China relations is therefore not only overemphasized and exaggerated, but also grossly inaccurate. Stress on US-China relations, an inclination for viewing China as the 'locomotive for global growth', and even measuring a nation's economic behaviors in GDP, needs to be replaced by a greater emphasis on the problem of global under-consumption. This in turn is a product of lethargic salaries, which decrease public spending, weakening a reliance on imports and curbing global growth.
Instead of pinning the blame on individual countries, the solution to sustaining global economic stability will require a co-ordination of national policies into an international process, so that each individual country plays its own role into ironing out economic imbalances and promoting growth.


text:
Workforce business model gains traction despite economic constraints
Highlights of the year
Revenue increased by 7,1% to R3,2 billion from R3,0 billion
Operating expenses increased by 8,3% to R562,9 million from R519,8 million
HEPS decreased by 5,1% to 42,4 cents from 44,7 cents
NAV increased by 17% to 308 cents from 264 cents
Days sales outstanding improved to 50 days from 53 days
Chartall acquisition – total acquisition value of R34,8 million
31 March 2020, Johannesburg – Workforce Holdings, the human capital services company, today released results for the year ended 31 December 2019. In what CEO Ronny Katz described as "one of the most challenging operating environments in many years", EBITDA declined by 19,0% from R173,9 million to R140,9 million, mainly due to modest sales growth of 7,1%, flat gross margins in rand terms and an increase of 8,3% in operating expenses.
Katz explained that this increase was to support a significant drive from the healthcare, training and Africa clusters to increase their capacity in the areas of human capital, technology, geographical expansion and the establishment of new verticals.
"Our cluster model was implemented last year to ensure a strong base from which to generate additional income from current and new income streams in future," said Katz, adding that this strategy was working extremely well. "We took a further step forward during this reporting period with the appointment of dedicated cluster executives to further drive the holistic Workforce offering. The clusters are positioned in such a way that many are able to cross-sell services."
The group's debt:equity ratio improved to 0,45 (2018: 0,54), with a goal of maintaining a debt:equity ratio of between 0,4 and 0,7.
Katz said that Workforce continues to have to deal with a faltering economy, the ever-increasing unemployment rate, and poor investor sentiment. "Minimum wage legislation was introduced in 2019 and we actively engaged with our clients at the time to assist with any implications and opportunities arising from this. From a regulatory perspective we welcomed the introduction of the legislation, believing it will, in the longer term, improve the stability of labour in the country and provide fairer and more sustainable pay structures. However, the recent increase in the minimum wage by 3.8% undoubtedly had an impact on clients."
Katz also noted that key to Workforce's business model was the extension to 28 February 2029 of the Employment Tax Incentive ("ETI") by Government. No dividend was declared in order to conserve cash resources given the current economic circumstances.
Post the financial year-end, the group acquired Chartall Business College with funding secured through an existing facility with the group's bankers. In terms of this deal, a maximum purchase consideration of R34,8 million in cash is payable by Workforce subject to various performance conditions being achieved by Chartall Business College. The value of the net assets acquired as at 31 December 2019 equate to R6,8 million and the unaudited profit after tax attributable to these net assets was R6,9 million.
Operational structure and financial review
The staffing and outsourcing cluster had to navigate previous uncertainty relating to the deeming provision, the introduction of a minimum wage and a depressed employment market. Revenue increased by 6% to R2.6 billion (2018: R2.5 billion) albeit with a reduction in headcount but EBITDA reduced by 22% to R125,9 million (2018: R161,8 million). This was mainly due to margin pressures resulting of the minimum wage introduction and further maturity of the Employment Tax Incentive ("ETI"), which had a small effect. The end of the financial year saw an increase in headcount serviced by staffing and outsourcing, which was evidenced by significant growth in turnover during November and December.
The training cluster increased operating expenses by 32% to R109,5 million. Despite this, the cluster produced satisfactory results with an increase of 16% in revenue to R286,4 million (2018: R247,1 million) and an increase in EBITDA contribution of 5%. During the year the cluster contended with job losses in the mining sector, which was countered by quickly incorporating training arising from new B-BBEE code changes and acquiring more corporate clients.
Similarly the healthcare cluster increased its delivery capacity, with an increase in operating expenses of 13% to R52,8 million (2018: R46,7 million). It delivered robust results by increasing revenue by 11% to R274,0 million (2018: R244,0 million) and EBITDA contribution increased by 16% to R29,0 million (2018: R25,0 million). The cluster, year-on-year, placed more healthcare professionals and brand recognition and credibility drove growth in wellness services. All growth was organic and resulted from focused strategic initiatives in place.
The 4% increase in operating expenses in the financial services cluster is mainly attributable to it hosting 60 YES Programme participants in its call centre and establishing a presence outside of South Africa. In this cluster there a decline in revenue of 7% to R94,2 million (2018: R101,9 million) with EBITDA flat at R15,8 million (2018: R16,0 million). Management has spent a large part of the year increasing its capability to service the African market outside of South Africa. Whilst some revenue was generated in Africa, management is planning for an increase in activity outside of South Africa during the coming year.
Covid-19 and outlook
The Covid-19 pandemic and resultant 21-day national lockdown has created an uncertain and unpredictable environment for the entire economy. Accordingly, management is highly focused on maintaining cash flow by the reduction of overheads and strictly managing and generating working capital throughout the group.
Despite the national lockdown negatively impacting some of our clients and business activities, we also have a fair portion of clients and our own business clusters that are deemed to be essential services and we anticipate good demand in these areas going forward. Taking these factors into consideration, Workforce is confident that the group has the necessary capabilities and resources in place to cope with the current situation.
For the full SENS announcement and detailed financial results please visit www.workforce.co.za


