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Q: Node.js - GCP - Cloud Functions - VM disk snapshot across all regions and VMs I would like to use GCP serverless - Cloud Functions to backup the VM disks across all regions,
Basically - I want to backup all the VM disks with time-stamped snapshot name like snapshot-vm_name-timestamp
any backup older than 14 days, delete it. So that this is self serve function.
The documentation sucks and is of not much help. This is how far i could get
exports.run_process = (req, res) => {
  let message = req.query.message || req.body.message || 'Hello World!';

  console.log(message);

  const Compute = require(`@google-cloud/compute`);
  const compute = new Compute();
  const zone = compute.zone('us-east1-b');

  zone.getDisks(function(err, disks) {
    // `disks` is an array of `Disk` objects.
    disks.map(disk => {
      console.log(disk);
    });
  });

  res.status(200).send(message);
};

any help or advice is much appreciated.
reference link : https://cloud.google.com/nodejs/docs/reference/compute/0.10.x/Zone

A: There is an error in your code. Where you are using the const Compute = require(@google-cloud/compute); statement. Instead of " ` " you have to use " ' ". Also, remember to use the library you need to add dependencies. Your package.json should look like this:
{
    "name": "sample-http",
    "version": "0.0.1",
    "dependencies": {
    "google-cloud": "^0.58.2",
    "@google-cloud/compute": "^0.10.0"
    }
 }

Continuing forward, the next steps should look similar to the following:

*

*Use the code in the Snapshot Documentation to load all the available snapshots. Use the same logic as you did where getting the disks

*Get the snapshot's creationTimeStamp and calculate the difference in days

*Create a variable that will get  the current date in "DD-MM-YYYY" format var datetime = new Date().toLocaleDateString(); to use this as suffix for your new snapshots

*Use this method new_snapshot_name = new_snapshot_name.replace(/\//g, '-'); to replace all / with - to match regex '(?:[a-z](?:[-a-z0-9]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?)'

*Use the getDisk(...) method to list all the disks and create snapshots of them
I did a little bit of coding and it worked for me. The function does everything you described in your question. You can find my code example in GitHub


