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Home/Celebrity Net Worth/Actors/Ben Woolf Net Worth
Ben Woolf Net Worth
Ben Woolf Net Worth 2022: Wiki Biography, Married, Family, Measurements, Height, Salary, Relationships
Ben Woolf net worth is
Ben Woolf Wiki Biography
Benjamin Eric Woolf was born on the 15th September 1980, in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, and was an actor who was probably best known for appearing in FX's critically acclaimed TV series "American Horror Story". Woolf passed away in 2015.
Have you ever wondered how much wealth this late Hollywood actor accumulated for life? How rich Ben Woolf would be today? According to sources, it is estimated that Ben Woolf's net worth, as of late 2017, would figure around the sum of $11 million, acquired through his short-lived but prosperous acting career, which was active between 2007 and 2015.
Ben Woolf Net Worth $11 million
Ben was one of two children of Marcy Luikart and Nicholas Woolf. While growing up in Fairfield, Iowa, he was diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism, resulting in his full height of just 4′ 3½" (around 1.31 m). He attended Fairfield City College from which he graduated, earning his degree in early childhood education. Alongside his parents and his sister, in 1999 Ben relocated to Santa Barbara, California, where he began his professional career as a pre-school teacher for the US Department of Health and Human Services' Head Start program in the city of Goleta. This engagement provided the basis for Ben Woolf's net worth.
Although he debuted on television in 2007, appearing in two episodes of the "TV face" TV series, Ben's acting career didn't officially begin 'til 2010, when he abandoned his teaching job and transferred to Los Angeles, California, in order to pursue his acting career full time. His first, uncredited Hollywood role occurred in the 2010 horror movie "Insidious", but was followed by a real breakthrough in his career in 2011 when he was cast for the role of Infantata in the first season of "American Horror Story" television series. This recurring role of the murderous ghost not only that raised Ben Woolf's popularity but it also further deepened his wealth.
In the course of the next several year, Ben managed to maintain a continuous streak of acting engagements, honing his performing skills in movies such as "Woogie" (2012), "Unlucky Charms" and "Dead Kansas" both in 2013, as well as in the "Eagleheart' TV series. In 2014, Woolf was cast as Meep in the fourth season of Primetime Emmy and Golden Globe Award-winning AHS franchise, entitled "American Horror Story: Freak Show". Later that year, Ben also appeared in the role of Himmler in Mick Davis' thriller movie "Haunting Charles Manson". Doubtlessly, all these ventures helped Ben Woolf to add a significant sum to the total of his net worth.
Among Ben Woolf's last engagements were appearances in the "TMI Hollywood" TV series, and the 2015 comical horror movie "Tales of Halloween". For his great contribution to the horror genre, he was rewarded with the Russian Horror Film Award in January 2015. His life and professional acting career were tragically ended in 2015 when he was hit in the head by a passing car's side mirror while jaywalking on 19th February. Four days later, Ben Woolf passed away due to a stroke caused by the severe head injury, at Los Angeles' Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, at the age of just 34, in Los Angeles, California.
He is survived by his parents and sister, leaving no descendants behind.
Full Name Ben Woolf
Died February 23, 2015, Los Angeles, California, United States
Place Of Birth Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
Education Fairfield City College
Parents Nicholas Woolf, Marcy Luikart
IMDB http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3069244/
Movies Tales of Halloween
TV Shows Tales of Halloween, American Horror Story
1 (February 19, 2015) Struck in the head by the side mirror of a passing car while jaywalking on a Hollywood, California street.
2 Was a preschool teacher. Considered acting his side job.
3 Was diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism when he was young, which caused his bones to shrink.
Tales of Halloween 2015 Rusty Rex (segments "Ding Dong" & "The Ransom of Rusty Rex")
American Horror Story 2011-2015 TV Series Meep Infantata
TMI Hollywood 2015 TV Series Host / Various
Haunting Charles Manson 2014 Himmler
Behind the Scenes of Haunting Charles Manson 2013 Short Himmler / Himself
Dead Kansas 2013 Squeak
Unlucky Charms 2013 Pookah
Woggie 2012 Little Dude
Eagleheart 2012 TV Series Frib
Insidious 2010/I Dancing Boy (uncredited)
TV Face 2007 TV Series Something
Dexter 2013 TV Series stunt performer - 1 episode
Ballet of Blood 2015 in memory of
Tales of Halloween 2015 in memory of
Insidious 2010/I the producers wish to thank - as Ben E. Woolf
American Horror Story FreakShow: Extra-Ordinary-Artists 2014 TV Mini-Series documentary Himself
Teens Wanna Know 2013 TV Series Himself - Guest
Dead Kansas (2013)
as Squeak
as Rusty Rex (segments "Ding Dong" & "The Ransom of R
Behind the Scenes of Haunting Charles Manson (2013)
as Himmler / Himself
as Dancing Boy
-$11 Million 1.31 m 11000000 1980 1980-09-15 2015 Actor American Ben Woolf California Colorado Fairfield City College February 23 Fort Collins Los Angeles Marcy Luikart Nicholas Woolf September 15 United States
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Lloyd Bridges Net Worth
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Investment Rationale
Why M7?
Ethics & Anti Bribery
Pillar 3 Disclosure
Stewardship Code Disclosure
1. Private Funds/Listed Vehicles
2. Joint Ventures
3. Separate Accounts
4. Advisory
Vacant Space
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M7 acquires £13.1 million mixed use Portfolio in north of England
Back to News homepage
M7 Real Estate, the pan-European real estate investor and asset manager, announces that it has acquired a portfolio of assets in the north of England £13.1 million reflecting a blended Net Initial Yield of 9%. The assets, which were acquired in two transactions from separate vendors, are 100% occupied and produce a combined passing rent of £1.3 million per annum.
The assets total four mixed use properties across 401,310 sq ft, split as follows:
• the 32,410 sq ft bingo hall on Crompton Street in Wigan, which is fully let to Gala Bingo;
• the 34,000 sq ft Whitney Court office scheme in Oldham let to Oldham Borough Council;
• the 52,300 sq ft Sett End Road West Unit G on multi-unit industrial estate in Blackburn which is let to Bright Blue Foods; and
• the 282,600 sq ft Carlton Industrial Estate, Barnsley which is fully let to EXPO Logistics Ltd.
John Murnaghan, Head of UK at M7 Real Estate, commented: "These assets offer strong income profiles and a broad spectrum of opportunity through both their diversity by way of sector and their location in growth areas in the north of England, and demonstrate our ability to source attractive opportunities where we can add value."
M7 fully deploys value add fund M7 EREIP VI following €160 million of acquisitions
M7 Real Estate, the pan-European investor and asset manager specialising in multi-tenanted properties, announces that it has fully invested its sixth value add European investment fund, M7 European Real Estate Investment Partners VI ("M7 EREIP VI" or the "Fund"). In total, the Fund has completed €160 million of acquisitions in the office and industrial sectors…
M7 Real Estate announces the sale of Forte 9 in Carnaxide to a Portuguese developer
M7 Real Estate, the pan-European investor and asset manager specialising in multi-tenanted properties, announces the sale the Forte 9 office building, formerly known as Cervejaria Lusitânia facilities, on Avenida do Forte in Carnaxide to Lusoproa, a Portuguese real estate developer. The transaction was facilitated by CBRE, who was mandated by the seller to manage and complete…
M7 expands investment with the D. E. Shaw group with the acquisition of seven UK value-add industrial and warehouse assets
M7 Real Estate, the pan-European investor and asset manager specialising in multi-tenanted properties, announces that it has acquired a further seven industrial and warehouse assets in the UK, on behalf of a joint venture targeting value-add UK real estate (the "JV") with a fund managed by global investment and technology development firm the D. E.…
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text:
Q: Suppressing GDAL/Python logging I'm using GDAL to clip lots (>100k) of small files from a large one with:
      translate = 'gdal_translate -epo -eco -ot Byte -b 1 -co NUM_THREADS=6 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co PREDICTOR=2 -co ZLEVEL=9 -projwin %s %s %s %s %s %s' %(ULmapx, ULmapy, LRmapx, LRmapy, MaskName, outmask)
      #print(translate)
      os.system(translate)

I've got it debugged and it works fine.  But I get the GDAL logs in the console (I'm using Spyder) and it swamps out other useful print messages from the main code.  How can I suppress the non-error console messages from GDAL?

A: You can use subprocess.run with  capture_output=True
import subprocess

translate = ['gdal_translate',
    '-epo', '-eco', '-ot', 'Byte', '-b', '1',
    '-co', 'NUM_THREADS=6', '-co', 'COMPRESS=DEFLATE', '-co', 'PREDICTOR=2', '-co', 'ZLEVEL=9',
    '-projwin', str(ULmapx), str(ULmapy), str(LRmapx), str(LRmapy), MaskName, outmask]

subprocess.run(translate, capture_output=True, check=True)

Or don't use an external process at all and use GDAL Python API directly, and tell GDAL to be quiet by setting the CPL_LOG config option:
from osgeo import gdal

# gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_LOG', 'NUL')  # Windows
gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_LOG', '/dev/null')  # Linux/MacOS

translate = [
    '-epo', '-eco', '-ot', 'Byte', '-b', '1',
    '-co', 'NUM_THREADS=6', '-co', 'COMPRESS=DEFLATE', '-co', 'PREDICTOR=2', '-co', 'ZLEVEL=9',
    '-projwin', str(ULmapx), str(ULmapy), str(LRmapx), str(LRmapy)]

gdal.Translate(outmask, MaskName, options=translate)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Video Game Release Dates In June 2020: PS4, Xbox One, Switch, PC
June is nearly here, and it's another exciting month for games. Despite the cancellation of E3 2020, the month is sure to be packed with big news and game reveals from various channels within the industry–GameSpot even has its own special festivities booked for the occasion called Play For All. But alongside the numerous announcements that are bound to start coming this month is a slate of new releases, which includes a handful of engrossing experiences, some revisits to the past, and one of the year's most hotly anticipated PS4 games.
To give you a look at what's ahead for PS4, Xbox One, PC, and Switch, we've rounded up all the biggest games of June 2020 below. For a wider look at the titles still to come this year, be sure to check out our list of game release dates in 2020. Otherwise, be sure to check this article often for the latest during this month, as we'll be sure to update it with more new release dates that get announced.
Disintegration (PS4, Xbox One, PC) — June 16
Posted in NewsTagged Dates, game, In, Ju, Release, video
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HP Reverb G2 virtual reality headset arrives this fall for $600
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League of Legends: Wild Rift – Everything You...


