The invention provides a method of treating vulnerable plaque at a site in a vessel. A vulnerable plaque site is identified for treatment. A radiation source is introduced into a vessel containing a vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment. The radiation source is guided to a position adjacent to the treatment site. A therapeutically effective dose of radiation is delivered to the vulnerable plaque site. As the radiation impinges upon the wall of the lumen, it promotes cell growth. Such growth can serve to strengthen the thin fibrous cap found atop a vulnerable plaque lesion. With the lesion thus stabilized, time is provided for the use of statin drugs or other agents to shrink or remove the lipid pool beneath the cap.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/465,748, "Method of Treating Vulnerable Plaque Using a Catheter-based Radiation System" to Mark Brister, filed Apr. 25, 2003, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference.
This invention relates generally to treatment of coronary artery disease. More specifically, the invention relates to treatment of vulnerable plaque using a catheter-based radiation system.
Heart disease, specifically coronary artery disease, is a major cause of death, disability, and healthcare expense in the United States and other industrialized countries. Until recently, most heart disease was considered to be primarily the result of a progressive increase of hard plaque in the coronary arteries. This atherosclerotic disease process of hard plaques leads to a critical narrowing (stenosis) of the affected coronary artery and produces anginal syndromes, known commonly as chest pain. The progression of the narrowing reduces blood flow, triggering the formation of a blood clot (thrombus). The clot may choke off the flow of oxygen-rich blood (ischemia) to heart muscles, causing a heart attack. Alternatively, the clot may break off and lodge in the vessel of another organ, such as the brain, resulting in a thrombotic stroke. Within the past decade, evidence has emerged changing the paradigm of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and heart attacks. While the buildup of hard plaque may produce angina and severe ischemia in the coronary arteries, new clinical data suggest that the rupture of vulnerable plaques, which are often non-occlusive, per se, causes the vast majority of heart attacks. The rate is estimated as high as 60-80 percent.
In many instances, vulnerable plaques do not impinge on the vessel lumen; rather, much like an abscess, they are ingrained within the arterial wall. The majority of vulnerable plaques include a lipid pool, smooth muscle (endothelial) cells, and a dense infiltrate of macrophages contained by a thin fibrous cap. The lipid pool is believed to be formed as a result of pathological process involving low density lipoprotein (LDL), macrophages, and the inflammatory process. The macrophages oxidize the LDL, producing foam cells.
The macrophages, foam cells, and associated endothelial cells release various substances, such as tumor necrosis factor, tissue factor, and matrix proteinases, which result in generalized cell necrosis and apoptosis, pro-coagulation, and weakening of the fibrous cap. The inflammation process may weaken the fibrous cap to the extent that sufficient mechanical stress, such as that produced by increased blood pressure, may result in rupture. The lipid core and other contents of the vulnerable plaque may then spill into the blood stream, thereby initiating a clotting cascade. The cascade produces a blood clot that potentially results in a heart attack and/or stroke. The process is exacerbated due to the release of collagen and plaque components (e.g., collagen and tissue factor), which enhance clotting upon their release.
Various methods of identifying vulnerable plaques have been proposed. These include sensing the temperature differential between healthy vascular tissue and the inflamed tissue of a vulnerable plaque. Devices that identify vulnerable plaques by the higher temperature of the inflamed tissue have been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,924,997 to Campbell and U.S. Pat. No. 6,475,159 to Casscells, et al. A spectrographic identification method for vulnerable plaques is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,475,210 to Phelps, et al.
Currently there are few strategies for reliably treating vulnerable plaques. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), which is commonly used to treat hard plaques, is contraindicated. In this procedure, a catheter having an inflatable balloon at its distal end is introduced into the coronary artery, and the balloon is inflated to flatten the hard plaque against the arterial wall. Inflation of a balloon catheter near a vulnerable plaque could rupture the thin fibrous cap covering the lipid pool, resulting in precisely the clotting cascade that treatment would seek to prevent. However, radiation treatment, which has been used to prevent the restenosis that sometimes occurs following PTCA, holds promise in treating vulnerable plaques.
While high levels of radiation inhibit stenosis, lower levels appear to promote cell growth and encourage restenosis. For example, hyperplasia has been seen to occur at the distal and proximal edges of a treated area due to reduced radiation exposure at these edges. The resulting stenosis at either end of the treated area is termed a "candy-wrapper" effect.
Thickening of the inner wall of a vessel is clearly an unwanted and deleterious side effect when treating hard plaques. However, such thickening could have a positive effect when it serves to strengthen the thin fibrous cap found atop a vulnerable plaque lesion. With the lesion thus stabilized, time is provided for the use of statin drugs or other agents to shrink or remove the lipid pool.
Radiation therapy can be accomplished in a variety of ways, as discussed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,561 to Weinstein et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,384 to Fearnot, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,613 to Weinberger. Among other radiation therapy devices, these references disclose a guide wire having a radioactive tip, a radioactive source within a balloon catheter, and a radioactive source mounted on a balloon expansible stent. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,846 B1, Chornenky et al. disclose an improved device for delivering localized x-ray radiation and a method for fabricating such a device.
It would be desirable to have a method of treating vulnerable plaques that overcomes the clear disadvantages of traditional methods of plaque treatment such as PTCA, while realizing the benefits of radiation therapy.
One aspect of the present invention is a method of treating vulnerable plaque at a site in a vessel. A vulnerable plaque site is identified for treatment. A radiation source is introduced into a vessel containing the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment. The radiation source is guided to a position adjacent to the identified treatment site. A therapeutically effective dose of radiation is then delivered to the identified vulnerable plaque site.
Prior to carrying out the above steps, a percutaneous access site may be made into a vessel to be treated or a vessel that leads to a vessel to be treated. A guiding catheter may be advanced through the percutaneous access site to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
After a therapeutically effective dose of radiation has been delivered to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment, the radiation source may be withdrawn from the vessel.
Another aspect of the present invention is a system for treating vulnerable plaque at a site in a vessel. The system comprises means for identifying a vulnerable plaque site for treatment, introducing a radiation source into a vessel containing the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment, guiding the radiation source to a position adjacent to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment, and delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment. The treatment system may also comprise means for first making a percutaneous access site into a vessel to be treated or a vessel that leads to a vessel to be treated and advancing a guiding catheter through the percutaneous access site to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment. The system may further comprise means for withdrawing the radiation source from the vessel after a therapeutically effective dose of radiation has been delivered to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
The aforementioned and other features and advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the invention rather than limiting, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of another embodiment of a method of treating vulnerable plaque at a site in a vessel, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of one embodiment of a system for treating vulnerable plaque at a site in a vessel, in accordance with the current invention.
One aspect of the present invention is a method of treating vulnerable plaque at a site in a vessel. FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of one embodiment of the method at 100, in accordance with the present invention.
A vulnerable plaque site may be identified for treatment (Block 105). Identification is an important element in treating vulnerable plaques because it permits treatment to be delivered to a precise location. Identification may be accomplished using methods such as thermography or spectrography.
A catheter-based radiation source may be introduced into the vessel containing the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 110). The radiation source may be, for example, a radioactive wire, a radioactive strip, a radioactive pellet, a radioactive stent, a receptacle or lumen that contains radioactive material, a receptacle or lumen that receives radioactive material, a receptacle or lumen that is coated with radioactive material, a device for delivering x-ray radiation, and the like. The radiation source may be guided to a position adjacent to the treatment site (Block 115).
The radiation source may be activated, for example by withdrawing a sheath covering the radiation source or by providing voltage to a device for delivering localized x-ray radiation (Block 120). The present embodiment is not limited to a particular x-ray device; however, the invention is especially useful with the device described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,846 B1, incorporated herein by reference.
A therapeutically effective dose of radiation, for example 5-20 Gray (Gy), may be delivered to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 125). As the radiation impinges upon the wall of the lumen, it promotes cell growth. Such growth can serve to strengthen the thin fibrous cap found atop a vulnerable plaque lesion, preventing or postponing rupture of the cap and providing time for the use of statin drugs or other agents to shrink or remove the lipid pool beneath the cap.
If the radiation source is a radioactive stent, the source may be left in place within the vessel. Otherwise, the source may be deactivated (Block 130) and withdrawn (Block 135) after a therapeutically effective dose of radiation has been delivered to the vulnerable plaque site.
Another embodiment of the method, in accordance with the present invention, is diagrammed in FIG. 2 at 200.
A vulnerable plaque site may be identified for treatment (Block 205). Identification is an important element in treating vulnerable plaques because it permits treatment to be delivered to a precise location. Identification may be accomplished using methods such as thermography or spectrography.
A percutaneous access site may be created in the vessel to be treated or a vessel that leads to the vessel to be treated (Block 210). A guiding catheter may be introduced through the percutaneous access site and advanced to a position that is adjacent to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 215).
