When I hear the word genius, my thoughts turn towards divine gifts bestowed only upon a lucky few; That it was written in the stars for geniuses and us regular folk just weren't destined for such great feats.
But with modern science, we now know better. We know that even geniuses in their fields like Mozart and O'Keefe were not divine appointees. Their extraordinary accomplishments were the outcome of intense focus, training, and the mentorship of key individuals focused on their success. Studies and books like Outliers: The Story of Success, show that the best predictors of success are actually not what we might initially think. It's not about what school you went to or your IQ, both of which are actually quite a bad predictor of success. What they found is that rigorous and focused practice is the most influential factor. Although, as with most things, it's not quite that simple. I think very few of the people we think of as brilliant or successful have made it without someone dedicated to helping them get there.
So, consider a story out where a young girl shows an interest and talent in math. Along her path, this girl would ideally meet a woman who has turned her talent in math to a successful career--say, an engineer. This woman would serve as mirror into the future--showing the young girl a clear vision of how her talent can blossom into a full career. It wouldn't be about pigeonholing the girl but showing her one of many possible paths. Throughout their relationship, this mentor would show the girl the variety of options out there, provide continued feedback, open up doors, and challenge her to grow.
"those career women who not only have zero interest in fostering the careers of other women who follow, but may actively attempt to cut them off at the pass. Queen Bees exist largely as a result of a still-patriarchal work culture in which comparatively few women rise to the top. And though not mentoring is quite different from actively undermining, both may operate from the same position of fear. And neither benefits the cause of workplace equality."
This is why Mentor Effects and many other organizations have started to bring mentorship into the lives of women. Mentor Effects is a new organization focused on women mentoring women in any field. I'm on the board and cannot wait to usher in a new generation of geniuses, continue my own journey into mentorship, to show that women by no means have to be cutthroat Queen Bees in order to succeed, and to explore the special capacities of women for working together and helping one another. You don't have to look hard to find that behind every scientific discovery, breathtaking song, literary masterpiece, and brilliant mind is a mentor. So whether you're winding down your career or just starting, what are you waiting for? Get into the mentor game! Your mentee might one day have you to thank for helping her achieve her greatest accomplishments.


Ian Roa's research explores human – animal relationships in ancient Maya civilization using faunal assemblages from highly charged ritual contexts. To do so, he will draw on contemporary social zooarchaeological perspectives and on approaches revealing animal osteobiographies using isotope analysis. He seeks to understand how animals conceptualized in Maya worldview embodied a medium between nature and supernatural entities and, moreover, how their acquisition and ceremonial use among religious practitioners sought to deal with ecological fluctuations and political crisis through ritual.


This past weekend was off to a great start. I got to sleep in a little bit before heading out to indulge a rare treat of an outdoor long course workout. While it had stormed through the night, the morning was crisp and brimming with potential. After throwing down a solid 4500m, the boys and I headed out for a nice, yet humid, little run through NoDa and my old 'hood, Plaza-Midwood. It was a fun little jog down memory lane (except for the blistering fast pace set by The Boss). A late breakfast, a little R&R, an aerobic ride, and a short dinner with the girls . . . done-zo for the day-o.
Never one to shy away from adventure, I committed to heading over to the Wilksboro area to ride the infamous Brushy Mountain route Sunday morning with Chuck Norris and The Champ. I was feeling a little intimidated to ride with these guys as I know from personal experience they are both strong climbers and really tend to push the hills. I figured the two guys would just feed off each other and leave me behind like chum in the water. Unfortunately for me this was the least of my worries. About 90 minutes into the ride I blew up. We were on our second climb and I was struggling to breathe. My heart rate skyrocketed and I felt like I was hyperventilating. The combination of clouds, cooler temperatures, and high humidity beguiled me to believing I did not need to eat or drink anything. Yet when I hit the top of Lithia Springs I was drenched and had a nice steady stream of sweat rolling off my nose as I bent over my bike trying to catch my breath. Thinking I had just overcooked it, I continued on with the ride feeling quite helpless as my mind and body slowly and painfully deteriorated. On the last big climb of the day I found my legs barely capable of pushing my pedals. I contemplated getting off my bike and sitting on the side of the road until someone took pity on me but since I was so busy throwing a pity party for myself I ended up lumbering my way up to the top without additional assistance. When I finally caught sight of the guys my mind was almost in full blown tantrum mode. Chuck Norris tried to memorialize the meltdown via video. Luckily a few words in the right tone put an end to those shenanigans. I silently finished the ride stifling expletives and whimpers as my adductors and quads continued to cramp. I was frustrated and disappointed in myself for not being smarter and fueling appropriately but mainly for letting it get to me. The celebration for reaching our final destination was short and sweet but only when I watched Chuck Norris head out for a post ride run did I realize 1) this stuff isn't easy 2) I should be thankful I get to do it 3) I am constantly surrounded by the amazing athletes/friends. And with that I rang my air cowbell as loud as possible for Chuck Norris as he came in FTW.
Monday morning I woke up to a new day. Thoughts of yesterday's (almost) complete meltdown were (almost) long gone. I packed my swim and lunch bags as if on autopilot and lumbered out the door with my coffee in hand. As usual I was late walking on deck and I was easily the last one to start warm up. Thanks to the cramps running up and down my thighs my legs were not feeling too jacked. Warm up ended too early (said the girl 15 minutes late) and the first warm up sprint set felt like a slap in the face. Finishing the last sprint 50, I am fairly sure I saw a little gleam in Johnny Tango's eye as he cheerfully wished us a happy July 1st and announced we would be doing a 1000 for time. I would be lying if I claimed I was not downright giddy. The other girl in my lane, a distance swimmer from Brown, made the executive to not do a broken 1K, as some of the other lanes were doing, much to the dismay of the sprinter from UNCW. It was clear Ashley and I were in our element as we both very quickly settled into a groove. The poor guy in our lane didn't have a chance as we averaged 1:06s per 100. The last 150 didn't feel so hot but I finished the 1K satisfied and content with my effort. Unfortunately that feeling was fleeting as we were told to begin an 800 IM for time on "the top." I waited patiently for Johnny Tango to instruct us on how we were to break it up but as I feared it was supposed to be an 800 IM straight. I didn't have time to reflect on it as "the top" came fast and unyielding to my concerns. Surprisingly the 200 fly felt pretty smooth so my insecurities shifted from the butterfly to the breaststroke. Breaststroke has always been my nemesis. Luckily Ashley and I are equally poor at breaststroking and while neither of us drowned Cody did manage to catch up a little bit. Finishing the 800 IM once again quite pleased with myself, I was ready to kick back into a long drawn out cool down set. Nope. 200 free for time. Awesome.
Just goes to show you everyday is a new day. Don't commit to yesterday. And don't forget to HTFU.


ROKA, the Official Swim Sponsor of the British Triathlon Federation and partner to athletes including ITU World Champion, Vicky Holland and long-distance star, Lucy Charles, is now available to buy with UK distribution.
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ROKA Sports Inc., the Austin, TX based performance multisport company, has announced the launch of its own direct to consumer e-commerce site and direct fulfilment in Europe. From its distribution centre in the UK, ROKA will now be able to quickly ship products directly to consumers throughout Europe. Additionally, athletes throughout the UK and EU can take advantage of free and fast returns, with prepaid return labels provided in every box.
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Der Bürgerkrieg in Osttimor 1975 war ein Konflikt zwischen der konservativen União Democrática Timorense UDT und der linksgerichteten FRETILIN. Die damalige Kolonie Portugiesisch-Timor wurde zu diesem Zeitpunkt auf die Unabhängigkeit vorbereitet. Da sich in Probewahlen eine Regierung unter der FRETILIN abzeichnete, versuchte die UDT am 11. August den bewaffneten Putsch. Aus den daraus folgenden dreiwöchigen Kämpfen ging die FRETILIN als Sieger vor. 1500 bis 3000 Menschen kamen nach Schätzungen der Empfangs-, Wahrheits- und Versöhnungskommission von Osttimor (CAVR) durch den Konflikt ums Leben. Die Kommission registrierte außerdem 787 Todesfälle außerhalb von Gefechten infolge des Bürgerkrieges. Die meiste Gewalt gab es in den Distrikten Liquiçá, Ermera, Ainaro, Manufahi und Manatuto.

Hintergrund
Nach der Nelkenrevolution in Portugal 1974 sollten das Kolonialreich aufgelöst und die Länder in die Unabhängigkeit entlassen werden. In Portugiesisch-Timor hatten sich als große Parteien die UDT und die FRETILIN entwickelt, die zunächst gemeinsam mit der portugiesischen Kolonialverwaltung zusammenarbeiteten. Daneben gab es kleine Parteien, wie die von Indonesien finanzierte und von dessen Konsulat in Dili unterstützte APODETI, die den Anschluss an das Nachbarland propagierte, aber nur geringen Rückhalt in der Bevölkerung hatte. Im Frühjahr 1975 konnte die FRETILIN sich auf eine Mehrheit der Bevölkerung in ganz Osttimor stützen. Am 13. März 1975 wurden im Rahmen des Dekolonisationsprogramms Wahlen im Distrikt Lautém durchgeführt. Ziel war es, die traditionellen Herrschersysteme zu ersetzen. Bei diesem Pilotprojekt für Lokalwahlen gab es keine Parteilisten oder -kandidaten. Die Wähler warfen einfach Kieselsteine in Körbe der Kandidaten, um ihre Stimme abzugeben. FRETILIN-nahe Kandidaten konnten sich hier klar gegen UDT-Kandidaten durchsetzen.

