text:
title: "Go"
date: 2018-08-05T14:52:17-07:00
draft: false
weight: 1
aliases: [/grpc/go]
logo: /images/go-grpc-opencensus.png
---

- [Overview](#overview)
- [Requirements](#requirements)
- [Installation](#installation)
    - [Installing gRPC for Go](#installing-grpc-for-go)
    - [Installing Protocol Buffers v3](#installing-protocol-buffers-v3)
    - [Installing the protoc plugin for Go](#installing-the-protoc-plugin-for-go)
- [Creating our gRPC Service](#creating-our-grpc-service)
    - [Import Packages](#import-packages)
    - [Protobuf definition](#protobuf-definition)
    - [Generate the service](#generate-the-service)
    - [Service implementation](#service-implementation)
    - [Client implementation](#client-implementation)
- [Instrumentation](#instrumentation)
    - [Instrumenting the server](#instrumenting-the-server)
    - [Instrumenting the client](#instrumenting-the-client)
- [Examining traces](#examining-traces)
- [Examining metrics](#examining-metrics)

## Overview
Our service takes in a payload containing bytes and capitalizes them.

Using OpenCensus, we can collect traces and metrics of our system and export them to the backend
of our choice, to give observability to our distributed systems.

The `grpc-go` implementation has already been instrumented with OpenCensus for tracing and metrics.
To enable tracing and monitoring, we'll import and use the OpenCensus gRPC plugin

{{% notice tip %}}
Before beginning, if you haven't already:

* Setup gRPC for Go by visiting this quickstart page [https://grpc.io/docs/quickstart/go.html](https://grpc.io/docs/quickstart/go.html)
* Setup [Stackdriver Tracing and Monitoring](/codelabs/stackdriver/)
{{% / notice %}}

## Requirements
Go for use with gRPC and OpenCensus is best with any version >= 1.8.

Just in case you haven't installed Go, please visit [Installing Go](https://golang.org/doc/install/)

## Installation

### Installing gRPC for Go
Please run this command
```shell
go get -u google.golang.org/grpc
```

### Installing Protocol Buffers v3
You'll need to install the protoc compiler to generate gRPC service code.

As per [gRPC docs for Go](https://grpc.io/docs/quickstart/go.html#install-protocol-buffers-v3)

Please visit https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases for protoc binaries and select the version for your operating system.

### Installing the protoc plugin for Go
Please run this command
```shell
go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
```

## Creating our gRPC Service
Let's implement the project, let's create a directory under our `$GOPATH`

```shell
cd $GOPATH/src && mkdir -p oc.tutorials/ocgrpc && cd oc.tutorials/ocgrpc
```

and for quick reference the working directory that you'll be using is `$GOPATH/src/oc.tutorials.ocgrpc`

### Import Packages
To enable tracing, we'll use the following:

Package|Import path
---|---
ocgrpc|[go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc](https://godoc.org/go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc)
trace|[go.opencensus.io/trace](https://godoc.org/go.opencensus.io/trace)

and then to enable metrics, we'll use the following:

Handler|Godoc
---|---
Server handler|[go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc.ServerHandler](https://godoc.org/go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc#ServerHandler)
Client handler|[go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc.ClientHandler](https://godoc.org/go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc#ServerHandler)
Server gRPC metrics/views|[https://godoc.org/go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc#DefaultServerViews](https://godoc.org/go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc#DefaultServerViews)
Client gRPC metrics/views|[https://godoc.org/go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc#DefaultClientViews](https://godoc.org/go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc#DefaultClientViews)

### Protobuf definition
Make a directory called `rpc`
```shell
mkdir -p rpc
```

and inside it paste this protobuf definition

{{<highlight proto>}}
syntax = "proto3";

package rpc;

message Payload {
    int32 id    = 1;
    bytes data  = 2;
}

service Fetch {
    rpc Capitalize(Payload) returns (Payload) {}
}
{{</highlight>}}

### Generate the service
```shell
protoc -I rpc rpc/defs.proto --go_out=plugins=grpc:rpc
```

which should now generate the following directory structure

```shell
ls -R
rpc

./rpc:
defs.pb.go	defs.proto
```

### Service implementation
In order to use the gRPC service, we need to implement the server.

Create a file called `server.go` containing this code

{{<highlight go>}}
package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"log"
	"net"

	"google.golang.org/grpc"

	"oc.tutorials/ocgrpc/rpc"
)

type fetchIt int

// Compile time assertion that fetchIt implements FetchServer.
var _ rpc.FetchServer = (*fetchIt)(nil)

func (fi *fetchIt) Capitalize(ctx context.Context, in *rpc.Payload) (*rpc.Payload, error) {
	out := &rpc.Payload{
		Data: bytes.ToUpper(in.Data),
	}
	return out, nil
}

func main() {
	addr := ":9988"
	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("gRPC server: failed to listen: %v", err)
	}
	srv := grpc.NewServer()
	rpc.RegisterFetchServer(srv, new(fetchIt))
	log.Printf("fetchIt gRPC server serving at %q", addr)
	if err := srv.Serve(ln); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("gRPC server: error serving: %v", err)
	}
}
{{</highlight>}}

which you can run by

```shell
go run server.go
```

### Client implementation

The client talks to the server via a gRPC channel, sending in bytes and getting back the output capitalized.

The contents of `client.go` are as below:

{{<highlight go>}}
package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"

	"google.golang.org/grpc"

	"oc.tutorials/ocgrpc/rpc"
)

func main() {
	serverAddr := ":9988"
	cc, err := grpc.Dial(serverAddr, grpc.WithInsecure())
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("fetchIt gRPC client failed to dial to server: %v", err)
	}
	fc := rpc.NewFetchClient(cc)

	fIn := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	for {
		fmt.Print("> ")
		line, _, err := fIn.ReadLine()
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Failed to read a line in: %v", err)
			return
		}

		ctx := context.Background()
		out, err := fc.Capitalize(ctx, &rpc.Payload{Data: line})
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("fetchIt gRPC client got error from server: %v", err)
			continue
		}
		fmt.Printf("< %s\n\n", out.Data)
	}
}
{{</highlight>}}

and in another terminal, please run

```shell
go run client.go
```
and from typing you should be able to get back a response such as

![](/images/ocgrpc-client.png)

## Instrumentation

To gain insights to our service, we'll add trace and metrics instrumentation as follows

### Instrumenting the server

We'll instrument the server by tracing as well as extracting gRPC metrics using the `ServerHandler`
which will be registered as a grpc StatsHandler.

{{<tabs Traces Metrics Combined>}}
{{<highlight go>}}
import "go.opencensus.io/trace"

func (fi *fetchIt) Capitalize(ctx context.Context, in *rpc.Payload) (*rpc.Payload, error) {
	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "oc.tutorials.grpc.Capitalize")
	defer span.End()

	out := &rpc.Payload{
		Data: bytes.ToUpper(in.Data),
	}
	return out, nil
}

func main () {
	srv := grpc.NewServer(grpc.StatsHandler(&ocgrpc.ServerHandler{}))
}
{{</highlight>}}

{{<highlight go>}}
import (
	"go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc"
	"go.opencensus.io/stats/view"
)

func main() {
	if err := view.Register(ocgrpc.DefaultServerViews...); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to register ocgrpc server views: %v", err)
	}
	srv := grpc.NewServer(grpc.StatsHandler(&ocgrpc.ServerHandler{}))
}
{{</highlight>}}

{{<highlight go>}}
package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"log"
	"net"

	"go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc"
	"go.opencensus.io/stats/view"
	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"

	"oc.tutorials/ocgrpc/rpc"

	// The exporter to extract our metrics and traces
	"contrib.go.opencensus.io/exporter/stackdriver"
)

type fetchIt int

// Compile time assertion that fetchIt implements FetchServer.
var _ rpc.FetchServer = (*fetchIt)(nil)

func (fi *fetchIt) Capitalize(ctx context.Context, in *rpc.Payload) (*rpc.Payload, error) {
	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "oc.tutorials.grpc.Capitalize")
	defer span.End()

	out := &rpc.Payload{
		Data: bytes.ToUpper(in.Data),
	}
	return out, nil
}

func main() {
	if err := view.Register(ocgrpc.DefaultServerViews...); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to register ocgrpc server views: %v", err)
	}

	// Create and register the exporter
	sd, err := stackdriver.NewExporter(stackdriver.Options{
		ProjectID:    "census-demos", // Insert your projectID here
		MetricPrefix: "ocgrpctutorial",
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to create Stackdriver exporter: %v", err)
	}
	defer sd.Flush()
	trace.RegisterExporter(sd)
	sd.StartMetricsExporter()
	defer sd.StopMetricsExporter()
	// For demo purposes let's always sample
	trace.ApplyConfig(trace.Config{DefaultSampler: trace.AlwaysSample()})

	addr := ":9988"
	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("gRPC server: failed to listen: %v", err)
	}
	srv := grpc.NewServer(grpc.StatsHandler(&ocgrpc.ServerHandler{}))
	rpc.RegisterFetchServer(srv, new(fetchIt))
	log.Printf("fetchIt gRPC server serving at %q", addr)
	if err := srv.Serve(ln); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("gRPC server: error serving: %v", err)
	}
}
{{</highlight>}}
{{</tabs>}}

### Instrumenting the client

We'll instrument the client by tracing as well as extracting gRPC metrics using the `ClientHandler`
which will be registered as a grpc StatsHandler.

