text:
draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-01.txt
HTTP J. Reschke HTTP J. Reschke
Internet-Draft greenbytes Internet-Draft greenbytes
Updates: 5323 (if approved) A. Malhotra Intended status: Standards Track A. Malhotra
Intended status: Standards Track Expires: 13 May 2022
Expires: 10 December 2021 J.M. Snell J.M. Snell
8 June 2021 9 November 2021
HTTP SEARCH Method The HTTP QUERY Method
draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-01 draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-02
This specification updates the definition and semantics of the HTTP This specification defines a new HTTP method, QUERY, as a safe,
SEARCH request method originally defined by RFC 5323. idempotent request method that can carry request content.
Editorial Note Editorial Note
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this draft takes place on the HTTP working group Discussion of this draft takes place on the HTTP working group
mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org), which is archived at mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org), which is archived at
https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/. https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/.
Working Group information can be found at https://httpwg.org/; source Working Group information can be found at https://httpwg.org/; source
code and issues list for this draft can be found at code and issues list for this draft can be found at
https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/labels/safe-method-w-body. https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/labels/safe-method-w-body.
The changes in this draft are summarized in Appendix A.1. The changes in this draft are summarized in Appendix A.2.
Status of This Memo Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 10 December 2021. This Internet-Draft will expire on 13 May 2022.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text
as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. SEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. QUERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. The "Accept-Search" Header Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1. Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. The "Accept-Query" Header Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1. Simple SEARCH with a Direct Response . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. Simple SEARCH with indirect response (303 See Other) . . 6 4.1. Simple QUERY with a Direct Response . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. Simple QUERY with indirect response (303 See Other) . . . 6
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Appendix A. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Appendix A. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
A.1. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-00 . . . . . 8 A.1. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-00 . . . . . 8
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A.2. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-01 . . . . . 8
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
This specification updates the HTTP SEARCH method originally defined This specification defines the HTTP QUERY request method as a means
in [RFC5323]. of making a safe, idempotent request that contains content.
Many existing HTTP-based applications use the HTTP GET and POST
methods in various ways to implement the functionality provided by
Using a GET request with some combination of query parameters
included within the request URI (as illustrated in the example below)
is arguably the most common mechanism for implementing search in web
applications. With this approach, implementations are required to
parse the request URI into distinct path (everything before the '?')
and query elements (everything after the '?'). The path identifies
the resource processing the query (in this case 'http://example.org/
feed') while the query identifies the specific parameters of the
search operation.
A typical use of HTTP GET for requesting a search Most often, this is desirable when the data conveyed in a request is
too voluminous to be encoded into the request's URI. For example,
while this is an common and interoperable query:
GET /feed?q=foo&limit=10&sort=-published HTTP/1.1 GET /feed?q=foo&limit=10&sort=-published HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org Host: example.org
if the query parameters extend to several kilobytes or more of data
it may not be, because many implementations place limits on their
size. Often these limits are not known or discoverable ahead of
time, because a request can pass through many uncoordinated systems.
Additionally, expressing some data in the target URI is inefficient,
because it needs to be encoded to be a valid URI.
While there are definite advantages to using GET requests in this Encoding query parameters directly into the request URI also
manner, the disadvantages should not be overlooked. Specifically: effectively casts every possible combination of query inputs as
distinct resources. Depending on the application, that may not be
* Without specific knowledge of the resource and server to which the desirable.
GET request is being sent, there is no way for the client to know
that a search operation is being requested. Identical requests
sent to two different servers can implement entirely different
semantics.
* Encoding query parameters directly into the request URI
effectively casts every possible combination of query inputs as
distinct resources. For instance, because mechanisms such as HTTP
caching handle request URIs as opaque character sequences, queries
such as 'http://example.org/?q=foo' and
'http://example.org/?q=Foo' will be treated as entirely separate
resources even if they yield identical results.
* While most modern browser and server implementations allow for
long request URIs, there is no standardized minimum or maximum
length for URIs in general. Many resource constrained devices
enforce strict limits on the maximum number of characters that can
be included in a URI. Such limits can prove impractical for large
or complex query parameters.
* Query expressions included within a request URI must either be
restricted to relatively simple key value pairs or encoded such
that the query can be safely represented in the limited character-
set allowed by URL standards. Such encoding can add significant
complexity, introduce bugs, or otherwise reduce the overall
visibility of the query being requested.
As an alternative to using GET, many implementations make use of the As an alternative to using GET, many implementations make use of the
HTTP POST method to perform queries, as illustrated in the example HTTP POST method to perform queries, as illustrated in the example
below. In this case, the input parameters to the search operation below. In this case, the input parameters to the search operation
are passed along within the request payload as opposed to using the are passed along within the request payload as opposed to using the
request URI. request URI.
A typical use of HTTP POST for requesting a search A typical use of HTTP POST for requesting a search
POST /feed HTTP/1.1 POST /feed HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
q=foo&limit=10&sort=-published q=foo&limit=10&sort=-published
This variation, however, suffers from the same basic limitation as This variation, however, suffers from the same basic limitation as
GET in that it is not readily apparent -- absent specific knowledge GET in that it is not readily apparent -- absent specific knowledge
of the resource and server to which the request is being sent -- that of the resource and server to which the request is being sent -- that
a search operation is what is being requested. Web applications use a safe, idempotent query is being performed.
the POST method for a wide variety of uses including the creation or
modification of existing resources. Sending the request above to a
different server, or even repeatedly sending the request to the same
server could have dramatically different effects.
The SEARCH method provides a solution that spans the gap between the The QUERY method provides a solution that spans the gap between the
use of GET and POST. As with POST, the input to the query operation use of GET and POST. As with POST, the input to the query operation
is passed along within the payload of the request rather than as part is passed along within the payload of the request rather than as part
of the request URI. Unlike POST, however the semantics of the SEARCH of the request URI. Unlike POST, however, the method is explicitly
method are specifically defined. safe and idempotent, allowing functions like caching and automatic
retries to operate.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here. capitals, as shown here.
2. SEARCH 2. QUERY
The SEARCH method is used to initiate a server-side search. Unlike The QUERY method is used to initiate a server-side query. Unlike the
the HTTP GET method, which requests that a server return a HTTP GET method, which requests that a server return a representation
representation of the resource identified by the target URI (as of the resource identified by the target URI (as defined by
defined by Section 7.1 of [RFCHTTP]), the SEARCH method is used to Section 7.1 of [RFCHTTP]), the QUERY method is used to ask the server
ask the server to perform a query operation (described by the request to perform a query operation (described by the request payload) over
payload) over some set of data scoped to the effective request URI. some set of data scoped to the effective request URI. The payload
The payload returned in response to a SEARCH cannot be assumed to be returned in response to a QUERY cannot be assumed to be a
a representation of the resource identified by the effective request representation of the resource identified by the effective request
URI. URI.
The body payload of the request defines the query. Implementations The body payload of the request defines the query. Implementations
MAY use a request body of any content type with the SEARCH method; MAY use a request body of any content type with the QUERY method,
however, for backwards compatibility with existing WebDAV provided that it has appropriate query semantics.
implementations, SEARCH requests that use the text/xml or
application/xml media types with a root element (Section 2.1 of
[XML]) in the "DAV:" XML namespace ([XMLNS]) MUST be processed per
the requirements established by [RFC5323].
SEARCH requests are both safe and idempotent with regards to the QUERY requests are both safe and idempotent with regards to the
resource identified by the request URI. That is, SEARCH requests do resource identified by the request URI. That is, QUERY requests do
not alter the state of the targeted resource. However, while not alter the state of the targeted resource. However, while
processing a search request, a server can be expected to allocate processing a QUERY request, a server can be expected to allocate
computing and memory resources or even create additional HTTP computing and memory resources or even create additional HTTP
resources through which the response can be retrieved. resources through which the response can be retrieved.
A successful response to a SEARCH request is expected to provide some A successful response to a QUERY request is expected to provide some
indication as to the final disposition of the search operation. For indication as to the final disposition of the operation. For
instance, a successful search that yields no results can be instance, a successful query that yields no results can be
represented by a 204 No Content response. If the response includes a represented by a 204 No Content response. If the response includes
content, it is expected to describe the results of the search content, it is expected to describe the results of the operation. In
operation. In some cases, the server may choose to respond some cases, the server may choose to respond indirectly to the QUERY
indirectly to the SEARCH request by returning a 3xx Redirection with request by returning a 3xx Redirection with a Location header field
a Location header field specifying an alternate Request URI from specifying an alternate Request URI from which the results can be
which the search results can be retrieved using an HTTP GET request. retrieved using an HTTP GET request. Various non-normative examples