Während die anderen portugiesischen Kolonien nach und nach in die Unabhängigkeit entlassen wurden, verzögerte sich die Umsetzung in Osttimor. Zwischenzeitlich intrigierte der indonesische Militärgeheimdienst Bakin unter General Ali Murtopo mit der Operation Komodo (, nach dem Komodowaran) und schürte den Konflikt zwischen den verschiedenen politischen Lagern. Indonesische Offiziere besuchten dazu Portugiesisch-Timor. Im April 1975 traf eine Delegation unter Führung von Oberst Sugianto und Oberst Suharto Pitut in Dili den portugiesischen Gouverneur Mário Lemos Pires und Vertreter der Parteien FRETILIN, UDT und APODETI. Im selben Monat lud General Ali Murtopo UDT- und FRETILIN-Gesandte nach Jakarta. Direkt nach Rückkehr der Parteivertreter nach Timor traf sich die Zentralkommission der UDT und beschloss das Ende der Koalition mit der FRETILIN. Im Mai lud der indonesische Geheimdienst erneut UDT-Mitglieder zu Gesprächen ein und machte deutlich, dass Indonesien niemals eine unabhängige Regierung unter Beteiligung der als kommunistisch verschrienen FRETILIN akzeptieren würde. Die vermeintliche "kommunistische Bedrohung" in der Zeit des Kalten Krieges und kurz nach dem Vietnamkrieg diente jenen UDT-Führern als Begründung, die Koalition mit der FRETILIN am 27. Mai 1975 zu verlassen. Am 6. Juni besetzten indonesische Truppen, getarnt als UDT-Kämpfer, die Enklave Oe-Cusse Ambeno. Die ausbleibende Reaktion Portugals bestätigte die indonesische Einschätzung, dass von der Kolonialmacht keine Interventionen mehr zu befürchten seien.

Am 25. Juli trafen die UDT-Führer Domingos de Oliveira und João Viegas Carrascalão erneut Vertreter des Bakin. Hier erklärte General Murtopo den Osttimoresen, dass die FRETILIN für den 15. August die gewaltsame Machtergreifung plane und wenn nicht Maßnahmen ergriffen würden, die FRETILIN aus dem Weg zu räumen, würde Indonesien in Osttimor einmarschieren. Würde die UDT aber in ihrem "Hinterhof" aufräumen, würde Indonesien Osttimors Recht auf Selbstbestimmung anerkennen. Angesichts dieser Drohung und der zu erwartenden Niederlage bei freien Wahlen entschied man sich in der UDT zum Putsch (Operaçao Sakonar). Zwar warnte El Tari, der indonesische Gouverneur in Kupang Carrascalão auf seinem Rückweg von Jakarta, dass die Annexion Osttimors bereits beschlossene Sache sei, jedoch wollte man Indonesien jeden Vorwand für einen Einmarsch nehmen. Das damalige Mitglied des Zentralkomitees der FRETILIN und spätere Premierminister Osttimors Marí Alkatiri erklärte im Rückblick auf die Ereignisse:

Verlauf
Am 11. August holten sich UDT-Mitglieder Waffen von der Polizei und erklärten die Machtübernahme. Sie besetzten den See- und den Flughafen, den staatlichen Rundfunksender, Rádio Marconi, das Telefonamt, das zentrale Kraftwerk und das Wasserreservoir. Nur die Funkstation der Marine blieb in der Hand der Kolonialregierung. Dann übergab man der portugiesischen Verwaltung eine Forderungsliste. Die UDT betonte, der Einsatz diene nur dem Entfernen von extremistischen Elementen, um ein Eingreifen Indonesiens zu verhindern. Von Dili aus dehnten sich die bewaffnetem Aktionen auf die ganze Kolonie aus. 80 Mitglieder der FRETILIN wurden von der UDT in ihrem Hauptquartier in der Rua de Palapaço gefangen gehalten, unter ihnen Xanana Gusmão, der spätere erste Präsident Osttimors nach der indonesischen Besatzung. Ein weiteres Dutzend FRETILIN-Anhänger wurde ermordet, wie etwa José Lobato, der jüngere Bruder von Nicolau Lobato. Insgesamt mehrere hundert politische Gegner hielt die UDT in der gesamten Kolonie gefangen. Viele Gefangene kamen unter nicht geklärten Umständen ums Leben. Die UDT hatte zunächst weniger als 200 Mann zur Verfügung, doch Gouverneur Pires unternahm nichts, obwohl ihm mehr als 1700 Soldaten zur Verfügung standen.

Am 13. August bildete die UDT mit Sympathisanten aus der portugiesischen Kolonialarmee die Bewegung zur Einheit und Unabhängigkeit von Timor-Dili (). Sie plante die Auflösung aller pro-Unabhängigkeitsparteien und Integration ihrer Mitglieder in die MUITD. In den ersten Tagen nach dem Putsch konnte die UDT den Polizeichef Rui Alberto Maggiolo Gouveia und verschiedene Einheiten des Militärs, wie die Kompanien in Baucau und Lospalos für sich gewinnen. UDT-Präsident Lopes da Cruz wurde von den UDT-Führern João Viegas Carrascalão und Domingos de Oliveira verhaftet, da man ihn der Zusammenarbeit mit Indonesien verdächtigte. Später bestätigte sich der Verdacht.

Am 16. August rief die UDT zur Vertreibung aller Kommunisten aus dem Territorium auf, auch "jener im Büro des portugiesischen Gouverneurs". Sie forderte die Aufhebung des Dekrets 7/75, mit der der Zeitplan für die Entlassung Portugiesisch-Timors in die Unabhängigkeit bis 1978 festgelegt wurde und die Wiederaufnahme von Verhandlungen über die Unabhängigkeit der Kolonie. Am 17. August wurden Major Mota, Chef des Büros für politische Angelegenheiten, und Major Jónatas nach Lissabon zurückgeschickt. Die beiden Vertreter der Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA) wurden beschuldigt, der kommunistische Flügel in der Kolonialregierung zu sein.

Die FRETILIN zog sich zunächst in ihre Hochburg in Aileu zurück, südlich von Dili. Hier befand sich auch das Trainingszentrums der Armee (Centro de Instrução). Der Partei gelang es in wenigen Tagen, die Mehrheit der vom Putsch geschockten Bevölkerung zu mobilisieren. Die meisten Timoresen, die Dienst in der portugiesischen Armee verrichteten, desertierten und schlossen sich der am 20. August gegründeten Forças Armadas de Libertação Nacional de Timor-Leste FALINTIL () an, dem militärischen Arm der FRETILIN. Die UDT erhielt Zulauf aus der Polizei und nur wenigen Armeeeinheiten. Schließlich standen etwa 1.500 UDT-Anhänger 2.000 Kämpfern der FRETILIN gegenüber. Beide Parteien hatten sich mit Waffen aus Militärbeständen ausgerüstet. So setzte die FRETILIN auch 81-mm-Mörser ein.

Am 20. August besetzten FALINTIL-Kämpfer das portugiesische Militärhauptquartier in Taibesi und nahmen die portugiesischen Soldaten gefangen, darunter auch der stellvertretende Oberbefehlshaber der Truppen auf Timor. In Dili kam es zu Straßenkämpfen zwischen UDT und FRETILIN. Allerdings waren die Fronten sehr verworren. Während in Same APODETI und UDT gegen die FRETILIN kämpften, waren FRETILIN und UDT in Atsabe Verbündete gegen die APODETI und in Dili FRETILIN und APODETI gegen die UDT. Am 27. August übernahm die FRETILIN die Kontrolle über Dili. Die UDT zog sich zunächst zum Flughafen und Anfang September nach Westen durch Liquiçá in Richtung Indonesien zurück. Bis Mitte September beherrschte die FRETILIN den Großteil der Kolonie. Pires hatte in der Nacht vom 26. zum 27. August die letzten portugiesischen Verwaltungs- und Militärangehörigen auf die Dili vorgelagerte Insel Atauro evakuiert.  Grund dafür war ein Telegramm aus Lissabon, das vor der Gefahr einer Geiselnahme warnte und zur Flucht auf die sichere Insel riet. Mehr als 1700 Zivilisten wurden im August mit Schiffen nach Darwin gebracht. Von hier aus versuchte Pires erfolglos, zwischen den Konfliktparteien zu vermitteln. Von der FRETILIN wurde er gedrängt, zurückzukehren und die Entkolonialisierung voranzutreiben, aber er bestand darauf, auf Anweisungen aus Lissabon zu warten. Er wollte auf diese Weise einen Guerillakrieg gegen die portugiesische Regierung in Osttimor vermeiden. Allerdings erreichte Pires erst Anfang Oktober Unterstützung aus dem Mutterland in Form der Korvette Afonso Cerqueira. UN-Generalsekretär Kurt Waldheim rief erfolglos die Konfliktparteien zum Waffenstillstand auf.

Bis zum Ende der Kämpfe flohen 10.000 bis 20.000 Osttimoresen in das indonesische Westtimor, vor allem Anhänger der UDT, der APODETI und der monarchistischen Partei KOTA, die die UDT im Bürgerkrieg unterstützt hatte. Die offizielle indonesische Zahl von 40.000 wird allgemein als zu hoch eingeschätzt. Geflohene Osttimoresen schätzten sie auf 10.000 bis 30.000. In Baucau kaperten am 4. September UDT-Anhänger ein australisches Flugzeug und zwangen die Piloten insgesamt 44 Flüchtlinge nach Australien zu bringen. In Westtimor wurden die Flüchtlinge von der Annexionspolitik Indonesiens eingespannt. Untersuchungen ergaben, dass einige Zivilisten auch von der UDT gezwungen wurden, nach Westtimor zu "fliehen", um dort von der indonesischen Armee rekrutiert zu werden. Allein aus Ermera sollen dies 1000 Personen gewesen sein. Zwischen 1500 und 3000 Menschen starben. Westliche Journalisten, australische und japanische Politiker und Vertreter des Internationalen Roten Kreuzes, die das Land besuchten, bestätigten den Vertretern der FRETILIN, dass sie von September bis Anfang Dezember sich ernsthaft um die sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Probleme bemühten, um die Verwaltung des Territoriums am Laufen zu halten.

