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Periodicals | Clarke Historical Library | Central Michigan University
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Native American Materials
Adler, Kraig. "Turtles from Archaeological Sites in the Great Lakes Region." Michigan Archaeologist 14 (September-December 1965): 147-163.
Turtle bones are abundant in Indian burial mounds and refuse pits.
Alberts , Robert C. "Trade Silver and Indian Silver Work in the Great Lakes Region." Wisconsin Archeologist 34 (March 1953): 1-121.
This article deals with the more important aspects of the investigation of ornaments of white and native manufacture.
"Ancient Garden Beds of Michigan." Michigan History 27 (Winter 1946): 673-684.
Illustrations of the garden beds.
Andrews, John P. "A Lithic analysis of the Frazier- Tyra Site (20 SA 9): A Multi Component Site in the Saginaw Valley." Michigan Archaeologist 41 (December 1995): 139-200.
A multi-component site with a long history of occupation by Native American groups as well as those of European descent.
"Antiquities in Lake Superior Mines. "Historical Magazine (October 1858): 299.
News of the finding of a miner's skid from an ancient copper mine.
"Archeological Dig Finds Evidence of 8,000 Year Old Indian Camps." News From Indian Country 3 (December 1989): 2.
An archaeological dig in the Ottawa National Forest has turned up evidence that the area was used by Indians for a campsite as long as 8,000 years ago.
Baby, Raymond S. and Edwards S. Thomas. "The Tremper Pipes. "Museum Echoes 31 (November 1958) 4 pages (MSS Fitting Box 3)
Describes a cache of tobacco pipes of the late prehistoric period found in Ohio.
Baker, R. Ray. "Michigan's Mound Builders." Michigan History 29 (April-June 1945): 313-318.
Presents what was known about Michigan's pre-historic mound builders.
Barondess , David A. and Norman J. Sauer. "Human Skeletal Remains from 20 IS 46: A Late Archaic Burial Locale in Eastern Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 31 (September 1985): 82-96.
Analysis of the human skeletal material from this site.
Baxter, Albert. "Early Archaeology in the Grand River Valley." Grand River Times 20 (February 1999): 4-5.
An excerpt from Baxter's book published in 1891.
Beld, Scott C. "A Fluted Point Find, 20 GR 162, from Gratiot County, Michigan. Michigan Archaeologist 32 (December 1986): 156-163.
Information about a fluted point found near Sumner, Michigan.
Beld, Scott C. "20 GR 91: A Late Woodland Site in Gratiot County, Michigan. Michigan Archaeologist 36 (June 1990): 57-77.
Distribution of materials on the site indicates a single occupation about A.D. 1300.
Beld, Scott C. "Site 20 SA 665: A Late Woodland Site in Taymouth Township, Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 39 (June 1993): 47-105.
At least two components are represented on the site, an Early Late Woodland and Late Late Woodland
Beld , Scott C. and J. Tracy Luke. "Three Woodland Sites in the Pine River Drainage, Gratiot County, Michigan. Michigan Archaeologist 44 (March 1998): 3-52.
Three sites in the middle part of the Pine River watershed are documented and a description of prehistoric occupations focusing on the Late Woodland culture in the area is presented.
Bender, Susan J. " Paleodemograhic Analysis of a Late Woodland Site in Southeastern Michigan." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 4 (1979): 183-208.
A skeletal series of 343 individuals from the Late Woodland site of Riviere au Vase in southeastern Michigan is analyzed with reference to its paleodemograhic parameters.
Bettarel , Robert and Sidney Harrison. "An Early Ossuary in Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 8 (December 1962): 37-42.
Description of an early burial site uncovered on Bois Blanc Island.
Bienenfeld , Paula F. "The Gilde Site; A Red Ochre Burial Site in Shiawassee County." Michigan Archaeologist 21 (December 1975): 153-160.
"The Gilde site, a salvage Red Ochre site in Middlebury Township, is discussed.
Bigony, Beatrice A. "Late Woodland Occupations of the Saginaw Valley." Michigan Archaeologist 16 (September/December 1970): 115-214.
An attempt to provide a general framework for the Late Woodland occupation in the Saginaw Valley area.
Binford, Lewis R. "An Analysis of Cremations from Three Michigan Sites." Wisconsin Archeologist 44 (June 1963): 98-110.
This report presents the results of investigations into the problem of the formal analysis of cremated bone. It also provides a limited set of observations concerning crematory practices of the Late Archaic populations in Michigan.
Binford, Lewis R. "The Haltiner Copper Cache." Michigan Archaeologist 7 (June 1961): 7-10.
The cache was found near Alpena, Michigan and is thought to be from approximately 600 B.C.
Binford , Lewis R. and George I Quimby. "Indian Sites and Chipped Stone Materials in the Northern Lake Michigan Area." Fieldiana Anthropology 36 (August 29, 1963): 277- 307 (Fitting Mss Box 3)
"Defines a bi-polar type of flint working technique.
Binford, Lewis R. " 'Red Ocher' Caches from the Michigan Area: a Possible Case of Cultural Drift." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 19 (Spring 1963): 89-109. (Fitting Mss Box 3)
"An analysis of Red Ocher grave artifacts.
Blois, John T. "Excavation of a Burial Mound near Fort Wayne, Detroit." Michigan Archaeologist 44 (December 1958): 73-75.
"Earliest record of archaeological work in Michigan, 1838.
Branster , Susan M. Editor. "The Upper Bluff Creek Site, a Multicomponent Late Woodland Period Camp in Alcona County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 35 (March 1959): 8-53.
The site was determined to be eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historical Places as a small ancillary site serving a specialized set of functions in the larger sphere of local and regional prehistory.
Brashler, Janet G. et al. "Recent Research in Hopewell in Michigan." Wisconsin Archeologist 75 (March-June 1994): 2-13.
Brief review of recent research on Hopewellian Middle Woodland period in Michigan.
Brose, David S. "The Fisher Lake Site (20 LU 21); Multicomponent Occupations in Northwest Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 21 (June 1975): 71-90.
Excavations have revealed a stratified site occupied by small population segments. The site shows occupation by Late Woodland groups.
Brose, David S. and Patricia Essenpreis. "A Report on a Preliminary Archaeological Survey of Monroe County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 19 (March -June 1973): 1-182.
Brose, David. "The Valley Sweets Site, 20 SA 24, Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (March 1966): 1-21.
The Valley Sweets site presents a fragmentary picture of at least three periods.
Brunett, Fel V. "An Archaeological Survey of the Manistee River Basin: Sharon, Michigan to Sherman, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (December 1966): 169-182.
The upper Manistee basin displays a full range of prehistoric occupations if we are willing to assume a Paleo bearer for the fluted point.
Buckmaster, Marla. "The Backlund Village Site." Michigan Archaeologist 45 (December 1999): 144-156.
It seems likely the site was occupied seasonally, during the more temperate periods of the year, sometime between A.D. 1000 to 1300.
Bussey, M.T. "The Ancients of Beaver Island." Journal of Beaver Island History 3 (1988): 1-5.
"Prehistoric people on the island.
Butterfield, Ira W. and James E. Fitting. "Archaeological Salvage at 20 BY 31, Bay Co., Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 17 (June 1971): 65-90.
When I-75 was constructed in Monitor Township there were archaeological finds.
Butterfield, Ira W. and Ralph W. Stroebel. "Grinding on Projectile Points in Bay and Saginaw Counties, Michigan."Totem Pole 43 (November 7, 1960). 9 pages (Fitting Mss Box 3)
Calls attention to grinding as an attribute of certain projectile points.
Butterfield, Ira W. "The Jahr Site (20 TU 6) Tuscola County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 25 (September-December 1979): 75-134.
Salvage operations indicate the site was occupied primarily in the Early Woodland – Late Woodland transition period chiefly as a burial complex.
Butterfield, Ira W. "Water Configurations in the Human Environment from the Main Algonquin to the Nipissing I Stages of the Great Lakes in the Saginaw Valley, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 32 (September 1966): 101-137.
The purpose of this article is to explore the vast changes which took place in the Saginaw Valley between about 10,500 and 4,500 years ago, to get a better understanding of the climate and the geological processes which accompanied these changes.
Carstens, Ken. "The Lalone Site 20 AR l, Arenac County, Michigan."
Michigan Archaeologist 16 (June 1970): 49-82.
The site is in the Biotic Provincial Transition zone.
Carstens, Kenneth C. " Tobico (20 BY 32), A Late Woodland Site in Bay County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 18 (September 1972): 113-168.
Archaeological record of the Tobico site is suggestive of a permanent summer village for a people with an Ottawa – type adaption. It appears that women constituted the major inhabitation of the site.
Clancey, Mrs. James Hannibal. "Some Indian Graves at Escanaba." Michigan History 8 (April 1924): 135-139.
Clancey describes artifacts found at these graves.
Clark, Caven. " Plano Tradition Lithics from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 35 (June 1989): 89-112.
Some sites are believed to represent related activity loci and occupations belonging to the Flambeau or Minocqua phase of the late Paleoindian substage.
Clark, Caven P. "The Prehistory of the Birch Run Road Site Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 32 (January-June 1986): 7 –93.
The site produced artifacts attributable to the Early Archaic, Late Archaic, Late Woodland and Historic periods.
Cleland, Charles E. "Barren Ground Caribou (Rangier Arcticus) from an Early Man Site in Southeastern Michigan. American Antiquity 30 (January 1965): 350-351. (Fitting Mss Box 3)
Identification of a phalanx of a Barren Ground Caribou from the Holcombe Site in Southeastern Michigan is perhaps the earliest association of man and an animal species in the eastern United States.
Cleland, Charles E. "A Late Archaic Burial from Washtenaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 9 (October 1963): 41-44.
Burial goods interred in the burial site of an 11 year old male gives an idea of the basic tool inventory of a hunting and gathering group during the Late Archaic period.
Cleland, Charles E. "A Late Woodland Burial from Muir, Ionia County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 15 (September 1969): 78-85.
It appears likely that the Muir burial represents an interment during the early half of the Young tradition.
Cleland, Charles E. "The Matthews Site (20 CL 61) Clinton County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 18 (December 1972): 175-208.
Site is of the Late Historic period, 1760 or later.
DeVissscher , Jerry and Edward J. Wahla. "Additional Paleo-Indian Campsites Adjacent to the Holcombe Site." Michigan Archaeologist 16 (March 1970): 1 –24.
This site in Sterling Township, Macomb County is on the area of the vanished glacial Lake Clinton.
DeVisscher , J. and E. J. Wahla. " Paleo – II – W: A Minor Paleo-Indian Occupation Site in Macomb County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 10 (March 1964): 5-10.
