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Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Causes/Toxins
From Wikiversity
< Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research | Causes
< Back to Causes
1 Toxins
2 Research Findings to date
4 Related Pages
Toxins[edit | edit source]
A growing number of toxic compounds have been found which can, following exposure, induce the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Research into PD-related toxins can have a number of benefits.
It can enable environmental hazards to be identified and eliminated.
It can provide explanations for clustered occurrences.
It can enable the identification of people at risk.
It can provide a starting point for the study of the pathogenesis of the disease.
It can provide a means whereby the disease can be reproduced under laboratory conditions.
It will enable the improved diagnosis and treatment of cases previously classed as Atypical, Sporadic or Idiopathic.
It is not easy to prove the effects of a toxin since one cannot experiment with them on human beings. However when it comes to mind-altering substances people are often inclined to experiment on themselves - sometimes with devastating consequences. These occasions have however opened windows on research.
The pages which follow have been compiled with a view to answering the following questions about candidate toxins:-
Has the connection between the toxin and the onset of PD been established beyond reasonable doubt?
What does the toxin do to the nervous system?
Does PD induced by the toxin have distinctive features?
Is the condition preventable or reversible.
Does the toxin act as trigger for a genetic mutation?
Readers are invited to contribute additional relevant observations and references.
Research Findings to date[edit | edit source]
Chen et al [1] evaluated the association between dairy intake and risk of Parkinson's disease among 57,689 men and 73,175 women (USA). They found that consumption of dairy products increased the risk of getting P.D.
Research at St.Louis University [2][3] has suggested that a naturally occurring toxin called Dopal may be involved in the onset of PD.
Cannon et al [4] gives a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on neurotoxins with an informative section on Parkinson's Disease. They suggest a subdivision of the effects of neurotoxins into two broad categories, viz:-
Where shortly after exposure — hours to days - a neurological phenotype presents. This may or may not be reversible or stem from cell loss. Exposure may interfere with neurophysiological functioning, without initiating permanent dysfunction. In such cases the symptoms may disappear when the exposure source is removed.
Where neurotoxicant exposure requires weeks to years and, in some cases, decades to produce cell dysfunction and cell death that result in permanent detectable neurological alterations.
The authors urge caution in classifying toxin-induced PD symptoms as true manifestations of the disease:-
These findings are often presented in the form of case reports with limited pathological data, where much further validation would be required to establish relevance to PD. Behavioral features may arise from extrapyramidal dysfunction that does not share the pathological features of PD and additional neurological features that are not characteristic of PD also may be present. Environmental exposures that significantly alter dopaminergic neurotransmission in the substantia nigra and its projections could potentially result in movement abnormalities that share some features of PD. The majority of these exposures may actually bear limited relevance to the etiology of PD.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
Hagemann et al (1999) J. Neurol. 246 (3) 198-206 Parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, polyneuropathy, and cognitive decline after long-term occupational solvent exposure. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10323318
Brown, Terry P..; Rumsby, Paul C.; Capleton, Alexander C.; Rushton, Lesley and Levy, Leonard S. (2006) Environ. Health Perspect. 114(2): 156–164.
Edwards, Thea M. and Myers,(2007) Environ. Health Perspect 15 (9) 1264 - 1270 John Peterson Environmental Exposures and Gene Regulation in Disease Etiology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1964917/?tool=pmcentrez
Pesticides and Parkinson's Disease—Is There a Link? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367825/?tool=pmcentrez
Dhillon, A.S.; Tarbutton, G.L.; Levin, J.L.; Plotkin, G.M.; Lowry, L.K.; Nalbone, J.T. and Shepherd, S. (2008) J. Agromedicine 13 (1) 37-48. Pesticide/environmental exposures and Parkinson's disease in East Texas. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19042691
Abelson,Dr.Brian (2011) Natural/Functional Considerations for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease http://www.drabelson.com/park.html
Komatsu, F.; Kagawa, Y.; Kawabata, T.; Kaneko, Y.; Chimedregzen, U.; Purvee, B. and Otgon, J. (2011) Curr. Aging Sci. 4 (1) 42-56. A high accumulation of hair minerals in Mongolian people: 2(nd) report; influence of manganese, iron, lead, cadmium and aluminum to oxidative stress, Parkinsonism and arthritis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21204778
Toxic causes of Parkinson's disease on the Viartis web site: http://viartis.net/parkinsons.disease/Toxic.causes.of.Parkinsons.Disease.pdf
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
Causes > Toxins
Sub Pages:
Cadmium - Copper - Dieldrin - Manganese - Maneb - Mercury - MPTP - n-Hexane - Paraquat - Rotenone - Toluene - Trichloroethylene - Ziram
↑ Chen, HongleiL O'Reilly, Ellis; McCullough, Marjorie L.; Rodriguez, Carman; Schwarzchild, Michael A.; Calle, Eugenia E.; Thu, Michael J. (2007) Am .J. Epidemiol. 2007 May 1; 165(9): 998–1006. Dairy products and risk of Parkinson's disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2232901/?tool=pmcentrez
↑ http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0015251
↑ http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-02-implicates-natural-toxin-triggering-parkinson.html
↑ Cannon, Jason R. and Greenamyre, Timothy J. (2011) Toxicological Sciences 124 (3) 225-2590. "The Role of Environmental Exposures in Neurodegeneration and Neurodegenerative Diseases," http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/124/2/225.long
Retrieved from "https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Progress_and_Prospects_in_Parkinson%27s_Research/Causes/Toxins&oldid=2109196"
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Sonya Deville Weighs in On Lana 038 Liv Morgan Storyline, LGBTQ Representation on WWE TV
1January, 2020Article Views: 26
– Sonya Deville discussed the Lana and Liv Morgan LGBTQ angle from the December 30th episode of Raw in a new interview with Bleacher Report. Deville is of course the first openly lesbian member of the WWE roster and weighed in on how that storyline might affect the angle she and Mandy Rose pitched to WWE last year. Highlights are below:
On the Liv Morgan and Lana storyline: "I mean, at the end of the day, we work for a sports-entertainment company, and the segment was very entertaining. That's not to say Mandy and I don't get our storyline in the future. You know, there's room for plenty of LGBTQ storylines."
On what has to change to provide a more inclusive product: "I've been working hard over the past two-and-a-half years since I've been on Raw and SmackDown with executives and GLAAD and organizations in trying to do exactly that. I think it's very important to have representation of every human there is, right? Just like you would see on a TV show or a movie in Hollywood. That's something that's personally important to me and the company as a whole. There's definitely talks going on about more representation in the years to come. I'll definitely make it my personal duty and passion to help pursue those."
On being in Total Divas: "Yeah, when I got the call for Divas, I was immediately excited, but I was like, 'Oh, God.' It's a certain level of confidence and balls to put yourself out there. You're not putting a character out thereyou're putting your real personality out there. But I just have to say, I didn't think twice about it. This was definitely something I wanted to do. I think one of the most important things in WWE is to relate to your fans. They want to know who you are, what you stand for, what your voice is. So, if you don't get that across in the ring, Total Divas is this new opportunity to do that, to relate to them. I was like, 'Hell yeah, let's do this!' You know, when you're first filming, it's nerve-wracking to let that wall down and really let them in, but I think with any successful reality show, I think the most successful people on them are the ones that are most honest. So, I kept that in mind, and I feel like I was able to kind of relax a couple of episodes in. It was a great opportunity, and I'd really like to do it again."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I messed up the other photos - here's the one I managed to salvage of the lunatic Luny (aka Tommy).
What a sweet looking face.. and all "Tri"!!!!!!
He is beautiful. What is his registered name?
A gorgeous tri boy! Luny is a good name for a tri!
Luny is so adorably handsome! He looks very content putting claim on his bed. Congratulations taking in a new family member.
I finally got all Luny's information and looked up his pedigree.
His registered name is Sonbar's Customized Color (from Bedlam Boogywoogy Bugle Boy and Sonbar's Brite Velvetslippers. There's 2 unknown africans only 5 generations back (through Avongara Zamee) and several from the Serengeti group. I didn't recognize any of the other recent names.
Luny (aka Tommy) is an AKC Show Champion, an AFSA Field Champion and Lure Courser of Merit, a Large Gazehound Racing Champion, the first male second basenji to be Superior Gazehound Racing Champion, and was also a Junior Oval Racer. Wow what a background - I'm humbled that he agree to come home with me.
He's also settling in more and more. Last night he jumped up on the couch to snuggle next to me and today he hardly complained when I crated him before I left for work (of course I had just tossed in the treat-filled kong). Now he's over in the corner tossing an old squeeky ball.
Sounds like its all going well.
I am so happy for you and for him.
Oh, he is just lovely - what a wonderful face. And like Pat said: sounds lke a match made in heaven! Lucky you - lucky Luny (cute name).