Whole Virginia leaves used as the wrapper and filler are combined with a center of dark-fired Kentucky, and are then rolled into ropes and cut into coins. The coins are slightly aromatic and medium to full in strength.
I'd almost swear this is a MacBaren blend. There's a familiar note of honey that plays well with the citrusy, grassy Virginia. The dark fired Kentucky is spicy and a little woodsy with a bare hint of nutmeg. Reminds me very much of Dark Twist without the earthy notes. The coins are just loose enough to stack and smoke without many relights, which I prefer to unraveling. It seemed to have just a little less spice at the finish, but that could just be my getting used to it. The nic-hit is mild to medium, closer to mild than it is to medium. Not a complex product, and if you're sensitive to spicy bends, you risk getting a little tongue bite if you puff too fast. Puffed at a slow to moderate pace, you'll be rewarded with an easy smoking experience and probably have little moisture at the finish. I expect this will age well, too.
I love when someone sends me something and I just end up loving it. Such is the case with Newminster Superior Round Sliced. I had sent a forum friend some Motzek Strang. Upon trying it, he commented that he thought it to be identical to Newminster. He is a relative new piper and sent me some so I could make my own comparison.
My first thoughts were that the coins were quite similar in appearance. I smoked a bowl of the Newminster and found it to be a little heavier on the burley or dark fired side. Giving more of the nutty sweetness that one would expect from that leaf. The blend is quite sweet and I am not sure if that is the interplay of the Virginia and the burley or if there is a bit of topping put into the center. The Strang also has that sweetness, but a bit more reserved and is accentuated by a good amount of spice from the perique. Where I could taste the spice in both I found it to be bolder in the Strang.
Overall, I am really splitting hairs as these differences were not that stark. Overall, I would say he was not wrong in that the two are very similar and are both very good. I would still give my preference to the German Motzek Strang, but could easily use this to scratch that itch.
I gave four stars to Strang and will do the same with this one. It is great, it is available and relatively inexpensive, particularly when compared to Strang.
Summary: Spicing up a Virginia/Perique mix with Perique produces a flavor not unlike oatmeal with raisins, sweet and fruity with a slight zing, but no real direction.
The Virginia/Perique blend ("VaPer") genre has been with us for many years and waxes and wanes in popularity. It exists because the grassy and grain flavors of sweet Virginia are by themselves a bit pale and uniform, and mixing in the pepperfig note of Perique gives them some depth. The problem is that this depth occurs entirely on the sweet spectrum, so people throw in other ingredients -- Burley, Dark Fired Kentucky, Cavendish or the remaining ingredients of an English blend -- to space out the harmony. Newminster "No. 403 Superior Round Slices" adds Dark-Fired Kentucky in a curly cut that is most notable for its adorable little coins.
Together the Virginia, Perique and Kentucky create almost a floral scent, with the faint soapiness of the smoke-cured leaf blending with the nectar sweetness of Virginia and the tangy fruit of the low amounts of Perique found here. It is like a flower for those who inhale the smoke; this blend rewards slow sipping or it will hiss and bite like a cornered alleycat, giving off a combination of fruit and bitter tastes that resembles lemon with a dash of coriander. Once lit, if allowed to breathe and then taken in slow, infrequent and measured doses, it produces a sugar smoke with floral and slightly nutty overtones. For those who want a pipe going all day like a sweet treat to take their mind off the task at hand every thirty seconds or so, this tobacco might be perfect, but in that role the blend serves as a concealing flavoring for leaf sugars more than a flavor of tobacco directly.
Those of you who, like me, find most VaPers boring will note that this blend rises above the most basic blends, but also that it does not achieve what more complex or even monochromatic blends can, which is a qualitative depth of flavor instead of a quantity of competing flavors producing a piquant effect. For that reason, it is hard to recommend this tobacco unless you want a slightly flavored sweet smoke to sip like a soft drink, which sounds like hell to me.
I really like this blend. Straightforward and very flavorful. Love the burn qualties and aroma. I smoke my favorite blends on saddlebit half bends and this is one of those on my regular rotation. It will bite when provoked but then again,im a slow puffer,2 coins and I'm off for a good hour or more smoke.
A solid value in a bulk tobacco. I like this blend quite a bit. Comparisons to Mac Baren's Dark Twist Roll Cake are appropriate, as are comparisons to Stockton for that matter. Actually I find Superior Round Slices to be somewhere in between these two venerable roll cake blends. It's just as spicy as Stockton, but it lacks Stockton's earthy flavor profile. It's slightly sweeter and a bit more rich than Dark Twist Roll Cake, but it's also more rugged and lacks Dark Twist's delicate nuances.
Altogether this is a fairly fresh tasting blend that happens to be a bit rough around the edges, especially when puffed too hard. Is it perfectly balanced? No. Is it well matured? No. Still, it's a tasty tobacco with some sweet grassy Virginia flavor and a bit of bass and spice from the dark fired core. I am going to jar up several ounces of it and lose it in my cellar for a couple years. I am positive that a little age will yield some mighty fine results. A perfect investment blend.
I can see how these rounds could appeal to those who like basically unflavored straightforward uncomplicated blends. I often like them as well. The rounds pack easily and burn well. For me, however, the blend is slightly bitey, the taste doesn't appeal, and the room note is terrible. For those who like Kentucky/Va's, give them a try, they might appeal to you.
Good natural quality tobacco flavor,no bite,good strength and dirt cheap. No real complexity here but just a good,reliable everyday kind of smoke. It almost warrants a fourth star when taking the ridiculously low price into consideration plus the coins are fun to play with. Enjoy!
Smoking some now as I write. It has good flavor. Reminds me of fishing for trout under rocky outcroppings. How the mind works. Could be an all-dayer. Has more flavor than the cigaretty blends, and more strength than most. Well-rounded. And the wife likes the room note. I'm always looking for a non-aro, some nic kick, and good room note for the wifey, If it smells like a cigarette it's a thumbs down from her. And the aromatics scorch my mouth. Round Slices fit the bill pretty well.
Age When Smoked: Fresh from the pouch, moisture level good.
Similar Blends: Reminds me a little of Dark Birdseye. A little weaker and not as much kick. But definetly more of an all day smoke..
This one rates 4+ stars. On value alone.
My investigations reveal that Superior Round Slices is a genuine Mac Baren spun cut tobacco. At a fraction of the price. It smells good, like Club Blend. The strength is somewhere between Dark Twist and Stockton.
Mrs Plod likes the aroma. I like the dark bits.
I am slow. I am steady. I always get my tobacco.
Similar Blends: Mac Baren - Stockton.
...very nice rolled coins, perfect moisture in the 1 pound bag I purchased, with a pleasant aroma from the bag.
Another solid preformer from Newminster...not overly complex, yet it has character, quality tobaccos, and could serve as an all-day smoke for many.
I admire simplicity. Less is often more when it comes to pipe tobacco for me and this blend nails that adage. This blends requires a bit of...temperance to keep it from biting your tongue. I love this blend in a cob and in my briars that are smallish in diameter and depth...a little of this tobacco goes a long way as the pace in which it needs to be smoked creates the length of the experience, not the amount of tobacco. I like to rub out a single coin and lay it in the bottom with a light tamp. Then I take a few coins and slide them in the bowl edgewise. It takes a few small lights and "rough ups" to the top of the stack to get it to take a light....of which there are numerous because I like to get it going, get a nice mouthful of smoke, snork it out of my nose and let it go out...I guess I kind of play with it rather than smoke it lit from top to bottom. I am rewarded with a cool flavorful smoke, the sweetness of the Virginia (and maybe some honey?) and then the counterpart smoky, spicy dark fired burly as well....much more complex in flavor than one would expect considering the sum of its parts. The room note to me is kind of sweet and unapologetically tobacco....perfection for me and a blend I have several pounds of in my cellar that are broken down into pint jars for aging....love this stuff!
Similar Blends: MacBaren coin blends (Stockton, DarkTwist).
This is the modern incarnation of Three Nuns on the cheap. At roughly a third the price of the premium, Newminster's Superior Round Slices offers the familiar blend, curly cut and all, of Virginias and Kentucky at a sharp discount. The flavor is a little spicy, robust, and Virginia forward. A bit harsher than Three Nuns in its constitution, this is an able substitute, which I would welcome to any smoker wary of Three Nuns' relatively hefty tag.
So, this tobacco represents a change in my pipesmoking paradigm. Let me explain: As with many here, I've been avidly enjoying my pipes and although Ive found many tobaccos that I truly enjoy (as well as those that I dont), I'm still exploring...still throwing a "few more" ounces of this or that onto my online orders just to try different stuff out (some thing like almost 2 dozen C and D blends so far, all of the available gawith ropes and bizarre geranium lakelands flakes etc, etc.)- I probably have a hundred blends in jars and baggies in jars in my cellar at this time along with my "bulk stash" of codger burleys and jarred long term bulk blends.
But I've always been somewhat conservative- even to the point of going out to my car and searching this site prior to buying a tin of something at my local B & M. I feel that I've made responsible choices regarding experimenting- for example- although I appreciate Latakia in certain blends, I'm not a huge fan- being more of a VaBur/ VaPer/ VaTurk kinda guy- so my large scale purchasing has been in accordance with my known tastes.
Recently (in the past few months) I've been ordering larger quantities of the things that I like and can expect to age well (PS Luxury Bullseye flake, PS Cube Cut, PS Navy Flake, C and D Orions Arrow/OJK, G and H Happy Bogie and Sweet Rum twist etc) as well as be somewhat affordable. Also have ordered some multipouch packs of some of the aromatics I enjoy like Skan full aroma, Sail and Troost.But of the bulks, its pound quantities, mind you, for incorporation into my cellar pending what I believe to be an imminent tax increase/governmental demonization of all tobacco products...but I digress. I just can't believe that I'm buying pounds of pipe tobacco at this point to stash away. It sorta blows my mind.
I had never really heard of the "Newminster" brand before, but clicked onto an item description on a website and was confronted with an image of the most gorgeous coin cut tobacco i'd seen in a long time- reminiscent of MacBarens Club Blend or Dark Flake in appearance- just with a few more birdseyes.
So...on the strength of the reviews here and elsewhere on the web I threw all caution to the wind and ordered a pound...for $26.
Yes, $26. cheap. Here where I am it's tough to find a 100g tin of Club Blend for less that $19.00.
I think this is fantastic stuff, and at the pricepoint, it's absolutely wonderful. Is it as refined as one of the other macbaren offerings? No, but it's different too. Reminds me taste-wise of the Orlik Dark Strong Kentucky that you can't seem to find any more, with a sweet virginia added.
I can certainly say that a few more POUNDS of this will be purchased in the next few weeks. I'll see if my old man is as into it as I am and possibly put together a huge order...may possible "splurge" and pick up a pound of their navy flake as it gets some decent reviews as well.
I'm going to play around a little bit with this one too- I think that adding a bit of Mclelland 5100 redcake virginia to this (maybe 10-15%) may do wonderful things for this blend.
I suspect that this one will age and mature well.
Similar Blends: Orlick Dark Strong Kentucky, Macbarens Roll Cake, Macbarens Latakia Blend.
Each slice looks like a Hubbel photograph of a tobacco nougat galaxy with tan and cream stars carried along by swirls of chocolate brown and black earth. The aroma is light, spicy and brisk; it's in your face without being obnoxious but also without any apologies for itself. Dried for 20 minutes and rubbed out into broken slices and shreds. It's a bit deceptive when packed -- you think there's more tobacco down in there than actually is down there. It will also expand when lit, so if you pack it to the very top of your pipe's chamber you should stand by for strands of the tobacco to stand up from your piple like tiny blacksnakes lit on the sidewalk during the Fourth of July.
The taste and aroma are vegetal and lightly astringent. Flavors are primarily pine and hay, with slight hints of black pepper and juniper. Maybe some dark-toasted, yeasty bread toward the end of the bowl, but that's as much umami as you'll get. It's a refreshing smoke, sort of a palate-cleaner with enough flavor to let you know you're smoking tobacco but not enough to overwhelm or indulge your senses. It's pretty strong stuff, too, probably due to the Kentucky. I enjoyed it.
Newminster - No. 403 Superior Round Slices.
The blend has a generic curly cut appearance, think Mac Baren Roll Cake. The colour's a little darker than medium brown, and the moisture's decent. The coins load into the bowl easily; they don't need 'rubbing', I just give them a slight roll between my fingers and stuff them in.
To me, the Kentucky's responsible for the majority of the flavour: smoky, nutty, and rustic. I struggle to get anything from the Virginia: the smoke doesn't have any refreshing grassy or citrusy qualities. Some people note a topping like sweetness, but anything added eludes me; the only extras to me are from the Kentucky's curing process. I also see how bite's an issue for a lot of smokers; not me though, it's amenable in that department!
I find the nicotine a bit above medium, and the room-note non-offensive; I don't love it, and don't hate it.
Similar Blends: MacBaren Latakia Blend.
These Virginias have teeth and they use them. It not only bites my tongue, but it stings my lips. It does calm down some in the second half of the bowl allowing a small amount of enjoyment. It's a shame because the flavors are pretty nice. The toothy Virginias are the star and the Kentucky adds a mild smokiness and depth. Not complicated, but would be a nice smoke if the Virginias could be tamed. If you're one of those people who never gets bit you may really enjoy this.
I really enjoy the idea of coins/medallions for tobacco, they are a nice change from the standard ribbon cuts. Initial tin note of this was nice. I found subtle hints of hay and very faint aroma of dried fruit. The coins are at a perfect humidity for immediate smoke. I find that of all my other coin tobaccos, this one is fine folded and stuffed rather than rubbing out. it takes some effort to stay lit but once tamped a couple times lightly provides a nice mellow smoke. I picked up on the bit of spice and found that slow easy sipping makes for a really enjoyable smoke. This tobacco also seems to like a smaller bowled pipe.
I'm confident that with age this will mature into a beautiful smoke.
I only ordered a 1 oz. sample of this one so I didn't have too much to evaluate. The coins had a good moisture content and were easy to fold and pack as I usually do with flakes. I think the dark fired KY tasted harsh and towards the end of the large bowl, bitter. However it smoked cool and without bite so I don't think I was puffing too strongly. I didn't sense the claimed 'aromatic'. Much prefer PS Luxury Bulls eye Flake.
I did'nt think much of this. Tastes thin and burns a little hot. I'm comparing this to Dunhill and Escudo so it has some tough competition. Also felt that this would improve with more ageing. Light on the nicotine side. I will not be ordering any more.
Easy-going smoke!! Will appeal to the dedicated VAPER audience. Dark-fired Kentucky replaces the Perique here, but not a HUGE difference in the "WAY" that this smokes in comparison to a VAPER. A very pleasant variation on the VAPER theme.
Don't be distracted by the fact that this comes in a plastic baggy with a sticker instead of a tin with a label. This is worthwhile SMOKER and a reasonable value.
NOTE: I did discover some harshness and heat from time-to-time that I believe is due to the rather "raw" nature of the Virginia element.
Gorgeous irregular round-ish coins with specs of birdseye. My sample arrived at the perfect moisture level. I've been folding and stuffing....sorta. Actually, just kinda cramming the individual coins in the bowl until it's full.
The Virginias are at the forefront for me. I believe there's a sweet topping added as well. It's pleasantly sweet. The dark fired Kentucky doesn't jump out with earthy-smokey-meaty, but it does provide a bit of a bass note, and a little spice.
I quite like the flavor. Unfortunately, it seems a little bitey to me. I wish I enjoyed it more than I do, as it is a tremendous value.
What a great value this tobacco is! For those venturing into Kentucky Dark Fired tobaccos, you won't find a better welcome mat. Just enough smoky richness to get an idea of what dark fired is about. The Virginia seems to be aged nicely, lends a nice grassy sweetness that isn't too dissimilar to a non-vinegar McClelland. Very well balanced blend that smokes nicely, with minimal relights. I did notice a distinct oil that was left on the rim of the pipe, something I have rarely seen. The room note is a bit toasty, with a slight aroma of distinct dark fired. I have no problem rating this 4 stars, due to value, price point and ease of preparation.
I've tried a lot of English blends and vapors but this was my first experience with Kentucky. I like the blend a lot but feel it would be best smoked in the colder weather. Can get hot if smoked too fast, found it better to sip. Another winner for Newminster and at a great price. Packs and burns quite well down to a gray ash.
This Dark Fired Tobacco goes to the top of my list as far as this thing goes. When I got my sample and reading some of the Reviews I was kind of prepared Not to like it. Well. Surprise! This cool smoking blend is delicious with its herbaceous smoky flavor. The coins are fun and easy to pack.
Recently I have been smoking more blends with Dark Fired Tobacco - some of my Favorites are HH Old Dark Fired Flake, D&R Ryeback and now this one.
Newminster has done a great job at providing folks with fine tobacco at a great price. Superior Round Slices are no exception. They are flavorful little coins! They are thinly sliced, making them easy to rub out and pack. My order was a bit too dry, so I threw a pouch button in the jar overnight and it brought them up to the right moisture level. After rubbing out a few of the coins and packing them in a Peterson 999, I charred it. The sweetness of the VA's was there. Boom. No time wasted. After the flame catches on, you'll get that dark, heavy flavor from the Kentucky with a nuttiness that really rounds out the entire experience. I am aging some right now to see how much better it gets with time. For right now, they're a damn fine smoke that is simply hard to beat for the price.
While I enjoy the Kentucky spice and strength, this is too monochromatic for me. Tongue-bite comes on fairly quickly and there are faint undertones of sweetness. It doesn't change much unless you count the exacerbating swampiness.
Images evoked include the skeleton of a slow loris on the lakeshore, his empty optic sockets staring blankly into the soul of an half-discarded, eyeless fishing-worm.
I bought a pound bag of this about as soon as it hit the market. The price WAS great, and from the start I thought that if it wasn't stunning by itself, it would mix in well with my own blend of Vaper/Cavendish. It was a bit strong and not dimensional enough alone, but boy, did it ever spice up my blend! I was through nearly half of it when I realized it wasn't what I thought it was- a vaper. No perique! I could swear that when I bought it- perique and black cavendish were listed as ingredients, along with VA., of course. But nope, it's this Dark Fired Kentucky instead of the perique & Cavendish... I'm convinced I didn't buy that listing of ingredients when I purchased my bag. The marketers must have initially sent out an incorrect listing. Ultimately though, it didn't matter that much to me, as mixed in 50-50 with my blend I'd hit pay dirt. But here's my problem- the stuff has gone up in price about 1/3 as much as it was originally. As I was saying, it was a great deal, but that price raise just blew it for me. I can't reconcile the new spendiness. It's just not worth the price when I might just as easily find something else that works as a component, because I don't often smoke it on its own.
Similar Blends: PS Luxury Bullseye, it's said..
Grassy but pleasant, uncomplex. A bit harsh if smoked too fast. Mine was a bit too dry.
The first thing that struck me was the feel. The slices have an odd waxy finish, akin to buying an apple or vegetable from the grocery store with a protective film you need to wash off. Note: the reason for the mild topping rank. It didn't seem to affect anything, but struck me all the same.
The slices are smaller than previous rounds I've tried (e.g. Escudo Navy De Luxe), likely being cut from a tighter roll. They were certainly more interesting to look at, with dozens of tightly spun tobacco tornadoes just like the swirled burls on the grain pattern of the brier I was using. The aroma was pleasing, reminding me of a sweet wood used to make a keepsake chest with some sap/honey coming through, which was a nice change from the barn/hey smell I expected.
Smoked great and was long lasting, likely from the density of the rubbed out pieces. A bit of a sharp finish while smoking, but otherwise a clean nice smoke that was nicotine mild.
I will admit that my buds were somewhat burned out this week from heavy smoking, so I am willing to bet there are a few missed nuances here for you to discover as well.
This evaluation is based on broken up slices rather than whole stuffed slices.
This blend has taste off the bat. There is no waiting for flavors here. The smoke is mellow with an obvious spice flavor. Being in the mood for the spice or not will swing this up or down 1 star.
Newminster - #403 Superior Round Slices.
These coins aren't bad, but I like both the Stokkebye bullseye coins and Escudo better, although such is not really an apples to apples sort of comparison.
These'll bite some if you push just a little, I'd recommend letting them air dry a bit. The bite factor seems to mellow out some once you're into the bowl.
These taste a bit like they were doused with whiskey. Yep whiskey cavendish, that's what it reminds me of. It seems more or less noticeable depending on the bowl. Beyond that, taste is predominantly of the grass / hay virginia type while kentucky stays in the background. Really I don't taste the kentucky much at all but the mouthfeel and added nicotine power tells me that it's there. Not lousy, not impressive. Two firmly.
Picked this up as a free sample from P&C's. Having smoked DNS I thought this would be a good comparison. From the start, this tobacco came off very harsh. I did notice the Perique in the retrohale however the mouth feel was like I had hot sauce in my mouth. Not tongue bite just hot. I did notice grass hay quality to it. Moisture was perfect. I couldn't really taste much more than the aforementioned qualities. I didn't care much for this tobacco and will not order more.
My first experience with a Newminster blend offered me a sharp bite that led me to believe that it was made by Mac Baren, one of the few companies that I often get bit. I was wrong about the maker, which is actually Villiger-Stokkebye, but I thought based on the great appearance of Superior Round that I'd give it another go. SRS appears like rough cut medium size coins of Virginia surrounding a center of dark fired. They are easy to stuff and fold and that is my preferred way to smoke this blend. There is a sweet topping that I would describe as "honey-like." There is some hay from the Virginias with the dark fired adding strength and a little bit of body. From a taste standpoint, the dark fired is more in a supporting role. There is a decent nic hit with SRS although I wouldn't call it a strong blend. I didn't experience any bite this time around, but it will burn a little hot if pushed. I don't taste any Perique, but my leather tongue could be missing it if it's there. For me, what is really needed with this blend is some age as I think it will soften some of the rough edges. From a cost/benefit point of view, Superior Round is a very good value and based on that, it would be worth a few ounces for the cellar.
I agree with earlier reviewers who suggest this is a member of the McBarren rollcake family.
I seem to be an outlier in thinking this is a genuine aromatic. The cavendished Burley centres give off a fair amount of sweetness, at least in my pipe. Not a clue what the flavouring is, but it is something fruity; plum perhaps.
Burns well, with a consistent sweetness and occasional pepper notes. I find the flavouring takes on a somewhat bitter nature as the bowl progresses. A decent tobacco but a little OTT for this pipester. Somewhere between 2 and 3 stars from me.
Smooth smoke easy light and stays lit. Good flavor with occasional sweetness. Doesn't bite nor get too hot. Part of my everyday rotation. A very affordable bulk blend of Virginia and dark Kentucky.