A catheter-based radiation treatment device may be introduced into the guiding catheter, either over a guide wire or directly into the guiding catheter (Block 220). The radiation treatment device may be guided to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 225).
An expandable structure such as a balloon that is included on the radiation device may be expanded distal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 230). The structure should be adequately expanded such that it contacts the vessel walls without damaging tissue or rupturing the vulnerable plaque lesion. A second expandable structure included on the radiation device may be similarly expanded proximal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 235).
The one or more expandable structures may serve to center the radiation device in the vessel. Centering the device may provide more uniform exposure of the vessel walls to radiation emitted by the device. The present embodiment is not limited to a particular means of centering a catheter-based radiation device within a vessel. However, the invention is especially useful with the means described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,338,709 B1, incorporated herein by reference.
The one or more expandable structures may be fabricated of a material that is capable of substantially shielding the area of the vessel distal and proximal to the vulnerable plaque site from unwanted radioactive exposure.
The radiation treatment device may be activated, for example by withdrawing a sheath covering the radiation source or by providing power to a device for delivering localized x-ray radiation (Block 240). The present embodiment is not limited to a particular x-ray device; however, the invention is especially useful with the x-ray device described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,846 B1, incorporated herein by reference.
A therapeutically effective dose of radiation, for example 5-20 Gray (Gy), may then be delivered to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 245). After a therapeutically effective dose of radiation has been delivered to the vulnerable plaque site, the radiation treatment device may be deactivated, for example by resheathing the radiation source or by discontinuing power to the x-ray radiation device (Block 250).
The one or more expandable structures included on the radiation device may be returned to an unexpanded state (Block 255), and the catheter-based radiation treatment device may be withdrawn from the vessel (Block 260). The guiding catheter may also be withdrawn from the vessel (Block 265).
Yet another embodiment of the method, in accordance with the present invention, is diagrammed in FIG. 3 at 300.
A vulnerable plaque site may be identified for treatment (Block 305). Identification is an important element in treating vulnerable plaques because it permits treatment to be delivered to a precise location. Identification may be accomplished using methods such as thermography or spectrography.
A percutaneous access site may be created in either the vessel to be treated or a vessel that leads to the vessel to be treated (Block 310). A guiding catheter may be introduced through the percutaneous access site and advanced to a position that is adjacent and distal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 315).
An expandable structure at the distal end of the guiding catheter, for example a balloon, may be expanded such that it contacts the vessel walls without damaging tissue, thereby centering the guiding catheter in the vessel (Block 320). The expandable structure may be fabricated of a material that is capable of substantially shielding the area of the vessel distal to the guiding catheter from unwanted radioactive exposure.
A catheter-based radiation treatment device may be introduced into the guiding catheter, either over a guide wire or directly into the guiding catheter (Block 325). The radiation treatment device may be guided to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 330). The radiation treatment device may be activated, for example by withdrawing a sheath covering the radiation source or by providing power to a device for delivering localized x-ray radiation (Block 335). The present embodiment is not limited to a particular x-ray device. However, the invention is especially useful with the x-ray device described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,846 B1, incorporated herein by reference.
A therapeutically effective dose of radiation, for example 5-20 Gray (Gy), may then be delivered to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment (Block 340). The radiation treatment device may be held stationary while irradiating the vessel, or it may be moved axially to treat the entire area of vulnerable plaque. If the treatment device is held stationary while irradiating the vessel, a second expandable shielding structure positioned on the treatment device proximal to the radiation source may be expanded to substantially shield the area of the vessel proximal to the intended treatment area from unwanted radioactive exposure.
After a therapeutically effective dose of radiation has been delivered to the vulnerable plaque site, the radiation treatment device may be deactivated, for example by resheathing the radiation source or by discontinuing power to the x-ray radiation device (Block 345). The catheter-based radiation treatment device may then be withdrawn from the vessel (Block 350) after returning any expandable structure to its unexpanded state.
The expandable structure at the distal end of the guiding catheter may be returned to an unexpanded state (Block 355), and the guiding catheter may be withdrawn (Block 360).
FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a system for treating vulnerable plaque at a site in a vessel, in accordance with the current invention, at 400.
System 400 contains a catheter 410, a guide wire 420, a device for identifying a vulnerable plaque site 430, and a radiation source 440.
A single catheter 410 is shown in FIG. 4 carrying both the identification device 430 and the radiation source 440. However, identification device 430 and radiation source 440 may be carried on two separate catheters.
Identification device 430 is used to identify a vulnerable plaque site for treatment. Identification may be accomplished using methods such as thermography or spectrography.
Radiation source 440 may be, for example, the x-ray device described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,846 B1, incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, it may be any appropriate radiation source capable of delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment. In this embodiment, a guide wire 420 is used to guide the radiation source to a position adjacent to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment, wherein a retractable shield surrounds the radiation source when the vessel is not being treated.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the radiation source is selected from a group consisting of a radioactive wire, a radioactive strip, a radioactive pellet, a radioactive stent, a receptacle or lumen that contains radioactive material, a receptacle or lumen that receives radioactive material, a receptacle or lumen that is coated with radioactive material, and a device for delivering x-ray radiation.
first making a percutaneous access site into one of a vessel to be treated or a vessel that leads to a vessel to be treated and advancing a guiding catheter through the percutaneous access site to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the guiding catheter includes a guide wire at least partially enclosed by the guiding catheter.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the radiation source is introduced over the guide wire.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the guide wire is withdrawn prior to introducing the radiation source.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein the guiding catheter includes at least one expandable structure adjacent a distal end of the catheter.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the expandable structure is a balloon.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the expandable structure is expanded prior to delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the expanded structure is in contact with the vessel to be treated at a location adjacent and distal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the expanded structure centers the guiding catheter within the vessel to be treated.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein the expanded structure shields the vessel to be treated from radiation exposure distal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein the expandable structure is returned to an unexpanded state after a therapeutically effective dose of radiation has been delivered to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the radiation source comprises at least one element of a radiation treatment device.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the radiation treatment device includes at least one expandable structure.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the expandable structure is expanded prior to delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the expandable structure is a balloon.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the expandable structure shields the vessel to be treated from radiation exposure beyond the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein the expandable structure is returned to an unexpanded state after a therapeutically effective dose of radiation has been delivered to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
20. The method of claim 15 wherein the expandable structure is adjacent to a proximal end of the radiation source.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the expandable structure is positioned within the vessel to be treated at a location adjacent and proximal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
22. The method of claim 15 wherein the expandable structure is adjacent to a distal end of the radiation source.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the expandable structure is positioned within the vessel to be treated at a location adjacent and distal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
24. The method of claim 15 wherein at least one expandable structure is adjacent to a distal end of the radiation source and at least one expandable structure is adjacent to a proximal end of the radiation source.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein at least one expandable structure is positioned within the vessel to be treated at a location adjacent and distal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment and at least one expandable structure is positioned within the vessel to be treated at a location adjacent and proximal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
26. The method of claim 1 wherein delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment comprises positioning the radiation source at the vulnerable plaque site and exposing the vessel to radiation while the device is stationary.
27. The method of claim 1 wherein delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment comprises positioning the radiation source at a point adjacent a distal edge of the vulnerable plaque site and exposing the vessel to radiation while the device is moved axially to treat the entire area of plaque.
withdrawing the radiation source from the vessel after a therapeutically effective dose of radiation has been delivered to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment, wherein the expanded structure shields the vessel to be treated from radiation exposure distal to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.
delivering a therapeutically effective dose of radiation to the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment, wherein the expanded structure shields the vessel to be treated from radiation exposure beyond the vulnerable plaque site identified for treatment.