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Director sentenced after worker dies
Posted on August 4, 2015 by Georgia
A company director was sentenced today after a trench collapse which killed a young father on only his second day at work for his company.
Callum Osborne, 24, died when a trench he was digging in Bridgefield Road, Whitstable collapsed in on him.
At the time of his death on the 7th April 2011, Mr Osborne, whose partner was eight months pregnant, had been working for Cooper Services Ltd and its director Wayne Cooper for just two days.
During the prosecution of Wayne Cooper, Canterbury Crown Court heard Coopers Services Ltd had been employed by a domestic client to connect new build bungalows to mains drainage, water and gas supplies.
Access to the site was along a narrow driveway and Wayne Cooper started the work on 29th March to dig a trench for gas and water which was back filled by 1st April.
Work was then started on the drainage – a few feet from the previously dug trench and by 4th April a manhole chamber was prepared at the entrance to the drive. This work was done by Coopers Services Ltd workers and over the next two days manholes and trenches were prepared around the bungalows.
On 7th April, Mr Osborne was acting as a banksman and taking measurements of trench depth while a colleague was digging the main trench down the centre of the driveway for the drainage pipes and banking soil either side of the trench.
During the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) prosecution the court heard that Wayne Cooper arrived on site late morning and took over operation of the digger. At around 12.30pm there was a delivery of shingle, then shouting was heard and it became apparent Mr Osborne had been buried in the trench in front of the digger. Emergency services attempted to save Mr Osborne but he was pronounced dead at the scene.
The HSE investigation found that the drive was about three metres wide. The material excavated from the trench had been piled up alongside each side of the trench which had no means of support to prevent collapse and no barriers or edge protection to prevent falls into the trench.
Wayne Peter Cooper, 40, director of Coopers Services Limited (Coopers Services Ltd is now dissolved) of Watchester Farm Cottages, Ramsgate, Kent pleaded guilty to breaches of Regulation 31 (1) (a, b and c) and 31 (2) of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007.
He was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment, suspended for two years. He was also fined £75,000. If the fine is not paid with two years, Mr Cooper faces 18 months imprisonment. Prosecution costs of £25,000 were awarded against him.
← Danger of Asbestos fibres !
A charity shop refused donation of baby bath →