Inspired by medieval engravings, allegorical thinking and red waves of light, which discover before our eyes things hidden. The aim was to create a series of drawings encouraging contemplation also to mixed the old fashionist, symbolistic thinking with new media.
Lady Crooked Face is a first vector drawing from series Red Line. It is a design of synthesis of certain phenomena from the world of feelings and constancy of perception. It is an attempt to create a contemporary Allegory using modern tools. The Lady shows, to find the answer for meaning of Patrycja Krawczyk's art, you need to look of her from the left perspective.
This project can be used as the main motif of publish materials and digital materials, as industrial design, tattoo, a piece of art in home. The user do not need to be afraid to enlarge and reduce the format of the work to customize it to the required formats. It is a vector graphic design.
This project has improved my knowledge on medieval iconography. I started with hand drawings. In whole process of work I realized vector graphic and Gifs as a new possibilities for my works.
I was looking for a way to develop my drawing and artistic skills. I started to draw more and looking for a new possibilities to share my work. Searches led me to web galleries, which turned out to be a very good educational resource but many illustrations seemed similar and predictable. I wanted to create something interesting and different. I invented the concepts of graphic style Red Line. Made available on the Internet works from this series, among others, Lady Crooked Face, were noted in the category of Illustration and Motion Design on the leading online platform to show creative work. Those who have been tattooed make live galleries of my work. For the implementation of my project I was involved with the possibilities of social media, hand sketches and graphic programs.
Everything was a challenge for me, returning to drawing, building concepts, crystallizing style and maintaining the level of work. I was wondering how to combine my inspirations with medieval art with the current ones. New possibilities I realized in new media.
Illustrator Patrycja Krawczyk, Lady Crooked Face, 2015.
Patrycja Krawczyk. She graduated from the Faculty of Fine Arts in Torun. She started works professionally like a graphic designer when she was on the study yet. From 2009, Her practical experience comes mainly from MSU Publishing, Sabre Packaging and many years of activity in a music industry. Illustrator since childhood.
Lady Crooked Face Graphic Design by Patrycja Krawczyk is a Nominee in Graphics and Visual Communication Design Category.
· The profile and other works by Patrycja Krawczyk is also kept secret. This information will also be available later.
Lady Crooked Face Graphic Design by Patrycja Krawczyk is Winner in Graphics and Visual Communication Design Category, 2017 - 2018.
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18 October, 202130 September, 2021by illa
Fashion trends for autumn 2021
It's the new season and new fashions and accessories are here, for both women and men. We now present a roundup of the trends on the catwalks, but at the shops in illa Carlemany you'll find ideas that are sure to suit your style. The essentials for her Trousers with prints are in, for instance...
11 October, 20217 October, 2021by illa
The latest for men from MANGO, now at illa Carlemany
illa Carlemany shopping centre expands its range of labels for men with the opening of Mango Man, a ground-floor store with a range of clothing and accessories, all with the Catalan Mango label which aims for one hundred percent of its products to have sustainable features by 2022. Jackets, shirts, ties, trousers, rucksacks, shoulder and...
4 October, 20214 October, 2021by illa
And with the pandemic, the tracksuit returns
Inevitably, lockdown and teleworking – which have meant a lot of time spent at home for most of us – have brought us a greater appreciation for the tracksuit. This item of clothing, largely shunned by the big fashion brands, has made a comeback during the pandemic because of our quest for comfort. Designs, functionality...
10 May, 20212 May, 2021by illa
Dress comfortably and environmentally friendly
It's quite shocking when you look at the uses, customs and artefacts of underwear that have been worn throughout history, especially by women. Often, depending on the morality of the time, they were designed more to highlight and hide parts of the body rather than for hygienic or protective use, and always from the male...
3 May, 20212 May, 2021by illa
Paint your spring with colour at illa Carlemany
Spring is here! And although the warm weather won't come overnight, the days are getting longer, the ritual of changing the clocks is approaching, and it's time to banish the monotonous blacks and greys from the wardrobe. At illa Carlemany, the centre of Andorra, the shop windows are full of the atmosphere of spring and...
22 March, 202126 February, 2021by illa
Check it out: sales on winter sports gear at illa Carlemany
There are always advantages to shopping at illa Carlemany, the centre of Andorra, but even more so during the sales season. And while before Christmas there were already great discounts on clothing, footwear and accessories, from 12 February you'll also find reduced prices on winter sports gear. Shops such as Peak Performance, Salomon, Haglöfs, The...
15 February, 202126 January, 2021by illa
All Year Long…
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Why court released westgate terror suspect
Adjoua ATTA
A Nairobi Chief Magistrate has ruled that three of four suspects accused of being behind the 2013 Westgate Shopping Mall terror attack have a case to answer.
Nairobi Chief Magistrate Francis Andayi yesterday freed Adan Dheg but put Ahmed Abdi, Liban Omar and Hussein Mustafa on their defence.
"I am satisfied that the prosecution has established there is a case to answer against the three suspects, but I will acquit Adan who has no case to answer," ruled Mr Andayi.
Andayi said he had considered the evidence before the court and established that the prosecution did not find Adan culpable.
Adan had been charged with having paid for the car that was used in the attack that resulted in 67 deaths.
Several others were wounded.
He had allegedly been captured by a CCTV camera in a bank where he made the payment for the car.
The court found that evidence submitted by defence lawyers proved that Adan was not the man in the footage.
The other three suspects had been charged with conspiracy to commit terrorist acts, aiding terrorists and being in possession of materials linked to Al Shabaab.
Ethnic Somalis
They had also been charged with being in Kenya illegally. The nationalities of the four suspects have not been disclosed.
More than 145 witnesses testified against the accused persons, in a case that has been in the courts since 2013.
The case will be mentioned on January 21.?
Tags: #CrimeinKenya, 2, Westgate attack
Breaking: Al Shabaab Terror Group Claims Responsibility for Deadly Dusit Hotel Attack
Forget dreadlocks,female student gets expelled for hugging


