text:
Ventilation is the intentional introduction of outdoor air into a space. Ventilation is mainly used to control indoor air quality by diluting and displacing indoor pollutants; it can also be used to control indoor temperature, humidity, and air motion to benefit thermal comfort, satisfaction with other aspects of the indoor environment, or other objectives.

The intentional introduction of outdoor air is usually categorized as either mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation, or mixed-mode ventilation (hybrid ventilation).

 Mechanical ventilation is the intentional fan-driven flow of outdoor air into a building. Mechanical ventilation systems may include supply fans (which push outdoor air into a building), exhaust fans (which draw air out of a building and thereby cause equal ventilation flow into a building), or a combination of both. Mechanical ventilation is often provided by equipment that is also used to heat and cool a space.
 Natural ventilation is the intentional passive flow of outdoor air into a building through planned openings (such as louvers, doors, and windows). Natural ventilation does not require mechanical systems to move outdoor air. Instead, it relies entirely on passive physical phenomena, such as wind pressure, or the stack effect. Natural ventilation openings may be fixed, or adjustable.  Adjustable openings may be controlled automatically (automated), owned by occupants (operable), or a combination of both. Cross ventilation is a phenomenon of natural ventilation.
 Mixed-mode ventilation systems use both mechanical and natural processes. The mechanical and natural components may be used at the same time, at different times of day, or in different seasons of the year. Since natural ventilation flow depends on environmental conditions, it may not always provide an appropriate amount of ventilation. In this case, mechanical systems may be used to supplement or regulate the naturally driven flow.

Ventilation is typically described as separate from infiltration.

 Infiltration is the circumstantial flow of air from outdoors to indoors through leaks (unplanned openings) in a building envelope. When a building design relies on infiltration to maintain indoor air quality, this flow has been referred to as adventitious ventilation.

The design of buildings that promote occupant health and well-being requires a clear understanding of the ways that ventilation airflow interacts with, dilutes, displaces, or introduces pollutants within the occupied space. Although ventilation is an integral component of maintaining good indoor air quality, it may not be satisfactory alone. In scenarios where outdoor pollution would deteriorate indoor air quality, other treatment devices such as filtration may also be necessary. In kitchen ventilation systems, or for laboratory fume hoods, the design of effective effluent capture can be more important than the bulk amount of ventilation in a space. More generally, the way that an air distribution system causes ventilation to flow into and out of a space impacts the ability of a particular ventilation rate to remove internally generated pollutants. The ability of a system to reduce pollution in space is described as its "ventilation effectiveness".  However, the overall impacts of ventilation on indoor air quality can depend on more complex factors such as the sources of pollution, and the ways that activities and airflow interact to affect occupant exposure.

An array of factors related to the design and operation of ventilation systems are regulated by various codes and standards.  Standards dealing with the design and operation of ventilation systems to achieve acceptable indoor air quality include ASHRAE Standards 62.1 and 62.2, the International Residential Code, the International Mechanical Code, and the United Kingdom Building Regulations Part F.  Other standards that focus on energy conservation also impact the design and operation of ventilation systems, including ASHRAE Standard 90.1, and the International Energy Conservation Code.

In many instances, ventilation for indoor air quality is simultaneously beneficial for the control of thermal comfort. Increasing ventilation is essential to enhance the physical health of people. At these times, it can be useful to increase the rate of ventilation beyond the minimum required for indoor air quality. Two examples include air-side economizer cooling and ventilative pre-cooling. In other instances, ventilation for indoor air quality contributes to the need for – and energy use by – mechanical heating and cooling equipment. In hot and humid climates, dehumidification of ventilation air can be a particularly energy-intensive process.

Ventilation should be considered for its relationship to "venting" for appliances and combustion equipment such as water heaters, furnaces, boilers, and wood stoves. Most importantly, building ventilation design must be careful to avoid the backdraft of combustion products from "naturally vented" appliances into the occupied space. This issue is of greater importance for buildings with more air-tight envelopes. To avoid the hazard, many modern combustion appliances utilize "direct venting" which draws combustion air directly from outdoors, instead of from the indoor environment.

Ventilation rates for indoor air quality
The ventilation rate, for commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) buildings, is normally expressed by the volumetric flow rate of outdoor air, introduced to the building.  The typical units used are cubic feet per minute (CFM) in the imperial system, or liters per second (L/s) in the metric system (even though cubic meter per second is the preferred unit for volumetric flow rate in the SI system of units).  The ventilation rate can also be expressed on a per person or per unit floor area basis, such as CFM/p or CFM/ft², or as air changes per hour (ACH).

Standards for residential buildings
For residential buildings, which mostly rely on infiltration for meeting their ventilation needs, a common ventilation rate measure is the air change rate (or air changes per hour): the hourly ventilation rate divided by the volume of the space (I or ACH; units of 1/h). During the winter, ACH may range from 0.50 to 0.41 in a tightly air-sealed house to 1.11 to 1.47 in a loosely air-sealed house.

ASHRAE now recommends ventilation rates dependent upon floor area, as a revision to the 62-2001 standard, in which the minimum ACH was 0.35, but no less than 15 CFM/person (7.1 L/s/person). As of 2003, the standard has been changed to 3 CFM/100 sq. ft. (15 L/s/100 sq. m.) plus 7.5 CFM/person (3.5 L/s/person).

Standards for commercial buildings

Ventilation rate procedure
Ventilation Rate Procedure is rate based on standard and prescribes the rate at which ventilation air must be delivered to space and various means to the condition that air. Air quality is assessed (through CO2 measurement) and ventilation rates are mathematically derived using constants.
Indoor Air Quality Procedure uses one or more guidelines for the specification of acceptable concentrations of certain contaminants in indoor air but does not prescribe ventilation rates or air treatment methods. This addresses both quantitative and subjective evaluations and is based on the Ventilation Rate Procedure. It also accounts for potential contaminants that may have no measured limits, or for which no limits are not set (such as formaldehyde off-gassing from carpet and furniture).

Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation harnesses naturally available forces to supply and remove air in an enclosed space. Poor ventilation in rooms is identified to significantly increase the localized moldy smell in specific places of the room including room corners. There are three types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: wind-driven ventilation, pressure-driven flows, and stack ventilation. The pressures generated by 'the stack effect' rely upon the buoyancy of heated or rising air. Wind-driven ventilation relies upon the force of the prevailing wind to pull and push air through the enclosed space as well as through breaches in the building's envelope.

Almost all historic buildings were ventilated naturally. The technique was generally abandoned in larger US buildings during the late 20th century as the use of air conditioning became more widespread. However, with the advent of advanced Building Performance Simulation (BPS) software, improved Building Automation Systems (BAS), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) design requirements, and improved window manufacturing techniques; natural ventilation has made a resurgence in commercial buildings both globally and throughout the US.

The benefits of natural ventilation include:

Improved Indoor air quality (IAQ)
Energy savings
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
Occupant control
Reduction in occupant illness associated with Sick Building Syndrome
Increased worker productivity

Techniques and architectural features used to ventilate buildings and structures naturally include, but are not limited to:

Operable windows
Night purge ventilation
Clerestory windows and vented skylights
Building orientation
Wind capture façades

Mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation of buildings and structures can be achieved by the use of the following techniques:

Whole-house ventilation
Mixing ventilation
Displacement ventilation
Dedicated subaerial air supply

Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV)
Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV, also known as Demand Control Ventilation) makes it possible to maintain air quality while conserving energy. ASHRAE has determined that: "It is consistent with the ventilation rate procedure that demand control be permitted for use to reduce the total outdoor air supply during periods of less occupancy." In a DCV system, CO2 sensors control the amount of ventilation. During peak occupancy, CO2 levels rise, and the system adjusts to deliver the same amount of outdoor air as would be used by the ventilation-rate procedure. However, when spaces are less occupied,  CO2 levels reduce, and the system reduces ventilation to conserves energy. DCV is a well-established practice, and is required in high occupancy spaces by building energy standards such as ASHRAE 90.1.

Personalized ventilation
Personalized ventilation is an air distribution strategy that allows individuals to control the amount of ventilation received. The approach delivers fresh air more directly to the breathing zone and aims to improve the air quality of inhaled air. Personalized ventilation provides much higher ventilation effectiveness than conventional mixing ventilation systems by displacing pollution from the breathing zone with far less air volume. Beyond improved air quality benefits, the strategy can also improve occupants' thermal comfort, perceived air quality, and overall satisfaction with the indoor environment. Individuals' preferences for temperature and air movement are not equal, and so traditional approaches to homogeneous environmental control have failed to achieve high occupant satisfaction. Techniques such as personalized ventilation facilitate control of a more diverse thermal environment that can improve thermal satisfaction for most occupants.