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Als Brownout bezeichnet man in der Luftfahrt eine Einschränkung der Sichtverhältnisse durch Staub oder Sand, der durch die nach unten gerichtete Luftströmung (Downwash) von Luftfahrzeugen aufgewirbelt wird. Die Sichtweite und dadurch die Möglichkeit zur Orientierung nach Sicht kann derart gemindert werden, dass die sichere Führung des Luftfahrzeuges alleine durch die Sicht nach außen nicht mehr möglich ist.

Beschreibung
Die maßgeblichen Faktoren für die Entstehung und Intensität eines Brownouts sind das Gewicht des Luftfahrzeuges, Antriebs- und Rotorauslegung/-design, die Bodenbeschaffenheit der Landezone, Wind, Anfluggeschwindigkeit und -winkel. Klassische Hubschrauber mit Einrotorauslegung sind stärker betroffen als Tandemauslegungen. Je kleiner die aufgewirbelten Teilchen, desto stärker ist der Effekt. Dies trifft insbesondere für den puderartigen Staub zu, der häufig die Erde Südwestasiens bedeckt.
Während eines Brownouts kann der Pilot keine Objekte in der Nähe wahrnehmen, die er als Referenzpunkte für die Kontrolle über den bodennahen Flug benötigt.
Bei einer Landung unter Sichtflug entstehen durch Brownouts erhebliche Gefahren für das Luftfahrzeug. Ohne Orientierung über seine Fluglage und -höhe läuft der Pilot Gefahr, durch eine scheinbare Schräglage oder ein tatsächliches Abkippen des Luftfahrzeuges falsch zu reagieren und somit einen Unfall herbeizuführen.
Intensiv blendende Staubwolken, die durch den Rotorabwind eines Hubschraubers verursacht werden, bergen durch die Gefahr von Kollisionen aufgrund mangelnder Sicht auch Risiken für Bodenpersonal und Bodenstationen.

Verstärkung des Brownout-Effekts

Bei Nachtlandungen können Flugzeug- und Flugplatzbeleuchtungen den visuellen Eindruck des Brownouts verstärken.

Kopp-Etchells-Effekt
Nachts kann es zu einem seit 2009 als "Kopp-Etchells-Effekt" bezeichneten Lichteffekt kommen. Er entsteht an Landeplätzen mit niedriger Luftfeuchtigkeit und ungebundenem feinem Gesteinsstaub. Kleine mineralische Partikel schlagen dabei auf die Vorderkanten der Rotorblätter und erzeugen kleine Funken. Beobachter vermuten des Weiteren gelegentliche statische Entladungen im Funkenflug. Dadurch entsteht ein scheibenförmig funkelndes Glühen in der Rotorebene. Durch diesen Vorgang kann der Rotor mechanisch beschädigt werden (abrasiver Verschleiß).