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Guest Form
ELIME Podcast | Society + Subculture + Creators "Exploring The Human Experience"
Twas the Devil
"See, that's the difference between you and me, and why you live here and I'm just passing
through." – Bobby Cooper.
All rights owned by Mark Garvey
Set in England's dark past, Zachary (Simon Cleary), desperately hauls his wife's corpse towards her final resting place. You – the viewer – guide Zachary and make choices along his journey, as he encounters a host of deranged locals through a mind-bending landscape in a unique interactive experiment in digital storytelling.'Twas the Devil is a feature-length interactive "choose-your-own-folktale" experiment in digital storytelling with multiple endings.
Zachary is on a journey to give his wife a proper burial. Along the way he collides with many beings and spirits. All of them have the intent of leading him in another direction. This film has over 50 different outcomes. This is a one of a kind independent feature film. The time, effort, and pre production had to be in precise alignment to pull off such a great film.
The offer's tempting to Bobby who would later have his cache of loan money destroyed (in a
random event I do not want to spoil), but he's still not sure. While he waits for his car and
ponders the offer, he must also deal with the local constable, Sheriff Potter, who has his watchful
eye on Bobby, and a jealous young thug, Toby N. Tucker a.k.a. "TNT," who thinks Bobby's try
to steal Jenny, his underage girlfriend. After he fails to kill Grace and instead has sex with her,
she tells him about a large sum of money that Jake has hidden away, that could be theirs if he'll
kill her husband. Feeling pressure from the gangsters and desperately wanting to get out of this
strange town, Bobby must decide who, if anyone, he'll kill for the money to get his car and leave.
However, the stakes are much higher…
Giving credit where credit is due, director Oliver Stone is a master of creating disgusting
characters and getting the right actors to play them; such as, Tommy Lee Jones as Warden
McCluskey in Natural Born Killers. Billy Bob Thornton's role as the car mechanic, who more or
less resembles a walking oil spill, was damn annoying but funny. Frankly, I admire Bobby's
patience for not choking him to death! Speaking of Bobby, Sean Penn is adequate as the lead, a
sleazy-but-sane man stuck in a town full of lunatics, yet try as he might, Penn simply can't make
his character interesting nor likeable. The same goes for the somewhat miscast Jennifer Lopez
(the sole female in the core cast) as the femme fatale Grace, a role that asks little of her beyond
looking drop-dead gorgeous; even though she's depicted for most of her screen time as being a
bit more sinister beyond her sultry façade. Chewing up much of the Arizona scenery is the
always reliable Nick Nolte as her Grace's monstrous husband, who relishes his role with a
gravelly drawl and a morally bankrupt smirk. Rounding out the core cast is the late great Powers
Boothe as the seemingly normal town sheriff, rising star Joaquin Phoenix as the deranged local
boy, who are quite excellent, if not sorely underutilized in their all too brief supporting roles.
On the downside of things, the film at its core is an aimless and intensely gritty piece of work
that takes after the aforementioned Natural Born Killers and doesn't really claim to be about
anything in particular. Even fans of the former didn't care for this one because they felt its
aimlessness was more of an excuse for Stone to indulge in some pretty over the top filmmaking
styles (undercranking, rapid-fire cutaways, different film stocks, jarring camera angles, etc.) and
plot choices for the sake of it. From the over-the-top acting of Jon Voight spewing pseudo
philosophical dialogue in the same, horrible accent he used in Anaconda, to the endlessly
meandering storyline that can't seem to pick which plot to follow through with, this movie has a
style that relies on ripping off the visual styles of David Lynch, Quentin Tarantino and Terry
Gilliam. Oh, and making plot inconveniences overly convenient isn't that cool. Actually, it's
pretty annoying and lazy in contrast to everything else. Perhaps the book that serves as the film's
basis, Stray Dogs by novelist/screenwriter John Ridley (who aside from writing this film's
screenplay, would later go on to pen the Academy Award-winning screenplay for 12 Years A
Slave), connects the dots a bit better than its big screen counterpart that relies heavily upon
interesting character exaggerations, but chokes under the weight of Ennio Morricone's
wonderful, yet overbearing musical score and Oliver Stone's overly splashy style.
Also, on a random albeit personal aside, there was not one redeeming quality in the lead
"protagonist", nor any other character for that matter. The plot was just everything going wrong
and everyone being an asshole to even more hapless asshole. If only Bobby would've had a gun,
that would've changed the entire direction of the story.
ELIME Newsletter
Join us down the rabbit hole for our Creative series on our ELIME Podcast aimed at sharing knowledge and experience. We focus on subculture, art, Urban Detective, music, film, storytelling and more!
Interview with Callum Oakaby Wright – Energy Lives Infinite Media Enterprises
[…] https://energylivesinfinite.com/2021/11/01/movie-review-twas-the-devil/ […]


You didn't send the presentation yet! In your contributions, I see that some topics are done several times. Also I miss topics, like the advantages and disadvantages. Further I see too much copy-paste in your work. You have to improve!
The power of the rise and fall of the sea level or tidal power, can be harnessed to generate electricity.
- What does it do?
Tidal power, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.
Add a picture to help you to explain how it works. I don´t understand what you are trying to tell with ´what does it do´.
Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of the tides into electricity or other useful forms of power. The tide is created by the gravity of the sun and the moon on the earth.
CURIOSITIES: Do you know what? The largest tidal power station in the world, that is the only one in Europe is in the Rance estuary in northern France, near to St. Malo. It was built in 1966.
One inconvenient of tidal power stations is that they can only generate when the tide is in action, but to say it in other words, we can say that its work only for aproximalety 10 hours each day. We can programate all because, as we can know when the tidal is in action, we can plan to have other power stations generating at those times when the others tidal stations are not in action.
Why tidal power is so important!!!!!! Tidal energy is important because its a way to help to care the nature, also it is renewable and leaves any pollution.
Of course there are tidal stations in Spain. But only in the north, in different places of Santander.
As for example in Bonanza and Chipiona.
And also there are tidal power stations in the Netherlands as for example in Monster and Naaldwijk.
History: Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity. The history of tidal power stretches into antiquity. The earliest evidence of the use of the oceans' tides for power conversion dates back to about 900 A.D., but it is likely that there were predecessors lost in the anonymity of prehistory. Early tidal power plants utilized naturally-occurring tidal basins by building a barrage (dam) across the opening of the basin and allowing the basin to fill on the rising tide, impounding the water as the tide , and then releasing the impounded water through a waterwheel, paddlewheeel or similar energy-conversion device. The power was typically used for grinding grains into flour. Power was available for about two to three hours, usually twice a day.
Generating tidal power at sea is a new approach for the conversion of tidal energy that meets environmental and economic problems of the familiar technology "tidal barrage". Tidal lagoons use a batter reservoir structure and low hydroelectric generating equipment areas located a mile or more offshore in an area of high tidal range.
M. Jannaschii was the first person that diExample.jpgscovered tidal energy. He discovered this energy on the La Ranch, River, in France. He first discovered this energy in 1966.
Like a tidal power is?
Use your own words. This is copy--paste!!
Where are the biggest power plants found in the world?
- 2 in south Korea.
There are a few tidal energy power plants, because they are not so very commanded, but there are now getting more important in the world and slowly countries consider to place a power plant.
How a power plant looks like.
The plants look very much like underwater windmills, except they are driven by the flow of tides going up and down. This happens when the tide comes in and when the tide goes out. The turbines' energy is then brought to the people, and used.
Mention, that the flowing water turns a turbine, that turns a generator and the generator produces electricity.
- What is tidal power?
- What is the impact on the environment?
Answer on: What is tidal power?
It is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of the tides into electricity or other useful forms of power.
Answer on: Why is it important?
It is important because it is a way to preserve the future. It also doesn't pollute the nature.
Answer on: What is the impact on the environment?
Tidal power doesn't create gases because it doesn't burn anything. It is also not responsible for global warming.
Why isn´t it responsible for global warming? I think it´s very poor what you did.
Tidal energy is made by tidal energy generators. These big turbines are placed in places with many movements, they are designed to capture the movement of the of ocean tides to produce electricity. Tidal power has great for the future power because it doesn´t harm the environment and the planet consists the most of oceans.
Where can you find "plants" of this source?
Tidal power plants only work in the see because the movement of water makes the tidal move and then it produces energy. Tidal plants work the best in see´s were the water moves very much because then the tidal wil move more, and more energy is produced.
Use your own words. Use a picture to explain.
what are the impacts on the enviroment? Tidal power is a renewable source of electricity wich does not create gases because it doesn´t burn anything and this is not responsible for global warming or acid rain. use of tidal power can also go down. changing of tidal flows by damming a bay or the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream. can lead to negative impacts on shoreline ecosystems but the impact depend on the location where the tidal power takes place. It has been estimated that in the bay of bundy tidal power plants could decrease by 15cm and barrage sytems can include distruction of habitat.
Use your own words. This is copy--paste!
This page was last modified on 10 April 2015, at 12:35.