Describes findings at this site in Sterling Township, Macomb County.
DeVisscher, Jerry. "Three Macomb County 'Copper and Mica' Burials.Totem Pole 40 (October 7, 1957): 5 pages (Fitting Mss Box 4)
DeVisscher excavated these sites and reports on his findings.
Douglass, John F. et.al. " Paleoindian, Archaic, and Woodland Artifacts from a Site at Green Lake, Grand Traverse County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 44 (December 1998): 151-192
The artifacts found at this site suggest some of the ways in which people have used this site over a very long period of time.
Draper, Lyman C. et.al. "Ancient Copper Implements." Wisconsin Historical Collections 8 (1877-1879): 165-173.
How ancient copper implements were fabricated.
Dullabaum, Marlene A. "A Preliminary Bibliography on Prehistoric Cultivated Plants in the Great Lakes Drainage Region." Toledo Area Aboriginal Research Club Bulletin 3 (1974): 9-32
Brings together source material relating to the development of prehistoric agriculture in the Great Lakes Drainage region.
Dunham, Seth B. and John B. Anderton. "Late Archaic Radiocarbon Dates from the Popper Site (FS 09-10-03-825/20 AR 350): A Multicomponent Site on Grand Island, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 45 (March 1999): 1-22.
The prehistoric and historic occupations on this site.
Dustin, Fred. "Ancient Pottery Remains in the Saginaw District, Michigan." Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 10 (1929): 69-77. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
Dustin was an avid collector and this article documents his collection.
Dustin, Fred. "An Archaeological Reconnaissance of Isle Royale." Michigan History XLI (1957): 1-34.
Discoveries about the prehistoric miners of Isle Royale with maps.
Dustin, Fred. "Caches of Prehistoric Artifacts Discovered in Saginaw County, Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 27 (1941): 505-510.
What has been discovered in these caches.
Dustin, Fred. "Indian Waterways of the Saginaw District, Michigan." Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 19 (1934): 21-35. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
Dustin describes the various water routes used by the Indians and explorers.
Dustin, Fred. "Materials of the Indian Lapidary in the Saginaw District, Michigan." Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 8 (1927): 11-22. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
What Dustin has discovered about Indian Lapidary.
Dustin, Fred. "Minerals used by the Indians for Making Arrow points." Rocks and Minerals 14 (July 1939): 195 + (Fitting Mss Box 4)
Dustin describes Indian arrow points and what materials the Indians used to make them.
Dustin, Fred. "Prehistoric Storage Pits in Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 21 (1936): 7-11. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
The evidence Dustin has found of these storage pits.
Dustin, Fred. " Saginaw Valley Archaeology." Michigan Archaeologist 14 (March-June 1968): 1-130.
A compilation of Dustin articles.
Dustin, Fred. "Some Ancient Fire-Beds in Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan History 13 (Spring 1929): 301-307.
Evidence Dustin has discovered about these fire beds.
Dustin, Fred. "Some Ancient Indian Village Sites in Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 12 (1930): 75-93. (Fitting Mss Box 4).
The sites which have been discovered and recorded in the Saginaw Valley.
Dustin, Fred. "A Study of the Bayport Chert." Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 20 (1935): 465-475. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
Indian artifacts made of chert, collected in Michigan.
Dustin, Fred. "A Summary of the Archaeology of Isle Royale, Michigan." Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 16 (1932): 1-16. (Fitting Mss Box 4) 16 (1932): 1-16. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
Brief summary of the archaeological discoveries on Isle Royale.
Ellis, H. Holmes. "Surface exposures of Flint and Chert in Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 6 (December 1960): 56-67.
A county by county description of the surface exposures.
Fairchild, Jerry. "The Kralosky Site." Michigan Archaeologist 16 (March 1970): 33 +
This site is in Bridgeport Township, Saginaw County and contains an assemblage of tools which appear to be of Paleo-Indian origin.
Ferguson, William P. F. " Michigan's Most Ancient Industry: The Pre-historic Mines and Miners of Isle Royale." Michigan History 7 (July-October 1923): 155-162.
This article offers a history of the mines.
Finchan, Glenval. "A Stony Creek Burial in Monroe County."Totem Pole 52 : 26-30.
Discoveries at this burial site.
Finley, E. B. "The Mound Builders." Magazine of Western History 5 (February 1887): 439-451.
A theory of their civilization is presented.
Fitting, James. "Archaeological Excavations at the Marquette Mission Site, St. Ignace, Michigan in 1972." Michigan Archaeologist 22 (September 1976): 103-282.
There may have been a small prehistoric component and there certainly was an aboriginal occupation prior to the construction of the Mission.
Fitting, James. " Beaver Island Archaeology."Journal of Beaver Island History 1 (1976): 1-7.
Beaver Island was occupied for thousands of years before the coming of the first European.
Fitting, James E. "The Camp of the Careful Indian: An Upper Great Lakes Chipping Station." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters LII (1967): 237-242. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
Discoveries made at a small archaeological site help to further the understanding of the aboriginal inhabitants of the Great Lakes.
Fitting, James E. "Climatic Change and Cultural Frontiers in Eastern North America." Michigan Archaeologist 21 (March 1975): 25-39. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
The pattern of climatic change in the post – Pleistocene period in eastern North America is known in some detail and there is a clear correlation between environmental and cultural change.
Fitting James, Ed. "Contributions to the Archaeology of the St. Ignace Area." Michigan Archaeologist 20 (September-December 1974): 117-286.
Five articles on archaeology in the St. Ignace area.
Fitting, James E. et.al. "The Goodwin-Gresham Site, 20 IS 8, Iosco County, Michigan." Wisconsin Archeologist 50 (September 1969): 125-183.
It appears that this is primarily a northern Middle Woodlands site with sporadic later occupation by hunting groups. Because of its destruction, from residence and road building activities, it is unlikely a complete picture of the occupation of this site will ever be available.
Fitting, James E. "The Hi-Lo Site: A Late Paleo-Indian Site in Western Michigan." Wisconsin Archeologist 44 (June 1968): 87-96. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
The Hi-Lo site in Ionia County, contributes information about the Late Paleo- Indian occupation in the Michigan area.
Fitting, James E. "The Hodges Site, 20 SA 130, Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 15 (September 1969): 57-77.
The site is in Albee Township, Saginaw County. It is a small Late Woodland campsite, once, or more likely, sporadically, used during the 12 th and 13 th centuries.
Fitting, James E. "A Late 17 th Century Burial from St. Ignace, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 21 (June 1975): 97-107.
Artifacts dug up at utility trench in St. Ignace.
Fitting, James E. "Notes on Bifurcate Stemmed Projectile Points." Totem Pole 47 (April 1964): 32-36. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
Eastern bifurcate stemmed points are distinct and older than southwestern forms."
Fitting, James E. "Rediscovering Michigan Archaeology: The Gilman Collections at Harvard." Michigan Archaeologist 16 (June 1970): 83-114.
Harvard has a collection made by Henry Gillman. Fitting restudied it to see what new could be learned.
Fitting, James E. "Scheduling a Shared Environment: Late Period Land Use Patterns in the Saginaw Valley of Michigan." Ontario Archaeology (1971): 36-41
While late 18th and early 19th century accounts describe a Chippewa occupation of the Saginaw Valley, earlier accounts suggest much more ethnic diversity. In order to understand the accounts, it is necessary to understand the relationship between ethnic units and technic ecotypes in the early historic period and to deal with these ecotypes using concepts such as 'scheduling.' This approach makes it possible to reconcile both early and late descriptions of the region.
Fitting, James E. "Settlement Analysis in the Great Lakes Region."Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 25 (Winter 1969): 360-377. (Fitting Mss Box 4)
The settlement system for Late Archaic, Early, Middle, and Late Woodland periods were examined, and it was possible to trace systematic changes over time. These changes could be related to both environmental change and cultural influence from outside the region.
Fitting, James E. "Some Characteristics of Projectile Point Bases from the Holcombe Site, Macomb County, Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters XLIX (1964). (Fitting Mss Box 4)
In this paper Fitting examines the applicability of quantitative methods to a sample of Paleo-Indian artifacts.
Fitting, James E. "The Welti Site: A Multi-component Site in Southeastern Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 9 (October 1963): 34-40.
This site in Bedford Township, Monroe County has artifacts of the Late Archaic period.
Flanders, Richard E. "Engraved Turtle Shells from Norton Mounds near Great Rapids, Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 50 (1964): 361-364.
Thirteen turtle shell dishes were found at this site.
Flanders, Richard E. " Hopewell Materials from Crockery Creek." Michigan Academician 1 (Winter 1969): 147-151.
This article presents additional information about the burial practices of the Michigan Hopewell from Ottawa County, Michigan.
Fogel, Ira L. "The Dispersal of Copper Artifacts in the Late Archaic Period of Prehistoric North American." Wisconsin Archeologist 44 (September 1963): 129-180.
This study suggests that the distribution of copper in the Late Archaic period reflects an extremely complex pattern of cultural inter-relationships and environmental influences amongst and upon the culture groups living in the Great Lakes region.
Ford, Richard I. and David S. Brose. "Prehistoric Wild Rice from the Dunn Farm Site, Leelanau County, Michigan." Wisconsin Archeologist 56 (March 1975): 9-15.
Reports on the recovery of wild rice from a prehistoric site.
Foster, Donald W. and Donald R. Hagge. "A Unique Secondary Burial of Four Children Found in Taymouth Township, Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 21 (June 1975): 63-70.
Presents information about a highly uncommon fragmented burial process.
Fox, George R. "The Ancient Copper Workshop on Isle Royale." Wisconsin Archeologist 10 (July-October 1911): 73-100.
The mines were worked, probably by a means of fire and water, with the disintegrated rock being pulverized by small stone hammers held in the hands.
Fox, George R. "The Prehistoric Garden Beds of Wisconsin, Michigan and the Fox Indians. Wisconsin Archeologist 40 (March 1959): 1-19.
From long study and wide research the balance of evidence appears to indicate that the makers of the garden beds were the Fox, Sauk, Mascouten, Kickapoo, and possibly the Kitchigami; one or all of these tribes.
Francis, Shirley. "The Real Challenge."Indian Talk 2 (September 1975): 19-20.
An attempt to excavate an entire Woodland Indian village on the Grand River.
Galinee, Rene de Brehant. "Old Mariner's Shrine on Detroit River." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (December 1959): 70-71.
An account of a sacrificial rock which was once on the shore of the Detroit River.
Garland, Elizabeth B. "Early Post-Hopewell Ceremonialism at the Summerville Mounds Site (20 CS 6): The Brainerd Phase in Southwestern Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (July-December 1990): 191-210.
