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Victoria County History - Lancaster
A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3
Townships: Burtonwood
A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1907.
Burtoneswod, 1228; Bourtonewod, 1251; Burtonwode, 1297; Bortounwod, 1337.
This township, of 4,192½ statute acres, (fn. 1) was long purely agricultural in character. The population has recently increased at a rapid rate, and in 1901 numbered 2,187 persons. The country is extremely flat, with much reclaimed marsh or mossland, drained by 'cuts' into the Sankey Brook, which, winding from north to south-east and south, forms the boundary of the township on those sides. It yields crops of wheat, clover, and hay, and some potatoes and turnips on a clay soil; but on the north it becomes a coal-mining district, and at Collins Green shafts of coal-mines are prominent features in the landscape. The geological formation illustrates the complete bunter series of the new red sandstone. Bewsey and Dallam are upon the upper mottled sandstone; Burtonwood, Bradley Hall, and Collins Green upon the pebble beds, the remainder of the township being upon the lower mottled sandstone, except a very small area of permian rocks and coal measures occurring to the west of Collins Green. The St. Helens and Sankey Canal, after crossing Sankey Brook, passes through the southeastern end of the township near Dallam and Bewsey. There is a station at Collins Green on the Manchester and Liverpool section of the London and North Western Railway, which enters the township on the east over the celebrated Sankey Viaduct of nine arches, each of 50 ft. span and varying from 60 ft. to 70 ft. in height, one arch spanning Sankey Brook and another the Sankey Canal. (fn. 2)
A school board was formed in 1876. (fn. 3)
There is a parish council.
Probably known before the Conquest as 'Burtun' and held by one of the thirty-four drengs of Warrington hundred as a dependent manor or berewick of Warrington, this manor was subsequently included in the demesne of the lords of the honour of Lancaster, and by Henry I put into his forest between Ribble and Mersey, when it doubtless acquired its name of BURTONWOOD. In 1228 it was perambulated in accordance with the charter of the forest of 1224–5, and was retained in the king's forest within boundaries extending from Hardsty on the west to Sankey Brook on the east, and from Bradley Brook on the north to Ravens Lache on the south, reserving therein to William le Boteler and his heirs common of pasture and stock (instauri), mastfall for their swine, timber for their castle of Warrington and other buildings and for fuel. (fn. 4) The right of taking estovers defines the extent of the interest in this township held by the lords of Warrington.
It passed about 1229 to the earl of Chester with the rest of the comital demesne between Ribble and Mersey, and subsequently to Ferrers, earl of Derby, and we find William de Ferrers on 2 October, 1251, granting to the abbey of Tiltey in Essex—a house of the foundation of his ancestor Robert de Ferrers in 1152 —a messuage in 'Harderesley' in the Hey of Burton, with 120 acres of land and wood around it (with liberty to enclose the same), ample pasture for their stock and plough beasts, and licence to make two water-mills with weirs on the water of Sankey. (fn. 5) In December, 1251, William de Ferrers had a charter of free warren in this manor. (fn. 6) Two years later he was plaintiff in a suit with William le Boteler concerning common of pasture in the Hey of Burton. (fn. 7) About the year 1264 Robert de Ferrers sold the manor to William le Boteler for 900 marks, which the latter undertook to pay by half-yearly instalments of £10. (fn. 8) In 1280 Edmund earl of Lancaster released to William le Boteler a plot of land called Hardersley, in the wood of Burton, which the abbot and monks of Tiltey had sometime held of the earl of Ferrers. (fn. 9) At the death of the earl of Lancaster in 1296, William le Boteler held the manor of him for one penny yearly service. (fn. 10) At what time the abbey of Tiltey sold or resigned the estate of Hardersley is uncertain, but it was probably purchased by William le Boteler before 1280. During the time of the monks' ownership they seem to have established a grange here, within an enclosure of wood or park, to which they gave the name 'beau site,' afterwards softened to Beausee or Bewsey. (fn. 11) As early as the commencement of Edward II's reign the lords of Warrington had made this their country seat. (fn. 12)
In 1328, by deed dated at Bewsey, William le Boteler demised to Matthew de Southworth, John and Margaret, his children, a plat of land, meadow, and waste in Burtonwood and in the old park of 'Beausi,' and 1½ acre in the field of Harderslegh, for their lives and the life of the longest liver. (fn. 13) The Botelers wisely refrained from granting estates in this manor in fee, but demised tenements for lives or terms of years by which increasing areas of cultivated lands accrued to them from time to time at greatly enhanced values. A fine levied in 1332 discloses the fact that there were then in the manor at least fifty messuages, 250 acres of land and meadow, and 114 acres of wood in the hands of the tenants held for terms of one, two, or three lives. (fn. 14) In 1337 the principal tenants of the manor were Matthew de Southworth, Alan de Eccleston, and William Muskil. (fn. 15) Burtonwood was then described as being neither a vill nor a hamlet. (fn. 16) It seems to have contained much timber at this time, for in 1331 William le Boteler sued William son of William de Calverhale for 100 marks, the value of trees which he had cut down here and carried away. (fn. 17) The demesne lands were described in 1416 as consisting of lands and tenements called Dallum, the 'Parkes feldes,' and the Dourehey, valued at £9 clear, in addition to the manorhouse and lands of Bewsey. (fn. 18) At the death of Sir John le Boteler, in 1463, his messuages and lands here were said to be held of Lord Ferrers in socage by the service of 1d. yearly. (fn. 19) At the death of Sir Thomas Boteler, (fn. 20) 1522, Bewsey was said to be worth £74 clear. (fn. 21)
In 1580 Edward Butler alienated the manor to Richard Bold of Bold, (fn. 22) and in 1597 John Mainwaring and Elizabeth his wife and Sir Robert Dudley and Alice his wife, to whom Edward Butler had conveyed an interest in his estates in 1581, conveyed the manor by fine to Richard Bold and Thomas Ireland. (fn. 23) By a subsequent division, or perhaps by virtue of the respective deeds of conveyance made to them, Bold acquired the manor, twenty messuages, 350 acres of land, meadow and pasture, and 300 acres of moor and turbary lying near his demesne lands in Bold, (fn. 24) whilst Ireland acquired the manor of Bewsey and a reputed manor of Burtonwood with thirty messuages, 1,200 acres of land, meadow and pasture, and 210 acres of moor, moss, and wood in Bewsey and Dallam. (fn. 25) From this time till the year 1861 the manor descended like the other Bold family estates (fn. 26) to Sir Henry Bold-Hoghton, the representative of that family in right of his first wife. It was then sold to Mr. Thomas Henry Lyon of Appleton, near Daresbury, the present owner. (fn. 27)
Lyon of Appleton. Azure, a lion passant or between three plates each charged with a griffon's head erased sable.
The origin of the name of the mesne manor of BEWSEY and the date of its acquisition by the Botelers have been suggested above. For nearly four centuries it was the abode of the lords of Warrington. In 1368 William le Boteler had a licence for his oratory at Bewsey. (fn. 28) The manor-house, park, and demesne lands lay within the township of Burtonwood and formed part of the superior manor, but some lands in Warrington and Great Sankey seem to have been included in the park and demesne of Bewsey. (fn. 29) Upon the dispersal of the estates in the time of Elizabeth by Edward Butler, this manor was acquired by Thomas Ireland, afterwards of Bewsey, from whom it has descended to John Powys, fifth Baron Lilford, in the manner described under Atherton. (fn. 30)
Bewsey Hall, Warrington
Bewsey Hall stands within a nearly circular moated enclosure. There remains only the south end of a fine house of circa 1600, which had its principal front to the east, of three stories, with tall, squareheaded, mullioned and transomed windows. The plan belongs to the stage of development when the hall is represented by a small central part of the front flanked by projections representing the bay and porch respectively. Beyond these at each end projected a larger gable, as in the earlier houses, but at Bewsey only the large south gable and the projection representing the bay of the hall now remain. The stonework—of red sandstone—is in poor condition, and the house preserves nothing of its ancient fittings.
In the fifteenth century Bewsey was the scene of one or two notable acts of violence. Isabel widow of Sir John Boteler was in July, 1437, seized by William Poole, of Wirral, and a number of accomplices, outraged and carried off to Birkenhead and Bidston, where she was compelled by threats to marry him. He then made his escape into Wales, and thus appears to have escaped punishment. (fn. 31) Her son Sir John Boteler, who died in 1463, is said to have been the victim of an outrage instigated by Sir John Stanley and Sir Piers Legh—a ballad, perhaps contemporary, giving the story of the surprise of Bewsey Hall at midnight by a party of men who crossed the moat in a boat of a bull's hide, the murder of the chamberlain, and then of Sir John Boteler himself. (fn. 32)
James I, in his Lancashire progress of 1617, visited Bewsey 21 August, and made its owner a knight. (fn. 33)
A bronze box found in the moat at Bewsey is perhaps mediaeval. (fn. 34)
The first enfeoffment of the Haydock family of the mesne manor of BRADLEY, (fn. 35) where they and their successors the Leghs resided for several centuries, has not been preserved on record, but was probably made before the acquisition of the manor of Burtonwood by William le Boteler circa 1264. In 1336 William le Boteler of Warrington demised to Gilbert de Haydock and his son Matthew, for their lives, a plat of land and waste on the western side of their field called Pikiswode, another plat of wood and waste on the southern side of Bradelegh Brook, and 3 acres of arable land on Sonki Bonke, all lying in Burtonwood, with liberty to clear the land of trees and cultivate it. (fn. 36) The same Gilbert had a charter of free warren in his manor of Bradley in 1344. (fn. 37) In 1357 Sir William le Boteler released to John son of Gilbert de Haydock and Joan his wife all the lands and tenements which they held of him in Warrington, Great Sankey, and Burtonwood in return for a deed of feoffment granting to Sir William for life certain lands and tenements of his inheritance which had been the subject of litigation between them, (fn. 38) and in 1358 another agreement was made between William le Boteler and Gilbert de Haydock, touching common of pasture and improvements made, or to be made, in the common wood of Burtonwood. (fn. 39) John de Haydock had a licence in 1386 for the celebration of divine service in his manor of Bradley. (fn. 40) By the marriage of Joan, daughter and heir of Sir Gilbert Haydock, to Sir Peter Legh of Lyme, (fn. 41) this manor passed to the Leghs, but was sold early last century to Samuel Brooks, of Manchester, banker, and has since descended in his family.
Haydock of Haydock. Argent, a cross and in the first quarter a fleur-de-lis sable.
Legh of Lyme. Gules, a cross engrailed argent; an escutcheon of augmentation sable semee of estoiles silver, an arm embowed in armour proper, the hand grasping a standard of the second.
Leland recorded that 'Syr Perse Lee of Bradley hath his Place at Bradley in Parke a ii. miles from Newton.' (fn. 42) The memory of the park is preserved in the name of two fields called The Parks, near the site of the old hall. (fn. 43) Part of the ancient manorhouse, including the Knights' Chamber, was of an older date than 1465. Shortly before that year Sir Peter Legh had greatly enlarged and improved his residence. (fn. 44) Of the stately building which existed at that time now only the gateway and the moat remain. (fn. 45) The gateway is faced with wrought stone, and has been covered with a fan vault of two bays, the springers of which yet remain. (fn. 46) The details of the work are plain, and point to a date in the second half of the fifteenth century. It is approached by a stone bridge over the moat, and within the enclosure stands the present Bradley Hall, a brick farmhouse of no great age, but preserving several interesting fragments of older work. The most notable are the front door and the door to the kitchen, which have elaborate wrought-iron scrolled hinges of the fourteenth century. On the stairs are two roundles let into the wall, bearing the arms of Standish of Standish and Legh of Lyme. (fn. 47) In the roof is a beam now doing duty as a purlin, inscribed thus:—
Brooks of Manchester. Argent, three bars, wavy azure, a cross patonce erminois, in chief a fountain.
[Her]e . . . maister dothh, and mistris both accorde: with godly mindes and zealous hartes to serve the livinge lorde. Anno. 1[5]97. Henry Wesle. (fn. 48)
The landholders contributing to the subsidy levied about 1556 were Sir Peter Legh and Thomas Butler. (fn. 49) Their successors in 1628 were Sir Peter Legh and Thomas Ireland. (fn. 50)
The chapel of Burtonwood was erected in 1605–6 upon land granted by Thomas Bold of Bold, who by a deed of feoffment dated 27 September, 1605, conveyed about 1 acre of land to feoffees, whom he directed to erect thereon a house of prayer, sufficiently to uphold the same, and to choose a fit person to read divine service and 'teach Grammar Schole' there according to the intent of the last will of Thomas Darbyshire of Burtonwood, yeoman, dated 23 January, 1602. This testator had bequeathed £60 to trustees for the purpose of founding a chapel at Windybank in Burtonwood. The chapel was built at the common charge of the township, (fn. 51) but in 1650 it was described as inconveniently situated for the use of the township. William Baggaley was the incumbent, elected by the inhabitants; (fn. 52) he had £40 a year by order of the committee of sequestration made in 1646, when there were found to be 120 families resident in the township. (fn. 53) The report of 1650 was adverse to him, and he was soon removed by the Independents, who brought in Samuel Mather, eldest son of Richard Mather, born at Much Woolton, and the author of an Irenicum. (fn. 54) Mather was removed in 1662. (fn. 55) The present church of St. Michael is a plain building of brick. The register dates from 1668. The benefice is a vicarage, in the gift of the rector of Warrington.
In 1690 Peter Gaskill's dwelling, known as the Red House, was licensed as a meeting place for dissenters. (fn. 56) A Wesleyan church was built in 1850.
The Passionist Fathers of Sutton in 1886 built the school-chapel of St. Paul of the Cross, the first mass being said on 31 October. In 1898 a resident secular priest was appointed to the mission, and three years later an iron church was opened. (fn. 57)
1. The census of 1901 gives 4,195 acres, including 33 of inland water.
2. Liverpool and Manch. Railway (ed. ii, 1830), 34.
3. Lond. Gaz. 10 Mar. 1876.
4. Cal. of Close, 1227–31, p. 101. In the Whalley Coucher (Chet. Soc.), ii, 372, Ravnesneslake is given as Raveneschagh.
5. The boundary ran in length from Merlake by Sankey Brook 60 perches of 20 ft. to Ballermoss, thence in width the same distance to Fernhal, thence in length to Burton Brook and beyond it to Cressdoke and Shotbriggate, and past Harderesleye to an oak-tree in the Fule lake (lache), thence to the hedge of the wood, and following the hedge to Brend-oak towards the gate of the messuage (of Harderesley), thence through the wood and across the earl's meadow to the water of Sankey and along the same to Merlake; Cal. Charter R. i, 359, 373.
6. Ibid. 373.
7. Cur. Reg. R. 149, m. 17.
8. Bold D. in Warr. Mus. (D. 14); see Gents.' Mag. Dec. 1863. There remained 460 marks of the principal sum due to Edmund earl of Lancaster in Feb. 1270; Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.), xxxviii, 309. About 1280 Henry de Lostock and Joan his wife, assignees of Robert de Ferrers, released to William their claim in the arrears of the purchase-money for Burtonwood; Dods. MSS. cxlii, 236b; Annals of Warr. (Chet. Soc.), 73.
9. Bold D. (Warr. Mus.), E. 27.
10. Lancs. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), 288.
11. Beause, 1313; Beusee, 1368.
12. Towneley MS. HH. n. 1692 (penes W. Farrer). A Boteler charter dated at Bewsey as early as 1307 has been preserved; Bold D. (Warr.), E. 2. By one of 1325 William le Boteler, lord of Warrington, granted to Roger son of Hawise 9 acres of arable land in Burtonwood for the lives of Roger and his wife Emma, with common of pasture in Burtonwood for one horse and two oxen all the year round except mast time, also in Burtonwood and the ancient park of Bewsey for twelve sheep; the rent was 13s. 6d. Roger and Emma were to grind their corn, &c. at the Boteler mills of Burtonwood, Sankey, and Warrington; they had leave to cut wood for their own use, but not for sale or giving away; ibid. D. 11.
13. The boundary began at Dallum Yate and followed a ditch near the moss of Dallum Park which Matthew de Southworth had made, to the 'alde paleis' in the said park, and along the old pales to the house late of Robert Curtays, thence by an ancient ditch eastward to the outlane which leads from Winwick to the wood of Burtonwood, and along that lane by hedges and ditches against the land of Robert son of Adam of the Granges into the midstream of the water of Sankey, and following the midstream on the eastern side to the aforesaid Dallum Yate, excepting only 13 acres of meadow within that boundary lying in the Frereghes, which Gilbert de Haydock, Henry his brother, and Henry the Parker held of the grantor for a term. The demise included estovers in Burtonwood, turbary in Dallum Moss, the right to rid the land of all trees and to cultivate and till it with marl, to make a bridge over the water of Sankey in the tenement to connect it with Matthew's land in Winwick, to common eighteen beasts, three stallions, twelve sheep, in the old park of Beausee at all times of the year and in the wood except at the time of mast-fall. The rent was 2½ marks; Towneley MS. HH. n. 1692.
14. Final Conc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 83–5.
15. Assize R. 1424, m. 10.
17. De Banc. R. 287, m. 347 d.
18. Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 112.
19. Ibid. ii, 74.
20. A deed of reinfeoffment made in 1507 gives the names of forty-eight tenants of Sir Thomas Boteler in Burtonwood; Raines MSS. xxxviii, 315.
21. Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. v, n. 13.
22. Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 42, m. 177; bdle. 43, m. 16.
23. Ibid. bdle. 58, m. 152, 364.
24. Richard Bold died seised of the above estate here in 1636, holding the manor of the king as of his duchy of Lancaster in socage by fealty and 1d. per annum; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxvii, n. 58.
25. Sir Thomas Ireland died seised of this estate in 1641, holding it in chief of the king; ibid. xxvi, n. 58. A conveyance by fine in 1543 to the king made by Sir Thomas Butler (Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 12, m. 100), and a subsequent grant in 1600 by letters patent by Queen Elizabeth to Humphrey Davenport and others of the manor of Burtonwood, Great Sankey, and Warrington, may have had something to do with the creation of the reputed manor held by Ireland; Pat. 42 Eliz. pt. xxiii (Palmer's Ind. xv, 76).
26. Pal of Lanc. Plea R. 471, m. 48 d.; R. 523, m. 3; and Feet of F. bdles. 244, m. 4; 296, m. 56; Docquet R. Aug. 37 Geo. III; Aug. 43 George III; and Lent, 54 Geo. III.
27. See Burke, Landed Gentry.
28. Lich. Epis. Reg. v, fol. 19b.
29. Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 113; ii, 49.
30. See also W. Beamont's Annals of Warr. and Bewsey since 1587, pp. 127–62. The manor of Bewsey now comprises the portion of the Lilford Estate in Burtonwood and Little Sankey, and courts were held yearly to 1888 at an inn in the latter place; Information of Lord Lilford's agent, Mr. John B. Selby of Leigh.
31. Lords of Warr. (Chet. Soc.), i, 259– 61; Parl. R. iv, 497; Dame Boteler died in 1441.
32. The ballad, edited by Dr. Robson, is printed in Lords of Warr. ii, 321–3, where will be found a discussion of the various and conflicting traditions. Mr. Beamont thought that Sir John's father, Sir John Boteler, who died about 1432, might have been the victim.
33. Metcalfe, Bk. of Knights, 171; besides Sir Thomas Ireland another knight was there made—Sir Lewis Pemberton.
34. Arch. Journ. xviii, 159.
35. Bradele, 1228; Bradelegh, 1336.
36. Raines MSS. xxxviii, 293.
37. Cal. of Chart. R. (Rec. Com.), 178.
38. Duchy of Lanc. Assize R. 6, pt. 1, m. 3d. The litigation and disputes continued for two centuries; see Beamont, Lords of Warr. (Chet. Soc.), 188–91, 475. A memorandum of Sir Peter Legh's title in 1505 is among the Bold D. in Warr. Mus. (B. 17).
39. Raines MSS. xxxviii, 295. In 1345 Henry de Haydock and William his son had licence from William le Boteler to dig marl in the outlane next the Frereghes for the tillage of the same and of a parcel of land called Egardeslegh, part of which lay in a certain close which had not been ridded; ibid. In 1356 they had a release from the same William of lands lying between Egardeslegh and Smallegh and near their new grange, which lands they held by demise of Dame Sibyl Butler; ibid.
40. Lich. Reg. Epis. vi, 122.
41. Visit. of 1533 (Chet. Soc.), 17 n. From the various inq. p.m. of the Leghs of Lyme it appears that the manor of Bradley and lands in Burtonwood were held of the duchy of Lancaster by fealty only; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. vi, n. 63; xv, n. 38.
42. Itin. vii (1), 56.
43. As the estate consists of 110 acres of the large measure only the park must have been of inconsiderable extent.
44. The additions then made included a fair new hall with three chambers, a dininghall with a new kitchen, bakehouse and brew-house, a new stone tower and small towers, a fair gateway and stone tower (bastellium) thereon, with good ramparts, and a fair chapel. In addition to the hall were other convenient buildings previously existing, the whole being surrounded by a moat with a drawbridge. Beyond the moat and on the north side were three large barns, with a great oxhouse and stable, with a bailiff's house and a kiln newly built at the end of a place called 'Parogardyne,' to the south of which lay a great apple orchard and garden; Warr. in 1465 (Chet. Soc.), xxiii.
45. In 1849 the holy-water stoup from the chapel at Bradley, bearing upon one of its four sides the arms of Haydock, was preserved in the chapel at Lyme; ibid. In 1524 Piers Legh, to remove from his father's mind any doubts as to the execution of his will, swore upon the holy elements in the chapel of Bradley, in the presence of a number of local gentry, to secure its faithful execution; Lancs. Chant. (Chet. Soc.), 112 n.
46. See also Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1836), iii, 683.
47. The quarterings are:— A. 1, Standish of Standish. 2, Standish, ancient. 3, Radcliffe of Chaderton. 4, Chaderton. 5, Harrington of Westleigh. 6, English. 7, Urswick. 8, Verdon. B. 1, Legh (Corona coat). 2, Legh of Lyme. 3, Butler of Merton. 4, Croft of Dalton. 5, Haydock of Haydock. 6 and 7, Boydell. 8, Walton of Ulnes Walton. Coat of augmentation in pretence.
48. The will of Henry Westle of Sutton was proved in 1613.
49. Mascy of Rixton D.; the values were respectively £60 and £66 13s. 4d.
50. Norris D. (B. M.).
51. Inq. ad pios usus taken in 1627 (Harl. MS. 1727, fol. 49), quoted by Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1836), iii, 684; Gastrell, Not. Cestr. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 237. Edward Kenrick was 'reader' at Burtonwood in 1609; Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.), xxii, 298. The building was not consecrated; ibid. 198.
52. Commonwealth Ch. Surv. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), 52.
53. Plundered Mins. Accts. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 92.
54. Wood, Athenae Oxon. ii, 357; Calamy, Nonconf. Mem. ii, 355; Halley, Lancs. Puritanism, ii, 182.
55. Nightingale, Lancs. Nonconf. vi, 76. In 1681 John Jackson was licensed to be schoolmaster and reader of prayers at Burtonwood, being ordained deacon 18 Dec. 1681; Visit. Bk. 1691, Dioc. Reg. at Chester. A Mr. Jackson was schoolmaster here in 1648–50; Admiss. to Gonv. and Caius Coll. Camb. 230. An account of the chapel and its ministers will be found in Beamont's Warr. Ch. Notes, 213–24.
56. Nightingale, op. cit. vi, 265.
57. Liverpool Cath. Ann.