Local exhaust ventilation
Local exhaust ventilation addresses the issue of avoiding the contamination of indoor air by specific high-emission sources by capturing airborne contaminants before they are spread into the environment. This can include water vapor control, lavatory effluent control, solvent vapors from industrial processes, and dust from wood- and metal-working machinery. Air can be exhausted through pressurized hoods or the use of fans and pressurizing a specific area.A local exhaust system is composed of 5 basic parts

 A hood that captures the contaminant at its source
 Ducts for transporting the air
 An air-cleaning device that removes/minimizes the contaminant
 A fan that moves the air through the system
 An exhaust stack through which the contaminated air is discharged

In the UK, the use of LEV systems has regulations set out by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) which are referred to as the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (CoSHH). Under CoSHH, legislation is set to protect users of LEV systems by ensuring that all equipment is tested at least every fourteen months to ensure the LEV systems are performing adequately. All parts of the system must be visually inspected and thoroughly tested and where any parts are found to be defective, the inspector must issue a red label to identify the defective part and the issue.

The owner of the LEV system must then have the defective parts repaired or replaced before the system can be used.

Smart ventilation
Smart ventilation is a process of continually adjusting the ventilation system in time, and optionally by location, to provide the desired IAQ benefits while minimizing energy consumption, utility bills, and other non-IAQ costs (such as thermal discomfort or noise).
A smart ventilation system adjusts ventilation rates in time or by location in a building to be responsive to one or more of the following: occupancy, outdoor thermal and air quality conditions, electricity grid needs, direct sensing of contaminants, operation of other air moving and air cleaning systems.
In addition, smart ventilation systems can provide information to building owners, occupants, and managers on operational energy consumption and indoor air quality as well as a signal when systems need maintenance or repair.
Being responsive to occupancy means that a smart ventilation system can adjust ventilation depending on demand such as reducing ventilation if the building is unoccupied.
Smart ventilation can time-shift ventilation to periods when a) indoor-outdoor temperature differences are smaller (and away from peak outdoor temperatures and humidity), b) when indoor-outdoor temperatures are appropriate for ventilative cooling, or c) when outdoor air quality is acceptable.
Being responsive to electricity grid needs means providing flexibility to electricity demand (including direct signals from utilities) and integration with electric grid control strategies.
Smart ventilation systems can have sensors to detect airflow, systems pressures, or fan energy use in such a way that systems failures can be detected and repaired, as well as when system components need maintenance, such as filter replacement.

Ventilation and combustion

Combustion (in a fireplace, gas heater, candle, oil lamp, etc.) consumes oxygen while producing carbon dioxide and other unhealthy gases and smoke, requiring ventilation air. An open chimney promotes infiltration (i.e. natural ventilation) because of the negative pressure change induced by the buoyant, warmer air leaving through the chimney. The warm air is typically replaced by heavier, cold air.

Ventilation in a structure is also needed for removing water vapor produced by respiration, burning, and cooking, and for removing odors. If water vapor is permitted to accumulate, it may damage the structure, insulation, or finishes.  When operating, an air conditioner usually removes excess moisture from the air. A dehumidifier may also be appropriate for removing airborne moisture.

Calculation for acceptable ventilation rate
Ventilation guidelines are based on the minimum ventilation rate required to maintain acceptable levels of effluents. Carbon dioxide is used as a reference point, as it is the gas of highest emission at a relatively constant value of 0.005 L/s. The mass balance equation is:

Q = G/(Ci − Ca)

Q = ventilation rate (L/s)
G = CO2 generation rate
Ci = acceptable indoor CO2 concentration
Ca = ambient CO2 concentration

Smoking and ventilation
ASHRAE standard 62 states that air removed from an area with environmental tobacco smoke shall not be recirculated into ETS-free air. A space with ETS requires more ventilation to achieve similar perceived air quality to that of a non-smoking environment.

The amount of ventilation in an ETS area is equal to the amount of an ETS-free area plus the amount V, where:

V = DSD × VA × A/60E

V = recommended extra flow rate in CFM (L/s)
DSD = design smoking density (estimated number of cigarettes smoked per hour per unit area)
VA = volume of ventilation air per cigarette for the room being designed (ft3/cig)
E = contaminant removal effectiveness

History

Primitive ventilation systems were found at the Pločnik archeological site (belonging to the Vinča culture) in Serbia and were built into early copper smelting furnaces. The furnace, built on the outside of the workshop, featured earthen pipe-like air vents with hundreds of tiny holes in them and a prototype chimney to ensure air goes into the furnace to feed the fire and smoke comes out safely.

Passive ventilation and passive cooling systems were widely written about around the Mediterranean by Classical times. Both sources of heat and sources of cooling (such as fountains and subterranean heat reservoirs) were used to drive air circulation, and buildings were designed to encourage or exclude drafts, according to climate and function. Public bathhouses were often particularly sophisticated in their heating and cooling. Icehouses are some millennia old, and were part of a well-developed ice industry by classical times.

The development of forced ventilation was spurred by the common belief in the late 18th and early 19th century in the miasma theory of disease, where stagnant 'airs' were thought to spread illness. An early method of ventilation was the use of a ventilating fire near an air vent which would forcibly cause the air in the building to circulate. English engineer John Theophilus Desaguliers provided an early example of this when he installed ventilating fires in the air tubes on the roof of the House of Commons. Starting with the Covent Garden Theatre, gas burning chandeliers on the ceiling were often specially designed to perform a ventilating role.

Mechanical systems

A more sophisticated system involving the use of mechanical equipment to circulate the air was developed in the mid-19th century. A basic system of bellows was put in place to ventilate Newgate Prison and outlying buildings, by the engineer Stephen Hales in the mid-1700s. The problem with these early devices was that they required constant human labor to operate. David Boswell Reid was called to testify before a Parliamentary committee on proposed architectural designs for the new House of Commons, after the old one burned down in a fire in 1834. In January 1840 Reid was appointed by the committee for the House of Lords dealing with the construction of the replacement for the Houses of Parliament. The post was in the capacity of ventilation engineer, in effect; and with its creation there began a long series of quarrels between Reid and Charles Barry, the architect.

Reid advocated the installation of a very advanced ventilation system in the new House. His design had air being drawn into an underground chamber, where it would undergo either heating or cooling. It would then ascend into the chamber through thousands of small holes drilled into the floor, and would be extracted through the ceiling by a special ventilation fire within a great stack.

Reid's reputation was made by his work in Westminster. He was commissioned for an air quality survey in 1837 by the Leeds and Selby Railway in their tunnel. The steam vessels built for the Niger expedition of 1841 were fitted with ventilation systems based on Reid's Westminster model. Air was dried, filtered and passed over charcoal. Reid's ventilation method was also applied more fully to St. George's Hall, Liverpool, where the architect, Harvey Lonsdale Elmes, requested that Reid should be involved in ventilation design. Reid considered this the only building in which his system was completely carried out.

Fans
With the advent of practical steam power, ceiling fans could finally be used for ventilation. Reid installed four steam-powered fans in the ceiling of St George's Hospital in Liverpool, so that the pressure produced by the fans would force the incoming air upward and through vents in the ceiling. Reid's pioneering work provides the basis for ventilation systems to this day. He was remembered as "Dr. Reid the ventilator" in the twenty-first century in discussions of energy efficiency, by Lord Wade of Chorlton.

History and development of ventilation rate standards

Ventilating a space with fresh air aims to avoid "bad air". The study of what constitutes bad air dates back to the 1600s when the scientist Mayow studied asphyxia of animals in confined bottles.  The poisonous component of air was later identified as carbon dioxide (), by Lavoisier in the very late 1700s, starting a debate as to the nature of "bad air" which humans perceive to be stuffy or unpleasant. Early hypotheses included excess concentrations of  and oxygen depletion. However, by the late 1800s, scientists thought biological contamination, not oxygen or , was the primary component of unacceptable indoor air. However, it was noted as early as 1872 that  concentration closely correlates to perceived air quality.

The first estimate of minimum ventilation rates was developed by Tredgold in 1836. This was followed by subsequent studies on the topic by Billings  in 1886 and Flugge in 1905.  The recommendations of Billings and Flugge were incorporated into numerous building codes from 1900–the 1920s and published as an industry standard by ASHVE (the predecessor to ASHRAE) in 1914.

The study continued into the varied effects of thermal comfort, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and biological contaminants. The research was conducted with human subjects in controlled test chambers. Two studies, published between 1909 and 1911, showed that carbon dioxide was not the offending component. Subjects remained satisfied in chambers with high levels of , so long as the chamber remained cool. (Subsequently, it has been determined that  is, in fact, harmful at concentrations over 50,000ppm)

ASHVE began a robust research effort in 1919. By 1935, ASHVE-funded research conducted by Lemberg, Brandt, and Morse – again using human subjects in test chambers – suggested the primary component of "bad air" was an odor, perceived by the human olfactory nerves. Human response to odor was found to be logarithmic to contaminant concentrations, and related to temperature. At lower, more comfortable temperatures, lower ventilation rates were satisfactory.  A 1936 human test chamber study by Yaglou, Riley, and Coggins culminated much of this effort, considering odor, room volume, occupant age, cooling equipment effects, and recirculated air implications, which guided ventilation rates. The Yaglou research has been validated, and adopted into industry standards, beginning with the ASA code in 1946. From this research base, ASHRAE (having replaced ASHVE) developed space-by-space recommendations, and published them as ASHRAE Standard 62-1975: Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality.