{{<tabs Traces Metrics Combined>}}
{{<highlight go>}}
import "go.opencensus.io/trace"

func main() {
		cc, err := grpc.Dial(serverAddr, grpc.WithInsecure(), grpc.WithStatsHandler(new(ocgrpc.ClientHandler)))

		ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(context.Background(), "oc.tutorials.grpc.ClientCapitalize")
		out, err := fc.Capitalize(ctx, &rpc.Payload{Data: line})
		if err != nil {
			span.SetStatus(trace.Status{Code: trace.StatusCodeInternal, Message: err.Error()})
			log.Printf("fetchIt gRPC client got error from server: %v", err)
		} else {
			fmt.Printf("< %s\n\n", out.Data)
		}
		span.End()
}
{{</highlight>}}

{{<highlight go>}}
import (
	"go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc"
	"go.opencensus.io/stats/view"
	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
)

func main() {
	if err := view.Register(ocgrpc.DefaultClientViews...); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to register ocgrpc client views: %v", err)
	}
	cc, err := grpc.Dial(serverAddr, grpc.WithInsecure(), grpc.WithStatsHandler(new(ocgrpc.ClientHandler)))
}
{{</highlight>}}

{{<highlight go>}}
package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"

	"go.opencensus.io/plugin/ocgrpc"
	"go.opencensus.io/stats/view"
	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"

	"oc.tutorials/ocgrpc/rpc"

	// The exporter to extract our metrics and traces
	"contrib.go.opencensus.io/exporter/stackdriver"
)

func main() {
	if err := view.Register(ocgrpc.DefaultClientViews...); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to register ocgrpc client views: %v", err)
	}

	// Create and register the exporter
	sd, err := stackdriver.NewExporter(stackdriver.Options{
		ProjectID:    "census-demos", // Insert your projectID here
		MetricPrefix: "ocgrpctutorial",
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to create Stackdriver exporter: %v", err)
	}
	defer sd.Flush()
	trace.RegisterExporter(sd)
	sd.StartMetricsExporter()
	defer sd.StopMetricsExporter()
	// For demo purposes let's always sample
	trace.ApplyConfig(trace.Config{DefaultSampler: trace.AlwaysSample()})

	serverAddr := ":9988"
	cc, err := grpc.Dial(serverAddr, grpc.WithInsecure(), grpc.WithStatsHandler(new(ocgrpc.ClientHandler)))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("fetchIt gRPC client failed to dial to server: %v", err)
	}
	fc := rpc.NewFetchClient(cc)

	fIn := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	for {
		fmt.Print("> ")
		line, _, err := fIn.ReadLine()
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Failed to read a line in: %v", err)
			return
		}

		ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(context.Background(), "oc.tutorials.grpc.ClientCapitalize")
		out, err := fc.Capitalize(ctx, &rpc.Payload{Data: line})
		if err != nil {
			span.SetStatus(trace.Status{Code: trace.StatusCodeInternal, Message: err.Error()})
			log.Printf("fetchIt gRPC client got error from server: %v", err)
		} else {
			fmt.Printf("< %s\n\n", out.Data)
		}
		span.End()
	}
}
{{</highlight>}}
{{</tabs>}}

## Examining traces
Please visit [https://console.cloud.google.com/traces/traces](https://console.cloud.google.com/traces/traces)

which will give visuals such as:

![Trace list](/images/ocgrpc-tutorial-overall-traces.png)

![Single trace details](/images/ocgrpc-tutorial-trace-details.png)

## Examining metrics
Please visit [https://console.cloud.google.com/monitoring](https://console.cloud.google.com/monitoring)

which will give visuals such as:

* Available metrics
![](/images/ocgrpc-tutorial-available-metrics.png)

* Client latency
![](/images/ocgrpc-tutorial-client-latency.png)

* Server completed RPCs
![](/images/ocgrpc-tutorial-server-completed-rpcs.png)


1. Start with freshly cleansed and toned skin.
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4. Apply to your face and neck using an upwards circular motion until fully absorbed, taking care around the delicate eye area.
5. For results you'll love, use after Frankincense Intense™ Lift Serum.


Junior Windows Server Admin – IT contract position that will work in the Infrastructure group.
Basic Windows server management (file shares, permissions etc.).
Familiar with Change Control management.
Basic scripting experience (Powershell) would be a plus (but not a requirement).


text:
chock-full, eyes-peeled, independent
achuka
Philip Ardagh
Kevin Brooks
Robert Cormier
Cormier & Burgess
Anne Fine
Sonya Hartnett
Michelle Harrison
Tanuja Desai Hidier
Anant Pai
Mal Peet
Nick Ward
You started out as a poet. When were your collections of poetry published? How would you characterise their style? Do you still write poetry?
The Taurus Press books were published around 1969/70, and my style was, I would say, quite tight and precise, very observational and quite epigrammatic. But that's just my opinion. And no, I don't write poetry any more; my Muse seems to have changed somewhat, moved on to a different style of expression.
Your backlist since then, as anyone who searches your name on abebooks.com will discover, is surprisingly extensive. For a while you concentrated on designing and producing children's books by other people, but when you decided to become a fulltime freelance author yourself there was a mighty outpouring of science fiction, factual miscellanies and picture books. Did you have any sense of your own direction as a writer in those days or were you simply responding to commissions.
When I started writing it was as a comic strip script writer, and that's what gave me direction, I suppose; it was meeting David Fickling, who said "I want you to write that kind of stuff for me!" that brought me into books, and my first novels were very much comic book ideas fleshed out. It's why my style has always been very dialogue-driven - that's how I learnt to write.
Latterly you have committed yourself to the role of Young Adult author. To what extent is this due to a conscious direction taken by you as author, or to your relationship with your present publisher, Bloomsbury. Or is it something to do with the market which, in your role as reporter for Publishing News, you have such an up-to-the-minute handle on.
Before I took a bit of a sabbatical from writing books I'd pitched a few ideas, including 'Radio Radio', though not as a script-novel, to various publishers - including Sarah Odedina - though to no great effect. Some 18 months later Sarah asked me what I'd done with "that idea, the one about the radio station", and I was off again. It had to be YA to make it work, and "How it Works" was born out of it as a natural progression. I'd love to be able to say I'd picked up stuff on my industry radar, but I'd be lying.
The three Young Adult titles published by Bloomsbury - Radio, Radio; How It Works; and now Zoo - collectively represent a fine but varied achievement in teenage fiction. You were moved to write the screenplay Radio, Radio after your own sons became involved in pirate radio. The main character in How It Works is studying art, and that ties in with your own background in art & design. But the genesis of Zoo, a crime novel set in America is harder to fathom. So - tell us how it got started.
The truth is, "ZOO" was set in the US because the US was stubbornly refusing to buy my stuff, and I'd been told it was because I was "too London". I wanted to see if what I'd been told was true, and the fact that "ZOO" is publishing in the States in July means it must be. I do, though, have a great love of America, and the West Coast in particular, which I know well, so it wasn't quite as cynical a plan as it might at first seem - also, I've always loved crime fiction, and was mildly ticked off that Kevin Brookes published the first noir YA novel before I did!
The strength of the book lies partly in its sense of place. I have never been to any of the places described, but your evocation of them carries complete authority. Is this the result of location research - you hint as much in the acknowledgements.
I did go on a US research trip - specifically to places I'd never
visited - but I have been going to LA and the surrounding area for the last 20 or so years.
The other main strength of the book is in the dialogue. The action is driven by the dialogue, and as a reader I love that in a book. If you had to give a masterclass in the art of narrative by dialogue what would be the main tips you would pass on?
I learnt a lot from comics and movies - there are some great writers working in those genres - and also I learnt a lot from reading Elmore Leonard. What scripts taught me was the architecture of dialogue, and from Elmore I learnt to listen. People do not speak the way most writers have them saying words in books. If I was giving a masterclass, my main tip would be to listen all the time, then re-run conversations in your head. Then
listen to your own characters talking, and write that down.
What scene in the book gave you the most trouble and why?
There is a scene, about a third of the way through the book, where Art Kellaway Jnr. shoots Cam. It's where the story turns from being about a kidnapping to something else entirely and it was completely pivotal. The US editor wanted to cut THE WHOLE SCENE! I had to fight that one tooth and nail.
You use very precise time-checking as section-headers. Apart from the connection with TV dramas like the X-Files and 24, is this intended to help the reader in any other way?
The timing's were actually part of my development process, there to make sure I got my timelines straight and that everything worked. I kept them in because they added tension.
Back on the subject of location research. I believe you recently went to Tokyo. Was that in preparation for Bloomsbury/YA novel #4, and if so can you tell us anything about it?
I did go to Tokyo last May for my next YA novel - now completed and in first edit stage. I wanted to take a teen character out of his comfort zone - away from family, friend, networks, language, everything he relied on and that allowed him to be who he is - and see what happened. To do that I had to get him somewhere very foreign and Tokyo fitted the bill perfectly. Adam goes there because his sister, on a gap year trip, has been working with a friend in a hostess bar and has gone missing. In my character's head no one is doing anything to find her, so 'logic' dictates he should do something himself and he steals one of his father's credit cards, buyshimself a ticket and goes.
You have been given an increasing amount of space in Publishing News, which is great for children's books news and publicity, but must make it tougher than ever to set time aside for your own writing. Do you have strict times in the day/week that are ring-fenced for your own work?
My time is very proscribed and while I try to be as disciplined as
possible, life doesn't often let you run things on rails and I always seem to have too many things on the go at the same time. Mainly I grab writing time when it comes up.
Does that mean you're not fussy about where you write? How do you do your best work? Silent room, closed door? On the move, in a notebook? Do you have any distinctive writing rituals?
I usually work upstairs in a loft room, door open, cat wandering about; sometimes I have music playing, I always write directly onto the computer. I only ever use a notebook when I'm planning a project. The only ritual I have is that, if I get stuck, I go for a walk and take the problem with me; I've nearly always unraveled whatever knot it was by the time I get home.
Your website www.marksworks.co.uk has not been updated for a while? Why's that?
For reasons explained a couple of questions ago. The job is in hand, but not done quite yet...
© 2005 ACHUKA
Editor: Michael Thorn
Contact: 07803605045 or email
©ACHUKA 1997-2012