FRETILIN und UDT mussten später eingestehen, dass beide während des Bürgerkriegs Menschenrechtsverletzungen begangen hatten. Ein Großteil der Morde geht auf das Konto der FRETILIN, aber auch UDT-Anhänger mordeten. So wurden zum Beispiel gefangene Gegner ermordet. In Aileu und Same wurden Anfang 1976 die Massengräber von UDT- und APODETI-Mitgliedern gefunden. Am 27. August 1975 töteten Kämpfer der UDT elf Unterstützer der FRETILIN am Strand von Meti Oan bei Wedauberek (Manufahi). Die FRETILIN-Anhänger waren am 11. August gefangen genommen worden, einige gehörten der FRETILIN-Jugendorganisation UNETIM an. Als man erfuhr, dass Kämpfer der FRETILIN anrückten, brachte man die Gefangenen von Same an die Küste und brachte sie dort um. Ein Opfer des Massakers von Wedauberek war Domingos Lobato, ein weiterer Bruder von Nicolau Lobato und Präsident der UNETIM. Am 1. September starben etwa 30 Menschen durch UDT-Kämpfer beim Massaker von Klaek Reman und Aifu. Die Morde hatten meist weniger politische Hintergründe. Eher nutzte man den Konflikt, alte Rechnungen zu begleichen. Laut späterer Interviews der Parteiführer gab es nie eine gezielte Politik der Ermordung der Gegner. Die Gewalt ging in erster Linie von den Kadern aus. Die Parteien ließen die Verbrechen aber ohne Kritik geschehen. José Ramos-Horta, ein FRETILIN-Führer, der sich für Verhandlungen während des Bürgerkriegs im Ausland befand, versuchte nach seiner Rückkehr erfolglos, die extremen Kräfte der Partei mit dem Sieg im Rücken zu einem erneuten Bündnis mit der unterlegenen UDT zu bewegen. Außerdem versuchte er, die Misshandlungen der UDT-Gefangenen zu unterbinden, und sorgte für die Repatriierung portugiesischer Soldaten, die von der FRETILIN festgehalten worden waren. Zudem sorgte er für die geregelte Ausreise timoresischer Kinder nach Australien, die von ihren Eltern getrennt worden waren.

Während des Bürgerkrieges versuchte Indonesien, Portugal zur Übergabe der Kolonie oder zumindest zur Genehmigung für eine Entsendung der indonesischen Armee zu bewegen. Zwar weigerte sich Portugal, doch die Gespräche und damit verbundene Hoffnung auf eine friedliche Einigung hinderten die schwächelnde Kolonialmacht, direkt gegen die indonesische Infiltration vorzugehen. Weiteres Konfliktpotential lieferte die indonesische Gefangennahme von 23 portugiesischen Offizieren und drei Zivilisten. Die indonesische Armee hatte ihnen im August den Grenzübertritt genehmigt, sie dann aber in Camps interniert. Portugal verweigerte ohne Freilassung der Geiseln jedes Entgegenkommen. Während die Zivilisten relativ bald freikamen, blieben die Militärangehörigen bis nach der Verkündung der offiziellen Annexion Osttimors durch Indonesien am 17. Juli 1976 in Gefangenschaft.

Folgen
Nach der Niederlage der UDT begann Indonesien, mit Soldaten, die als UDT-Kämpfer getarnt waren, in die Grenzgebiete Osttimors einzudringen und sie zu besetzen. Fünf westliche Journalisten, die in Balibo Zeuge der Invasion wurden (die sogenannten Balibo Five), wurden von indonesischen Soldaten ermordet. In Hoffnung auf internationale Unterstützung rief die FRETILIN am 28. November einseitig die Unabhängigkeit aus. Indonesien reagierte mit der Meldung, die Führer von UDT, APODETI, KOTA und der Arbeiterpartei hätten am 30. November 1975 die sogenannte Balibo-Deklaration unterzeichnet, in der zum Anschluss Osttimors an Indonesien aufgerufen würde. Die Deklaration, eine Ausarbeitung des indonesischen Geheimdienstes, wurde allerdings auf Bali und nicht in Balibo, wohl auf Druck der indonesischen Regierung, unterzeichnet. Die Unterzeichner waren mehr oder weniger Gefangene Indonesiens. Xanana Gusmão nannte das Papier die "Balibohong Declaration", ein Wortspiel mit dem indonesischen Wort für "Lüge".

Am 7. Dezember begann Indonesien mit der Operation Seroja die offene Invasion und die Besetzung des Landes. Auf dem Rückzug aus Dili kam es zu Massenhinrichtungen von Gefangenen aus dem Bürgerkrieg durch die FRETILIN. Zwar gab es keine offizielle Order der FRETILIN-Führung zur Tötung der Gefangenen, doch war es Konsens, dass sie die Beweglichkeit der FRETILIN behinderten, frei aber eine Bedrohung für den Widerstand gegen Indonesien darstellten. 1976 erklärte man die Eingliederung Osttimors in Indonesien. Durch die Besetzung und den Kämpfen mit der FALINTIL kamen bis zum Abzug Indonesiens 1999 geschätzte 183.000 von insgesamt 800.000 Einwohnern Osttimors ums Leben.

Der UDT-Führer João Viegas Carrascalão übernahm 2003 bei seiner Zeugenaussage vor der Empfangs-, Wahrheits- und Versöhnungskommission von Osttimor die volle Verantwortung für den Putsch und die Folgen.

Siehe auch
 Geschichte Osttimors
 Ende der portugiesischen Herrschaft auf Timor

Einzelnachweise

Osttimor 1975
Konflikt 1975
Geschichte Portugiesisch-Timors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


39-year-old Founder of mobile payments startup Paytm, Vijay Shekhar Sharma, is the youngest Indian on the Forbes 2018 Billionaires List. Sharma ranked 1,394 globally with an estimated net worth of $1.7 billion. Further, 92-year-old Chairman Emeritus of pharmaceutical company Alkem Laboratories, Samprada Singh, is the oldest billionaire in India with a net worth of $1.2 billion.


Welcome to the walking programme of the Leeds Group of The Ramblers – your local branch of what used to be known as The Ramblers Association.
Our aim is to promote walking in the countryside by encouraging use of our footpath network paths that continue to exist to a large extent due to campaigning by The Ramblers.
The walks are suitable for most reasonably fit competent adults. You are welcome to join us on our walks. Simply turn up at the time and place and you will be most welcome. We hope you will enjoy the experience enough to regularly walk with us and become a fully paid up member of The Ramblers.
Most of our walks are on a Saturday afternoon and there is usually a refreshment stop halfway round, so bring a flask and sandwiches if you wish. They often finish with a little socialising in the nearest pub.


Save tax-free with 22seven. On demise of the Holder, CIBC will pay the quantity of the Plan, much less any applicable taxes and any CIBC fees (the "Plan Proceeds") to the Property Representative and not in accordance with any designation of successor holder or other beneficiary unless, such designation of successor holder or different beneficiary, is effective in the Holder's jurisdiction as of the date of loss of life of the Holder such that a TFSA or proceeds of a TFSA can cross outside of the Holder's estate, Paragraphs 10 and 11 of this Agreement are subject to this provision.
Firstly, tax can either be deducted periodically (annually) or at the end of an investment term (as soon as-off). We offer quite a lot of funding options, including: term deposits and our High Interest Savings Account—one hundred% guaranteed. With a daily savings account, you have to pay tax on the interest you earn. Canadians age 18 or older in 2009, who have not but contributed, have $fifty two,000 of contribution room in 2017.
You comply with the CIBC Tax Free Financial savings Account Agreement and privacy disclosures below. Cash goes into and out of your TFSA with none taxation. Earnings inside both TFSAs and RRSPs are tax sheltered, which implies you'll attain your savings goals sooner. TFSA contributions aren't tax-deductible, however you don't pay tax on any cash you take out (not like RRSP withdrawals, which are taxed).
The accounts are flexible, and allow you to earn tax-free funding earnings.
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Dicho: caballo matado siempre se pandea. A horse with a sore back will always flinch. What do you think this means? It is supposed to mean that people are sensitive to the mention of their defects, but would you have guessed that if you didn't know? Here's a good example of where translation is not enough. Sayings can be SO hard.