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Researchers Discover Health Apps Have Been Sharing Personal Info After Creating Fake Profiles
by Kavan Flavius
in Gadgets and Tech
A new study has pointed out the risks involved in putting sensitive health information into medical apps.
While the method is practical and convenient, using your smartphone to keep track of your medication or to look up symptoms of a certain mystery illness isn't all that safe as some apps collect data and aren't upfront about what happens to your info or who it is shared with.
Per a story from Gizmodo, researchers from Canada, the US and Australia teamed up for a study and tested 24 popular health-related apps used by patients and doctors in the three countries on an Android smartphone. Apps such as Medscape, Ada and the Drugs.com portal were put through the test, as well as other apps that remind users to take their meds.
PREVIOUSLY: How Modern Medicine Has Increased Life Expectancy In Exchange For Our "Healthspan"
The research team created four fake profiles to use each app as intended and establish a baseline for network traffic. Each of the apps was used 14 times with the same information but user info was subtly changed for a 15th use to determine whether there would be differences in the network traffic as that would indicate that data obtained by the app was being shared with third parties.
It was discovered that 79 percent of the apps, inclusive of the three aforementioned, shared at least some user data outside of the app itself.
via irishexaminer.com
Some apps used the sharing of data to improve its functions such as maintaining a cloud or handling error reports. But others simply use it to create tailored ads for other companies, with some of those companies having nothing to do with the health sector.
There was no evidence of anything illegal being done, however.
"The big issue here is that we didn't find anything that was illegal. And these data-sharing practices are highly routine," lead author Quinn Grundy said to Gizmodo. "But if you look at surveys, people feel that our health data is particularly sensitive and personal, and should therefore be protected."
It was also discovered that while certain apps do inform users of a potential data-sharing policy, there's hardly any indication as to where the data might end up.
So if you're going to use one of the many available health apps, try to find out as much as you can about it before inputting sensitive data. Sifting through terms and conditions could be pretty annoying and it's no wonder that people just skip that part most of the time, but when it comes to your health info, some patience won't go amiss.
Earth Has A 1-In-7000 Chance Of Being Hit By An Asteroid Later This Year
More in Gadgets and Tech
10 Incredibly Expensive Old Video Games That Might Be Lying In Your Attic
Madison Lennon
10 Most Expensive Virtual Items Ever Sold
Facebook Planning To Launch A New Cryptocurrency Next Year
Kavan Flavius
YouTube To Allow Makeup Try-Ons Via AR Starting This Summer


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The top 10 Star Wars moments
By: Phil Villarreal
TUCSON (KGUN9-TV) - We're on the brink of the release of a new Star Wars movie, and with it a debate of where it stacks up among the films that came before.
But the true test of how well "Star Wars: Episode VII -- The Force Awakens" succeeds is the power of the moments it manages to infuse into pop culture. It's the stuff that makes Facebook memes. The stuff that makes you and whoever you're watching the movie with share a knowing smile. The stuff that kids re-enact when they're playing on the living room floor.
Whether it's a snippet of dialog, a stunning visual display or a resounding emotional impact, this film will have to deliver the goods to place among the ranks of great Star Wars moments of the past:
10. Use the Force, Luke.
A sudden silver lining shines over the dark cloud of Obi-Wan's death when the hero reappears in ghost form to coach Luke through his difficult trials. While the advice is sort of lame and obvious, no more substantial than a cheerleader shouting "Go! Fight! Win!" it's the thought that counts.
9. Darth Maul sliced in half.
The baddie from "The Phantom Menace" makes short work of Obi-Wan's mentor, Qui-Gon Jinn, and thinks he'll easily take down the Padawan. It doesn't work out that way, though. Just when Obi-Wan appears beaten, he shows it was all a ruse to get Maul to let his guard down. The hubris leads to Darth literally half the man he used to be, wondering where it all went wrong as he plunges into the void.
8. Anakin and Padme's first kiss.
The romance at the core of the series starts off more than a little creepy, with a teenage Padme deflecting flirtations from a little boy. But once both hit adulthood, the hookup takes on Shakespearean resonance. Forbidden by the Jedi order to fall in love, Anakin silently rebels as he pursues his dreamgirl in secret, coaxing Padme to let down her guard and indulge her bad boy fantasy.
7. Luke learns who his daddy is.
Arguably the most shocking reveal in cinematic history -- and definitely the most misquoted (Darth never says "Luke, I am your father.") -- finds Luke discovering the hidden fate of his Jedi dad, and the unfathomable link between him and his archenemy. It's also Darth's attempt at making inroads into his abandoned son's psyche and the beginning of the attempt to get him to join the family business of being evil.
6. Anakin's raid.
The prequel trilogy is all about Anakin's rise to heroism and ensuing plunge into power-hungry fascism. As Yoda feared all along, his fall is predicated on fear and vengeance. Once he learns that his greatest fear has come to pass, and his mom has been captured and fatally injured by Tusken Raiders, Anakin goes rogue and destroys an entire encampment. The overreaction turns out to be a warmup for following the Emperor's orders to wipe out all the Jedi.
5. Han frozen in carbonite.
The ending of "The Empire Strikes Back" was a devastating downer. The Empire infiltrated the core of the Rebellion, neutralizing the fledgling Jedi at its core, and snuffed out any momentum the uprising had conjured. No one took it on the chin harder than Han Solo, who was frozen in carbonite and delivered to enemy Jabba the Hutt. If you don't own a Han-frozen-in-carbonite paperweight, you're just not geeky enough.
4. Alderaan's big bang.
Once Darth Vader uses the Death Star to wipe Princess Leia's home planet out of the galaxy, the ruthlessness of the Dark Side shows its darkest form. Even when rewatched for the hundredth time, it's mind-blowing. He just blew up a planet! An entire freaking planet! The epic counterpoint to the destruction of Alderaan is when Luke Skywalker makes his trench run, splintering the first Death Star to bits and proving that the Rebel Alliance is a forced to be reckoned with.
3. "Nooooooo!" "Noooooooo!"
Sure, it's cheesy, but there's no denying the Munch's Scream-like pain and horror that Anakin feels when he first realizes his new form, as the robotically-enhanced Darth Vader. The moaning epoch marks the character's loss of his last sliver of humanity, preparing him for his wholesale transformation into the embodiment of pure sadism.
2. "I am a Jedi. Like my father before me."
With those lines, Luke not only resists the Emperor's overtures to join the Dark Side, but tugs on Daddy Vader's heart strings just enough to awaken his dormant heart and spark the symbolic father-son overthrow of the Empire.
1. "I know."
Han Solo was the most crucial character in the original trilogy because he was just a normal guy, with no superpowers other than his own inflated self-confidence and smarmy witticisms, all of which are a front for a dude who, despite his protestations, cares deeply. His sardonic attitude and wisecracks added levity to overly serious situations. His response to Leia's declaration of love defines their breathless relationship to perfection.
HOT ON HOME VIDEO:
Marvel's Ant-Man
There really isn't anything Paul Rudd can't do. After owning the romantic comedy scene and inventing the bromance genre, he proves he can be not only a superhero, but one of the most likable yet. Playing a thief who is recruited by a scientist to do good, he dons a body-shrinking, super strength-granting suit. More of a comedy than an action flick, the film works well on both levels and introduces another intriguing member of the Avengers squad. The Blu-ray/DVD/digital copy combo boasts deleted and extended scenes, a making-of featurette and a look ahead to Marvel's "Phase 3" movie plan, in which Ant-Man will feature prominently.
The Peter Pan mythos is reimagined in this bizarre, oddly appealing high seas adventure. In a Neverland as a slave-labor mining enterprise dominated by Blackbears (Hugh Jackman), orphan Peter (Levi Miller) conspires with best buddy James Hook (Garrett Hedlund) and his main squeeze, Tiger Lily (Rooney Mara) for revolution. There are some weird, entrancing moments here, such as when the pirate-miners spontaneously bust out in a rendition of "Smells Like Teen Spirit" (seriously). You either wince or just sit back and go with it. The latter is more fun. The Blu-ray/DVD/digital copy combo includes director commentary, a look at the crafting of the creative visuals and a deeper examination about the Peter Pan legend.
Frank Capra's 1938 masterpiece rips apart the leisure class with good-natured satire. Capra's go-to guy, James Stewart, stars as a man who snubs his family of snobs to date a woman (Jean Arthur) from a poor family. The mismatched romance reflects the sentiment of a divided society of haves and have-nots just starting to awaken from the Great Depression. The Blu-ray, which masterfully restores the visuals to HD quality, includes a digital copy and commentary from Capra's son, who praises his dad's heart, drive and attention to detail.