A ceremonial pit feature and nearby ossuary burials that lack grave goods are assigned to the Early Late Woodland period.
Garland , Elizabeth B. "The Strobel Site (20 SJ 180), a Havana Middle Woodland Encampment on the Prairie River in Southwestern Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 41 (March 1995): 1-40.
Possible significance of the Strobel site location in the interior of Southwest Michigan is discussed in relation to the Havana-Hopewell introduction into Michigan.
Gibson, Edmond P. "Ancient Mounds Near Grand Rapids in the Lower Grand River Valley and in Southwestern Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 1 (June 15, 1954): 3-10.
Gibson discusses what has been discovered about these mounds.
Gibson, Edmund P. et.al. "The de Marsac Trading Post Site." Michigan Archaeologist 6 (September 1960): 42-53.
Discusses the excavation and findings at this site in Kent County.
Gibson, Edmond P. "The Norton Mounds in Wyoming Township, Kent County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist. 5 (June 1959): 19-38.
The mounds were found to be of the Hopewell culture.
Gillman, Henry. "Burial Mounds Near Fort Wayne, Detroit." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (December 1958): 71-73.
This is a report on the excavation of these mounds.
Gillman, Henry. "Investigation of the Burial Mound at Fort Wayne, on the Detroit River, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (September 1958): 56-63.
Reports of a partial excavation of a burial mound in 1876 by Gilllman.
Gnau, Tara B. "Indian Mounds to Dumping Grounds: A History of the Rouge River." Dearborn Historian 15 (Spring 1975): 57-75.
This history of the area begins with the Indian inhabitants.
Green, Amos R. "Paleo-Indian and Mammoth were Contemporaneous in Berrien County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 13 (March 1967): 1-10.
Stone implements found in the peat with the mammoth suggest that the Paleo-Indian and the mammoth were comtemporaneous.
Green, Amos R. "A Red Ocher Cache in Berrien County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 10 (March 1964): 1-4.
This cache was found in 1963 on the bluff of the St. Joseph River.
Green, Amos R. and James E. Fitting. "A Turkey Tail Cache from Southwestern Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 10 (December 1964): 83-88.
This cache of turkey tail type spear points was found in Bertrrand Township, Berrien County.
Greenman , Emerson F. "Cultural Relationships of Archaeological Sites in the Upper Great Lakes Region."Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 24 (1938): 1-10.
Greenman presents a classification system.
Greenman, E. F. "An Early Historic Cemetery at St. Ignace." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (July 1958): 28-35.
This cemetery is probably about 300 years old.
Greenman, E. F. "The Garden Beds around Lake Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 3 (June 15, 1957): 12-27.
Similar garden beds are found in Wisconsin, Indiana and Michigan.
Greenman , Emerson F. "The Hopewellian in the Detroit-Windsor Area." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters XXX (1944): 457-464. (Fitting Mss Box 5).
This is an analysis of burial sites in the area.
Greenman , Emerson F. " Michigan Mounds, With Special Reference to Two in Missauki County. "Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 6 (1927): 1-10.
Greenman details what was found in the mounds.
Greenman, E. F. "Prehistoric Detroit." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (December 1958): 81-98.
What has been discovered about the prehistory of the Detroit area.
Greenman, E. F. "A Prehistoric Hunting Knife from Bay County." 7 (March 1961): 4-5.
This is a physical description of the knife.
Greenman, E. F. " Riviere au Vase Site." Michigan Archaeologist 3 (March 15-1957): 9-11.
This site, about five miles north of Mount Clemens, was excavated in 1936 and 1937.
Greenman, E. F. "Three Michigan Wampum Belts." Michigan Archaeologist 8 (June 1962): 16-19.
A physical description of the wampum belts and a description of how they were used.
Griffin, James B. " Hopewell and the Dark Black Glass." Michigan Archaeologist 11 (September-December 1965): 115-155.
Distribution of obsidian in the Central Middle West, its association with sites of the Hopewellian cultures, the varieties of forms produced and some speculations as to the area from which the obsidian was derived.
Halsey, John Robert. "Additional Hopewell Engraved Turtle Shells from Michigan." Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters LI (1966): 389-398. (Fitting Mss Box 5)
This is an attempted synthesis of knowledge acquired on the subject of engraved turtle shells from the Norton Mounds in Kent County and the Schultz Site in Saginaw County.
Halsey, John R. "Hinsdale Mounds 1 and 3 (20 WA 29 and 20 WA 28): Vanished Wayne Mortuary Complex Sites in Washtenaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 29 (March 1984): 91-102.
Evidence is reconsidered on the Hinsdale Mounds which have been determined components of the Wayne Mortuary Complex, an Early Woodland development centered in Southern Michigan.
Halsey, John R. "Weatherly's Antler Beetle." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (July-December 1990): 115-122.
An antler effigy of a stag beetle is analyzed and a possible function suggested.
Hambacher , Michael J. and Margaret B. Holman. "Camp, Cache and Carry: The Porter Creek South Site (20 MN 100) and Cache Pits at 20 MN 31 in the Manistee National Forest." Michigan Archaeologist 41 (June-September 1995): 47-118.
The Porter Creek area may have served as an integral part of a seasonal movement pattern along the warm season villages and winter camps.
Hambacher, Michael J. "The Point Arcadia Site (20 MT 120), Manistee County, Michigan: A Preliminary Consideration of the Williams Collection." Michigan Archaeologist 34 (December 1988): 81-102.
This is a multicomponent Archaic through Contact period site.
Hard, Robert. "A Salvaged Site in Genessee County." Michigan Archaeologist 6 (March 1960): 1-5.
Describes what was found at the Fenton-Clio expressway construction site.
Harper, Victoria G. "A Ceramic Study of the Riviere au Vase Site in Southwestern Michigan."Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 30 (1944): 479-491. (Fitting Mss Box 5).
Cermanic analysis and comparison of findings with other sites.
Harrison, Sidney. "The Schmidt Site (20 SA 192), Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (June 1961): 49-70.
The Schmidt Site has two Late Archaic components dating to a period slightly after 2000 B.C.
Herrick, Ruth. "A Preliminary Report on the Ada Site."Michigan Archaeologist 2 (December 15, 1956): 7-11.
This report concerns signs of Ottawa Indian occupancy at the junction of the Thornapple and Grand Rivers, Ada Township, Kent County.
Herrick, Ruth. "A Report on the Ada Site, Kent County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (March 1959): 1-27.
Signs of Ottawa Indian occupancy in Ada Township.
Higgins, Michael J. "A Case of Prehistoric Bear Ceremonalism in the Lower Kalamzoo River Valley." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (July-December 1990): 161-170.
Evidence for bear ceremonalism was discovered at the Schwerdt Site, a fifteenth century fishing camp in Allegan County.
Hinsdale, Wilbert B. "Indian Corn Culture in Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 8 (1927): 31-49.
The Indians of the Michigan country are classified culturally as having been in the hunter stage but, in fact, they were equally dependent on agriculture.
Hinsdale, Wilbert B. "Indian Mounds, West Twin Lake, Montmorency County, Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 10 (1928): 91-101. (Fitting Mss Box 5)
Description of these mounds.
Hinsdale, Wilbert B. "Reports of Archaeological Field Work in the Summer of 1928 in Montmorency, Newago and Lake Counties, Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 12 (1929): 127-135.
Report of what was found in these three counties.
Hinsdale, Wilbert B. "Spirit Stones." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 14 (1930): 103-112. (Fitting Mss Box 5)
Descriptions of natural objects that evoked the suspicion and veneraton of Indians as they found them in place.
History and Archaeology in St. Ignace."Le Temps-St. Ignace July ( n.d.) (Fitting Mss Box 2)
Two articles about St. Ignace.
Hogg, Victor. "An Indian Burial Site of the Historic Period." Michigan Archaeologist 5 (March 1959): 3-7.
Indian burial site of the Contact Period.
Holman, Margaret B. and Robert G. Kinsley. "Archaeological Investigations at the Caseville Airport Site (20 HU 164) in Huron County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 34 (January-June 1988): 6-40.
Testing of as small Late Woodland Site in the Thumb uncovered an undisturbed domestic area and flint knapping locale.
Holman, Margaret B. "The Bolt House Site (20 OT 11/52) and Woodland Settlement in the Grand River Valley." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (July-December 1990): 171-189.
Archaeological investigations at this site in Ottawa County are described.
Holman, Margaret B. and Frank J. Krist, Jr. "Late Woodland Storage and Mobility in Western Lower Michigan." Wisconsin Archeologist 82 (January-December 2011): 7-32.
Provides and understanding of how people balanced the necessity of seasonal movement with the equally important need to store food in a seasonally and geographically variable environment.
Holman, Margaret B. " Pine River Ware: Evidence for In Situ Development of the Late Woodland in the Straits of Mackinac Region." Wisconsin Archeologist 65 (March 1984): 32-48.
Evidence in favor of in site development of the Late Woodland in the Straits of Mackinac is presented in the form of ceramics that are stylistically intermediate between Middle and Late Woodland wares.
Holm, Richard. "This Holy Ground." Grand Rapids Magazine 20 (January 1983): 30-34+
Unique to Grand Rapids is a cluster of Pre-Columbian Indian Mounds. The Museum wants to fence them in. The Indians want them left alone. The city can't afford to do anything. Meanwhile this 2,000 year old Indian burial ground is a trash dump.
"Hope Depends on You." Indian Talk 2 (July 1975): 29-32.
Michigan's largest surviving group of Indian Mounds in Grand Rapids and what should be done to preserve them.
Houghton, Jacob. "Ancient Copper Mines of Lake Superior." Wisconsin Historical Collections 8 (1877-1879): 152-164.
Traces which the ancient copper miners of Lake Superior have left of the work performed by them indicate and intelligent and industrious race.
Hruska, Robert. "The Riverside Site: A Late Archaic Manifestation in Michigan." Wisconsin Archeologist 48 (September 1967): 145-257.
The site is in Menominee County, Michigan. It represents a transitional culture deriving elements from Old Copper and incorporating new elements from Red Ochre.
Hubbard, Bela. "The Great Mound at the Mouth of the River Rouge." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (December 1958): 75-81.
Reprint of information about this mound which was well known by early Detroiters.
"Indians Confront G. R. Museum." Indian Talk 2 (September 1975): 15-16.
Indians confront Art and Museum Commission demanding the return of a skeleton and other body fragments taken from Hopewell Mounds near Grand Rapids.
Jelinck, Arthur J. "A Late Historic Burial from Berrien County." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (September 1958): 48-51.