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
What's up with Benghazi?
This has nothing to do with economics, but I was curious enough to write a post on it. And of course, there's a bit of moral hazard since the more I say Benghazi, the more google web hits I will get. I will attempt to lay this out as apolitically as possible.
Lets start with a fact. Deadly attacks on US consulates and embassies are relatively common. Since 1971, we've averaged at least 9.4 deaths per year in attacks on US Embassies and Consulates. Now, I certainly think that each and every attack warrants a thorough investigation, but that doesn't necessarily mean a congressional investigation--the main responsibility for investigating these attacks falls on the intelligence agencies and the State Department, who seek to find out who carried out the attack and why and then report to the White House, which makes decisions about retaliation and additional security measures. Of course, it is congress's prerogative to get involved if they feel that these agencies are mismanaging the investigations.
That's where I get lost in the whole public controversy about Benghazi--the "scandal" doesn't seem to be about whether the state department and intelligence agencies bungled the investigation, or whether the White House made the wrong call on security measures, but rather about some alleged cover-up wherein the White House deliberately lied to the public by saying it was a spontaneous protest, when they supposedly already knew it was a planned attack by organized terrorist groups.
First off, what does it say about American politics when, in the absence of any evidence one way or another, we automatically assume that the administration was malevolently misleading the public, rather than simply misinformed about the nature of the attack? As it turns out, the administration was actually just misinformed, as the congressional investigation has turned up memos from the CIA informing the White House that the attack was a spontaneous protest mob rather than an organized terrorist attack. From the CIA memo:
"The currently available information suggests that the demonstrations in Benghazi were spontaneously inspired by the protests at the U.S. Embassy in Cairo"
Given that the attacks occurred amid a wave of spontaneous protests in Egypt and Yemen that involved violent attacks on US diplomatic missions, the initial CIA assessment sounds reasonable to me, even if it turned out to be incorrect. The question is, did repeating the erroneous CIA assessment to the public cause any harm? It's hard to see how it could have--the attacks were already over at that point. As new information about the attacks, the working hypothesis was revised and, as far as I can tell, the press was informed promptly.
But suppose that the conspiracy theorists were right--the White House somehow knew immediately that the attacks were planned and executed by known terrorist organizations, but the White House decided to tell the press instead that it was a spontaneous mob attack. The obvious explanation, at least to my mind, for such misdirection would be that the White House was attempting to protect some intelligence source. This actually happens all the time--for example, even with the Soviet Union gone for more than a decade, the CIA and White House still maintain cover stories about known Soviet spies and plots, because when you infiltrate an enemy or break one of their codes, you never, never let anyone know until you absolutely have to, even if the original enemies are long gone. My point is this: even if it had turned out that the administration deliberately lied, it takes a degree of paranoia to automatically assume that the reason was solely malicious--as if the president hates America, or something--rather based on a genuine need for secrecy.
And even if it turned out that the White House lied for no good reason, I just don't see how it can be the watergate-type scandal the right wing thinks it is. Sure, it would be a scandal, in the same way that Bush's WMDs-in-Iraq lie was a scandal, or Clinton's "I did not have sexual relations with that woman" lie was a scandal. But Watergate? Resignation? No way.
At any rate, it is pretty clear that the scandal narrative that the right wing has been painting just isn't true. Not that I'm saying the republicans lied about it, they just didn't have the right information at the time. See what I did there?


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The efforts of the Department of Energy (DOE) are aimed at ensuring that technologies are available to reduce petroleum-energy consumption by automobiles for the near term, and at eliminating their dependence of this diminishing energy resource while maintaining current mobility levels in the longer term. DOE's near-term work has included the development and testing of a continuously variable transmission with a 25% improvement in fuel economy, and the development and testing of a fuel vapor injector/igniter which stratifies the fuel charge and may replace the conventional spark plug. DOE's largest efforts are focused on new technologies for new vehicles, and its program is divided into 3 major areas of activity: heat engines, vehicle systems, and alternative fuels. Heat-engine work emphasizes hardware development of 2 types of engine: the gas turbine and the stirling cycle. Vehicle-systems work covers hardware development of important vehicle components such as transmissions, waste-heat-recovery systems, etc. Alternative-fuels projects center on developing technologies needed to ascertain and solve the problems associated with the use of new fuels by highway vehicles.