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Showing frozen links (1-10 of 1320)
Kristen Bell and Jonathan Groff Sing 'I Want to Get This Right' in Frozen 2 Deleted Scene
Submitted by PrincessFairy 1 day ago
The story behind the one 'Frozen' song you can't hear in cinemas
Submitted by PrincessFairy 8 days ago
Quiz: Is Your Fall Style More Like Anna or Elsa From Frozen 2?
Submitted by PrincessFairy 1 month ago
Anna and Elsa Debut New Frozen 2 Costumes at Epcot's Royal Sommerhus Meet & Greet
Submitted by PrincessFairy 2 months ago
Original 'Anna' and 'Elsa,' Patti Murin and Caissie Levy, Will Depart FROZEN in February
Frozen the Broadway Musical
[Frozember] Remembering the Frozen Season of ABC's 'Once Upon a Time'
Frozen - Once Upon a Time
New Looks in 'Frozen 2' for Sisters on an Adventure
[Frozember] Top 10 Most Viewed 'Frozen' YouTube Videos
'Frozen 2' Gives Anna and Elsa More Screen Time Together
Breaking the Ice: Evolving the Story of 'Frozen II'
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set(DLIB_GIT_TAG "v${ADD_PACKAGE_VERSION}")

add_git_package(${DEPENDENCY_PACKAGE_NAME} "https://github.com/davisking/dlib.git" GIT_TAG ${DLIB_GIT_TAG})

set(${DEPENDENCY_PACKAGE_NAME}_INCLUDE_DIRS "${DEPENDENCY_PACKAGE_INSTALL_DIR}/include" PARENT_SCOPE)
set(${DEPENDENCY_PACKAGE_NAME}_LIBRARIES ${DEPENDENCY_PACKAGE_INSTALL_DIR}/lib/dlib.lib PARENT_SCOPE)