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Stelling recovers to win again at TransCape
February 7, 2017 February 7, 2017 southcapenetFeatured
Despite riding with a broken rib, defending men's solo champion Billy Stelling won his second stage in a row on the third day of the TransCape mountain bike race between Van Wyksdorp and Riversdal in the Western Cape today.
Billy Stelling leads the Spar team of Catherine Williamson (centre) and Hannele Steyn during the 81km third stage of the TransCape mountain bike race that took riders from Van Wyksdorp to Riversdal. The seven-day, 690km event between Knysna and Franschhoek finishes on Saturday. Photo: Jacques Marais
After the lengthy 135km queen stage yesterday, it was a slightly shorter challenge as the field continued their seven-day, 690km journey from Knysna to Franschhoek.
Travis Walker (right) and Pieter Seyffert, of Ellsworth-ASG, en route to winning the 81km third stage of the TransCape mountain bike race between Van Wyksdorp and Riversdal. The seven-day, 690km event between Knysna and Franschhoek finishes on Saturday. Photo: Jacques Marais
The 47-year-old Stelling, who is from Sea Point in Cape Town, completed the 81km in 3:09:12 to move into second overall on an aggregate time of 13:08:34.
Belgian Karl Dossche held on to his overall lead after finishing second on the day in 3:19:38 (12:59:16).
Third went to Willem Tollig in 3:19:53, but Alan Tilling's ride of 3:26:02 (13:18:42) keeps him in third overall.
Stelling injured his rib last Monday in an incident while moving house and said he almost did not make it to the start line.
"However, I decided I would ride and have been taking a cocktail of tablets to manage the pain," he said.
"On the first day I just rode with a couple of mates and took it easy, but yesterday, because of the longer stage, I got into a faster group.
"Even though I have not set myself a goal, today I wanted to race a bit harder as well."
Stelling said he would not put any pressure on himself and would just take it day by day to see how it all panned out.
"The rib was a bit sore initially, but I have managed to alleviate the pain somewhat and it's not feeling as bad as on the opening stage."
Stelling described the TransCape as a "brilliant journey".
"It is one of the top three races in my book. The atmosphere is great, the accommodation is fantastic and the food is brilliant.
"I ride mountain bike races for the soulful experience and the vibe on this one is up there with the best."
Overnight leaders in the men's team category, Pieter Seyffert and Travis Walker, raced to their third consecutive stage victory in 2:54:56 (11:45:06) to consolidate their position at the top of the standings.
Belgians Eddy Feliers and Kristof de Neys, who represent Cicero Baik, held on to second overall with their ride of 3:16:25 (12:39:50).
Third on the day went to Bromance's David and William Wertheim Aymes in 3:19:52 (12:47:47), the same position they occupy in the overall situation.
Ellsworth-ASG's Seyffert said the race was proving an excellent examination of his new partnership with the 25-year-old Walker from Hilton in KwaZulu-Natal.
"The first two days were a big test for us because we have different styles of riding," said the 30-year-old from Helderkruin on the West Rand.
"I don't start the climbs as quickly as he does. He has speed while I try to keep it constant and then go harder over the top.
"So he has now seen what my riding style is and I've experienced his," said Seyffert.
"They say you race like you train, so this is a very good opportunity to see how we gel and it is the best way to get to know each other."
Women's pair Catherine Williamson and Hannele Steyn, who have opted to compete in the mixed category, won the stage in 3:09:13 ahead of Ian and Jane Seggie in 3:48:21 and Matthias and Denise Kubli in 4:07:13.
Williamson and Steyn, who race for Spar, now lead the overall standings on 12:32:37, followed by the Seggies on 15:13:21 and the Kublis on 15:47:26.
In the women's solo category, Alma Colyn continued to extend her lead at the top of the standings when she crossed the line first in 3:19:55 (13:00:59).
Second and third went to Mandy Langebrink in 3:44:23 (14:50:03) and Chandre Wertheim Aymes in 4:02:00 (17:13:41) respectively.
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Book Review: Cold Earth

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Project Fear • Blog • Featured
A new Tory Project Fear
Written by	Briefings For Brexit
Mr Philip Hammond on Tuesday stated in the House of Commons that a "No Deal" Brexit could cost the country £90 billion. Mr Jeremy Hunt — supposedly prepared to preside over a "No Deal" if necessary — nevertheless warned that it could do economic damage equivalent to the 2008 Financial Crash.
Both these forecasts are at the most extreme end of alarmism, even if they are worded ambiguously ("a disruptive No Deal"; "if we get this wrong"). They are not justified by any serious analysis. Given the positions presently held by these two men, they are utterly irresponsible.
At least Mr Hammond is consistent: he has always opposed Brexit, and done his best to make it impossible, frightening and (by holding back necessary preparations) damaging. What on earth can Mr Hunt be doing? Looking for excuses to go back on his ambiguous promises?
1 The Chancellor stated that "the Government's analysis suggests that in a disruptive no-deal exit there will be a hit to the Exchequer of about £90 billion."
This seems still to be relying on old Treasury forecasts made to influence the 2016 Referendum, and which he is again presenting in the most tendentious and alarming way. These forecasts were made using methods and inputs that can only have been chosen to produce the desired result: to try to show that Brexit was a disaster.
They have been so thoroughly discredited that even the Treasury has given them up.
Among the authoritative independent economists who have rubbished these forecasts are former Bank of England governor Lord King ("a scare story"); the Nobel laureate and Remain-sympathiser Paul Krugman ("sloppy thinking is always a vice, no matter what cause it's used for"), and the former assistant director of the International Monetary Fund's European Department, Professor Ashoka Mody ("their projected costs of exit have no basis in economic theory or empirical findings").
Moreover, the Treasury have blankly refused to discuss their methods and results with academic economists.
This is shameless propaganda, once again being wheeled out for blatantly political purposes.
2 Mr Hunt's comparison of No Deal with the 2008 Crash is seemingly based on Bank of England forecasts: he said that the Bank's "predictions are that it wouldn't be quite [as bad as the financial crisis], but that it could be very serious if we get this wrong", leading to an increase in the national debt of £90 billion (that suspiciously magic number again!) The Bank of England's forecasts have a record of inaccuracy just as bad as those of the Treasury. No serious economic analysis suggests that a 'No Deal' could be anything like 2008. Paul Krugman said that the Bank had "gone pretty far out on a limb here" … "I don't understand how you can get that kind of cost without making some big ad hoc assumptions".
3 What is the real likely effect of a WTO Brexit?
Of course, this depends to a great extent on what British and EU governments do. It is now clear that thorough preparations have been made on all sides to minimize or eliminate disruption. Normal business and travel will carry on. Arrangements have been made to transmit goods without hindrance. Trade agreements with many of our most important global customers have already been agreed or are close to agreement.
On the other hand, what the Treasury and Bank forecasts resolutely refuse to contemplate are the major short and long-term gains that a WTO exit offers.
Big price reductions in food and consumer goods such as clothing and footwear: EU tariffs and other trade barriers raise clothing prices by up to 8%, and food prices by around 5%. Essentially, the EU currently works to impoverish UK households by forcing them to buy expensive goods from within the EU
The ability to reorient our future trade towards the most dynamic areas of growth, e.g. Asia, South America and Africa. The EU's own analysis suggests a network of such deals could add 2% to UK GDP in the long term.
After Brexit, the UK can reduce trade barriers with the rest of the world and reorganise its regulatory system, dropping many of the costly EU regulations that hold back UK businesses (these costs are estimated by the EU itself at as much as 4-6% of GDP) and adopting best practice systems in line with those of more dynamic economies.
No longer paying £10bn a year to the EU in membership fees – which are equivalent to a tariff of 6% on our exports to the EU
Taking full control of fishing grounds – worth up to £3bn a year in the medium term
Having a tailored, skills-based immigration policy without EU preferences, which could cut the benefit bill by £1.6bn per year
This would constitute in total a major spending boost: tariff cuts alone could boost consumer incomes by £15 billion – around £800 per family per year
Taking all these benefits into account, the result of a well managed WTO exit would be not a major economic loss, but potentially a huge economic gain of up to £80 billion a year.
For further information on these points, see:
On preparations already made by the EU for a WTO exit;
On preparations already made by the UK for a WTO exit;
A summary of the benefits of removing trade barriers for consumers;
The EU assessment of potential gains to British trade: External sources of growth (Commission Staff Working Document) posted in the Report section of the website.
EU's own estimates the of the cost of its regulations;
A demonstration that British trade will shift outside the EU – an advantage in itself given the EU's alarming financial instability;
An overall view of the benefits of Brexit
Europe cannot escape nationalism
Six ways we can be sure Boris is serious
George Orwell and the language of Brexit
This flawed deal is a tolerable price to pay for our...
The Government's new proposals meet the EU's...
News from the Front: The Big Push is On


Thanks to the hard work of redistricting reformers all over the state, voters approved a historic state constitutional amendment that will institute strong protections against the congressional partisan gerrymandering. Voters were clear that we all deserve fair districts and fair elections. Issue 1 won by 74.85%!
The Fair Districts = Fair Elections Coalition seeks to reform the way Ohio's Congressional Districts are drawn with the goal of prohibiting, or at least reducing, partisan gerrymandering.
This site is paid for by the League of Women Voters of Ohio, 100 E. Broad St., Suite # 1310, Columbus, Ohio 43215. To contact the League, please call 614-469-1505.