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Gunstar Heroes – Treasure's Debut Gem
As someone who grew up loving the many side-scrolling shoot em' ups released for the Super Nintendo and Sega Genesis during the golden age of games in the 90's, Gunstar Heroes may be my absolute favorite. Some of my fondest memories as a kid were playing this on my Genesis and I still dust off my old cartridge and play it from time to time.
Gunstar Heroes was released in September 1993 for the Sega Genesis and was very well received by all the gaming magazines of the time(remember gaming magazines? 😁). The gameplay is similar to the side scrolling shooters popular at the time, like the Contra or Metal Slug games. You play as either Red or Blue, two siblings in the Gunstar family that has taken up fighting the evil Colonel Red (who does NOT wear red) has set out to acquire four gemstones to resurrect a powerful android – Golden Silver and control the galaxy…you know…the usual stuff.
When you choose your character you also select which fire mode you want to use – Free or Fixed. Free fire mode is what I have always preferred as you can run and gun through the levels rather than Fixed fire mode where you have to remain stationary to fire your weapon. You also choose one of four weapon types – Force, Flame, Chaser, or Lightning. Force is the closest to a typical machine gun with a faster fire rate(think Contra). Flame is a short-range but powerful flamethrower-type weapon. Chaser fires homing ammunition( F.Y.I – essentially the SAME as the Seeker fire mode you can use in Cuphead I was pleased to discover). Finally, the Lightning weapon fires laser beams that can shoot through enemies and barriers. One of my favorite aspects of Gunstar Heroes was the ability to combine weapon types; you can combine two of the same type of ammo the make a bigger more powerful version of the weapon such as two Flame types will create an even larger flamethrower or two Lightning types combined together create a steady short-range "blade" which looks conspicuously like a Lightsaber. My favorite pairing however, was the Force and Chaser types combined for a devastating homing machine gun effect which can be a HUGE advantage, as in typical shoot em' up fashion the action on screen gets pretty chaotic( doubly so playing co-op).
Black's Dice Palace forces you to roll a die to make your way through the level
Each of the first four levels can be played in any order and has a different boss fight at the end. You can pick from fighting your way through a jungle area( again…similar to Contra) and fight the boss, Pink to taking on Orange(who ironically is wearing GREEN military fatigues) and pursuing him on his flying base in an interesting level that begins climbing to the top of a tower chasing Orange as the screen scrolls vertically ending with a battle with Orange on the wing of a helicopter. You can also choose from playing your way through what is essentially a "board game" level as you have to roll the dice to advance to the corresponding spaces until you make your way to the end where you battle the boss, Black in what still remains one of the more unique AND at times, frustrating levels in a video game as a kid. (Another side note: this is just about note for note the SAME idea at the end of Cuphead playing your way to the DiceMaster at the end of the level…hmmm) Lastly, is probably my favorite level of the game in taking on Green( noticing a particular trend with everyone's name?) – another member of the Gunstar family whose mind has been under the control and has been aiding the Emperor. The level takes place in an underground mining tunnel in which you ride in a small mine cart that can travel on either top or bottom path on screen while fighting waves of enemies before confronting Green who pilots the mech – Seven Force( think Tony Stark with Transformers). This is the most memorable boss battle of the game. Green can shift Seven Force into any one of…you guessed it…SEVEN different "Forces" – Soldier, Tiger, Blaster, Tail, Urchin, Eagle, or Crab. Once you defeat one of the first four stage bosses, you receive another one of the four gemstones. The next level finds you fighting your way through wave after wave…after wave of enemies to confront Colonel Red and rescue your sister Yellow, who has been kidnapped. This is pretty easily the most explosions I had seen on screen playing a video game to that time, possibly to this day, that's how frantic the action gets during the game. The frame rate during this level gets slowed down to almost a crawl if playing co-op. After making your way through what seems like an endless amount of enemies before confronting Colonel Red who holds Yellow hostage, forcing you to hand over the gemstones before you battle the colonel's right-hand man – Smash Daisaku who is dressed EXACTLY like M. Bison from the Street Fighter games and appears several times throughout the prior levels. After Smash Daisaku is defeated, the Gunstars chase Colonel Red who has set out to land his flying fortress on a small moon where Golden Silver is imprisoned. The next level takes place in space and has you piloting a small ship to shoot your way through the fortress' defenses and stop the colonel. The setting of this level is from a top-down camera angle and plays similar to Xevious or the R-Type games and includes once again, a battle with Green and Seven Force in open space. The proceeding and final level of the game you catch up with Colonel Red, but not before he resurrects Golden Silver to be promptly destroyed by the android and initiates a battle between the Gunstars and Golden Silver before ultimately being destroyed.
Battling the brainwashed Green and Seven Force in the underground mine level
Gunstar Heroes was released as developer Treasure's debut effort in 1993. Treasure was founded by devs working at Konami that had grown restless with Konami's insistence on releasing sequel after sequel for their biggest IPs like the Castlevania, Contra, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles games and wanted to focus their efforts on making a more original title. Treasure was formed in 1992 and decided they wanted to utilize the Sega Genesis' powerful( at the time) Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Treasure showed an incredible amount of imagination and absurd humor in Gunstar Heroes, and also in later releases like Sin and Punishment, Ikaruga, and Dynamite Headdy( another Genesis game I loved as a kid).
The boss battle against Orange takes place on the wings of an aircraft
There was a sequel to Gunstar Heroes release on the Game Boy Advance in 2005 titled – Gunstar Super Heroes that received critical praise. I very regretfully, never picked up a copy for the GBA and now is a bit of a rarity for the handheld console. As for the original, I absolutely LOVE this game and have recommended it endlessly to anyone who would listen since I received it as a birthday present not knowing the incredible game I was about to play. I still feel that while the game received numerous accolades from gaming media it still is not as well known as games like Contra or Metal Slug, which is an astounding shame. The game has since seen a port for the Sega Game Gear as well as being released as part of the Sega Genesis Classics compilations. The Sega Forever version was also released in 2017 to play on mobile devices.
That does it for this week! Has anyone else out there played Gunstar Heroes or any other Treasure games? What are some games that you absolutely LOVE and feel are criminally unknown to the majority of gamers?
Keep on playing…
I write about video games...that's pretty much it	View all posts by Nathan
Author NathanPosted on May 25, 2019 September 24, 2019 Categories GamesTags Game Boy Advance, Gunstar Heroes, Sega Genesis, Treasure, Video games
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Mummification Text
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Term 6 Home Learning Planning
Year 5- Term 6- Week 7 (10/07/2020)- Home Learning
Home Olympics Challenge 2020 (Sports Day!)
Friday Daily Topic Task 12/06/2020
Please have a look back through our #BlackLivesMatter topic tasks and complete any tasks you've not had a go at yet.
Then, please complete this short poll for Alfie!
https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/8FBD9YW
Thursday Daily Topic Task 11/06/2020
We have been looking at the #BlackLivesMatter movement for a couple of weeks now and a lot of information has been thrown your way.
Today, I'd like you to take some time to reflect on everything we've looked at for the past couple of weeks by watching Newsround's special report on racism.
Hopefully it will help you gather your thoughts on everything we've been discussing.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/52978346
Wednesday Daily Topic Task 10/06/2020
Today, please watch the video below- 'Celebrity Supply Teacher', Dr. Martin Luther King by Martin Bashir.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m000k6hc/celebrity-supply-teacher-series-1-2-martin-bashir-history
After watching the video, please have a go at filling in the below sheet...
Answers attached in separate document underneath!
Martin Luther King Answers
Listen to the video below and answer the questions.
'Harriet Tubman', taken from 'Goodnight Stories for Rebel Girls' by Elena Favilli and Francesca Cavallo.
1. Why do you think Harriet wanted the slave to escape?
2. What hit Harriet on the head?
3. How many enslaved people did Harriet free?
4. Would you describe Harriet as 'brave'? Why?
5. Choose three other powerful adjectives to describe Harriet Tubman
During the American Civil War, Harriet Tubman worked as a cook, a nurse, and even a spy. She is also considered to be the first African-American woman to serve in the military.
Create an acrostic poem, using each letter in Harriet's name to describe her or give a fact about her life. Decorate when you've finished!
H Her bravery freed hundreds of slaves
A African-American
R Resilient- she didn't stop fighting for freedom
R Racism was something she fought to change
I Inspirational for many reasons
E Everyone should hear about the amazing things she did
T Tenacious, tremendous and totally courageous
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFH8QshWtww&list=PL7bv5sn4V_-il09Rf-aAHawMF0OS-GANd&index=30
Monday Daily Topic Task 08/06/2020
Please have another look at the picture below...
Some people see the 'Black Lives Matter' movement and reply by saying that surely 'All Lives Matter?' Have a look at the comic strips below and see why it can be problematic to say 'All Lives Matter' as a response to this movement...
As you can see illustrated in the cartoon strips above, responding to the Black Lives Matter movement by saying "All Lives Matter" is problematic. Of course all lives matter- that goes without saying and was never in doubt.
However, the 'Black Lives Matter' movement wasn't created to exclude, but to bring attention to the racism and violence that black people are currently facing (and have always faced historically.) The recent events happening in America (and indeed throughout the world) show that, unfortunately, black people are still not treated with equality and therefore this movement aims to bring attention to this.
We cannot say that 'All Lives Matter' until it is proven that black lives matter, because at the moment, the racism and violence suggests that they don't matter as much as others.
1. Which cartoon strip did you prefer and why?
2. Which cartoon strip do you think best got the message across?
3. What does 'problematic' mean?
4. Why is is problematic to say 'All Lives Matter'?
5. See if you can explain why saying 'All Lives Matter' is problematic to a friend or someone in your family.
If you were unsure what any of the words in the comic strip meant, please use a dictionary! Here are a few you might not have seen before...
'expendable' = of little significance/importance and can therefore be destroyed
'hypocrite' = a person who pretends to have certain beliefs, attitudes or feelings when they really do not, e.g. if I told you I care about the environment, but then threw some litter on the floor.
Today, I'd like you to read the following article published by Newsround:
Star Wars' John Boyega joins protest in London
If you're struggling to read through this, I have also posted an audio clip of me reading through it below.
Please answer the following questions:
1. Who is John Boyega?
2. How many people have been peacefully protesting in London?
3. What do you think it means to 'peacefully protest?'
4. What do you think is the most important point that John Boyega makes in his speech?
5. What is a 'gesture?' (Use a dictionary if you're not sure!)
6. What gesture have people across the UK been doing to protest against racism?
7. Why do you think protesters may have struggled to stay 2m apart?
8. Name some key workers who joined the peaceful protests.
9. What does the nurses' sign say?
10. Why do you think it is important that police officers are supporting the Black Lives Matter movement? (Think about what the aim of the BLM Movement is!)
If you're struggling to read through the article, I've read through it here for you. Please start the clip then follow along with the article linked above.
Today, please watch and listen to the story below- 'Something Happened In Our Town' by Marianne Celano, Marietta Collins and Ann Hazzard.
After you've watched it please have a think about the following things. You can write them down if you wish.
1. What does 'relevant' mean? (Please use a dictionary if you're not sure!)
2. Why is this story relevant at the moment?
3. Do you think Emma is mean for asking her parents so many questions? Please explain your answer.
4. Why is Josh's Dad angry?
5. Who are some of the "strong and brave black leaders" that Josh's Mum mentions?
6. How would you treat Omad if he joined our Y5 class?
7. Do you have any questions you'd like to ask about the story or racism?
Today, we're going to look more closely at the #BlackLivesMatter movement itself. Please read the text below then have a go at the activity...
As you saw in Monday's video and from what you know from discussions we've had in class, unfortunately, society is not yet equal and black people continue to face racism in America, the UK and throughout the world. It is because of this unfairness that the Black Lives Matter (BLM for short) group was started.
BLM is an activist group (meaning they campaign for change.) They originated in the African-American community and are against violence and racism toward black people.
The movement began in 2013 with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media. They became famous for their street demonstrations (which are when a big group of people come together, often with posters to show their support for things.)
These street demonstrations aim to raise awareness of the ongoing racism and to change it.
Below are some images of people supporting the BLM movement...
For today's task I'd like you to either...
-Create a 'Black Lives Matter' poster. The more colourful, the better!
-Tell someone else about the #BlackLivesMatter movement- this could be a family member or a friend.
As always, please feel free to send pictures to Year5@chalgrove.oxon.sch.uk
Today, please watch the video below- 'A Kids Book About Racism' by Jelani Memory.
After you've finished watching the video, see if you can have a go at the following activities:
1. What is racism?
2. Why do you think Jelani Memory has chosen to write a book about racism for kids, not adults.
3. Why do you think it is important to begin discussing racism when you are a child?
4. Jelani's book has no pictures. See if you can draw a picture that you think would fit well in this book (I'd love it if you could send me a picture of it afterwards!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnaltG5N8nE
You may have heard that in America at the moment there is a lot of upset and outcry over the death of an African-American man, George Floyd, who was killed by a white police officer in Minneapolis.
In light of this tragedy, I'd like us to spend this week looking into the #BlackLivesMatter movement.
Today, please start by watching this video, filmed by Newsround in 2015 and have a go at answering the questions below...
1. In 2015, who was the President of the USA?
2. Who is President of the USA today?
3. Barack Obama was the first _______________ ?
4. What is the question that Ricky was exploring in the video?
5. How did most of the children in the video answer Ricky's question?
6. What does the first girl say is the difference between black and white people in America?
7. How does the video make you feel?
8. How would you feel if someone treated you differently because of the colour of your skin? Explain your answer.
Year 5- Term 5- Week 5 (18/05/2020) - Home Learning
Watch the video below and answer the following questions...