The burial appears to be that of a young Indian woman of the Late Historic period.
Jeske, Robert J. "Environment, Ethnicity, and Subsistence Change: The Late Woodland to Mississippian Transition in the Upper Midwest." Michigan Archaeologist 38 (January-June 1992): 55-70.
The development of subregional or ethnic identities within the Late Woodland and Missisippian cultures in the upper Midwest.
Jones, Cynthia L. and Ronald O. Kapp. "Relationship of Bay County, Michigan Presettlement Forest Patterns to Indian Cultures." Michigan Academician 5 (Summer 1972): 17-28. (Fitting Mss Box 6)
The period of climatic and lake level fluctuation is also marked by a change in Indian cultural patterns.
Jones, Volney H. "The Bark of the Bittersweet Vine as an Emergency Food Among the Indians of the Western Great Lakes Region." Michigan Archaeologist 11 (September-December 1965): 170-180.
Presents evidence that bittersweet was the primary emergency food vine.
Jones, Volney H. "Two Textiles from the Valley Sweets Site." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (March 1966): 22-24.
Both textiles are apparently made of native materials in the traditional manner.
Kingsley, Robert G. and Elizabeth Garland. "The De Boer Site: A Late Allegan Phase Site in Allegan County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 26 (March 1980): 3-44.
Analyzes the material culture of the De Boer Site and discusses the placement of this site in the settlement system of the regional Late Allegan phase of the Late Woodland.
Kingsley, Robert G. "On the Occurrence of Hacklander Ware in Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 35 (June 1989): 61-87.
It is suggested that Hacklander Ware is but one example of cultural interaction and dynamics that remain poorly understood in the Upper Great Lakes, and that the Late Woodland period in Michigan was more socially complex than has been previously recognized.
Kingsley, Robert G. " Rethinking Hopewell Ceramic Typology in Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (July-December 1990): 211-231.
A preliminary reformulation of Hopewell Middle Woodland ceramic typology in western Michigan is presented.
Krakker , James J. and Thomas K. Black III. "Analysis of Features at 20 LE 38, A Late Archaic-Early Woodland Site in Southeastern Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 24 (June 1978): 63-80.
An ochre-covered cremation which was uncovered in Mason Township, Lenawee County.
Krakker, James J. "Internal Variation and Intersite Comparison of a Late Prehistoric Lithic Assemblage in Washtenaw County." Michigan Archaeologist 40 (June 1994): 35-61.
Information about activity patterns both within and among sites provided by chipped stone may be useful for reconstructing Late Prehistoric subsistence and settlement patterns.
Krakker, James J. "Investigation of a Small Late Prehistoric Site in St. Clair, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 30 (June 1984): 89-123.
The major period of occupation in the excavation area was during the Late Prehistoric period.
Kullen , Douglas et.al. "Boy Scout Camp (20 IS 97), an Early Late Woodland Site on the Au Sable River, Iosco County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 42 (September-December 1996): 95-198.
Artifact analysis indicates the site was a seasonal camp occupied by a large number of hunters, fishers, and gatherers.
Letasi, David P. "The Plank Road II Site: (20 MR 210) Monroe County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 29 (January-June 1983): 3-25.
A salvage operation at the Plank Road II site uncovered a component of the Satchell complex in which band hunting groups used argillite for the majority of their artifacts.
Losey , Tim C. "Excavation of the Mallon Mound B (20 NE 31), Newago County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 14 (September-December 1968): 135-141.
The Mallon Mound group represents approximately 1000 years of prehistory in the Muskegon River Valley.
Losey, Tim C. " Tuft Lake Village Site." Michigan Archaeologist 13 (September 1967): 129-134.
Located in Everett Township, Newago County, the site was probably not inhabited year round.
Lovis, William A. Editor. "The Archaeology and Physical Anthropology of 20 LP 98: A Woodland Burial Locale in Lapeer County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 23 (March-June 1979): 1-69.
This report describes a salvage excavation in which the crew excavated six Late Woodland and Early Late Woodland burial features.
Lovis , William A. "The Holtz Site (20 AN 26), Antrim County, Michigan; A Preliminary Report." Michigan Archaeologist 17 (June 1971): 49-64.
Artifacts found suggest the site was occupied in the Late Middle Woodland period.
Lovis, William A. "Screaming Loon: A Post- Nipissing Site on the Devil's Elbow." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (July-December 1990): 233-252.
The Screaming Loon site is a Late Archaic site located on the Inland Waterway in northern lower Michigan.
Lozanoff , Scott and David M. Stothers. "A Biocultural Analysis of an Early Late Woodland Population in Southeastern Michigan." Toledo Area Aboriginal Research Bulletin 4 (1975): 1-51.
The excavation and analysis of findings at Gard Island which was undertaken to recover cultural and physical anthropological data.
McKee, Russell. "The Old Copper Indians." Michigan Conservation 34 (January-February 1965): 34-39.
The place, the date, and the people involved in the first use of copper are shrouded in the distant past, but the large quantity of native copper found on the Keweenaw Peninsula points to that location as the place where western man first began to bend metals to his everyday needs.
Mangold, William L. "An Archaeological Survey of the Galien River Basin."Michigan Archaeologist 27 (January-June 1981): 31-51.
The survey was an attempt to establish the prehistoric occupation of this area of Berrien County.
McPherron, Alan L. "Late Woodland Ceramics in the Straits of Mackinac." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 48 (1962): 567-576.
Material found should fill gaps in our knowledge of this period.
Marshall, M. E. "A Pottery Find on the Riviere au Vase Site." Totem Pole 52: 22
The pottery was found near Selfridge field.
Martin, Susan R. ed. "20 KE 20: Excavations at a Prehistoric Copper Workshop." Michigan Archaeologist 39 (September-December 1993): 127-193.
Archaeologists recovered a scatter of copper artifacts and ephemeral feature data which suggested light sporadic use of the area for copper procurement and fabrication over a stretch of several thousand years of prehistoric time.
Martin, Terrance J. "Animal Remains from the Spoonville Site, 20 OT 1, Ottawa County, Michigan. Michigan Archaeologist 21 (March 1975): 1-8.
The economy represented at Spoonville appears to be a model of the Carolinian biotic province which marks an early, at least partial, dependence on agriculture.
Martin, Terrance J. "Animal Remains from the Winter Site, a Middle Woodland Occupation in Delta County, Michigan." Wisconsin Archeologist 61 (April 1980): 91-99.
An examination of faunal remains recovered from the Winter site reveals that fall-spawning fish were an important subsistence resource for the principal Middle Woodland component at the northern Lake Michigan coastal site.
Martin, Terrance J. "A Reconsideration of Animal Exploitation at the Spring Creek Site." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (July-December 1990): 123-140.
A hypothis is proposed that the Spring Creek site constitutes a series of cold weather occupations by a small number of families.
Mason, Ronald J. "Two Unusual ' Birdstones' from South Central Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 3 (March 15, 1957): 3-5.
The 'birdstones' are evidently made in the likeness of a sea mammal.
Matson, Frederick R. "Further Technological Notes on the Pottery of the Younge Site, Lapeer County, Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 24 (1938): 11-24.
Firing techniques on the pottery and how to date it.
Maxwell, Moreau S. "Indian Artifacts at Fort Michilimackinac, Mackinac City, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 10 (June 1964): 23-30.
Between 1959 and 1963 excavators at Fort Michilimackinac found few Indian artifacts.
Mead, Barbara and Robert G. Kingsley. " 20 IS 46, A Late Archaic Cemetery in Iosco County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 31 (September 1985): 67-81.
Salvage excavation revealed a cemetery dating to 1140 B.C., the oldest cemetery yet recorded in Michigan north of the Saginaw Valley.
Mikkola, Paul H. "Physical Properties of Red Ocher." Michigan Archaeologist 16 (March 1970): 43-46.
This work attempts to clearly identify the physical properties of red ocher as found in the Pomranky site.
Mitchell, Barry M. "Archaeology of the Petawawa River: The Second Site at Montgomery Lake." Michigan Archaeologist 15 (March-June 1969): 1-53.
This is a Middle Woodland and Prehistoric Iroquois site.
Moll, Harold W. and Norman G. Moll. "Manito Stones Near Midland." Michigan Archaeologist 5 (December 1959): 53-60.
Prehistoric remains along the Pine River near Midland include Manito stones.
Moll, Harold W. and Eldon S. Cornelius. "Two Prehistoric Lodge Sites Near Midland." Michigan Archaeologist 3 (September 15, 1957): 1-5.
A study of two dwelling lodge sites found near Midland, Michigan.
Morrison, Dennis. "Prehistoric Potters."Above the Bridge 6 (Spring 1990): 40-41.
Morrison tells of a unique find near Newberry, Michigan in 1896.
Morrison, Dennis Michael. "A Red Ochre Find at 20 IS 8, Oscoda, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 34 (September 1988): 63-66.
A Red Ochre burial site with an estimated age of 1140 B.P.
Mortimore, Frank. "Observations of an Amateur Archaeologist: The Pasco Site (Late Woodland), the Skinner Site (Historic) Shiawassee Co., Antrim Twp, Michigan." Shiawassee Gazette 23 (June 1982): 5 pages.
For a local publication Mortimore notes what he has found at these sites.
Nerm , Craig F. and Charles E. Cleland. "The Gros Cap Cemetery Site, St. Ignace, Michigan: A Reconsideration of the Greenlees Collection." Michigan Archaeologist 20 (March 1974): 1-58.
The authors claim that this cemetery is most likely the oldest continually used cemetery in the United States.
Olson, Gordon. "The Mound Builders of the Grand River Valley." Grand River Valley Review 5: 14-21.
At the time of Christ, the Hopewell had a thriving culture on the banks of the Grand.
Omwake , H. F. and M. Joseph Becker. "Evaluation of an Assortment of White Clay Pipe Bowl and Stem Fragments Surface-Collected and Excavated from Sites in Southern Michigan and Ohio." Northwest Ohio Quarterly 37 (Autumn 1965): 133-150.
Perhaps the most significant data derived from the study of these pipes concerns the furthering of knowledge regarding the distribution of Kaolin pipes in the Michigan Ohio area.
Ozker, Doreen. "A Descriptive Report of the Surface Collections from Site 20 MD 28, Chippewa Nature Center, Midland, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 22 (March 1976): 1-100.
The center has made an extensive collection of prehistoric artifacts from the surface of its land.
Ozker, Doreen. "The Naughe Site 20 MD 30 Midland County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 22 (December 1976): 315-355.
The site has components from Late Archaic into Early Late Woodland.
Ozker, Doreen. "Sumac Bluff (20 MD 25), A Site on the Chippewa River in Midland." Michigan Archaeologist 22 (December 1976): 283-313.