Turnout for a popular ballot measure that would fully legalize marijuana could determine whether Obama or Romney wins this important swing state.
James, who joined Obama's national finance committee, says she bundled approximately $200,000 for his campaign. "Everything that I could have possibly done as a private citizen to get this man elected, I did," she said.
The president cannot afford to lose support. In Colorado, a battleground state worth nine electoral votes, Obama's lead over Mitt Romney was already razor thin even before the president's disastrous first debate performance.
Obama's stance against the legalization of marijuana, which will be on the Colorado ballot, runs counter to majority opinion in this key state. Amendment 64 would allow adults 21 and older to possess one ounce of cannabis and grow six plants. Support for the measure is strong; an October Talking Points Memo poll average shows 50.3 percent in support and 40 percent opposed. If the initiative passes, Colorado will be the first state to end cannabis prohibition since it began seventy-five years ago.
James and her husband opened a medical cannabis business in Colorado only after the Justice Department's October 2009 Ogden memo advised federal prosecutors to "not focus federal resources in your States on individuals whose actions are in clear and unambiguous compliance with existing state laws providing for the medical use of marijuana." But since then, US attorneys in more than half the states with medical cannabis laws have written letters to state officials stating, essentially, that federal law trumps state law. Many states stood by their laws, but Delaware, for example, suspended its dispensary program. Some letters emphasized that state employees were not "immune from liability" even if they followed state law. Others threatened landlords renting to medical cannabis businesses or banks holding medical cannabis accounts. The IRS audited dispensaries in California and Colorado, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives said medical cannabis users couldn't own firearms, in effect treating legal patients as criminals.
Some Obama supporters are searching for answers. Marsha Rosenbaum, director emerita of the Drug Policy Alliance's San Francisco office, bundled $204,000 for Obama in 2008, an experience she described as "joyful." Now she is reluctant to fundraise because Obama is a hard sell. "People are just confused about what the federal government is doing and where these directives are coming from," Rosenbaum said. At a January fundraiser in Washington (price tag: $35,800), she handed Obama a letter from people who had been major donors to his 2008 campaign. The group remained committed to his re-election, it said, but "federal officials, including your appointees, have become increasingly aggressive in undermining your initial statements and commitments." She never got a response. Still, she encourages "disgruntled friends in the drug policy reform movement" to support Obama this fall but push for progress in a second term.
Some cannabis advocates don't believe Obama is to blame for federal prosecutors' actions or that the crackdowns defy the Ogden memo. "The people who think that Obama has let them down have read too much into the memo and have laid too much at the feet of the federal administration," said Alison Holcomb, drug policy director of the ACLU in Washington and director of that state's cannabis legalization campaign. She said each US attorney may be acting independently. The federal prosecutor in eastern Washington has aggressively closed dispensaries, she pointed out, while the one in the western part of the state left nearly 100 open in and around Seattle.
Regardless of the origins of the crackdowns, voters across the country have focused their frustration on Obama. The mood in Colorado's medical cannabis community soured after the state's US attorney intervened, said Steve Fox, director of government relations for the Marijuana Policy Project (MPP), which has provided about $1 million toward the state's legalization initiative. "There really weren't any issues of significance, but it seems the Obama administration went out of its way to find problems, and it's caused a bit of a backlash," Fox said.
The number of Coloradans who care passionately about medical cannabis is not insignificant. More than 185,000 patients have registered since medical cannabis was legalized in 2000, and there are hundreds of dispensaries. The Colorado Democratic Party supports Amendment 64. In August, the National Cannabis Industry Association placed a billboard in Grand Junction, where Obama was scheduled to speak: Welcome to Colorado! Home of 100,000 patient-voters.
Mason Tvert, co-director of the Campaign to Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol, the group behind Amendment 64, believes the Obama administration is not respecting the public's views. An October 2011 CBS News poll showed that 77 percent of Americans supported medical cannabis, and a May Mason-Dixon poll found that 74 percent supported ending federal crackdowns on cannabis and respecting state laws. This clash, Tvert says, could be a factor in how Coloradans vote, especially young people, who tend to be pro-cannabis—a demographic that helped elect Obama in 2008 and that he needs to mobilize in November. A September Public Policy Polling survey found that 59 percent of Colorado voters between the ages of 18 and 29 support the legalization initiative.
With polls showing a tight presidential race and increased support for Amendment 64, Colorado may find itself in the spotlight this November not only as a determining factor in the race for the White House, but as the first state to legalize cannabis.
Alyson MartinAlyson Martin is a journalist and photographer living in New York City, and a co-founder, with Nushin Rashidian, of the multimedia news site Cannabis Wire.
Nushin RashidianNushin Rashidian is co-author of A New Leaf: The End of Cannabis Prohibition and co-founder of the multimedia news site Cannabis Wire.