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Who's Who in Pentecost > Garr, A.G. (Azusa Revival)
Rev. A. G. Garr
While in Asbury College, A. G. [Garr—ed.] met Lillian Anderson, the daughter of a Methodist bishop. They were married and continued their schooling together. Lillian was a lovely, high-minded, noble-souled woman. In her quiet unostentatious way she was a tower of strength. She became the refining, and restraining influence in A. G.'s life. She confirmed his spiritual aspirations, for she was a counselor of the serener stretches of the soul. After their education was completed, A. G. and Lillian traveled to California to pastor an independent church.
It was at this time that the mighty revival broke out in Azusa Street, in the colored section of Los Angeles. The revival was not in a church, but in a burned-out foundry building. The walls were charred and black. The building was ugly; but at nine o'clock each morning, when the doors opened, a tall athletic young man was the first to enter. He seemed bent upon a holy mission. His head was high. He was a gay, charming, resolute, reflective and ambitious youth, but he was hungry for God. Yes, it was A. G. Garr, still seeking a deeper experience with his Lord.
Wave after wave of revival swept the people in that building. Crowds were weeping over sin one minute and praising God for pardon the next. Then, the audience was carried into ecstasy of amens and hallelujahs. Emotion mounted higher and higher; and the glory of God settled on Azusa Street. Church services became the brighter spot in many, otherwise, shadowed lives. Testimony meetings became the order of the hour. People told of those who were healed, of those who were relieved of the sting of poverty, of those who were filled with the Spirit of God. When the services were over the folks were loath to leave. There certainly was no atmosphere of indifference there.
These services were a stimulant to A. G. Garr. As a zealous young preacher he had been aware that the orthodox church was losing her radiance. He knew that many church leaders were disclaiming the realities of Bible truths. He liked what he saw and felt in this flaming revival.
The church, as a whole, would not accept this revival, but A. G. refused to allow any church or sect to dictate his religious views. A necessary requisite of his life was individuality. He must follow God in his own way. He could not worship at the shrines of authority and precedence. His very nature required him to depend upon his own resources and to choose his own path. He would be compelled, even in the teeth of a world of prejudice and opposition, to accept the revival. Other people's thoughts and opinions would have to be subjugated to his own revelations of God.
No, A. G. did not want to stay hitched up to a denominational train that he did not want to pull. Too many cars of religious protest had been coupled to his locomotive since it got started. He decided that he did not care to pull the freight. Rather, he was going to seek God in his own way and get more of this "unwanted" revival.
As A. G. sought the fullness of God's Spirit, the Lord whispered into his heart, "Do you remember the fuss that you had with your fellow minister?" He replied, "Yes, I will go fix that up right now." So he left the building on Azusa Street, jumped on his bicycle and rode all the way across town to the minister's house. There, he said, "Brother, you know the fuss that we had?" "Yes." "Well I want you to forgive me." The preacher answered, "All right." So, A. G. rode his bicycle back to the meeting and waited for God's power to come upon him. Finally, God spoke to him, "You do not really love that brother." A. G. replied, "Lord, I will go back and ask him to forgive me again." So, out the door he went and rode his bicycle to the other side of Los Angeles. He cried, "Brother, please forgive me for that fuss we had several months ago." The preacher answered, "Why I told you this morning that I forgave you. What is the matter with you?" A. G. said, "But, I really want you to forgive me." The preacher replied, "I will, I forgive you." They shook hands. A. G. got on his bicycle and hurried back to the meeting, expecting the power of God to come upon him. But once more the Lord spoke to him, "You do not really love that brother." A. G. cried, "Lord, I will go back and ask him to forgive me again." He went to the preacher, but this time his spirit was broken. As he started up the walk, the preacher saw him and began to smile. A. G. placed his arms around the minister's shoulders and began to cry. He sobbed, "Please forgive me for the fuss we had." The brother began to weep, also, and said, "I want you to forgive me, too, for I did not act like a Christian." When A. G. got on his bicycle to return to the meeting, he felt that a bit of honey had been deposited in his soul. He never felt so wonderful. It seemed that spring was tugging at her wraps, that nature was giving birth to bud and flower after a long winter of cold sleep. It was as though the grass was freed from its white tomb of snow, and the silvery streams from their strong shackles of ice. He seemed to ride his bicycle in a golden, leisure time, on long, filmy gossamers floating on slow-blown clouds. Back at the meeting A. G. felt the power of God, as he had never felt it in his life, and the Lord told him that he soon would receive the experience that he was seeking.
On the sixteenth of June, 1906, A. G. became the first white pastor of any denomination to receive the baptism of the Holy Spirit in Los Angeles. Actually, he was not a pastor. His church board had met and informed him that if he continued to attend the services at the Azusa Street Mission, he must tender his resignation. The incident that inflamed the board to take this action was the fact that A. G. locked the doors of his church, stood on the front steps and directed his people, "Do not attend here tonight. We do not have the power of God; let us go to Azusa Street Mission, where they are enjoying the presence of God." And the people followed their pastor to the mission.
The church board accepted A. G.'s resignation with the stipulation that he should look after the churchonly until the new pastor could be sent from Chicago. During the time that he remained at the church A. G. continued to seek the baptism of the Spirit. God asked him, "Are you willing to give up everything for me?" He answered, "Yes, Lord everything." Then God asked, "Are you willing to give up your preaching?" A. G. cried, "Lord that is all that I have left, but I am even willing to drive a coal truck the rest of my life. Just give me the baptism of the Spirit." It seemed to A. G., then, that he could see himself sitting on an old coal wagon, with his hair sticking up through the top of an old, tattered hat. But he made his consecration. A little later, A. G. went up into the cupola of the church to pray. After prayer he descended into the auditorium and stood at the altar. God spoke to him saying, "Open your mouth and I will fill it." He took that literally and opened his mouth as wide as he could. Then the power of God flooded his soul. He received the baptism of the Holy Spirit according to Acts 2:4. For hours he spoke with tongues and glorified God. Then a British Indian came into the building and asked him, "How did you learn my mother tongue?" A. G. replied, "I do not know your mother tongue." But the man continued, "This is the first time I have heard my mother tongue since I left India."
After this experience his wife declared, "If you are going to be a fanatical preacher, I am going to take the baby and leave you." Their baby was three years old at the time. A. G. went into his bedroom and looked at the baby. She stretched one little leg toward him an offered him a bouquet of toes. He picked up the shoe that she had kicked off, and wondered if there was anything in the world as sentimental as a baby's shoes. He picked her up. She was his life. He looked at her little face, shining up at him, soft and gentle as a candlelight. He felt that he could not live without her. But he braced his soul, returned to his wife, and said, "Before you go, please do me a favor; attend the meeting and see for yourself what God is doing." She cried, "It is not God it is fanaticism, but I will go with you one time."
Her bags were packed. She was ready to leave. But Mrs. Garr went to the service. A. G. said that he would never forget that night. When she arrived at the church, the power of God was manifest in an outstanding way. She walked up the aisle, certain in her heart that this shouting and praising was not of God. But the glory of God broke over her soul. Mrs. Garr lifted her hands and received the baptism of the Holy Spirit, with speaking in other tongues, in this, her first visit to the meeting.
One week after A. G. Garr received the baptism of the Holy Spirit, God called him to go to India. He had no group behind him. There was no one to finance any part of the endeavor. However, he stood up in the meeting and said, "Friends, I believe that God wants me to go to India with the message." He had not more than uttered the words when a man stood up and cried, "I have five hundred dollars that I want to give for you to go to India" When he sat down, a lady stood up, saying, "I have two hundred dollars." Another declared, "I have one hundred." In fifteen minutes there was enough money to take a party of five to India with the Pentecostal message.
A. G. Garr's principal rule was to get started. He was afraid that if he waited a week, he would wait a month, and if he waited a month, he might never get started. So he swung out into a flood-tide of missionary endeavor; and three weeks after he received the baptism of the Holy Spirit, A. G. Garr traveled east, headed for India.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ryan Guzman quotes
Ryan Anthony Guzman is an American actor. He portrayed Sean Asa in the Step Up series, Noah Sandborn in The Boy Next Door, Carlos Gutierrez in the mini-series Heroes Reborn and Roper in Richard Linklater's Everybody Wants Some!!.
Nickname: Ryan Anthony Guzman
Funny story: I was hanging out with Adam Shankman for Samantha Ronson's birthday, and Lance Bass was there. I don't really know Lance, but he comes over to me and goes, 'Hey, I just wanted to let you know I'm a fan of 'Pretty Little Liars' and I'm rooting for your character.' It was surreal! That's how 'PLL' has changed my life.
Gerald Isaac Stiller is an American comedian and actor. He spent many years in the comedy team Stiller and Meara with his wife, Anne Meara. He later played Frank Costanza on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld and Arthur Spooner on the CBS comedy series The King of Queens. Stiller and Meara are the parents of actor Ben Stiller, with whom Stiller co-starred in the films Zoolander, Heavyweights, Hot Pursuit, The Heartbreak Kid and Zoolander 2. Stiller is known for his angry, yelling acting style.
Marco Antonio "Toni" Servillo is an Italian actor and theatre director.
Michael Austin Cera is a Canadian actor, comedian and musician. He started his career as a child actor, most notably portraying a young Chuck Barris in Confessions of a Dangerous Mind . He is known for his role as George Michael Bluth on the sitcom Arrested Development and for his leading roles in the comedy films Superbad , Juno and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World . In 2013, he played an exaggerated version of himself in This Is the End. Cera made his Broadway debut in the 2014 installment of Kenneth Lonergan's This Is Our Youth.
James Todd Smith , known professionally as LL Cool J , is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York. He is known for such hip hop hits as "Going Back to Cali", "I'm Bad", "The Boomin' System", "Rock the Bells" and "Mama Said Knock You Out", as well as romantic ballads such as "Doin' It", "I Need Love", "Around the Way Girl" and "Hey Lover".