Sumac Bluff, a very Early Late Woodland site on the Chippewa River, is a shallow site in which contents of features below plow zone are combined for analysis with cultural material from the plow zone.
Paldi, Wm. A. "A Copper Nugget from the Michigan Thumb." Totem Pole 52 :23-24.
A 12 pound copper nugget found in Sanilac County.
Papworth, Mark. "Artifacts from the Kimmel Site, Berrien Springs, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 4 (September 1958): 51-56.
Artifacts found here resemble materials from the Late Archaic period.
Paquette, James R. "Burning Desire: My Search for Early Man in Michigan's Upper Peninsula." Lake Superior Magazine (December-January 1996): 23-29.
The author startled the archaeological world with his finds.
Peebles, Christopher S. "Of Archaeology and Archaeologists in Saginaw County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 24 (September-October 1978): 83-129.
Summarizes and evaluates the archaeological resources that exist for Saginaw County.
Peru, Donald V. "The Distribution of Fluted Points in Cass County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 13 (September 1967): 137-146.
Cass County may have been occupied by Paleo-Indians during the latter part of the Middle Cary period.
Peru, Donald V. "The Distribution of Fluted Points in the Counties of Kent and Allegan, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 11 (March 1965): 1-8.
Based on evidence it is estimated the earliest date for the penetration of Early Man in the area is about 13,500 B.P.
Peru, Donald. "The Tolles Site." Michigan Archaeologist 15 (December 1969): 101-108.
Site is in Van Buren County and over twelve hundred artifacts were found there.
Pilling, Arnold R. "Life at Porter Site 8, Midland County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (December 1966): 235-248.
An attempt to reconstruct the life of persons who formerly occupied this site.
Pilling, Arnold R. "Six Archaeological Sites in the Detroit Area." Michigan Archaeologist 7 (September 1961): 13-30; 7 (December 1961): 33-54.
These six sites contribute to our knowledge of Michigan prehistory.
"A Possible Copper Route." Totem Pole 18 (March 3, 1947): 1-5.
A theory about a possible way copper was distributed.
Prahl , Earl J. "The Morin Site (20 MO 40) – Monroe County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 20 (June 1974): 65-95.
The Morin Site was first occupied during the 7 th and 8 th centuries, A.D.
Prahl, Earl J. "The Mounds of the Muskegon." Michigan Archaeologist 37 (June 1991): 59-125.
Discussion of the excavation as well as the ecological characteristics of the Muskegon Valley and its relationship to the Carolinian – Canadian area in Michigan.
Prahl, Earl J. "The Muskegon River Survey: 1965 and 1966." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (December 1966): 183-209.
The results of this two year survey reveal over 10,000 years of aboriginal occupation of the Muskegon River Valley.
Prahl, Earl J. "Prehistoric Dogs of Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 13 (March 1967): 13-27.
Dog remains have been recovered from prehistoric sites in Michigan.
Quimby, George I. "Aboriginal Camp Sites on Isle Royale, Michigan." American Antiquity 4 (January 1939): 215-223. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
An analysis of pottery and other artifacts from three camp sites on Isle Royale.
Quimby, George I. "Dated Indian Burials in Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 23 (1937): 63-72. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
Significance of Indian burials of the Historic period in Michigan. Their dating is by means of trade objects associated with the burials.
Quimby, George I. "European Trade Articles as Chronological Indicators for the Archaeology of the Historic Period in Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 24 (1938): 25-31. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
The purpose of this paper is to reveal the relationships between known ethnic groups and prehistoric culture.
Quimby, George. "Exploring an Underwater Indian Site." Chicago Natural History Museum Bulletin (August 1966): 2-4. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
Discoveries made by the diving members of the expedition showed that the site was an Indian village of the Middle Woodland period at the bottom of Lake Superior.
Quimby, George. "The Gros Cap Cemetery Site in Mackinac County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 9 (December 1963): 50-57.
This site dates from the Middle Historic period, 1670-1760.
Quimby, George I. " Hopewellian Pottery Types in Michigan." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 26 (1940): 489-494. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
Quimby presents a summary of what is known about this pottery.
Quimby, George I. "An Indian Earthwork in Muskegon County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 11 (September-December 1965): 165-169.
The author believes the South Flats Club circular enclosure is the site of a small palisaded settlement of the Late Woodland period.
Quimby, George I. "Indian Trade Objects in Michigan and Louisiana." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 27 (1941): 543-551. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
How to use trade objects to date an Indian site.
Quimby, George I. "Late Archaic Culture and the Algoma Beach in the Lake Michigan Basin." Wisconsin Archeologist 39 (September 1958): 175-179.
This assemblage of artifacts seem to have been present in the Upper Great Lakes region between 900 B.C. and 100 B.C.
Quimby, George I. "Late Period Copper Artifacts in the Upper Great Lakes Region." Wisconsin Archeologist 44 (December 1963): 193-198.
The author calls attention to some tools and ornaments made by Indians of the Late Woodland and Historic periods.
Quimby , George I. "Notes on Indian Trade Silver Ornaments in Michigan."Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 22 (1936): 15-24. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
The possible archaeological applications of the study of trade silver are the dating of historic sites and the identification of the tribe which occupied a given site.
Quimby, George I. and Albert C. Spaulding. "The Old Copper Culture and the Keweenaw Waterway." Fieldiana – Anthropology 36 (November 8, 1957): 189-201. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
Material collected at this site probably indicates a comparatively ancient occupation.
Quimby, George I. "The Old Copper Culture and Their World." Chicago Natural History Museum Bulletin (January 1959): 4-5. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
The Old Copper Indians were the first fabricators of metal in America.
Quimby, George I. "An Old Copper Site at Menominee, Michigan." Wisconsin Archeologist 38 (June 1957): 37-41.
Describes artifacts from this site which are at the Chicago Natural History Museum.
Quimby, George I. "The Stony Lake Mounds, Oceana County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 10 (March 1964): 11-16.
Groups of Late Woodland Indians who lived in western Michigan between A.D. 900 and 1700 erected mounds of earth over the remains of their dead.
Ritzenthaller, Robert. "An Eighteenth Century Indian Site in the Michigan Upper Peninsula." Wisconsin Archeologist 53 (March 1972): 40-41.
Historic Indian material was recovered in 1971 and donated to the Milwaukee Public Museum.
Ritzenthaller , Robert and George I. Quimby. "The Red Ocher Culture of the Upper Great Lakes and Adjacent Areas." Fieldiana- Anthropology 36 (March 27, 1962): 243-275. (Fitting Mss Box 7)
The authors define the Red Ocher culture by analysis of information from all site reports and plot its distribution.
Rogers, Margaret B. "The 46 th Street Site and the Occurrence of Allegan Ware in Southwestern Michigan."Michigan Archaeologist 18 (June 1972): 47-108.
This site is on the south bank of the Kalamazoo River in Heath Township, Allegan County. It contains material from the Middle Woodland and Early Late Woodland periods.
Roosa, William B. "Some Great Lakes Fluted Point Types." Michigan Archaeologist 11 (September-December 1965): 89-102.
This is an effort to distinguish several types of fluted points found in the area.
Roosa, William B. "The Warner School Site." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (March 1966): 25-34.
This is a Late Archaic site in Flint Township, Genesee County.
"The Sand Point Site (20 BG 14)." Michigan Archaeologist 26 (September-December 1980): 7-90.
Several papers are presented on the Sand Point site on the Keweenaw Peninsula.
Sauer, Norm and Caven Clark. "The Massee Rockshelter: A Prehistoric Mortuary Site on Isle Royale, Lake Superior."Michigan Archaeologist 37 (September 1991): 141-161.
The only recorded mortuary site on Isle Royale, the site contained fifteen individuals.
Schmidt, Walter L. "Arrow Points of Bay County, Michigan." Totem Pole 26 (December 4, 1950): 1-4.
Details the arrow points which have been found in Bay County.
Schmidt, Walter L. "Bay County Chert Scrapers." Totem Pole 41 (April 7, 1958): 3 pages.
Describes and illustrates several scrapers found in Bay County.
Schmidt, Walter L. " Birdstones of the Saginaw Bay Area." Michigan Archaeologist 8 (March 1962): 63-70.
A description of several birdstones known to the author.
Shoshani, Jeheskel et. al. "Ecological Context of Two Early Archaic Projectile Points from Michigan: A Lecroy and a Kessell Point Recovered at 20 OK 394." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (March 1990): 1-20.
These projectile points may shed light on occupants of the central Great Lakes in earliest Holocene times.
Shott, Michael J. and Paul D. Welch. "Archaeological Resources of the Thumb Area of Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 30 (January-June 1984): 1-79.
Summarizes the history of archaeological research in the Thumb area.
Shott , Michael J. ed. "Archaeology in Ann Arbor." Michigan Archaeologist 33 (January-June 1987): 5-117.
Several reports on archaeological sites in the Ann Arbor area.
Smith, Arthur George. "Woodworking Tools of the Paleoindian."Totem Pole 43 (April 4, 1960): 6 pages.
Several woodworking tools are described.
Spero, George B. et. al. "The Armintrout-Blackman Site (20 AE 812): A Middle Woodland Occupation in the Kalamazoo River Valley." Michigan Archaeologist (December 1991): 213-254.
The site is a small Middle Woodland Hopewellian campsite on the north bank of the Kalamazoo River.
Speth, John D. "The Whorley Earthwork." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (December 1966): 211-227.
The site is located at Gilead Lake, Branch County and remains an enigma.
Spooner, H. L. "The Big Mound at Springwells." Michigan History 15 (Summer 1921): 446-453.
This article describes a mound at River Rouge used by pre-historic Indians.
"Stalemate: Everybody Loses in Mounds Remains Dispute." Indian Talk 2 (October 1975): 13-15.
Grand Rapids City Commission declined to decide the fate of Indian remains removed from the Norton Indian Mounds.
Stothers , David M. and Neil Campling. "Ancient Elephant Hunters in the Western Lake Erie Basin." Toledo Area Aboriginal Research Club Bulletin 3 (1974): 1-7.
A fluted Clovis point could represent the earliest penetration by man into the region of the western Lake Erie littoral.
Stothers , David M. and David G. Miller. "The Card Island no. 3 and Indian Island no. 3 Sites: Two Early Late Woodland Fishing Stations in Southeastern Michigan." Toledo Area Aboriginal Research Club Bulletin 6 (1977): 1-79.
It is believed these two sites were 'task specific' subsistence extractive encampments which represent one small aspect of the total settlement-subsistence system of prehistoric peoples.