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We have succeeded in raising €1000 to get Mauricio out of Venezuela. Mauricio can now begin getting the necessary paperwork, and, all going well, he should be safely in Colombia in a month or two. I will of course keep you posted.
I know I promised another World War 2 short review when we were fully funded but I have to come clean; I didn't expect us to be funded so quickly so I haven't got anything written yet.
Yeah. It just…doesn't feel like the right time. Or maybe it's too right a time.
I dunno. I will continue with this series but when I'm in the kind of head space that I can actually be funny.
In the meantime, enjoy the Hunchback 2 review.
I don't know…this might be the perfect time. Obviously the US can use some history lessons so that they might recognize an obvious racist and right-wing nut BEFORE they elect him.
I think most people recognized Trump as a racist before the election. It's just some people liked the racism and some liked a stance Trump took on an issue they considered more important than racism (protectionism, the fact that he SOMETIMES criticized American wars that few Americans want to continue, etc). And of course there was the "anyone but Hillary" vote.
Yeah, I know that they recognized the racism. I doubt though that the recognized the danger of this kind of point of view. And the "anyone but Hillary" vote was just stupid when "anyone" means freaking Donald Trump!!
Well, speaking as someone who will have to stay no matter what to see the whole thing burn down to the ground, best of lucks, Mauricio.
(And no, it doesn't have anything to do with any of you, I'd be thankful if anyone ever started a fundraiser for me, but my situation and my family's is… rather complicated to say the least. I'm afraid it couldn't happen anyway. In the event I ever disappear or something from this site, though, let be known it's been a blast, everyone. Yes, even you, Frog).


Poll Says America Likes Female Leaders. So Where Are They?
Women in power are more trusted than their male counterparts, according to a new Pew survey. But discrimination still factors in the perception of women in political and corporate spheres.
A new poll by the Pew Research Center suggests that, when it comes to leaders, women are considered more honest and intelligent than men. A report on the survey by LiveScience notes, however, that it may be a different story for female political leaders. Of survey participants, "a mere 6 percent say that, overall, women make better political leaders than men." The majority—69 percent—said that men and women make equally good political leaders.
And although this apparent instinctual trust of women bodes well for women in the workplace, women are still struggling to reach the top of corporate America. Fortune magazine's annual feature on female CEOs reveals that in 2007 a mere 12 Fortune 500 companies were run by women (up from 10 in 2006).
In the political arena, little changes, according to the survey respondents. Due to discrimination, being held back by men and a belief that the country is not ready to elect women to higher office, participants in the survey said women still remain largely out of this sphere, just as they are in the corporate world.
Opinion & Analysis: What role did gender play in Clinton's campaign?
Pew Research Center: Men or Women: Who's the Better Leader?
Others, like MSNBC's Mika Brzezinski, argue that the "baggage" of the Bill Clinton era obscured Hillary's bid for the presidency. Furthermore, negative campaigning may have had a divisive effect on the Democratic Party and altered public perception of Clinton as a potential leader. The Associated Press noted August 26 that a quote in which Clinton described Republican presidential candidate Ariz. Sen. John McCain as more experienced than her Democratic opponent Sen. Obama is now being used by the McCain campaign in a television ad. NBC notes that a preceding TV spot from the McCain campaign lifted different Clinton quotes from the primary season and praised her for "speaking the truth" about Obama. The ads are well timed to a Washington Post–ABC News poll from August 24 indicating that about 20 percent of Clinton supporters have defected to McCain.


text:
Right from the start, Led Zeppelin was never small. They cast a massive shadow. In retrospect, Led Zeppelin represented an era of rock as surely as Elvis or the Beatles. From California to Kashmir, they were the personification of power and fame for the 70's.
Yet Led Zeppelin was the most mysterious of bands. There have never been many interviews or press conferences. Led Zeppelin was, and still is today, a law unto them. The music will be around long after the myth. But you can't ignore or deny the myth that Jimmy Page made a deal with the Devil to make sure that his group got famous. And after a decade of superstardom, maybe the Devil came a callin'.
WHOLE LOTTA LED charts their 12-year flight from take off to soaring at the top to being grounded. It is the first of its kind written from a fan's perspective. And our fierce passion sets it apart from other books. It is more than just a Led Zeppelin biography - it's our story as well. Led Zeppelin provided the soundtrack to our lives through the good times and even the bad times. The musicians were our heroes to idolize and emulate, if only in our imagination. What is portrayed is the Led Zeppelin that we grew up with. Our recollections combined with other fan accounts, plus photographers' views from behind the camera, as well as Led Zeppelin in their own words.
Supplying the power to the text are the photographs. Not just your greatest hits compilation, but a stunning visual biography. It is our attempt to put into focus the memory of Led Zeppelin with new photos. Seeing is believing. The photos are moving not only for what they show, but for what they mean in the eyes and hearts of the beholder.
The untimely passing of John Bonham forced Zeppelin to a halt in September 1980. But their musical legacy and the deep affection and loyalty from their fans have propelled their legend as the eternal kings of rock into this new millennium. The fact remains that there are still millions of fans eager to know more about Led Zeppelin. So it's been a long time - over 10 years - for a new book. We can't identify with a book by a journalist or a road manager. But we can relate to a fellow fan. We feel that WHOLE LOTTA LED is a unique book for the Led Zeppelin fan.
We will never see another Led Zeppelin. They were a group of extraordinary talent. Not only was Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, John Bonham and Robert Plant a virtuoso in his respective role, but the collective strength of the group far exceeded each individual's grasp. Jimmy Page on Led Zeppelin: "One of the greatest rock 'n' roll bands in the world, one of the greatest bands in the world...that's what it means to us. I think a lot of other people, too."
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How Long Does it Take to Get Divorced in NYC? - Brian D. Perskin & Associates P.C.
Well, that depends. Contested actions, or those where spouses are unable to agree to the terms or stipulations of their divorce, will involve complex motion practice, litigation, forensic evaluations, and even settlement negotiation. These tend to take much longer due to the amount of work required. There is no way to predict how many times the parties will need to appear in court, how long the discovery or property appraisal process will take, or whether or not the case will be able to settle without intervention from a judge. Because of the uncertainty and temperamental nature of contested cases, it is impossible to put an accurate time frame on how long it will take for the courts to issue and sign a Judgment of Divorce.
Uncontested divorce cases are much simpler than their contested counterparts, but there are still many factors that can affect how long it will take for the divorce to be finalized. For instance, there is always the possibility that an uncontested matter can become contested once the action has been commenced due to disagreements that arise from child custody, alimony, or the division of marital assets. While an inconvenience, a well-rounded expert in matrimonial and family law will be able to tackle this roadblock head on, and help ensure that their client receives thorough representation throughout the duration of their case. An attorney will also be able to advise his or her client on whether or not they should attempt settlement negotiations, or proceed with a trial.
True uncontested divorce cases are finalized much faster than their contested counterparts, and a Judgment of Divorce can take anywhere from 2 or 3 months to 6 months or more to be signed by a judge. This estimate is so varied because it really depends on how long both parties take to sign the appropriate documents (such as an Affidavit of Defendant), and how long it takes for all documents to be compiled and filed with both the County Clerk and Matrimonial Part. In addition to the promptness (or lack thereof) of the parties causing delays in finalized divorces, courts in all five boroughs are backlogged. This means that even if all paperwork is filed and submitted in a timely manner, it can still take a few months for a judge to actually sign a Judgment of Divorce.
Many couples seeking a quick New York divorce will stumble across scams on Google from divorce centers or law firms that claim they specialize in speedy divorces. For a fee (usually starting around a few hundred dollars), these centers will promise to have a Judgment signed and issued within 30 days. New Yorkers who come across these scams, also known as a 30-day Divorces, should be very weary. As the age old saying goes, if it sounds too good to be true, then it probably is. Regardless of how much a plaintiff pays an attorney, there is no way the lawyer can guarantee that their divorce will be expedited. Granted, there are certain circumstances that allow for such expedited cases, but simply wanting to separate from a spouse quickly will not qualify a party to receive special treatment under the law. Brian Perskin and his team strongly advise all New York City residents, whether they be potential clients or not, to steer clear of these kinds of offices or centers.
For more information or advice on a pending divorce or child custody matter, contact Brian D. Perskin & Associates, P.C. for a free, in-depth consultation. With over 50 combined years of experience, the attorneys and support staff have the knowledge and expertise necessary to represent clients throughout the Greater NYC area in a variety of divorce and family law cases. Regardless of how simple or tough the pending action may be, the team of expert attorneys strive to provide the best representation to all of their clients. Call 718-875-7584 or 646-759-9735 to reserve an appointment in the centrally located Brooklyn Heights or Grand Central offices today!


We all know that forms and paperwork are an unfortunate part of today's healthcare environment but at LVSCC Rancho we do everything we can to make our paperwork as simple and short as possible. In fact, you can even complete it in the comfort of your own home before your visit.
LVSCC Rancho is located just southwest where the 95 meets the 5.
We are conveniently located in a one story brick building on the corner of Palomino Lane and South Rancho Drive.
We offer ample, complimentary parking to all of our patients. Parking is located directly infront of the building for easy access to our clinic.
We are located in a brick, one story building. Exterior Las Vegas Skin & Cancer Clinics signage can be seen from South Rancho Drive.


PhragWeb - The Phragmipedium WebSite (including Mexipedium & Selenipedium).
Welcome to the all new website.
This year, 2008, PhragWeb is ten years on the Internet and I thought it deserved a facelift. And although there are some things that in my opinion still need some work, I think the new look for the website turned out alright. I do hope you like it too.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="Styles.css"/>
    <title>User Home</title>

 Sarcopenia Demographics and Statistics Centre

Login

Profile

Contact

About

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<input type="text" name="search" placeholder="Search..">

 Please enter the email address associated with your account.