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To contact Sussex Police please visit www.sussex.police.uk
Taking road safety seriously in Sussex
Road safety experts in Sussex have pledged their commitment to making the county's roads safer after the first Road Safety Summit was held in Chichester yesterday (November 27).
There were 1,003 people killed or seriously injured on the county's roads in 2018.
Residents from around the county were able to question Sussex Police and Crime Commissioner Katy Bourne about how the Force and partner agencies planned to reduce the numbers and tackle other issues around dangerous driving.
Mrs Bourne commented:
"We talk about a fear of crime, but there's also a fear around road safety, particularly for the elderly and more vulnerable.
"We are putting more money into the roads policing unit, so I want to make sure we're spending it in the right areas.
"Today allowed me to hear the concerns of the public which will help me set the roads policing priorities for next year.
"We want to stop people drinking and taking drugs then getting behind the wheel and we don't want them using their mobile phones or being distracted whilst driving.
"We certainly don't want them speeding and we want to make sure they're wearing their seatbelts.
"Those are the fatal four killers and I know, from today and other conversation with residents, that they want to see more enforcement and preventative education in these areas.
"Their concerns were heard by all members of the panel and will be acted upon."
The meeting, at the Chichester Park Hotel, covered everything from the 'fatal four' - drink/drug driving, driving while distracted, driving without wearing a seatbelt and speeding - to issues around routes in rural villages and provisions for cyclists, pedestrians and equestrians.
There was also a chance to learn more about the volunteer Community Speedwatch schemes that have been set up to patrol speeding drivers. In Sussex, there are 263 schemes ran by over 1,500 volunteers. In 2018 they sent out 36,193 warning letters to speeding drivers and only 10% have been caught speeding again.
District Commander for Chichester and Arun District, Jon Carter, revealed that 50,990 people were prosecuted due to speeding offences in the county in 2018 with over 20,000 attending speed awareness courses.
Officers also arrested 1,292 on drink-drive offences, 568 on drug-driving offences, 797 for not wearing a seatbelt and 473 for using their mobile phone while driving in 2018.
The force is shortly due to launch Operation Dragonfly, its annual Christmas campaign aimed at tackling drink and drug-driving during the festive season.
Mr Carter commented:
"I'm particularly aware of some of the more remote communities where we will be focusing extra attention around drink driving. It's a significant threat to road safety.
"The nights are darker earlier, there's a risk of ice on the roads.
"My message is simple: treat the roads with respect and treat your fellow road users with respect."
The overriding theme from the event was partnership working. The Sussex Safer Roads Partnership brings together teams from Sussex Police, East and West Sussex County Councils, East and West Sussex Fire and Rescue Services, Brighton and Hove City Council and Highways England.
Neil Honnor, Operations Manager of the partnership, has pledged to act on the recommendations made in the meeting.
"Sussex is a really safe place to live, work and visit. But understandably people have concerns.
"One of the demographic things about Sussex are the villages and more remote, beautiful places.
"But people forget that main roads snake between and through these areas. This creates traffic, noise pollution and a enticement for those who wish to use our roads irresponsibly.
"You don't always need to see the police to be aware that they are active and enforcing the law.
"There's a lot going on out there that the community may not always see and hopefully we have made some assurances around that today.
"With Mrs Bourne putting extra investment into Sussex Police we will, however, see improvements to visibility which will offer that welcome deterrent and public confidence boost.
"Education is also crucial. We work a lot, as a partnership, with all road users to help keep them safe. Our campaigns have always proved successful but maybe this work could be amplified and that is another take-away from today."
Keep up to date with our latest news and information
Sussex Police & Crime Commissioner, Sackville House, Brooks Close, Lewes, East Sussex, BN7 2FZ
© 2020 Sussex Police & Crime Commissioner


MacLellans voluntarily protect 135 acres in Columbiana County.
One time was enough for Bruce MacLellan.
When the retired Ohio Bell Telephone Co. employee and his wife, Debbi, sold a 7-acre tract in Bruce's Trumbull County hometown of Liberty, they did so with the understanding that just a few single-family homes would be built on the property. Instead, he says, a developer carved up the land and rolled out plans for a higher-density subdivision.
It was a lesson for the MacLellans, who had moved to rural Columbiana County.
"I did not want anything like that to happen down here," Bruce MacLellan says.
So the MacLellans did something extraordinary. They voluntarily placed a conservation easement on their 135-acre property near Lisbon, permanently protecting its beautiful upland forests, hemlock gorges and nearly two miles of high-quality streams that feed into Little Beaver Creek, a State Wild and Scenic River – and they did so without seeking any tax or financial relief.
This was the Land Conservancy's first project in Columbiana County and its first partnership with the Little Beaver Creek Land Foundation. The Land Conservancy and LBCLF co-hold the conservation easement, which is an agreement in which a property owner permanently protects his or her land by prohibiting or limiting future development.
Today, the MacLellans enjoy walking the heavily wooded land with dogs May, Coal and Tugs. Bruce likes to plant daffodils in just about every nook of the property ("When you cut them, it's like putting sunshine on your counter," he says), while Debbi, who grew up in Columbiana County, enjoys gardening, quilting and crafting. Both are at home around farm equipment.