I find that once one is away from a familiar situation, it gives rise to all sorts of new possibilities in interaction. You find yourself unencumbered by the atmosphere in which you wade day in, day out. And the moments that follow are infused with wonder and excitement and adventure. Kind of like a vacation. Come to think of it, unless you're moving out of the area (which I haven't done in a very long time) a vacation is about the only auspices under which the aforementioned feeling can happen. And this is what distal means: "away from the center of the body". Or in the case of a specific part, away from the point of connection. Evidently, the man out of whom Jesus cast the legion of devils hadn't been home in a long time. Honestly, it's one of the more endearing stories for me because of the contrast. Here (here) you have a man that no one wants anything to do with because of an admittedly serious spiritual sickness. He then turns from that, at one touch of the Lord, into a sweetheart. Praise God. And so he goes home.
In Japanese, the words "kore", "sore" and "are" (each has two syllables) refer to placement. The first is essentially "this". Meaning the item in question. The second is "that", pretty self-explanatory. And the third refers to objects out of reach, if far away. Most times, you'll see them qualified with either "wa" or "ga" as particles (kore wa--"this thing here"). The former indicating that the object in question has already been referred to in conversation. The latter meaning it hasn't, an as-yet unknown thing. The point I'm getting at is that wherever you may find yourself. Situated away from the Body--i.e. not attending a church--ostracized for God knows why (but never a good reason). Or maybe included in the festivities that seem a little shallow for your tastes. Even a thousand other locations from here to Japan, God is with you. He might feel distant but I can guarantee you it's not because of Him and it's most likely not because of you. Think of how the strength and love of Jesus enabled the man to stay where he was. The change was so remarkable that, rather than tag along and accompany Him to wherever He went, he was inspired to remain.