    <input type="text" class="EnterEmail" placeholder="Password">

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Should an Association Allow Its Clubhouse, or Other Common Area, to Be Used for Gambling?
By	Elizabeth "Beth" A. Lanham-Patrie Posted on May 27, 2021
While there are certain exceptions, generally, any game of chance is considered gambling. Section 849.08, Florida Statutes, defines gambling as follows:
"Gambling.—Whoever plays or engages in any game at cards, keno, roulette, faro or other game of chance, at any place, by any device whatever, for money or other thing of value, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083."
The first type of gambling games, which are not subject to criminal penalties, are penny-ante games. Penny-ante games are specified in Section 849.085, Florida Statutes, as "a game or series of games of poker, pinochle, bridge, rummy, canasta, hearts, dominoes, or mah-jongg in which the winnings of any player in a single round, hand, or game do not exceed $10 in value." Penny-ante games may be played in a dwelling, which is defined to include the common elements or common area of a residential subdivision of which a participant in a penny-ante game is a unit owner.
While penny-ante games are not subject to criminal penalties, the $10 restriction is very limiting and many games of chance, such as poker, exceed this amount. Poker games exceeding this amount would be considered illegal gambling.
In addition to penny-ante games, Bingo games are also not subject to criminal penalties. Pursuant to Section 849.0931(4), Florida Statutes, Bingo is defined as:
(a)"Bingo game" means and refers to the activity, commonly known as "bingo," in which participants pay a sum of money for the use of one or more bingo cards. When the game commences, numbers are drawn by chance, one by one, and announced. The players cover or mark those numbers on the bingo cards which they have purchased until a player receives a given order of numbers in sequence that has been preannounced for that particular game. This player calls out "bingo" and is declared the winner of a predetermined prize. More than one game may be played upon a bingo card, and numbers called for one game may be used for a succeeding game or games.
While not specifically addressed in Chapter 720 or Chapter 719, the Condominium Statute, Section 718.114, Florida Statutes, provides: "[a] condominium association may conduct bingo games as provided in s. 849.0931." That being said, Section 849.031, Florida Statutes, recognizes the right of a homeowners' association, cooperative association and a condominium association to have bingo games on the common areas. Although permitted, there are several limitations on having a bingo game in a community. Just a few of the limitations under this statute include the following:
The jackpot shall not exceed the value of $250 in actual money or its equivalent;
The organization conducting the bingo cannot have bingo games exceeding two days per week;
No more than three (3) jackpots on any one day of play; and
No one under 18 is allowed to play.
There are also specific requirements for the bingo cards and the objects/balls marked by letters and numbers.
Based upon the foregoing, most games of chance are considered illegal gambling and should not be permitted on an association's common areas. If an association wishes to proceed with allowing penny ante games or bingo games on the common area, it should first consult its attorney to verify that it is complying with the requirements of Section 849.085 and Section 849.0931 of the Florida Statutes.
Owner Feels Locked Out from Information
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Becker, with headquarters in Fort Lauderdale, FL., is a multi-practice commercial law firm with attorneys, lobbyists and other professionals at offices throughout the East Coast.
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text:
Der Bahnhof München-Giesing (umgangssprachlich meist Giesinger Bahnhof genannt) ist ein Bahnhof im Stadtteil Obergiesing der bayerischen Landeshauptstadt München und eine Station der S- und U-Bahn München. Er befindet sich an der Bahnstrecke München Ost–Deisenhofen, der Bahnstrecke München-Giesing–Kreuzstraße, die etwa auf Höhe des Friedhofs am Perlacher Forst von der Strecke München Ost–Deisenhofen Richtung Osten abzweigt, und an der zweiten Stammstrecke der U-Bahn München. Der Bahnhof wird täglich von etwa 280 Zügen der S-Bahn München bedient.

Geschichte

Der Bahnhof Giesing wurde am 10. Oktober 1898 an der neu entstandenen Bahnstrecke München Ost–Deisenhofen errichtet. Der Bahnhof war zu diesem Zeitpunkt etwas mehr als einen Kilometer vom damaligen Giesing entfernt und von Wiesen und Feldern umgeben. Zu dieser Zeit war die Gemeinde Giesing schon seit 1854 in das Stadtgebiet eingegliedert. Am 26. Januar 1901 erhielt der Bahnhof den Namen München-Giesing. 1904 wurde eine weitere Bahnstrecke über Perlach nach Kreuzstraße gebaut, welche vom Ostbahnhof durch den Giesinger Bahnhof verlief und am Friedhof am Perlacher Forst die bereits bestehende Strecke München Ost–Deisenhofen mit einer Abzweigung Richtung Osten verlässt.

Ab 1912 stand angrenzend an den Bahnhof ein Betriebshof der Straßenbahn, welcher bis 1972 benutzt und danach stillgelegt und abgerissen wurde. Erst in den späten 1920er Jahren und in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus wuchs Giesing bis an den Bahnhof heran und die Felder und Wiesen wurden entlang der Deisenhofener Straße, die Giesings Zentrum mit dem Bahnhof verband, mit großzügigen Wohnblöcken bebaut. Außerdem wurden die Strecken in dieser Zeit elektrifiziert. Am 28. Mai 1972 wurde der Bahnhof in das Netz der S-Bahn München integriert.

Seit 1985 steht das Bahnhofsgebäude als eines der letzten Vorstadtbahnhofsgebäude Münchens unter Denkmalschutz und wird seit 2004 als Stadtteilkulturzentrum Giesinger Bahnhof bzw. Gaststätte Die Gleiswirtschaft genutzt. Am 18. Oktober 1980 wurde die Stammstrecke 2 der U-Bahn München mit dem unter dem S-Bahnhof liegenden U-Bahnhof Giesing (Bahnhof) eröffnet. Der in den Bahnhofsvorplatz integrierte Busbahnhof wurde durch die Neugestaltung des Platzes und des anliegenden, sich an der Bahnstrecke entlangziehenden Areals vorübergehend auf die Straße verlegt. So entstanden bis Mitte 2009 am Giesinger Bahnhof ein Gesundheitszentrum und ein Seniorenheim, wobei allerdings der vorher vorhandene P+R-Parkplatz wegfiel. Seit 2010 befindet sich der Busbahnhof wieder auf dem Bahnhofsvorplatz.

Aufbau

S-Bahnhof
Der S-Bahnhof besitzt vier Gleise, wovon eines ohne Bahnsteig für den Güterverkehr und zwei für den S-Bahn-Verkehr genutzt werden. Das vierte Gleis mit Bahnsteig dient als Ausweichgleis und wird gelegentlich für Sonderzüge genutzt. Eine Besonderheit des Bahnhofs ist, dass die Strecke zwischen dem Ostbahnhof und der Abzweigung am Friedhof am Perlacher Forst im Linksverkehr, und nicht wie bei der Deutschen Bahn üblich im Rechtsverkehr betrieben wird. Dies geschieht, da die S-Bahnen am Ostbahnhof ihre Fahrtrichtung wechseln, und so konfliktfreie Fahrten zwischen Zügen der Strecke nach Giesing und Zügen der Stammstrecke ermöglicht werden.

U-Bahnhof

Der U-Bahnhof ist ähnlich wie alle anderen 1980 eröffneten U-Bahnhöfe an der U2 gestaltet, als Besonderheit existieren jedoch Durchbrüche zum Sperrengeschoss in der Bahnsteigdecke. Die Hintergleiswände sind mit großen, vertikal angeordneten Wandpaneelen verkleidet, die in Beige gehalten sind. Der Boden ist mit Isarkiesel-Kunststeinen ausgelegt und die mit zwei (ehemals vier) durchgehenden Lichtbändern ausgestattete Decke ist mit Aluminium-Lamellen verblendet. Aufgänge zum Sperrengeschoss existieren an beiden Enden sowie in der Mitte des auf gesamter Länge geraden Bahnsteigs. Der nachträglich eingebaute Aufzug verbindet den S-Bahnsteig über das Sperrengeschoss direkt mit dem U-Bahnsteig, außerdem führt ein weiterer Aufzug vom Sperrengeschoss auf den Bahnhofsvorplatz. Das Sperrengeschoss erstreckt sich auf der gesamten Länge des U-Bahnhofs, was in München eher ungewöhnlich ist. Grund dafür sind die weit auseinanderliegenden Zugänge sowie die Unterquerung der S-Bahn-Trasse.

Verkehr
Der Bahnhof wurde mit dem 1980 eröffneten U-Bahnhof zentraler Knotenpunkt des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs in Giesing. In ihm treffen sich die S-Bahn-Linien S3 und S7, die U-Bahn-Linien U2 und U7 sowie die Metro-Bus-Linie 54 und die Straßenbahnlinie 18. Die seit dem 12. Dezember 2011 existierende Verstärkungslinie U7 fährt nur in der Hauptverkehrszeit. In den Bahnhofsvorplatz ist ein Busbahnhof integriert, auf dem die Münchner Metrobuslinien 59 und Verstärkerfahrten der Linie 153, die Stadtbuslinie 139 sowie die Regionalbuslinie 220 halten. Bis zum 11. Dezember 2022 hielt am Vorplatz ebenfalls die Stadtbuslinie 147, die zum Fahrplanwechsel durch zusätzliche Fahrten der Regionalbuslinie 220 entfallen ist.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Stationen der S-Bahn München
 Liste der Bahnhöfe und Haltepunkte in München
 Liste der Münchner U-Bahnhöfe
 Giesinger Flunder

Literatur
 Thomas Guttmann: Giesing und die Eisenbahn, Buchendorfer Verlag, 1998, 159 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-927984-80-6

Weblinks

 Internetauftritt des Stadtteilkulturzentrums
 Umgebungsplan und weitere Informationen zum Bahnhof auf mvv-muenchen.de

Einzelnachweise

Giesing
Munchen Giesing
Giesing
Giesing
Bauwerk in Obergiesing
Baudenkmal in Obergiesing
Erbaut in den 1890er Jahren

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For babies 6 months and older.
Peach & Mango Mash – leftovers can be frozen.
peel peaches and mangoes and remove pits. Roughly chop fruit and put into a food processor or blender with a little water or white grape juice and pulse until it reaches a smooth consistency.
This article was posted in Fruit Mashes and tagged homemade babyfood, mango, peach. Bookmark the permalink. Follow comments with the RSS feed for this post.Post a Comment or leave a trackback: Trackback URL.


text:
/*
Package echo implements a fast and unfancy HTTP server framework for Go (Golang).