Various non-normative examples of successful SEARCH responses are of successful QUERY responses are illustrated in Section 4.
illustrated in Section 4.
The response to a SEARCH request is not cacheable. It ought to be
noted, however, that because SEARCH requests are safe and idempotent,
responses to a SEARCH MUST NOT invalidate previously cached responses
to other requests directed at the same effective request URI.
// By default, that is. We need to figure out under which conditions
// we can make the result cacheable.
The semantics of the SEARCH method change to a "conditional SEARCH" The semantics of the QUERY method change to a "conditional QUERY" if
if the request message includes an If-Modified-Since, If-Unmodified- the request message includes an If-Modified-Since, If-Unmodified-
Since, If-Match, If-None-Match, or If-Range header field ([RFCHTTP], Since, If-Match, If-None-Match, or If-Range header field ([RFCHTTP],
Section 13). A conditional SEARCH requests that the query be Section 13). A conditional QUERY requests that the query be
performed only under the circumstances described by the conditional performed only under the circumstances described by the conditional
header field(s). It is important to note, however, that such header field(s). It is important to note, however, that such
conditions are evaluated against the state of the target resource conditions are evaluated against the state of the target resource
itself as opposed to the collected results of the search operation. itself as opposed to the collected results of the search operation.
3. The "Accept-Search" Header Field 2.1. Caching
The "Accept-Search" response header field MAY be used by a server to The response to a QUERY method is cacheable; a cache MAY use it to
directly signal support for the SEARCH method while identifying the satisfy subsequent QUERY requests as per Section 4 of
specific query format media types that may be used. [HTTP-CACHING]).
Accept-Search = 1#media-type The cache key for a query (see Section 2 of [HTTP-CACHING]) MUST
incorporate the request content. When doing so, caches SHOULD first
normalize request content to remove semantically insignificant
differences, thereby improving cache efficiency, by:
The Accept-Search header field specifies a comma-separated listing of * Removing content encoding(s)
* Normalizing based upon knowledge of format conventions, as
indicated by the any media type suffix in the request's Content-
Type field (e.g., "+json")
* Normalizing based upon knowledge of the semantics of the content
itself, as indicated by the request's Content-Type field.
Note that any such normalization is performed solely for the purpose
of generating a cache key; it does not change the request itself.
3. The "Accept-Query" Header Field
The "Accept-Query" response header field MAY be used by a server to
directly signal support for the QUERY method while identifying the
specific query format media type(s) that may be used.
Accept-Query = 1#media-type
The Accept-Query header field specifies a comma-separated listing of
media types (with optional parameters) as defined by Section 8.3.1 of media types (with optional parameters) as defined by Section 8.3.1 of
[RFCHTTP]. [RFCHTTP].
The order of types listed by the Accept-Search header field is The order of types listed by the Accept-Query header field is
insignificant. insignificant.
4. Examples 4. Examples
The non-normative examples in this section make use of a simple, The non-normative examples in this section make use of a simple,
hypothetical plain-text based query syntax based on SQL with results hypothetical plain-text based query syntax based on SQL with results
returned as comma-separated values. This is done for illustration returned as comma-separated values. This is done for illustration
purposes only. Implementations are free to use any format they wish purposes only. Implementations are free to use any format they wish
on both the request and response. on both the request and response.
4.1. Simple SEARCH with a Direct Response 4.1. Simple QUERY with a Direct Response
A simple query with a direct response: A simple query with a direct response:
SEARCH /contacts HTTP/1.1 QUERY /contacts HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: example/query Content-Type: example/query
Accept: text/csv Accept: text/csv
select surname, givenname, email limit 10 select surname, givenname, email limit 10
Response: Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/csv Content-Type: text/csv
surname, givenname, email surname, givenname, email
Smith, John, john.smith@example.org Smith, John, john.smith@example.org
Jones, Sally, sally.jones@example.com Jones, Sally, sally.jones@example.com
Dubois, Camille, camille.dubois@example.net Dubois, Camille, camille.dubois@example.net
4.2. Simple SEARCH with indirect response (303 See Other) 4.2. Simple QUERY with indirect response (303 See Other)
A simple query with an Indirect Response (303 See Other): A simple query with an Indirect Response (303 See Other):
HTTP/1.1 303 See Other HTTP/1.1 303 See Other
Location: http://example.org/contacts/query123 Location: http://example.org/contacts/query123
skipping to change at page 7, line 21 ¶
skipping to change at page 7, line 7 ¶
5. Security Considerations 5. Security Considerations
The SEARCH method is subject to the same general security The QUERY method is subject to the same general security
considerations as all HTTP methods as described in [RFCHTTP]. considerations as all HTTP methods as described in [RFCHTTP].
6. IANA Considerations 6. IANA Considerations
IANA is requested to update the registration of the SEARCH method in IANA is requested to add QUERY method in the permanent registry at
the permanent registry at <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http- <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-methods> (see Section 16.1.1 of
methods> (see Section 16.1.1 of [RFCHTTP]). [RFCHTTP]).
+=============+======+============+===============+ +=============+======+============+===============+
| Method Name | Safe | Idempotent | Specification | | Method Name | Safe | Idempotent | Specification |
| SEARCH | Yes | Yes | Section 2 | | QUERY | Yes | Yes | Section 2 |
+-------------+------+------------+---------------+ +-------------+------+------------+---------------+
Table 1 Table 1
7. Normative References 7. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC5323] Reschke, J., Ed., Reddy, S., Davis, J., and A. Babich,
"Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)
SEARCH", RFC 5323, DOI 10.17487/RFC5323, November 2008,
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFCHTTP] Fielding, R., Ed., Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke, [RFCHTTP] Fielding, R., Ed., Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke,
Ed., "HTTP Semantics", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, Ed., "HTTP Semantics", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-16, 27 May 2021, draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-19, 10 September 2021,
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics- <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
16>. semantics-19>.
[XML] Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, M., Maler, E., and
F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth
Edition)", W3C Recommendation REC-xml-20081126, 26
November 2008,
<https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/>. Latest
version available at https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/.
[XMLNS] Bray, T., Hollander, D., Layman, A., Tobin, R., and H. [HTTP-CACHING]
Thompson, "Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition)", W3C Fielding, R., Ed., Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke,
Recommendation REC-xml-names-20091208, 8 December 2009, Ed., "HTTP Semantics", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
<https://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/>. draft-ietf-httpbis-cache-19, 10 September 2021,
Latest version available at https://www.w3.org/TR/xml- <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
names/. cache-19>.
Appendix A. Change Log Appendix A. Change Log
This section is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. This section is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
// (see https://trac.tools.ietf.org/tools/xml2rfc/trac/ticket/622)
A.1. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-00 A.1. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-00
* Use "example/query" media type instead of undefined "text/query" * Use "example/query" media type instead of undefined "text/query"
(https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1450) (https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1450)
* In Section 3, adjust the grammar to just define the field value * In Section 3, adjust the grammar to just define the field value
* Update to latest HTTP core spec, and adjust terminology * Update to latest HTTP core spec, and adjust terminology
accordingly (https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/ accordingly (https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/
* Reference RFC 8174 and markup bcp14 terms * Reference RFC 8174 and markup bcp14 terms
* Update HTTP reference (https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/ * Update HTTP reference (https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/
issues/1524) issues/1524)
* Relax restriction of generic XML media type in request body * Relax restriction of generic XML media type in request body
A.2. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-safe-method-w-body-01
* Add minimal description of cacheability
(https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/issues/1552)
* Use "QUERY" as method name (https://github.com/httpwg/http-
extensions/issues/1614)
* Update HTTP reference (https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/
issues/1669)
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Julian Reschke Julian Reschke
greenbytes GmbH greenbytes GmbH
Hafenweg 16 Hafenweg 16
48155 Münster 48155 Münster
Email: julian.reschke@greenbytes.de Email: julian.reschke@greenbytes.de
URI: https://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/ URI: https://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/
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Snipers typically have highly selective and specialized training and use high-precision rifles and optics, and often have sophisticated communication assets to feed valuable combat information back to their units. Besides their main weapon, snipers usually carry a secondary weapon as well.
3A BBICN Exclusive World War Robot WWR 1/6 scale Bot Sniper Punter 12-inch Figure does not have a secondary weapon. He has his main sniper rifle which is HUGE (see earlier post for pictures) and a sidearm which is a revolver.
Punter wears a load bearing vest over his assault vest which also has a belt with additional pouches attached for carrying everything he needs for his mission. Generally, a sniper's primary function in warfare is to provide detailed reconnaissance from a concealed position or "hide site" and, if necessary, to reduce the enemy's fighting ability by striking at high value targets (especially officers, communication and other personnel) and in the process pinning down and demoralizing the enemy.
3A BBICN Exclusive World War Robot WWR 1/6 scale Bot Sniper Punter 12-inch Figure with his boonie hat and without the camouflage ghillie suit looks almost like a cowboy from the wild west, a gunslinger with revolver in hand.
Punter must be thinking "Draw, partner" referring to the whole Western duels / gunfights between cowboys when guns ruled and the law was almost non-existent.
Scroll down to see more close-up shots / pictures and views of this BBICN exclusive figure made in collaboration with 3A and Ashley Wood.
It doesn't matter that this figure does not have a real-like i.e realistic 1/6 scale head sculpt. That's part of the charm of Ashley Wood's creation that is World War Robot or WWR.
It also doesn't matter that the joints are showing because the face has already conveyed to the audience that this is not meant to be ultra-realistic, just something special, a uniquely different figure.
Until next time, hit the road Jack!
NEXT: The fully assembled 3A BBICN Exclusive World War Robot WWR 1/6 scale Bot Sniper Punter 12-inch Figure in his camouflage ghillie suit and armed with his sniper rifle!