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In the fashion industry, every fashion designer should follow fashion design development process to design a new dress. Fashion design mainly influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and it has varied over time, place and religion. Fashion designing knowledge is mainly comes from the theoretical background. Students are learned step by step fashion design development process from their institute. All of these information's are very important for the beginner. When developing your designs for a new collection involves many components like inspiration, drawing, color, design functionality, technical package, garment patterns and so on.
A prominent name in the Indian fashion-industry from the western-Indian region of Goa and is amongst the top ten India's designers. He started as a catering graduate, later on moved to fashion-designing. He was the foremost Indian who was given invitation by IGEDO(World's largest garment fair). He's well-known for his passion for white and his modest chic style is a kinda rage among Indian-cloth lovers. In major Indian-news media, this multi-talented person has written exclusive features particularly for Goa Today, Apparel, columns for Femina and free-lance fashion journalism. He does the tasks of advertising styling, theater-designing and forecast portfolios. The ministry of culture , in 1994, exhibited his shiva temples compilation in Canton, Peking & Shanghai ,at the Festival of India. He's eager at art-patron and puts forward the artists of Goa through special promotions at the Endell Rodricks Couture Salon. He did intern at the Fashion institute of technology , New York to learn how to preserve and conserve costumes.
The India's dearest and beloved designer, known & appreciated not only by Bollwood's-leading-ladies and men but also designs for Hollywood-superstars like Reese-Witherspoon and supermodels Naomi-Campbell nd Kate-Moss. He's the one who brought vivacity, energy and colors to blockbuster movies like kuch-kuch-hota-hai, Dil-to-pagal-hai….He was also asked to design-clothes for Michael Jackson. He's linked with the top international companies of Thai-Gems & Jewellers Association, Deutche-Bank, American-Express-Bank, Wizcraft, Moet and Henessey..
In this stage designer create a brand name or logo. The philosophy and identity of a range can be continued into promotional activities such as branding and styling. To promoting and marketing fashion goods it is very important. Normally the branding would be a graphic designer's job. It is the interesting use of the language or words can produce visual effects, such as, iMac (Internet ready Macintosh computer), O2 (mobile phone provider), FCUK (French Connection United Kingdom).
I don't know what style category I fit into. I seem to have casual, sexy, girly, punk and tomboy. I even like the sporty style. It actually depends on my mood but most of the time, I like romantic clothes with lace, chic stuff, and if I don't feel like dressing up, I just want casual or tomboy. Usually with crop tops and high waisted jeans. What….am I???
Stella McCartney went fresh from graduation at Central Saint Martins to chief designer at Chloé in 1997. Le Style Stella – a raunchy mix of rock 'n' roll and girly glamour – established Chloé as the best selling label in Paris and its designer as a card-carrying member of the fashion aristocracy. In 2000, McCartney left Chloé and signed a deal with the Gucci Group to launch her successful signature label.
Basically for the ones who do not want to be dressed like a woman. They do not abide by the usual norms of what a woman should wear. To put it lightly, they prefer black over pink. Most of their clothing are a bit baggy and focuses more on graphic T-Shirts and Shirts from the boy's selection. They do not prefer light colors and frills or laces. It can ask so be described as simple and modern. A boyish look is what they prefer over the classy, elegant looks.
The Italian-born Frenchman is lauded for his 20th century pieces that looked as though they were from the 25th century. As Cardin rose to fame in the age of the space race, his creations took on an air of futurism. His so-called bubble dresses had all the fixings of science fiction, combining earthly elegance with out-of-this-world colors and avant garde design. They may be wacky, sure, but Cardin's clothes showed a freedom of expression that highlighted larger ideals, in particular the emancipation of women. The visionary designer fell out of critical favor when he attached his name to less fashionable items, from cars to umbrellas, but his futuristic, space-centric legacy will live to infinity and beyond.
In the 60's, Valentino made a decision that would enhance his reputation; he sent Jacqueline Kennedy, the American First Lady and fashion icon, a series of his pieces to look over. She was enchanted with his designs, and even chose to wear one of his dresses when she married her second husband, Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis: her influence led to greater fame and fortune in North America.
Fashion. Fashion is completely transparent. It's fun, it's confusing, and it never dies off. Fashions from the past are still being worn by women across the country and new fashions are being designed every day. There's SO many different fashion styles, and we've come up with a list of the top 20 looks, from elegant to gothic, exotic to casual, and everything in between.