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(Lanka e News - 05.March.2019, 10.30PM) The Government's fifth Budget presented in Parliament by Finance Minister Mangala Samaraweera today. Here are some of the most important budget proposals in his speech.
* 'Gamperaliya' will focus on the infrastructure needs and bridge the gaps of facilities that are needed. We have allocated Rs. 48,000 million and already began work. This is the first cabinet paper that we brought when the cabinet was reconvened.
* Moragahakanda multipurpose project will be finalised by 2020. For the Yala Maha seasons Rs. 12,000 million has been allocated for the construction of waterways in Wayamba, Maha Ela Minipe construction.
* Fish imports to Europe increased by 14%. We will construct two new harbours at Pesalai and Mandaitivu and have allocated Rs. 113,000 million.
* Free glass of milk for primary school children across the country.
* Even though we have developed with new roads and expressways but there are 1 million people with no sanitary facilities in the country. More than 100,000 in Hambantota district have no sanitary facilities. There are 25,000 houses with no washrooms in Monaragala. When this end we will promise that there will be no house without a washroom we will allocate Rs. 4 billion towards this. Every main bus stations and railway stations will have washrooms for men, women and the disabled. I invite the private sectors to maintain this.
* Home Sweet Home loan scheme for newly married couples. The loans have a repayment period of 25 years and they have a 6% interest rate.
* 1,000 art graduates will be trained through internships and Rs. 25,000 will be paid by the government, Rs. 300 million has been allocated for this.
* Students who have excelled in studies will be given internships to top-notch universities, we will begin by offering 14 students on internships this year and we hope to send 28 students. The only requirement is that students return to home when their studies are complete and work for at least 10 years.
* There are 300,000 A/L students, but only 30,000 enter local universities and some students don't have sufficient funds for higher education. Therefore we will introduce the My Future loan scheme. We have allocated Rs. 200 million. Fourteen (14) students at A/L to receive full scholarships to Harvard, MIT, Oxford, Cambridge etc. Next year increase to 28. Will be bonded for 10 years upon return.
* Prepaid card and GPS centered bus system will be established in the future. A central digital platform for bus services will be established. 250 buses will also be added to the SLTB. We will bring in buses that are accessible to differently abled persons and we have allocated Rs. 1,500 million for this. Light Railway transit system will begin construction this year and we have allocated Rs. 5,000 million for the project.
* NBT will be established for the tobacco products, thereby the price of a cigarettes will increase by Rs. 5 as of June.
Some Important Section details as follows:
Rs. 152 billion has been allocated for agriculture (Rs. 87 billion) and irrigation (Rs. 65 billion) – this includes expenditure on fisheries and livestocks sectors under agriculture.
The key priorities in agriculture are improvements of access to markets and value chains, shifting towards higher value crops, reducing post harvest losses and improving storage, supporting investments in climate resistance, and enhancing access to finance to support technological investments.
In agriculture the government recognizes the value of connecting small farmers into larger value chains to ensure a market for higher value agri products. Rs. 250 million has been allocated in the budget proposals to support small farmers to obtain the technology and know-how to shift to higher value crops whilst connecting these farmers with larger companies who will buy the end products for export or domestic markets.
Poor storage and wastage results in significant loss of agricultural productivity and erodes farmer incomes. The government will invest in the hard infrastructure to set up climate controlled warehouses, which the private sector will be invited to manage and operate. Pure private investment in such operations is also encouraged by removing upfront costs of such investments.
Overall, Rs. 1.7 billion has been allocated for agriculture sector modernization programmes which will result in improved technology, connectivity to markets, and agricultural infrastructure.
Given the increased risks associated with climate change and natural disasters, the government is allocating Rs. 1.5 billion for farmer insurance.
Enterprise Sri Lanka loan schemes are extended to the agriculture, livestock, and fisheries sector including the Ran Aswenna loan and the Govi Navodya loan schemes.
Rs. 1.3 billion is allocated for development and rehabilitation of fisheries harbours. Two new harbours will be established at Point Pedro and Pesalai and a new anchorage will be established in Mandathivu.
The government will bear 50% of the investment cost of installing better fish storage facilities on board multi-day vessels through RSW and CSW chilling systems, and also for equipment used for vessel monitoring, and safety systems. Rs. 300 million is allocated.
Investments in irrigation include the moragahakanda-Kalu ganga project (Rs. 12 billion), Uma Oya diversion project (Rs. 7.3 billion), Yan Oya Project (Rs. 4.5 billion).
Several other programmes are funded to address priority areas such as irrigation for climate resistance (Rs. 7.3 billion), minor irrigation systems (Rs. 2.9 billion), and the overall water resources development investment programme (Rs. 9.7 billion)
Education & Skills Development
Rs. 344 billion has been allocated in the appropriation bill for education and higher education.
The 13 years of education programme is a key ongoing project of the government which will expand education opportunities across a range of skill sets. The government is cognizant of the need to invest heavily in education quality to ensure desired outcomes. Envisaged education reforms will help nurture the analytical and creative skills required to thrive in the modern economy.
Rs. 6 billion has been allocated for ongoing education reform programme including substantive curricula reforms. There are ongoing plans for introduction of STEM+A to enable students to combine subjects across streams eg. mathematics with music. A further Rs. 3.6 billion has been allocated to support technological education.
Rs. 16 billion has been allocated to upgrade overall school facilities including laboratories, libraries, classrooms, and sanitation facilities – a key element particularly to ensure undisrupted education for girls.
Teacher training is also a crucial element of ensuring education outcomes and Rs. 100 million is allocated for continuous professional development for teachers. Additionally, Rs. 500 million is allocated for Tamil Medium teacher training.
The government will launch the Scholarship for Educational Excellence (SEE) to enable the best performers from Sri Lankan schools to apply to the world's best universities. The Fund will support the university education of the top performers in each stream and the top performer from each province.
The government is also supporting the neglected area of pre-school education – a key stage of development of a child. A regulatory framework, including curricula and teacher training, is being designed to enable private participation in the sector as well, supported by a concessionary loan scheme for qualified applicants. Rs. 1.1 billion has been allocated for investment in early childhood development. A network of high quality pre-schools will also support greater participation of women in the work force.
Rs. 25 billion has been allocated for investments in facilities at universities including professorial units, libraries, theatre complexes and other measures for higher education expansion and development of quality.
Whilst investing heavily in state education, it is necessary to enable an appropriate role for non-state education as well. Towards this end, a loan scheme has been initiated under Enterprise Sri Lanka to extend to students applying to qualifying non-state higher education institutes, Rs. 1 million at a subsidized rate of 6% with a 2 year grace period to be repaid over 15 years.
Significant investment is being directed to upgrade skills to align human resource capabilities with work force demands. Towards this end, the government is supporting approaches such as apprenticeship programmes and internship programmes that are initiated by the private sector.
For instance, in sectors such as health and IT, skill development programmes led by the private sector will be supported by the government in the form of stipends during the training period. In the IT sector for instance, graduates in non-technical subjects will be absorbed into the industry for a training period during which time the government will provide a stipend of up to Rs. 25,000/- per month per student. Rs. 300 million has been allocated for this.
Through this approach, the training will be provided for exactly the type of skills required by the industry. A similar approach is being initiated in the nursing sector and pharmaceutical industries. The government is also supporting skill development in the construction sector led by CIDA for which Rs. 300 million has been allocated. This will help develop skills in these key areas. Depending on the success of these programmes, the government will encourage other industry bodies to develop similar projects.
In addition, the Sri Lanka army has a substantial capacity to support the government in its initiatives in skill development for various technical skills to support independent livelihoods. The SLA will provide NVQ certified training programmes in skill areas such as electronics, welding, carpenting, plumbing, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Trainees will be provided with a stipend during the programme.
Innovation and Enterprise
The bedrock of the government's support for enterprise, SMEs and local entrepreneurs is the Enterprise Sri Lanka loan scheme, which covers a whole gamut of sectors from agriculture, to manufacturing, and the service sector. Already over Rs. 60 billion of loans have been disbursed in through the different loan schemes.
A guarantee fund for SMEs will support the implementation of innovative business ideas whose owners lack the relevant capital or collateral. The Enterprise Sri Lanka loan schemes will also connect borrowers with institutions such as ITI, ICTA, EDB, and the Universities to link such entities with a larger ecosystem for startups and small business.
In order to create better opportunities for startups and SMEs, government procurement will be amended to ensure that at least 10% of the value of such government procurement is ear marked for Sri Lankan SMEs.
The Enterprise Innovation Programme is being launched. This will support the development of new innovative projects and technology by Sri Lankan firms. The programme will provide matching grants for proof of concept, prototyping, R&D, and technology adoption. Rs. 40 million is allocated through the appropriations bill and a further Rs. 50 million is proposed in the budget.
Limited Liability Partnership structures were proposed in the previous budget and the legislation for this has been drafted and will be introduced into law in 2019. This will support investment in startups and venture financing.
Ongoing investments into Sri Lanka's technical research capacity are continued with this budget. Rs. 1.2 billion has been allocated for the nanotechnology sector, along with continued investments in the Vidatha programme (Rs. 114 million) to connect scientists to industry to enable transfer of technology, and the scientific development programme (Rs. 110 million).
Along with the funding for the National Quality Infrastructure programme under the National Export Strategy, which will upgrade and integrate Sri Lanka's quality infrastructure, investments are also continuing for physical infrastructure in the research sector including laboratory facilities for SLSI (Rs. 100 million) and the establishment of a science centre (Rs. 100 million).
Exports and FDI
The key priorities in the export sector are to ensure improved access to markets, enhanced capacity for product development and quality to ensure acceptability in such markets, encouraging greater technological embodiment in our exports to ensure competitiveness, and to reduce non-tariff barriers to trade through trade facilitation.
The 2019 budget continues to support programmes initiated in the 2018 budget – this includes the Export Market Access scheme and the National Export Strategy.
The Export Market Access programme has an allocation of Rs. 400 million in the appropriation bill. This programme will support companies seeking to establish export presence or expand exports.
The National Export Strategy (NES) has an allocation of Rs. 250 million as per the budget proposal. These resources will support sectors including electronics, spices & concentrates, boat building, ICT, wellness tourism, processed foods, and logistics.
The NES includes the implementation of the National Quality Infrastructure which will support better resource utilization amongst laboratory and testing facilities which can serve both the export and import sectors.
The budget also supports the seafood exports sector through investments in higher end fishing vessels that are compliant with EU requirements to access GSP +. This includes vessels with chilling facilities, safety and monitoring features. The government will bear 50% of the cost of these investments.
The solid tyre sector has become a major export for Sri Lanka – the government will facilitate the private sector to invest in testing and prototyping facilities for product innovation to enable the industry to remain at the helm of global markets. Support is also given to improve latex production by doubling incentives for rubber planting.
Sri Lanka is also the world's major producer of Ceylon Cinnamon, and the budget will support the ongoing initiative to secure Geographic Indicator for this product.
The IT initiative will be expanded to train 1,000 non-technical graduates through internship programmes where the government will bear 50% of the salary. The minimum employment requirement of 50 employees to benefit from the 35% additional deduction for the IT sector will be removed.
The government is committed to the strategy of building a network of trade agreements to link into regional value chains. After reviewing the Singapore FTA the government will build on progress made in negotiations with India, China, and Thailand.
The budget will support the Break into India and China Market Entry Strategy. Firms establishing in these and other key markets will be supported by proposed Trading Houses for priority sectors which will help Sri Lankan firms secure distribution networks, buyer linkages and other requisite support in market penetration.
The government will continue its programme of paratariff removal to improve competitiveness of the economy and enable better resource allocation to tradable sectors. Macroeconomic policy has been supportive of the tradable sector by ensuring a competitive exchange rate.
A trade adjustment programme with an allocation of Rs. 250 million in 2019 is also proposed to help firms and workers adversely affected by tariff liberalization.
The Economic Service Charge of 0.5% has been reduced to 0.25% for export companies (including IT and tourism). This will support cash flows of these companies.
Amendments are proposed to the Customs Ordinance which will improve trade facilitation – enhancing transparency, risk management, consultation, and appeals processes.
The Authorized Economic Operators programme will be launched by Customs in 2019 enabling better risk management by focusing resources on the highest risk cargo whilst facilitating compliant traders.
Implementation of the National Single Window will be accelerated with a proposed allocation of Rs. 30 million.
A package for high value investments is proposed. This entails removal of upfront investment costs for investments over US$ 50 million, and additional capital allowances ranging from 100% to 150%. For investments over US$ 1,000 million additional benefits including exemptions from dividend tax and PAYE are also proposed.
Industrial zones in Bingiriya and Wegawatte will be supported with Rs. 500 million proposed.
The appropriation bill and budget proposals for 2019 includes allocations of Rs. 232.7 billion for the health sector. This includes Rs. 182 billion recurrent expenditure and Rs. 50.7 billion capital expenditure.
The appropriation bill includes allocation for medical supplies of Rs. 45 billion, and bio-medical equipment of Rs. 5.6 billion. The allocation for the Thriposha programme is Rs. 3 billion.
Rs. 24.8 billion is allocated in the appropriations bill for investments in improving the quality of infrastructure in government health facilities.
In addition to infrastructure there is significant investment into patient care. Rs. 1.6 billion is allocated for primary health care units to develop coordination of patient care over time, referral networks, and treatment follow up measures.
The Suwaseriya Ambulance programme has been extremely successful at addressing emergency treatment and critical interventions, saving lives across the country. Rs. 2 billion has been allocated through the appropriations bill to support the programme, and a further Rs. 600 million is proposed over 2 years through the budget to establish 300 base stations across the country, to further improve service delivery.
With the increase of non-communicable diseases the necessity for palliative care for those who are terminally ill has arisen – Rs. 50 million is allocated to establish capacity building for such treatment. Significant support is provided in the budget for investment in elderly care facilities.
Investments to detect and treat CKDU continue and Rs. 550 million is allocated through the budget.
Rs. 100 million is allocated for the control of rabies through a sterilization programme, which will also help solve concerns about the stray dog population.
It is also necessary to address skill requirements in the private sector. Towards this end the budget will share costs for training of nurses and pharmaceutical professionals by developing an "apprenticeship model". During the apprenticeship the government will provide a stipend (nurses Rs. 10,000 and pharmaceutical professionals Rs. 15,000) to support the salary of the trainee.
In addition, the appropriation bill allocates Rs. 1.3 billion for a nursing faculty.
Housing & Construction
The appropriation and budget proposals encompass allocations of Rs. 39.5 billion for the housing sector, of which Rs. 38 billion is capital expenditure.
A major objective of this government is to make Sri Lanka into a home-owning democracy. Already substantial investment has gone into this sector across different value segments over the last 3 and a half years. At low income income levels the government bears the major part of the funding, at the mid-range level the government will share the costs of funding through subsidized loan schemes, and at the higher end the government will provide a conducive environment for private investments in housing.
Significant investment is allocated for low income housing with Rs. 7.5 billion allocated and a further Rs. 2.9 billion for estate housing.
In 2019 several middle income housing projects will commence, including projects in Wadduwa, Ragama, Yakkala, Kundasale, Borella, and Pannipitiya, among others.
Rs. 8.1 billion is allocated through the appropriations bill for the Urban Regeneration project.
The appropriation bill and budget proposals also suppors housing for re-settlement projects with a total allocation of Rs. 13.5 billion for this.
In addition to public housing, the government is supporting investment in private housing investments. The Home Sweet Home loan under the Enterprise Sri Lanka loan scheme will provide Rs. 10 million loans at concessionary financing of 6% for first time home buyers. This is another measure that will support middle income housing in Sri Lanka and help build a home owning democracy.
Enterprise Sri Lanka will also provide Rs. 10 mn concessionary financing for migrant workers to invest in a home in Sri Lanka. The government will bear 75% of the interest cost and provide a 2 year grace period out of a 15 year loan tenor.
To support local construction companies, in order to tender for future government projects, a foreign construction company must form a partnership with a local construction company. This will address the issues faced by local companies in facing up to international competition.
In order to reduce the costs of construction, the para-tariffs applied to selected construction materials will be reduced. The NBT for the main contractor in construction projects will also be made exempt.
To support the property development sector, a residential visa will be provided for 3 years for foreign nationals who invest US$ 300,000 or more in condominiums.
Rs. 79 billion has been allocated for investment in public transport across numerous modes including bus, rail, and light rail.
Investment in public transport is identified as a key priority to ensure high quality public service delivery, and to minimize the inefficiencies caused due to inadequate and poorly planned public transport systems. The envisaged reforms include introduction of technology to drive efficiencies and service delivery, whilst expanding access to higher quality public transport as well.
The Colombo City Light Rail Transit will commence in 2019 for which Rs. 5 billion is allocated.
Multi-modal passenger terminals will be implemented in Makumbura, Kandy, Kadawatha, Pettah, and Moratuwa. A joint bus operation control centre will be established to improve public transport services and Rs. 1.3 billion has been allocated for this.
The Sahasara Bus Modernisation programme will enable bus drivers to be paid on a per kilometer basis – this will help manage the competition in the sector that has led to reckless driving and poor public service delivery.
Pre-paid fare cards, electronic GPS tracking and digital bus schedules will be introduced to facilitate passengers and improve service delivery.
The SLTB fleet will be expanded and modernized to improve services to users – this includes buses with special needs facilities.
An enterprise loan scheme will be introduced to support private bus fleet modernization as well. The government will bear 75% of the interest cost.
Rs. 13.5 billion is allocated for public investment in railways lines across the country including the Colombo suburban railway improvement project and the Matara Kataragama railway line to connect the Southern Province.
The private sector will be encouraged to lease/rent Sri Lanka Railways carriages in order to optimize asset utilization and improve facilities on the 4 main lines.
A billion rupees has also been allocated to improve sanitation facilities in railway and bus stations across the country as another measure to improve service delivery in public transport.
Roads and Expressways
The appropriations bill and budget proposals allocate Rs. 194 billion for investment in roads and expressways.
The development of a high quality network of roads is a crucial enabler for economic activity and public convenience. The government has invested over Rs. 700 billion in roads since coming into office in 2015.
This includes Rs. 32.7 billion for the extension of the Southern Expressway and Rs. 15.4 billion for stage III of the outer circular highway.
Work on section I and III of the Central Expressway will continue while continuing work on Section II.
Work on the Ruwanpura Expressway, connecting Ratnapura District to the Southern Expressway will commence in 2019.
Rs. 15.4 billion is allocated for the integrated road investment programme and Rs. 7.6 billion is allocated for provincial road development initiatives.
The Gampereliya and Ran Mawath programmes (Rs. 10 billion) will see significant investments in rural roads as well.
Full Budget Proposals can read follow this link
https://s3.lankaenews.com/downloads/Budget_Speech_2019_English.pdf