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text:
Neurocristopathy is a diverse class of pathologies that may arise from defects in the development of tissues containing cells commonly derived from the embryonic neural crest cell lineage. The term was coined by Robert P. Bolande in 1974.

After the induction of the neural crest, the newly formed neural crest cells (NCC) delaminate from their tissue of origin and migrate from the entire neural axis of the vertebrate embryo to specific locations where they will give rise to different cell derivatives. The formation of this cell population therefore requires a timely and spatially controlled interplay of inter- and intra-cellular signals. An alteration in the occurrence and timing of these signals leads to a set of syndromes called Neurocristopathies (NCP), which comprises a broad spectrum of congenital malformations affecting an appreciable percentage of newborns. Moreover, since NCC migrate along the embryo, they are susceptible to subtle changes in the environment both during their migration and upon arrival at their destination. This means that even little modifications, either genetically or environmentally caused, in the external cues that modulate NCC migration have a deep effect on the normal migration and differentiation of these cells, thus becoming a causative factor for the development of NCP.

Recently, a new classification for this group of diseases has been proposed. This new criteria takes into account the axial origin of the NC population that contributes to the derived tissue affected in a particular NCP. According to this, some diseases have a single axial origin, i.e, they arise from an alteration in the development of only one NC population (e.g cranial NCP, such as Auriculo Condylar Syndrome). However, other NCP arise from a defect in two or more NC populations (such as the CHARGE syndrome).

Accepted examples of NCP are piebaldism, Waardenburg syndrome, Hirschsprung disease, Ondine's curse (congenital central hypoventilation syndrome), pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, Merkel cell carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia, neurofibromatosis type I, CHARGE syndrome, familial dysautonomia, DiGeorge syndrome, Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome (a.k.a. hemifacial microsomia), craniofrontonasal syndrome, congenital melanocytic nevus, melanoma, and certain congenital heart defects of the outflow tract. Recently, many diseases have been incorporated as NCP, mainly based on the finding of new NC derivatives. In particular, Multiple sclerosis has been suggested as being neurocristopathic in origin.

The usefulness of the definition resides in its ability to refer to a potentially common etiological factor for certain neoplasms and/or congenital malformation associations that are otherwise difficult to group with other means of nosology. Moreover, the classification of NCP is intended to help physicians understand the causal mechanism that drives the formation of a certain NCP, and therefore the selection of the correct diagnostic test and therapies.

References

Animal developmental biology
Medical terminology
1974 in biology
Congenital disorders
Genetic diseases and disorders
Embryology of nervous system

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Firefighters from the Jasper County Fire-Rescue, Ridgeland and Hardeeville Fire Departments joined together recently to donate blood to the American Red Cross Blood Services.
The event, dubbed the "Battle of the Badges" Blood Drive, was a countywide affair that involved members of each department and citizens of the community who donated on behalf of their favorite department.
"As first responders, the men and women of the fire departments know first hand the importance of donating blood," Wilbur Daley, Jasper County Fire-Rescue Chief, said.
Daley's crew at the Jasper County Fire-Rescue won the top honors in the drive, with Ridgeland and Hardeeville's departments finishing second and third, respectively.
The Jasper County Fire-Rescue Department received a trophy, in addition to the bragging rights, for its efforts.
Also, as an internal competition, the Jasper County Fire-Rescue recognized efforts for the shifts within the department. The top honor went to both Shift "A" and Shift "C", which both received the same number of donors.
"The officers, firefighters and citizens showed up in force, enthusiastically producing 34 pints of donated blood," Daley said.
The success of the drive has put into motion plans for the second annual "Battle of the Badges" Blood Drive, tentatively scheduled for Sept. 11.
Coordinators hope to include all fire departments as well as all law enforcement departments within Jasper County to increase participation.
In fact, an anticipated larger turnout will see the event expand to two separate collection locations; one at the Jasper County Emergency Operations Center located in Ridgeland and another tentatively scheduled to be held at the City of Hardeeville's community center.
Michele Kamet, Coastal District Senior Account Manager for the North Chatham and South Carolina Chapter of the American Red Cross, congratulated all those who participated on a job well done afterward.
"The event was a huge success and we could not have done it without their help," she said, in reference to each Jasper County department that took part.
Daley noted again the importance of giving blood and for his crews to be a part of the process.
"You never know when an emergency might arise where people need blood," he said. "This is the business we're in, helping the community and saving lives, so this is very fitting for the fire departments to want to help."


Indonesia recorded a trade deficit of 8.57 billion USD in 2018, the highest-ever level, according the country's Central Statistics Agency (BPS).
In 2017, the Southeast Asian country ran a trade surplus of 11.84 billion USD, the BPS said on January 15.
Indonesia's export turnover went up from 168.82 billion USD in 2017 to 180.06 billion USD in 2018. However, the import turnover also increased from 156.99 billion USD to 188.63 billion USD.
Head of the BPS Kecuk Suhariyanto said the cause of the deficit in 2018 was mostly due to the oil and gas deficit of 12.4 billion USD. Meanwhile, other fields saw a surplus of 3.84 billion USD, he unveiled.
The Indonesian Government has been applying measures to restrain imports such as imposing higher import duties on more than 1,000 items, adopting regulations on the compulsory use of biodiesel so as to reduce oil imports, and delaying some infrastructure construction projects./.


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Two different cops, Two different backgrounds, Two different types of law!
One has fame......the other's got game.
Not amounting to anything in life? Don't worry, neither is he.
Two couples, a government official, and an instruction manual. Do the math.
What if you wished everyone - and everything - would just go away!
The Shat hits the fan.
Perfect Car. Perfect Girl. Perfect Murder... Almost.