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Hana Dostalová z d. Rychterová (ur. 5 marca 1975) – czeska biathlonistka.

Kariera
W Pucharze Świata zadebiutowała 10 grudnia 1994 roku w Bad Gastein, gdzie zajęła 58. miejsce w sprincie. Pierwsze punkty zdobyła 5 grudnia 1996 roku w Östersund, zajmując 20. miejsce w biegu indywidualnym. Nigdy nie stanęła na podium w zawodach pucharowych. Najlepsze wyniki osiągnęła w sezonie 1996/1997, kiedy zajęła 66. miejsce w klasyfikacji generalnej. W 1995 roku wystąpiła na mistrzostwach świata w Anterselvie, gdzie zajęła czwarte miejsce w biegu drużynowym i dwunaste w sztafecie. Jeszcze kilkukrotnie startowała w zawodach tego cyklu, zajmując między innymi szóste miejsce w biegu drużynowym podczas mistrzostw świata w Ruhpolding w 1996 roku. Nigdy nie brała udziału w igrzyskach olimpijskich.

Jej mężem jest Roman Dostál, który także uprawiał biathlon.

Osiągnięcia

Mistrzostwa świata

Puchar Świata

Miejsca w klasyfikacji generalnej

Miejsca na podium chronologicznie
Dostalová nigdy nie stanęła na podium indywidualnych zawodów PŚ.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Czeskie biathlonistki
Urodzeni w 1975

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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crud (n.)
U.S. slang; said in "Dictionary of American Slang" to be originally 1920s army and 1930s college student slang for "venereal disease." Thus by 1940, "dirty, disreputable person," and by 1950, "undesirable impurity." By 1945 (with various modifiers) it was the G.I.'s name for disease of any and every sort."
Perhaps this word is a continuation of crud as the old metathesis variant of curd (q.v.), which would make it an unconscious return to the original Middle English form of that word. Century Dictionary (1897) has crud only in the sense "Obsolete or dialectal form of curd."
Entries linking to crud
curd (n.)
"coagulated or thickened part of milk," c. 1500, metathesis of crud (late 14c.), which originally was "any coagulated substance," probably from Old English crudan "to press, drive," perhaps via ancestor of Gaelic gruth (because cognates are unknown in other Germanic or Romance languages) from a PIE *greut- "to press, coagulate."
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Etymology of crud by etymonline
Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of crud. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/crud
Harper Douglas, "Etymology of crud," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/crud.
Harper, Douglas. "Etymology of crud." Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/crud. Accessed $(datetimeMla).
D. Harper. "Etymology of crud." Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/crud (accessed $(datetime)).
Dictionary entries near crud
cruciform
crucify
cruciverbalist
crudites
crudity


text:
An account on how Jakarta face the January terror attack. Though it must be admitted there are some things to be worried about the future of the nation, this piece highly expresses positive aspects of the situation and hope of a better future.
On 14 January 2016, there was a terror attack at MH. Thamrin road, near Sarinah building, almost at the very center of Jakarta. The site of the attack was under 5 kilometers away from the Presidential Palace, Vice President Palace, National Monument "Tugu Monas", United Nations Office, as well as from the Governor's office. There were gunfights and 11 explosives, consisted of hand-grenades and bombs, of which 6 were exploded.
The location where the terror attack unfolded itself was not at all a foreign one to me or any Jakartans.
In a regular day, Thamrin road will be congested with traffic every morning and evening, as workers come and go. It is one of the most prestigious road in Jakarta, together with General Sudirman road, they form a straight line where skyscrappers rise at its sides. Local and foreign companies love to put their headquarters and main branch there; there are head offices of banks, university, hospital, shopping center, high-class hotels and apartments, CBD, even Bursa Efek Jakarta (Jakarta Stock Exchange) located near this line of road. More importantly, there are a lot of Embassies and (as Thamrin road is connected directly to the Medan Merdeka set of roads) important governmental bodies' headquarters nearby.
Jakarta is the capital of a nation that unites 13 thousand islands, home to 255 million of people: Indonesia. Of that number, the majority 87% are Moslems, making Indonesia a nation with largest Moslem population on earth, even compared to any Arabian or Islamic states themselves, while maintaining democracy instead of Islamic Sharia as it's governmental and political structure since very beginning. Indonesia is not at all an Islamic state.
In regard to the recent terrorist attack, most Indonesians condemned it openly. They insisted that Islam does not teach people to kill each other, that Islam should be "rahmatan lil alamin", blessing for all mankind. Though there are minor disagreement, most Indonesians are of moderate Islam, that still believe in the slogan of the nation, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (unity in diversity).
Last year, the congress theme of one of the largest and oldest Islamic movement in Indonesia (Nahdlatul Ulama) was a new ideal of "Islam Nusantara" (Islam of the Archipelago); an interpretation of Islam that incorporates the locality aspects of Indonesia. It seems that the government greeted the idea happily.
But yes, though very minor in number, there are still groups of people - both openly or in discreet - believe that it is good to die while killing people of different religion, that their God requires them to do so, that there will be seventy-two virgin women waiting for them up in heaven. Backwards? Absolutely!
From my point of view, the root of this idocy would be a mixture of several factors: Economically repressed society with no good rational and logical education tend to look for "answers" irrationally, they tend to buy erroneous heavenly propaganda, they tend to enjoy being distracted from the actual earthly problems, they are infected by escapism out of their ugly life and looking for goodness in the hokum of other life.
In short, some people love their opiums so much they would die for it. And we've seen that kind of primitivity many times in many places around the world, by the followers of diverse brand of opiums. On 14th of January 2015, it happened in Jakarta.
2. Progression
Though I live in Jakarta, I cannot share first person experience of the incident for I work in the town next door. But from the reports, backed up by uncut CCTV record from across the street, the proceeding of the incident was as follows:
10.39 - Explosion of a suicide bomber at the Starbucks Coffee.
10.40 - Or ten seconds after the first explosion to be exact, second explosion of a suicide bomber at the police post in the middle of the road.
10.44 - Police secured the area.
10.48 - Two gunmen appeared and shot at polices as well as at the crowding civilians. One of them then shot two foreign men in the Starbucks Coffee.
10.58 - Police forces cornered the two gunmen to the parking lot in front of the Starbucks Coffee, who then threw away some small bombs towards the polices, but one failure of throwing had them killed by the explosion of their own largest bomb.
11.10 - Polices, anti bomb (Gegana), and anti terror (Densus 88) squads started to clear and secure the buildings nearby.
12.34 - The President, that was in other city that day, made a press conference, commanding the authority to pursue and arrest the attackers and those who involved. He said he will shorten his visit and will immediately go back to the capital.
"We condemn actions that disrupt public security and disturb the peace of the people and sow terror. I have instructed the Police chief and the coordinating minister for political, legal and security affairs to pursue and arrest the perpetrators and their networks."
"The people do not need to be afraid and should not be defeated by these terrorist acts. I hope that people remain calm because it is all controllable."
13.00 - The government put the army and their heavy vehicles on parade along the Sudirman and Thamrin road as a show of force and control.
16.00 - At noon, five hours after the fatal incident involving heavy shootings, grenades, and bombs, together with the Governor of Jakarta, some ministers, army and police chief, The President of Indonesia Joko Widodo visited the site.
15 January 2016 - The visit carried out again with a much relaxed appearance by The President a day after that, on 15 January. He visited some shops, then he greeted the receptionist officers and foreign tourists in Kempinsky hotel nearby.
Meanwhile since the dawn of that day, anti terror polices started a large campaign of arresting terrorists suspects and their supporters across many cities and towns in Indonesia. The campaign was carried out up to several weeks after the incident.
The details has also been reported in many foreign news, including by a foreign journalist who was even as close as 50 meters away from the incident.
For some time after white smoke burst out from Starbucks Coffee, the traffic on the Thamrin road were not affected. No one seems to understood what happened at that time. After the second explosion at the police post which located in the middle of the road the officers nearby realised that it was an attack. They immediately sterilized the road and secure the area.
Then in a few minutes, suddenly people were crowding the police post to see what had happened. They didn't know that there were two gunmen sneaking around. Only after the gunmen pulled out their guns and started to shoot that the crowd realise the real danger they were in and ran away, emptying the road once again.
When police forces managed to corner the gunmen to the parking lot of Starbucks Coffee, very soon crowd gathered again watching the exchange of shootings. They faithfully waited and watched until it all ended, until the police finished their duty of securing and documenting the site, until night fell down in Jakarta.
Indeed there's probably something wrong with Jakartans. Later we know from social media, that even during the attack, some people were still selling food and toys very close to the site of the attack.
Social media and modern communication tools played a very important role in the wake of the event. News, update, photograph, videos, and - of course - rumors spread very fast through all available channels; through conventional means of peer to peer communication like SMS, BBM, and WhatsApp and especially through the more social like Facebook, Twitter, and Path.
It weren't always facts that spread through social media channels. During the incident and on the first hours after, there were several false alarms and rumors spread; that there were several other attacks in various other locations across Jakarta, that there were terrorists taking hostages in some building far away from the Thamrin road, and that the attack are still ongoing. But in a very short time, as soon as the government clarified that there were no other attack in Jakarta besides the one being dealt and that it was all over and handled successfully, the Jakarta people's mood changed dramatically. About three hours away after the initial attack, people started to send positive messages across the social medias, #kamitidaktakut was world wide number one trending in Twitter and the same messages flooded Facebook's timelines; sending one simple message that we, the people of Jakarta IS NOT AFRAID.
Their mood rose higher towards that evening; they sent even stronger messages of courage, that this is Jakarta and no one can terrorize its people, that the terrorists' ideology has no place in their society, that they are still sticking together. Further still, they made fun of the terrorists, they created a lot of memes mocking the terror act earlier that day, turned the tragedy into a dark comedy, while as an addition to #kamitidaktakut, the women of Jakarta launched something so original that day, #kaminaksir #polisiganteng (we have crushed on handsome police): Pinpointing handsome police officers captured in the news photographs, gossiping about their name, their fashion style, and of course their status.
"I said go to Suriah (Syria), stupid!"
"Yeah, Sarinah isn't it?"
The terrorists targeted the location because of its prominence economically and politically. A terror right on the heart of a nation intended to shock and terrorize the entire nation, and that's what every terrorist dreamt of. Just like the 2000 bomb attack on the Jakarta Stock Exchange building; trading activity was stopped for two days and depressed the stock trading for months.
And that was what actually can be happened and to some degree already happened that day, the nation shocked, but it was not last long and it was not that bad.
Rupiah was slipped slightly from 13,861 per USD on 13 January to 13,877 per USD. A mere 16 points that didn't reflect great fear and distrust. A far more relaxed situation than the decrement being anticipated towards the end of 2015 affected by global economic turmoils.
Indonesian Composite Index (IDX/IHSG) was dropped 42 points at the midday break but when the second session of trading was opened, the Indonesian Composite Index was crawling back up again. It was closed at 0.53% lower than the previous day, a very small gap compared to the decrements caused by the uncertainty of The Fed. The number was even better when compared to other regional index fluctuations that day; such as Nikkei Tokyo -2,68% and Singapore Strait Times Index -1,93%.
4. Reflection
It was a failed terror.
The terrorists failed to terrorize the nation; not its people, nor its economy. The failure was so great in a sense it became a parody entertainment for the people of Jakarta.
It was an incident that shows, after the people's very eyes, what a religious radicalism really are and what it can be. It gave us reflection and chance to ask ourselves, what kind of religiosity would we want to live up and how we want to treat our religions? The incident slightly escalated the tension that forcing the people to decide: being stupid or being rational.
It is now exactly a month since. Our deepest condolences to the fallen victims and we condemn and curse any terror attack towards civilians for any reason. After all, though for a short period of time, the attack created a sense of belonging, sense of togetherness, and sense of citizenship, especially for the people of Jakarta.
"Selamat pagi warga jakarta yg pemberani, kita kembali beraktivitas seperti biasa.
Mari bareng-bareng jagain kota kita."
"Good morning brave Jakartans, we live our day as usual. Let's protect our city together."
(Governor Ahok's first tweet the next morning.)
On Sunday, 17 January 2016, three days away since the terror attack, the weekly agenda of Car Free Day along the Sudirman and Thamrin road was going on as usual, crowded and jolly, with one addition: a performance of Dayak native Dance of War.
Pada bagian sebelumnya ( Moratorium New Town di Pulau Jawa ) kita telah membahas bahwa pada suatu titik, akan diperlukan Moratorium Pengemba...
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This section contains information for those looking for a low sugar diet or nutrition information that can help those with diabetes.
Hello fitness friends, look and see what health topic is raising eyebrows along with questions these days: Sugar and its possible link to obesity. According to Phillip and Jackie Mills, MD, authors of Fighting Globesity, over 30 percent of Americans are now clinically obese and 70 percent are either overweight or obese.
The Standard American Diet, also known as the SAD Diet, is laden with sugar and refined carbohydrates. Unfortunately this is what most people in this country consume every day. Well let's talk about carbohydrates. Are there "good carbs" and "bad carbs"?
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy or fuel in our diets. They can be divided into two groups, simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.