As more architecture incorporated mechanical ventilation, the cost of outdoor air ventilation came under some scrutiny. In 1973, in response to the 1973 oil crisis and conservation concerns, ASHRAE Standards 62-73 and 62–81) reduced required ventilation from 10 CFM (4.76 L/s) per person to 5 CFM (2.37 L/s) per person. In cold, warm, humid, or dusty climates, it is preferable to minimize ventilation with outdoor air to conserve energy, cost, or filtration. This critique (e.g. Tiller) led ASHRAE to reduce outdoor ventilation rates in 1981, particularly in non-smoking areas. However subsequent research by Fanger, W. Cain, and Janssen validated the Yaglou model. The reduced ventilation rates were found to be a contributing factor to sick building syndrome.

The 1989 ASHRAE standard (Standard 62–89) states that appropriate ventilation guidelines are 20 CFM (9.2 L/s) per person in an office building, and 15 CFM (7.1 L/s) per person for schools, while 2004 Standard 62.1-2004 has lower recommendations again (see tables below). ANSI/ASHRAE (Standard 62–89) speculated that "comfort (odor) criteria are likely to be satisfied if the ventilation rate is set so that 1,000 ppm CO2 is not exceeded" while OSHA has set a limit of 5000 ppm over 8 hours.

ASHRAE continues to publish space-by-space ventilation rate recommendations, which are decided by a consensus committee of industry experts. The modern descendants of ASHRAE standard 62-1975 are ASHRAE Standard 62.1, for non-residential spaces, and ASHRAE 62.2 for residences.

In 2004, the calculation method was revised to include both an occupant-based contamination component and an area–based contamination component. These two components are additive, to arrive at an overall ventilation rate. The change was made to recognize that densely populated areas were sometimes overventilated (leading to higher energy and cost) using a per-person methodology.

Occupant Based Ventilation Rates, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

Area-based ventilation rates, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

The addition of occupant- and area-based ventilation rates found in the tables above often results in significantly reduced rates compared to the former standard. This is compensated in other sections of the standard which require that this minimum amount of air is delivered to the breathing zone of the individual occupant at all times. The total outdoor air intake of the ventilation system (in multiple-zone variable air volume (VAV) systems) might therefore be similar to the airflow required by the 1989 standard.
From 1999 to 2010, there was considerable development of the application protocol for ventilation rates. These advancements address occupant- and process-based ventilation rates, room ventilation effectiveness, and system ventilation effectiveness

Problems
 In hot, humid climates, unconditioned ventilation air will deliver approximately one pound of water each day for each cfm of outdoor air per day, annual average. This is a great deal of moisture, and it can create serious indoor moisture and mold problems.
 Ventilation efficiency is determined by design and layout, and is dependent upon the placement and proximity of diffusers and return air outlets. If they are located closely together, supply air may mix with stale air, decreasing the efficiency of the HVAC system, and creating air quality problems.
 System imbalances occur when components of the HVAC system are improperly adjusted or installed and can create pressure differences (too much-circulating air creating a draft or too little circulating air creating stagnancy).
 Cross-contamination occurs when pressure differences arise, forcing potentially contaminated air from one zone to an uncontaminated zone. This often involves undesired odors or VOCs.
 Re-entry of exhaust air occurs when exhaust outlets and fresh air intakes are either too close, prevailing winds change exhaust patterns or infiltration between intake and exhaust air flows.
 Entrainment of contaminated outdoor air through intake flows will result in indoor air contamination. There are a variety of contaminated air sources, ranging from industrial effluent to VOCs put off by nearby construction work.

See also

 Architectural engineering
 Biological safety
 Environmental tobacco smoke
 Fume hood
 Head-end power
 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
 Heat recovery ventilation
 Mechanical engineering
 Room air distribution
 Sick building syndrome
 Solar chimney
 Windcatcher

References

External links

Air Infiltration & Ventilation Centre (AIVC)

Publications from the Air Infiltration & Ventilation Centre (AIVC)

International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (EBC)

Publications from the International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (EBC) ventilation-related research projects-annexes:
EBC Annex 9 Minimum Ventilation Rates
EBC Annex 18 Demand Controlled Ventilation Systems
EBC Annex 26 Energy Efficient Ventilation of Large Enclosures
EBC Annex 27 Evaluation and Demonstration of Domestic Ventilation Systems
EBC Annex 35 Control Strategies for Hybrid Ventilation in New and Retrofitted Office Buildings (HYBVENT)
EBC Annex 62 Ventilative Cooling

International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate

 Indoor Air Journal
 Indoor Air Conference Proceedings

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

 ASHRAE Standard 62.1 – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
 ASHRAE Standard 62.2 – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Building biology
Fluid dynamics


Effective May 2015 the CMPA is moving to the 3rd Saturday of each month. We will be meeting at Total Escape Games in Broomfield CO.
that's just down the street!
Expect me way more often.
The CMPA's first third Saturday meeting is taking place Saturday May 16th at Total Escape Games in Broomfield, CO. Store opens at 10:30 and we will be painting at least till 4.
Still hard to get used to 3rd Saturday.
Where do you come from? We have people who regurally show from Ft. Collins, Greeley, Longmont, and often Colorado Springs. Not to mention Conifier. Most of us travel fairly far to meetup.
Really? Now I feel guilty about my mere hour drive. I should go, but, you know, reasons.
Your reasons are invalid, for Reasons®.
Now that means I have get painting. Sort of goofed off the last few days after the big ReaperCon effort.
Final reminder that we start at 10:30 this morning, and anyone who can get there is welcome.
got some good sculpting advice from Gene and have already cut and positioned the silver dragon's front leg.
Glad I got this reminder. I was going to show up at 10.
Another painting weekend coming up on the 20th. I assume we start at 10:30 AM again. Hope to see you all there!
Another reminder that the CMPA paint group is this Saturday (20 June), at Total Escape Games in Broomfield, 10:30 - 4-ish. Hope to see any of you there.
[MOD]Please use the full SKU and name of Reaper minis in the titles of your Show Off threads, per forum guidelines. You can find this information on the blister card or in the online store. I also like to give credit to the sculptor in a tag, so people can find their favorites.
As an experiment, this project has been moved to be a bi-monthly challenge last year, that seemed to have worked so until further notice that is our format. The longer time frame theoretically will give less stress to painting, and allow more complex jobs, and more sinister challenges.
If it's not in this list, it counts as 1.
Much like last year, the idea is to help those of us that normally paint VERY little, to start painting more.
If your name is missing, or you believe your count is incorrect, please PM me. Please note: to make counts easier, you must post in the bi-monthly thread.
Due to the delay, there is going to be a normal and hard challenge for each month.
October Bonus: This is Halloween! - Paint a mini using only colors that have black, orange, and purple in the name. You may also use "Fresh Blood" and "Spectral White" as they are part of the monthly promotion.
I've made no secret about my opinions on Games Workshop. Though my painting box is full of their miniatures they were always bought second and sometimes third hand (I never wanted GW to get any of my money). Even my previous Cadians were bought from my local games store that has no affiliation with GW (I also know those sets and blisters came with the business when it was bought almost twenty years ago). Now I find myself in the unique position of building a Cadian army.
My wife and I used to play weekly in D&D Adventure League but with the birth of our first child it looks like that won't be possible (We want to continue gaming at our current store but its a bit of drive and the kid is at the rolling stage so she doesn't want to be held or sit in her seat; she wants to be on the floor and we all know what gameshop floors are like). I've offered to watch the child so she can go or to switch off each week but she only wants to go together. Gaming together has always been part of our relationship, and she doesn't want to lose that. I couldn't agree more, its good to share a hobby with your spouse.
That's when our friends started trying to recruit us to play Warhammer 40K with them. At first I was resistant but our friends get together often to play and in our area its always possible to find a game (Depending on the size it can be played fairly quickly in comparison to D&D too). After some discussion we decided 40K would give me something to paint, but it would also give us both something to play and eventually something to play together.
Which brings us to this new project. Since I figured watching me assemble miniatures would be pretty boring I'm starting this thread right before I prime them. So here is most of my assembled starter set (I've got quite a few cheap sets of bits arriving over the next couple weeks and I'm not exactly sure what unit I'd like to create next so that's why I have so many unfinished figures).
I'm still not a big fan of GW but having an excuse to see our friends more often is pretty nice. In a way we're kinda trading one gaming group for another (that sounds pretty mean but I think you understand what I'm saying).