(If you're finding a question too tricky, move on to the next one!)
1. Why do you think the singers might be saying 'heeaaaaave-ho' at the beginning of the song?
2. Which two adjectives do they use to describe Vikings? ("We are the Vikings ___ and ____)
3. What does "flea" mean?
4. According to the song, when do The Vikings "plunder and pillage?"
5. Why is Miss Price not very happy about the singers' helmets?
6. Name two instruments used in the song.
7. "As strong as an ox" is an example of which grammatical term? Hint: "As bright as the sun" is also an example of one of these...
8. Did you like the song? Explain your answer.
9. Who would you recommend this song to?
10. Can you think of any songs that link to the Vikings? Explain. E.g 'Happier- Marshmello' because I think the Vikings would have been happy when they came across a new village to pillage.
In honour of Mental Health Awareness Week 2020, we're going to put The Vikings on pause for today.
Instead, I'd like you to have a go at the following activities:
1. Watch the 'Mental Health Awareness Week 2020' video below.
2. Make a list of all of the things that make you happy. You can share this with a family member, me and the rest of the class (via email) or just keep it to yourself to look at if you're ever feeling a bit sad.
3. See if you can do something kind for someone over the next few days- this might be something as simple as holding the door open for someone in your family!
Please remember- you are all wonderful and have so much to offer. As we saw when we read 'Wonder', kindness can be the most powerful but least expensive thing you can give to someone.
Here's a few things that make Miss Price happy if you're struggling for ideas...
1. Family, friends and Mason
2. My wonderful Year 5s
3. Dogs (especially puppies)
4. Cake
Well done if you managed to complete yesterday's task- there was a lot to read!
Today, I'd like you to either...
Create a cartoon strip of King Edward's (son of Ethelred the Unready) life. (See example below for help).
Talk a family member through the life of King Edward.
Hint: use yesterday's text to help you.
Here's a link to a cartoon strip template for you to print out if you would like to.
Tuesday Daily Topic Task 19/05/2020
Today, I'd just like you to spend some time reading through 'What happened to the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings' and completing the activities on the page.
There is a lot to read here, so I'll set you some activities based around this page tomorrow!
Today, I've got a Viking wordsearch to ease you into the week...
You can either ask your parents to print it out, or have a go at it on the screen.
Revisit 'What was life like in Viking Britain' and answer the questions below...
If you are finding them tricky, just have a go at 1, 2 and 3.
1. Some Vikings came to Britain to fight. What did other Vikings come to Britain to do?
2. What was the name of the houses that the Vikings lived in?
3. Name 2 jobs carried out by Viking women.
4. Did Viking children go to school? Why do you think this was?
5. What job did many Vikings do?
6. Why do you think Viking animals slept inside during "cold winters"?
7. What is the very official sounding name of the Viking community meeting?
8. Who was at the very top of Viking society?
9. Who was King of the Viking city Jorvik?
10. What do we call Jorvik today?
Today, I'd like you to read through 'What was life like in Viking Britain?'
As there is a lot of information to take in, I'd just like you to spend today reading through it and I will set you some relevant activities tomorrow.
In the meantime, see if you can unscramble these Viking words:
l n o g h s p i
(Vikings used these to travel to far off lands...)
h r t o
(One of the most well-known Viking Gods...)
r r w a r i o
(Some Year 5s completed their Viking workout and became a Viking...)
t h e l e m
(Vikings used this to protect themselves in battle...)
For today's task, I'd like you to find out what your Viking name would be...
1. Find out your Viking name by using the first letter of your first name and the first letter of your surname on the picture below.
2. Write your Viking name down on a piece of paper and decorate (or have a go on the computer!)
3. (Optional): Hold your Viking name on your piece of paper and send it with your meanest Viking face to Year5@chalgrove.oxon.sch.uk
Tuesday Daily Topic Task
Today, I'd like you to join Cade the Rotten as he walks you through today's Viking workout! Watch the video below, then give it a go!
Exercise 1- Haul stuff from one end of the garden to the other (as quickly as possible!)
Exercise 2- Jump over the dead bodies
Exercise 3- Lift something over your head, then squat
Exercise 4- CHAAAAARGE!
Repeat x2
Please make sure you're not lifting anything too heavy and you remember to bend your knees when you pick it up.
If you succeed, send a picture of your meanest, scariest Viking face to Year5@chalgrove.oxon.sch.uk!
https://youtu.be/GqANb9gGsdA
Welcome back to your Viking topic tasks!
Today, I'd like you to use Google Earth to explore the city of York- one of the first places where the Vikings settled in England. Click here to load.
1. Can you spot the name of the main river running through York city centre? (zoom in!)
2. Click here to travel to 'York Minster'. Drop the man and describe the minster using 3 powerful adjectives, e.g. 'towering'.
3. Click here to travel to 'Clifford's Tower'. Drop the man outside it and draw a quick picture of it. If you can colour it in, even better!
4. Finally, click here to travel to 'The Shambles', one of York's most popular and spectacular streets. Drop the man and see if you can write down the name of 3 shops which are on The Shambles.
Remember: The Viking name for 'York' was Jorvik!
Today, York has a Viking attraction called 'Jorvik', where you can explore the sights, sounds and smells of Viking-Age York!
HAPPY VE DAY!
We hope you have a wonderful day. Mason and I will be celebrating VE Day by participating in the following activities. Please feel free to join us...
11:00am: 2 minute silence throughout the country
11:15am: VE Day Livestream (click here)
3:00pm: Nation's Toast to the heroes of WW2
(Raise a glass/ cup to the heroes who gave us the freedom we have today by saying "To those who gave so much, we thank you")
Feel free to send pictures of your celebrations to Year5@chalgrove.oxon.sch.uk
Winston Churchill was the prime minister at the end of WWII in 1945. Click here to watch one of his speeches on VE Day (the video at the bottom of the page).
Once you have watched (or as you are watching) answer the questions below. If you are finding the questions a bit tricky, just have a go at 1, 2 and 8.
1. Why do you think Winston Churchill is wearing glasses?
2. Complete the phrase said by Churchill: "God save the ...."
3. Do your own research. Who was the King at the time of this speech?
4. What is an "ally"?
5. Why does Churchill say "tomorrow will also be Victory in Europe Day"?
6. Which country does Churchill say has "inflicted injuries" on the UK, the USA and other countries?
7. How do you think Churchill was feeling when he made this speech? Why?
8. Why is the video in black and white?
Today, I'd like to introduce you to Vera Lynn's famous song 'We'll Meet Again'. This song is a popular song from World War II and is about people hoping to meet loved ones again after a long and painful time apart.
Have a listen to it by clinking the link above, then, have a go at answering the questions below:
1. Who do you think people may have been hoping to 'meet again' at the end of the war?
2. Complete the lyric "We'll meet again, don't know ......., don't know ........".
3. How do you think people would have felt when listening to this song. Explain your answer.
4. What instruments can you hear in the background of the song?
5. Why do you think this song is relevant to us at the moment?
6. Who are you most looking forward to seeing when lockdown is over?
Today's task is to make some bunting for VE Day!
Bunting is any festive decoration made of fabric, or of plastic, paper or even cardboard. Typical forms of bunting are strings of colorful triangular flags and lengths of fabric in the colours of national flags.
Click here to see some homemade bunting ideas.
When you're finished, you can hang them around your house ready for VE Day on Friday!
Here is an example of some bunting made by the children who are at school:
The end of this week marks the 75th anniversary of VE Day. "75 years since the guns fell silent at the end of the war in Europe". Therefore, your topic work this week will be activities based around this historic event.
Today's task will simply be to complete the ERIC below.
Remember: Use ONLY the picture to gather the information for your answers.
Have a look at the picture below and answer the following questions...
(P.S Miss Price didn't make this cake, although she wishes she could!)
1. What's wrong with the helmet on the top of the cake? (Use your knowledge of Viking helmets to answer this!)
2. What is a 'layer' and how many layers does this cake have?
3. What is the name of the long sticks coming out of the side of the boat?
4. How long do you think it would have taken to make this cake? Why?
5. What do you think the red and white stripy bit is supposed to be?
6. What do you think the bottom layer of the cake represents? Why?
7. Describe the colours of the bottom layer. (I don't want to just hear 'blue'!)
8. How many different colours can you spot on the cake?
9. Estimate how tall you think the cake is.
10. Name a character from a book or film who you think would enjoy this cake and explain why.
Thursday 30/04/2020
Read the following text on 'Viking traders and explorers'.
Answer the questions below, using the information that you have read in the text.
These are just like the questions I would usually give you in your ERICs, so I know you can do them! However, if you are finding them a little bit tricky, please ask an adult to help you read through and try questions 1, 3, 7 and 8 as these are retrieve questions.
1. Name three countries that the Viking ships reached.
2. Why does the text say "a few daring explorers made voyages to Iceland and beyond'? Why would this be daring?
3. Name three goods and materials that the Vikings bought.
4. What is a "fair deal"?
5. Why do you think the Vikings sailed "close to the coast whenever possible"?
6. What did the Vikings invent to help them find their way?
7. What is the name of the Viking ship found on a Norwegian farm in 1880?
8. How long is the Gokstad ship?
9. How would you feel if you saw a Viking longship heading towards you? Why?
10. Why do you think both ships are now displayed in museums? What's the point?
Vikings didn't use letters like we do when they were writing, instead they used 'runes'.
1. Have a look at the Viking runes alphabet below and see if you can spell your name in runes!
2. See if you can work out the mystery words in the bottom picture.
Some of these may be a little bit tricky because the rune could be more than one letter, I'd recommend starting with the runes which could only be one letter and filling in the blanks.
Last summer, Miss Price visited Stockholm (which is the capital of Sweden) and got to dress up as a Viking. She also enjoyed lots of different Swedish cakes!
1. Spot the difference! Mason has changed 5 things from Miss Price's original pic. Can you find all 5 of the changes?
2. What has Sweden got to do with the Vikings?
3. Can you find out the name of one of the cakes that Miss Price is eating in the picture? (Hint: Google 'Swedish cakes')
4. What two colours are the Swedish flag?
5. Find out one other interesting fact about Sweden...
Daily Topic Task 27/04/2020
Watch Thor and the Giants, part 1, 2 and 3
Write a short summary explaining the story of Thor and the Giants
Recall the story of Thor and the Giants to a family member
Create a poster/ PowerPoint recalling the story of Thor and the Giants!
Watch Freya and the Goblins part 1 and 2, then have a go at answering the following questions...
(You may prefer to answer them as you watch it)
1. What special job was Freya given?
2. What was Freya's husband called?
3. Describe Freya using 3 powerful adjectives.
4. What were the Goblins doing in the cave?
5. What did the Goblins say the price of the necklace was?
6. Why do you think Odur ran away?
7. Why did Freya want to return the necklace and why wouldn't Odin let her?
8. Which character is narrating the story?
9. What's a 'shapechanger'?
10. What do you think the moral of the story is? Why would Vikings tell it?
Sticking with Viking beliefs again today...
Watch Story 1 'Odin creates the world'.
Create a short cartoon strip to show the story of Odin creating the world,
Write a couple of fantastic sentences to describe Loki.
Watch the 'Horrible Histories: Vicious Vikings' video...
Make a poster explaining the top 3 weird Viking beliefs,
Tell a member of your family about the top 3 weird Viking beliefs.
Read 'How did the Vikings fight'...
1. Click on the labels to explore a Viking warrior's weapons and armour.
2. Draw a Viking and label their armour, or draw a longboat and label the parts.
Watch the 'Who were the Vikings' video and answer the questions below...
1. Where did the Vikings come from?
2. Which 3 countries make up Scandinavia?
3. What does the word 'Viking' mean?
4. Did Vikings have horned helmets?
5. What are 3 Viking words which we still use today?
Continue reading through the info on the page and write down 5 new things you've learnt about the Vikings.
Year 5 and parents,
Welcome to your home learning page! Although Mrs. Geggus, Mrs. Hawkins and I can't be with you at the moment, we are all still rooting for you and can't wait to hear about all of the fantastic learning you've been doing at home.
You should ( <-modal verb!! ) all be working through your home learning packs. If you find anything a little bit tricky, your parents may be able to lend you a hand. If not, remember: YouTube is a brilliant tool for looking up video tutorials. Miss Price often uses 'Khan Academy' tutorials to remind her how to solve certain Maths questions!
We know that different parents would like different levels of help and support with learning at home. Firstly, there is no pressure - did you know how much learning happens through play and independent activities? Please don't feel guilty if you don't 'home-school' your child for 5 full days a week - it's not possible, whilst trying to work yourselves full time at home.
For those who would like a structure we have suggested a couple of timetables below, but these are merely a suggestion. You need to create your own routines to survive at home.
Suggested Timetable (half-day)
Get active Try Joe Wicks live PE sessions at 9am on youtube each day!
Literacy or Maths A worksheet or two from your home learning pack
Topic eg. cooking, art, model making, construction, geography
Tablet time Try some online activities from our 'Learning at home' page
Suggested Timetable (full-day)
Get active Try Joe Wicks live PE sessions at 9am you youtube each day!
Literacy Spelling or handwriting practice, then a worksheet or two from your home learning pack
Maths Times table practice, then a worksheet or two from your home learning pack
Topic eg. cooking, drawing, painting, making a model, outdoor PE, geography
Tablet Try some online activities from our 'Learning at home' page
Reading Reading to an adult or Independent
We will all miss your beaming faces and your admirable work ethic, but you have all got this and we are very excited to see you back in Y5, whenever that may be.
Don't forget to check the 'daily updates' section on our class page to see how Mason is spending his time away from Y5...
You are all brilliant. Take care,
Miss Price, Mrs. Geggus and Mrs. Hawkins
P.S...
Children - please remember our school values, which still apply at home:
Ready- be prepared for learning with your new packs, resources and the internet to support you. Eating breakfast and staying active in your houses/ gardens will help you to be ready to learn.
Respectful- please make sure you are being as respectful to your lovely new teachers as you are to us at school! Ditto your brothers and sisters. Be kind.
Responsible- when you're asked to do some learning or activity on your own, show your family how grown up and sensible you can be - they will be impressed!
French Learning from home
CHALGROVE Y5 Monday 20 April.pdf
Chalgrove Y5 Mon 4th May 2020.pdf
FRENCH Chalgrove Mon 11th May 2020.pdf
FRENCH Mon 18th May 2020.pdf
French Monday 1st June 2020 Y5 and Y6.pdf
French final Monday 8th June 2020 Y5 and Y6.pdf
French final final Monday 15th June 2020 Y5 and Y6.pdf
French Chalgrove Monday 22 June 2020 .pdf
Y56 French A Chalgrove Monday 29th June 2020 .pdf
Y56 Chalgrove French B Monday 29th June 2020 .pdf
French Monday 6th July 2020 .pdf
CHALGROVE Y5 French Monday 13th July 2020 .pdf
Spring Term Newsletter
Chalgrove Y5 newsletter Spring 2020
Autumn Term Newsletter
Chalgrove Y5 newsletter Autumn 2019