Example:

	package main

	import (
	    "net/http"

	    "github.com/labstack/echo"
	    "github.com/labstack/echo/engine/standard"
	    "github.com/labstack/echo/middleware"
	)

	// Handler
	func hello(c echo.Context) error {
	    return c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello, World!")
	}

	func main() {
	    // Echo instance
	    e := echo.New()

	    // Middleware
	    e.Use(middleware.Logger())
	    e.Use(middleware.Recover())

	    // Routes
	    e.GET("/", hello)

	    // Start server
	    e.Run(standard.New(":1323"))
	}

Learn more at https://echo.labstack.com
*/
package echo

import (
	"bytes"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"path"
	"reflect"
	"runtime"
	"sync"

	"golang.org/x/net/context"

	"github.com/labstack/echo/engine"
	"github.com/labstack/echo/log"
	glog "github.com/labstack/gommon/log"
)

type (
	// Echo is the top-level framework instance.
	Echo struct {
		premiddleware    []MiddlewareFunc
		middleware       []MiddlewareFunc
		maxParam         *int
		notFoundHandler  HandlerFunc
		httpErrorHandler HTTPErrorHandler
		binder           Binder
		renderer         Renderer
		pool             sync.Pool
		debug            bool
		router           *Router
		logger           log.Logger
	}

	// Route contains a handler and information for matching against requests.
	Route struct {
		Method  string
		Path    string
		Handler string
	}

	// HTTPError represents an error that occurred while handling a request.
	HTTPError struct {
		Code    int
		Message string
	}

	// MiddlewareFunc defines a function to process middleware.
	MiddlewareFunc func(HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc

	// HandlerFunc defines a function to server HTTP requests.
	HandlerFunc func(Context) error

	// HTTPErrorHandler is a centralized HTTP error handler.
	HTTPErrorHandler func(error, Context)

	// Validator is the interface that wraps the Validate function.
	Validator interface {
		Validate() error
	}

	// Renderer is the interface that wraps the Render function.
	Renderer interface {
		Render(io.Writer, string, interface{}, Context) error
	}
)

// HTTP methods
const (
	CONNECT = "CONNECT"
	DELETE  = "DELETE"
	GET     = "GET"
	HEAD    = "HEAD"
	OPTIONS = "OPTIONS"
	PATCH   = "PATCH"
	POST    = "POST"
	PUT     = "PUT"
	TRACE   = "TRACE"
)

// MIME types
const (
	MIMEApplicationJSON                  = "application/json"
	MIMEApplicationJSONCharsetUTF8       = MIMEApplicationJSON + "; " + charsetUTF8
	MIMEApplicationJavaScript            = "application/javascript"
	MIMEApplicationJavaScriptCharsetUTF8 = MIMEApplicationJavaScript + "; " + charsetUTF8
	MIMEApplicationXML                   = "application/xml"
	MIMEApplicationXMLCharsetUTF8        = MIMEApplicationXML + "; " + charsetUTF8
	MIMEApplicationForm                  = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
	MIMEApplicationProtobuf              = "application/protobuf"
	MIMEApplicationMsgpack               = "application/msgpack"
	MIMETextHTML                         = "text/html"
	MIMETextHTMLCharsetUTF8              = MIMETextHTML + "; " + charsetUTF8
	MIMETextPlain                        = "text/plain"
	MIMETextPlainCharsetUTF8             = MIMETextPlain + "; " + charsetUTF8
	MIMEMultipartForm                    = "multipart/form-data"
	MIMEOctetStream                      = "application/octet-stream"
)

const (
	charsetUTF8 = "charset=utf-8"
)

// Headers
const (
	HeaderAcceptEncoding                = "Accept-Encoding"
	HeaderAllow                         = "Allow"
	HeaderAuthorization                 = "Authorization"
	HeaderContentDisposition            = "Content-Disposition"
	HeaderContentEncoding               = "Content-Encoding"
	HeaderContentLength                 = "Content-Length"
	HeaderContentType                   = "Content-Type"
	HeaderCookie                        = "Cookie"
	HeaderSetCookie                     = "Set-Cookie"
	HeaderIfModifiedSince               = "If-Modified-Since"
	HeaderLastModified                  = "Last-Modified"
	HeaderLocation                      = "Location"
	HeaderUpgrade                       = "Upgrade"
	HeaderVary                          = "Vary"
	HeaderWWWAuthenticate               = "WWW-Authenticate"
	HeaderXForwardedProto               = "X-Forwarded-Proto"
	HeaderXHTTPMethodOverride           = "X-HTTP-Method-Override"
	HeaderXForwardedFor                 = "X-Forwarded-For"
	HeaderXRealIP                       = "X-Real-IP"
	HeaderServer                        = "Server"
	HeaderOrigin                        = "Origin"
	HeaderAccessControlRequestMethod    = "Access-Control-Request-Method"
	HeaderAccessControlRequestHeaders   = "Access-Control-Request-Headers"
	HeaderAccessControlAllowOrigin      = "Access-Control-Allow-Origin"
	HeaderAccessControlAllowMethods     = "Access-Control-Allow-Methods"
	HeaderAccessControlAllowHeaders     = "Access-Control-Allow-Headers"
	HeaderAccessControlAllowCredentials = "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials"
	HeaderAccessControlExposeHeaders    = "Access-Control-Expose-Headers"
	HeaderAccessControlMaxAge           = "Access-Control-Max-Age"

	// Security
	HeaderStrictTransportSecurity = "Strict-Transport-Security"
	HeaderXContentTypeOptions     = "X-Content-Type-Options"
	HeaderXXSSProtection          = "X-XSS-Protection"
	HeaderXFrameOptions           = "X-Frame-Options"
	HeaderContentSecurityPolicy   = "Content-Security-Policy"
	HeaderXCSRFToken              = "X-CSRF-Token"
)

var (
	methods = [...]string{
		CONNECT,
		DELETE,
		GET,
		HEAD,
		OPTIONS,
		PATCH,
		POST,
		PUT,
		TRACE,
	}
)

// Errors
var (
	ErrUnsupportedMediaType        = NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType)
	ErrNotFound                    = NewHTTPError(http.StatusNotFound)
	ErrUnauthorized                = NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized)
	ErrMethodNotAllowed            = NewHTTPError(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
	ErrStatusRequestEntityTooLarge = NewHTTPError(http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge)
	ErrRendererNotRegistered       = errors.New("renderer not registered")
	ErrInvalidRedirectCode         = errors.New("invalid redirect status code")
	ErrCookieNotFound              = errors.New("cookie not found")
)

// Error handlers
var (
	NotFoundHandler = func(c Context) error {
		return ErrNotFound
	}

	MethodNotAllowedHandler = func(c Context) error {
		return ErrMethodNotAllowed
	}
)

// New creates an instance of Echo.
func New() (e *Echo) {
	e = &Echo{maxParam: new(int)}
	e.pool.New = func() interface{} {
		return e.NewContext(nil, nil)
	}
	e.router = NewRouter(e)

	// Defaults
	e.SetHTTPErrorHandler(e.DefaultHTTPErrorHandler)
	e.SetBinder(&binder{})
	l := glog.New("echo")
	l.SetLevel(glog.ERROR)
	e.SetLogger(l)
	return
}

// NewContext returns a Context instance.
func (e *Echo) NewContext(req engine.Request, res engine.Response) Context {
	return &echoContext{
		context:  context.Background(),
		request:  req,
		response: res,
		echo:     e,
		pvalues:  make([]string, *e.maxParam),
		handler:  NotFoundHandler,
	}
}

// Router returns router.
func (e *Echo) Router() *Router {
	return e.router
}

// Logger returns the logger instance.
func (e *Echo) Logger() log.Logger {
	return e.logger
}

// SetLogger defines a custom logger.
func (e *Echo) SetLogger(l log.Logger) {
	e.logger = l
}

// SetLogOutput sets the output destination for the logger. Default value is `os.Std*`
func (e *Echo) SetLogOutput(w io.Writer) {
	e.logger.SetOutput(w)
}

// SetLogLevel sets the log level for the logger. Default value ERROR.
func (e *Echo) SetLogLevel(l glog.Lvl) {
	e.logger.SetLevel(l)
}

// DefaultHTTPErrorHandler invokes the default HTTP error handler.
func (e *Echo) DefaultHTTPErrorHandler(err error, c Context) {
	code := http.StatusInternalServerError
	msg := http.StatusText(code)
	if he, ok := err.(*HTTPError); ok {
		code = he.Code
		msg = he.Message
	}
	if e.debug {
		msg = err.Error()
	}
	if !c.Response().Committed() {
		if c.Request().Method() == HEAD { // Issue #608
			c.NoContent(code)
		} else {
			c.String(code, msg)
		}
	}
	e.logger.Error(err)
}

// SetHTTPErrorHandler registers a custom Echo.HTTPErrorHandler.
func (e *Echo) SetHTTPErrorHandler(h HTTPErrorHandler) {
	e.httpErrorHandler = h
}

// SetBinder registers a custom binder. It's invoked by `Context#Bind()`.
func (e *Echo) SetBinder(b Binder) {
	e.binder = b
}

// Binder returns the binder instance.
func (e *Echo) Binder() Binder {
	return e.binder
}

// SetRenderer registers an HTML template renderer. It's invoked by `Context#Render()`.
func (e *Echo) SetRenderer(r Renderer) {
	e.renderer = r
}

// SetDebug enables/disables debug mode.
func (e *Echo) SetDebug(on bool) {
	e.debug = on
}

// Debug returns debug mode (enabled or disabled).
func (e *Echo) Debug() bool {
	return e.debug
}

// Pre adds middleware to the chain which is run before router.
func (e *Echo) Pre(middleware ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.premiddleware = append(e.premiddleware, middleware...)
}

// Use adds middleware to the chain which is run after router.
func (e *Echo) Use(middleware ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.middleware = append(e.middleware, middleware...)
}

// CONNECT registers a new CONNECT route for a path with matching handler in the
// router with optional route-level middleware.
func (e *Echo) CONNECT(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.add(CONNECT, path, h, m...)
}