text:
Free Yangqin for Kontakt by Native Instruments
KONTAKT offers a wide range of instrument presets, which can be useful in many different ways. The sound of bamboo and steel is captured in an intuitive KONTAKT-based instrument that brings you the wonderfully moving tones of a classic Chinese hammered dulcimer.
YANGQIN brings the unmistakable sound of bamboo and steel to modern productions, delivering the beautifully emotive timbres of a traditional Chinese hammered dulcimer.
The yangqin is a unique instrument that captures the spirit of traditional Chinese music. This unique dual-row hammered dulcimer combines authentic sounds recorded in Shenzhen, China with a range of intuitive parameter controls, allowing you to create dynamic melodies that are rich in character. Whether you're new to traditional Asian music or an experienced player looking to expand your sonic palette, the yangqin has something to offer everyone.
With its easy-to-learn interface and wide range of sound effects, this versatile instrument will help you inject your compositions with vibrant rhythms and haunting harmonies that perfectly capture the essence of Chinese culture. So if you're looking to add some authentic flair to your music, be sure to give the yangqin a try!
Using the Yangqin of EAST ASIA
Yangqin Phrases
Yangqin VST Free Download
Yangqin for Kontakt by Native Instruments FAQ
What is Yangqin for Kontakt?
How do I download Yangqin for Kontakt?
What are some of the key features of Yangqin for Kontakt?
Is Yangqin for Kontakt available for free?
How can I learn more about Yangqin for Kontakt?
This brand-new KONTAKT-based instrument combines authentic sounds recorded in China with a range of intuitive parameter controls, so you can create dynamic melodies that are rich in character.
Yangqin for Kontakt by Native Instruments
(IT was) Available for free until January 31st, YANGQIN captures the distinctive sound of bamboo and steel in an intuitive KONTAKT-based instrument, bringing you the wonderfully moving tones of a traditional Chinese hammered dulcimer.
In this walkthrough below Boris Mezga explores some of the instrument's many features and parameter controls and demonstrates how you can use YANGQIN to craft mesmerizing melodies that will elevate any beat to a whole new level.
The Yangqin is a Chinese hammered dulcimer with a history dating back over two thousand years. The instrument is known for its unique sound and ability to produce a wide range of tones, making it a popular choice for both traditional and contemporary music.
The Yangqin offers a comprehensive yet intuitive interface suitable for both intricate performances as well as quick-starting ideas. The instrument's interface and features are divided into five views: Perform, Scale, Mixer, Mapping, and Options, which can be accessed via the Navigation bar visible in the Main View.
Each view provides different options and controls that allow the player to customize the sound of the instrument to their liking. In addition, the Yangqin also comes with a library of pre-recorded sounds and rhythms that can be used to create new and original music.
The YANGQIN contains five control pages, each of which can be accessed from the tabs at the bottom of the instrument's interface. These controls are essential for getting the most out of the instrument, and they can be found in their own chapters in this manual.
Each page offers a different set of controls, and each one is designed to help you get the most out of the instrument.
Navigation Pages:
Perform: Displays the instrument panels and pattern controls, which are the most important parts of a live rhythm section.
Scale: The settings for the scale, notes, ornaments, and other characteristics are all stored here.
Mix: The mixer section of the program is divided into three parts: mixer controls, effects, and settings.
Mapping: The keyboard mapping for the instrument is shown.Options: The GM Scorecard is a powerful and versatile tool that can help you assess your current musical abilities.
YANGQIN is a versatile and highly expressive instrument whose incredible sound and unique design have made it a favorite among musicians around the world. In addition to its beautifully mellow tone, YANGQIN is also renowned for its rich and colorful selection of musical phrases.
These MIDI sequences can be quickly loaded into YANGQIN's phrase engine, allowing you to explore the instrument's rhythmic and melodic possibilities in an intuitive and creative way.
Whether you are looking for inspiration for your own compositions or just want to see what this amazing instrument can do, YANGQIN's phrase library offers an unparalleled resource.
Selecting phrases in the interface is easy and intuitive. The phrase selection window, which is located in the central portion of the interface, displays all of the available phrases that you can choose from.
Each phrase is mapped to a specific octave on the virtual keyboard, making it simple to scroll through and select the desired phrase by simply pressing one of the corresponding keys.
Additionally, each phrase name has an arrow adjacent to it, which you can use to quickly jump to another section of common phrases. With so many options for selecting your desired phrases, making your music truly come alive has never been easier!
This is not about the yangqin plugin or yangqin VST, we are covering the yangqin Kontakt download as part of the yangqin for sale.
The Chinese dulcimer is the sound source for Yangqin, a Kontakt free sample library. It makes use of samples from a Chinese dulcimer as its sound source. The instrument comes with a specialized NI Kontakt user interface that allows users to adjust dynamics, tremolo, decay, and other parameters.
The article discusses the Yangqin, a Chinese hammered dulcimer. It was (now in 2022) available for free and has a range of features and parameter controls that allow you to create dynamic melodies with rich characters.
The video above showcases some of these features and how they can be used to create mesmerizing melodies.
THIS WAS A FREE OFFER IN 2020.
Right now you can download YANGQIN for free, or use the voucher code HOLIDAYGIFT2020 in Native Instruments online shop, AND win an incredible production and performance set.
Yangqin for Kontakt is a brand-new KONTAKT-based instrument that combines authentic sounds recorded in China with intuitive parameter controls. It allows you to create dynamic melodies that are rich in character and bring the unmistakable sound of bamboo and steel to modern productions.
Yangqin for Kontakt can be downloaded from the Native Instruments website using the link and voucher code provided in your purchase confirmation email. Simply enter this information when prompted during the download process. Additionally, many music production forums and communities offer free downloads of Yangqin for Kontakt as well.
Some of the key features and parameters available in Yangqin for Kontakt include dynamic control over timbre, tremolo automation, decay controls, and more. It also comes with a wide range of instrument presets that can be useful in many different ways.
Yes, Yangqin for Kontakt is available for free until January 31st, 2020.
The best way to learn more about Yangqin for Kontakt is to watch the video walkthrough provided by Boris Mezga on the Native Instruments website. Additionally, many music production forums and communities offer helpful tips and tricks for using Yangqin for Kontakt as well.
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text:
Harvard Men's Health Watch
Vitamin E and selenium may not lower risk of dementia
Published: June, 2017
Much research has shown that oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. As a result, antioxidant supplements like vitamin E and selenium have been proposed to prevent dementia. Yet a new study on older men published online March 20, 2017, by JAMA Neurology found no evidence they can help.
The Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease by Vitamin E and Selenium clinical trial included 7,540 men, average age of 67. Over a five-year period, the men were randomly assigned to receive 400 international units of vitamin E each day, 200 micrograms of selenium, both supplements, or a placebo. The supplements were stopped and 3,786 of these men agreed to be followed for an additional six years. They were routinely screened for cognitive problems and encouraged to see their doctor if the results suggested any kind of cognitive impairment.
By the end of the study only 4.4% of the men had developed dementia, but there was no difference in dementia rates between the four supplement groups. However, the researchers pointed out that the results could be different depending on factors like a longer duration or changes in dosages and that more research is needed.
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As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content. Please note the date of last review on all articles. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.
On the brain: The brainy omega-3 fails an Alzheimer's test
Low vitamin D levels associated with dementia
Ask the doctor: Ginkgo biloba for memory: Is it safe?
Skip vitamins, focus on lifestyle to avoid dementia
Dementia rate may be on the decline, major cardiovascular study indicates
Why your gums are so important to your health
Tally up your sugar intake
Too many sweets can harm your heart, even if you aren't overweight. The American Heart Association recommends getting less than 100 calories a day (about 6 teaspoons) of sugar for women, and less than 150 for men. To satisfy your sweet tooth, focus on natural foods like fresh fruit, which provide fiber, vitamins, and nutrients.