Taking a cue from what he gets asked about most from fans, a desire to have some fun and to live out the golden rule, multi-platinum and Grammy-nominated SKILLET frontman John Cooper has officially launched his "Cooper Stuff" podcast. Available on SKILLET's YouTube channel, iTunes and more, Cooper's goal for the podcast is to post a new episode each month. With the first installment launching just before Valentine's Day, the theme of the debut podcast sees Cooper taking an honest, no-holds-barred approach to what makes a successful relationship — drawing from his 21-year marriage to Korey Cooper.
Currently working on its 11th studio project scheduled for release later this year (Atlantic), SKILLET will once again tour with BREAKING BENJAMIN and FIGHT THE FURY for dates in March and April. The dates will be followed by a trek through the Russian Federation.
The band's latest effort, "Unleashed", was recently certified gold after accumulating half a million certified units. The distinction follows on the success of lead single "Feel Invincible", which was gold-certified in 2018. "Unleashed" is the fourth consecutive SKILLET record to receive certification of either gold, platinum or double platinum.


Melt the ghee, and mix with the flour, salt and water. Knead to a smooth, elastic dough. Divide the dough into three even sized balls.
Roll out one ball of dough into a thin disc, about 10-12″ wide. Brush the surface with melted ghee, and sprinkle over an even layer of rice flour. Roll out a second disc, and place it over the first. Repeat this process, finishing with another brushing of ghee and rice flour.
Carefully roll the layered discs into a log, taking care to avoid air pockets.Trim the ends with a sharp knife, and cut into approximately 18 slices.
Roll each slice out lightly into 4 – 4 1/2″ wide circles, making sure you don't lose the layers.
Fry on moderate heat until golden brown.
Eat as a snack, or with your favourite curry.
To make a sweet version, leave out the spices and herbs and dredge the fried chirotis with powdered sugar while still warm.
And if you'd like to try your hand at the version with semolina, my mother's recipe calls for a cup each of fine semolina (suji or rava) and plain flour, 3 tbsps of ghee and a pinch of salt, kneaded together into a firm dough with about 1/2 cup of water. This is left to rest for 3 – 4 hours, then kneaded firmly again, before proceeding as above, with melted ghee and rice flour between layers. It's more effort, but if you prefer a chiroti that is more crisp paratha than flaky pastry, this is the one for you.


60 dB/Dispersion-Silicate/Powder to mix yourself.
Shielding plaster delivered as a powder. Dispersion silicate plaster with potassium silicate as binder and under 5 % synthetic content. For the shielding of high-frequency radiation (HF) and low-frequency electric fields (LF).
• This shielding plaster contains no long carbon fibers for shielding, which is why it shields equally well in all polarisation directions.
• This plaster has a relatively high diminution of 50% while drying. This is very important for the high attenuation. It should only be used on smooth undergrounds as unevenness can't be smoothed with this plaster.
• Carbon pigments are black, in which shielding plaster would you trust? Instead of cheap filler materials, we use costly carbons exclusively. Thereby we don´t reach only 24 dB attenuation, but a sensational 60 dB.
This product with a pH-value of 12 contains potassium silicate powder. Stirring is only allowed with protective equipment! We urgent recommend our safety-set DRY99.
As a thin layer plaster with a thickness from 1 mm to 2 mm preferrably interior. But due to the good moisture resistance even exterior.
Stir the 12 kg powder in a bucket with 12 liters of water. Preparation time appr. 70 minutes.
We recommend a surface preparation with our primer concentrate GK5 or another primer. Excellent adhesion on almost all absorbent undergrounds. Not applicable on gypsum based undergrounds, potassium silcate flake off from gypsum!
Sand and smooth elevations and coarse burrs as usual. Normally on the graphite surface only organic dispersion paints or dispersion silicate paints adheres well. For pure mineralic coatings we recommend an aftertreatment with our primer concentrate GK5 or another for the coating suitable primer. Don't use gypsum based coatings, gypsum peels off from silicate coatings!
Graphite, potassium silicate powder, carbon black, acrylic powder, additives.
VOC-content: 0.1 g/l (the EU limit value for category A/a is 30 g/l from 2010). Sd-value: 0.1 m. Ph-value: 12. Adhesive tensile strength: 1.0 N/mm. Shelf life: 24-48 months. Colour: Black. More technical details in PDF's, (above).


Projecta Alligator Clips are plated with an easy connection. Perfect for setting up test cables or other small applications where alligator clips are required.
SKU: TC75 Category: Battery Monitors & Testing Barcode: 9315219710598.