text:
Decisions of the Comptroller of the Treasury, Svazek 11
Od autorů: United States. Comptroller of the Treasury
recent passage of the 'Act for the support of the Army,' the appropriation made by the act of Congress approved March 3, 1905, providing for the manufacturing, repairing, procuring, and issuing arms at the national armories, is also applicable. 3. Attention is invited to article 2 of the proposed contract, which states that the parties of the first part shall be paid royalties for all arms and clips manufactured after December 22, 1904. This date is that on which the agreement was made between myself and the attorney for Messrs. Von Lengerke & Detmold, providing for the payment of a license fee of $200,000, to be paid under the terms and conditions stated in the contract inclosed with my letter of February 17, 1905, and on which your decision of February 28 was based. It is thought that as the inclosed form of contract provides substantially for making the same payment, the date of December 22 may be considered as the date of the agreement on which the inclosed form of contract is based, but the terms and conditions of making this payment, as provided for in the within contract, were arrived at between myself and the attorney for Messrs. Von Lengerke & Detmold on March 16 instant. In case an oral agreement between myself and the attorney for Messrs. Von Lengerke & Detmold is an agreement within the meaning of that word, as found on page 5 of your decision of February 28, these dates are accordingly given, with the request that it be stated in your decision from which the royalties shall be computed.
4. As stated in my letter of February 17, Messrs. Von Lengerke & Detmold will be required to furnish a bond in the sum of $50,000 to carry out the stipulations contained in article 4 of the inclosed form of contract.
5. A decision is requested as to whether or not this Department can enter into a contract of the inclosed form."
In paragraph 3 of this communication the Chief of Ordnance invites attention to article 2 of the proposed contract, which provides for the payment of royalties for all arms and clips manufactured after December 22, 1904, and says:
"This date is that on which the agreement was made between myself and the attorney for Messrs. Von Lengerke & Detmold providing for the payment of a license fee of $200,000 to be paid under the terms and conditions stated in the contract inclosed with my letter of February 17, 1905, and on which your decision of February 28 was based.
It is understood by this statement that on December 22, 1904, a verbal agreement was entered into between the Chief of Ordnance, in behalf of the United States, and the attorney of the owners of the letters patent specified in the proposed
contract transmitted by you, by which it was agreed to pay said owners a license fee of $200,000 for the right thereafter to manufacture and use arms containing improved devices for which said letters patent were granted. It is also understood that the United States has since that date manufactured and used arms containing said improved devices. It is further stated by the Chief of Ordnance, in substance, that on March 16, 1905, another verbal agreement was entered into by the same parties which modified the terms of payment of the license fee of $200,000, and that the terms of the latter agreement are incorporated in the proposed contract.
These verbal agreements, not having been "reduced to writing and signed by the contracting parties with their names at the end thereof," as required by section 3744 of the Revised Statutes, are void. But while these specific contracts can not be enforced, the fact that they are void does not necessarily preclude a liability upon an implied contract for the reasonable value of the use of the improved devices. In ordinary cases under similar circumstances such a contract would be implied. (Clark v. United States, 95 U. S., 539.) But in a case involving a tort no contract would be implied. If the arms had been manufactured and used by the United States without the consent of the owners of the patents and without the expectation by them of compensation therefor, a contract would not be implied. Such manufacture and use would be an infringement, which is in the nature of a tort, for which suit against the United States is not authorized. (Schillinger v. United States, 155 U. S., 163; Russell v. United States, 182 U. S., 535.)
But where the Government uses patented improvements with the consent of the owner and with the expectation of reasonable compensation for their use, a contract for such compensation will arise. (United States v. Palmer, 128 U. S.. 269; United States v. Berdan Fire-Arms Co., 156 U. S., 567.)
Therefore, in the present case, if an agreement was made on December 22, 1904, to pay the owners of the patents $200,000 for the right, by the United States, to manufacture and use arms containing improvements for which the letters patent were granted, such agreement, although void, is evidence of the consent of the owners to such manufacture and use, and also of a mutual understanding that the owners were to be
compensated therefor, and I think a contract for compensation based on a quantum meruit must be implied from these facts.
I am also of opinion that the subsequent modification of the terms of payment, if not detrimental to the interests of the Government, may be applied to arms manufactured prior to the time it was made, and that, if the compensation specified is a reasonable compensation for the manufacture and use by the United States of arms containing the patented improvements, both for the period which has expired and for the period subsequent to the date when the proposed contract shall be entered into, you are authorized to enter into a contract containing the provisions specified.
PENSION MONEY RECEIVED BY INMATES OF THE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
Pension money received by an inmate of the Government Hospital for the Insane and paid to the Superintendent of the hospital under the provisions of the act of February 20, 1905, can not be applied to the support of the pensioner in said hospital for time prior to the passage of said act.
Moneys deposited in the Treasury by the Superintendent of the Government Hospital for the Insane, as agent for inmates of the institution, are not moneys paid an officer of the hospital within the meaning of the act of February 20, 1905, and are not available for use by said hospital.
(Assistant Comptroller Mitchell to the Secretary of the Interior, April 6, 1905.)
I have received your letter of the 22d ultimo, as follows:
"By the act of Congress approved February 20, 1905, entitled 'An act relating to the payment and disposition of pension money due to inmates of the Government Hospital for the Insane' (copy herewith transmitted), it is provided, among other things, that during the time any pensioner shall be an inmate of the Government Hospital for the Insane all money due or becoming due on his or her pension shall be paid by the pension agent to the superintendent of the hospital, upon a certificate by such superintendent that the pensioner is an inmate of the hospital and is living; and such pension money shall be by said superintendent disbursed and used under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior for the benefit of the pensioner, etc.
"With a view to carrying into effect the provisions of the tatute, tentative regulations are now under consideration, as copy of which is herewith inclosed. These regulations are necessarily incomplete, by reason of the fact that in the construction of the act two questions have suggested themselves which must be determined before the Department can act finally in the matter:
"First. As to whether the final sentence in this act, which in terms is as follows-this provision shall also be applicable to all unexpended pension money heretofore paid to the offcers of said hospital on account of pensioners who were, but are not now, inmates thereof,' makes the unclaimed balance standing to the account of the superintendent of the hospital, as agent, available for the general purposes of the hospital until expended. At the present time there are on deposit in the Treasury moneys aggregating approximately $50,000, which have been paid into the Treasury by the superintendent of the hospital, as agent, as moneys belonging to patients, a portion of which was doubtless pension money, and the balance was received by the inmates from other sources. No portion of such pension money so covered into the Treasury was ever paid to the superintendent officially, and there is now no means of determining from the records of the Government Hospital for the Insane how much of this fund was pension money and how much was from other sources, as the various persons to whom this money belonged have either died or left the hospital, and their whereabouts is unascertainable. It is presumed that it was the intention of Congress, under this paragraph above recited, to make these moneys on deposit in the Treasury available for uses of the institution as a permanent indefinite appropriation to be available until used; but in view of the facts stated there is some doubt as to the matter.
Second. Whether arrears of pension paid to the superintendent may be charged for the board and maintenance of the pensioner to cover a period prior to the passage of the act of February 20, 1905. A case in point may serve as an illustration of what is meant, to wit: George W. Bastin, certificate No. 1043401, late of Company K, Third United States Infantry, was first admitted to the Government Hospital for the Insane September 22, 1888, discharged June 30, 1893, and readmitted September 1, 1903. An allowance on account of a new disability in this case is now in process of settlement. The first payment will amount to nearly $2,000, the date of the commencement of pension being October 19, 1888. Under the act of February 20, supra, is the superintendent authorized to use any part of the arrears of pension to pay the pensioner's board and maintenance for the period, or any part thereof, from his admission into the hospital, September 22, 1888, to
his discharge, June 30, 1903, and since his readmission, September 1, 1903?
"In cases in which pensioners are receiving $72 per month, or more than sufficient to pay the current expenses of the hospital for board and maintenance, aggregating $20 per month, can any part of the current pension money be used to reimburse the hospital for board and maintenance of the patient, covering any period prior to the date of the passage of the act of February 20, 1905?
"Upon the points above indicated, I have the honor to request that you will favor me with an expression of your views, in order that proper regulations governing the disposition of moneys contemplated in the act of February 20, 1905, may be promulgated at the earliest practicable date."
The act of February 20, 1905 (Public-No. 85), provides:
"That the proviso in the act approved August seventh, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, appearing on page three hundred and thirty of the Twenty-second Statutes at Large, and relating to pensions of inmates of the Government Hospital for the Insane, is hereby stricken out and the following inserted:
"Provided, That in addition to the persons now entitled to admission to said hospital, any inmate of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who is now or may hereafter become insane shall, upon an order of the president of the Board of Managers of the said National Home, be admitted to said hospital and treated therein. During the time that any pensioner shall be an inmate of the Government Hospital for the Insane all money due or becoming due upon his or her pension shall be paid by the pension agent to the superintendent of the hospital, upon a certificate by such superintendent that the pensioner is an inmate of the hospital and is living, and such pension money shall be by said superintendent disbursed and used, under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior, for the benefit of the pensioner, and, in the case of a male pensioner, his wife, minor children, and dependent parents, or if a female pensioner, her minor children, if any, in the order named, and to pay his or her board and maintenance in the hospital; the remainder of such pension money, if any, to be placed to the credit of the pensioner and to be paid to the pensioner or the guardian of the pensioner in the event of his or her discharge from the hospital; or, in the event of the death of said pensioner while an inmate of said hospital, shall, if a female pensioner, be paid to her minor children, and in the case of a male pensioner be paid to his wife, if living; if no wife survives him, then to his minor children; and in case there is no wife nor minor children, then the said unexpended balance to his or her credit
28007 Vol. 11-05-39