text:
addition >
CogSci midterm I (copy) Sat Oct 13 2018 18:26:09 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Jesus Sun Dec 16 2007 07:04:31 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Bio Test 2 Sun Jun 10 2007 23:11:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Chapter 5 vocab list Thu May 08 2008 22:45:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Lesson 3 Sat Jan 26 2008 00:11:36 GMT+0000 (UTC)
HH 10 History Exam 1 Tue Jan 22 2008 07:43:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Spanish - Semester 1 Final Tue Jan 29 2008 20:40:51 GMT+0000 (UTC)
APEL Terms Wed Sep 17 2008 01:52:54 GMT+0000 (UTC)
PA REAL ESTATE EXAM Mon May 14 2018 16:36:48 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Chapter 6 History Notes Sun Oct 26 2008 15:01:17 GMT+0000 (UTC)
cardiopathology Sat Jan 31 2009 12:35:59 GMT+0000 (UTC)
3e452 cdcs Sun Mar 29 2009 16:11:34 GMT+0000 (UTC)
3d1x5
3e4x1
pathologypt3 Tue Mar 24 2009 17:18:12 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Pathology pt 2 Thu Feb 12 2009 18:50:54 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Cell Injury and Inflammation Tue Jan 06 2009 22:48:08 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Criminal Justice Chapters 10-12 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:20 GMT+0000 (UTC)
criminal-justice
Japanese Vocab that I don't know Mon Nov 03 2008 09:13:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Spanish Chapter 4 Vocabulary Tue Oct 28 2008 18:10:09 GMT+0000 (UTC)
EPPP - Clinical Psychology (copy) Sun Dec 23 2018 17:43:09 GMT+0000 (UTC)
clincial
clinical1
EPPP Mon May 14 2018 16:36:45 GMT+0000 (UTC)
assessment-diagnostics
Riley Moore test Wed Apr 08 2009 00:06:25 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Emotion and memory Fri Apr 24 2009 15:26:47 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Theatre Mon Nov 03 2008 22:48:20 GMT+0000 (UTC)
EC Law Fri May 01 2009 19:58:18 GMT+0000 (UTC)
EPPP - Clinical Psychology Mon May 14 2018 16:37:22 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Spanish Expressions 6 Sun Dec 07 2008 21:34:44 GMT+0000 (UTC)
2008 Citizenship Questions Sun Oct 19 2008 15:00:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Cardiovascular Sun May 24 2009 23:12:59 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Citizenship Test Tue May 12 2009 15:41:39 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Pediatric Nursing Test 1 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:11 GMT+0000 (UTC)
g-amp;d
Sport Marketing Test Mon Nov 10 2008 14:26:14 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Chinese 2, Ch 8-2 Fri Jan 16 2009 03:40:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Agnosia Mon May 14 2018 16:37:03 GMT+0000 (UTC)
nipg
GEOG 121 Vocab Wed Dec 10 2008 17:00:37 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Amanda Sociology Final Mon May 14 2018 16:37:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Medical Surgical Nursing - Ch 30 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:17 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Attention Mon May 14 2018 16:37:01 GMT+0000 (UTC)
attention-nipg
notecards 901-1000 Mon Jan 26 2009 19:03:51 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Practices and Procedures Mon May 14 2018 16:37:07 GMT+0000 (UTC)
NR203 Test 3 Hepatic 7 Final Test Questions Mon May 14 2018 16:37:12 GMT+0000 (UTC)
8th Grade SS Call to Freedom Chapter 21 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:51 GMT+0000 (UTC)
GRE ROOTS With Example words Mon May 14 2018 16:37:09 GMT+0000 (UTC)
english-
tenminute french Tue Mar 31 2009 01:30:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
fetal heart and thorax Tue Sep 11 2007 15:53:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
GRE 1300 Word List Tue Mar 07 2006 12:03:35 GMT+0000 (UTC)
mpep
IFPA Thu Jul 05 2007 16:51:09 GMT+0000 (UTC)
midterm mus appreciation Mon Oct 19 2009 00:37:33 GMT+0000 (UTC)
American Payroll Association FPC Test Tue Apr 19 2011 12:58:41 GMT+0000 (UTC)
spanish prepositions Thu Aug 27 2009 15:11:47 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Spanish location prepositions Fri Oct 16 2009 13:15:36 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Biology Test Part 1 Tue Sep 15 2009 12:37:36 GMT+0000 (UTC)
history-test-part-1
taxonomy-is-a-rigorous
objective-science-
ROCK ON Tue Oct 13 2009 21:05:57 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Spanish Explorers Mon Nov 16 2009 17:01:36 GMT+0000 (UTC)
perrines vocab Sat Mar 10 2007 04:32:58 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Psych 300A final Tue Dec 01 2009 06:58:25 GMT+0000 (UTC)
PS2 IDs: 1st bunch Sun Dec 13 2009 23:53:49 GMT+0000 (UTC)
CogSci midterm I Sun Oct 11 2009 10:29:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Las Preposiciones Mon May 14 2018 16:36:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
SAT do-not-know vocab 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Paso a Paso II, 9C Mon May 14 2018 16:36:24 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Module 3/Appendix C: Prefixes and Suffixes Mon May 14 2018 16:36:24 GMT+0000 (UTC)
French transitions Mon May 14 2018 16:36:24 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Word of the Day sheet (Latin) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:24 GMT+0000 (UTC)
wordofthedaysheet
Spanish Prepositions Vocab Mon May 14 2018 16:36:27 GMT+0000 (UTC)
SFC 6S Unit 13 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Latin 2A Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Week 2: Pharmacology II Mon May 14 2018 16:36:30 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Expresiones idiomaticas con prepositions Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
semana 3 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Useful words and phrases Mon May 14 2018 16:36:33 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Vocab Quiz 3-2 Practice Mon May 14 2018 16:36:34 GMT+0000 (UTC)
japns
langosta Mon May 14 2018 16:36:35 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Lecon 25 and 26 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:35 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Connectors 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:35 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Prepositions and connectors Mon May 14 2018 16:36:35 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Abe / Beginning 2 / Lesson 12 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:40 GMT+0000 (UTC)
abebeginning2
lesson_12
Vocabulary 4-6 Level F Mon May 14 2018 16:36:40 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Découverte et Création Cinquième Édition (In Progress) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:41 GMT+0000 (UTC)
cr-atilde;-copy;ation
d-atilde;-copy;couverte
g-atilde;-copy;rard
Russian Basic Course, Mod 7, Chap 41 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:42 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Profit & Loss / Pérdidas y Ganancias Mon May 14 2018 16:36:42 GMT+0000 (UTC)
common spanish words Mon May 14 2018 16:36:44 GMT+0000 (UTC)
first column Mon May 14 2018 16:36:46 GMT+0000 (UTC)
cohesion
Hikaru Utada - Sakura Drops : Japanese Vocabulary Mon May 14 2018 16:36:46 GMT+0000 (UTC)
utada
An Integrated Approach To Intermediate Japanese Ch 3 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:46 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Ap Spanish Vocab 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:48 GMT+0000 (UTC)
spanish chapter 6 vocabulary Mon May 14 2018 16:36:50 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Hispania Mon May 14 2018 16:36:53 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Palabras Pequenas Mon May 14 2018 16:36:53 GMT+0000 (UTC)
EAWS SPECIFIC FOR FIXED-WING FIGHTER/ATTACK (VFA) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:54 GMT+0000 (UTC)
eaws
pscy 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:55 GMT+0000 (UTC)
prepostitions Mon May 14 2018 16:36:55 GMT+0000 (UTC)
presps
INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL Mon May 14 2018 16:36:56 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Latin AP Vergil Vocab A Mon May 14 2018 16:36:57 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Misc. EPPP items Mon May 14 2018 16:37:00 GMT+0000 (UTC)
NM Review Wordlist 1 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:00 GMT+0000 (UTC)
GRE Vocab List 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:02 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Transcription Vocab Mon May 14 2018 16:37:03 GMT+0000 (UTC)
female repro/breast Mon May 14 2018 16:37:06 GMT+0000 (UTC)
repro-breast
Spanish Vocabulary from El Laberinto de la Soledad Mon May 14 2018 16:37:06 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Key Points 6 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:07 GMT+0000 (UTC)
SPANISH: Chapter 5 Location Stuff Mon May 14 2018 16:37:07 GMT+0000 (UTC)
French Vocab 4 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:08 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Prefixes and Suffixes in Anatomical and Medical Terminology Mon May 14 2018 16:37:09 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Desciribing Literature Vocab 1 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:09 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Phonics, Phonemic Awareness and Word Analysis Chapter 5 Terms Mon May 14 2018 16:37:11 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Rendez-vous au cafe` Mon May 14 2018 16:37:15 GMT+0000 (UTC)
cafe`
KG 4 R/W Lesson 4 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:15 GMT+0000 (UTC)
french linking words Mon May 14 2018 16:37:15 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Social Studies Indians Mon May 14 2018 16:37:17 GMT+0000 (UTC)
IsCiv from lec 4 of "IHIW" [pp. 26-27; 62-65] Mon May 14 2018 16:37:17 GMT+0000 (UTC)
--quot;ihiw--quot;
isciv
-quot;ihiw-quot;
Latin/Greek Prefixes I Mon May 14 2018 16:37:18 GMT+0000 (UTC)
latin-greek
Muchas Palabras [Bunch of Words] Mon May 14 2018 16:37:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
shggdftejNDJKADPDDAxSsddffjffjf Mon May 14 2018 16:37:20 GMT+0000 (UTC)
ccsdcsd
Medieval/17th Century History Final Mon May 14 2018 16:37:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)
MUH100 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)
YesJapan Vocabulary 001 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)
yesjapan
Japanese words from Chapter 3 of Colloquial Japanese Mon May 14 2018 16:37:22 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Security+ Domain 1.0 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:22 GMT+0000 (UTC)
security-
Comp/Speech pg 421-432 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:22 GMT+0000 (UTC)
sppech
Pharmacy Practice (Ballington) Ch 3 - Medical Terminology Mon May 14 2018 16:37:23 GMT+0000 (UTC)
American Government Exam Review Mon May 14 2018 16:37:23 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Adverbios y Frases 3 Mon May 14 2018 16:37:23 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Issues in Planning 2 Wed Oct 20 2010 17:49:18 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Latin Vocabulary Words: dulcis - evoco Mon May 14 2018 16:36:16 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Week 11 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:17 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Math 54 Vocabulary Mon May 14 2018 16:36:18 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Food Science 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:18 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Win2k Server exam prep Mon May 14 2018 16:36:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Psat vocabulary 13 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:19 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Development Psych Mon May 14 2018 16:36:20 GMT+0000 (UTC)
child-birth
Spanish 3 Unit 11 Vocab Mon May 14 2018 16:36:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Civil War to Present Mon May 14 2018 16:36:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Paso A Paso Capítulo 9 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Art 112 OWU Mon May 14 2018 16:36:22 GMT+0000 (UTC)
fabpfaff Mon May 14 2018 16:36:24 GMT+0000 (UTC)
United States History SOL Review Mon May 14 2018 16:36:25 GMT+0000 (UTC)
united-states-history
Labor and Delivery Mon May 14 2018 16:36:25 GMT+0000 (UTC)
l-amp;d
lochia
Physics Final 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:25 GMT+0000 (UTC)
transitionals Mon May 14 2018 16:36:25 GMT+0000 (UTC)
YN3 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:25 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Geometry - Deductive Reasoning Mon May 14 2018 16:36:26 GMT+0000 (UTC)
postulates
Pathology(Female Reproductive)* Mon May 14 2018 16:36:27 GMT+0000 (UTC)
JPN 211 Vocab Mon May 14 2018 16:36:27 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Social Studies - 3 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:27 GMT+0000 (UTC)
U.S. Hist. Test Mon May 14 2018 16:36:27 GMT+0000 (UTC)
prefixes, roots, and suffixes Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
iv - 1 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
#4----1 to 48 --------------- Flash Cards from website A & P Chapter 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
chmistry
#10-----Q's & A's --------------- A & P Chapter 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
biochemistry 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
vkkadthldnbd
#5----Boldface Terms -------------- A & P Chapter 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
SS Chapter 22 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
AENEID Book IV Vocabulary Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
apvergil
Chapter 7 - Learning Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Thought and Language-cognitive Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
language-cognitive
Theories Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
LA Literary Terms Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Cognitive Psychology language Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
SAT 1 Vocab: A (Aback - Arrant) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
satvocab
vocab-
BARRON SET#4 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
PA Real Estate Study Guide (Chapters 14-18) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Art History 181 with John Cunnally Exam 4 Review Mon May 14 2018 16:36:30 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Reformation and Religious Wars Mon May 14 2018 16:36:30 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Corporal Study Material Mon May 14 2018 16:36:31 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Neurobiology lectures II (FINAL EXAM) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:31 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Physiology - GI Mon May 14 2018 16:36:31 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Investment Terminology Part 2 (249-497) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:31 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Julius Caesar Quotations Mon May 14 2018 16:36:31 GMT+0000 (UTC)
US History Final 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:31 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Dictionary of French Expressions D Mon May 14 2018 16:36:31 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Early Modern Times Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
A SAT Nouns Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
high-frenquency
Section Two A Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
1styearlatin
Ch. 1 thru 6 - ACC - Text connectors, etc. Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
puntoyaparte
Colonial Period to the American Revolution (1500-1787) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
The Newly Formed United States (1787-1824) Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Cambridge Latin Course Stage 43 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Section 2 A Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Professional Responsibility 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Metabolic Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Deutsch Heute - Einfuhrung Mon May 14 2018 16:36:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
JLPT Level 1 Voc 7 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:33 GMT+0000 (UTC)
level1-7