Organizations around the globe typically spend huge amounts of money on the purchase and support of Oracle Database software. Different, complex and changing licensing rules and definitions need to be taken into account and periodically reviewed in order to avoid unnecessary compliance issues and financial risk.
It's very important that software license compliance issues are permanently on your radar and on the agenda of both Finance and IT departments. For instance, automated scanning and inventory tools (including the third-party tools verified by Oracle) do not differentiate system usage from actual usage, so that many end user organizations think they require to license more database options than they actually need to!
Customers are king, but they may wear a heavy crown, that means carry the burden of legal responsibilities, without even knowing. Take Oracle's licensing model which is very flexible and non-restrictive. Anyone who wants to use any Oracle software program can visit the website and download whatever they are interested in. The full responsibility to obtain the appropriate software licenses is the end user's. You need to contact Oracle or one of its resellers to obtain the appropriate licenses before installing and using the software. On top of that, the end user in almost all cases will download more (related) functionalities/features than the software he or she intends to install and/or use.
Although all the ease of use and installation Oracle provides is on the one hand very convenient for the end user, it also results in more complexity and difficulty while keeping track of software programs, users, and rights, which you are definitely required to do. In many organizations, multiple (internal and external) people in different roles and with different levels of expertise download and install Oracle Database software programs, without being aware of what they were doing and using in what capacity. This typically results in large non-compliance issues and financial exposure.
The required number of licenses for Oracle's Database programs are (almost) at all times related to the hardware infrastructure on which the software is installed. Incorrect interpretation or understanding of whether the software is deemed to be installed and how the installed software should be licensed in a certain specific hardware infrastructure is by far the number 1 license compliance issue.
Some examples: Incorrect understanding of license minimums and Incorrect Processor counts are issues we encounter at clients on a daily basis. They illustrate how badly you need a complete and accurate understanding of the hardware infrastructure to help you manage and monitor the required number of Oracle Database software licenses correctly. And there will be many more related parameters to consider carefully, among them: Server Virtualization through VMware; Server Virtualization through Oracle VM; Server Virtualization through IBM LPAR; Disaster Recovery and High Availability; Multi-threading; Outsourcing & Cloud environments.


We live in an age where we're being sold products, brands and lifestyles, even when we're not aware of it. Advertising has transcended from television commercials and billboards to the books that we read, the television programmes that we watch and even the people that we talk to unknowingly in a bar. Consumerism is certainly at its height, but is this a social and economic order and ideology that will continue to grow or, will a new minimalist movement eventually win out?
The notion of consumerism is not a recent one, it has been building since the 1840s when department stores started to emerge and offer consumers a greater variety of items such as dry goods, clothing and home décor. Consumerism encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts, encouraging the idea that an individual will be that much happier and fulfilled with the purchase of every product. However, Netflix's latest documentary release: Minimalism: A Documentary About the Important Things demonstrates how your life can be better with less. It takes the audience inside the lives of minimalists from all walks of life—families, entrepreneurs, architects, artists, journalists, scientists, and even a former Wall Street broker—all of whom are striving to live a meaningful life with less.
It would seem that too much 'stuff', rather than improving a person's quality of life, is negatively impacting upon people's wellbeing, contributing to increased anxiety, unhappiness and poor health. People fail to attain the 'perfect' lifestyle presented within advertising and feel weighed down emotionally with the stress of the physical clutter that accumulates in this fruitless pursuit.
So, what are the principles of minimalism? Who is promoting it? And why is this movement gathering pace?
According to Joshua Becker, bestselling author of The More of Less at its core, minimalism is the intentional promotion of the things we most value and the removal of everything that distracts us from it. It is a life that forces intentionality. And as a result, it forces improvements in almost all aspects of your life. Regarding consumerism, it frees a person from the all-consuming passion to possess, it invites us to slow down, consume less but enjoy more. It values relationships, experiences, and soul-care.
Becker is one of many leading the way in minimalism, birthing thousands of Instagram accounts dedicated to people documenting their minimalism journey, or simply aspiring to a more organised, simplistic and joyful life (@minimalismlife, @intentialism, @livingbetterwithless to name a few). Another powerhouse in this field is The Minimalists AKA Joshua Fields Millburn & Ryan Nicodemus. Through their website, books, podcast and public speaking the pair help over 20 million people live meaningful lives with less and have been featured in prominent media including New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Forbes and BBC. They are also behind the documentary Minimalism: A Documentary About the Important Things and with 136k followers of their Instagram account it's clear that theirs is a voice that people want to hear.
Another noteworthy mention must go to the queen of decluttering, Marie Kondo, best-selling author and organising consultant who has forever changed the way we tidy. Through her two books – 'The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying' and 'Spark Joy' she has spread her unique KonMari method of tidying which is now being implemented by readers across the world, including actress Jamie Lee-Curtis who commented in Time magazine: "I recommend it for anyone who struggles with the material excess of living in a privileged society… to show you how serious my respect for Ms. Kondo is: if I ever get a tattoo, it will say, Spark Joy!" As Curtis implies, people are drawn to her method as it places great importance on being mindful, introspective, and optimistic. Belongings are acknowledged for their service and thanked before being discarded, if they no longer spark joy.
So why is it so popular? Joshua Becker examines this best in his blog post: 10 Reasons Why Minimalism is Growing but his observation that 'the benefits are desired more now than ever' is wholly representative of the cause behind the movement. He says that 'Minimalism offers a life with less stress, less distraction, more freedom, and more time. All things that people today are desperately searching for more than ever.' He also reasons that people are coming to the realisation that there's more to life than possessions – they have tried finding happiness through 'stuff' during the world's latest economic boom… and have been left unfulfilled. As a result, they are beginning to seek happiness and fulfilment in other places: relationships, social causes, and significance.
With this in mind, businesses would be wise to understand the motivations of those turning to minimalism, and consider their business models and marketing and PR communications carefully in order to offer this new target audience something that they too will value. This could be ensuring a strong CSR policy is implemented, packaging is subtly adjusted or streamlining messaging so that those being more careful in their purchasing choices choose you over other more 'inconsiderate' brands.
If this blog interests you, you might enjoy our thoughts on the growing place of screen technology in our lives. The Tonic Communications has its hand on the pulse of the news' healthcare PR and wellbeing agenda and our specialist healthcare experience can help clients navigate these waters. For further information please contact us.