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You are here: Home / EUGlobe / EU readies for eventual annulment of the Turkish agreement on immigrants-refugees
EU readies for eventual annulment of the Turkish agreement on immigrants-refugees
May 12, 2016 by Dennis Kefalakos Leave a Comment
The Idomeni refugee camp at the border between northern Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. More than 10,000 migrants are stranded there for many months now, after the 'Balkan Corridor' was definitively closed. Date: 15/03/2016, Location: Idomeni,Greece, © European Union, 2016 / Source: EC – Audiovisual Service / Photo: Sakis Mitrolidis.
The highly possible collapse of the EU-Turkey agreement about the management of the refugee and immigrant flows in the Aegean Sea, has rang alarms in Brussels. Alexander Winterstein, the Deputy Chief Spokesperson of the European Commission denied the existence of a plan B, in case the Turks repudiate the pact which the just dismissed Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu concluded with the EU authorities in mid March. Winterstein added that "We have an agreement with the Turkish government and we have their word on that. We have regular contacts with them".
However, only some hours later, Maja Kocijancic, the spokesperson for the European External Action Service, confirmed last Monday that the high level EU-Turkey meeting, with the participation of the Turkish ministers for Foreign Affairs and European Affairs, which was set for Friday, was cancelled. No later day was fixed for this important gathering. What is left then for the Europeans to count on, is just the 'word' of the briefly dismissed last Friday Davutoglu. No wonder why the rumors persist about the drafting of an EU plan B to regulate the refugee and immigrant flows from the Turkish shores to the Greek islands of the Aegean Sea.
Who is worried?
Unquestionably it is a fact that in Brussels and some other European capitals, a number of decision makers are quite anxious. The possibility of the resumption of last summer events with thousands of refugees and immigrants sailing every day from Turkey to the Greek islands constitutes a terrible nightmare for the Greek, the German and some other EU governments.
This newspaper reported last week what the Turkish President Erdogan, called 'the Sultan' by friends and foes, had said about the agreement with the EU. The European Sting article mentioned: "On top of briefly denouncing the entire agreement…he raised the stakes and said to the EU, in the old Turkish way, that "from now on we are going our way, you go yours"". To be reminded, Erdogan has repudiated a key Brussels prerequisite for the application of the agreement. The EU demands that Turkey should change, and actually greatly restrict the currently totally vague legal definition of 'terrorist' and 'terrorist supporter'.
Magistrates like government
The Turkish government and the magistrates regularly use this quite unclear legal definition of 'terrorist', against the political opponents of the President and the governing AK party. But how did this complexity come up? The Turkish side had managed to include as a basic condition for the application of the agreement, the visa-free travelling to Europe for Turkish citizens. But it would have been impossible for the European Parliament to pass it, while journalists and university professors in Turkey are accused as terrorists or traitors serving long imprisonment sentences for this.
Evidently, the EU-Turkey agreement is now caught in the impossibility of the two sides fulfilling those two key conditions. In view of this, Brussels sources say that the EU has a contingency plan in case Turkey finally repudiates the agreement. The same sources point out that according to the terms of the March agreement, the EU has earmarked €6 billion, which are meant to be handed over to Turkey for the cost of maintaining on her soil around 2.5 million Syrian refugees.
It's about €6bn
If Turkey denounces the agreement, this money can be used to generously support Greece, to take care of some hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees. The idea is that if Turkey backs off from the agreement, the flows of the refugees and immigrants to the Greek islands will be greatly reduced in comparison to last year, because the 'Balkan corridor' leading to north Europe is now tightly closed. No immigrants and probably very few Syrian refugees will knowingly choose to get stuck in a camp somewhere in Greece.
The Athens government has already agreed to offer shelter to at least 50,000 refugees and immigrants, against a round sum of €400 million. This presents an indication, of what the cost may be for accommodating a few hundred thousand of desperate people in Greece, and obviously is much lower than what the Turks have asked.
This is obviously a strong argument for the EU, while still negotiating with the Turks, about the application or not of the agreement Davutoglu has concluded with Brussels.
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Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 was a scheduled commercial flight from Tehran, Iran, to Yerevan, Armenia, that crashed near the village of Jannatabad, outside the city of Qazvin in north-western Iran, on 15 July 2009. All 153 passengers and 15 crew on board died.

The crash was the fourth deadliest aviation incident in Iran behind Iran Air Flight 655 (1988), the Iran Ilyushin Il-76 crash (2003), and Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 (2020). It was also the second-deadliest aviation incident in 2009 behind Air France Flight 447.

The subsequent crash investigation found that the incident had been caused by fatigue failure and consequent disintegration of a rotor disc in the left hand engine (engine #1). In addition to the failure of that engine, fragments of the disc severed two of the three hydraulic control systems, and damaged fuel lines for the centre engine (engine #2). Fuel leaking from these damaged lines ignited, causing a large fire which then destroyed components that controlled the elevators and rudder, resulting in the pilots losing control of the aircraft.

Aircraft and crew

The aircraft was a Tupolev Tu-154M built in 1987 and operated by Iran's Caspian Airlines, according to a spokesman for Iran's aviation agency.

The crashed aircraft was registration EP-CPG, an aircraft which entered service on 20 April 1987 as YA-TAR for Bakhtar Afghan Airlines and was sold to Ariana Afghan Airlines in 1988. YA-TAR served with Ariana Afghan until sold to Caspian Airlines on 15 March 1998, 11 years after it was built. It was re-registered as EP-CPG in 1999.

The aircraft was checked for safety in June 2009 and was given flight licence until 2010. This was also stated by an Armenian aviation official, saying that the plane had gone through technical control in Mineralnye Vody Airport in southern Russia in June.

The flight crew consisted of captain Ali Asghar Shir Akbari, first officer Javad Masoumi Hesari, navigator Mahdi Firouse Souheil, and flight engineer Nima Salehie Rezve.

Accident

The aircraft crashed at 11:33 Iran Daylight Time (07:03 UTC), 16 minutes after takeoff from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport. According to authorities, the aircraft's tail suddenly caught on fire. The pilot circled, trying to find a safe spot to land, but without success. The aircraft was destroyed after it crashed into a field, carving a crater up to  deep. An eyewitness who claims to have been within  of the crash-site described the event as if "the plane just fell out of the sky". Three hours after the crash, fires over a  area still remained. A witness told Fars News Agency:

The aircraft's cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder were found on 16 July. However, one of the "black boxes" was reported by Chief Investigator Ahmad Majidi to be damaged. Both flight recorders were successfully accessed, however, and contributed data to the accident investigation.

Passengers

Nationalities
It is reported that 38 (including two crew members) of the 168 passengers were Iranian nationals. 40 passengers were citizens of Armenia. There were also two Georgians on board, two Canadians, and two dual-national Iranian Australians. There were also two dual national Iranian-Americans.

Aftermath

Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has expressed his sympathy for the deceased and their families.
Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan signed a decree on 15 July 2009 declaring the following day a Day of Mourning in Armenia.

Investigation

Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan announced on 15 July that a governmental commission had been set up to investigate the crash. It would be headed by Vice Prime Minister Armen Gevorgyan.

Iranian officials blamed the crash on technical reasons. It was claimed that the main reason of the accident was an engine failure and destruction due to a bird strike, which resulted in a fire which led to a loss of control and crash of the airplane.

On 23 December 2014 a chronology of events was published: During the climb to the altitude of  the crew sent a message about a fire in the number one engine. The climb was stopped at . The airplane, three minutes before the crash, made a turn of 270 degrees then started to descend rapidly with a high vertical speed of about  per second. 16 minutes after takeoff, the Tu-154M, at high speed, collided with the ground in a field near the village of Jannatabad, approximately  from the Khomeini airport. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact. At the scene of the disaster a crater formed whose depth was approximately . The Commission found that it was the destruction of the low pressure compressor in the number one engine that scattered debris and damaged the fuselage and fuel lines causing the spread of a fast fire.

A final accident report was likely released by the Iranian authorities in 2011, although it did not come to wider attention until it was partially translated into English in 2019. The report found that the accident had been caused by fatigue failure of the first stage rotor of the low pressure compressor in engine No. 1, that resulted in the rotor disc disintegrating. Fragments from the rotor disc destroyed engine No. 1, severed the No. 1 and No. 3 hydraulic systems, and partially severed the fuel lines to engine No. 2. Hot components and hydraulic fluid ignited fuel spilling from the damaged fuel lines, and rapidly caused a large fire in the tail section of the plane. This fire, in turn, destroyed rods that actuated the rear control surfaces (elevators and rudder) resulting in the pilots losing control of the aircraft.

Prior to the accident the aircraft manufacturer, Tupolev, had released a service bulletin requiring more stringent testing of low pressure compressor components. However, this was only provided in Russian to Russian operators. Six days after the crash of EP-CPG, Tupolev released equivalent service bulletins to all operators.