The implication is of course they're the identical person from various universes. It's a framework for the evolution of physical theories. There's nothing dogmatic about science.
In this instance, the question becomes why our universe has properties that appear to be so finely tuned to permit for the occurrence of life. Not only are you going to comprehend the nuances behind ancient wisdom and scientific discoveries, but you are going to term paper help be given an in-depth plan to create a lot greater world for yourself and your nearest and dearest. Naturally, the important religions of earth answer yes" and ask that we accept it as an issue of faith.
It is the consequence of thinking and reflection. In statistics, prediction is part of statistical inference, and the field is called predictive inference. Space and time is made up of exactly the same essence as matter.
Most physicists utilize quantum mechanics each day in their working lives without having to think too much about the fundamental problem of its interpretation. The response to this is apparently leaning strongly toward the thought that there isn't just a single universe that could be created, but there are a wide variety of fundamental theories (or distinct variants term paper help of the identical theory, dependent on different physical parameters, original energy states, etc) and our universe is only one of these potential universes. Over the past century, scientists have produced fascinating theories about the way the things which make up atoms get the job done.
When you dismantle something make certain to be organized, place the bolts and parts together so that you can reassemble without too much troubles. With a complicated web of switches having many neighbors, it quickly becomes quite frustrating to try and locate the appropriate combination to supply you with the lowest value in general. Obviously, it doesn't signify that in case you get shoes from a favorite brand you will secure the best shoes for your feet.
The absolute most serious needs occur in fields which are rapidly changing. Although rather hard to visualize, imaginary time isn't imaginary in the feeling of being unreal or made-up. It is only the way in which the world works.
Rather than performing quantum-mechanics computations in regard to wave functions (kets), it may be essential to describe a quantum-mechanical system in regard to a density matrix. Someone who studies term paper help quantum mechanics may examine how these particles behave and the way in which they interact with electromagnetic radiation. There are a number of ways to comprehend why quantum mechanics is tough to simulate.
Quantum parallelism is utilized to do a massive number of computations at precisely the same time, and quantum interference is utilized to combine their results into something which is both meaningful and can be measured based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Already it's practically not possible to describe radio waves concerning particles. This interference prevents the usage of statistical sampling to get the quantum state configurations.
Electrons have been demonstrated to behave as waves. The typical lifetime of the kaon is all about 1010 second. Even when removed from one another, these particles will continue to share the exact same properties.
Physics supplies an excellent background for a huge variety of careers. When these materials are largely non-restrictive and free to access, you will need to learn independently as you cannot interact with the professor of the program. Students can pick from one of 3 plans causing the Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.
Understand the Results Once you've completed the issue, look at it again. The procedure for request won't take you more than a moment. Find out more regarding the Kindle Personal Document Service.
Quanta's contributors and enthusiasts are almost always delighted to provide help. Illness or emergencies have to be documented if you wish to excuse a late homework. Consciousness, to put it differently, would do the job much like a quantum computer.
As a scientist, you may have a wonderful concept, but you need to implement it in the actual world. It's therefore not surprising that quantum computing is not likely to attain the distribution level of classical computers anytime within the subsequent 10 decades. The technology is going to be made available to the general public via an as-a-service business model.
The right relation to understand a circumstance is dependent on what the observers are measuring. The material is probably going to appeal to researchers starting out on a career, or to those searching for a new research direction that is simply opening up and that's very likely to present promising opportunities for the near future. When one measures the job of the particle, it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome.
In order to acquire the system to tweak its own energy application, you begin by showing the system lots and a lot of instances of the concept that you would like it to learn about. It's a fantastic story, though. The result is virtually a masterpiece.
These challenges provide opportunities to earn foundational advancements in both fields. This uncertainty can be extremely powerful once you are designing systems which have the ability to make complex decisions and learn about the world. The bodily consequences of these results could be demonstrated in the next experiment.


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CS 4250: Database Management Systems
Spring 2022 - Homework 1
Due 1 March 2022
This is an individual assignment. All work must be your own. You should not look at any other student's work (in whole or in part, on paper or on screen), nor allow anyone else to look at yours, during the course of this assignment.
Turn in as hardcopy (in class time) or upload to the CS Homework system on or before midnight on 1 March 2022. Typed, wherever possible. Or photographs of hand-drawn answers (dark writing, white paper, even lighting). Save in a widely used file format, like JPG, PNG, etc.
When drawing ER diagrams, be obvious. Put a gap between double-lines. Draw subset symbols nice and large.
Consider a database containing information about telescopes in space. Create entities and relationships as appropriate for each (independent) situation described below.
Information that is true for all of the following ER diagrams: Each space telescope has a unique name, a payload mass, a planned mission duration, and an insignia.
For each of the following situations, draw an ER diagram that describes it. Consider each situation independently. (Multiple situations means multiple, separate ER diagrams in a correct homework solution.)
Information in parentheses is simply information. Information in parentheses does not affect the ER diagrams, but may help you understand the real world context of the question. (Note: I may have "fudged" the truth a bit, on these questions, to make a good homework questions. Draw the ER diagram for the situations described.)
Each space telescope is organizeded and run by one or more space agencies. An organizing space agency is required for a space telescope to exist. The database stores a unique identifying name for each agency, the date the agency was founded, the full and formal name of the agency (which might not be unique), and the location of the agency headquarters. A space agency may organize many space telescopes or none at all.
Each space telescope, if it has been launched, is launched from one launch site. The database stores the name, latitude, longitude, elevation, and surface area of each launch site. The latitude and longitude, together, can uniquely identify each launch site. Some launch sites have launches many telescopes, and some have launched none. (Some telescopes in the database are still under construction and have not been launched.)
Some space telescopes are powered by solar panels, some are powered by nuclear fuel. Some have both sources of power; all telescopes must have at least one power source. For the telescopes with solar panels, the database stores how many panels there are, and the total surface area of the panels. For the telescopes powered by nuclear fuel, the database stores how many grams of fuel, and what chemical isotope the fuel is. (Commonly plutonium-238, but other sources are possible.)
Space telescopes must have at least one instrument installed, but may have more than one. Instruments may be installed on more than one telescope, or on none (if still under construction). Each instrument has a name, a minimum wavelength it can detect and a maximum wavelength it can detect. Also, for each instrument installed on a particular telescope, the database stores the date the instrument was installed and the date the instrument finished being built. (For example, the Fermi space telescope has two instruments. As a different example, a particular type of infrared light detector might be installed on two telescopes.)
Some space telescopes have servicing missions. A telescope might be serviced (fixed and upgraded) by zero servicing missions or many. Servicing missions are identified by number (1, 2, 3...) for a particular telescope. In addition to the mission number, each servicing mission has a start date, an end date, a servicing vehicle, and a mission description. Servicing mission numbers (1, 2, 3...) only identify a mission for a particular telescope.
Translate the following image into relations. Write the SQL statements to create those relations. Write English explanations of anything in the ER diagram that is not captured in your SQL. Assume all keys are data type 'integer' and all other fields are data type 'date'.
(Let me know if the diagram is too small and you want a bigger version of it.)
Suppose a database has the following three relations.
Museum (mid: integer, name: string, address: string, website: string, foundingYear: integer, annualBudget: integer)
Displays (museumID: integer, artID: integer, startDate: date)
ArtItem (aid: integer, title: string, weightPnd: integer, type: string, pricePaid: integer)
ExhibitsIn (artID: integer, exhibitID: integer, insuranceCost: integer, deliveryDate: date, homeMuseum: integer)
Exhibition (eID: integer, title: string, startdate: date, enddate: date, specialFee: integer)
(The "bit" data type stores 0 or 1. False or true. Booleans.)
"museumID" in Displays is a foreign key referencing "mid" in Museum.
"exhibitID" in ExhibitsIn is a foreign key referencing "eid" in Exhibition.
"artID" in Displays and ExhibitsIn are foreign keys referencing "aid" in ArtItem. The art item weights are measured in pounds.
You may assume simple boolean comparisons (<, >, ≠) work on dates.
If you are unfamiliar with art museums, they will frequently organize special exhibitions. Museums will borrow art from other museums for a few months, art that fits an exhibition theme, and charge a small extra fee for admission to the exhibition. For examples, here are some past Asian Art Museum of San Francisco exhibitions. Art items must, of course, be insured appropriately before they leave their home museum and are shipped to the exhibition host museum, in case of loss or damage in transit.
Write the following queries in relational algebra.
Find the titles and prices paid for art items that are of type "marble statue."
Find the exhibition titles and start dates for exhibitions that include art items that will be delivered to the exhibition later than February 2022.
Find the museum names and addresses, and art item identifiers. The art items are scheduled to be displayed in the museum starting after March 2022.
Find the titles and types of art items that will be displayed in an exhibition titled "Guo Pei: Couture Fantasy".
Find the art item titles and art identifiers, and museum names, for art items that have been displayed at a museum named "Legion of Honor Museum" or at a museum named Seattle Art Museum".
Find the art item titles and art identifiers for art items that have been displayed at a museum named "de Young Museum" and at a museum named "Art Institute Chicago".