text:
Please comment on the selection of alternative fuel vehicles, and fuel saving devices that have been identified as eligible for funding.
The County supports the selection of alternative fuel vehicles including those that are powered by electric, natural gas, and diesel-natural gas. However, the program should be open to supporting any form of alternative fuels or vehicle type that would result in GHG emission reductions. Options such as hybrids, hydrogen gas and fuel cells should also be given consideration in powering vehicles. By allowing a wider selection of alternative fuels, it can create industry capacity to implement these alternative fuels that will result in higher funding towards research & development and reduction in overall costs.
Will the incentive values proposed support and promote adoption? How appropriate are the percentages and funding caps proposed for the incremental costs for each supported vehicle fuel type or fuel saving device?
The incentive allocation is adequate and will result in making the difference between a financially infeasible project and feasible one. This result can be demonstrated with Oxford County's existing fleet data and the County's purchase of two dedicated CNG tandem plow trucks. Based on current estimates, a CNG tandem snow plow truck's incremental cost is approximately $45,000 over a conventional truck. Taking mileage savings into consideration, the County is expecting a 10.5 year payback. If a 30% incentive is implemented based on the proposal highlighted in the GCVP then the payback period would reduce to 7.3 years.
Are there any potential barriers to successful uptake of the program as designed?
Potential barriers of this incentive program would be the lack of alternative fueling stations or limited knowledge of known stations. For example, the Electric Vehicle Incentive Program (EVIP) is complemented by the Electric Vehicle Charing Incentive Program (EVCIP). A similar approach should be taken with the GCVP where alternative fueling stations are given an incentive. Otherwise, this incentive program may cause an excess demand of alternative fueling stations. It would also be recommended that the MTO build on the Electric Vehicle Chargers Ontario map with adding alternative fueling stations.
APPLICATION AND FUNDING PROCESS
Are the eligibility requirements realistic and achievable?
The County of Oxford agrees with the proposed eligibility requirements and believe them to be realistic and achievable.
Is a process where dealer/vendors apply for the rebate on behalf of purchasers preferred? Are there any issues with this approach?
The approach of utilizing dealers/vendors for applying for incentives on the behalf of the purchasers is the preferred method of choice. This approach would reduce the number of applicants and streamline the process. If purchasers were only given the rights to apply for the incentive then they would be required to comprehend the application process which may lead to higher incomplete applications. By allowing dealer/vendors to complete the incentive application, the chances of a fully complete application are higher, it will reduce additional work on the MTO, and incentives will have a lower lead time.
Where fleet vehicles already have telematics devices on board, could this electronic data be shared, both for baseline and funded vehicles, in order to facilitate documentation of GHG reductions?
The County of Oxford would be willing to share information that will benefit in the progress of reducing GHG emissions. Oxford County vehicles are equipped with Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and would be able to provide baseline and funded vehicle information.
Are there any considerations or concerns regarding data privacy?
The County of Oxford will provide data requests in order to maintain compliance with the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, R.S.O. 1990.
Should other types of data be collected in the context of GHG emission reductions?
Other data types to consider will depend on the industry in which the funding vehicle operates. In the case of a municipality, it would be beneficial for the MTO to record local snow fall associated with snow plows that receive funding. Similar to heating a building, snow plow usage will vary from season to season and it is important capture parameters that significantly influence GHG emissions. This approach would allow the province to truly understand if GHG emissions are being reduced.
INNOVATION PILOT
What type of pilot projects could be funded under this category?
This section can allow new devices and vehicles utilizing an alternative fuel to be incentivized. It will encourage ideas to move from research to commercialization and act as a hub for providing up-to-date knowledge on latest innovative ideas in the transportation sector.
What are some future trends that you believe will have an impact on the commercial transportation sector?
The County of Oxford will continually move towards reducing GHG emissions and will always consider alternative fuel sources to power fleet vehicles. This approach is solidified within the County's Strategic Plan - A County that is Well Connected and our goal of achieving 100% Renewable Energy by 2050. The County will continue to support the government of Ontario in their endeavour to mitigate climate change.


Do you have an individual, group or community in mind as you begin a labyrinth? How do they benefit from your experience?
Observe your conscious ways of sharing by thinking of others in your walk today.
I have always been drawn to labyrinth but when i lost my husband of 36 years to Esophageal cancer only 6 weeks from diagnosis I was devastated. A friend invited me to a labyrinth walk at here church and I went and found peace for the first time since his loss.
I found that my walking and creating labyrinths I was able to start healing and in my healing I am able to bring labyrinths to others to help them. I have created a 12 foot canvas labyrinth and about 15 lap labyrinths in the last year that I take different places to allow others the chance to experience the life changing powers of the labyrinth.
I have been taking my labyrinths to parks, the library and just last week to a Metaphysical shop so people can experience them.
I also will be offering Make Your own Labyrinth classes so others can have a labyrinth at home to use.
I am seeing labyrinths in so much of life now. I am learning to look at life as a metaphor and how the labyrinth mirrors that in many ways. I try to get people together at least once a month for a labyrinth walk.
Meditation isn't a great mystery or something that confounds. It is the simple act of being fully available to the task at hand. It is being all in and single purposed in what you are compelled to do. It isn't sitting and chanting, but it can be. It isn't a practice, yet it can be to develop and acquaint one's self with one's self more proficiently. To be meditative means to surrender anything that isn't part of what you are doing and being entirely focused. Dancing, painting, writing, creating, and playing are simple forms of being in the meditative space. Being in love can be meditative as we give ourselves wholly into the experience. It isn't just mindfulness, it is full beingness and when we can be present with everything, we can then begin to understand a fuller capacities.
Devoting a time in the day when all else goes away and the footsteps make a light sound to feel the impact of the ground… it is a moment to feel the function of the body and the release of the busy mind to appreciate the feeling and intuitive one. When one can simply fall in love with the experience, the moments become magical and appreciative.
Surrender your steps and observe what you fall into along the path way today.
Making a design is a great way to walk from inside the design until it is completed.
Observe what comes outside of your inside in the walk today.
The fun is where we find it. Last month when playing with Mom's cereal, we had a wonderful time creating a number of labyrinth designs. This was inspired by the cereal's package, which Mom thought was a labyrinth.
Time for a little Cheeri-O!
Play I Spy today and notice what you can change in your environment to suit your needs with a little amusement.
Happy Thanksgiving! It is a day for thanks and giving to foster the rest of the days to be of similar praise.
Each walk is one of gratitude, even when we don't seem to realize it. Creating, discovering, or finding a familiar path is the first gratitude. Without its being there, we would not walk the path…and we have gratitude. Coming to the walk, arrives in listening to our inner voice and how it calls us to walk. Honoring that is something to be thankful for. Walking it and allowing for the paths to provide is yet another great and fullness of the labyrinth. Being fast, slow or somewhere in between is our presence on the labyrinth and noticing it is another gift we are appreciative of. Observance itself is a part of our being, though a skill that grows with use and our practice is another gratitude we can enjoy. Completing our walk brings a sense of accomplishment and with that a natural self appreciation too.
No matter how you walk, there is a great sense of appreciation, thankfulness and gratitude that accompanies the labyrinth discovered by those who walk and share it.
As the world is in constant change and flow, I find the labyrinth a place to accept the flow of my energy as an individual on it, though the labyrinth structure remains the same. It represents the steady and true to our understanding as it sits waiting for use and performs with the same parameters of stillness each time. I am one factor that creates change. The labyrinth doesn't really change, I do.
The others who walk it do the same, bringing their energy to the experience and maybe leaving something behind. It makes me consider who walked before me and who walks after as a result.
As everything that is used, shows its wear, the labyrinth change is subtle. The stones may move or roll away, the design may shift, paint can fade and marks appear on its surface. It holds a place for all of us and contains the energy of what we have infused it with. A labyrinth that looks old or care worn, is a labyrinth that has much to tell us.


AC1200 High Power WiFi Range Extender boosts your existing network range and speed, delivering AC dual band WiFi up to 1200Mbps. The 700mW high-power design provides ultimate range, while the dual core processor enables maximum WiFi performance. It works with any standard WiFi router and is ideal for very large homes and frustration free HD video streaming and gaming. Connect up to 5 wired devices like Blu-ray® players, game consoles, smart TVs or streaming players to your WiFi network. Wirelessly share & access USB storage connected to the USB 3.0 port.
Have a question about the NETGEAR Netgear EX6200 AC1200 Dual Band WiFi Range Extender?


text:
SouldCloud
TODAY IN MUSIC
1964 | The Rolling Stones self-titled debut album started a 12-week run at No.1 on the UK charts. The album spent a total of 51 weeks on the UK chart.
1978 | Kate Bush was on the UK charts with her debut album 'The Kick Inside'. The album which featured the singers No.1 hit 'Wuthering Heights' peaked at No.3 spent a total of 70 weeks on the UK chart.
1980 | Joy Division played what would be their last gig with singer Ian Curtis when they appeared at Birmingham University, England. Curtis committed suicide two weeks later.
1989 | English rock band the Stone Roses released their self titled debut album on Silvertone Records. In 2008, it was named the fifth "greatest British album ever" by a Q magazine/HMV poll. The album has now sold over 4 million copies worldwide.
1991 | The video for the R.E.M. song 'Losing My Religion', was banned in Ireland because its religious imagery was seen as unfit for broadcast.
1998 | Japanese rock star Hideto Matsumoto was found hanged in the bathroom at his Tokyo apartment and died in hospital a short time later at the age of 33. His funeral, held on May 7th, was attended by over 70,000 people and required 100 police officers, 170 security guards, police boats and helicopters. 21 people were hospitalised for injuries caused by the massive crowd at his funeral.
2004 | Total Guitar magazine's readers voted Guns N' Roses' anthem 'Sweet Child O' Mine' as the greatest guitar riff ever ahead of Nirvana's grunge anthem 'Smells Like Teen Spirit'.
2013 | Jeff Hanneman, founding member of rock band Slayer, died at the age of 49.
1945 | Goldy McJohn, from Steppenwolf who had the 1969 US No.2 hit single 'Born To Be Wild'.
1946 | American singer, songwriter, actress and activist, Lesley Gore, who had the 1963 US No.1 & UK No.9 single 'It's My Party', (which was produced by Quincy Jones).
1962 | Alain Johannes multi-instrumentalist, producer and vocalist, who has worked with Queens of the Stone Age, Them Crooked Vultures, Chris Cornell, and Arctic Monkeys.
1985 | English singer, songwriter Lily Allen who had the 2006 UK No.1 single 'Smile', and the 2006 UK No.2 album Alright, Still which sold over 2.6 million copies.
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Designed for a woman's anatomy, wider and shorter calf areas custom heat moulded shell and liner with Thinsulate for insulation in the foot area, A ski all day boot with comfort and precision, a big smile boot.
Designed for the specific demands of women. Strong, agile and light with a bite. Grips on piste and floats in powder. Smooth, strong and stylish. A bright, sporty all mountain ski.