A double button design and polka dot pattern provide fun, feminine style to this chic 3/4 sleeve piqué jacket by Anne Klein.
This Anne Klein jacket is decorated with a plaid pattern and features a polished notch lapel to bring professional style to your wardrobe.
Textured for a cozy look and feel, this Anne Klein jacket boasts fringe detail for a standout finish.
Top off any look with the classic denim construction of this must-have jacket. Styled with all the right details, this one-button jacket will be a first-round favorite in your wow-worthy collection.
Detailed with stripes and a tulip hemline, this jacket by Anne Klein delivers chic style for the office.
Calvin Klein's sleek professional style at an unbeatable everyday value. This fully lined two-button jacket features tailored designs with a notch collar and front flap pockets.


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Mother of 2 KIDNAPPED & CAGED as a Slave For 2 Months, Rescued Despite Guns pointed at Her and Her Liberator!
08 Sep, 2014 by	Tiffiny Ruegner
An Indiana woman missing for two months and apparently held as a slave in a cage and forced to wear a dog collar as her only clothing has been found alive, and authorities have arrested a couple in connection with her July disappearance.
Joelle Lockwood, 30, went missing on July 9 and was allegedly kept inside the trailer of 37-year-old Ricky Roy House Jr. and 44-year-old Kendra Tooley where she was made to perform chores while wearing a belt like a dog collar around her neck, naked from the waist down. They have been arrested on preliminary charges of criminal confinement and rape.
Lockwood was allegedly abducted by House after he offered her a ride after a party. Sheriff Oeth said that the two had gone to high school together. At House's suggestion Lockwood agreed to go back to his trailer.
'Once they arrived there, he forced her to stay and confined her,' Oeth said. 'As the investigation is progressing, this looks like there's more of a sexual motive.'
Tooley's ex-husband, Higgs said that he was telephoned by Tooley on Thursday because she needed money from him. He said that when he arrived at the couple's trailer, House brazenly showed him Lockwood inside the cage.
'She had a t-shirt on, and that was it,' said Higgs to WFIE, 'She had a leather belt, like a dog collar on. Every night, they locked her in there. No food, no water.'
He then managed to get Lockwood out of the trailer, allegedly with guns trained on him, although Higgs has not clarified how he got the mother of two out as of Sunday.
'Everybody's calling me a hero,' said Higgs. 'I'm just a pure bred American, that I believe.'
Hopefully this story will teach women to not get intoxicated enough to allow an old acquaintance to walk you into their front door willingly.
UPDATE: I am writing this addendum because people seem to be angry with the way I ended my article. They think I am saying the woman 'dereserved' what she got. NOT AT ALL. Here's a little story so you understand where I'm coming from;
When I was just out of High School I had a really close friend. She was older than I was but we would always go out dancing to clubs. I idolized her because she was beautiful and awesome and protected me from the bad influences at the clubs we would go to. I didn't drink or do drugs and she made sure no guys were allowed to approach me who would try to change that. Even though I was quite naive, my own personal rule was: if I EVER set my water or soda down, I would never return to it. One night we were at a club sitting with some guys we had just met. She was sharing a soda with one of them. When we left that guy came with us. When we got home, she insisted she was going to drop me off first and then take him home. I looked at her and in my mind I screamed 'NO THIS ISN'T RIGHT, I SHOULD GO WITH YOU'. Because she was older and more confident I remained silent. She didn't return until the sun was up. She was a mess. She told me she had woken up in a parking lot with her key broken off in the ignition and her clothing damaged. She had been raped. I carried the guilt of that for about a decade until I realized… she had made her decision to be unsafe. She knew she should not have shared a drink with the guy, we probably shouldn't have been in such a low club and when she left me that night she could have made the decision to bring me along. It was not my friends fault what happened to her, but making herself unsafe was her personal responsibility she chose to yield for the evening. She probably would never have been raped if she made the right decision.
The woman in this story DID NOT deserve what happened to her. But she chose NOT to take safety precautions to protect herself. If she weren't intoxicated she probably would not have gone to the man's single wide because he was married and she would have been anxious to get back home with her family. The biggest disease in our nation is people choosing to give up their personal responsibility and hoping things will come out alright. She yielded her personal responsibility when she chose to get so drunk that someone else took charge over her destiny. The lesson for women here is… go get blind drunk and let your hair down. But ONLY if you have a designated friend who will not allow you out of their site the whole evening as per an agreement with your friend prior to the party. On evenings you don't have a chaperone to protect you… limit yourself to one drink to relax you. And lastly, if your drink is EVER out of your site for a second– NEVER return to it! If you choose to give up your personal responsibility and inhibitions without a secure plan in place, you are also choosing to give up your destiny to terrors possibly worse than what this woman endured.
Tiffiny Ruegner
More articles by Tiffiny Ruegner