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Cliffe Norton Hotel
A warm friendly welcome awaits at this newly acquired Leisureplex hotel. Occupying a prime position on the North Beach, the Cliffe Norton hotel in Tenby offers uninterrupted views across the bay and is just a short walk from the town centre, which makes it an ideal location for coach holidays to Tenby. Traditional, varied meals are served in the panoramic dining room (nine steps to dining room). The 50 refurbished rooms are decorated to compliment the building's period features and include en-suite bath or shower and WC, Freeview TV and tea/coffee making facilities. Entertainment most evenings in Lounge bar. Resident's panoramic reading room. Free WiFi in public areas. Two lifts serve most rooms.
The Norton, Dyfed
Bar & dance floor
Free Guest Parking
Tenby is a uniquely attractive resort. Its pastel coloured buildings, narrow streets, fortified walls and the quality of the light from its shimmering bays give it an atmosphere which is reminiscent of the Mediterranean. Its medieval castle was bombarded into submission by Cromwell using artillery on both land and sea and the feeling of a town whose history is much richer than most seaside resorts is very strong as one ambles around the narrow streets.
Tenby is a town of narrow streets, small independent shops and a thriving indoor market. Take time for a drink in one of the many bars or cafés. The fifteenth century Tudor Merchants House museum gives an insight into life when it was a busy trading port.
Tenby has four magnificent sandy beaches and a delightful harbour which is always busy with pleasure craft and the regular ferries which serve nearby Caldey Island. The gardens on the headland around the castle offer fabulous views and are ideal for a picnic.