Der Begriff wurde vom US-amerikanischen Reporter und Fotografen Michel Yon geprägt. Er wollte damit den US-Soldaten Benjamin Stephen Kopp (1988–2009) der United States Army und Corporal Joseph Etchells (1987–2009) der British Army ehren, die beide in der Provinz Helmand in Afghanistan starben.

Zwischenfälle durch Brownouts
Bei US-Militäroperationen zwischen 2001 und 2007 kam es zu mehr als 50 Brownout-Zwischenfällen. Nach Angaben von Militärexperten führte Brownout zu mehr Hubschrauberabstürzen als alle anderen Absturzursachen zusammengefasst.

Insgesamt entstanden dem US-Militär während des Irak- und Afghanistan-Kriegs jährlich Kosten von etwa 100 Millionen US-Dollar allein durch Brownouts.

Da die meisten Brownout-Zwischenfälle in Bodennähe und bei niedriger Geschwindigkeit stattfinden, gibt es im Vergleich zu anderen Flugunfällen eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Überlebenschance. Trotzdem zeigt zum Beispiel der Absturz einer in Afghanistan verunglückten Bell CH-146 Griffon der kanadischen Luftstreitkräfte, bei dem drei der sechs Insassen ums Leben kamen, die Gefahr von Brownouts.

Technische Hilfsmittel und Gegenmaßnahmen
Erfolgversprechende Maßnahmen gegen die Risiken von Brownout sind nach Expertenmeinung eine Kombination von fortschrittlicher technischer Ausrüstung, Planungstechnik und Pilotenausbildung.

Bei neueren Hubschraubermodellen wie etwa der AgustaWestland AW101 führt die verbesserte Aerodynamik der Rotorblätter durch schaufelförmige Enden zu einer Reduzierung der Gefahr eines Brownouts.
Die Sensorgestützte Landehilfe (kurz SeLa) führt ebenfalls zu einer technischen Verbesserung für Landungen bei Brownout-Bedingungen. Das von ESG mit Unterstützung von EADS und der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft entwickelte System besteht aus zwei Kameras unter dem Rumpf, zwei Radarhöhenmessern, einem GPS-Empfänger, einer Erdmagnetfeldsonde und einem Kreiselsystem zur Erfassung der Lageabweichung des Hubschraubers. Das System ermöglicht es dem Piloten, unabhängig von den Außenbedingungen bis zum Aufsetzen sicher zu steuern. Auch unter Whiteout-Bedingungen funktioniert das System in gleichem Maße. SeLa wurde primär für den Einsatz in den CH53 der deutschen Luftwaffe entwickelt.

Durch entsprechende Präparation der Landezone können die Gefahren eines Brownouts reduziert werden. Auch kann bei größeren Maschinen wie z. B. der CH53 der Pilot bei der Landung durch den Bordwart unterstützt werden. Dieser liegt dabei auf der geöffneten Heckrampe und sagt dem Piloten via Bordfunk die letzten Meter vor dem Aufsetzen an. Es kann jedoch zu Situationen kommen, in denen auch der Bordwart die Landezone nicht ausreichend beurteilen kann. Dies führt im günstigsten Fall zu einem Landeabbruchmanöver.

Die Ausbildung der Piloten wird unter anderem durch Trainingsflüge unter simulierten Brownout-Bedingungen absolviert. Dies kann beispielsweise bei Nachtlandungen mit Nachtsichtgerät erfolgen, wobei der Fluglehrer die Stromversorgung der Nachtsichtbrille des auszubildenden Piloten kurz vor dem Aufsetzen unterbricht.

Siehe auch
 Blackout
 Whiteout
 Greyout
 Redout

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Flugsicherheit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Task 1: Brainstorm: friendship – what's so wonderful? When do friendships start? What makes them last? What makes a good friend?
a) A poem or a story about an hilarious moment you spent with a friend. What happened?
b) Your best friend at school. . .
c) A friendship changes forever. . .
Exercise from Lisa Fulthorpe, our Creative Writing tutor. Lisa is a freelance writer who has written for television, (C4′s Smack The Pony – 1998 & BBC1 Doctors -2008) radio and film. She was a runner up in the BBC talent award (2003) and was a script reader for the Film Council amongst others. She has also been a Theatre Critic for London's What's On Magazine. She is co-founder of Scriptease, a script development group based in Brighton.