We opened our doors for the first time in 2009, at our appropriately fashionable 1st den in Mont Kiara Solaris.
From full facials to whole body waxing, our professionals are each of them a trained therapist with much hands-on experience for the Art required to take care of our clients' faces and to sensualize our Clients' bodies.
This is done in the heart of The Brazilian – a soothing space that caters to our city's post-modern sensibilities and spacious enough to accommodate 4 comfortably appointed treatment rooms.
The right ambience for soothing your nerves is further augmented by the music we play to relax you.
The Brazilian's high quality products are imported from France and Australia - gentle to sensitive skin and perfect for our specialty Brazilian waxing.
The Brazilian obsession is to overcome unwanted skin foliage and give you the baby smooth wax factor. And because we've been doing this since 2002, trust in our specialty is never a hairy concern.
Copyright © 2013 Brazilian. All Rights Reserved.


text:
May 29, 2015 G-IMichael Portantiere
Original Broadway Cast, 1950 (Decca) (4 / 5) While subsequent recordings of Frank Loesser's Guys and Dolls are superior to this one in certain respects, the performances here are definitive and remain the template for all future productions. Almost every Nathan Detroit is better than Sam Levene as far as singing is concerned, but just listen to Levene's barely on-pitch pleas to Adelaide in "Sue Me" and you may well feel that his Nathan is unbeatable. In "Adelaide's Lament," Vivian Blaine is completely natural, touching, and funny at the same time. In "A Bushel and a Peck" and "Take Back Your Mink," Blaine makes it clear exactly what kind of performer Miss Adelaide is and what kind of joint she works in. In "Sue Me," she and Levene give us a textbook example of how a comedy duet should be performed. Robert AIda and Isabel Bigley as Sky Masterson and Sarah Brown do very well in their duets "I'll Know" and "I've Never Been in Love Before" and are impressive in their respective solos, "Luck Be a Lady" and "If I Were a Bell." The supporting players are also distinctive, especially the irreplaceable Stubby Kaye as Nicely-Nicely Johnson in "Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat." While we have AIda's "My Time of Day" on the album, it's regrettable that the dialogue and underscoring that connects the song to "I've Never Been in Love Before" were not recorded. Included as bonuses on the latest CD edition are four tracks from the 1955 film version of Guys and Dolls, so we can savor the undubbed performances of Jean Simmons and Marlon Brando in "I'll Know" and in "A Woman in Love." (The latter is one of the songs that Loesser wrote for the movie.) Simmons' "If I Were a Bell" is one of the best-acted versions of this song you are likely to find, and Brando's "Luck Be a Lady" is unexpectedly effective. No complete, official soundtrack album was ever released due to the contractual restrictions of Frank Sinatra, who plays Nathan in the film; "unofficial" collections of songs from the soundtrack did appear briefly on LP and CD, but disappeared quickly. As the film is available on home video, only completists will feel the need to track down that disc. — Jeffrey Dunn
Broadway Cast, 1976 (Motown) (3 / 5) For this revival of Guys and Dolls with an all-black cast, the original orchestrations were rewritten to achieve a funkier sound. Some of the songs resist that kind of treatment, but one of the times when it really works is in the first duet for Sky and Sarah. Ernestine Jackson sings "I'll Know" with a solid soprano in a standard Broadway arrangement; then James Randolph swings into an R&B chorus of the song, and the two very different styles of singing tell us much about who these characters are. Later, Jackson's Sarah loosens up in "If I Were a Bell," and her voice meshes attractively with Randolph's in "I've Never Been in Love Before." The new orchestrations may not please traditionalists, but their bounciness and the sense of joy that they create cannot be denied. Robert Guillaume portrays a very dry, leading-mannish Nathan Detroit, and Norma Donaldson is an entertaining Adelaide; her shrieks at the end of "Adelaide's Lament" are unexpected and very funny. This recording also includes "Adelaide Meets Sarah," a brief sequence in which "I've Never Been in Love Before" is sung in counterpoint with "Adelaide's Lament," as it appears in the original score. Ken Page's "Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat" is a foot-stomping showstopper with a gospel-style encore included. Though this is by no means a definitive Guys and Dolls, it's a highly enjoyable listening experience. — J.D.
National Theatre Cast, 1982 (Chrysalis/Music For Pleasure) No stars; not recommended. Perhaps it's necessary to have seen this production to understand why it was a resounding hit in London. The "band" was onstage, playing new orchestrations intended to evoke the Big Band sound of the 1940s. But this sounds like a cheaply produced studio recording of Guys and Dolls, rather than a first-class cast album, and much of what Loesser wrote seems to have been lost. The performances were reportedly wonderful onstage but did not translate well to CD. Ian Charleson as Sky never pretended to be a singer, and his acting does not compensate for his lack of vocal power. Julie Covington's fluttery vibrato makes her renditions of Sarah Brown's songs virtually colorless. The Adelaide of the usually brilliant Julia McKenzie doesn't really register, nor does the Nathan Detroit of Bob Hoskins. David Healy's "Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat" is standard issue. Overall, this disc is a huge disappointment. At least Music For Pleasure is a budget label! [Ed. Note: The original London production of Guys and Dolls was in 1953, but while some of the stars recorded some of the songs, nothing close to a complete cast album was released.] — J.D.
Broadway Cast, 1992 (RCA) (3 / 5) Here is the cast recording of a hugely successful revival of this great show. Nathan Lane may not be everybody's idea of Nathan Detroit, but he's wonderfully comic, sings better than the role's requirements, and is especially effective in "Sue Me" with Faith Prince as Adelaide. Prince's characterization is somewhat lacking in vulnerability, but her comedic instincts are dead-on; she does a bang-up job with "Adelaide's Lament," and is obviously having a ball in "A Bushel and a Peck" and "Take Back Your Mink." Josie de Guzman's lackluster Sarah lets Prince down in "Marry the Man Today," and is even more harmful in her duets with Peter Gallagher, who is suave, tough, and in fine voice as Sky Masterson. Gallagher does justice to the rousing "Luck Be a lady" (heard here with new dance music) and "My Time of Day." The recording includes chunks of dialogue that give it a nice sense of theatricality. Although Walter Bobbie is an unconventional choice for the role of Nicely-Nicely Johnson, he makes the role his own; he leads a rousing "Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat," and he and J.K. Simmons give an excellent rendition of the title song. The cuts, however small, and re-orchestrations of much of the score (Michael Starobin is billed after the original orchestrators) may limit some listeners' enjoyment of this performance, but it is strongly conducted by Edward Strauss. — J.D.
Studio Cast, 1995 (JAY, 2CDs) (5 / 5) If you must choose only one recording of Guys and Dolls to own, this gem should be it. It contains almost every note of the score as originally heard on Broadway and presents the original orchestrations and dance arrangements in stereo for the first and, so far, only time. It also has bonus tracks of songs written for the film ("Pet Me, Poppa," "Adelaide," and "A Woman in love"), with excellent orchestrations by Larry Moore, and the deleted Sky/Nathan duet "Travelin' Light." Gregg Edelman's Sky and Emily Loesser's Sarah are nothing less than superb, both vocally and dramatically; to hear them perform the "I'll Know" sequence is almost as if to experience it for the first time. Another joy of this two-disc set is that it includes the entire musical scene of "My Time of Day" into "I've Never Been in love Before" as Loesser conceived it. This is also the only recording of the show to include the entire original "Havana" sequence. Kim Criswell is a divine Adelaide, both brassy and touching. As Nicely-Nicely, Don Stephenson successfully accomplishes the unenviable task of following in Stubby Kaye's footprints. If Tim Flavin is not ideal as Nathan, he's suitable enough, and Ron Raines is a strong-voiced Sky Masterson. While some listeners may prefer a cast album of Guys and Dolls that represents an actual stage production, this recording offers so much in the way of theatrical atmosphere and excellent performances, not to mention completeness, that it should be a part of every collection. — J.D.
Touring Cast, 2001 (DRG) (1 / 5) This 50th-anniversary recording of Guys and Dolls features the cast of a touring production that began at Washington, D.C's Arena Stage, with Maurice Hines top-billed as Nathan. Musical supervision and additional arrangements are by Danny Kosarin. The orchestrations sound like scaled-down versions of the originals, with some alterations. Overall, it's a pretty lifeless affair with the exception of the Sky and Sarah, very well sung by real-life newlyweds Brian Sutherland and Diane Sutherland. Alexandra Foucard is bland in Adelaide's two performance numbers, and makes dreadful attempts at humor. Even worse is her duet with Hines; to say that this rendition of "Sue Me" is of a community theater level would be insulting to community theaters everywhere. The recording goes further downhill with the worst "Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat" ever captured on disc, and an awful "Marry the Man Today" with an inexplicable female back-up chorus at the end. The bonus tracks are a plus: Frank Loesser sings seven Guys and Dolls songs, including the deleted "Travelin' Light" and "Adelaide" from the film version. His revelatory performance of "Luck Be a Lady" should be required listening for any would-be Sky Masterson; his original verse-and-chorus ballad version of "Sue Me" is fascinating, and it's fun to hear his renditions of "I'll Know," "I've Never Been in Love Before," and "Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat." These selections are also available on DRG's An Evening With Frank Loesser, which includes Loesser's performances of many other songs from other shows of his. That recording would be a much better purchase than this touring cast album of Guys and Dolls. — J.D.
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The Georgian Tradition was founded in 1970 by George (Pat) Patterson, Zanoni Silverknife and Tanith. It began as a small coven in Pat's home in Bakersfield, CA.
Pat received early teachings from members of a Celtic coven in Boston. When World War II began, Pat enlisted in the Armed Forces and served for four years. On his return to Boston, he found that family members had destroyed his Book of Shadows and ritual items. He could not find the family he had studied with and did not find any other Witches for a long time, but he never gave up hope. In 1970, at 52 years of age, Pat began a magickal calling that resulted in Zanoni and Tanith finding him and helping to found the Georgian tradition. Their first student, Bobbie Kennedy, came along shortly thereafter.
Soon after forming the group, Pat applied to the State of California for legal status as an incorporated church and, through the Universal Life Church, obtained a charter (1971) and ministerial credentials for himself and Zanoni.
Pat gathered information, lessons and lore from many helpful sources. These included Doris and Sylvester Stuart of England, Lady Gwen of the New England Covens of Traditionalist Witches (N.E.C.T.W.), Ed Fitch of the Gardnerian Wicca tradition and others. The Georgian tradition is based on Gardnerian and Alexandrian practices, Etruscan lore, rites and rituals shared by the Sylvestrians and N.E.C.T.W. as well as material from New York Covens of Traditionalist Witches (N.Y.C.T.W). Lord Hermes, Ed Buczynski and Lady Siobhan (Order of the Silver Wheel).
In 1976, Pat began editing the Georgian Newsletter, an informal correspondence that helped build and bridge the Georgian community. Pat passed over in 1984 leaving behind a thriving Georgian community. At present, there are known Georgian covens in British Columbia, California, Florida, Oregon, Colorado, Maryland, Michigan, Washington and Oklahoma.