text:
<?php

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     add_filter('mce_buttons_2', 'register_button_gmap');
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}

function register_button_gmap($buttons) {
   array_push($buttons, "gmap");
   return $buttons;
}

function add_plugin_gmap($plugin_array) {
   $plugin_array['gmap'] = get_template_directory_uri().'/framework/tinymce/gmap.js';
   return $plugin_array;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Match records with a combination of regex and lookup I want to match personal records between two tables using the following logic:

*

*Regex match on last name up to minor variations - summarized by the following regex for a given last name: grepl("LNAME( .r|-| [ivx]|.*)", last_name, ignore.case = TRUE).
The function fuzzyjoin::regex_*_join was suggested, but I'm not sure how to use it if the name isn't static...?

*Match on first name based on the nicknames list. So basically matching all names in nicknames[[fname]] or just fname if that is empty. Should not be case-sensitive as well.

*Exact match on city, not case-sensitive.
Right now I'm just iterating through df1 and implementing this logic by hand, but my data set is large and it's taking way too long, plus the manual implementation doesn't lend itself to parallelization, which is a concern as I willwant to optimize this in the future. There has to be a smarter way of doing this.
Example data:
df1 <- tibble("lname1"=c("SMITH","BLACK","MILLER"),
              "fname1"=c("JOHN","THOMAS","JAMES"),
              "city"=c("NEW YORK","LOS ANGELES","SEATTLE"),
              "id1"=c("aaaa","bbbb","cccc"),
              "misc1"=c("bla","ble","bla"))

df2 <- tibble("lname2"=c("Smith Jr.","Black III","Miller-Muller","Smith"),
              "fname2"=c("Jon","Tom","Jamie","John"),
              "city"=c("New York","Los Angeles","Seattle","New York"),
              "id2"=c("1111","2222","3333","4444"),
              "misc2"=c("bonk","bzdonk","boom","bam"))

nicknames <- list("john"=c("john","jon","johnny"),
                  "thomas"=c("thomas","tom","tommy"),
                  "james"=c("james","jamie","jim"))

Expected output:
expected_output <- tibble("id1"=c("aaaa","aaaa","bbbb","cccc"),
                          "id2"=c("1111","4444","2222","3333"),
                          "lname1"=c("SMITH","SMITH","BLACK","MILLER"),
                          "fname1"=c("JOHN","JOHN","THOMAS","JAMES"),
                          "lname2"=c("Smith Jr.","Smith","Black III","Miller-Muller"),
                          "fname2"=c("Jon","John","Tom","Jamie"),
                          "city"=c("New York","New York","Los Angeles","Seattle"),
                          "misc1"=c("bla","bla","ble","bla"),
                          "misc2"=c("bonk","bam","bzdonk","boom"))

# A tibble: 4 x 9
  id1   id2   lname1      fname1 lname2        fname2 city        misc1 misc2
  <chr> <chr> <chr>       <chr>  <chr>         <chr>  <chr>       <chr> <chr>
1 aaaa  1111  SMITH       JOHN   Smith Jr.     Jon    New York    bla   bonk
2 aaaa  4444  SMITH       JOHN   Smith         John   New York    bla   bam
3 bbbb  2222  BLACK       THOMAS Black III     Tom    Los Angeles ble   bzdonk
4 cccc  3333  MILLER      JAMES  Miller-Muller Jamie  Seattle     bla   boom

EDIT:
This is as far as I got. Spent the past few hours trying to get the last step done but I can't. I have this:
df <- tibble("fname1"=c("JOHN","JOHN","JOHN"),
             "lname1"=c("SMITH","SMITH","SMITH"),
             "fname2"=c("FRANK","JOHN","BILL"),
             "lname2"=c("SMITH","SMITH","SMITH"),
             "city"=c("NEW YORK","NEW YORK","NEW YORK"))

nicknames_df <- tibble(fname = names(nicknames), nick = paste0("^(", sapply(nicknames, paste, collapse = "|"), ")$"))

>df
# A tibble: 3 x 5
  fname1 lname1 fname2 lname2 city
  <chr>  <chr>  <chr>  <chr>  <chr>
1 JOHN   SMITH  FRANK  SMITH  NEW YORK
2 JOHN   SMITH  JOHN   SMITH  NEW YORK
3 JOHN   SMITH  BILL   SMITH  NEW YORK

>nicknames_df
# A tibble: 3 x 2
  fname  nick
  <chr>  <chr>
1 john   ^(john|jon|johnny)$
2 thomas ^(thomas|tom|tommy)$
3 james  ^(james|jamie|jim)$

Expected output:
> out
# A tibble: 1 x 5
  fname1 lname1 fname2 lname2 city
  <chr>  <chr>  <chr>  <chr>  <chr>
1 JOHN   SMITH  JOHN   SMITH  NEW YORK

How do I join it with nicknames df to get just the 2nd row?!
out <- df %>% fuzzyjoin::regex_left_join(nicknames_df, ???)

A: fuzzyjoin::regex_right_join(
  df2, df1, by = c(lname2 = "lname1"),
  ignore_case = TRUE)
# # A tibble: 4 x 10
#   lname2        fname2 city.x      id2   misc2  lname1 fname1 city.y      id1   misc1
#   <chr>         <chr>  <chr>       <chr> <chr>  <chr>  <chr>  <chr>       <chr> <chr>
# 1 Smith Jr.     Jon    New York    1111  bonk   SMITH  JOHN   NEW YORK    aaaa  bla
# 2 Smith         John   New York    4444  bam    SMITH  JOHN   NEW YORK    aaaa  bla
# 3 Black III     Tom    Los Angeles 2222  bzdonk BLACK  THOMAS LOS ANGELES bbbb  ble
# 4 Miller-Muller Jamie  Seattle     3333  boom   MILLER JAMES  SEATTLE     cccc  bla

I didn't want to assume any resolution for city.x vs city.y; while it's clear visually that they're good, I'll let you work through that.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Social media has become mainstream and as someone said: every media becoming social. I always think some brands and their attitudes to social media, content marketing, management. It is clear from every angle, except from view, that most brands are overlooking the "social" in front of the social media. This is what sets social media apart from other kinds of media. To excel in social media, you begin with cultivating a social media mindset. Most have not understood what this platform offers.
All that we are currently doing is majorly titled toward social media abuse which is based on advertising and shameless ego promotion. This affects corporate brands more though.
Most have concentrated mainly on mainstream traditional media. They have neglected or can we say they are unaware that the only way to survive in this time is a two-way communication media which embraces not only the traditional but online media platform. As we know, the current trend today is for brands to first learn about their brides-customers, get their attention through the use of social media platforms like blogging, Youtube, Xing, Facebook, Del.ici.ous, Bookmarking, RSS, Podcasting, videocasting, Wikis among many other available online media.


text:
Revising 'Scotland's…
Revising 'Scotland's National Performance Framework': briefing update
Date: 13th May 2014
Category: Basic Health and Welfare
Author: ScotLink
This briefing is offered as a contribution to the current review of the National Performance Framework, and is the result of collaboration between some of Scotland's leading civil society organisations.
The National Performance Framework (NPF) was set out in 2007 as a 10 year vision, reflecting priorities for Scotland as outlined in Manifesto commitments, the Government Economic Strategy, Programme for Government and Spending Review documents. It is a single framework to which all public services in Scotland are aligned, to help encourage more effective partnership working.
Find out more about the National Performance Framework here.
This briefing represents a current review of the National Performance Framework and the Scotland Performs process (and website) through which the Framework is linked to indicators and progress is reported. It updates the briefing published in September 2011 in light of progress and developments in the intervening two years.
Download the 2014 briefing here.
Access the Scotland Performs website here.
Within the NPF, national wellbeing is covered through a wide range of social and environmental indicators and targets including mental wellbeing, income distribution and carbon emissions as well as economic growth. These indicators reflect some of the children's rights as enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). For example, the UNCRC promotes the right of all children to the highest attainable standard of health which takes into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution (Article 24) and the right to a standard of living adequate for the child's physical, mental and social development (Article 27). All jurisdictions in the UK are obliged to take forward the rights enshrined in the UNCRC to ensure that all children and young people have their rights realised.
Briefings & Resources
State of Childrens Rights reports
Together's Briefings
Consultations and Responses
UNCRC 2020 Webinars
UNCRC 2017 seminars
Children's Rights Infographics
Human Rights Taskforce 2021