// Connect is deprecated, use `CONNECT()` instead.
func (e *Echo) Connect(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.CONNECT(path, h, m...)
}

// DELETE registers a new DELETE route for a path with matching handler in the router
// with optional route-level middleware.
func (e *Echo) DELETE(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.add(DELETE, path, h, m...)
}

// Delete is deprecated, use `DELETE()` instead.
func (e *Echo) Delete(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.DELETE(path, h, m...)
}

// GET registers a new GET route for a path with matching handler in the router
// with optional route-level middleware.
func (e *Echo) GET(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.add(GET, path, h, m...)
}

// Get is deprecated, use `GET()` instead.
func (e *Echo) Get(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.GET(path, h, m...)
}

// HEAD registers a new HEAD route for a path with matching handler in the
// router with optional route-level middleware.
func (e *Echo) HEAD(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.add(HEAD, path, h, m...)
}

// Head is deprecated, use `HEAD()` instead.
func (e *Echo) Head(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.HEAD(path, h, m...)
}

// OPTIONS registers a new OPTIONS route for a path with matching handler in the
// router with optional route-level middleware.
func (e *Echo) OPTIONS(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.add(OPTIONS, path, h, m...)
}

// Options is deprecated, use `OPTIONS()` instead.
func (e *Echo) Options(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.OPTIONS(path, h, m...)
}

// PATCH registers a new PATCH route for a path with matching handler in the
// router with optional route-level middleware.
func (e *Echo) PATCH(path string, h HandlerFunc, m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
	e.add(PATCH, path, h, m...)
}

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text:
\section{Introduction}

To perform quantum computing, it is necessary to have
building blocks that are individually controllable and whose
superposition states have long decoherence times. Spin systems
that exhibit clock transitions are promising candidates at
least for the last property \citep{Baeeaau4159,PhysRevB.100.064405,Shiddiq2016,
  Wolfowicz2013}. Such clock transitions mean a stimulation
between two energy eigenstates $\ket{E_1}$ and  $\ket{E_2}$ of
the system which are independent of the external magnetic field
at least to first order \citep{PhysRevB.100.064405}. This leads
to a precession of the phase difference in a superposition of
these two states with a frequency $\omega = E_1 - E_2$ which is
thus also independent of the external magnetic field. When an
experimenter excites an ensemble of such systems, all spins
precess at the same frequency $\omega$ and do not dephase, regardless of local
magnetic field fluctuations. Experimentally, this results in
large $T_2^{*}$ times.

In this paper we investigate the decoherence
behavior of a single spin dimer which is dipolar coupled to a
bath of environmental spins, motivated by the experiment
described in \citep{Baeeaau4159}. Regarding decoherence this is
a completely different scenario compared to dephasing of an ensemble of
spins.
As an approximation of the exact environment in the experiment
we use a model system in
which the environmental spins are randomly distributed on a
spherical surface around the spins of the dimer. Therefore, the
absolute values of our decoherence times are not realistic, but
we can make relative statements in the sense that scenario A has
a much longer decoherence time than scenario B, using our
environment as a test bed.

Generally, local magnetic field fluctuations can have many
sources. Beyond an inhomogeneity in the external field, referred
to as non-intrinsic decoherence, intrinsic effects such as
dipolar
interactions of near nuclei are important \citep{RBM:PRB12}. But not only that,
for molecular spin clusters it was shown that interactions with
neighboring electronic spins play an important role, too
\citep{LUNGHI2019165325}. Thus, we investigate in our model both
cases: strong and weak magnetic moments of the
environmental spins.

Figure~\xref{fig:energie0} illustrates the system we are interested
in, a Heisenberg coupled spin dimer with $s_1 = s_2 = 1/2$ and thus four energy
levels. Two of them are completely independent of the external
magnetic field, not only to first order. We will refer to a
superposition between these two states as our clock like
scenario.   Experimentally, it is possible to create and
manipulate these superpositions \citep{Baeeaau4159}. In view of
this, such systems are individually controllable; this meets
an important criterion for the
usability in the context of quantum computing as pointed out in
the beginning. In the experiment
the dimer consists of two titanium atoms, a localized
time-dependent magnetic field was realized by means of an STM
tip. The tip moved one atom in an inhomogeneous magnetic
field. In this way, the atom experienced a time-dependent
magnetic field. A small difference in the Land\'{e} factors of the
two atoms was also compensated by the tip.

As a side note we want to point out that manipulation of single
(molecular) spins is usually difficult. Magnetically this is possible by
means of an STM. But in the area of spintronics much research is
also being devoted to how individual spins can be manipulated by
means of time-dependent
electric fields as an alternative approach \citep{PhysRevLett.122.037202, GFB:PRL17}.

The paper is organized as follows. In Section \ref{sec-2} we
introduce the theoretical model.
In Section~\ref{sec-3} we explain the different scenarios we
investigate for the initial state of the dimer and how we
prepare the environment. We also point out why decoherence is a
process for which no energy exchange between system and
environment is needed; it therefore differs from relaxation and
thermalization. In Section~\ref{sec-4} we show our numerical
results.
The article closes with a discussion in Section~\ref{sec-5}.

\section{Model}
\label{sec-2}

The Hamiltonian of our model consists of three parts
\begin{equation}
  \op H = \op H_S + \op H_{SE} + \op H_E
\ .
\label{hamilton}
\end{equation}

The first part $\op H_S$ (system Hamiltonian) describes the spin
dimer and contains Heisenberg and Zeeman terms
\begin{equation}
\op{H}_S = J \op{\vec{s}}_1 \cdot \op{\vec{s}}_2 + g_S \mu_S B
(\op{s}_1^z + \op{s}_2^z)
\ .
\end{equation}

The magnetic field $B$ is constant and points into
$z$-direction. The coupling constant $J$ is chosen to be
antiferromagnetic ($J = 9.425$ K, with $\hbar = k_B =
1$) and of the same order of magnitude as   measured in the
experiment \citep{Baeeaau4159}. The magnetic interaction
strength $g_S \mu_S = 1.3434$ K/T is chosen to be the same as
for free electrons.  The dimer consists of two spins $s_1 = s_2 = 1/2$ so
that $\op{H}_S$ has four energy eigenvalues. The spins couple
either to total spin $S = 0$ (singlet), or to a spin
$S = 1$ (triplet). As marked in \figref{fig:energie0},
the eigenstates of the singlet and the
non-magnetic triplet state are given by
\begin{equation}
\ket{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^{\pm}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( \ket{\uparrow
  \downarrow} \pm \ket{\downarrow \uparrow} \right)
\ ,
\label{eigenstates1}
\end{equation}

and the other two states of the triplet are provided by the
polarized states $\ket{\uparrow \uparrow}$ and $\ket{\downarrow
  \downarrow}$.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.85\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-1.png}
\caption{\label{fig:energie0} Energy eigenvalues of
  $\op{H}_S$. The singlet state is shown in red, the
  non-magnetic triplet state in blue and the other two triplet
  states in black.}
\end{figure}

The second part $\op H_{SE}$ of Hamiltonian \eqref{hamilton}
contains dipolar interactions between dimer and $(N-2)$
environmental spins
\begin{equation}
\op{H}_{SE} = \sum_{i = 1}^2 \sum_{j = 3}^{N}
\frac{A_1}{r_{ij}^3} \left( \op{\vec{s}}_i  \cdot \op{\vec{s}}_j
-  \frac{3 (\op{\vec{s}}_i  \cdot \vec{r}_{ij}  ) (
  \op{\vec{s}}_j \cdot \vec{r}_{ij} )}{r_{ij}^2} \right)
\end{equation}

with constant
\begin{equation}
  A_1 = \frac{\mu_0 g_S \mu_S g \mu}{4 \pi}
\ .
\end{equation}

We will use the factor $g \mu$ as tunable parameter for the
dipolar interaction strength of the environmental spins and
therefore the coupling between system and environment.

The last part $\op H_{E}$ contains dipolar interactions
between different environmental spins and their Zeeman terms
\begin{align}
\op{H}_E =& \lambda \sum_{i = 3}^{N} \sum_{j = i +1}^{N}
\frac{A_2}{r_{ij}^3} \left( \op{\vec{s}}_{i} \cdot
\op{\vec{s}}_{j} -  \frac{ 3 ( \op{\vec{s}}_{i} \cdot
  \vec{r}_{ij}  ) ( \op{\vec{s}}_{j} \cdot \vec{r}_{ij}
  )}{r_{ij}^2} \right) \notag \\
&+ \sum_{i = 3}^{N} g \mu (B + \Delta B_i) \op{s}_i^z
\label{henv}
\end{align}

with constant
\begin{equation}
A_2 = \frac{\mu_0 (g \mu)^2}{4 \pi}
\end{equation}

and magnetic fluctuations $\Delta B_i$ at the individual
positions of the environmental spins. We found that in our
scenarios these inhomogeneities make no difference; we therefore
apply in the following $\Delta B_i = 0$ $\forall i$. The
factor
$\lambda$ in Hamiltonian \eqref{henv} allows us to scale the
dipolar interactions among environmental spins only,
without changing $\op H_{SE}$. Increasing the
value of $\lambda$ is comparable
to a situation where the environmental spins are closer together
and therefore interact stronger.

In case of dipolar interactions we need to choose spatial
coordinates of all spins. Altogether we choose $N = 20$ spins of
which $(N -2)$ are environmental spins. We arrange each half of
them randomly around the two spins of the dimer on a spherical
surface with radius $R = 1.5 \; \mathring{A} $. The model is
illustrated in Figure~\xref{fig:2}.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.85\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig:2} Symbolic visualization of the
  investigated model. The two spins of the dimer are shown in
  red and blue and there are nine environmental spins on a
  spherical surface around both of them.}
\end{figure}

We pretend the two spins of the dimer $s_1$ and $s_2$ far apart
($r_{ij} \rightarrow \infty$), so that with respect to the
dipolar interactions the two clusters of environmental spins do
not mutually interact. This simplifies the calculation and
should not be unphysical, since the dipolar interactions
decrease with $r_{ij}^3$. This trick also allows us to
diagonalize the Hamiltonian $\op H_S + \op H_E$ (without $\op
H_{SE}$) because the effective Hilbert space is smaller and we
can show the energy spectrum of system and environment. But in
order to perform time evolution including $\op H_{SE}$ the
Hilbert space is too large to diagonalize the Hamiltonian, and we
rely on other numerical methods.