Stothers , David M. and G. Michael Pratt. "New Perspectives on the Late Woodland Cultures of the Western Lake Erie Region."Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 6 (1981): 91-121.
A critical reexamination of the Fitting model using ceramic development.
Synder, J. F. "The Primitive Flint Industry." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 3 (July 1910): 11-25
Materials and forms used in flint making.
Taggart, David W. "Seasonal Patterns in Settlement, Subsistence, and Industries in the Saginaw Late Archaic." Michigan Archaeologist 13 (December 1967): 153-170.
Two Late Archaic sites in the Saginaw Valley dating to approximately 1900 B.C. are compared.
Thompson, Harold W. "An Archaeological Survey of the Tuscola State Game Area and Peripheral Public and Private Lands: 1974 Season." Michigan Archaeologist 24 (June 1978): 45-61.
Eight new sites were located in a continuing archaeological survey of the upper reaches of the Cass River in Tuscola County.
Thompson, Harold W. "A Slate Procurement Station in Tuscola County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 30 (January-June 1984): 81-85.
Prehistoric people utilized slate nodules originating in glacial gravels.
Ursum , Daniel C. "Point Arcadia Site (20 MT 120)." Michigan Archaeologist 31 (September-December 1985): 40-52.
This site is located in Arcadia Township, Manistee County. It was an Indian camping ground which survived until 1983.
Wagner, Jerry. "Old Culture Indian Tools."Wilderness Chronicle 14 (Winter 1988): 49-50.
Looking at the tools used by the old culture Indian peoples helps us better understand their way of life.
Wahla, Ed. J. "Everyday Life in the Proto-Historic Michigan Indians." Totem Pole 44 (March 1961): 1-6; 44 (April 1961): 7-12; 44 (May 1961): 13-18; 44 (June 1961): 19-25; 44 (November 1961): 29-35.
This series of articles provides an overview of what is known about everyday life for the early Indians of Michigan.
Wahla , Ed. J. "The Hafting of Stone Age Implements."Totem Pole 27 (September 1951): 1-4.
Why and how hafting was accomplished.
Wahla, Ed. J. "Holcombe Paleo-Indian Site." Totem Pole 44 (October 1961): 23-28.
The author reports on the dig at this site.
Wahla, Ed. J. "A Prehistoric Village Site at Huron City." Totem Pole 16 (February 1946): 1-2.
A description of the site is reported.
Wahla, Ed. J. "Scottsbluff Aquaplano Sites in South Eastern Michigan." Totem Pole 45 (February 1962): 3 pages.
Fluted points were found at this site.
Wahla, Edward J. " Tessner Prehistoric Cemetery, Oakland County." Michigan Archaeologist 9 (March 1963): 7-11.
This is a study of a large prehistoric cemetery in Avon Township.
Walz , Gregory R. "The Paleoethnobotany of the Schwerdt Site (20 AE 127), an Early Fifteenth Century Encampment in the Lower Kalamazoo River Valley, Allegan County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 38 (January-June 1992): 121-138.
The site, a Berrien phase Sturgeon fishery, represents one aspect of a seasonally oriented economic and settlement system that operated within the mixed forest environs of southwestern Michigan.
Weston, Donald E. "White Rock and White River Site 20-HU-39 Huron County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 21 (December 1975): 161-178.
This site is a small, probably Late Woodland site.
Wobst, Martin H. "The Stone School Site." Michigan Archaeologist 11 (June 1965) 59-70.
This site throws some light on the cultural history of Washtenaw county from Late Paleo-Indian to Late Woodland times.
Woolworth, Alan and Nancy Woolworth. "Thirty Old Copper Culture Artifacts from Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 9 (July 1963): 17-19+
Examines a collection in the Minnesota Historical Society Museum and provides information about the artifacts.
Wright, Gary A. "Eastern Edge Survey: 1965 Season." Michigan Archaeologist 12 (December 1966): 151-168.
The primary focus of interest for the survey in the northeastern section of Michigan was to determine the extent of aboriginal occupation in this area.
Wright, Henry T. "The Lux Site (20 SA 196): A Paleoindian Site in Saginaw County." Michigan Archaeologist 42 (June 1996): 61-78.
Lux evidence can be taken to suggest that some foraging groups did occasionally range over the central Great Lakes region prior to 11,000 B.P.
Wright, Henry T. "A Transitional Archaic Campsite at Green Point (20 SA 1)." Michigan Archaeologist 10 (March 1964): 17-22.
A brief par
" Ancient Garden Beds of Michigan." Michigan History 27 (Winter 1946): 673-684.
"Antiquities in Lake Superior Mines."Historical Magazine (October 1858): 299.
Baby, Raymond S. and Edwards S. Thomas. "The Tremper Pipes."Museum Echoes 31 (November 1958) 4 pages (MSS Fitting Box 3)
Baker, R. Ray. " Michigan's Mound Builders." Michigan History 29 (April-June 1945): 313-318.
Carstens, Ken. "The Lalone Site 20 AR l, Arenac County, Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 16 (June 1970): 49-82.
Stone implements found in the peat with the mammoth suggest that the Paleo-Indian and the mammoth were contemporaneous.
Greenman , Emerson F. "The Hopewellian in the Detroit-Windsor Area."Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters XXX (1944): 457-464. (Fitting Mss Box 5).
Greenman , Emerson F. " Michigan Mounds, With Special Reference to Two in Missauki County."Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 6 (1927): 1-10.
Herrick, Ruth. "A Preliminary Report on the Ada Site. "Michigan Archaeologist 2 (December 15, 1956): 7-11.
Higgins, Michael J. "A Case of Prehistoric Bear Ceremonialism in the Lower Kalamazoo River Valley." Michigan Archaeologist 36 (July-December 1990): 161-170.
Evidence for bear ceremonialism was discovered at the Schwerdt Site, a fifteenth century fishing camp in Allegan County.
"History and Archaeology in St. Ignace. "Le Temps-St. Ignace July ( n.d.) (Fitting Mss Box 2)
The development of sub regional or ethnic identities within the Late Woodland and Mississippian cultures in the upper Midwest.
The ' Birdstones' are evidently made in the likeness of a sea mammal.
The Morin Site was first occupied during the 7th and 8th centuries, A.D.
Shott , Michael J. and Paul D. Welch. "Archaeological Resources of the Thumb Area of Michigan." Michigan Archaeologist 30 (January-June 1984): 1-79.
Looking at the tools used by the old culture Indian people helps us better understand their way of life.
A brief partial description of the community which once occupied this site near the Tittabawasee River near Saginaw.
Wyckoff, Larry M. "The Physical Anthropology of the Sand Point Site (20 BG 14)." Michigan Archaeologist 27 (January-June 1981): 5-30.
The purpose of this study is to present data on human skeletal material from the Sand Point site in Baraga County.
Wyckoff, Larry M. "The Red Ochre Burials from the Glide Site (20 SE 8)." Michigan Archaeologist 23 (December 1977): 157-167.
The Glide site is of the Late Archaic period. Description of the community which once occupied this site near the Tittabawasee River near Saginaw.
The Glide site is of the late Archaic period.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Amazing Life Of Dr. Margaret Chung, The First American-Born Chinese Woman Physician and Surgeon
Dale DeBakcsy August 1, 2018
HistoryMedicineWomen in Science1 Comment11 min read
Her mother was raised in a brothel, and her "son" was Ronald Reagan.
Take any section of Dr. Margaret Chung's (1889-1959) life, and lay it against any other, and it is hard to believe they come from the biography of the same person. From an immigrant's daughter hauling vegetables to earn enough to eat, she ended life as a celebrity surgeon and wartime hero with a small army of adopted sons that included admirals, senators, actors, and artists. A conservative Bohemian, a Platonic lesbian, and a traditional modernist, Chung was a nexus of contradiction held together by will and grit, a woman out of her own time and yet who could have been produced by none other.
Chung's parents were immigrants from China who fell into the clutches of the late 19th century American missionary system's benevolent despotism. A number of religious sects at the time looked at the misery of the Chinese immigrant community and realized with a sort of reptilian cunning that here lay opportunity. The Presbyterian Church in particular explicitly formed a strategy targeting young girls, theorizing that a converted girl indoctrinated into a cult of motherhood and Christ would in turn be a center of Christian conversion in her community, a community otherwise inaccessible to white missionaries.
Chung's parents were harvested by the Presbyterians in this manner under the public banner of charity and the private justification of sectarian tactics. Her mother, Lai Wan, was pulled at a young age from a brothel where she was working and given a home and stability in exchange for allowing herself to be made into the willing tool of the California Presbyterian Church's conversion strategy. Her father was similarly brought up through the Presbyterian ranks in a different city, attaining a reputation for unique devotion. The Church decided it would be advantageous to marry their two star creations off to each other, and they were duly thrown into each other's paths.
While this system of preying on immigrants' misery to create strongholds of religious belief in an otherwise inaccessible culture is transparently heinous to us now, at the time it was considered the height of charity, something you could never be thankful enough for having inflicted upon you. Chung's parents were lifelong attendees of their Church, and they passed their imposed modern Western Christian perspective onto the gaggle of seven children (out of eleven births) that they had been taught to produce by an iron doctrine of Tactical Fecundity encased in the velvet glove of Traditional Motherhood.
The serial births that Chung's mother endured in the name of that philosophy combined with tuberculosis to prematurely end her life, and much of the care for her enfeebled and worn body but persevering spirit fell to young Margaret. Her father kept the family moving as he started and failed in venture after venture, desperately trying to feed his large family via the handful of professions allowed a Chinese man in the late 19th century: raising and selling vegetables, agricultural labor, and the selling of "traditional" Chinese items.
Margaret tended to her mother, went to school when she could, and worked every other moment to try and keep the family afloat, all the while guided by an ambition to become what the Presbyterian Church had taught her family was the noblest profession of all: a medical missionary. To young Margaret, it represented a chance to travel to a native land she had never seen and help those crippled by disease, and to the Church it was a golden opportunity to use foreign hospitals as potential conversion centers. Church circulars consequently lionized the profession. Margaret was resolute – a doctor she would be.
Women in the medical profession were, by this point, nowhere near as rare as even three decades before. Several of the schools that had opened mid century to provide medical training for women had already folded, their boards determining that they were no longer needed with so many first rank coeducational medical colleges available. In 1907, Chung entered the USC Preparatory Academy, a high school that had connections to the USC College of Physicians and Surgeons. Graduates from the preparatory school could attend the College, meaning that Chung could go to medical school straight from high school, a situation common enough at the close of the 19th century but that was increasingly rare in the professionalized medical atmosphere of the early 20th century.