A fair hearing is a chance for you to tell us the reasons you think your child should have a Medicaid service you asked for but did not get. You can ask for a hearing within 90 days of the date of the letter that said you could not get the service. You can ask for a fair hearing by calling your child's Medicaid medical plan (or dental plan if the problem is with a dental service).
After we get your phone call or letter, a hearing officer will send you a letter. The letter will tell you the date and time of the hearing. It also will tell you what you need to know to get ready for the hearing. The hearing can take place by phone or in person.
You can explain why you asked for the service that your child didn't get. You can speak for yourself or you can ask someone else to speak for you. This could be a friend, a family member, or a lawyer. The hearing officer will listen to what you have to say. The hearing officer also will listen to the reasons why you were told your child couldn't get the service. You can ask questions about these reasons. The hearing officer might ask you some questions. A final decision will be made within 90 days from the date you asked for the hearing.


text:
Q: Hide Done Backlog Items on TFS Task Board Many of our development teams don't work in conventional sprints, since their work is delivered on an ad-hoc basis. To accommodate these teams in the portfolio, we created a single sprint for them with no iteration dates in TFS 2013.
However, I've noticed that PBIs aren't removed from the Task Board when their status is set to Done. This creates a scenario on the task board where we have an increasing number of done tasks, and we will eventually arrive at a state where we can't display all our work on the task board due to the item limit.
Is there a way to prevent PBIs in the "Done" state from appearing on the task board? (Note that I'm specifically referring to the Task Board, not the backlog.)


text:
KazoDaily
Have pen. Will travel.
About Me – Resumé
My Reddit
Kazolias October 13, 2007 Economy, France, News, Opinion, Politics
Thierry Breton take 2: double standards in the French Justice system
On Harry Truman's desk was a sign which read "The Buck Stops Here". Is it just an American thing to believe that those at the top are ultimately responsible for what their organizations and people do? In France, "passing the buck" seems to be the motto.
Mr. I-didn't-know-anything-didn't–do-anything-wrong Thierry Breton is sticking to his story even though more and more revelations seem to indicate he is a big liar.
Even though he was Minister of Finance at the time, he refutes any responsibility in the EADS scandal where top managers and major investors sold stock options and shares at high prices just before it was announced Airbus would suffer major delays in delivering the A-380 super jumbo jet. The white collar crooks made millions upon millions on what seems clearly to be an insider-trading scandal just before the stock lost 26%.
As Minister of Finance, Breton was guardian of the 15% French government stake in EADS and ultimately responsible for the way government money was being used. Does this not make him responsible for the fact that the French government bought half the stock of Arnauld Lagardere, a long-time friend of President Sarkozy, for at least 126-million euros in losses for the French tax-payer? Apparently not.
As Administrator and Auditor at Rhodia from 1998 to 2000, Breton claims he know nothing about cooking the books which, when the news of Rhodia's financial liabilities was announced, led the price of shares to fall from 21 euros, eventually leveling out at one euro. Breton was paid three million euros for his job and moved on to become President of France Telecom.
Would, Arthur Anderson, the convicted auditor of Enron, not like such an excuse? Jeffrey Skilling, who received 24 years in prison and Kenneth Lay who had the good grace to die from a heart attack before sentencing both claimed they knew nothing about Enron's fraudulent book-keeping. Guilty!
It is not just because "the buck stops" at the top. It is also because they did know. And Thierry Breton must have known of the insider trading at EADS between November 2005 and March 2006.
Even if we could plausibly admit (which I do not) that as head of France Telecom he knew nothing about price fixing with the other cell phone operators, is he not ultimately responsible? How could he not have known? Cell phones were the fastest growing and most lucrative market at the time.
Perhaps not enough American white-collar crooks go to jail, but they do go to jail. In France the tendency is to bury the case and sue the company, not the managers. France Telecom received the biggest fine ever for the price fixing scandal which meant that, as a largely French government owned company at the time, the tax-payer had to foot the bill.
Politicians get off too so Breton has twice the chance to stay free. Jacques Chirac refuses to answer questions about financial mis-dealings under his management as Mayor of Paris and President. Former Foreign Minister Roland Dumas was let off from the ELF petroleum company embezzlement scandal. He just accepted the gifts, while his girlfriend, who gave him the gifts, received 18 months. The list is too long.
It is better to be rich and in good health than poor and ill.
This summer the new National Assembly voted President Sarkozy's get tough on crime bill imposing minimum sentences for repeat-offenders. This week a man was sentenced to two-years in prison for stealing ten euros from an old lady. The man shares 380 euros in monthly welfare with his mother. A homeless man got two-years for stealing an umbrella from a car. A former heroine addict who found a job, a place to live and a girl-friend (obvious attempts at reinsertion) received four-years for buying a bar of cannabis.
Judge Eric Halphen says Justice is "clement towards the powerful". Halphen used to be a major corruption investigating magistrate. Chirac's government put Halphen in charge of indemnities for people who suffered road accidents to get him out of the way. Sarkozy will probably keep him there. The new president wants to make it harder to press charges against white-collar criminals by reducing to three years the time allowed for the case to be made from the time the crime was committed instead of three years from its discovery.
Halphen says "You cannot be both for tolerance zero towards common law criminals and favor impunity towards bosses and politicians." Apparently, in France, you can.
In the 1980's the French political class invented the term "responsible but not guilty" after they knowingly allowed haemophiliacs and others to receive Aids tainted blood because they did not want to buy an American made test. The delay until a French test was ready led to thousands of deaths. Then Socialist Prime Minister Laurent Fabius and the Minister of Health Georgina Dufoix got off free as larks.
Thierry Breton will certainly be called back to parliament for new testimony to find out who is lying in the EADS scandal. He would be better advised to change his story from "I did not know" to "I don't recall." After all, it kept former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales out of jail … for the time being.
Posted in Economy, France, News, Opinion, Politics. Bookmark the permalink.
Ben Stansel	 on March 1, 2011 at 23:31
Wanted to know if you had anything else on Thierry Breton, especially any stock-options that he might have gotten through his employment at Thomson then France Telcom?
kazodaily	 on March 2, 2011 at 05:23
If I find the time I could dig up some of the material. It has all been in the French press. But my blog is a misnomer. I should call it kazo-when-ever-I-can. Thanks for your interest. I will try to find the references.
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Will Thierry Breton ever get his day in court…and go to jail?
Urinating here is unethical