Figure~\xref{fig:3} shows the energy spectrum of $\op H_E$ with
parameters $B = -1$ T, $g\mu = 0.6717$ K/T and $\lambda =
1$. Figure~\xref{fig:4} shows the combined spectrum of $\op H_S +
\op H_E$ with the same parameters. Most energy eigenvalues are
centered around the singlet and the triplet region of the dimer,
which gives two peaks in the distribution of energy values but also energies
in between. Therefore, the
interaction $\op H_{SE}$ will cause transitions between levels of this
spectrum when the system is time-evolved with the full
Hamiltonian \fmref{hamilton}, even for small interactions $\op H_{SE}$.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-3.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:3} Histogrammed number of energy eigenvalues of
  environmental Hamiltonian $\op H_E$ at $B = -1$ T.
  The magnetic interaction strength is chosen
  to be $g \mu = 0.6717$ K/T with scaling parameter $\lambda =
  1$. The total number of energy eigenvalues is $2^{18}$.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-4.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:4} Histogrammed number of energy eigenvalues of
  Hamiltonian $\op H_S + \op H_E$ at $B = -1$ T.
  The magnetic interaction strength is chosen
  to be $g \mu = 0.6717$ K/T with scaling parameter $\lambda =
  1$. The total number of energy eigenvalues is $2^{20}$.}
\end{figure}

In general, our approach is very similar to central spin models
with the difference that we have two spins of interest in the
center \citep{PhysRevB.88.155305, PhysRevLett.100.160505}.

\section{Preparations}
\label{sec-3}

In all following calculations we initialize the total state in a product
\begin{equation}
\ket{\psi (t = 0)} = \ket{\psi_S} \otimes \ket{\psi_E}
\label{initial}
\end{equation}

of dimer and its environment. As initial state of the dimer we
investigate different scenarios. We choose between four
initial states $\ket{\psi_S}$ that are all
superpositions of eigenstates  of $\op{H}_S$
\begin{align}
\label{scena1}
\textsf{A:} \;& \ket{\psi_S} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( \ket{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^+} +  \ket{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^-} \right) = \ket{\uparrow \downarrow}  \\
\label{scena2}
\textsf{B:} \;& \ket{\psi_S} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( \ket{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^+} + \ket{\downarrow \downarrow} \right)  \\
&\; \; \; \; \; \; \; \;= \frac{1}{2} \ket{\uparrow \downarrow} + \frac{1}{2} \ket{\downarrow \uparrow} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ket{\downarrow \downarrow} \notag \\
\label{scena3}
\textsf{C:} \;& \ket{\psi_S} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( \ket{\uparrow \uparrow} + \ket{\downarrow \downarrow} \right)  \\
\label{scena4}
\textsf{D:} \;& \ket{\psi_S} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( \ket{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^-} + \ket{\downarrow \downarrow} \right)  \\
&\; \; \; \; \; \; \; \;= \frac{1}{2} \ket{\uparrow \downarrow} - \frac{1}{2} \ket{\downarrow \uparrow} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ket{\downarrow \downarrow}.\notag
\end{align}

To make a statement if the initial state of the dimer
in scenario A has a long decoherence time we need to compare it
with a reference in the same model environment. Our reference
will be the scenarios B, C and D which are non-clocklike
superpositions. Due to dipolar interactions with the
environmental spins, the state \eqref{initial} will not remain a
product state: system and environment will entangle.

Since our Hamiltonian is time-independent, time evolution is given by
\begin{equation}
\ket{\psi (t)} = \op U(t) \ket{\psi (0)} = e^{-i \op H t} \ket{\psi (0)}
\end{equation}
with time evolution operator $\op U(t)$ and full
Hamiltonian $\op H$, \eqref{hamilton}. We calculate the evolution
with a Suzuki-Trotter product expansion numerically exact
\citep{raedt2004computational}.
As the initial state of the
environment $\ket{\psi_E}$ we choose a random state with
Gaussian distributed coefficients, both for real and
imaginary parts. In this way, we reach all of the possible states
with the same probability
\cite{Haa:AM33,CoS:CMP06,BaG:PRL09,Rei:NC16}. The state
$\ket{\psi_E}$
is maximally uncorrelated, also referred to as an infinite
temperature state.

In general, the state of the environment can have a considerable impact
on the decoherence behavior of
the system as already pointed out in
\citep{PhysRevB.77.184301, PhysRevA.87.022117}. For example the
environment could be at a lower temperature. In such a case, not
the full energy spectrum of the environment is occupied
if the width of the
spectrum is much larger than $k_B T$, which changes the
thermalization (and maybe also decoherence) process
\citep{PhysRevE.88.042121}. This is typically not the case for nuclear
spins with small magnetic moments, but in the case of a dense
electronic environment the temperature of the latter could become
important. Such effects will not be covered in this
paper.

Regarding the set of all possible environmental states
low temperatures are special. The overwhelming majority of all
possible states we obtain by choosing a random state will be
close to infinite temperature and behave the same, i.e. typically
according to the concept of typicality \cite{GMM:09,BRG:18,ReG:PA19}.
For this reason the dynamics we will
show for one single random state
already represents the dynamics for most of all possible environmental
states, cf. \cite{PhysRevE.97.062129,BaG:PRL09,Rei:NC16,PhysRevLett.122.080603}.

All information about the dimer is contained in the reduced density matrix
\begin{equation}
\op \rho = \textsl{Tr}_{E} \left( \op{\rho}_{SE} \right),
\label{density}
\end{equation}
in which $\op{\rho}_{SE} = \ket{\psi} \bra{\psi}$ is the density
matrix of the quantum state of the total system. Regarding the
initial state \eqref{initial} the reduced density matrix
\eqref{density} describes a pure state, but becomes mixed over
time through interactions $\op{H}_{SE}$. This process of
entanglement is the essence of decoherence for an observer of
the dimer \citep{RevModPhys.76.1267,
  2014arXiv1404.2635S}. Written in the basis of the eigenstates
of $\op{H}_S$, the reduced density matrix \eqref{density}
contains non-diagonal interference terms which decay over
time.

There are various ways of quantifying decoherence; for
example  purity $\textsl{Tr} \left( \op{\rho}^2 \right)$ or the
von Neumann entropy $S = - \textsl{Tr} \left( \op \rho \ln \op
\rho \right)$ \citep{SciPostPhys.2.2.010}. We decided to look
directly at the relevant (depending on the scenario)
non-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix. The more
entangled the system and environment are, the smaller the
absolute value of these matrix elements becomes and the more quantum mechanical
superpositions of the dimer are destroyed. Of course,
superpositions and coherence still exist at the level of the complete
state of the total system including
the environment, but experimentally the measurement statistics
of the dimer as a subsystem turns more and more into a classical
mixture.

We want to point out that this entanglement and therefore the
decay of the non-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix
in general do not require a substantial energy exchange between system
and environment \citep{Obada_2007}. Imagine a product state such as
\eqref{initial} and the system in a superposition $\ket{\psi_S}
= \ket{\psi_{S_1}} + \ket{\psi_{S_2}}$. The state
\eqref{initial} can then be written as
\begin{align}
\ket{\psi} &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( \ket{\psi_{S_1}} + \ket{\psi_{S_2}} \right) \otimes \ket{\psi_E} \notag \\
&= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ket{\psi_{S_1}} \otimes \ket{\psi_E} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ket{\psi_{S_2}} \otimes \ket{\psi_E}.
\label{example}
\end{align}

If the Hilbert space of the environment is very large, there
will exist states $\ket{\psi_{E^{'}}}$ which lie infinitesimally
close in energy but are orthogonal to $\ket{\psi_E}$,
$\braket{\psi_E | \psi_{E^{'}}} = 0$. If the interaction between
system and environment propagates the state \eqref{example} into
\begin{align}
  \rightarrow \;\;\; \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ket{\psi_{S_1}} \otimes \ket{\psi_E}
  + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ket{\psi_{S_2}} \otimes \ket{\psi_{E^{'}}}
\label{example2}
\end{align}

the energy distribution between system and environment has not
changed, but the non-diagonal elements in the reduced density
matrix that represent the superposition of $\ket{\psi_{S_1}}$
and $\ket{\psi_{S_2}}$ have completely decayed.

\section{Calculations}
\label{sec-4}

In all following calculations the external magnetic field is
fixed to be $B = -1$ T. We investigate the behavior of the four
different initial scenarios A, B, C and D described by equations
\fmref{scena1}, \fmref{scena2}, \fmref{scena3} and
\fmref{scena4}. To begin with, we fix $\lambda = 1$ and vary the
magnetic interaction strength $g \mu$ of the environmental
spins, which affects both $\op H_{SE}$ and $\op H_{E}$.

In Figs. \xref{fig:5}, \xref{fig:6} and \xref{fig:7} the
absolute
value of the relevant non-diagonal element
$|\rho_{ij}|$ of the reduced density matrix \eqref{density} is
shown. For scenario A this is $|\bra{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^+} \op \rho
\ket{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^-}|$, for scenario B it is $|\bra{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^+} \op
\rho \ket{\downarrow \downarrow}|$, for scenario C it is $|\bra{\uparrow \uparrow} \op
\rho \ket{\downarrow \downarrow}|$ and for scenario D it is $|\bra{\psi_{\textsl{Clock}}^-} \op
\rho \ket{\downarrow \downarrow}|$. These values decay
through interactions with the environment $\op H_{SE}$, in most
of the shown cases approximately exponentially. But for the weaker
environments a Gaussian like decay is possible as also
pointed out in \citep{PhysRevB.77.184301}.