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Arab warplanes and warships pounded Houthi positions in Yemen's Hodeidah for a second day on Thursday, as a Saudi-led alliance tried to seize the country's main port in the largest battle of a war that has created the world's worst humanitarian crisis.
"People are scared. The warships are terrifying and warplanes are flying overhead all the time," university student Amina, 22, who lives near the port, told Reuters by telephone. "People are fleeing the city to the countryside, but for those with no relatives there or money, there is no escape."
Capturing Hodeidah, the Houthis' only port, would give the coalition the upper hand in the three-year war. But it also would risk choking a lifeline for Yemenis, most of whom live in Houthi territory.
Despite the fighting, the United Nations is still supplying aid. "We are there and delivering, we are not leaving Hodeidah," said Lise Grande, UN humanitarian coordinator for Yemen.
The Arab states say they will try to keep the port running. Led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, the coalition intervened in Yemen's war in 2015 to restore its internationally recognised government in exile and thwart what they see as an attempt by Iran to expand its influence.
Sunni Muslim Saudi Arabia and Shi'ite Iran are locked in proxy wars in several countries, including Syria and Iraq. The Houthis, from a Shi'ite minority, deny being Iran's pawns and say they took power in a popular revolt and are defending Yemen from invasion.
The UN Security Council is due to meet behind closed doors on Thursday, at the request of Britain, over the offensive. The UN special envoy to Yemen, Martin Griffiths, has said the world body is talking to both sides to de-escalate.
Houthi leader Mohammed Ali al-Houthi has blamed the West for the assault. "The British told us a week ago that the Emiratis and the Saudis had told them they would not enter the battle of Hodeidah without their agreement and assistance."
Coalition spokesman Turki al-Malki has said operation "Golden Victory" aimed to wrest control of the port and airport, but that they would avoid entering the city, where the Houthis have deployed military vehicles and troops.
A military official said the 21,000-strong coalition ground force -- which includes Emiratis, Sudanese and Yemenis drawn from different factions -- was de-mining the coastal strip south of Hodeidah and combing the rural area for Houthis fighters.
The coalition announced a five-point aid plan for the Hodeidah port and surrounding areas, including the establishment of a shipping lane to Hodeidah from the UAE capital, Abu Dhabi, and Jizan, a city in southern Saudi Arabia.


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Q: Spacemacs - Auctex freezes if text in math mode or latex comment exceeds column 80 I have the following issue:
I use Spacemacs to write reports for uni in RNW documents using ESS and Auctex.
Spacemacs automatically wraps lines after column 80 and that works like a charm with plain text. But when I enter math mode such as in
\begin{align} super long math formula that exceeds column 80\end{align}
then Spacemacs freezes, shows 100% CPU usage and I have to abort using C-g.
After using C-g, the part of the math formula that extends beyond column 80 is wrapped as it should be, but all further syntax highlighting is lost. The problem mostly occurs if the math formula starts before column 80 and ends after it. If there are spaces between the individual parts Spacemacs can sometimes wrap without freezing.
I think that the issues has to do with the way Spacemacs/Emacs handles syntax highlighting with long lines since after using C-g with syntax highlighting gone, Spacemacs can wrap the lines just fine.
When I reopen the file syntax highlighting is active again and the problem is back.
Any help greatly appreciated! Spacemacs is a really awesome editor, but this behavior has been bugging me for at least a month and I found not solution yet.
Best

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


College courses online like conventional organizations offer related preparing expected to make a talented individual out of each member of the program. Truth be told, the present pattern is that an ever increasing number of individuals are progressively enrolling for online degree programs with the goal of enhancing their prospects throughout everyday life. In any case, the uplifting news about this choice is that there are heaps of focal points to be picked up also.
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You remain to appreciate various preferences, in the event that you would choose to enroll now. So the ball is in your court, take a prompt from what you would gain from this article and go for the murder. There are loads of other splendid articles written to manage you so don't stop here gather as much data you can.
All things considered, on the off chance that you are an extremely bustling individual that barely possesses energy for yourself and are thinking about going for cutting edge vocation preparing, at that point there are bunches of college courses online that will fulfill your need. The way that you are extremely occupied ought not keep you from moving higher throughout everyday life. Online degree program will bear the cost of you the benefit of acquiring while at the same time learning in the meantime.
Nonetheless, except if you are the sort who is hundred percent of the time occupied so much that you possess no energy for anything aside from your work; I am apprehensive picking any college courses online won't encourage you. Be that as it may, in the event that you have two to four hours to save in multi day, you are a perfect possibility for any online degree program.
Moreover, in the event that you are a mother with children who want a profession change or you want to update your capability, you can likewise pick up from the focal points offered by web based preparing. You just need to enlist with any of the several degree granting establishments on the web and after a short time you are in. Beside watching out for your children you additionally have the benefit of sparing yourself from the worry of voyaging occasionally to class and back.