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NATO's Slow Genocide in Libya: Syria is Next
What the world has to look forward to if NATO and the UN gets its way in Syria.
April 19, 2012 - While Qatari government propaganda outlet Al Jazeera is busy whitewashing the NATO-led terrorist take-over of Libya with "documentaries" like "Gaddafi: The Endgame - State of Denial," depicting the evisceration of one of Africa's most developed nation-states as a pro-democracy revolution yielding a promising tomorrow - Libya in reality has been plunged into perpetual violence, destabilization, and division. And as militants battle each other while carving the once unified Libya into a myriad of fiefdoms, genocidal death squads continue a campaign of extermination nationwide.
Image: The people of Tawargha are Libyans and have been Libyan for generations, settling there from sub-Saharan Africa. They have been brutally persecuted by the NATO-armed terrorists now running Libya. In Syria, expect these to be Alawite, Christian, and secular faces.
One group of Libyans hit hardest are the people of Tawargha - who were either exterminated or exiled from their city of 10,000-30,000 during the NATO-led destruction of Libya last year. Since then, their refugee camps have been raided, and survivors who have not yet fled Libya are being systematically imprisoned, tortured, and murdered.
Now, the very network of corporate-funded and directed NGOs charged with "human rights advocacy," who assisted the Libyan rebels in willfully lying to the world over violations of "human rights" in the lead up to NATO's military intervention, are finally reporting the widespread atrocities being carried out by the rebels themselves. In fact, organizations like Human Rights Watch (HRW) and Amnesty International, both funded by convicted criminal and Wall Street speculator, George Soros, began reporting such atrocities back in 2011, but only long after NATO bombs were already falling on Libya and the process of "regime change" was already irreversible. And, at critical junctures, such as the sieges of Bani Walid and Sirte, where NATO itself was committing systematic war crimes by air in tandem with terrorist forces on the ground - organizations like HRW and Amnesty International were altogether mute.
Image: The desolate Libyan city of Sirte after NATO's months-long siege - the tragic aftermath of a UN-sanctioned "humanitarian war." Not a word regarding NATO's blockade and bombardment of these cities has been mentioned by either HRW or Amnesty International in any terms resembling the rhetoric they used to justify NATO's intervention in March of 2011.
Now though, with Syria next on the chopping block, many around the world are looking at the "progress" made in Libya to see if the UN and NATO's proposal for military intervention is justified, warranted, or feasible. What they see is a patchwork of terrorist regimes butchering people systematically, infighting, making duplicitous, self-serving deals with foreign firms and otherwise running the nation into the ground.
Amnesty International, a full-year too late, has published a report titled, "Libya: NTC must investigate death of another Tawargha man under torture," in regards to the latest case in the NTC's systematic genocide of the people of Tawargha - a city now rendered a "ghost town." HRW had published a report last week titled, "Libya: Wake-Up Call to Misrata's Leaders," also regarding the systematic genocide of the people of Tawargha. Ironically, both Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International are giving all inquiring minds a look behind the curtain as to how exactly they are distorting other conflicts - including Syria today.
From the Beginning, Libyan Rebels were Known War Criminals
Long before the first NATO bombs dropped on Libya, genuine geopolitical analysts including Dr. Webster Tarpley of Tarpley.net, noted that the Libyan "rebels" were in fact notoriously brutal racists and led by militias belonging to a listed international terrorist organization responsible for violence not only in Libya, but in Afghanistan and Iraq. On March 1, 2011 Dr. Tarpley spoke on the Alex Jones show warning that Libyan rebels were lynching black Libyans, hailed from Al Qaeda, and that the overall agenda of destabilizing and possibly intervening militarily across the Arab World was to implement "chaos, civil war, and the division of countries," along with the installation of weak puppet-regimes.
Just days after NATO began its military operations against Libya in mid-March of 2011, Dr. Tarpley confirmed that the Libyan rebels were led by the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), claimed by West Point's Combating Terrorism Center (CTC) to have been involved in fighting Western troops in both Afghanistan and Iraq before returning to Libya to then be armed, trained, and led by Western forces in the overthrowing of Muammar Qaddafi.
During the initial phases of NATO's intervention, HRW and Amnesty International were complicit in covering these facts up and instead focused on lending legitimacy to the now confirmed lies of the NTC regarding human rights abuses perpetrated against them by the Libyan government. It wasn't until July of 2011 that HRW would admit that Libyan rebels were carrying out systematic abuses of their own, and even then they were whitewashed and excused. And while Human Rights Watch now admits that what the Libyan NTC is doing to the Tawargha people amounts to "crimes against humanity," they could have just as easily drawn such conclusions backed with ample evidence before NATO intervened militarily and rendered moot the entire "humanitarian" "responsibility to protect" doctrine the entire war was disingenuously based on.
In retrospect, we are meant to believe these organizations simply made a mistake and could not have possibly known the rebels would turn out to be worse human rights violators than those they sought to replace.
HRW & Amnesty Repeating "Mistakes" in Syria, No Mistake
That HRW and Amnesty International appear to be making the exact same mistakes in Syria, even as they finally admit the crimes of the "pro-democracy" rebels in Libya a year later and tens of thousands of lives too late, is certainly no mistake. This is exactly the purpose both organizations are meant to serve along with a myriad of other faux-NGOs - to lend legitimacy to both the Syrian terrorists and the governments of the West arming and directing them as they carry out what is essentially a campaign of foreign military conquest.
The first admissions of Syrian rebels committing atrocities have likewise come a full-year after unrest was triggered in 2011. Human Rights Watch admitted in their report, "Syria: Armed Opposition Groups Committing Abuses," that Syrian rebels are kidnapping, torturing, and executing people, many of whom have been confirmed to be civilians. Again, geopolitical analysts have stated since the unrest began in 2011 that Syria's opposition likewise represented not genuine "pro-democratic" forces, but rather proxies for foreign interests, many linked to extremist groups including Al Qaeda, and with Libya's LIFG commander Abdul Hakim Belhaj literally pledging cash, weapons, and men to the Syrian rebels' and NATO's cause.
Indeed, Syria is destined not for a stable democratic-tomorrow, but rather the same division, destruction, chaos, and genocide now rampant across Libya, where self-serving traitors simultaneously sell their nation out from under its people while eliminating their competition through violence and terrorism. As NATO and the UN attempt to court Syria's ruling business and government cliques, it would be wise for Syrians to look at Libya as an example of just how much worse it can get and the necessity to remain unified against what has been planned from the very beginning to be the end of Syria.
That the West's war machine extends not only around the world in the form of vast military assets, but with an immense media infrastructure to propagate their agenda, and a gargantuan network of NGOs funded and directed to subvert every form of national institution should be a big enough clue for stake-holders within besieged nation-states that the West has neither the need nor the desire to "share" once they prevail.
Stand United, or Fall Divided: Basic Game Theory
Strategists in the West approach each targeted nation, including Libya and now Syria, employing a form of game theory assuming that those they interact with, friend and foe alike, "play" using the dominant strategy - meaning, each "player" picks the best strategy resulting in the maximum benefit for themselves only, regardless of how other "players" play. This means that the West approaches two opposition factions in any given nation, makes their intentions of moving in known, and offers each the chance to defect. Defectors are given calculated benefits and losses, while their opposition will be eliminated entirely. While in reality, both factions stand the most to gain if they thwart the vastly superior West from plundering their nation, neither considers this an option because of a combination of intellectual flaws, thus both will lose more, even under the most favorable outcomes.
The West specifically targets and favors those faction with the most flaws in character, intellect, motivation etc., as in any conflict, those ruled by emotions and irrational methodology are infinitely easier to manipulate.
In Libya, had the rebels of Cyrenaica worked with Qaddafi to expel foreign encroachment and worked to divide an intact and unified Libya's wealth amongst themselves, they would have both vastly benefited more than even the sole victors are now. Instead, the West was able to prey on the arrogance, ideology, animosity, ignorance, and prejudices of both factions, wearing both down, dividing the remaining victor, and will, in time, eventually even eliminate them altogether. The same can be seen playing out in the perpetually divided Iraq and the same will certainly happen in Syria.
The age old axiom of standing united, or falling divided, is just as relevant today as ever. Understanding the true fault-lines running through humanity, between the global corporate-financier oligarchy and everyone else, and disallowing artificial fault-lines to be imposed upon us allows us to stand united against our true enemies and prevail. The moment we begin fighting amongst ourselves, regardless of who prevails, we all ultimately lose.
Labels: 4GWarfare, color revolutions, Libya, middle east, Syria