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My former mayor, Tom Menino, is a fervent supporter of marriage equality. He recently wrote a letter slamming Chick-fil-A for effectively making opposition to marriage equality their corporate policy.
This is via Boston's community Facebook page; here is the image as I first saw it.
What's happening is that people are emailing, texting, and otherwise sending versions of the letter, and then uploading them to social networks. Each successive time a photo is uploaded to many of these networks, it's compressed again into a jpg, and it loses a little more quality. The end result of this isn't pretty, and it doesn't help that Facebook's photo compression algorithm is extremely aggressive.
The take-home here is that once you find cool, sharable content, just link to it. Not only does the dude/dudette who made it/posted it get warm fuzzies from everyone's attention, but it also keeps that cool, sharable content looking sharp and fresh. Life is too short for lossy images.


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Hans-Werner Schmidt / Timm Rautert - When We Don't See You, You Don't See Us Either
As a student, Timm Rautert started an extensive program of experimentation with the photographic medium which he concluded in 1973 under the title Bildanalytische Photographie. His subsequent work in photo-journalism focused on social themes in German culture. At the same time, he worked on projects of his own the most well-known being the series Deutsche in Uniform which he produced in 1974. Beginning the following year, he published several books in co-operation with Otl Aicher which tried to develop an analytic form of presentation for reportage photography. Since the 1990s he has devoted most of his time to extensive portrait series. When We Don't See You, You Don't See Us Either is the definitive monograph on Timm Rauterts career.
Size: 28,5 x 24,7 cm, 280 pages
Publisher: Steidl, 2007


text:
Ilaisa Droasese (born 13 September 1999) is a Fijian rugby union player who plays for the Fijian Drua, having previously played for  in Super Rugby. His playing position is centre or wing. He was named in the Reds squad for the 2021 Super Rugby AU season. He previously represented the  in the 2019 National Rugby Championship. He made his Super Rugby debut in Round 1 of 2021 Super Rugby AU against the , scoring a try off the bench. He also plays for Wests in the Queensland Premier Rugby competition.

Reference list

External links
Rugby.com.au profile
itsrugby.co.uk profile

1999 births
Fijian rugby union players
Living people
Rugby union centres
Rugby union wings
Brisbane City (rugby union) players
Queensland Reds players
Fijian Drua players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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US Supreme Court Center > Volume 168 > HYER V. RICHMOND TRACTION CO., 168 U. S. 471 (1897)
HYER V. RICHMOND TRACTION CO., 168 U. S. 471 (1897)
Hyer v. Richmond Traction Co., 168 U.S. 471 (1897)
Hyer v. Richmond Traction Company
Submitted October 18, 1897
Decided December 6, 1897
Hyer and Shield were engaged separately, each on behalf of himself and his associates, in seeking from the city government of Richmond a concession for a street railway with collateral lines. Hyer's organization was to be called the Richmond Conduit Company, and Shield's the Richmond Traction Company. Hyer made a deposit of money in a bank in Richmond to aid in his projects. Hyer and Shield then contracted in writing as follows, each being fully authorized thereto by his associates:
"We
hereby bind ourselves, in our own behalf and for our associates, mutually to cooperate one with the other in securing a franchise for said railway and to divide equally between us and our associates whatever may be realized from the enterprise, first deducting from said amount whatever actual expenses may have been incurred by either side, such expenses to be paid out of the first money realized from said enterprise. The deposit already made with the State Bank of Richmond by Hyer or his associates is to stand and remain intact as it now is for the purpose of securing the franchise aforesaid, subject to any conditions for the withdrawal thereof made by Hyer with the depositor after the seventeenth day of August, 1895, and further it is agreed that the application and franchise to be presented to the Common Council of the City of Richmond shall be that of the Richmond Traction Company, for the building of an overhead trolley railway or cable system."
A full statement of the action of the two companies was made to the Richmond authorities. Hyer fully performed his agreements. He was unable to go to Richmond when the matter was settled, and Shield secured the concession for himself and his associates, and refused to permit Hyer and his associates to participate in it. By bill in equity, amended bill, and supplemental bill, Hyer sought to be declared owner of one-half interest in the Traction Company's franchise, property and stock, and for a decree securing the possession and enjoyment thereof. Held that, without deciding whether the contract sued on was, under the facts and circumstances disclosed, void as against public policy, the case presented was not one which called for the interposition of a court of equity, but that the plaintiff's remedy was by an action at law.
On October 30, 1895, appellant, as plaintiff, filed his bill against the defendants in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Virginia. After some changes, he, on April 18, 1896, filed an amended and supplemental bill. The sufficiency of this was challenged by demurrer. The demurrer was sustained, and on August 22, a decree was entered dismissing the bill. From that decree the plaintiff appealed to the court of appeals, which court, on May 14, 1897, ordered that the decree of the circuit court be affirmed without prejudice, whereupon the case was removed to this Court by certiorari.
It appears from the allegations in the amended and supplemental bill that the plaintiff, whose attention had been for some time devoted to the matter of street railways in the City of Richmond, Virginia, succeeded in obtaining from the city council a franchise for the construction and operation of a
street railway on Broad Street, in that city. An ordinance passed on June 17 granted the franchise to the plaintiff and his associates under the name and style of the Richmond Conduit Company. The terms of this ordinance differed in some respects from those of the one prepared by the plaintiff, who declined to accept it or to proceed under it in the form in which it had passed the council. But upon an open conference with the committee on streets of the city council, plaintiff was assured that changes would be made rendering the franchise acceptable to him, provided he would deposit in one of the banks of the City of Richmond the sum of $10,000, upon certain conditions embodied in a paper, prepared by the city attorney. On July 17, he caused the deposit to be made, and gave satisfactory guaranties of the good faith of himself and associates and of their purpose to construct the railway, which guaranties, as he was assured, would secure the modification of the grant in accordance with his suggestions. While in Richmond, and conferring with the various committees of the city council with regard to this franchise, he became aware that certain other parties were seeking to secure a grant of a like franchise to them under the name and style of the Richmond Traction Company, and that the defendant P. B. Shield was apparently the head of this movement, but he had not been successful in obtaining the passage of any ordinance by the city council. In the early part of August, 1895, the plaintiff went to the City of New York, to make arrangements for constructing the railway as soon as the amendments had been made to the ordinance. While there, he was in the banking house of Stewart & Co., who had been advising with him with a view of aiding him financially in the prosecution of his enterprise, and there ascertained that the defendant Shield was also in conference with the said firm of Stewart & Co., seeking aid in the prosecution of his Richmond Traction Company scheme. Stewart & Co. advised the consolidation of the two interests, to-wit, the interest of plaintiff and his associates in the conduit company with that of Shield and his associates in the traction company. After some conferences, a contract was entered into between plaintiff and Shield which took the
form of a joint letter to the banker, of which the following is a copy:
"New York, August 9th, 1895"
"S. H. G. Stewart, Esq., 40 Wall Street, City"
"Dear Sir: We, the undersigned, L. H. Hyer, of Washington, D.C. and Phil. B. Shield, of Richmond, Virginia, have this day entered into the following agreement: that both of us being interested in the procuring of a franchise for and the construction of a street railway on Broad Street, in the City of Richmond, Virginia, with collateral lines, have made the following agreement: that we hereby bind ourselves, in our own behalf and for our associates, mutually to cooperate one with the other in securing a franchise for said railway, and to divide equally between us and our associates whatever may be realized from the enterprise, first deducting from said amount whatever actual expenses may have been incurred by either side, such expenses to be paid out of the first money realized from said enterprise."
"It is further agreed between us that the deposit already made with the State Bank of Richmond at Richmond, Virginia, by Mr. L. H. Hyer or his associates, is to stand and remain intact as it now is, for the purpose of securing the franchise aforesaid, subject to any conditions for the withdrawal thereof made by Mr. Hyer with the depositor after the seventeenth day of August, 1895, and, further, it is agreed that the application and franchise to be presented to the Common Council of the City of Richmond shall be that of the Richmond Traction Company, for the building of an overhead trolley railway or cable system."
"Among ourselves we will decide what names are proper to be used in the franchise and the policy we will use in procuring the same."
"Yours, very respectfully,"
"[Signed] L. H. Hyer"
"[Signed] Phil. B. Shield"
Plaintiff was authorized to act for himself and associates, and the defendant Shield represented that he had a power of
attorney from all parties interested in the traction company scheme, and he did actually represent them.
It was agreed between the parties to this contract that a full statement and explanation of the action of the two companies should be made to the city authorities of Richmond, and in fact it was so made. Plaintiff fully performed all the promises and covenants entered into in said contract in behalf of himself and his associates, but, being detained by a serious illness, was unable to proceed immediately to Richmond, and trusted to the defendant Shield and his associates to carry out other terms of the contract and secure the franchise for the mutual benefit of both interests. Disregarding this contract, Shield and his associates secured the passage of an ordinance granting the franchise to them, and wholly ignoring plaintiff and his associates. The first section of this ordinance provides:
"That the Richmond Traction Company, composed of John W. Middendorf. John L. Williams, Everett Waddey, Reuben Sherreffs, Philip B. Shield, Charles T. Child and W. F. Jenkins, be, and the same is hereby, permitted to construct and operate a street railway within the limits of the city, along the following routes, under and subject to the conditions and provisions hereinafter set forth: a double track in Broad Street,"
etc. Subsequent sections cast various obligations upon the company in respect to the construction and operation of the railway, the use by other companies of the tracks, and the payment of a certain percent of the gross receipts into the Treasury of the city. The last section is as follows:
"Fourteenth. Said Richmond Traction Company, and all such persons as now compose said company or who may hereafter unite with them are, in virtue of the authority vested in the Common Council of Richmond pursuant to the act of the General Assembly of Virginia, passed March 20, 1860, entitled 'An act to authorize the Common Council of Richmond to authorize persons to construct railroads in the streets of said city,' declared to be a corporation, and are vested with all the rights and privileges conferred, or intended to be conferred, by said act on persons or companies authorized by said council of the City of Richmond to construct railroads in the streets of said
city, and are likewise bound by all the restrictions of said act."
All the parties named in the first section of this ordinance were duly notified of the claims of plaintiff and his associates, under the contract of August 9, notwithstanding which they ignored plaintiff and his associates and proceeded to organize a corporation, taking all the stock to themselves, paying nothing therefor, but receiving certificates purporting to be of fully paid stock. Plaintiff, after alleging that he is the holder of all the interests represented by himself and his associates, prayed that he be decreed the owner of one-half interest in the traction company's franchise, property, and stock, and specifically for certain orders to secure to him the possession and enjoyment of such interest.
Powered by Justia US Supreme Court Center: HYER V. RICHMOND TRACTION CO., 168 U. S. 471 (1897)