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hospitality Marketing Concepts and its affiliates ("HMC") welcome you to Hilton Dining Asia Pacific ("Hilton Dining").
As a Hilton Dining member, we have arranged for your access to a world of benefits, designed to complement your lifestyle and provide you with extraordinary dining and travel experiences.
Not only will you enjoy discounted dining at a number of highly acclaimed restaurants, you will also receive a range of accommodation benefits at participating hotels in the Hilton portfolio in Asia Pacific.
We encourage you to take time to read this Membership Guide, which contains a summary of the many benefits you can enjoy as well as the terms and conditions of your membership.
We look forward to the pleasure of your company soon.
Dining Benefits: 25% discount on your food and beverage bill for up to a maximum group of 12 persons. Discount not applicable for corporate events, banquets, room service, and food and beverage built into a room rate, or in conjunction with any other promotion or discount, unless otherwise stated. Please refer to the Dining section in Terms and Conditions for complete dining discount conditions.
Accommodation Benefits: 20% discount on the Flexible Rate for reservations made on Hilton.com or via the Hilton reservation system at participating hotels in Asia Pacific. Please refer to the Accommodation section in Terms and Conditions below for complete accommodation benefits conditions.
Other Benefits: Please refer to specific eCertificates loaded in your App (as defined below) for details.
By activating the Hilton Dining mobile application ("App") and using the membership benefits, Members are deemed to accept all of the Hilton Dining Terms and Conditions.
Hilton Dining Members must be Hilton Honors members in good standing. Hilton Honors Terms & Conditions are available at http://hiltonhonors3.hilton.com/en/terms/index.html. Membership in and application for membership in Hilton Dining is void if prohibited by law in the country of the Member's or applicant's domicile. Only individuals of majority age in their country of residence may enroll in Hilton Dining and become Members (defined as individuals who have been accepted as Members by Hilton Dining). Corporations, associations or groups are not permitted to enroll in Hilton Dining.
HMC is authorized to offer and operate Hilton Dining Asia Pacific, including the offer of membership and benefits and enrollment of participating hotels, at the sole discretion of Hilton Domestic Operating Company Inc. ("Hilton"). The benefits of the membership may be modified from time to time. To the maximum extent permitted by law, HMC and Hilton reserve the right to add, remove or make changes to Hilton Dining Asia Pacific and any of its benefits or terms and conditions at its sole discretion via the App. Please check the App and/or website indicated below for updates. Membership benefits are offered in good faith, however may not be available if prohibited by law or regulation in Member's country of residence.
The Hilton Dining Terms and Conditions are governed by and are to be construed under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the Host Hotel is located, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law rules or provisions that would cause the application of any other laws. The Terms and Conditions set forth here in supersede all prior Terms and Conditions.
Membership provides the Member with access to dining and accommodation benefits across Asia Pacific as set out in these Term & Conditions, and additional benefits specific to the participating hotel to which the membership is linked ("Host Hotel"). Membership benefits are available solely via the App, and only one membership may be linked to one mobile device. Members may purchase multiple memberships with different Host Hotels on different mobile devices. An activation code will be sent to the Member to activate the App. Membership, benefits and eCertificates have no cash value, are non-transferable, and may not be accessed from more than one mobile device.
Memberships may be cancelled or terminated by the Member for any reason within ten (10) days of purchase or within such cancellation periods as may be prescribed under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the Host Hotel is located, whichever is longer ("Cancellation Period"). Membership fees may be refunded in part or in full, depending on whether any membership benefits have been used during such Cancellation Period.
Membership is valid for one year only and access to all associated benefits expires upon expiration of the annual term. Although a member may have the opportunity to renew membership, the benefits and eCertificates from one term of the membership cannot be extended after the expiry date of the membership.
The current list of participating hotels and participating outlets can be found at https://hiltondiningapac.com/JoinNow and is subject to change without notice. Please check availability prior to making a reservation.
The total aggregate liability of HMC, Hilton, any participating hotel or participating outlet, the Host Hotel, or any person or entity operating Hilton Dining ("HMC Parties"), is limited to the cost of the membership fee paid by the Member.
(v) failed to pay any bills or accounts due to any participating hotel, participating outlet, or Host Hotel.
Such discontinued membership may result in the loss of all membership benefits and the cancellation of eCertificates.
Each Member is responsible for creating private account access information and for maintaining the security of that information and security over the Member's mobile device. HMC is not be liable for any unauthorized access to the Member's account, the unauthorized redemption of eCertificates via the Member's account, or other account activity that occurs as a result. If Member becomes aware of any fraudulent activity, including unauthorized redemption of Member's eCertificates, Member must report the fraudulent activity to HMC in writing, within 10 days of it occurring, and provide all further requested information and cooperation to HMC to be eligible for reinstatement of eCertificates, which reinstatement may be awarded in HMC's sole discretion.
The App is provided "AS IS" and without warranty of any kind. HMC Parties disclaim any warranty that the App will be uninterrupted or error-free. You must maintain, at your own expense, connectivity via your mobile carrier data services plan or a suitable wi-fi connection. You will not be able to access your Hilton Asia Pacific Dining Program benefits if you are unable to access the App on your mobile device. Please see the terms of service for the App for additional terms and restrictions related to its use.
25% discount on the Member's food and beverage bill for up to a maximum group of 12 persons at participating outlets in participating hotels in Asia Pacific.
Reservations must be made directly with the participating hotels, and not via any third party booking platform.
Dining discounts and benefits are not applicable to taxes and service charges and only available upon presentation of a valid Hilton Dining membership via the App upon bill settlement.
Alcoholic beverages are not included in the amounts subject to the discount unless otherwise specified. Alcoholic beverages if included in any vouchers shall be subject to you and your guest(s) being above the legal drinking age as applicable in the jurisdiction of the Host Hotel. The Host Hotel reserves the right to verify the age of you and your guest(s) before serving any alcoholic beverages.
Dining discounts are available during all meal periods in all participating outlets unless otherwise specified. Please check exclusion periods prior to making a reservation.
Only one (1) Member's benefit/certificate may be used per reservation and parties may not be split.
For parties exceeding twelve (12) in number, the qualifying food and beverage bill (e.g., excluding taxes, service charges, alcohol) will be divided by the total number of persons equally and the discount will be applied only to the portion of the bill for twelve (12) persons.
Each child aged 6 years and over is treated as one person when calculating the dining discount.
Unless otherwise specified, dining discounts and benefits are not available in conjunction with any other special offer, discount or promotion.
Black-out dates may apply during high demand periods. Please check availability prior to making a reservation.
20% discount off the Flexible Rate for reservations made on Hilton.com or via the Hilton reservation system at participating hotels in Asia Pacific. Valid for single or double occupancy only.
Accommodation discounts and benefits do not apply to taxes and service charges.
Accommodation discounts and benefits are subject to room and rate availability and only available upon verification of your Hilton Dining membership and relevant eCertificates (if applicable) via the App upon check-in.
Unless otherwise specified, accommodation discounts and benefits are not valid in conjunction with any other special rates, offers, discounts or promotions.
for eCertificates related to a complimentary room, bookings are subject to availability of rooms allocated by the Host Hotel for complimentary nights, and must be booked at least five (5) days in advance. Complimentary rooms are not available during festive seasons and/or high demand periods.
Room stays using the Hilton Dining membership discount and eCertificates are eligible for Hilton Honors points, subject to the Hilton Honors Program Terms & Conditions.
The use of all Hilton Dining accommodation eCertificates is subject to these Terms and Conditions and any Terms and Conditions noted on the eCertificates.
All room bookings are subject to availability of the promotional rate.
List of participating hotels and outlets are subject to change without notice.


text:
Q: timber/twig how to pass `posts` php-object to JavaScript? Some values are lost When I'm trying to pass the information contained in {{posts}} I cannot retrieve all of it, at least not the post.link information
  {% for post in posts %}
    <script>
      var t = JSON.parse('{{post|json_encode(constant('JSON_HEX_APOS'))|e('js')}}')
      t.link = '{{post.link}}'
      console.log(t)
    </script>
  {% endfor %}

Without manually adding the link, it doesn't show up
Why is this happening and how could I workaround this?
EDIT: related https://github.com/timber/timber/issues/1434

A: You shouldn't encode your whole post object. You should encode all the values you need separately.
The link for your post doesn't show up, because link is not a property, but a method of the Timber\Post object. This might be a little bit confusing, because in Twig we use {{ post.link }}. It looks like it's a property or maybe an array item. But we could also use {{ post.link() }}, which is the same as {{ post.link }}. You can read more about this in the Variables section in Twig for Template Designers.
So what I would do is build a new array with the data you need and encode it to JSON in PHP with wp_json_encode().
PHP
$posts_json = [];

foreach ( $posts as $post ) {
    $posts_json[] = wp_json_encode( [
        'title' => $post->title(),
        'link' => $post->link(),
    ] );
}

$context['posts_json'] = $posts_json;

By only adding the data you need, you keep the output in the frontend small. Otherwise, you would end up with a lot of data that you will never and that only increases the page size unnecessarily.
And then in Twig, you could do it like this:
{% for post in posts_json %}
    <script>
      var t = {{ post }}
      console.log(t)
    </script>
{% endfor %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Kitchener was first launched back in 1830 and it is still one of our most popular models today. Featuring a large fan oven with porthole window, an impressive 82 litre tall fan oven and dedicated glide-out grill. The hob comprises of dishwasher safe cast iron pan supports and a 5 gas zones including a 3.5kW multi-ring burner.