See also

Aeroflot Flight 3519
Baikal Airlines Flight 130

References

External links
 "Meeting Notes Moscow IAC July 6, 2010." (Archive) Iran Civil Aviation Organization.
Interstate Aviation Committee
 "Ту-154М EP-CPG 15.07.2009 ." (Alternate) (Archive)  – the Russian version is the work of record
"Ту-154М EP-CPG 15.07.2009."
 Full List of Victims (Archive)
 Tehran–Yerevan Flight 7908 Flight Crew & Passengers List – Caspian Airlines (Archive)
 Aircraft Database of EP-CPG Airframes.org
 Fatal Accident: Final List of Passengers On Board Flight CPN-7908, 15 July 2009 – General Department of Civil Aviation – Armenia (Archive)

Aviation accidents and incidents in 2009
2009 in Iran
Aviation accidents and incidents in Iran
Accidents and incidents by airline of Iran
Accidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-154
Caspian Airlines accidents and incidents
Qazvin Province
July 2009 events in Asia
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure
Airliner accidents and incidents involving uncontained engine failure

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Shon the Piper er en amerikansk stumfilm fra 1913 af Otis Turner.

Medvirkende
 Robert Z. Leonard som Shon
 Margarita Fischer
 Joseph Singleton
 Joseph Fischer
 John Burton