Entering the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1911, Chung began adopting the dress and mannerisms of the predominantly male colleagues around her, creating a persona she named "Mike," sporting pulled back hair and a men's sport jacket, and cultivating a taste for swearing, hunting, and bawdy humor. Graduating from USC in 1916, she instantly applied for a position as a medical missionary to China, only to be peremptorily rejected.
Stunned by the rejection, Chung set about finding a new direction in life, working as a virtually unpaid surgeon in Chicago, as a psychological evaluator at a juvenile detention facility, and finally as a surgeon for the Santa Fe Railroad, where she developed a reputation for treating the company's Mexican workers with a compassion they were unaccustomed to receiving from the rest of the staff. She also slowly created a practice treating traveling performers and Hollywood professionals who would be critical in the establishment of her famous practice in San Francisco.
She fell in love with that city on a visit in the early 1920s and in 1922 decided to relocate her practice there, settling into the heart of Chinatown and reveling in the Bohemian delights of Nob Hill and Little Italy, exploring the romantic attraction to women that she felt, but that was condemned both by the religion she grew up in and the traditional Chinese community she was living among. As an unmarried, unconventional professional woman, her activities and Western leanings were viewed with distrust among the residents of Chinatown even as her client base among the city's white population swelled.
From an immigrant's daughter hauling vegetables to earn enough to eat, she ended life as a celebrity surgeon and wartime hero with a small army of adopted sons that included admirals, senators, actors, and artists.
Decking her office out in traditional Chinese trappings, Chung's practice was a cult destination for those seeking the benefits of Western medicine among the lush trappings of the exotic Orient. She was also known as one of the few doctors in the city willing to lend a compassionate ear to women seeking birth control and abortion, routinely referring such cases to doctors she knew to be professional and discrete. By 1931, Chung had established a routine that appeared glamorous from the outside but that she felt was personally unfulfilling: a thriving practice, proximity to the Bohemian and queer friendly nightlife of San Francisco, and a degree of material prosperity beyond the dreams of her hard scrabble childhood.
That year, however, her life was upturned when Japan invaded China and an unemployed pilot sought Chung out to ask her how he might volunteer his services in the defense of China. She had no connections with the Chinese military to speak of, but what she could do was cook him a nice meal and listen to his problems as a pilot in the depths of the Depression. Soon not only he, but his other pilot friends as well, made a ritual of taking dinner with Dr. Chung. One fateful night they joked that they'd like to adopt her as their mother but were worried about lacking a father as a result. She fired back, calling them her Fair-Haired Bastards, and a legend was born.
The order of the Fair-Haired Bastards was duly founded, an ever growing collection of pilots who met at "Mom" Chung's once a week to eat a full meal, make connections, and hear her exhortations to get revenge on the Japanese invaders of her parents' native land. Over the 1930s, the association grew as Chung adopted thousands of pilots, submariners, admirals, and eventually celebrities (including a young Ronald Reagan) and congressmen. She was personally responsible for covertly drafting over a hundred pilots to serve in the famous Flying Tigers squadron that served in China before America's entry into World War II.
With the entry of the United States into the War in 1941, Chung was launched from the realm of local curiosity to that of national celebrity. She became a potent symbol of Chinese-American cooperation to a nation that tended to lump the Chinese and Japanese together in one tangled lump of Otherness. The thousands of care packages she personally packed to send off to her sons overseas became the stuff of newspaper articles and even comic book features, and her web of military and governmental connections gave her a lobbying power unavailable to most Americans, let alone women of Chinese descent.
At the war's beginning, she parlayed that influence into momentum for the creation of a new military volunteer organization, known to history as the WAVES. Though primarily associated with the name of its first director, Mildred McAfee, it was Chung who first proposed the idea of a Naval branch for women, and collected enough political support to see that idea through the House and Senate. She expected to subsequently serve in the organization that she had spearheaded, only to find her applications mysteriously rejected, perhaps because of rumors about her sexuality, perhaps simply because of her age (she was over fifty by the time of the organization's founding).
Chung threw her time into the war effort, speaking where she could, tending to the injuries of returned adopted sons, raising money for the support of China, and writing thousands of letters to her boys on the front lines who otherwise would have received none. Her medical practice suffered as a result, and by war's end she was on the verge of having to give up her home when the Fair-Haired Bastards heard about it and raised money among themselves to pay her mortgage.
The war's end was the summit of Chung's hopes and the culmination of a decade and a half of behind the scenes support work, all carried off at the expense of her career as surgeon and physician. The next fourteen years saw her grow physically more frail, only able to work a couple of hours each day, while she threw herself into an intense but Platonic relationship with singer-actress Sophie Tucker. The Chinese background that had led to the success of her practice and catapulted her to fame during the war worked increasingly against her over the 1950s, as Americans viewed China as another arm of the great Red Terror, and viewed with menace what they once found bursting with sumptuous exotic charm. She wrote an autobiography that would have been a best seller in 1944, but couldn't even find a publisher in the hardened climate of the 1950s.
Dr. Margaret "Mom" Chung underwent surgery for ovarian cancer in 1958 and, realizing that the end could not be long off, set about putting her affairs in order, including plans for a funeral that would be as much a tribute to the thousands of adopted sons who had taken comfort in her words and acts of kindness as a summation of her life. She died on the 5th of January 1959. Her casket was born to its final resting place by the Mayor of San Francisco, two admirals of the Navy, two privates, and an ensign.
Lead image National Museum of the U.S. Navy via Wikimedia; public domain
FURTHER READING: The story of Dr. Chung's life was exhaustively researched and brought to light by the efforts of Judy Tzu-Chun Wu, whose 2005 Doctor Mom Chung of the Fair-Haired Bastards: The Life of a Wartime Celebrity is a powerful telling of the hardships faced by Chung's parents, and the improbably potent bond between Chung and her thousands of adopted sons. Like a lot of writing brought forth from the academic system, it tends to repeat its theses over and over again with slightly different wording, but the attraction of the story, and Wu's incredible work unearthing Chung's unpublished autobiography and hunting down surviving Fair-Haired Bastards more than compensates.
And for more awesome Women in Science comics, check out the archive and my books, Illustrated Women in Science – Volume 1, 2 and 3.
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Dale DeBakcsy
Dale DeBakcsy is the writer and artist of the Women In Science and Cartoon History of Humanism columns, and has, since 2007, co-written the webcomic Frederick the Great: A Most Lamentable Comedy with Geoffrey Schaeffer. He is also a regular contributor to The Freethinker, Philosophy Now, Free Inquiry, and Skeptical Inquirer. He studied intellectual history at Stanford and UC Berkeley before becoming a teacher of mathematics and drawer of historical frippery.
Disney's Beauty And The Beast Turns 25, Angela Lansbury (Mrs. Potts) Sings Title Song, We Cry
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Animated Short Film Pays Tribute To Ada Lovelace
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She's Beautiful When She's Angry: A Provocative Look At The Feminist Movement
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December 28, 2018 Ahmed Reply
I love the content. Wonderfully written.


This week, the New York Police Department (NYPD) announced that it will be adding a fleet of crime-fighting drones to its ranks. The NYPD plans to roll out 14 drones as part of its technology "evolution." Police Commissioner James O'Neill said, "As the largest municipal police department in the United States, the NYPD must always be willing to leverage the benefits of new and always-improving technology." The hope is that these drones will enable the NYPD's trained police officers to be even more responsive, effective and efficient. A NYPD spokesperson said that the drones will not be used for everyday police patrol, unlawful surveillance or to enforce traffic laws. Additionally, these drones will not be used as weapons or equipped with any weapons.
As part of this drone program, 29 NYPD police officers have been trained and licensed to operate drones. The fleet will consist of 11 DJI Mavic Pro quadcopters for tactical operations, and 2 DJI M210 RTK quadcopters for search and rescue missions, and 1 DJI Inspire 1 quadcopter for training other police officers. The drones will also be used for large-scale city events, hazmat investigations, hostage situations and for accessing hard-to-reach crime scenes.
Prior to implementing this program, the NYPD conferred with over 900 agencies across the country that are already using drones.


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Gary Eugene Rogers
Gary Eugene Rogers, age 62 of Carthage died Thursday, April 22, 2021. He was born March 25, 1959 in Anaheim, CA. Gary worked both as a fireman and roofer while living in Southern California. Gary and his wife Jane relocated to Arkansas in 2003 where he was roofing contractor. Gary was a devoted father, son and husband. Gary had one of the biggest hearts possible in a human being and it shined through with every interaction he had with others. He was the kind of man who could make friends with someone within minutes of meeting them. Gary had an infectious laugh and always seemed to have the right thing to say when someone was feeling down. Gary loved his family with every beat of his heart and his faith in God was never wavered despite all of life's obstacles. Gary is preceded in death by his mother, Nova Mae Holloway Rogers. He is survived by his wife Jane Dunne Rogers of Carthage; two sons, Andrew Rogers of Phoenix, AZ, Aaron Rogers of Long Beach, CA; three daughters, Angela Aldred of Litchfield Park, AZ, Aimee Osterhage of Reno, NV, Ashley Rogers of Sparks, NV; father, Eura Fay Rogers of Fordyce; two brothers, Jim Rogers of Clinton, Paul Rogers of Owensboro, KY; seven grandchildren and one great grandchild. Memorial services will be 2:00 pm Saturday, May 1, 2021 at First Baptist Church, West Oak Street, Carthage, AR 71725, with Rev. Will Wallace officiating. Arrangements by Benton Funeral of Home of Fordyce. To sign the online register visit www.bentonfuneralhome.net.
Gary Eugene Rogers, age 62 of Carthage died Thursday, April 22, 2021. He was born March 25, 1959 in Anaheim, CA. Gary worked both as a fireman and roofer while living in Southern California. Gary and his wife Jane relocated to Arkansas in... View Obituary & Service Information
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You could not make it up. Ultra-thin clothes horse Victoria Beckham has announced she is to ban size zero models from promoting her trendy denim fashion label.
In a bizarre twist, the size zero ex-Spice girl, who has been nicknamed 'Skeletal Spice' because of her twig-like frame, has declared she does not want women like herself, to model her denim range.
According to The Mirror, Posh has hired a voluptuous Brazilian beauty Daniella Sarahyba to represent her brand.
Daniella's website describes the 21-year-old as having 'a perfectly sculpted body with the curves and meat in all the right places'. Unlike Posh, who is famous for wearing jeans that could fit a seven-year old.
Victoria recently said: "I know quite a few models and they actually eat, they're just naturally thin girls."
A source said: "Victoria wants to give out a positive image that you don't have to be ultra skinny to look good.