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Buildings, WWI, WWII and other Wars
The house named as Coldhayes in Steep Marsh was built in 1869 for Revd George Horsley Palmer, brother of the First Earl of Selborne. By the onset of WWI the house had passed to Augusta Hannay, widow of Ormelie Hannay, the adopted son of the Horsley Palmers. Perhaps because of the family military background, Augusta Hannay offered Coldhayes for use as a Red Cross auxiliary hospital for returning wounded troops at the start of WWI. It opened in December 1914 with twenty one beds for non-commissioned officers and other ranks. Lady Kelly, the wife of Lt Gen. Sir William Kelly of Bushey Hill, Steep, organised volunteers from Steep, Froxfield, Langrish to help there as VAD nurses.
By Christmas 1914 there were ten English and ten Belgian soldiers recovering at Coldhayes. By January 1915 there were forty patients. Football matches were arranged between patients and locals, outings by car were organised for them. Patients also took part in a theatrical production, a concert, and a recital. Fetes and fundraising activities took place. Annie Oakley, maternal grandmother of Claire and Nisa, of the Harrow Inn, Steep worked as a ward maid at Coldhayes for most of WWI.
Coldhayes was the longest serving auxiliary hospital in the Petersfield area, only closing in December 1918, by which time it had cared for 614 patients. Mrs Hannay was given a commemorative certificate, signed by Winston Churchill, to acknowledge the work done there. It still remains in the house today. Mrs Hannay continued to live in the house until it was sold to the Blacker family in 1939. Coldhayes is now a Grade II* Listed Building and remains a family home.
Information above from the book: 'Hospitals of the Petersfield Union 1914 – 1919' by local author Bill Gosney, available at Petersfield Museum.
The images are courtesy of the Harrow Collection
Coldhayes hospital ward
Patients relax in the Drawing Room of Coldhayes WWI
Coldhayes hospital personnel and soldiers
Patients at Coldhayes in theatrical costume
For more information about the house Coldhayes, its architecture, gardens and former inhabitants, please see the book: 'Buildings, Gardens and Monuments in Steep. available through this website.
All Saints' church. Steep
Lutcombe Cottage