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 1913


text:
the bruising of qilwa
More Tachyon inclusion on best of the year lists including Naseem Jamnia's THE BRUISING OF QILWA, Peter Watts' THE FREEZE-FRAME REVOLUTION, Brandon Sanderson's THE EMPEROR'S SOUL, Marjorie Liu's THE TANGLEROOT PALACE, and Joe R. Lansdale's BORN FOR TROUBLE
Rick Klaw blog best of 2022, born for trouble, brandon sanderson, entropy isn't what it use to be, fantasy cafe, Joe R. Lansdale, marjorie liu, Naseem Jamnia, Peter Watts, the bruising of qilwa, the emperor's soul, the freeze frame revolution, the tangleroot palace, there's always room for one more, v1717, Wet Broken Things
As coverage of 2022 winds down, several Tachyon books managed to make their way onto best reads lists. Naseem Jamnia's debut novella THE BRUISING OF QILWA continues to rack up best of the year acknowledgements with inclusion in Top Ten Tuesday: 2022 favourites on There's Always Room for One More. v1717 rates Peter Watt's THE FREEZE-FRAME REVOLUTION as the best read of the year. Brandon Sanderson's Hugo-awarding novella THE EMPEROR'S SOUL was listed as part of Top five – 2022 by Wet Broken Things. In the Favorite Books Published Before 2022 category, Fantasy Cafe ranks Marjorie Liu's THE TANGLEROOT PALACE among the favorite books of 2022. The Italian site Entropy Isn't What it Use to Be cites Joe R. Lansdle's BORN FOR TROUBLE: THE FURTHER ADVENTURES OF HAP AND LEONARD among the year's best.
Naseem Jamnia's novella is a delight, from its lean, flowing prose to its distinctly Middle Eastern world-building and its private, prickly protagonist. I loved the way family – blood and found – was front and centre.
There's Always Room for One More
Cover art by Alexander Nanitchkov
This was so fucking good. That's really all that can be said, it was just so good. Unlike Echopraxia and Blindsight, this was far more accessible, while also being solidly "hard" sci-fi. I loved the concept of the story, I loved the execution, I loved the characters, I loved the action/horror/thriller moments wrapped up within a short 190 pages. I even love how both the cover and the title perfectly summarize the plot of the book. Can't recommend it enough.
This is a fantasy book that does what only fantasy can do. It is an extraordinary idea about a beautiful piece of magic, the art of forgery, or altering an object's past so it can become something different. THE EMPEROR'S SOUL is about a captured woman whose life depends on completing an impossible task: to turn her art to people, and forge a new soul for the Emperor. In this tense thriller filled with exquisite magic, Sanderson makes us think about the nature of art, the nature of our humanity and the importance of cultural curiosity. This is a story that will never leave you.
Wet Broken Things
Design by John Coulthart
Technically, I read much of THE TANGLEROOT PALACE in 2021, but it still stands out as a highlight when looking over books I completed in 2022—it is one of the best short story collections I've read, after all! These seven tales—six short stories plus one novella—are all quite different from one another since they encompass a variety of subgenres, settings, tones, and styles, but they also have some common threads and seem like they are in conversation with each other in some ways. Marjorie Liu's introduction says they share "a longing for home, friendship, love—characters often driven by a weary hope in the possibility of something good." Although I did prefer some stories to others, I appreciated and enjoyed them all and didn't think there were any that were far better or worse than the rest. I especially loved how Marjorie Liu parceled out details, as I often was unsure about what was going on at first but there was enough of a hook that I wanted to find out—and everything tied together wonderfully in the end.
Fantasy Cafe
Hap and Leonard are in my heart and couldn't be missing just like Elly Griffiths couldn't be missing.
Entropy Isn't What it Use to Be
A pleasant surprise, Naseem Jamnia's triumph THE BRUISING OF QILWA delivers some of the most memorable voices ever
Rick Klaw blog ambling along the aqueduct, carrie chi lough, cheryl morgan, grimdark magazine, jo walton, Naseem Jamnia, review, the bruising of qilwa
Samuel R. Delany Fellowship recipient Naseem Jamnia's debut novella THE BRUISING OF QILWA collects even more praise with Jo Ladzinski at Jo Writes Fantasy including the novella among their favorite reads of the year. For Ambling Along the Aqueduct, Cheryl Morgan finds the novella a pleasant surprise. Carrie Chi Lough in Grimdark Magazine feels much the same.
The most compact fantasy novella I've ever read
Truly a triumph of worldbuildng
Jo Writes Fantasy
One of the most pleasant surprises of the year has been THE BRUISING OF QILWA. This novella from Naseem Jamnia is not much about gender, though it does have a non-binary protagonist. It is a medical mystery set in a fantasy world that manages to approach the medical and magical sides of the story with the rigor of hard science fiction.
Ambling Along the Aqueduct
THE BRUISING OF QILWA contains some of the most memorable voices I've read in fantasy. Having an assistant healer as the protagonist unfolds a different kind of fantasy story. In many ways, THE BRUISING OF QILWA is more slice of life than epic. A good majority of the story is Firuz's day to day life in Qilwa. They are treating patients and disposing of deceased bodies. They are guardian to their brother and a young refugee they adopted. As they uncover secrets regarding this disease, they also are adapting to their new homeland and protecting their family. These small moments of Firuz's daily struggles are where Jamnia's writing shines brightest.
Grimdark Magazine
Happy birthday to the wondrous Elizabeth Story
Rick Klaw birthday, blog 51, birthday, elizabeth story, neom, the bruising of qilwa, the extractionist, the unbalancing
Photo by Jacob Weisman
The aptly named Elizabeth Story, Tachyon's lead designer, is that rare and fantastic unicorn who combines artistic, technical, and verbal skills.
She came to Tachyon in 2009 as an editorial intern, having graduated with honors from the Creative Writing department at UC Santa Cruz. Her prior experience included creating motivational posters, newsletters, and comic strips for a children's tutoring center; editing a campus literary magazine; and assisting in a perfumery.
2022 covers by Elizabeth Story
Once Story dashed off some impromptu promotional materials in Photoshop, it became clear that she was destined to work as Tachyon as an artist instead of an editor. Since that time, Story has designed many of Tachyon's most creative book covers and interiors, press kits, holiday cards, and catalogs. Story, also, generates the content for Tachyon's Instagram.
Self Caricature
Even after earning her M.F.A., Story still sleeps very little while remaining wittier than most people you know. It is said that she locked her first novel, which may or may not have been illustrated, in a drawer because it tried to bite her.
Tachyon wishes the incredible Elizabeth a very happy birthday, and hopes that she doesn't get cheated out of holiday presents just because she was born on the wrong day.
Delightful and eloquent, Naseem Jamnia's debut novella THE BRUISING OF QILWA is one of the best books of the year
Rick Klaw blog best of 2022, coode street podcast, dark matter zine, goodreads, interview, isaiah roby, lev grossman, library journal, mi book reviews, nalini hayes, Naseem Jamnia, reviews, roots. wounds. words, the bruising of qilwa
As the year winds down, Samuel R. Delany Fellowship recipient Naseem Jamnia's debut novella THE BRUISING OF QILWA continues to collect accolades. Library Journal includes the book among their Best SF/Fantasy of 2022. At Goodreads without comment, Lev Grossman includes the works among Top Fantasy Authors Recommend Books for You. Isaiah Roby for Mi Book Reviews was pleasantly surprised. In Dark Matter Zine, Nalini Haynes enjoyed it, too. Jamnia is interviewed on the Coode Street Podcast. They are part of the faculty for the 2023 Roots. Wounds. Words Winter Writers' Retreat.
This medical fantasy mystery, set amid a tense refugee crisis, features a nonbinary protagonist in a Persian-inspired world. When Firuz's search for a cure to a terrible disease leads to a healer gone rogue, they must wrestle with their mentor, their conscience, and questions of whether good ends can justify evil means. The delicately interwoven complexity of the story, along with the loving portrait of Firuz and their found family, make this fantasy puzzler a delight.
The characters were complex. The story and the emotions were complex. The way the book ended was perfection. It was messy. It was heartbreaking. It was exactly what I wanted and needed. I didn't want a hero to ride in. I didn't want some unredeemable villain. I wanted human, I wanted messy, I wanted real. No one is all good or all evil, despite what so much fantasy shows. Instead everyone has motivations that can make justifiable actions out of horrifying ideas. The ending really sealed how much I loved this book. It was truly the only ending that would do this story justice.
It reminded me of Becky Chambers, Charlie Jane Anders, R.B. Lemberg, and add a little bit of The Doomsday Book in for good measure. It was clearly written exactly for me.
Mi Book Reviews
THE BRUISING OF QILWA is a short eloquent foray into international politics and gender issues entirely focused on the central characters. These characters are engaging and sympathetic. I highly recommend this novella for all readers and especially for high school literature classes and book clubs for meaty challenging discussion.
Dark Matter Zine
Depending on where you are in the world the weather is either turning chilly or it's becoming warm and sunny, but either way, it's not long till the end of our Advent Calendar. Today Gary talks to Naseem Jamnia about what they've been reading, what they'd recommend, and their exciting new novella, THE BRUISING OF QILWA.
Coode Street Podcast
Emotionally powerful with superbly handled prose, R. B. Lemberg's THE UNBALANCING is wholly wonderful
Rick Klaw blog ada hoffman, adri joy, deborah j ross, llama reads books, my favorite bit, mysterious galaxy, Naseem Jamnia, nerds of a feather flock together, r. b. lemberg, stephen case, strange horizons, the bruising of qilwa, the unbalancing, youtube
The abundant praise continues for the recently released THE UNBALANCING by R. B. Lemberg with reviews from Deborah J. Ross, Adri Joy at Nerds of a Feather, Flock Together, Llama Reads Books, and in a dual feature that includes Naseem Jamnia's THE BRUISING OF QILWA, Stephen Case at Strange Horizons. They contributed a new essay for Mary Robinette Kowal's My Favorite Bit. And Mysterious Galaxy shares the virtual event between with Lemberg and Ada Hoffman.
As with Lemberg's previous novella, THE FOUR PROFOUND WEAVES, THE UNBALANCING is a tale of emotional power and superbly handled prose that often approaches poetry in its nuance and poise. Highly recommended, with the suggestion that it be read slowly and savored.
Deborah J. Ross
I'd like to see more about the inhabitants of Gelle-Gau and their corner of the Birdverse someday, and if this is a new series to you, then THE UNBALANCING is a fine place to start.
Nerds of a Feather, Flock Together
Overall, if you took the myth of Atlantis and made it queer and, well, wholly wonderful, you'd get this book. One final note: the author dedicated this book to Corey who is sadly no longer with us, but I could feel echoes of them everywhere in the book, their thoughtfulness, their insight, their kindness and gentle grace when someone made a mistake. And truly, I can't think of a better recommendation than that. Highly recommended!
Llama Reads Books
Both THE BRUISING OF QILWA and THE UNBALANCING are powerful in giving voice to marginalized or dispossessed characters without being flat, formulaic, or overly discursive. In THE BRUISING OF QILWA, the affirming, accepting healer who welcomes refugees becomes someone willing to take horrific steps to protect his city, and the protagonist is forced to face the moral ambiguity of Kofi's decisions. In THE UNBALANCING, one protaginist begins at the center of her society's power structure, but her desire for the novel's other lead opens her up to understanding a positive self-abnegation in relationships—even at the cost of her home. It's a compelling contrast: one a view of damaged idealism from a place of little social capital, the other of a character at the center of her society's hierarchy finding a new sensitivity and humility. Most importantly, both novels deal with the respective costs.
My new Birdverse novel THE UNBALANCING is full of my favorite bits. I wrote this novel as an act of defiance and catharsis after a sudden passing of a close friend in 2020, and I clung for dear life to the many things that brought me joy – quince (my favorite fruit), queer communities, semi-obscure Jewish references, geeking out over magical geometry, multiple neurodivergent and a-spec characters. For My Favorite Bit, it was hard to choose what to talk about – is it poetry featuring doom and gloom? Is it listening to trees? Is it the Hebrew words hiding in plain sight? But I chose, in the end, to write about a person – my very best and grumpiest ancestral ghost, Semberí.
My Favorite Bit
Tachyon tidbits featuring Naseem Jamnia, Marjorie Liu, Stanley G. Weinbaum, and Jacob Weisman & David Sandner
Rick Klaw blog alan brown, andrew wheeler, Caren Gussoff Sumption, David Sandner, hellhounds, jacob weisman, kimberly unger, Locus, marjorie liu, Naseem Jamnia, sam j miller, stanley g weinbaum, the antick musings of g.b.h. hornswoggler, the black flame, the bruising of qilwa, the extractionist, the tangleroot palace, tor.com, Veronika Groke
Naseem Jamnia
Photo by Jeramie Lu
Stanley G. Weinbaum
David Sander and Jacob Weisman
Photo by James Patrick Kelly
In their Reading Round-up, There's Always Room for One More has complimentary things to say about THE BRUISING OF QILWA by Naseem Jamnia.
THE BRUISING OF QILWA was one of the best reading experiences of my entire life, thanks to an annotated proof courtesy of author Naseem Jamnia (hands-down the best giveaway ever). There's so much world-building and character packed into this novella, it was amazing to explore it with the author sitting at my side (figuratively speaking).
Veronika Groke on their eponymous site praises Marjorie Liu's THE TANGLEROOT PALACE.
Along with her remarkable versatility as a writer, it is above all this ability to make her readers question the seemingly obvious that sets Liu's stories apart from others of the same kind. Liu doesn't do twist endings as much as stories that are twisted all the way through, like the branches in the eponymous Tangleroot Forest. Yet while Liu's characters may occasionally get lost in the woods, her storylines never do. Charming and menacing to equal degrees, they confidently invite her readers to follow along and embrace the darkness within.
For Tor.com, Alan Brown enjoys Stanley G. Weinbaum's THE BLACK FLAME.
THE BLACK FLAME was a rare tale for its time. Despite being set in the far future, at its heart it is a love story, a tale of a man torn between two women: Evanie, a young woman from a small town, and the beautiful, talented, and immortal Margaret of Urbs, the sister of the Master who rules mankind. But the book is also full of interesting speculation regarding a post-apocalyptic future, the impact of immortality, and more than a little action and adventure.
Cover by Michael Dashow
Andrew Wheeler on his The Antick Musings of G.B.H. Hornswoggler, Gent. writes about David Sander and Jacob Weisman's sequel to Mingus Fingers, Hellhounds.
These books sound deeply weird in the best ways; I again insist that I will find time to read them.
Cover by Tom Canty
With exquisite and original THE BRUISING OF QILWA, Naseem Jamnia delivers a rewarding read set in a world you'll want to re-visit time and time again
Rick Klaw blog alex brown, gary k wolfe, Locus, Naseem Jamnia, r. b. lemberg, review, stephen case, strange horizons, the bruising of qilwa, the middle shelf, the unbalancing
Samuel R. Delany Fellowship recipient Naseem Jamnia's singular debut novella THE BRUISING OF QILWA wows in reviews from Gary K. Wolfe and Alex Brown, both in Locus, The Middle Shelf, and in a dual feature that includes R. B. Lemberg's THE UNBALANCING, Stephen Case at Strange Horizons.
Like many of the best novellas we've been seeing these last few years, THE BRUISING OF QILWA is something of a Tardis tale, considerably bigger on the inside than it first appears, and it's a rewarding addition to that growing body of fantastic fiction addressing themes of colonialism, bigotry, gender, and cultural identity. The world of the book is one we'd like to know more about, and Jamnia is a writer worth paying attention to.
Gary K. Wolfe
Despite its short length, the world building in THE BRUISING OF QILWA is exquisite and original. Jamnia doesn't give a lot of detail about the world or its political and cultural histories, yet the story feels vast.
THE BRUISING OF QILWA is an introduction to a world I'll happily visit again in a new story.
The Middle Shelf
In the novel's setting, Jamnia creates a rich landscape of overlapping ethnicities and languages, laying a foundation for a world-building which proceeds very much out of Iranian culture. This richness informs the book's vocabulary. Dialogue and description are filled with references to and many other Farsi terms. Gender identity and pronouns are part of this landscape as well. Many characters mentioned in passing have non-binary pronouns—ey, eir, zhe, hos, hu, as well as pronouns used exclusively for a deity. These are used casually and without explication, making them a seamless part of the cultural background. Jamnia's prose makes their world feel more like a—to this reader previously unknown—corner of the real world, with occasional magical details to remind that it is indeed fantasy.