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picture book biographies
Stories That Remind Kids Your Difference May Be What The World Is Waiting For by Nancy Churnin
I realized recently that I don't feature nonfiction picture books or picture book biographies as often as I do fiction picture books here on the Frog. I have a pretty good excuse. Fiction picture books are what I mostly write and, therefore, what I mostly read. So, it makes sense that fiction is what I would mostly share.
But that doesn't mean there aren't tons of spectacular and inspiring nonfiction picture books, including biographies, out there. Today, I'm thrilled to welcome award winning author Nancy Churnin! Her wonderful books are all about "outsiders, people that the kids don't know that I hope will inspire them — people who are different or think differently and find that it's their different experience or different way of thinking that helps them achieve their dreams and make the world a better place for others."
Read on for more on this important topic and to meet the inspirational people in Nancy's books!
Stories That Remind Kids Your Difference May Be What The World Is Waiting For
by Nancy Churnin
After selling eight picture book biographies – six published, two due out in 2020 – it strikes me that the common experience all these diverse subjects share is that they felt different, which leaves them at the start of their journey feeling as if they don't belong.
Ultimately, through their journey they learn that their difference is their strength – the gift that they bring to the world that makes it more inclusive, that opens the door for others and, ultimately, makes their lives and everyone else's better.
Nancy at Jones Elementary School
The truth of it is, as I tell kids on school visits, is that we are all different. Some of us (I remember feeling this way) go through periods where we wonder if we are aliens, because we feel as if we're wired so differently from everyone else.
Even identical twins are not 100% identical. Too often we waste time being self-conscious about those differences – wishing for straight or curly hair, to be bigger or smaller, to have some admired one's speed, skills, talent in a particular area.
But ultimately, if we embrace rather than agonize over our differences – whether they're physical or emotional or even a different way of thinking or processing the world – we may find that we have the missing ingredient that the world needs.
In The William Hoy Story, How a Deaf Baseball Player Changed the Game, kids learn about a Deaf child who was told he couldn't play baseball because he was Deaf and couldn't hear the umpire's calls. The key to William's story is that his Deafness isn't a disability. In the book, as in life, William is proud of being Deaf.
Image from The William Hoy Story, How a Deaf Baseball Player Changed the Game
Ultimately, William gets the idea of teaching the umpires his language, sign language, for safe and out so he can play the game he loves. Sign language helps break down a wall between the Deaf and the hearing and it makes the game better for everyone because now, even the farthest member of the crowd can see the signs.
It gives me an excuse to teach kids a few simple signs, too, which is always a hit.
In Manjhi Moves a Mountain, we have an ordinary laborer, who sees things differently and is willing to act on his vision to make it come true. Where his neighbors see an impenetrable 300-foot mountain between them and the well-to-do village where there is a school, doctors, work in the fields and markets for food, he envisions a road that cuts through the mountain, making the path easier for everyone.
Image from Manjhi Moves a Mountain
People laugh at him when he trades his only possessions, three goats, for a worn hammer and chisel and starts chiseling the mountain. Twenty-two years later, when the path is completed, they recognize and applaud his heroism, while children see how important it is to hold fast to your dreams and persist in pursuing them even if others tell you they're unattainable.
Like William Hoy and Manjhi, Charlie Sifford, the hero of Charlie Takes His Shot, How Charlie Sifford Broke the Color Barrier in Golf, has an unlikely dream. Charlie grows up in the segregated America of the 1930s-1950s where African Americans were not allowed to play on the PGA Tour. The color of his skin makes him different among golfers. At the same time he knows that he has the opportunity, if he persists, to open the door to make the game possible for everyone to play just as his friend, Jackie Robinson did for everyone who wanted to play Major League Baseball.
Image from Charlie Takes His Shot, How Charlie Sifford Broke the Color Barrier in Golf
Later, in the back matter, kids will learn that Charlie Sifford was the one who opened the door that golf superstar Tiger Woods walked through. I also like to share with kids that Tiger Woods named one of his children Charlie in his honor.
In Irving Berlin, the Immigrant Boy Who Made America Sing, Irving Berlin didn't excel at school. But he had the unusual ability to process the world through sounds. And nothing could stop him from writing the music he heard in his head and pounded in his heart. He was an immigrant, he grew up in poverty and he never learned to read music. He taught himself to pick out tunes on an old piano. Later, he hired a pianist to write the notes for the music in his head.
Image from Irving Berlin, the Immigrant Boy Who Made America Sing
He used his gifts not only to enrich America musically, by creating songs we still love today, but by dedicating royalties of "God Bless America" to the children of his beloved country by designating them for the Boy and Girl Scouts of America.
Charlotte of The Queen and the First Christmas Tree was a queen, but what I emphasize in the book is how she was a royal who was different from other royals. She didn't like dressing up or going to fancy balls. Instead, she loved taking care of children and helping her garden grow. She not only became the first royal who made charitable giving part of royal duties, she introduced the first Christmas tree to England in an effort to delight 100 children attending a party at Windsor Castle in 1800.
Image from The Queen and the First Christmas Tree
And now, my new book, Martin & Anne, the Kindred Spirits of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Anne Frank, tells the parallel stories of two people of different genders, races, religions and countries who were born in the same year, 1929, and whose hearts beat with the same hope for a better, kinder world where "all babies would be seen as beautiful. As all babies are."
Both Martin and Anne lived in a world filled with hate, anger, fear and unfairness, but they had a different view of what the world could be. They used their words to articulate a vision of love and opportunity for all. And while both were taken from us before their time, in this year, which would have marked their 90th birthdays, their words, vision and heart continue to inspire.
Image from Martin & Anne, the Kindred Spirits of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Anne Frank
It's my hope that kids who feel different, who worry that no one gets them, who feel like outsiders, will find kindred spirits in these books that celebrate our differences as the very thing that propel humans as a group further along in our journey toward the light.
Nancy Churnin is the author of eight picture book biographies, including The William Hoy Story, on several state reading lists; Irving Berlin, a Sydney Taylor Notable, Manjhi Moves a Mountain, a 2018 South Asia Book Award and Anne Izard Storytellers Choice winner, plus two Social Studies Notables, two Silver Eureka Award winners, a Mighty Girl listing and more. The former theater critic for The Dallas Morning News and Los Angeles Times San Diego Edition, she's now a full-time children's book author and peace negotiator between her dog and cats. A member of the Nonfiction Ninjas, SCBWI and 12X12, she lives in North Texas.
For more about Nancy Churnin and her books, visit:
Facebook: Nancy Churnin Children's Books
Twitter: @nchurnin
http://www.nancychurnin.com
And look for Beautiful Shades of Brown, the Art of Laura Wheeler Waring coming in February 2020!
Image from Beautiful Shades of Brown, the Art of Laura Wheeler Waring
Nancy, thank you so much for stopping by Frog on a Blog! Not only are your books inspiring for young readers, but you, too, are an inspiration to children's book authors, like me!
August 3, 2019 Lauri Fortino	children's picture books, inspiring people, Nancy Churnin, picture book biographies	3 Comments


Support our Firefighters! Straight from our Thin Red Line Collection, these Thin Red Line Flag Shoes are the perfect way to show off your support for firefighters across the nation. Whether you're a firefighter yourself or a red line supporter, we know it's important to you to proudly declare that you appreciate the work and sacrifices of firefighters across the nation. We designed these Thin Red Line Flag Shoes to thank firefighters for their service, and we thank you for showing your support!


The following is a list of organizations and individuals who have joined our Solidarity Network to support the call for the full implementation of the human rights of Aboriginal women and girls.
Above: Vivanne Michel (left) and Michelle Audette (right) rally in front of the parliament buildings, Ottawa.
We invite organizations and individuals to support the full implementation of the human rights of Canada's Aboriginal women and girls by adding your names to our growing solidarity network.


On the occasion of Art Basel Miami Beach, Fondazione Prada is inaugurating an art installation by the Belgian artist Carsten Höller: a temporary nightclub open exclusively to a number of selected guests from 5 to 7 December 2017.
This space, which offers a unique approach to entertainment and hospitality, also creates a dialogue between contemporary art, music, lifestyle, and design. This is the second, yet very different, iteration of Carsten Höller's acclaimed concept which first debuted in London in 2008 for eight months.
The interactive installation is set in a 1920s film studio, divided into an internal club space and an outdoor tropical garden, one being entirely monochromatic, the other polychromatic, offering diametrically opposed visual and acoustic experiences. The aim of "The Prada Double Club Miami" is to allow art to move outside its usual restrictive contexts and transform itself into a real life experience.
The public is free to engage with the surrounding environment and become essential components of a strong participatory experience.