text:
Official FC Bayern News
Kovac: It was a deserved defeat
News that's automatically retrieved from the official FC Bayern Munich website.
by FCBayernNews » Thu Mar 14, 2019 1:20 am
The 2018/19 European campaign is over for FC Bayern after the 3-1 defeat to Liverpool in the Champions League last sixteen return leg. Niko Kovac's men were ambitious but struggled against strong opponents. "They closed us down well. We didn't manage to play calmly and set up Lewandowski," said the coach after the final whistle, before summing up: "It was a deserved defeat today."
Niko Kovac: "We were up against very, very strong opponents. I'd like to congratulate Liverpool and Jürgen Klopp. They were the better team over the two matches. We kept the contest open until Liverpool's second goal. You saw a set-piece can be decisive in a match like this. They closed us down well. We didn't manage to play calmly and set up Lewandowski, that's why it was a deserved defeat. Our opponents attacked very early and at a high pace. We tried to use our full-backs to attack. We didn't succeed because our opponents did a really good job, whereas we didn't have our best day. Liverpool are a top team. They were finalists last year and are among the top teams in the Premier League. They exposed our limitations."
Hasan Salihamidzic: "We weren't able to build up pressure at any time. We never managed to get our fans completely behind us. We have to congratulate Liverpool, they turned in a very good performance, they were just better. Liverpool were more physical. Usually we have this dominance and possession. We didn't manage today. We never camped out in our opponents' half and never created chances."
Manuel Neuer: "The victory wasn't undeserved today. We lacked punch up front, we didn't create enough chances. Taken altogether the result is okay, even if it hurts. We were highly motivated, we were fired up, the attitude was right. It would have helped to take the lead when it was 1-1. The goal from a set-piece at an awkward moment settled it."
Mats Hummels: "It was a very scrappy game until Liverpool's second goal. There wasn't a lot of action at either end, both teams were very cautious. We struggled to get into the game. Liverpool took their first chance to score the opener, we levelled with our first chance. Liverpool's second was a bit of a blow to our confidence. Liverpool were the better team then. It was all very tight until that goal, even if it wasn't a great match."
Jürgen Klopp (Liverpool coach): "We came here to advance to the next round. There aren't many teams that have eliminated Bayern, they've advanced to the semis or the final quite often in recent years. So it's special, after all, we're still on course. It's incredibly good to lay down a marker like this today, and in a very tough match with a huge amunt of respect, a lot of tactical play, you had to close down a lot of space. Fortunately we did that in the second half."
Source: www.fcbayern.de
FCBayernNews
News fetcher
Re: Kovac: It was a deserved defeat
by MoFattal » Thu Mar 14, 2019 1:22 am
Please leave and let us be a top team again like them.
by Min » Thu Mar 14, 2019 11:04 am
Dysfunction starts from the top. Hoemmenige did everything to make Bayern's decline. Their greedy transfer policy is the answer to all our problems. Kovac is the smallest answer. Would it be Klopp in his place yesterday, the result would have been similar.
by Fénix » Thu Mar 14, 2019 6:03 pm
MoFattal wrote: Please leave and let us have a new coach trying to return us in a top team category.
I can agree with this.
Auf geht's ihr Roten!
by JAbayern » Fri Mar 15, 2019 12:42 am
I would use strong language but I fear being disbanded so I will just say you are really bad at your job
JAbayern
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text:
This sheet is designed for the Seven Deadly Sins system. A custom system designed by Grant Read.

### Changelog
9/30/2018 - First Draft
10/03/2018 - Second Draft
11/19/2018 - Third Draft

Sheet Author: [@Jack M.](https://app.roll20.net/users/329031/jack-m)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Neither torrential downpours nor canyon-like winds in Manhattan kept the crowd away from the opening night of NYCB's Fall Season. Last night's offerings drew upon the rich Stravinsky/Balanchine collaboration that produced so much of the famed repertory at NYCB.
The program opened with a strong performance of Apollo by Robert Fairchild, Sterling Hyltin, Tiler Peck, and Ana Sophia Scheller. Fairchild danced Apollo wonderfully weighted into the floor and with a compelling theatrical depth. NYCB's Apollos have recently been noted for their cool intensities. Fairchild's natural smolder and expressiveness are pleasant additions to a role which can accommodate a variety of interpretations. The PdD as danced by Fairchild and Hyltin nicely captured the slightly flirtatious aspects of Terpsichore and Apollo's fascination and attraction.
The muses didn't have their best-ever ensemble effort last night but their individual variations were first rate with only minor issues about which to complain. Haglund made the mistake of sitting on the right side of the house again where he couldn't avoid seeing that Sterling's developpes to arabesque were more to second position than behind her. But other than that little gripe, her performance was fresh and musically interesting.
Tiler Peck as Polyhmnia and Ana Sophia Scheller as Calliope were superb in their variations. Tiler attacked the pesky pique turns that finish in arabesque with confidence, but it seems that we might be missing something by not seeing her as Terpsichore. Hopefully, that's somewhere in Peter Martins' grand plan. Ana Sophia, one of NYCB's two newest principals, was riveting. With a theatrical reach that goes to the back of the theater and a fearless/fault defying technique, she is a dancer not to be missed in any classical or Balanchine role.
The middle of the program was Balanchine's Orpheus from 1948. Everything that Balanchine choreographed was not a masterpiece, as Orpheus reminds us. The costumes, sets, and lighting effects overwhelm what little choreography there is in this piece, but do not save it. There were a few interesting aspects to it - mostly delivered by Wendy Whelan's Eurydice in her PdD with Ask la Cour's Orpheus. Other than in the PdD, there was a sense that maybe Balanchine choreographed Orpheus by asking himself, "What would Martha do?" Haglund may hang out at the lobby's bar tonight while this one is on.
The evening concluded with an Olympic sized performance of Agon. Maria Kowroski, Rebecca Krohn, Sebastien Marcovici, and Andrew Veyette led with their best competitive spirits. Rebecca, NYCB's other new principal, showed more than a little of the Kowroski spark and sultry confidence. It was really a pleasure seeing the two of them share the stage. Rebecca's balances during the PdT with Adrian Danchig-Waring and Craig Hall wowed the audience with their ease and serenity without being showy.
Let's talk about Adrian Danchig-Waring and Megan LeCrone, who along with Ashley Laracey completed the principal cast. Wow, are these two dancers coming along nicely! Adrian, particularly while dancing with the other men, stood out for taking each movement to its maximum and shaping every step and combination with acute clarity. Megan, finally relaxing a bit after all these years, carved out the choreography masterfully with such beautiful and articulate legs and feet -- and even smiled occasionally!


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Perception Gaps
Father's Day: but no vulcanized eggs?
By Thomas V. DiBacco
THIS will be the first Father's Day in a long time that I won't be treated to breakfast in bed. My two children, who have now left the nest, devised this Father's Day ritual 15 years ago when they were about eight or nine years old. Of course, they would make, and later purchase, cards and gifts to go with their breakfast on a tray, but it was the meal that was the heart of their gift to me. They practiced making breakfast on various weekends before the third Sunday in June. Debbie, the firstborn, would direct all preparations, just as with her playmates she organized and led the parades that our neighborhood was spontaneously required to view. Unfortunately, as a dance student, Debbie knew parades much better than cooking, having spent little time with my wife in the kitchen. No matter, she winged it whenever in doubt, and no menu was beyond her grasp.
Son Tommy's specialty was eating. He also earned a black belt in stumbling. Combining the parade management skills of Debbie with the sleight of feet of Tommy meant that the sounds of the feast could be heard an hour in advance of chow time. And as native Washingtonians, the kids learned to whisper at 16th and K Streets.
My wife and I always appeared surprised as the duo marched into our bedroom. Always the same ritual: The kids sat on the bottom of our bed until I consumed every bit of food. Debbie's specialty was rubbery eggs, the subject of extended conversation between my wife and me as to her secret. James Beard would have gotten thin doing his push-backs with Debbie's plate of vulcanized eggs, but I was forced to eat them in ever-increasing quantities.
Tommy, on the other hand, learned to make toast from Ivan the Terrible's recipe. His theory was that if toast wasn't hard enough to be stomped on with Siberian boots, it wasn't fit to eat.
The kids beamed as they watched me eat. When they were little, they would sometimes end the ceremony by snuggling in bed with us and participating in a ``my favorite story'' talk-in. Or they'd bring in a game that we would play amid the plates and cups.
It will be quiet this Father's Day, but I will think about those days with the kids. And chances are that before the day comes to an end, I'll have a hankering for some rubbery eggs and burnt toast.
Thomas V. DiBacco is a historian at the American University.
'Vulcan' and 'Cerberus' are favorite names for Pluto's moons
Looks like Pluto will have a moon named 'Vulcan'
Ignoring Star Trek fans, astronomers name Pluto's moons