text:
Berge Minassian, M.D.
Division Chief, Pediatric Neurology
Professor & Division Chief
Endowed Title Jimmy Elizabeth Westcott Distinguished Chair in Pediatric Neurology
Department Pediatrics | Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern | Neurology | Neuroscience
Graduate Programs Genetics, Development and Disease, Neuroscience
Download Curriculum Vitae
Berge A. Minassian, M.D., is a Professor in the Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neuroscience at UT Southwestern. He is the Division Chief of Child Neurology and serves on the faculty of the Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern.
Dr. Minassian is a pediatric neurologist whose clinical specialties are epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurogenetic conditions. Two of his primary interests have been Lafora disease, for which his lab discovered the genes, and Gene Therapy for neurological diseases of children.
He has published more than 120 scholarly articles and authored or contributed to 10 books, and his many professional honors include the Jacob's Ladder 2014 Norman Saunders International Research Prize for Outstanding Scientist, the American Academy of Neurology 2007 Dreifuss-Penry Epilepsy Award, the Canadian Paediatric Society 2008 Sanofi Pasteur Research Award, and the American Epilepsy Society 1996 Young Investigator Award. Dr. Minassian is a Fellow (Neurology) of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.?
Dr. Minassian went to the American University of Beirut for his undergraduate studies. He then completed medical school at McGill University in Montreal. He first did a residency in Adult Neurology at UCLA and the West Los Angeles VA. During his residency, he realized that his chief interest is root causes of neurological disease, which in important part include genetics. Since genetic diseases present mostly in childhood, he switched orientation to pediatric neurology. He learned pediatric epileptology and neurogenetics at The Hospital for Sick Children, in Toronto, Canada. He then joined the faculty at that institution as a clinician-scientist. Over 20 years there he was involved in the discovery of more than 20 neurological disease genes.
Meanwhile, gene replacement therapy was becoming increasingly possible. Dr. Minassian moved to UT Southwestern to lead the Pediatric Neurology division here, and build a premiere Gene Therapy program. This included recruitment of a leading Gene Therapy Scientist, Dr. Steven Gray and his team. Together, Drs. Minassian and Gray direct the UT Southwestern gene therapy program. While Dr. Gray and colleagues' labs perfect gene therapy technologies, Dr. Minassian is organizing the Pediatric Neurology faculty and trainees to be equipped to conduct gene therapy clinical trials. The marriage of research and the clinic will serve to build the Future of Medicine in Pediatric Neurology, a large portion of which consists of numerous rare single gene defect disorders. It will also extend in subsequent steps to Adult Neurology and Psychiatry and their common diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Schizophrenia and others, which also are genetic in their root causes.
McGill University Faculty of Medicine (1992)
University of Toronto Hospitals, Canada (1993), Internal Medicine
West Los Angeles VA Medical Center (1996), Neurology
University of Toronto, the Hospital for Sick Children (1997), Pediatric Neurology
University of Toronto, the Hospital for Sick Children (1998), Neurogenetics
Gene therapy for childhood neurological diseases
Lafora Disease
The best evidence for progressive myoclonic epilepsy: A pathway to precision therapy.
Orsini A, Valetto A, Bertini V, Esposito M, Carli N, Minassian BA, Bonuccelli A, Peroni D, Michelucci R, Striano P, Seizure 2019 Oct 71 247-257
Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function de novo CACNA1A mutations cause severe developmental epileptic encephalopathies in the spectrum of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Jiang X, Raju PK, D'Avanzo N, Lachance M, Pepin J, Dubeau F, Mitchell WG, Bello-Espinosa LE, Pierson TM, Minassian BA, Lacaille JC, Rossignol E, Epilepsia 2019 Sep 60 9 1881-1894
Dominant LMAN2L mutation causes intellectual disability with remitting epilepsy.
Alkhater RA, Wang P, Ruggieri A, Israelian L, Walker S, Scherer SW, Smith ML, Minassian BA, Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019 Apr 6 4 807-811
Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Chain Length Correlates with Insolubility in Mouse Models of Polyglucosan-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Sullivan MA, Nitschke S, Skwara EP, Wang P, Zhao X, Pan XS, Chown EE, Wang T, Perri AM, Lee JPY, Vilaplana F, Minassian BA, Nitschke F, Cell Rep 2019 04 27 5 1334-1344.e6
EEG of asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with juvenile myoclonic, childhood absence and rolandic epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tashkandi M, Baarma D, Tricco AC, Boelman C, Alkhater R, Minassian BA Epileptic Disord 2019 Feb 21 1 30-41
MYORG is associated with recessive primary familial brain calcification.
Arkadir D, Lossos A, Rahat D, Abu Snineh M, Schueler-Furman O, Nitschke S, Minassian BA, Sadaka Y, Lerer I, Tabach Y, Meiner V Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019 Jan 6 1 106-113
Re-annotation of 191 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-associated genes unmasks de novo variants in SCN1A.
Steward CA, Roovers J, Suner MM, Gonzalez JM, Uszczynska-Ratajczak B, Pervouchine D, Fitzgerald S, Viola M, Stamberger H, Hamdan FF, Ceulemans B, Leroy P, Nava C, Lepine A, Tapanari E, Keiller D, Abbs S, Sanchis-Juan A, Grozeva D, Rogers AS, Diekhans M, Guigó R, Petryszak R, Minassian BA, Cavalleri G, Vitsios D, Petrovski S, Harrow J, Flicek P, Lucy Raymond F, Lench NJ, Jonghe P, Mudge JM, Weckhuysen S, Sisodiya SM, Frankish A, NPJ Genom Med 2019 4 31
PI4K2A deficiency in an intellectual disability, epilepsy, myoclonus, akathisia syndrome.
Alkhater RA, Scherer SW, Minassian BA, Walker S Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018 Dec 5 12 1617-1621
Optical coherence tomography features in brothers with aspartylglucosaminuria.
Goodspeed K, Harder L, Hughes S, Conger D, Taravella J, Gray SJ, Minassian B Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018 Dec 5 12 1622-1626
Lafora Disease: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Pathology.
Verhalen B, Arnold S, Minassian BA Neuropediatrics 2018 Oct
Results 1-10 of 154
The progressive myoclonus epilepsies. In Steinlein O, ed. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 213.
Minassian BA. (2014). Elsevier; 113-122.
Imprinting and Angelman Syndrome. In Delgado-Escueta AV, Wilson WA, Olsen RW, Porter RJ, eds. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. 3rd ed. Advances in Neurology, vol. 79.
Lalande M, Minassian BA, DeLorey TM, Olsen RW. (1999). Raven Press; 421-429.
Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy of Lafora. In Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, eds. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. 4th ed.
Serratosa JM, Minassian BA, Ganesh S. (2012). Oxford University Press; 874-877.
Autosomal Recessive Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy. In Avanzini G, Noebels J, eds. Genetics of Epilepsy and Genetic Epilepsies.
Girard JM, Ramachandran N, Turnbull J, Minassian BA. (2009). John Libbey Eurotext; 229-246.
Unverricht-Lundborg Disease. In Chapman K, Rho JM, eds. Pediatric Epilepsy Case Studies: From Infancy and Childhood through Adolescence.
Andrade DM, Minassian BA. (2008). CRC Press; 251-256.
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"Jacob's Ladder International Research Prize" for Outstanding Scientist
Norman Saunders (2014)
Leadership Award in E-Infrastructure
Ontario Research and Innovation Optical Network (ORION), in recognition of outstanding leadership in research and innovation in Ontario (2013)
Benjamin Boshes Memorial Lectureship, Keynote Speaker
Israeli Neurological Association Annual Meeting (2011)
Canadian Paediatric Society Sanofi Pasteur Research Award
For excellence in Canadian child health research (2008)
Dreifuss-Penry Epilepsy Award
American Academy of Neurology, for Independent contribution to epilepsy research (2007)
Canada Research Chair in Pediatric Neurogenetics
John Stobo Prichard Award
International Child Neurology Association (2006)
Ted Hall Award, Best Biology Paper
Microscopy Society of America, Annual Meeting (2005)
International Rett Syndrome Association (2004)
Batten's Disease Research and Support Association (2002)
Canadian Angelman Syndrome Society (2002-2004)
Angelman Syndrome Foundation (1997)
Young Investigator Award
American Epilepsy Society (1996)
Canadian Angleman Syndrome Society (1995-1998)
Gertrude and Charles Clark Cancer Research Fellow
Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (1987)
American Academy of Neurology, Neurogenetics Section - Founding Member
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario
Ontario Medical Association
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons Canada
Minassian Lab