"Many of the models on the catwalk make young girls feel insecure about their own bodies.
"Victoria doesn't want to be accused of giving young girls a complex about their image and putting pressure on them to be as skinny as her."
The size zero issue has sparked huge debate. Spain was the first country to ban size zero models on the catwalk. Recently, British Fashion Week refused to impose a similar ban.
But whether Posh will consider expanding her own tiny frame to add a bit of meat to her sinewy limbs, remains to be seen.
• What will Hermione say, Harry?
• She's not wearing Sienn-y skirt!


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Theatrical and DVD release
Award-winning feature documentary on Norman Foster.
The life of one of the world's most famous architects. Hong Kong and Beijing parts produced by Mandarin Film
How Much Does Your Buildi...
Recently premiered at Sundance, directed by Oscar-nomin...
Skyladder: The Art of Cai Guo-Qiang is a film that follows around Cai Guo-Qiang, a fascinating artist who uses fireworks to create drawings in the sky.
Skyladder: The Art of Cai...
Hollywood horror movie shot entirely in a studio in Bei...
Mandarin Film provided production support for this Hollywood feature thriller in a studio and on location in Beijing.
Game of Assassins
This feature documentary about the legacy of famed American urbanist philosopher Jane Jacobs travels to the world's biggest cities to investigate the future of urbanization.
The Future of Cities
©2021 Mandarin Film.
Web Design China
上游棋牌下载


Ontario is a city located in San Bernardino County, California, United States. As of the 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 170,373. It is the home of LA/Ontario International Airport and the Ontario Mills. It is also the former home of the Ontario Motor Speedway. Ontario is located at 34°3'10" North, 117°37'40" West (34.052811, -117.627861).
Islamic Clothing information can be obtained from the following Islamic shops, and mosques in Ontario and surrounding areas.
This entry was posted on Saturday, March 6th, 2010 at 11:43 am and is filed under Islamic Clothing USA.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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NGC 1503 (другие обозначения — ESO 83-13, IRAS03561-6611, PGC 14137) — линзовидная галактика в созвездии Сетка. Открыта Джоном Гершелем в 1834 году. Описание Дрейера: «очень тусклый, довольно маленький объект круглой формы, к северо-западу видна звезда 10-й величины».

Этот объект входит в число перечисленных в оригинальной редакции «Нового общего каталога».

Примечания

1503
Сетка (созвездие)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Liberian Ambassador to the Republic of Egypt, H.E. Edwin Faseyen Sele has lauded the leaderships of the Liberia Chamber of Commerce (LCC) and the Liberia Business Association (LIBA) for their recent role to form part of the just ended Intra-African Trade Fair 2018 held in Cairo, Egypt.
Ambassador Sele spoke recently at a local hotel in Monrovia when both presidents of the Liberia Chamber of Commerce (LCC) and the Liberia Business Association tendered a dinner in his honor to appreciate him for his support during their stay in Cairo for the Trade Fair.
Earlier at the request of the LCC leadership, the Egyptian embassy in Monrovia arranged a meeting with the chairperson of the Egypt Export bank with the Liberian Ambassador to Egypt, H.E. Sele accompany Mr. Addy, the President of the LCC. The meeting between both was productive.
He noted that Government does not necessarily there to develop the country; it is there to add as referee, it is the private sector that deal with economic growth, and further praised the Liberian delegation including the Liberia Chamber of Commerce and the Liberia Business Association in their efforts to promoting Liberia.
During the meeting with the Liberian delegation, Ambassador Sele was very impressed with the meeting held with Export bank, and further arranged a meeting with the Cairo Chamber of commerce between members of the Liberian delegation headed by the President and members Chamber of Commerce.
For his part, the President of the Liberia Chamber of Commerce (LCC), Mr. J. Wendell Addy expressed thanks and appreciation to Ambassador Sele for his support and collaboration during their stay in Cairo for the Trade Fair, noting that the purpose of this Intra-African Trade Fair is to have countries across Africa aimed exposing their services being offered by their respective countries.
Mr. Addy said the Intra-African Trade Fair is the first of its kind, where representatives from various countries exhibit publicly their home made products to other countries, and also became competitive when countries at this event promoted their products to others.
As a result of a fruitful visit by the Liberian delegation, a trade and investment delegates from Egypt is expected to arrive in Liberia in April of this year. According to Mr. Addy, Important side meetings were also held between the Liberian delegation and some funding institutions.
During the exhibition of made in Liberia in Cairo, the President of the Africa Import Export Bank and the Africa Union Commissioner for Industry were overwhelmed by visiting the Liberian booth during the trade fair where samples of rubber products were made available.
Speaking upon arrival in Liberia, the LCC President acknowledge contribution made by the government of Liberia for participating in the first Intra Africa Trade Fair, and extended Special thanks to the Ministers Finance, Commerce and the National Investment Commission (NIC).
"The work that they did for their participation at the Trade Fair is indeed commendable; currently effort is being applied to establish a resounding relationship between Liberia and Egypt, Liberia has so much to gain from Egypt. The Liberia Chamber of Commerce was well represented at this event doing all in its power to showcase made in Liberia products," Ambassador Sele told the GNN.
The LCC President also stressed the need for countries to begin to trade with one another across the continent, noting that "The benefit from this will provide employment opportunities and also help to reduce foreign exchange requirement; this effort is empowering our people, it is a good step for Africa," Mr. Addy said.
Speaking also was the President of the Liberia Business Association (LIBA), Mr. James M. Strother who poured praises on the Liberian Government for its support to the business community, and allowing them to travel to Cairo for the event, and further disclosed that as a result of their visit to Egypt, Egyptians business tycoons have resolved to come to Liberia with the first batch expected early April 2019.
Mr. Strother also used the occasion to expressed thanks and appreciation to the Liberian Ambassador to Egypt for being receptive during their stay in that country.
The Secretary General of the Liberia Business Association (LIBA), Madam Theresa M. Davies also lauded the Liberian envoy for being helpful to Liberian business executives who formed part of the trip to the Cairo Trade Fair.


Participation in promotional opportunities, sales contests, marketing and merchandising initiatives and all required sales meetings & trainings.
Continually gathers information on local competition and prevalent industry and business climate within the region; communicates information to management and others as needed.
Ensures that all required paperwork and forms are complete, accurate, and submitted on time.


@ENTICE-IL Welcomes you to our new home!
The Goal of entICE is to promote technology integration throughout west-central Illinois classrooms through professional learning, collaboration, and networking.
Membership in entICE is FREE for a limited time!
Visit bit.ly/joinICE for details, and choose "entICE" as your chapter preference!
Check back often for updates on PD Events & networking opportunities!


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IP Legal
Patent Offices
Will A Judge Slay Horror Writer's Claims This Friday the 13th?
Oct 13, 2017 | Blog, featured | 0 comments
The horror of a horror film's writer and his copyright rights. Right?
by: Patrick Anderson | Friday the 13th of October, 2017
In a dispute between Horror Inc.—owner of the Friday the 13th movie franchise—and Victor Miller—writer of the 1980 film that kicked off the franchise—the parties completed summary judgment briefing months ago, but Judge Stefan Underhill, of the District of Connecticut, has yet to side with either party or allow the question to go to a jury. Is Judge Underhill waiting for the paraskevidekatriaphobic date to slash Miller's hopes of reclaiming limited rights to the franchise? Or will Horror Inc. emerge, like a final girl, bloodied but victorious in its battle against an ally-turned-enemy?
Previously at IPWire, we discussed how authors can reclaim copyright ownership through a termination of transfer process provided by law. However, this right only applies to authors who originally own and subsequently assign or license their copyrights. Under a different section of the law, copyright ownership of a so-called "work made for hire" vests initially in the company that either hired the writer or commissioned the work. Thus, in the case of a "work made for hire," the termination provisions do not apply. In other words, authors who create works made for hire cannot "reclaim" rights because they never had any in the first place. In the case of Victor Miller and Horror Inc., the question becomes relatively straightforward: was Miller's original screenplay an independent work of authorship that was transferred, or was Miller an employee acting within the scope of his employment at the time he wrote the screenplay?
Horror Inc. claims that Miller was—and remains—a member of the Writers Guild of America (WGA) and wrote the screenplay while subject to a standard WGA employment contract. Miller, conversely, claims to be a freelance writer who wrote the first draft "on spec" prior to completing the work pursuant to a screenwriting agreement that failed to render the author an employee as that term is understood in the "work made for hire" context. Horror Inc.'s arguments focus largely on the labels in the agreement itself, which allegedly, and conspicuously, refer to Miller as an employee in multiple places. Conversely, Miller focuses on the lack of traditional employment characteristics, such as insurance, vacation and worker's compensation insurance. Additionally, Miller claims that he controlled his work schedule and was paid a discrete sum for completing specific work, rather than a salary. In a development that may prove fatal to Miller's claim, however, Horror Inc. points out that Miller failed to identify the "on spec" draft as a pre-existing work when signing the original employment agreement.
Assuming, for the moment, that Judge Underhill acts as a lightning rod of justice for Miller, reanimating the dead corpse of his copyright ownership, would Miller therefore gain ownership of the hockey-mask wielding uber-killer that tormented Tommy Jarvis, battled the psycho-kinetic Tina, and ultimately "took" Manhattan? Likely not. Despite writing the original screenplay, subsequent Friday the 13th films credit Miller only with creation of characters. Diehard fans of the franchise know that the character of Jason Voorhees changed dramatically throughout the series and enjoyed relatively little screen-time in Miller's original film. Instead, the plot of Friday the 13th Part 1 follows <spoiler alert> Jason's mother, Pamela Voorhees, as she exacts revenge on Camp Crystal Lake staffers after Jason drowns in the lake. Jason only appears briefly, as a young child, in Part 1, and only takes over as the primary antagonist in Part 2. The iconic hockey mask did not appear until midway through Part 3 when Jason murders the prankster character Shelley, who had previously used the mask in an attempt to scare his friends and fellow campers. Miller apparently played no role in these developments that clearly stand separate and apart from the Jason character that appeared in Miller's work.
At best, therefore, a Miller victory paves the way for his own re-creation of the original film and any sequels that take a direction distinct from the existing franchise. Meanwhile, Horror Inc. remains entitled to exploit any derivative works created prior to Miller's termination, which includes the later, more well-known version of Jason Voorhees that would remain off-limits to Miller. Fans of the character and the series, meanwhile, will be kept waiting until a decision is reached as the producers are unlikely to invest in developing additional films while their rights are being questioned.
Are We Paying Attention Yet? China Offering Stronger Patent Protection Than US
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