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text:
Q: "Strict" homotopy theory of topological stacks/orbifolds If we fix a finite group $G$, there are two different useful homotopy theories on the set of $G$-equivariant topological spaces (which are CW complexes, say). One, the "weak" homotopy theory, is given by inverting all maps of spaces $X\to X'$ which are homotopy equivalences, and it produces a homotopy category equivalent to the category of spaces fibered over $BG$ (taking each equivariant space $X$ to $(X\times EG)/G$). The second is given by inverting all maps which are invertible up to equivariant homotopy, and it gives a new homotopy theory, namely the "strict" $G$-equivariant homotopy theory which is the unstable version of equivariant homotopy theory.
Now in algebraic geometry (as well as in the theory of smooth manifolds), given a finite group $G$ acting on a space $X$, there is a notion of orbifold (more generally, stack) $X/G$ which is an object with equivariant homotopy-theoretic flavor (in that it keeps track of stabilizers), except that the category of orbifolds allows the group $G$ to vary (and involves some glueing).
The topological space underlying any algebraic orbifold $X$ (so long as it is connected and suitably pointed) has a unique universal cover $\tilde{X}$, which is a simply connected space with no orbifold structure, and the "fundamental group" $\pi_1(X)$ acts on $\tilde{X},$ in a way that makes it reasonable to write $$X = \tilde{X}/G.$$
With this in mind, let's define a (pointed, connected) topological orbifold to be a pair $(\tilde{X}, G)$ written as $X = \tilde{X}/G$ with $G$ a discrete group acting on a (nice, e.g. CW) simply connected topological space $X$ with closed orbits and finite stabilizers. A map of orbifolds is a map of pairs $(\tilde{X}, G)\to (\tilde{X}', G')$ intertwining the actions in an evident way. Now there are once again two natural notions of homotopy equivalence.

*

*("weak" homotopy theory) A map $\tilde{X}/G\to \tilde{X}'/G'$ is a homotopy equivalence either if $X' = \tilde{X}/H$ with $H\subset G$ a normal subgroup acting freely on $X$, and the map $G\to G'$ is surjective with kernel $H$, or if the map $G\to G'$ is an isomorphism and $\tilde{X}\to \tilde{X}'$ is a homotopy equivalence.

*("strict" homotopy theory) A map $\tilde{X}/G\to \tilde{X}'/G'$ is a homotopy equivalence either if $X' = X/H$ with $H\subset G$ a normal subgroup acting freely on $X$ and $G\to G'$ is a surjection with kernel $H$, or if the map $G\to G'$ is an isomorphism and the map $\tilde{X}\to \tilde{X}'$ is a homotopy equivalence in the strict  $G$-equivariant category.

The first notion of homotopy equivalence is treated in answers to this question. Here once again one can replace $\tilde{X}/G$ by the space $(\tilde{X}\times EG)/G$, and as far as I can tell, the homotopy category will boil down to something equivalent to the homotopy theory of topological spaces. I'm curious about the second notion of homotopy equivalence of topological orbifolds. Namely, is it a reasonable thing to study? Does it have model category structure? Is there a more general point of view (not involving universal covers) that allows dealing with more general stacks?

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