Currently celebrating their 15 Millionth Facebook Like, Grammy award winning rock band Evanescence are excited to announce that they will be returning to the UK for the first time since their brief visit in November 2011, when their self titled album topped the Billboard charts and other charts around the world.
They will be playing 4 shows kicking off at Nottingham Arena on 5th November and ending up at London's Wembley Arena.
The Used whose fifth album Vulnerable, was released earlier this year . The band have been touring on the Warped Tour, Soundwave in Australia, dates in Asia and Europe, plus full headlining dates through the U.S.
LostAlone who recently wowed fans at this year's Download Festival and released their album 'I'm A UFO In This City' earlier this year to rave reviews.
The band's song "Lost In Paradise" is featured on, AMP Rock TV's new series "The Words." , whilst the last single "My Heart Is Broken" has ramped up over 7 Million views.


text:
News > Chile
Chile: Newspaper 'El Mercurio' Publishes Justification For Pinochet's Dictatorship
Chile's Communist Party, students, and Chile's Press Association were among the few to reject the insert. | Photo: Prensa Latina
A common practice in Chile, as conservative economic and political elites continue to boast and publicly support the military dictatorship.
As Chileans remembered the victims of one of Latin America's deadliest dictatorships, the right-wing national newspaper 'El Mercurio' published Wednesday a page-long insert justifying the dictatorship, starting with the headline that read on "Sept. 11, 1973, Chile was saved from becoming like Venezuela."
Chile's 9/11 Coup: Salvador Allende's Last Words
The publication, which argued that the country was better off with the military regime, generated a massive outcry and rejection from various sectors of society. The president of the Association of Relatives of Disappeared Detainees (AFDD), Lorena Pizarro, announced legal actions against the newspaper.
"That newspaper is condoning terrorism, while on the other side of that publication we have survivors, we have relatives who are directly affected by this new infamy," Pizarro added.
A total of 60 signatories paid around US$20,000 to have the insert published and for it to come out on the same date that the world regrets the events of September 11, 1973. The rejection of the publication was massive in social media, to which the newspaper workers also joined.
"We are workers of El Mercurio and today we clearly express that the insert published today does not represent us," they wrote on Twitter.
Como trabajadores de este conglomerado no estamos de acuerdo con el inserto infame que publicó El Mercurio hoy.#NoAlInserto pic.twitter.com/YFjFunbQuP
— Camila Díaz Segovia (@Camila_DiazS) September 11, 2019
As workers of this conglomerate, we do not agree with the infamous insert published by El Mercurio today.
On the same day, several right-wing legislators abruptly left during the minute of silence in tribute to the victims of the dictatorship held in Congress, while the Sebastian Piñera's government decided not to carry out a commemorative act.
A common practice in Chile, as conservative economic and political elites continue to boast and publicly support the military dictatorship, which lasted 17 years.
The U.S.-backed coup on Sept. 11, 1973, was the culmination of a long campaign of sabotage carried out by the local elite class alongside the U.S. administration of Richard Nixon who had said that Washington must "make the economy scream."
A key player before and after the coup was El Mercurio's owner, Agustin Edwards, whose media group (radios and newspaper) received US$1 million in 1971 from Nixon's administration to print and promote anti-Allende stories.
With continued financial backing by the CIA into 1974, totaling around US$2 million, the newspaper reported favorably on Pinochet's regime in an effort to cement its control, as it was later declassified.
"He lobbied for a coup at the highest levels of the Nixon White House," Peter Kornbluh, chief of the archive's Chile Documentation Project, told the Washington Post after Edwards' death in 2017. Kornbluh added that "he became the leading Chilean collaborator in CIA covert operations to overturn the democratic institutions of his own country."
Following the coup, 30,000 were killed under Pinochet's rule, with countless tortured and disappeared as the right-wing dictator implemented neoliberal shock therapy to the Chilean economy.
Pinochet Chile Piñera right-wing El Mercurio Chile Pinochet Chile dictatorship El Mercurio
El Desconcierto - Nodal - Washington Post
by teleSUR / MP
Chile: Human Rights March Ends with Police Repression
Chile Marks Anniversary of Coup Against President Allende
Chile: Ex-Pinochet Agent Gets 10 Years for MIR Leader's Murder
Mapuche Leaders: 'President Piñera Is A Pinochet'