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U3A Business
Activities Convenors
About U3A
University of the Third Age – Live, Learn, Enjoy
Booking U3A HQ
Alpine Voices
Blokes Business
Buckland Cemetery Research Group
Deckers
Non Fiction Interest Group
The Writers' Group
Woolcrafts
Birds We Saw 2020
Casual Cycling
Pole Walking
9:30 am Casual Cycling @ Rail Trail near Museum
Casual Cycling @ Rail Trail near Museum
10:00 am Drawing/Painting @ Bright Art Gallery
Drawing/Painting @ Bright Art Gallery
1:00 pm Canasta @ U3A HQ
Canasta @ U3A HQ
9:00 am Bush Walking @ Various venues - car pooling
Bush Walking @ Various venues - car pooling
10:00 am Guitar @ U3A HQ
Guitar @ U3A HQ
12:00 pm Woodwork @ BUMS Churchill Ave
Woodwork @ BUMS Churchill Ave
1:00 pm Mahjong @ U3A HQ
Mahjong @ U3A HQ
7:30 pm Alpine Voices @ Uniting Church
Alpine Voices @ Uniting Church
7:30 pm Alpine Voices
10:30 am Woolcraft @ Venues as arranged
Woolcraft @ Venues as arranged
About the U3A Movement
The University of the Third Age (U3A) is an international organization, embodying the principles of life-long education and the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake, in an atmosphere of mutual learning and teaching. Each U3A is a learning community, organized by and for people who can best be described as being active in retirement – the so-called Third Age of their lives.
The term "University" is used in the original and medieval sense of an association or community of teachers and scholars, united in the pursuit of knowledge. Third Age refers to the life period of active retirement, which follows the first age of childhood and formal education and the second age of working life, and which precedes the fourth age of dependence.
Origin of the Universities of the Third Age
The concept of U3A was developed in Toulouse in 1972, to bring older people into contact with academic programs at the University. It spread rapidly through France and throughout Europe. Many universities either arranged for older people to participate in existing academic programs or established new programs specifically designed for Third Age students.
The first British U3A was established in 1982 at Cambridge. In contrast with the French experience, where U3A have a close association with traditional universities, as providers of educational programs, the British U3A have developed only outreach links with the universities.
Instead, they have embraced principles of self-help and self-determination, structuring programs and courses to meet the wishes of members and drawing on resources available within the membership as far as possible. These same principles have been adopted by U3A in Australia.
Development in Australia
In July 1984, a public meeting was arranged in Melbourne to gauge public interest in U3A. As a result the first U3A was established in Melbourne City, followed by another in Hawthorn and the first courses were offered at the beginning of 1985. During that year two other U3A, one at Monash and one at Ringwood, were inaugurated. There are now some 97 U3As in Victoria with some 24,800 members and more than 100 Australia-wide with a total national membership exceeding 40,000.
Whilst there are common objectives shared by all U3A, there are also broad differences of interest patterns, structure and organization, determined by the particular needs of each U3A and the resources available locally to meet those needs.
? What are the aims of the U3A?
To be a fully autonomous, self-supporting and voluntary organisation
To provide a creative use of leisure time
To establish and maintain educational, cultural and physical programmes
To broaden intellectual horizons irrespective of background
To promote and further the concept and adoption of U3A in the general community
To seek and maintain contact with organisations and individuals involved with the U3A
? Why should I join a U3A?
Learning should not stop as we get older. The U3A provides social and intellectual stimulation for retired people aged 50 years and over. Classes are designed to be enjoyable as well as educational. The U3A gives you the opportunity to learn something that you have always intended to learn but have not had the time to pursue.
? What does "University of the Third Age" mean?
The term "University" is used in the original sense of an association or community of teachers and scholars united in the pursuit of knowledge. The "Third Age", which follows the "First Age" of childhood and formal education and the "Second Age" of working life, is one of active retirement where a wide range of interests are pursued to enhance the self image and well being of older persons
? How do I qualify to join the U3A?
No qualifications are required to join and enrol in classes other than to be retired or semi-retired. There are no examinations and no certificates.
? What is the U3A?
The U3A (University of the Third Age) is a voluntary community organisation. It provides opportunities for learning for older people enabling them to keep mentally and physically active and alert.
09/02/2015 Helen Brecknell


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Isaiah Classes
SLIDES - Isaiah Class 24 (9.1B) Endtime Polarization & Prophecy
All - SLIDES - Isaiah Class 24 (9.1B) Endtime Polarization & Prophecy
Beginning with a review of how to use the List of Charts and Overview Sketch in our study guide Isaiah Illustrated, we focus on the endtime battle depicted by Isaiah through Chaos-Creation motifs. Delving into the parables of Jesus, we examine this polarization of ideologies at the end of the Time...
Brand : Prophetic Appointments
Product Type : Slides
Beginning with a review of how to use the List of Charts and Overview Sketch in our study guide Isaiah Illustrated, we focus on the endtime battle depicted by Isaiah through Chaos-Creation motifs. Delving into the parables of Jesus, we examine this polarization of ideologies at the end of the Time of the Gentiles prophesied in 1 Nephi 14:10, and the ensuing mission of the "servants" in Isaiah 49—the "kings" and "queens" of the Gentiles— John the Revelator's "144,000" and Joseph Smith's "kings and priests" of temple restoration. Highlights include discussions on the parables of The Dragnet, The Mustard Seed, The Leavened Meal, The Hidden Treasure, The Pearl of Great Price, The Sheep and Goats, The Good Samaritan, The Wise and Foolish Virgins, Ruth and Orpah, The Two in the Field, The Two Women Grinding, The Wheat and the Tares, The Wedding Garment, and the Evil and Wise Servants—including Isaiah's Tithing Imagery and the ancient Doctrine of the Two Ways.
Reading Assignment: Isaiah 46, 48–49 (Isaiah 47 moved to "Babylon Umbrella" lesson.)
The End from the Beginning, Gileadi (1997) pp. 131–140; (2012) pp. 105–114
¡ Parallel New Testament Prophecies
¡ A Polarization of All People
¡ The Literal Fulfillment of Prophecy
¡ Righteousness Precedes Salvation
¡ The Past—A Pattern of the Future
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Sadly, we have come to the end of the line for our coverage of Coker Tire's Chattanooga Cruise-In. This gallery is the last of the photos that were shot, and even though there is still plenty of the same that we have told you about before, like a fantastic mix of rides to look at, a wonderful new location that is capable of handling the surprising amount of traffic, a dragstrip right across the Interstate and more) we've simply run out of photos. Considering that there were at least three thousand cars parked and at least fifteen thousand people walking through the grounds, how is it that only four galleries of vehicles showed up? Well, the truth, readers, is that I was recovering from the kind of food poisoning that could bring down a bull moose and honestly, I probably should have rested at least one more day instead of going to the show if you view it from a medical standpoint. But the Chattanooga Cruise-In is a one-day-only kind of show, and with the move to the new Camp Jordan location, I wanted to see how that would affect the show. The origins of the Chattanooga Cruise-In is based on the idea of gearheads visiting Coker Tire and Honest Charley's Speed Shop in town, and with that being moved, would it have affected the turnout?
Not one bit. If anything, and I'm not exaggerating in the least, it felt like the show was four times bigger than last year. Whether that's true or not, I'd need to get some numbers from Coker Tire themselves. But instead of weaving down tiny streets that are packed full to the brim of pedestrians and cars, Camp Jordan proved to be broad, open and in the beautiful weather that everyone got to enjoy for most of the day, picturesque and idyllic. We can't wait to attend the next meet-up!