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Harry Styles Covers Up "I Can't Change" Ink With Cool Anchor Tattoo!
By Meghan Mabey | On January 13, 2014
Harry Styles used to sport an "I can't change" tattoo on his left wrist, but the One Direction singer just got a new anchor tattoo and proved that he can change..his choice of tattoos at least! In a recent picture that was posted online of Harry posing with a fan, you can see that the pop star has covered up his odd "I can't change" wrist tattoo with a pretty large tattoo of a Popeye-style anchor. With this new tattoo cover-up, we are hoping that Harry may finally be getting over his obsession with random tattoo phrases, and we are looking forward to seeing what other tats the singer may give the ax to in the future. Perhaps "Might as well"or "Can I stay," Harry??
Harry's anchor tattoo is inked in black and white and is located on the lower part of his left wrist, near his small padlock tattoo, with the tip of the anchor pointing towards his hand. If he had made the anchor tat slightly bigger, he could have also covered up the tiny padlock tattoo Ed Sheeran inked on Harry's wrist, which the singer says is "crap." Since Harry has said in the past that he regrets the padlock tat, among other ink he has acquired in the past couple of years, we think there could be another tattoo cover-up in Harry Styles' future. Perhaps he's even planning a sleeve for his left arm…
This is the second nautical-themed tattoo Harry has had inked on his left arm, following the giant ship he had done back in December 2012 with then-girlfriend Taylor Swift by his side. The ship tat sparked rumors that it was inspired by his love for Taylor, but Harry insisted that the ink actually represented home and his family. At the time he got the ship tat done, Harry's tattoo artist said, "He wanted a realistic looking English ship, because he misses home and needs to remind himself that he's homeward bound." Although an anchor is also a nautical symbol, the image typically represents staying put rather than sailing away.
It's been almost a three-month lull since Harry Styles has gotten inked, and his new anchor tattoo comes amid rumors that the singer is dating Kim Kardashian's little sister, Kendall Jenner. The two were spotted ringing in the new year with a ski/snowboard trip to Mammoth Lakes in California, and Harry has apparently planned a series of romantic dates for 2014. Is it a coincidence that Harry has traded in his "I can't change" tat for an anchor tattoo – a symbol of a safe port – while dating new flame Kendall Jenner? We think not!