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Culture, Music
KCRW's Masquerade Ball Was Spooky, Sexy and Lit At The Los Angeles Theatre Performances by Santigold, White Denim and Lucent Dossier Highlight KCRW's Annual Masquerade Ball
Derrick Lee, 8 months ago 0 7 min read
LOS ANGELES, CA- KCRW really went all out for this year's event. With three stages of live entertainment, and gorgeous architecture/art installations and to take selfies around, there was plenty to do when you weren't sipping on a libation and staring in awe at some of the intricate costumes on display.
KCRW's DJs did a lot of the heavy lifting in the Dime Museum, spinning back to back sets all through the night. The body heat was particularly noticeable as you walked past the room's entrance. I kinda felt bad for all of the beautiful make up jobs that would wind up on the floor in a pool of sweat.
CLICK HERE for more photos of Lucent Dossier Experience (Fire) at KCRW's Masquerade Ball!!!
If you needed to escape the overwhelming heat of the dancers in the Dime Museum, just outside was the "Parlor Of Eccentricities" where where the Lucent Dossier Experience put on a series of performances to leave you mesmerized … however, if you stood too close to certain of the performances, the odds of you sweating through your costume was entirely possible.
While I only had the opportunity to catch a handful of performances at the Parlor Of Eccentricities, the ones that I did catch that were particularly captivating were the acts that involved fire. As the agile players of the performance troupe lithely danced around the stage with balls of fire, it was easy to get lost in the trails of flames flowed from their hands. It was like a scaled down version of a Cirque du Soleil production, but still consisted of enough danger and theatrics to make you hold your breath.
The short bursts of theatrics provided by Lucent Dossier Experience throughout the night gave the evening a special flare … literally … that made the event's festivities particularly unique.
But the the main focus of this year's Masquerade Ball was the musical lineup that KCRW was able to put together for the event. While we were unable to stick around for Reggie Watts and John Tejada's Wajatta performance, we were able to enjoy all of the "main stage" acts that preceded them.
CLICK HERE fore more photos of Shannon Shaw at KCRW's Masquerade Ball!!!
Shannon Shaw has a busy 2018. As Shannon and the Clams, she released their latest album, Onion, in February and had been touring relentlessly with Dan Auerbach (who also produced the album) on his Easy Eye Sound Review throughout the year. But not one to rest on her laurels, she subsequently released a new solo album, Shannon In Nashville, on June 8th.
Shannon In Nashville, in my humble opinion, is a revelation. Where Onion was "rough around the edges rocking", Shannon In Nashville is lush and sophisticated. Also produced by Dan Auerbach, Shannon In Nashville seeks to match Shannon's huge voice with an equally large backing band, and the end result is a new musical side of Shannon that reveals her musical dexterity.
Shannon took the stage accompanied by an ensemble of players to recreate the sophisticated sound of Shannon In Nashville. When the trio of background singers were on stage singing in harmony with Shannon, there were up to 9 bandmates playing with Shannon, and that live sound was glorious. A powerful voice like Shannon's is complimented exquisitely by an equally powerful backing band. I love Shannon and the Clams, but I certainly don't mind her striking out on her own if she does it in grand fashion like this.
CLICK HERE for more photos of Cherry Glazerr at KCRW's Masquerade Ball!!!
The L.A. based rock band Cherry Glazerr made some noise back in 2014 with their album Haxel Princess, a very solid garage punk effort. But since that album, the band underwent some changes and polished its sound for their third album Apocalipstick.
I really enjoyed Apocalipstick. Some critics have suggested that it could have been more, but I'm in line with those reviews that have focused on its positives calling it Cherry Glazerr's "fiercest recording yet … [with] self-aware swagger" (Pitchfork). I think the band's performance here highlighted those positives.
Clementine Creevy, the lone and founding member of the original incarnation of Cherry Glazerr, was dressed as an angel, but she performed like a possessed banshee. She emanated an IDGAF attitude on stage; confident and yet breezy. Her bandmates (Tabor Allen on drums and Devin O'Brien on bass) seemed to share Clementine's aura and together they rocked the Los Angeles Theatre stage nice and rowdy, getting fans up in the front riled up. While no mosh pit materialized, you could sense that had the set been just a few songs longer, and people weren't dressed in exquisite costumes, there would have been a nice little circle pit on the floor.
With a new album in the works, Stuffed & Ready, which is scheduled for release in early 2019, keep an eye out for more Cherry Glazerr gigs to be announced soon.
CLICK HERE fore more photos of White Denim at KCRW's Masquerade Ball!!!
If you want to get a party started, book White Denim to play a set. This Austin, Texas based band with core members James Petralli (vocals, guitars) and Steve Terebecki (bass), bring a musical stew of punk, funk, psychedelia and garage to the stage, and jam like there's no tomorrow.
Having just released their ninth studio album Performance in August, White Denim's sound is as polished and clean as ever. While James is perfectly solid on vocals, the focus of White Denim is the unrelenting musicality of each of the players and they way in which they feed off one another in a live setting. Their rhythmic dynamism in particular is second to none.
Though dressed like they were all heading out to a prom in the early 80s, the sonic qualities of their performance, thought rooted in "classic" themes of funk, psych and punk, seemed to come from the future. It was a groove that everyone in the room willingly fell into and had even the most stalwart wall flowers nodding their heads to every downbeat.
CLICK HERE for more photos of Santigold at KCRW's Masquerade Ball!!!
Concluding Blurred Culture's evening at KCRW's Masquerade Ball (again, we were unable stick around for Wajatta's performance) was the multi-genre recording artist Santigold performing a DJ set.
I've been an admirer of Santigold and her music ever since I got my hands on her gold glitter decorated, self titled, debut studio album. Her sonics have always straddled varying musical genres, but rooted in Afro-Caribbean music. Her latest effort, I Don't Want: The Gold Fire Sessions, pushes the limits of Dancehall and is a fantastically fun listen.
After I heard her recent KCRW Morning Become Eclectic interview where she talks about the music she grew up with and loves, my interest to see and hear her spin records piqued. She spoke lovingly about Joni Mitchell, Sister Nancy, The Misfits, Bauhaus … if you need an easy way into my heart, all you gotta do is exhibit the kind of love for all types of music that Santigold has. Her taste in music explains her adventurous nature in crafting and creating music.
While I can't recall the exact songs that Santigold spun for her set- I'll be honest, after my time in the photo pit, I just zoned out and enjoyed the music- I remember how seamless her transitions seemed, from one genre to the next and how Santigold was able to create a fantastic mood that induced dancing and the occasional call and responses; traits that and DJ should aspire for.
KCRW's Masquerade Ball @ Historic Los Angeles Theatre (Candid) 10/27/18. Photo by Derrick K. Lee, Esq. (@Methodman13) for www.BlurredCulture.com.
With all of the amazing costumes, beautiful location and amazing entertainment, there was no better way to celebrate All Hallow's Eve than with KCRW at their annual Masquerade Ball. Always in high demand, there's certainly no doubt that next year's festivities will be just as, if not grander, than what was offered this year.
Follow KCRW on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
KCRW's Masquerade Ball @ Historic Los Angeles Theatre (Candid) 10/27/18. Photo by Derrick K. Lee, Esq. (@Methodman13) for www.BlurredCulture.com.
#Cherry Glazerr	#DKL PHOTOS	#Event Review	#Halloween Costumes	#KCRW	#KCRW Masquerade Ball	#KCRW Masquerade Ball 2018	#Los Angeles Theatre	#Santigold	#Shannon Shaw	#White Denim
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T-Pain Proves How Fucking Awesome He Is… T-Pain - Mashup (To The Beat with Kurt Hugo Schneider)
Less Than Jake Kicks off 2019 Concert Season At New Jersey's Starland Ballroom Also, on the nights ticket Anti-Flag, The Backyard Superhero's & The Jukebox Romantics
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The Aces are your next best rock band, who just happen to be all girls The small-town Provo, Utah natives have been playing together since middle school and are on the verge of becoming the next big band in pop.
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Live from Kalisz, Poland. Mass for the intentions of the family and defence of Pro-Life and the Unborn, from the Basilica of St. Joseph.
Live from Rome, Italy. "Dialogues in the Cathedral", on the subject of conjugal love of educational source for new generations. From the Basilica of St. John Lateran
Live from Iława, Poland. Holy Mass on the occasion of the peregrination of the icon of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa to the Parish Church of St. Albert. Presided by Archbishop Józef Kowalczyk, Archbishop of Gniezno.
Live from Rome, Italy. Pastoral Visit of Pope Benedict XVI to the Roman Parish of St. John Baptist de La Salle at Torino, on the Second Sunday of Lent. Holy Mass presided by Pope Benedict XVI.
Channels Broadcasting Live: Telepace, EWTN, KTO, TV2000, K-TV
Live from Paris, France. The second of the weekly Conferences for Lent, with the theme of "Solidarity: a requirement and a hope", from the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. The second lecture is delivered by Emmanuel Faber, vice president of Groupe Danone, and by Sister Cecile Renouard, Religious of the Assumption entitled "New Development model, new lifestyle?"
Live from Jundiai, Sao Paolo, Brazil. Holy Mass on the occasion of the Episcopal Ordination of Mgr. Joaquim Wladimir Lopes Dias, as the Titular Bishop of Sita, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Vitoria, Espirito Santo, from the gymnasium of Dr. Nicolino de Lucca. Principle Consecrator is Bishop Vicente Costa, Bishop of Jundiai, with co-consecrators Archbishop Luiz Mancilha Vilela, Archbishop of Vitoria, Espirito Santo; and Archbishop Gil Antonio Moreira, Archbishop of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais.
Channels Broadcasting Live: Canção Nova
Tags: Black Madonna of Czestochowa, Catholic, Conférences de Carême, Dialoghi in Cattedrale, Iława, Joaquim Wladimir Lopes Dias, Notre Dame de Paris, Pope Benedict XVI, St. John Baptist de La Salle at Torino, Television
RT @franceintheus: I guess this is us now... https://t.co/LrKvgjiw1X 51 minutes ago
Man who killed a sacristan and injured a priest in terrorist attacks at two Catholic Churches in the city of Algeci… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 hour ago


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package com.blinkbox.books.reading.admin

import com.blinkbox.books.clients.catalogue.CatalogueService
import com.blinkbox.books.reading.Ownership
import com.blinkbox.books.reading.persistence.{DbStoreUpdateFailedException, LibraryItem, LibraryStore}

import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
import scala.concurrent.Future

trait LibraryAdminService {
  def addBook(isbn: String, userId: Int, ownership: Ownership): Future[Unit]
}

class DefaultLibraryAdminService(libraryStore: LibraryStore, catalogueService: CatalogueService) extends LibraryAdminService {

  val allowAdminUpdate: (LibraryItem, Ownership) => Boolean = (item, ownership) => ownership > item.ownership

  override def addBook(isbn: String, userId: Int, ownership: Ownership): Future[Unit] =
    catalogueService.getInfoFor(isbn).flatMap(_ => libraryStore.addOrUpdateLibraryItem(isbn, userId, ownership, allowAdminUpdate).transform(identity => Unit, {
      case e: DbStoreUpdateFailedException => new LibraryItemConflict(s"User $userId already has $isbn in library with the same or lower ownership type ($ownership)")
    }))
}

class LibraryItemConflict(msg: String, cause: Throwable = null) extends Exception(msg, cause)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Synopsis: A completely fanciful story about a tropical island resort where "my kind" of slavery is an accepted part of life. Male AND female slaves, open-air public nakedness and B&D. Maybe a few little surprises for the reader who follows the story through!