The full moon rises over Earth in this view from space taken Nov. 17, 2013 by Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata on the International Space Station.
A full moon is rising for lovers on Valentine's Day, and it will be a Snow Moon.
If weather permits, look up on Friday (Feb. 14) to see the full moon shining brightly in the winter sky. The moon turns full phase at 6:53 p.m. EST (2353 GMT) when it is exactly opposite to the sun in the sky. To most casual observers, however, the moon will appear full a day or two before and a day or two after Valentine's Day.
This February full moon is known as the "Snow Moon" because the heaviest North American snows fall during this time of year. By coincidence, a major snowstorm is currently battering the U.S. East Coast today, just one day ahead of the lunar event. Friday's full moon is also known as the "Full Hunger Moon" because food was scarce and hunting was difficult for ancient tribes during this month.
"A full moon shows up to Earthly viewers when the moon's orbit takes it around to the point where sun, Earth and moon line up," Space.com's Dave Brody said in a video about the moon and its effect on Earth. "The onrushing sunlight fully splashes the Earth-facing face of the moon."
February holds other skywatching treats for avid stargazers who will brave the cold. Venus shines brilliantly in the morning sky this week, and on March 9, Jupiter and the moon will appear in the same part of the night sky, as they did earlier in February.
A host of spacecraft will spend their Valentine's Day with the full moon. Among them, NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer probe (LADEE for short) will orbiting the moon on its mission to collect data about the natural satellite's thin atmosphere. NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has been making new discoveries about the moon's nature from lunar orbit since its launch in 2009. China's first moon lander and rover, Chang'e 3 and Yutu, will spend the holiday on the lunar surface.
Editor's note: If you snap an amazing photo of February's full moon, or have any other night sky view you'd like to share with Space.com for a possible story or image gallery, please contact managing editor Tariq Malik at spacephotos@space.com.


Love the Flowering Almond, and those Fairy Wing blooms are fantastic!
Flowering almond?!? I did not know that anyone grew that. Flowering apricot is almost as rare now. There is a 'desert almond' that I have not seen in many years, although it is not nearly as pretty. I just like it because it is native to Mojave Desert and some coastal desert regions.
Tony: The flowering almond was here when we moved in. We had one in New Hampshire when I lived there as a kid.


Fleur is, and has always been a dreamer. Wanting to take off to other worlds, leaving this one behind. And more often than not her imagination takes her there. She loves reading sci-fi and fantasy and has always been a enormous Harry Potter fan. Her alter ego Elterna has always be her videogame nickname (Pokémon is her guilty pleasure). She lives near Amsterdam in the Netherlands and currently teaches geography to high school students. Next year she aspires to go back to university to pursue a study in Earth Sciences, but for now No Man's Sky is the next big thing.