Others receiving votes: Phelps 17. Russellville 15. Williamsburg 15. Fulton County (1) 12. Bellevue 7. Holy Cross 4. Paris 3. Eminence 3. Pineville 2.
Others receiving votes: Newport 22. Washington County 13. Hancock County 5. Ballard Memorial 5. Todd County Central 4. McLean County 4. Shelby Valley 2. Clinton County 2. Murray 1.
Others receiving votes: Bath County12. Union County 10. LaRue County 8. Elizabethtown 7. Western Hills 7. Waggener 6. Powell County 5. Bardstown 1.
Others receiving votes: East Carter 23. Taylor County 23. Madisonville-North Hopkins 13. John Hardin 10. Bourbon County 9. Rowan County 8. Boyd County 6. Franklin County 4. Rockcastle County 4. West Jessamine 3. Collins 2. Warren East 2. Scott 1.
Others receiving votes: South Oldham 34. Christian County 18. Bullitt Central 16. Grayson County 9. Fern Creek 8. South Laurel 8. Lincoln County 3. Graves County 3. North Bullitt 2. Madison Southern 1.
Others receiving votes: Pleasure Ridge Park 15. North Hardin 13. Daviess County 11. Campbell County 10. Ballard 7. Jeffersontown 5. Meade County 5. Clark County 4. Conner 3. Central Hardin 3. Ryle 3. Tates Creek 2.
All Associated Press members in Kentucky are eligible to participate in the high school football poll. Those who voted for this week's poll are: The Daily Independent, Ashland; Daily News, Bowling Green; Kentucky Enquirer, Cincinnati; Times-Tribune, Corbin; The News-Enterprise, Elizabethtown; KPG Football; KYGI; Daily Enterprise, Harlan; The Gleaner, Henderson; Kentucky New Era, Hopkinsville; Lexington Herald-Leader, Lexington; The Courier-Journal, Louisville; The Ledger Independent, Maysville; Owensboro Messenger-Inquirer, Owensboro; The Paducah Sun, Paducah; Times Leader Princeton, Princeton; WDKY, Lexington; WKYX, Paducah; WSON, Henderson.


"Christ at the center of all things"
Another big part of the goal at Circle C Ranch is to help individuals, ministries, and organizations accomplish their calling and help them impact people in our community and world! This equation looks like this!
This may include hosting an event for a charity or ministry. It could be a fair with food vendors, artists, musicians, and community programs. Perhaps a business that comes alongside Circle C Ranch or individuals working in areas of passion and strength. We are open to discussion and coming up with win/win opportunities to make a greater impact!
These links are available for more information.


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[ You are here: Grand Chapiteau | Creations | Luna Petunia | Personages ]
Luna Petunia
Ep 01 | Ep 02
In the development of the show's characters, Jacques Méthé says a number of Cirque artists were called on for creative input. "A bunch of them [were] involved and have produced all sorts of elements that [went into their development]", he said.
The narrative begins at Luna's birthday party. After her friends leave, she receives a special gift from her mischievous aunt Zuzu—a mysterious box adorned with a petunia and filled with unusual toy characters. The box is also inscribed with the phrase, "Make the impossible possible today…feel your heart, touch your mind, and swirl away!" When Luna speaks the words, she is magically transported to the world of Amazia, where the toy characters from the box come to life
and accompany her on wondrous adventures.
The series follows the adventures of a bubbly, headstrong six-year-old girl, Luna, who lives in the real world, but plays in a dreamland where she learns to make the impossible possible. (Her name is derived from the petunia on her headband.) With her adventurous spirit, Luna will try anything at least once. She is a curious, optimistic girl who always encourages her friends to see their own potential.
Sammy Stretch
A Steampunk-esque accordion-limbed character appearing to resemble Microcosmos and Nico from Kurios, fused with Rodrigue from Varekai (lightbulb on the head, under his hat). Sammy is tall and helpful, and he loves to be the center of attention. He's fluent in gibberish (Cirqueish), likes to sing along to his own accordion music, and enjoys riddles and jokes.
Bibi Bubbles
Superficially resembling Clara from Kurios, she is vaguely absent minded, and has a little bit of a muddled, confused personality. She can travel by bubble, and they come pouring out her ears when she thinks (IF it suits the plot...). She is timid and scared of heights and new things. She is very knowledgeable about Amazia, but sometimes the facts come out muddled or just plain wrong.
The "preschooler" of the group, Karoo is a kangaroo/koala hybrid. Originally he was supposed to have a kangaroo tail and springs for legs (and be named Koalaroo), but presumably tweaks to the storyboards resulted in Karoo with no tail, somewhat artificial-looking legs that do not seem to match his body, an overall koala-like appearance, a kangaroo pouch, and meltingly huge eyes. He speaks somewhat incomplete, toddler-ese English in the third person ("Luna love Karoo? Karoo love Luna!"). He's tactile, kinetic, and bouncy - figuratively and literally ("It's bouncy- bouncy-boing-boing-time!") He's super affectionate and loves to "huggle" everybody.
{Luna Petunia}
{Sammy Stretch}
{Bibi Bubbles}
{Karoo}