Figs. \xref{fig:8}, \xref{fig:9} and \xref{fig:10} show the
associated real parts of these matrix elements. They oscillate
with  a frequency $\omega$ equal to the transition
energy of the two $\op H_S$ eigenstates the superposition is
built of (cf. \figref{fig:energie0}). For scenarios A and D
this is a much higher frequency than in scenarios B and C. Here
we clearly see that the transition energy $\omega$ is not the
most important parameter in the sense that it alone would set the
timescale for decoherence. Scenario D has a much shorter decoherence
time although it has almost the same $\omega$ as scenario A.
We already pointed out that an energy transfer (relaxation) from
system to environment or the other way around is not necessary
for decoherence \citep{Obada_2007}.

The timescale of decoherence is primarily given by the strength of
$\op H_{SE}$. This part of the Hamiltonian depends linearly on
the magnetic moments $g \mu$ of the environmental spins. In
Figure~\xref{fig:5} this parameter is chosen as $g \mu = 0.3359$ K/T, rising up to $g \mu
= 0.6717$ K/T in Fig.~\xref{fig:6} and to $g \mu = 1.3434$ K/T in
Fig.~\xref{fig:7}. We find that in all these cases scenario A
performs best regarding its decoherence time, but its advantage
becomes drastically smaller when the environment couples stronger to the system
(larger $g \mu$).

\clearpage

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-5.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:5} Evolution of the absolute value of
  the relevant non-diagonal element $|\rho_{ij}|$ of the reduced
  density matrix \eqref{density} in the different scenarios A, B, C and D described in equations \fmref{scena1}, \fmref{scena2}, \fmref{scena3} and \fmref{scena4}. The chosen
  parameters are $\lambda = 1$, $g \mu = 0.3359$ K/T and $B =
  -1$ T.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-6.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:6} Same as \figref{fig:5}, but with $g \mu = 0.6717$ K/T.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-7.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:7} Same as \figref{fig:5}, but with $g \mu = 1.3434$ K/T and a shorter period of time.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-8.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:8} Same as \figref{fig:5}, but the real
  part of $\rho_{ij}$ (with integer offsets) is shown instead
  of the absolute value. The oscillation frequency in the
  different scenarios A, B, C and D is given by the transition
  energies in Fig. \ref{fig:energie0}. The amplitude of this oscillation is given by the absolute value of $\rho_{ij}$.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-9.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:9} Same as \figref{fig:8}, but with $g \mu = 0.6717$ K/T.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-10.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:10} Same as \figref{fig:8}, but with $g \mu = 1.3434$ K/T and a shorter period of time.}
\end{figure}

Figures \xref{fig:11}, \xref{fig:12} and \xref{fig:13} show time
evolutions of initial scenario A for a lot of different values
of $\lambda$ and again different parameters $g \mu$. Here we see
that $\lambda$, which scales the strength of the
internal dynamic of the bath only, has a big impact on
the decoherence behavior of the system. In case of a weak coupling between
system and environment (\figref{fig:11}) a large value of
$\lambda$ changes the decoherence behavior from  approximately Gaussian to
exponential. Further increasing $\lambda$ leads to an oscillating decoherence time in
a certain range.

For a strong coupling between system and environment
(\figref{fig:13}) the decay is always exponential even if
$\lambda = 0$, and in this regime the decoherence time can be
significantly improved by increasing $\lambda$.

Another effect we see in all three figures is that for a small
value of $\lambda \leq 1$ the decaying $|\rho_{ij}|$ has got a
superimposed oscillation. In the case of the Gaussian decay, this
oscillation is distinctive right at the beginning, while in the
exponential case it is visible at later times.

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-11.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:11} Evolution of the absolute value of
  the relevant non-diagonal element $|\rho_{ij}|$ of the reduced
  density matrix \eqref{density} in initial scenario A for
  different scaling parameters $\lambda$ and fixed parameters  $g
  \mu = 0.3359$ K/T and $B = -1$ T. Increasing $\lambda$ leads
  to a transition from Gaussian to exponential decay law.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-12.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:12} Same as \figref{fig:11}, but with $g \mu = 0.6717$ K/T.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics*[clip,width=0.75\columnwidth]{pv-js-clock-fig-13.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:13} Same as \figref{fig:11}, but with $g \mu
  = 1.3434$ K/T and a shorter period of time. In this regime a stronger interaction between
  environmental spins leads to a relative increase of decoherence
  time with growing $\lambda$.}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary}
\label{sec-5}

In our investigation we study the decoherence of a single
Heisenberg-coupled spin dimer interacting with a spin bath.
We restrict ourselves to the effect of dipolar interactions on decoherence.
Other sources of decoherence such as phonons \citep{PrS:RPP00}
will be postponed to future investigations. We prepared the system
in different initial states (A, B, C, and D) and find that indeed
the clocklike superposition A has longer
decoherence times than other initial scenarios.
Our notion of decoherence time refers to a setting where a single
dimer subject to a spin bath is investigated. This differs from
usual investigations of decoherence, where $T_2^{*}$ times characterize
a dephasing ensemble.

The advantage of the clocklike scenario is impressive in a
regime of a small coupling between system and environment. The
difference between the scenarios is getting smaller with rising
strength of this coupling. In the case of a weak coupling between
system and environment the clock like superposition decays
Gaussian if the internal bath interactions are small enough,
otherwise the decay
becomes exponential and the decoherence time gets much worse.

In the case of a strong coupling between system and environment the
decay of superpositions is always
exponential, even if the environmental spins do not interact
with each other at all ($\lambda = 0$). One surprising result is that
in this regime the decoherence time can be improved
significantly by rising the internal interaction strength among
the bath spins. A possible explanation using Fermi's golden rule
might be that in this regime the smaller density of
bath states leads to slower decoherence as it does
equivalently for thermalization \cite{HKG:arXiv19,STS:PRB19}.
The effect of a small density of bath states on decoherence
needs to be further investigated, both theoretically
and experimentally.

A final remark concerns the special arrangement of the environmental
spins in our study. We studied several other arrangements, in particular
also one, where all environmental spins are situated in the lower hemispheres
around the dimer spins -- a situation that appears to be more adapted
to the experimental situation. However, our numerical experience yields that
the various geometries
change the decoherence of the system primarily through a
different interaction strength between environmental spins (for
a fixed distance between dimer and bath), which is covered in
our model by choosing different factors $\lambda$.

\section*{Acknowledgment}

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG
355031190 (FOR~2692); 397300368 (SCHN~615/25-1)).
P.V. thanks Lennart Dabelow for fruitful discussions and Kristel
Michielsen, Hans De Raedt, as well as Fengping Jin for helpful
advise concerning advanced numerics.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The nineteenth annual Ventura County Stand Down will take place July 29, 30 & 31, 2011, and will be held at the California Army National Guard Armory in Ventura.
The purpose of this effort is to assist veterans break out of the cycle of homelessness. Veterans in the Counties of Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and Los Angeles will participate this year.
Stand Down refers to a grassroots, community-based intervention program designed to help the veterans who are homeless "combat" life on the streets. The hand up philosophy of Stand Down is carried out through the work of hundreds of volunteers and organizations who truly demonstrate the American spirit of volunteerism on behalf of veterans who are homeless. They demonstrate that ordinary people can do extraordinary things in assisting veterans become productive citizens of the community. Elton Gallegly, Congressman, 24th District, has been honorary co-chair of this event for 19 consecutive years.
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Claire Hope, Founder & Chairperson for 19 consecutive years, is a 17-year resident of Camarillo whose father was a WWII veteran, husband is a WWII and Korean veteran, and her son is a Persian Gulf Veteran.


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The Windows Installer service runs as LocalSystem in its own process. It does not share an executable file with other services. If the Windows Installer fails to load or initialize, the error is recorded into the Event Log. Windows 7 startup should proceed, but a message box is displayed informing you that the msiserver service has failed to start.
Windows Installer will not start, if the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) service is stopped or disabled.
2. Save the RestoreWindowsInstallerWindows7.bat file to any folder on your hard drive.
Note. Make sure that the msiexec.exe file exists in the %WinDir%\system32 folder. If this file is missing you can try to restore it from your Windows 7 installation media.


text:
Sayouba Mandé (born 15 June 1993) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for FC Helsingør, on loan from Danish Superliga team OB.

Club career
Mandé joined Stabæk in late March 2012 from the same Ivorian academy as Franck Boli, originally on loan until 31 July 2012. He played the first two games of the 2012 Norwegian Football Cup, and made his league debut on 20 May 2012 against FK Haugesund.

International career
Mandé made his international debut for Ivory Coast in a friendly match against Belgium on 5 March 2014, and was later called up to the 2014 World Cup squad.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Ivory Coast
 Africa Cup of Nations: 2015

References

1993 births
Living people
Ivorian footballers
Ivorian expatriate footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Stabæk Fotball players
Odense Boldklub players
FC Helsingør players
Eliteserien players
Footballers from Abidjan
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
2017 Africa Cup of Nations players
Ivory Coast international footballers
Africa Cup of Nations-winning players
Norwegian First Division players
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark


The focus of this book is the rock art of the south of Leinster, which forms the south-eastern corner of Ireland. Although suggestive of modern music and related art forms, 'rock art' is the name applied by archaeologists to a particular type of prehistoric art found in northern and Atlantic Europe. Irish rock art most likely dates from the early Neolithic period, 4000-3400 BC. But such is the lack of awareness of the rock art of south Leinster that it has never received any attention amongst researchers of Irish rock art. Indeed, it will most likely come as a gereat surprise to many to learn of the extent of rock art in this region. Nothwithstanding this dearth of research to date, the author's intention is to make rock art accessible to a wider audience and to provide an important baseline of data and observations for future research.