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Pilzgifte sind giftige Stoffwechselbestandteile von Großpilzen, die in so hohen Konzentrationen vorkommen, dass bei ihrem Verzehr Vergiftungserscheinungen bei Menschen oder Tieren auftreten (Pilzvergiftung). In der nördlichen Hemisphäre kommen etwa 200 Arten von Giftpilzen vor, von denen ca. 40 Arten gefährlich und ca. 10 Arten tödlich sind (siehe auch Liste der Giftpilze).
Gifte aus Schimmelpilzen werden im Unterschied dazu als Mykotoxine bezeichnet.

Toxikologisch können Pilzgifte nach ihrer Wirkung in drei Gruppen unterteilt werden:

Warnhinweis

Pilzgifte treten unabhängig von Bittergeschmack auf und sind sensorisch meist nicht zu erkennen.

Siehe auch
 Pilze
 Cycloprop-2-encarbonsäure

Literatur
 Besl Bresinsky: Giftpilze – Ein Handbuch für Ärzte, Apotheker …. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1985
 Horak Flammer: Pilzgifte – Giftpilze. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1983
 Benjamin: Mushrooms – Poisons and Panaceas. W.H. Freeman, New York 1995
 Moeschlin: Klinik und Therapie der Vergiftungen. Thieme, Stuttgart 1985
 Kell: Giftpilze – Pilzgifte. Neue Brehm Bücherei 612, 1991
 Stamets: Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley 1996
 L. Roth, H. Frank, K. Kormann:  Giftpilze – Pilzgifte. Schimmelpilze – Mykotoxine. Vorkommen – Inhaltsstoffe – Pilzallergien – Nahrungsmittelvergiftungen. ecomed, Landsberg/Lech 1990, ISBN 3-609-64730-2

Weblinks
 Giftpilze – was tun? Website der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Mykologie
 Giftpilze – Pilzgifte. Pilzverein Augsburg Königsbrunn
 Pilzvergiftungen auf gifte.de (private Website) – Toxine und verursachende Pilze sind beim jeweiligen Syndrom aufgeführt
 Seit kurzem entdeckte Pilzgifte auf pilzepilze.de (private Website)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Keep smiling, and you'll help others stay upbeat. Allow yourself to take more risks and get into the more social nature of the moment. Keep conversations moving, and do not allow someone else's malaise to affect you.
Tonight: Reach out to someone who might be alone.


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About Trecie Williams
Like you, vision coach and author Trecie Williams has seen the word vision defined numerous ways over the years. Is it a statement of objectives? Dreaming? Wishing? Goal-setting? Is it meant only for the future? Or is there a different story?
With over a decade of real-life business experience in empowering others for success, Trecie's view is radically different. Trecie appreciates and shares with clients that vision is not just about a statement or a board on a wall. Vision is for everyone, every day. It is essential, not optional, for our success.
She believes in the power of vision boards to expand us, clarify our dreams, and focus our efforts. Most recently, she created a vision board for her first apartment home on November 30, 2018. That day she signed leasing papers and moved into her first place on her 34th birthday – December 13, 2018.
Trecie is sometimes referred to as "Sunshine" for her ability to uplift and bring joy to others. Others have said that her subtle energy prompts people to "lean in" to listen to her. She is known for her dedication, efficiency and wisdom. She connects with people in an intimate and individual way.
For several years, Trecie has served as executive assistant to Apostle Alton R. Williams and Elder Sherrilyn Williams, overseers of World Overcomers Outreach Ministries Church (WOOMC) and Understanding for Life Ministries (UFL). She also assists in multiple WOOMC departments, including finance, outreach, media, and human resource teams, MoMEANTum Young Adult Ministry and Adelphe So-Royalty – A Christian Sisterhood.
Some of her successes include meeting and interacting with over 50 public figures, including actors Hugh Jackman and Lamman Rucker, The Bible producers Mark Burnett and Roma Downey, comedians Steve Harvey and Sinbad, and rapper Drake. One of her vision board creations hangs in gospel singer Jonathan McReynolds' studio.
Prior to her vision coaching efforts, Trecie, a servant at her core, helped produce, edit and publish over 100 UFL titles for Apostle and Elder Williams, including Questioning God, A Roadmap to Life, and Conquering Crises at Work, to name a few. For her 30th birthday, she wrote and compiled two books of her own, including A Celebration of You: 50 Truths About Who You Are in Christ and I AM: 50 Truths About Jesus Christ. She also developed a training for others to learn how to serve God.


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It's Not New, It's Not Exciting
By Kaoru Negisa
In Homophobia , Religion , Uncategorized
"OMG, OMG, OMG. Did you hear what the Pope said about gay people? Did you? DID YOU? This is a sea change! It's so important! He's said something amazing and groundbreaking!"
Now, please raise your hand if you're, like me, getting tired of hearing people take a throwaway line and try to make it sound like it means that a man who has historically been a homophobe in one of the most homophobic organizations on the planet is suddenly all buddy-buddy with the LGBT community.
For those who missed it, on the way home from Brazil, Pope Francis held a press conference on the plane where he was remarkably candid about a number of topics. One of them was about homosexuals.
They say they exist. If someone is gay, who searches for the Lord and has goodwill, who am I to judge? The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains this very well. It says they should not be marginalized because of this (orientation) but that they must be integrated into society.
Now, people have heard this and thought "Wow, this is such a change!" Hate to be the one who ruins the fun happy Pontifex Pleasure Party, but this is not a change. This is status quo. Let's look at the Catechism for a moment. (emphasis mine)
2357 Homosexuality refers to relations between men or between women who experience an exclusive or predominant sexual attraction toward persons of the same sex. It has taken a great variety of forms through the centuries and in different cultures. Its psychological genesis remains largely unexplained. Basing itself on Sacred Scripture, which presents homosexual acts as acts of grave depravity, tradition has always declared that "homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered."They are contrary to the natural law. They close the sexual act to the gift of life. They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity. Under no circumstances can they be approved.
2358 The number of men and women who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies is not negligible. This inclination, which is objectively disordered, constitutes for most of them a trial. They must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity. Every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided. These persons are called to fulfill God's will in their lives and, if they are Christians, to unite to the sacrifice of the Lord's Cross the difficulties they may encounter from their condition.
2359 Homosexual persons are called to chastity. By the virtues of self-mastery that teach them inner freedom, at times by the support of disinterested friendship, by prayer and sacramental grace, they can and should gradually and resolutely approach Christian perfection.
In the interview, Francis went on to explain that homosexual acts are still a sin.
So, basically, what everybody is freaking out about is that Francis said that you shouldn't directly be mean or appear to be discriminating against a gay person, but Catholics can in no way approve of a gay relationship and queer people should just live alone and celibate for the rest of their lives.
This is the same game that evangelicals in America play. They change the definitions of words like "love" and "respect" so that they can say that they totes love LGBT people while still denying their relationships social or legal validity and lobbying for the right to fire them because they aren't sufficiently closeted. The difference is that the Catholic Church has been doing this for centuries longer and, quite frankly, are much better at getting people to faun all over them for basically saying that it's not Catholic policy to overtly be a dick. Sorry, I don't give out cookies for fundamental human decency, even if it is noticeably lacking in that particular organization most of the time.
Now, I have already been chided by my mother and other people that he's brand new to the job, I should give him time to actually do something. The problem is two-fold. First, it's not like he's new to the Church. This is the guy who said that same-sex marriage in Argentina would destroy the family and called it discrimination against children before attributing the law to Satan. We don't have some Pope who suddenly wants to warmly embrace the LGBT community. If you read the Catechism above, he wants to be nice enough to us that we will stop having relationships until we're straight.
The second problem with the "give him time" argument is that if I'm giving him time to make any real changes, why should I celebrate this early in his papacy? Seriously, I'm supposed to wait and see to condemn him for jerking people around with political double talk but I can cheer loudly when he says absolutely nothing new in a way that appropriately uses the correct words to sound tolerant?
Everybody, it's time to simmer down about this. As much as it pains me to say this, it really does, but I partially agree with Timmy Dolan that this is not new, and barely human scum like said Cardinal have nothing to fear that they might have to soften up their homophobia any time soon. The Pope is still the head of the Catholic Church, and that means that if you're reading this, either storage technology has gotten really, really good in your time, or you will never see a change in Church policy in your lifetime on this subject. Don't look for it under every rock the Pope decides to turn over for you.
homophobia, religion, Skepticism
Kaoru is a Florida boy, born and raised, and currently resides in Orlando, the City Beautiful where he is the proud owner of his own degree in English. When he is not volunteering with the LGBT community or participating in some political action, he is generally fencing, singing folk songs, or playing mandolin. Kinky bisexual atheist feminist geek, and probably a few other things as well. He also posts over at Reasonable Conversation about LGBT issues, politics, and atheism, and at Sequentially Yours about comic books.
QUICKIES 7/29/2013
Follow-Up: Boycotting Russia
Why I'm Marching (and Organizing) for Science
On April 18, 2017 | In Activism ,Discrimination ,Events ,Gay ,Health / Medicine ,History ,HIV / AIDS / STDs
Born and Made to Live this Way: Part 3, Dad It's All Your Fault
On October 24, 2016 | In Gay ,Health / Medicine ,Science
Born and Made to Live this Way, Part Two: The Insanity Plea
On October 13, 2016 | In Health / Medicine ,Psychology ,Science ,Transgender