Topsy Crettz - The Secret ( Original Mix ) Stream and Downloads - https://fanlink.to/thesecret Follow Cherokee Recordings: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6AW5Ee9WBUYYe5WSXNrQYg https://soundcloud.com/cherokeerecordings https://www.facebook.com/cherokeerecordings https://twitter.com/CherokeeRecords Follow Topsy Crettz: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjWo8dqt9XuWbJCsraeCU4g https://soundcloud.com/topsy-crettz-682582608 https://www.facebook.com/topsy.crettz.75 Video: https://vimeo.com/antoinevandenbrouck https://vimeo.com/helifilmsweden The channel is good music on Youtube. Like it! And subscribe to the channel! TO OWNERS AND COPYRIGHT: This channel is created to promote the best songs, performers, and producers. We do not want to violate copyrights. If you want to delete a song or video, please let us know - we can immediately remove it from our channel.


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Home › Business & Economy
Sweetie Pie's Last Location Closed Over The Weekend
Tanay Hudson
The last location of Robbie Montgomery's Sweetie Pie's Upper Crust closed over the weekend.
Montgomery announced on Instagram that the beloved eatery will close its doors on Sept. 25. In a sign posted at the restaurant, it says that they will be shutting down "to make room for the more than four hundred million dollar Cochran Veterans Hospital expansion."
This news comes days after her son, Tim Norman, was convicted of murder-for-hire after arranging the 2016 murder of his nephew and Montgomery's grandson, Andre Montgomery. Before his murder, Norman, 41, took out a $450,000 fraudulent life insurance on Montgomery and tried to cash it in after his death.
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He orchestrated this plan with the help of Terica Ellis, who lured Montgomery outside where he was shot by Travell Anthony Hill. Norman paid Ellis $10,000 and paid Hill $5,000. Norman took out the life insurance with the help of Waiel "Wally" Rebhi Yaghnam. All of his accomplices have pleaded guilty to their charges, according to the Department Of Justice. Hill pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit murder-for-hire and one count of murder-for-hire. Ellis pleaded guilty to a murder-for-hire conspiracy charge. Yaghnam pleaded guilty to wire and mail fraud conspiracy.
Robbie Montgomery hasn't commented on her son's conviction.
According to St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Montgomery had a feeling Norman was plotting against him.
"TIM IS AFTER ME OR SOMETHING," he texted his grandmother. "I'm not just bout to be sitting in STL (when) I know Tim got people looking for me."
They all starred on the OWN reality show, Welcome to Sweetie Pie's, which premiered in 2011. The show followed Robbie Montgomery, a former Ikette with Ike and Tina Turner, as she ran her family business in St. Louis and Mississippi. Norman managed all of the restaurants. It was canceled in 2018 after five seasons.
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This article was originally posted on MadameNoire.com
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Sweetie Pie's Last Location Closed Over The Weekend was originally published on rickeysmileymorningshow.com


Boucher is a surname that evolved during the medieval era in the French region of was an occupational name for someone who worked as a e name originally derived from the Old French word bochier, which means butcher. The English word butcher is from Middle English bo(u)cher, itself from Anglo-Norman bucher.
But my husband believed me. That was the most important thing but it was very stressful on our marriage. Looking back, shes understandably angry. It disgusts me I endured this for years and years. I went through pregnancies where I was deathly ill and risked.


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Dealer Management System Providers Join the Fray in Dispute Over Proper Scope of State Dealer Laws
Brandon Bigelow, Caleb Schillinger, Eric Walz
Seyfarth Shaw LLP
The two leading Dealer Management System ("DMS") providers in the United States—CDK Global, LLC ("CDK") and The Reynolds & Reynolds Company ("Reynolds")—have filed suit in federal court in Arizona seeking to block an amendment to that state's dealer statute that would require them to give free access to their systems to certain third parties. The recent change to the Arizona dealer statute is notable because it goes beyond the dealer-manufacturer relationship to regulate private arrangements between automobile dealers and other parties. The arguments made by the DMS providers against the Arizona law will be familiar to automobile manufacturers who have brought challenges to state dealer statutes in the past; if successful, these arguments may have an impact on the scope of these statutes going forward.
The Relationship Between Dealers and DMS Providers. Under their agreements with manufacturers, dealers promise to engage in the active and effective sale and service of new motor vehicles and parts to consumers in their area. The efficient performance of this obligation requires dealers to keep track of vital business information including accounting, payroll, inventory, sales, parts, service, finance, and insurance. Because much of this is heavily regulated consumer and financial data, dealers use specially-designed computerized dealer management systems to perform these functions. Dealers license the software and hardware that comprise these systems from CDK, Reynolds, or another DMS provider.
Other businesses called "integrators" collect DMS data and make it compatible with vendor applications; vendors then use DMS data that has been processed by an integrator to provide additional services to dealers for a fee. Because DMS data is heavily regulated and the DMS platform uses proprietary software, the agreements between DMS providers and dealers typically prohibit dealers from allowing third parties (like integrators and vendors) to access DMS software and data without the provider's permission. These restrictions have been the subject of recent antitrust lawsuits brought by dealers, integrators, and vendors.
DMS Providers Challenge the Amended Arizona Dealer Statute. In April 2019, Arizona enacted the Dealer Data Security Law (the "DMS Law")—codified at Sections 28-4651 to 28-4655 of the Arizona Revised Statutes—which amended the Arizona dealer statute to add provisions regulating the relationship between dealers and DMS providers. The new statutory provisions, which were due to go into effect on August 27, 2019, require DMS providers to give access to their proprietary systems to any third party identified by an automotive dealership as an authorized integrator, and prohibit DMS providers from charging a fee for such access.
In late July 2019, CDK and Reynolds filed a complaint for declaratory judgment and sought preliminary injunctive relief prohibiting enforcement of the DMS Law by the Arizona Department of Transportation. In a strongly worded complaint, CDK and Reynolds allege that the DMS Law was "falsely described to legislators as a consumer-protecting data privacy measure"; that the amendment to the dealer statute was in fact "drafted and pushed through by the Arizona Automobile Dealers Association"; and that "[f]ar from protecting consumers, the DMS Law necessarily puts consumers' data at extremely high risk . . . ." CDK and Reynolds contend that the DMS Law is preempted by federal copyright law, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and other federal statutes; runs afoul of the Contracts Clause, Dormant Commerce Clause, and Due Process Clause of the U.S. Constitution; and also invades the First Amendment rights of CDK and Reynolds and constitutes a forced taking of their property without just compensation.
In early September 2019, the court entered an order approving a proposed briefing schedule by the parties and prohibiting the Department of Transportation from enforcing the DMS Law pending resolution of the motion for preliminary injunction. Soon thereafter, the Arizona Automobile Dealers Association ("AADA") intervened in the case, and in late September 2019, the AADA and the Department of Transportation filed their responses, arguing that although CDK and Reynolds owned their DMS platforms, dealers owned the data stored on that platform; emphasizing the requirements imposed by the DMS Law on integrators to take appropriate steps to protect dealer data received from DMS platforms; and dismissing the statutory and constitutional arguments made by CDK and Reynolds as misplaced. The court has granted CDK and Reynolds until October 28, 2019 to prepare and file a consolidated reply; no hearing on the motion for preliminary injunction has yet been set.
OEMs Should Watch This Space. The constitutional arguments made by CDK and Reynolds will be familiar to manufacturers who have in the past challenged dealer statutes for overreaching and intruding into private arrangements between parties. In particular, the Dormant Commerce Clause and Contracts Clause arguments presented by CDK and Reynolds are reminiscent of the arguments made in Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers v. Gwadosky, 430 F.3d 30 (1st Cir. 2005), in which the First Circuit rejected constitutional challenges to a provision of the Maine dealer statute prohibiting manufacturers from imposing a surcharge to recover the cost of compliance with that law's warranty reimbursement requirements. The DMS providers' challenge to the DMS Law presents the first serious constitutional challenge to a state dealer law since Gwadosky, and bears watching in the coming months.
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Lili Reinhart apologized for what she described as a "racially insensitive" photo of a woman in a black costume. The 21-year-old actress posted a picture from DeviantArt on the weekend of a woman dressed as a "demon," where her skin was dark black.
In the post, she wrote, "found my Halloween costume!! Inspired by the color of my soul!" The image created a prompt social media outrage. Due to the backlash, she deleted the original post and offered an apology to any person she may have offended.
Reinhart isn't the only Hollywood performer to be accused of "blackface" or "brownface" on Halloween. Social media users criticized Julianne Hough for wearing dark makeup while portraying a character from Orange Is The New Black, Uzo Aduba's character, Crazy Eyes.
After the outrage, Julianne apologized as well, saying, "it was never my intention to be disrespectful or demeaning to anyone in any way." The model Heidi Klum came under fire for a Halloween outfit when she dressed up as the Hindu goddess, Kali.
Additionally, social media users accused Colton Haynes of "blackface" when he dressed up as Kanye West for Halloween in 2011. In a live stream in 2013, he apologized for the costume. In recent news, many Halloween costumes have been deemed as inappropriate due to alleged racism and cultural appropriation, with some universities such as Northern Arizona University creating a list of what is acceptable and what is not.
'Doctor Who': Meet The Three New Cast Members Joining New Doctor Jodie Whitaker!