Личный Дробитель, (Хоггер для старичков) станет вашим личным питомцем! С Хоггером связано множество шуток, поверий и мифов. Более подробно о нем можно почитать здесь: Дробитель. Станет доступен, в качестве награды за Победа в Хилсбраде для Орды, и Победа в Хилсбраде для Альянса. Достижения можно будет получить во время празднования 10-ого юбилея World of Warcraft, за победу на праздничном поле боя "Южнобережье против Мельницы Таррен"
Дробишка планировался как подарок во время празднования 10-ой годовщины World of Warcraft , но позже его убрали, чтобы добавить в следующих патчах.
В патче 6.1 можно будет получить его после покупки LIL' HOGGER - $30.00 / ~2067 руб (зависит от курса доллара) / ~27€.
Вообщем нельзя на данный момент получить нашего Дробишку. Не за великий подвиг и не за счёт плюшевой игрушки.
Накануне MMO-Champion опубликовал информацию о том, что Хогса дадут за победу на БГ «Южнобережье против Мельницы Таррен». Комьюнити-менеджер Bashiok назвал эти данные устаревшими.
«Питомца не будут давать в награду за то достижение (H / A), и мы скорректируем это в следующем PTR-патче. Мы еще не решили, можно ли его будет вообще получить и откуда», — написал Bashiok на форуме.
Прояснить ситуацию пришлось из-за того, что игрокам показалось странным давать питомца за победу на редком БГ, которое не планируют возвращать в игру, и сообщать об этом пост-фактум.
В новом обновлении 6.2 этот питомец будет доступен для получения уже на ярмарке Новолуния.
Всё что от вас потребуется - набрать 45 очков в игре Гноллобой. За это вы получите достижение Гноллам - бой! и Дробишку как награду.
A mini hogger for 10 years? I don't know... I'm not usually one to be ungrateful, Blizz, but I was hoping for something a bit cooler. I mean, we already had a Mini Onyxia in the past, which in my opinion was much more awesome, and the Hogger jokes are so old now I'm just not excited for this.
Just saying, I was hoping for maybe something more memorable for 10 years of Warcraft than Hogger.
Edit: Wow, -5 in 45 minutes for having an opinion. A bit harsh.
Imagine if you could walk through Goldshire with this pet out on Moon Guard and it would just eat any lowbies under the level 13.
If you're desperate to get a Gnoll companion for your adventures and can't wait until the 10th Anniversary, you can obtain Увеличительное стекло Мартара from Туповатый Мартар, who spawns in the mid-eastern side of the Jade Forest. This item will summon a gnoll guardian¹ which has a slight recolor of Hogger's model. It's not Hogger, but it's the next best thing. After Hogs is available, you'll be able to have both out!
Update: Hogs is currently tied to yet another Achievement, this time, one in the 6.2 PTR, That's Whack!.
We will once again wait, cautiously optimistic, as we see if he's a decoy again.
It's old data. The "Hogs" mini-Hogger pet is not a reward from that achievement, and we'll correct it in the next PTR build. We haven't determined yet if/when he'll be obtainable, or from what source.
Hogs was slated to be a reward from the WoW's 10th Anniversary Achievement . The Пылающий корги is the 10th anniversary pet, now.
Then, this savage, savage creature was to come from an achievement, Победа в Хилсбраде. That Achievement, and it's Alliance equivalent, Победа в Хилсбраде, now instead award the following titles: and .
He was 's a good choice for a companion from the event, and would have savagely helped us in the Savage Lands of Draenor.
You can read the Blizzard blog post about the Anniversary events here.
Will a raid all with hogger pets out have BlizzCon Hogger spawned on them after a wipe?
Now THAT'S an anniversary reward!
What? they are actually giving us something for 2014? The last 4 years they haven't given us anything but the ultra lame 10% more faction for an hour medallion.
Hmm.. There was no mention of this little guy in the 10th Anniversary announcement.
Makes one wonder if he was just a clever decoy or if they have another plan for his implementation!
Hogs will be the free gift that we receive in the mailbox.
The molten corgi will be an award from completing the new LFR version of Molten Core.
I actually feel terrible about that.
Hope this guy will kill random critters....savagely!
Hogs has been removed as a battle pet. He may appear in a later patch.
Being a humanoid type that has Beast, Humanoid, and Critter damage abilities, Hogs is actually pretty darn versatile.
Hogs is now a reward from the Победа в Хилсбраде (H) achievement in 6.1. For some reason this was not announced until long after the event was already over.
Hogs is a reward of Victory in Hillsbrad.
Looks like Hogs is back as a retroactive reward for the anniversary Hillsbrad BG again!
He will be making his appearance in 6.1 if you obtained Победа в Хилсбраде | Охотник за сокровищами before it was no longer obtainable.
This item is a duplicate of Hogs which was unused during the beta. It links to the battle pet Hogs which was also datamined last year and currently states that it is a reward from Victory in Hillsbrad. The reward information is old and has not been updated during the 6.1 PTR.
Some or all of this could be placeholder data. Hogs is an unused pet from the beta and does not show up on the 6.1 PTR pet journal. We already have a Hogs item and Blizzard likes to stick with one item ID for vanity items (see My Special Pet > Heroes pet / Mount > Mystical Runesaber) instead of making multiple ones.
alright, cant wait to get my hogs.
guess more people should do both pvp and pve!
Well it looks like Blizz finally put Hogs somewhere instead of moving him all over the place. For now he's a reward for: Гноллам - бой!
I can't help but feel he should've been named "Lil' Hogger" instead to follow in line of similarly named "Lil" battle pets.
Been waiting for over 11 years. Even though the gnoll models are different from WC III, the dream is about to come true. Ever since of the discovery of the world editor, I created a litle and clumbsy custom campaign of gnolls and murlocs allied against humanity.
Soon I'll be able to team up Hogs with a murloc pet, to bring chaos among the ranks of pet battlers.
Tremble before my might! The gnolls and murlocs shall rule this world!
According to Warcraft Pets, this rare pet has a H/P (1546/314/236) breed.
Too bad he's so tiny, he could easily have double the size. Oh well, guess I'll have to use a magical pet biscuit everytime I summon him.
Why is he so tiny? He should be Пандарен-монах sized, and the axe should have Berserking on it.
After standing still for a short while he will sit down and start sleeping.
Obtained from the Гноллам - бой!, which you get from the Whack-A-Gnoll minigame in the Darkmoon Faire.
It's mainly based around RNG and may take a few tries to complete, depending on how many hoggers you got.
Here is a video guide on grabbing this pet if you're end up having trouble.
Напористый и безжалостный Дробишка с легкостью расправляется с более слабыми противниками.


French scientists have found a way to create human skin rapidly from stem cells, which could potentially save the lives of many burns victims who are vulnerable to infection and currently must wait weeks for a skin graft. They made the breakthrough by creating a patch of human skin on a mouse's back using stem cells.
Skin grafts have traditionally been created from cell cultures taken from the patient — a process that takes three weeks, too long for some patients suffering extensive burns.The new method using stem cells allows hospitals to order human skin as soon as they take in a burns victim.
"What our findings can provide is a way to cover the burns during those three weeks with skin epidermis … produced in that factory and sent to the physician at the moment they receive a severely burned patient," Marc Peschanski, research director at the institute I-Stem, told Reuters Television.


text:
Geographic Constraints Choke Hartford
Tom Condon
When scholar and author Xiangming Chen came to Trinity College several years ago to found the school's Center for Urban and Global Studies, he discovered that not much had been written about Hartford and other mid-sized cities in New England.
He and graduate student Nick Bacon recruited a dozen writers, most but not all academics (I contributed a chapter) and produced a book about Hartford, referencing some other of New England's second-tier cities. "Confronting Urban Legacy — Rediscovering Hartford and New England's Forgotten Cities" (Lexington Books) is just out. If you would like to become better versed about the place where you live, this would be a place to start.
The book covers commerce, education, immigration and sprawl (bad!), among other things. I'll focus on two recurring themes in the city's rise and fall: its manufacturing base and its size.
Hartford was the first major inland settlement in the colonial U.S. and comprised about 87 square miles including what today are the towns of West Hartford, East Hartford and Manchester. Trinity historian Andrew Walsh notes — in a really first-rate chapter — that "just about every significant event or trend in the nation's history has left its mark here."
Not least among them was the U.S. Industrial Revolution. Hartford became an industrial powerhouse. Its factories, along with its banks and insurance companies, made it one of richest cities on the continent in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The city we see today, minus the unfortunate highway incursions, "was largely built from 1870 to 1930 as a manufacturing city where factory workers lived in tight-packed neighborhoods within walking distance of their jobs."
In 1950, there were still 30,000 manufacturing jobs within the city limits. But the rapid erosion of manufacturing jobs over the next 30 years would spell doom. As the factories emptied, the surrounding neighborhoods "slipped further and further into poverty," a problem the city had to deal with largely by itself.
And yet, white-collar jobs increased, though most of those workers were moving out of the city. So in the late 20th century, Walsh writes, Hartford presented a double face to the world — an increasingly poor core city in a fundamentally prosperous metropolitan region."
It's hard to know what might have prevented this; typewriter factories, once a Hartford staple, were going to close whether they were in Hartford, Boston or San Francisco.
For all of its remarkable achievement in the last two centuries, Hartford missed a step that might have made a huge difference — it never had the power to annex adjoining land. The colonial city of 87 square miles became a city of 18 square miles as surrounding communities broke off and incorporated as separate towns.
In 1950, as Jason Rojas and Lyle Wray observe, Hartford was comparable in size to Nashville, Tenn., (22 square miles) and Raleigh, N.C., (11 square miles). By 2000, Nashville was 69 square miles and Raleigh had grown to 473 square miles. Hartford's boundaries hadn't budged and now define the smallest core city in any major metropolitan area in the country, Bacon reports.
The New York architect and planner John Carrere, who authored Hartford's 1912 city plan, assumed Hartford would expand to include the new growth outside its boundaries. A golden opportunity presented itself when the Metropolitan District Commission was created in 1929. The legislature granted the MDC a charter enabling it to perform planning and zoning functions as well as providing water and sewer services.
But the planning part never took hold because of opposition from suburban towns. No one counted on the intense localism, perhaps reflective of the region's Puritan founders, in Connecticut towns.
So Greater Hartford, Rojas and Wray conclude, is a "combination of its core city's extreme smallness and the anarchic subdivision of the rest of the of the region into an absurdly large number of tiny, but politically separate, municipalities."
Many urban problems are inherently regional. Greater Hartford is not structured to deal with much of anything beyond water and sewer on a regional basis. That's a problem. Rojas and Wray offer a bold yet sensible solution, which I will discuss in a future column.
Tom Condon can be reached at tcondon@courant.com.
These CT breweries have added kitchens so you can have pizza, wings, nachos, even cheese, with your beer


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