Objectives: Columbia Marketing International's (CMI) imperfect fruit program was designed to make imperfect fruit available to consumers and retailers that are more aware of the waste in produce. I'm Perfect apples and pears are the slightly blemished or marked fruit.
Campaign: As much as 30 percent of apples and pears are set aside for cosmetic reasons, never reaching the grocery store produce section. Usually, these "quirky" fruits are sold to commercial wholesale companies able to remove the skin and use the sweet flesh inside in juices, apple sauce, or baked goods.
CMI created a program to attract the eye of the consumer and give imperfect fruit a second chance. Ads went out to retail publications and sell sheets were directed toward retailers. With a nod to "It's what's inside that counts," retailers were encouraged to use the 3# and 5# poly bag as a way to display and promote the program.
Results: Retailers and consumers are very knowledgeable on food waste in America. By increasing the efficiency of our food system, we can make better use of natural resources, provide financial saving opportunities along the entire supply chain and enhance the ability to meet food demands. According to CMI, getting food from the farm to fork eats up 10 percent of the total U.S. energy budget, it uses 50 percent of U.S. land, and it swallows 80 percent of all freshwater consumed in the United States. Yet, 40 percent of food in the U.S. today goes uneaten. I'm Perfect apples and pears are just too good to waste. Retailers and consumers are enjoying the program knowing they are getting a great product and helping the environment as well.


What if our number one priority was the well-being of children across the globe?
I recently saw Lion, a film that tells the story of Saroo Brierley, an Indian boy who is separated from his mother, brother and sister in India. Saroo is quickly adopted by an Australian couple and raised in Hobart, Tasmania with his new family. The film touches on topics I've been working on for the past 25 years of my career, including in my current position as Executive Director of International Social Service, USA. I was curious to see how realistically Lion would portray these issues.
Lion addresses some of the complexities of the intense bonds between biological children and their parents and siblings; between adoptive children and their parents and siblings; and between adoptive and biological families. It also shows how easily children can become separated from their families and how difficult it is to reunite them in countries where child protection infrastructures are in the early stages of development. The film portrays how vulnerable children can be when they are separated from their families through a brief shot of street children trying to find a safe place to sleep, to a shot of those who intend to harm them such as the police and child traffickers, and through depictions of people who are indifferent to lost, hungry, dirty children.
We, as child protection experts, have struggled for decades to figure out how to properly care for children who lack the support and protection of families. Starting In the late 1940s and early 1950s, intercountry adoption evolved into a popular care option; families in countries such the U.S., Canada, Australia and across Europe became eager to adopt children from poor, war-torn, or communist countries including India, Haiti, South Korea, Russia and China, to name a few. The film briefly acknowledges some of the challenges surrounding intercountry adoption. Lion shows the limited methods of searching for family, the reasons why some families choose to adopt, the lack of transparency in sharing medical, mental health and behavior histories of adoptive children, the experience of raising a child with disabilities, and the fear that adoptive families have about their capacity to support their children.
In Lion, we watch the adorable and brave Saroo (Sunny Pawar) grow up into a seemingly well-adjusted, bright, young man (Dev Patel). Then, we see Saroo fall apart when memories from his early childhood haunt him: he struggles with the reality that he has another family, is confused about his cultural identity and grapples with the fact that he does not know how to find his family and if they are alive or dead. We feel his growing panic, pain, and deep-seated desire "to know." Any parent who has lost track of his/her child in the grocery store, and any child who has lost his/her parents in a crowd, understands this sense of relentless urgency to reconnect. This must be a fraction of the pain Saroo felt for more than 16 years. We watch this panic paralyze Saroo, alienating him from his friends, girlfriend and family.
What if Saroo's mother had enough money to support her family? What if Saroo and his brother and sister attended school? What if Saroo only had to work before or after school near the family's house? Saroo and his brother would NOT have had to stray so far from home to earn money to help feed his family, and Saroo would never have become separated from his family. Investing in FAMILY STRENGTHENING, by providing cash assistance, employment, parenting training/support and education for children, is critical to prevent family separation and to protect the long-term well-being of children. Unfortunately, very few countries invest enough (if at all) in the full range of family strengthening activities. Countries that do have some of the highest indicators of child well-being. Countries that don't, including the United States, pay far more for the costly consequences of family separation. This puts children at greater risk of being trafficked, abused, neglected, harmed, and becoming involved with criminal behavior including gangs and terrorist groups in adolescence and adulthood.
What if, in addition to family strengthening, we invest in child protection systems that, together with legal systems, provide the framework to care and protect vulnerable children? What if we support the development and enhancement of child protection services, including birth registration, social services, and training for social workers? Then, family separation would be a solvable problem. Building social work capacity to prevent and address consequences of separation is critical to the health and well-being of all children. The ability to work across jurisdictions would better protect the historic numbers of people on the move today who are crossing, or separated by, borders.
Having enhanced child protection systems would enable trained social workers, like those in the International Social Service network, to talk to Saroo, search for his family, and reunite them. Saroo could be linked with reintegration services that would ensure a smooth transition. Social workers could visit him and his family and continue to connect them to the resources they need to keep Saroo safe within his family and community.
While we all like joyful endings, the bottom line is that we need to work much harder on HAPPY BEGINNINGS. It's wonderful when people reunite after a long separation. But it's even more wonderful when those bonds are not severed for long or are never severed in the first place.
Stay tuned for updates from my upcoming trip to India to visit my esteemed colleague Ian Anand Forber Pratt, MSW, National Program Director, Centre of Excellence in Alternative Care of Children (India) Children's Emergency Relief International (CERI). While there, I will attend and speak at the National Symposium on Family Strengthening: Deconstructing Alternative Practices in the Current Legislative Framework and learn about the many wonderful ways in which India is developing its child protection systems.
International Social Service, USA Branch Inc.
This entry was posted in General, Intercounty Adoption and tagged adoption, Child Protection, family reunification, family separation, family strengthening, intercountry adoption, Lion, social services on January 11, 2017 by Felicity Northcott.
November is National Adoption Month: a time to increase awareness about the need for adoptive families for thousands of children in the U.S. waiting for permanent families. This November, National Adoption Month sheds light on the critical need for finding families for older youth. More than 20,000 children age out of the U.S. foster care system every year without ever having found a permanent family. For more information on National Adoption Month, please see the Children's Bureau's Adoption Month page.
There is no specific day or month dedicated to intercountry adoption, yet there are millions of children around the world living without the care and protection of a family. We believe that our work is not done until every child is reunited with a family whose only goal is the safety and well-being of that child. It matters not where that family is from, nor whether they are biologically related to the child. If it is in the child's best interest to be placed with a particular family, then all necessary steps must be taken to ensure that the placement occurs. It is the right of every child to have a family, and domestic and intercountry adoption are two ways to promote and protect that right.
ISS-USA became involved with intercountry adoption in the 1940s but substantially decreased its involvement through the 70's and beyond. Yet, ISS-USA remains linked to the past through our archived adoption records and requests for assistance to find and connect adoptees to their biological families. At our recent 90th Anniversary celebration, we were honored to meet the grandson of the Hollywood icon, Jane Russell. Ajaye and his wife, Taylor, attended our 90th Event on behalf of his family, and in particular on behalf of Thomas Waterfield, Ajaye's Dad, who was adopted by Russell in 1951.
Thomas was 15 months old in 1951 when Russell and her husband, Bob Waterfield, former Los Angeles Rams NFL star, adopted him. Thomas' biological mother, Hannah Kavanagh, was living in London at the time and wanted to give her son a better life. Her family was living in deep poverty, and Hannah wanted better for her son. Hannah's family migrated from Scotland to Ireland. They barely survived living in Northern Ireland, as they were living in extreme poverty with limited access to food and other basic necessities. Hannah eventually met her husband near Galway, Ireland, and together they immigrated to London. It was while the Kavanaghs were in London that Hannah read about Jane Russell's scheduled command performances for the Queen of England. Hannah reached out to Jane Russell by letter, and the two met to arrange the informal adoption of Thomas. Jane Russell went on to establish her own adoption foundation to help orphans around the world find homes. This organization, the World Adoption International Fund (WAIF), was initially the international adoption and fundraising branch of ISS-USA. While ISS-USA's focus shifted and the organizations parted ways to focus on their respective missions, their history is intertwined.
Thomas is now a musician living in Arizona. He has been back to Ireland on many occasions to visit his biological family and plans to return to Ireland in the next year. He hopes to release a book later in 2016 detailing his life and family's involvement in the field of intercountry adoption.
While ISS, in most parts of the world, is no longer involved directly with intercountry adoption, we continue to advocate for adoptees, biological family members, and international treaties designed to protect children outside of the care of their families. The work of the ISS Federation has been central to the development of best practices in intercountry adoption and to the drafting of guidelines on alternative care measures for children separated from their biological families. ISS-USA, and many of our partners around the world provide information and technical assistance to key stakeholders in the domestic and intercountry adoption process. It is our hope that each and every child has the opportunity to find a permanent family either at home or abroad. To learn more please visit www.iss-usa.org and www.iss-ssi.org.
This entry was posted in General and tagged adoption, child welfare, family-based care, intercountry adoption, iss-usa, jane russell, national adoption month, thomas waterfield on November 18, 2015 by Felicity Northcott.