Welcome to our health blog!
Welcome to our world! Here you will find health tips including chiropractic and beyond. If you address health in only one area of your life, you will constantly find yourself coming up short. True health and wellness is a way of life.


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10 Terrifying Netflix Horror Films That'll Make You Want To Leave The Lights On
Jackson Ryan |
Apr 2, 2018, 4:00pm
Image: IMDB/Los Parecidos
Keen to have those grisly ghouls from every tomb close in to seal your doom? You're only a mere mortal, so surely you cannot resist the evil of the thriller? Or, perhaps more accurately, the horror. Want to scare yourself half to death and don't know where to begin? Well, you've come to the right place (or the wrong place, perhaps)
*evil laughter*
The VVitch
Image: IMDB
Synopsis: A family in 1630s New England is torn apart by the forces of witchcraft, black magic and possession.
Why Should You Watch It: It still seems like hardly anyone has watched this film! You're crazy if you havven't vvatched it yet. It's one of the best horror films of the last ten years and is deeply unsettling. VVatch as people totally unravel.
Synopsis: A biologist signs up for a dangerous, secret expedition into a mysterious zone where the laws of nature don't apply.
Why Should You Watch It: I class this as horror because I am terrified by it. Alex Garland is really, very good at making those film things, hey? As a massive fan of Ex Machina, I was hoping this would have the same philosophical questions about what it means to be human without the cutting open bodies. It delivered on the former, but there's definitely still skin being cut and, look - just watch this alright.
Synopsis: Paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren work to help a family terrorized by a dark presence in their farmhouse.
Why Should You Watch It: The strap is that this is Not usually the kind of film that I enjoy, but this one just feels a little more polished than others of the same ilk. Some good performances by the leading actors, too. Has been widely lauded as one of the better horror films in recent times - and resulted in numerous follow ups - but the original remains the quality pick. Worth seeing if you haven't watched before.
The Similars
Synopsis: On the rainy night of October 2, 1968, eight characters waiting on a remote bus station for a bus heading to Mexico City start experiencing a strange phenomenon.
Why Should You Watch It: Out of left field this one, a recommendation from a friend put me onto it and I was not disappointed. It largely inspired this post. It's a great horror title that messes with you and your paranoia - of other people, of what lurks behind their facade, of being trapped. Tingles the old spine.
Synopsis: A group of college friends reunite for a trip to the forest, but encounter a menacing presence in the woods that's stalking them.
Why Should You Watch It: A lot has been said about this one - I liked it - and I think the general idea behind it is very good, but maybe the execution is a little off. On a recent hike this movie kept running through my head, so that says something. Feel like cult status awaits it because it hasn't been too well-received, critically.
Synopsis: A young married couple's lives are thrown into a harrowing tailspin when an acquaintance from the husband's past brings mysterious gifts and a horrifying secret to light after more than 20 years.
Why Should You Watch It: So underrated and with such a strong premise and cast. Aussie lad Joel Edgerton has such a fabulous menacing whimsy about him throughout the film and such a clear vision of how he wants the film to feel. He puts in a great performance and having written and directed it himself, the film has a cohesion to it that other horror films often lack.
Synopsis: The events of one evening take an unexpected turn for the worst for a young boy trying to spy on his babysitter.
Why Should You Watch It: This one is one of those "it's not incredibly good but it's really not that bad" kind of films that is just an easy horror film to digest. It's ~fun~. It's the type of film you tell your friends about with a big, dumb grin on your face.
Synopsis: A newlywed couple finds their lake-country honeymoon descend into chaos after Paul finds Bea wandering and disoriented in the middle of the night.
Why Should You Watch It: Why is this rated so poorly? It has the wonderful Rose 'You Know Nothing Jon Snow' Leslie and Harry Treadaway does an excellent job as her opposite. Doesn't show its hand too early, which makes it all the more terrifying at its conclusion.
Synopsis: When a videographer answers a Craigslist ad for a one-day job in a remote mountain town, he finds his client is not at all what he initially seems.
Why Should You Watch It: Found footage films since Blair Witch haven't really been able to capture, or even emulate, that suffocating tension as well as Creep does. That final scene. There's not much like it. Yep, Paranormal Activity was good, but this is like a different level of unsettling. A different breed, even. Requires a little bit more leeway in the plot stakes than Blair Witch but ultimately this is a rewarding watch. The sequel is also on Netflix (and awesome!)
Synopsis: While attending a dinner party at his former home, a man thinks his ex-wife and her new husband have sinister intentions for their guests.
Why Should You Watch It: Don't go to a party at your ex-wife's house. Don't do that. That's a bad idea. Oh, you've done it? You're in the house? You're at the party now? What could go wrong? Everything? Oh, right, of course. Everything. Wait, is this a horror film? Oh god it is a horror film. This is a nightmare. This is the worst. This can't end well. Don't go to a party at your ex-wife's house.


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