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How food advertising impacts children's eating behaviour.
Due to a combination of factors, we've regrettably had to cancel our event in January. Our booked speaker had to withdraw due to health reasons, and of the two organisers neither had time to pursue a new speaker, one will be abroad on the event date, and the other will be really busy around that time with other things. With that in mind, we have sadly decided not to run our event on January 16th.
We apologies for any inconvenience that this may cause anyone.
Cancer cures: are we nearly there yet?
Ivana Buric will talk about her work investigating the gene suppression changes induced by meditation and related practices. These appear to suppress expression of genes and genetic pathways which would otherwise promote the inflammatory response - in the modern world where stress is very often long-term and psychological, a resulting inflammatory response becoming chronic can have health repercussions. Thus, these practices may have a part to play in keeping us healthy, however it remains unclear how they compare against other physical activities such as sports.
It's inevitable, isn't it? One day robots will take over the world, either through some kind of violent rebellion, or through the back door - by taking all our jobs. Aren't we throwing caution to the wind by ignoring this threat? By explaining some of the basic principles behind artificial intelligence and robotics, Nick will try to convince you that all those science fiction writers are wrong, and whilst robots will have a large part to play in our future, you don't need to worry about the effect they'll have on our existence.
Over the last couple of decades, the topic of disgust has risen from the bowels of study to the mainstream of the academic life. Probably ancient and universal, disgust is a sensation caused by a perception of boundary violation – that something can get inside us and cause harm - that in one form or another, has guided humanity and other animals away from the contagious and the toxic. Unfortunately, disgust has also acted as a gatekeeper of morality for as far back as we have records, governing humanity's sense of what is right and wrong as we link violations of cultural norms with feelings of revulsion. The problem is that while disgust might be universal, what causes it is not, and those causes can be a slave to the dictates of the powerful.
Richard Firth-Godbehere knows a lot about disgust. Over the past six years, he has been looking at, analysing, and dissecting the history, philosophy, and psychology of disgust, culminating in a PhD in the origins of the English understanding of that feeling. He has come to the conclusion that it rules the world. From refusing certain foods to relationships to political opinions and religious beliefs, feelings of revulsion have directed human behaviour in ways matched by almost no other physical sensation. What's more, we are as fascinated by the disgusting as we are appalled by it. Richard will be explaining how that happens, what disgust is, the history of revulsion and how one thing can always be found at the centre of it: oppression and power.


October 27 marked the first large scale active ageing carnival held in Nee Soon. The aim of this carnival is to encourage and promote mental, physical and social health amongst our senior citizens. The carnival is comprised of many activities that was participated by 2500 residents. According to K Shanmugam, the Foreign Affairs and Law Minister, active ageing is not only the responsibility of the individual. Active ageing should be the responsibility of all (young and adult).
The carnival was the first step to active ageing. There are more to come if all people especially the senior citizens participate. What are the components of active ageing?
When you get old, you need all the nutrients that you can get to sustain the body's function. Senior citizens should particularly eat the right food and the right amount to be healthy. If you want a meal plan, you can go to your dieticians and ask for outputs. Basically, you need to eat fruits and vegetables. If your physicians encourage that you take supplements, you should consider it.
Old people need to perform physical activities according to their age. Seniors should have their share of physical activities because it can help them build a stronger and better body. But before indulging to some physical activities, ask your doctors first. A simple brisk walking can make a difference you know.
Seniors get sick easily so it is important that you submit to health screening often. If your doctor advises you to visit him/her regularly, you should do that because it is for your own good. Health screening is subsidized by the government so do not worry about anything.
Physical and emotional health is important but you should never forget about setting your mind. If you set your mind right, you will surely enjoy, endure and live a long life. For example, positive thinking can make a big difference at the end of the day. Sometimes, it only takes shifting or changing your mindset and perspective.


Capillary blood glucose monitoring is a common nursing procedure. However, no consensus exists regarding which drop of blood to test (drop 1 vs. drop 2) and whether using alcohol pads to prepare the fingertip affects blood glucose values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of these factors and contribute to the development of evidence-based nursing protocols for capillary blood glucose monitoring. A quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted in a laboratory at the University of New Hampshire. 96 volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Each group underwent a pair of capillary blood glucose tests to determine the impact of alcohol prep pads and blood drop number. Data was analyzed using paired t-tests and ANOVA. Results showed that neither alcohol prep pads alone nor blood drop number alone affect blood glucose results. However, when an alcohol prep pad was used, values from blood drop 1 were a mean of 2.1 mg/dL (Std. Dv. = 5.03) less than blood drop 2 (p = .042). This difference is clinically insignificant and would not likely affect patient care. These findings indicate that it is not necessary to wipe away the first drop of blood, even when 70% isopropyl alcohol is used for skin preparation. Further research needs to be done to confirm these results.
Foos, Joanna E., "The Effect of Alcohol Prep Pads and Blood Drop Number On Capillary Blood Glucose Values" (2017). Honors Theses and Capstones. 335.


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Home » A Parent's Guide to PlayStation Plus
A Parent's Guide to PlayStation Plus
by Stephen Duetzmann May 9, 2018
by Stephen Duetzmann May 9, 2018 4 comments
It seems like everyone is starting their own premium gaming service these days. It can be tough for parents to be able to tell the difference between Xbox Live, PlayStation Plus, and all the others. We can't let that stand here at EFG so we wrote up a big ol' guide for all of the premium services so our readers can tell them all apart and understand the costs and benefits of each one.
Take a look below for our guide to PlayStation Plus!
PlayStation Plus is a subscription service for PlayStation that is required in order to play online multiplayer games over the PlayStation Network. The service also includes periodic discounts on digital purchases through the PlayStation Network. It also includes a suite of free PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, and PlayStation VR games that are available for free each month.
PlayStation Plus is a subscription service that must be maintained in order to keep using it. The service grants its members access to the following:
Online Multiplayer gaming using the PlayStation Network platform
A suite of free games available for download each month for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 3. These games can be downloaded to the PlayStation 4 hard drive at any time, but you can only play them if you have an active PlayStation Plus subscription.
Periodic discounts on digital games sold on the PlayStation Marketplace. The games you purchase using a discount made available during a PlayStation Plus subscription will remain playable even after the subscription expires.
PlayStation Plus can be purchased yearly, every three months, or monthly.
12 Month subscription – $59.99
3 Month subscription – $24.99
1 Month subscription – $9.99
There isn't much advice to give. If your family owns a PlayStation 4 console then this is required for online play. It is, however, a pretty good value because over the course of a year the free games available through the program will add up to a significant value.
There are a ton of other premium video game services out there so we wrote guides for all of them. Take a look below:
A Parent's Guide to EA Access
A Parent's Guide to Xbox Live Gold
A Parent's Guide to Xbox Game Pass
A Parent's Guide to PlayStation Now
A Parent's Guide to EA Origin's Access
Make sure to keep your eyes on Engaged Family Gaming for all of the latest news and reviews you need to Get Your Family Game On!
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Abdulmohsen March 22, 2020 - 12:45 pm
I subscribed to ps4+ but how can I make my kids have access to ps4+ as well
Stephen Duetzmann March 22, 2020 - 3:39 pm
Hi! Thanks for the comment.
You could create Child accounts for them under your account. They the PS+ benefits would extend to them:
Instructions on how to do that are here:
https://blog.eu.playstation.com/2017/10/06/how-to-use-the-new-parental-controls-and-family-accounts-features-on-ps4/
Treymaker33 March 25, 2020 - 5:26 pm
If I have 2 PS4 consoles, do I need 2 PS+ accounts?
Stephen Duetzmann March 26, 2020 - 10:06 am
You can log into your PS+ account on both PS4s and take advantage of the same benefits. You don't need to purchase it twice.
This is a great question. Thanks for asking. I'll add it into the FAQ above.


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Home Local News Correctional officer arrested, fired, accused of relationship with inmate
Correctional officer arrested, fired, accused of relationship with inmate
James Vaughn
A former jail employee is behind bars himself, accused of having a relationship with an inmate.
Zachariah B. Johnson, 28, was arrested on three counts of sexual misconduct, a Level 5 felony, three counts of official misconduct, a Level 6 felony, and trafficking with an inmate, a misdemeanor. The Johnson County Prosecutor's Office will decide what, if any, charges to file.
About 10 a.m. Thursday, Johnson County Sheriff Duane Burgess received information that Johnson was possibly engaged in a relationship with a female inmate, according to a sheriff's office news release.
Sheriff's office administrators met to discuss the allegations. A criminal and internal investigation was opened, and members of the sheriff's office investigations division spoke with the female inmate and her attorney, according to the news release.
After investigators obtained a statement from the inmate, Burgess spoke with Morgan County Sheriff Richard Myers and requested two of his detectives handle the investigation, the news release said.
Morgan County detectives were briefed on the allegations and began their investigation. They interviewed Johnson about 5:30 p.m. Thursday at the Johnson County Sheriff's Office.
After consultation with Johnson County Prosecutor Joe Villanueva, Johnson was arrested. Charges were still pending Friday morning.
The Morgan County Sheriff's Office was brought in to ensure complete transparency, Burgess said.
The Johnson County Sheriff's Office also fired Johnson, who had been with the agency for two years.
"We won't tolerate it," Burgess said. "He knew the rules and the processes. We preach this on day one."
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James Vaughn is the Daily Journal's editor. He previously covered Greenwood and Johnson County as a news reporter, and continues to lead the paper's elections coverage. He grew up on the southside. When he is not working, he can be found bouncing between books, binge-watching true crime documentaries, trying his hand at a new recipe or spoiling his pets. He can be reached at [email protected] or 317-736-2774. Follow him on Twitter: @JamesRLVaughn
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