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Traveling Together
I have an uncle, Rev. Gordon Giese, who celebrates his 80th birthday next week. He's a retired LCMS pastor, ordained in 1961. I write this little devotion in thanksgiving for his faithful service to our synod.
"...but supposing Him to be in the group (Luke 2:44).
In the Greek original, the word for group is "synod," and it's worth a closer look. (It is used only here in the New Testament, although a verb form occurs in Acts 9:7.)
And that's partly because my congregation and I are part of a church body called The Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod, made up of over six thousand congregations. It was established in 1847 by German immigrants in search of religious freedom.
It's often said that "synod" means to "walk together." But there's a little more to it, and the picture given in Luke 2 is perfect.
In traveling to and from Jerusalem for the Passover, Joseph, Mary, and twelve-year-old Jesus (at least on the way there) were part of a synod: a caravan made up of relatives, friends, and neighbors. People did this because there was safety in numbers. They could also help each other on the way. They probably sang. They shared the journey and its joy - and its challenges.
That's a synod.
And that, then, is the idea behind the Missouri Synod. A caravan. A people traveling together through a spiritual desert or dangerous country on the way to the Heavenly Jerusalem. No one and no congregation travels alone. We help and encourage each other! We share the joy and the challenges of the journey, singing our way to the Feast!
"Synod," in the minds of many, is synonymous with bureaucracy. Such a pity! In reality, no better word for the church could be found than the one that means a caravan of pilgrims. "Pilgrims here, our home above, full of faith and hope and love!"


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Cold Climate Evolution
Species come and go faster near the poles
Just as breaking into a crowded market can be tough, it turns out that fewer species arise in the biodiversity-rich tropics. But alternative markets can be risky. While species in colder climes evolve faster, they also die out faster, thus keeping their numbers low.
So says a surprising new study in Science, nixing the popular view that species evolve faster in the tropics. The study also offers a neat solution to the long-standing puzzle of why there are more species at the equator than at higher latitudes.
To gauge rates of evolution by latitude, Jason Weir and Dolph Schluter of the University of British Columbia, Canada, determined the ages of closely related pairs of bird and mammal species up and down the Americas. The sister species in each pair split from a common ancestor relatively recently in geological time.
Genetic analysis of hundreds of these pairs showed that new species arise progressively faster as you go from the equator toward the poles. Sister species near the equator split apart as many as 10 million years ago, with an average age of several million years. In contrast, sister species at the highest latitudes were all younger than 1 million years.
The researchers say that evolution and extinction may be faster in higher latitudes because the climate there can swing wildly, with glaciers coming and going. "Extreme climate changes provide more opportunity for species ranges to be split. Once split, they begin the process of becoming separate species," says Weir. But these changes can also kill off existing species that can't adapt.
"I would be most concerned for arctic ecosystems, where background extinction rates are highest," says Weir. "Human-induced climate change may accelerate these even further."
Weir, J.T. and D. Schluter. The latitudinal gradient in recent speciation and extinction rates of birds and mammals. Science 315:1574-1576.
photo: ©Leslie Banks/istockphoto.com


Through the years we have listened to what our clients are telling us. More specifically, what they are telling us about certain products that are difficult to source and are often quite limited in their range.
From these conversations Latitude Interiors have begun the development of a number of products to 'fill the gaps' but also to provide complete solutions.
The first of these items is a range called Panellist.
A straight forward wall panel system to which you can add drawer units, mirrors, desks, headboards, TV's, mini bars etc. The system is a modular panel and, importantly, can be produced off site and installed rapidly.
Each system can be tailored to the project but the key aspect is the level of detail not found in other wall panel systems.
Although this system has a wide breadth of possible uses we see this as a great solution for Hotel guest suites, Home offices and even Executive offices.


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<?php
require_once dirname(__FILE__)."/amon/config.php";
require_once dirname(__FILE__)."/amon/data.php";
require_once dirname(__FILE__)."/amon/errors.php";
require_once dirname(__FILE__)."/amon/remote.php";

class Amon
{

    static $exceptions;

    static $previous_exception_handler;
    static $previous_error_handler;

    static $controller;
    static $action;
    static $config_array;

    /**
     *  Overwrite the default configuration
     *  Amon::config(array('port', 'host', 'application_key'))
     *
     */
    public static function config($array)
    {
        self::$config_array = (object)$array;
        // Construct the url
        self::$config_array->url = sprintf("%s:%d",
            self::$config_array->host,
            self::$config_array->port);

    }

    /** Check for the config array or default to /etc/amon.conf */
    private function _get_config_object()
    {
        if(empty(self::$config_array))
        {
            $config = new AmonConfig();
        }
        else
        {
            $config = self::$config_array;
        }

        return $config;

    }

    /**
     * Log!
     *
     * @param string $message
     * @param string $level
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public static function log($message, $tags='')
    {
        $data = array(
            'message' => $message,
            'tags'  => $tags
        );
        $config = self::_get_config_object();
        $log_url = sprintf("%s/api/log", $config->url);
        if($config->application_key){
            $log_url = sprintf("%s/%s", $log_url, $config->application_key);
        }

        AmonRemote::request($log_url, $data);
    }

    static function setup_exception_handler()
    {

        self::$exceptions = array();
        self::$action = "";
        self::$controller = "";

        // set exception handler & keep old exception handler around
        self::$previous_exception_handler = set_exception_handler(
            array("Amon", "handle_exception")
        );

        self::$previous_error_handler = set_error_handler(
            array("Amon", "handle_error")
        );

        register_shutdown_function(
            array("Amon", "shutdown")
        );
    }

    static function shutdown()
    {
        if ($e = error_get_last())
        {
            self::handle_error($e["type"], $e["message"], $e["file"], $e["line"]);
        }
    }

    static function handle_error($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline)
    {
        if (!(error_reporting() & $errno)) {
            return;
        }

        switch ($errno) {
        case E_NOTICE:
        case E_USER_NOTICE:
            $ex = new PhpNotice($errstr, $errno, $errfile, $errline);
            break;

        case E_WARNING:
        case E_USER_WARNING:
            $ex = new PhpWarning($errstr, $errno, $errfile, $errline);
            break;

        case E_STRICT:
            $ex = new PhpStrict($errstr, $errno, $errfile, $errline);
            break;

        case E_PARSE:
            $ex = new PhpParse($errstr, $errno, $errfile, $errline);
            break;

        default:
            $ex = new PhpError($errstr, $errno, $errfile, $errline);
        }

        self::handle_exception($ex, false);

        if (self::$previous_error_handler) {
            call_user_func(self::$previous_error_handler, $errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline);
        }
    }
    /*
     * Exception handle class. Pushes the current exception onto the exception
     * stack and calls the previous handler, if it exists. Ensures seamless
     * integration.
     */
    static function handle_exception($exception, $call_previous = true)
    {
        $config = self::_get_config_object();
        $exception_url = sprintf("%s/api/exception", $config->url);
        if($config->application_key){
            $exception_url = sprintf("%s/%s", $exception_url, $config->application_key);
        }

        self::$exceptions[] = $exception;

        $data = new AmonData($exception);
        AmonRemote::request($exception_url, $data->data);

        // if there's a previous exception handler, we call that as well
        if ($call_previous && self::$previous_exception_handler) {
            call_user_func(self::$previous_exception_handler, $exception);
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


To buy an obscure, out of print book, try AbeBooks.com.
To find the book at the New York Public Library, first search the catalog online.
If you can't buy the book or find it at the New York Public Library, check the Online Computer Library Center to figure out if it's in a university library near you. To get access to their search engine (which apparently can only be reached through partner websites), do a search at AbeBooks.com for something that doesn't exist — i.e., type "give me the OCLC" in the Author field. The "Matches found: 0" search results page will include a link which reads "Find it at a local library" which will take you to the OCLC page. A search there may reveal your book's residence at a number of local colleges.
Read your book at a local college.
This can be tricky. I found that my book lived at Pace University, NYU, CUNY, and Columbia. When I called these various libraries, only Pace would let me, a non-student, walk in as a visitor to read the book. Alas, the Pace library only had volume 2 of the publication I needed… So I called NYU and discovered that I would need to get a "Metro Referral Card" from the New York Public Library (which would vouch that the book was not in the NYPL system) in order to gain entrance to the NYU library.
Metro Referral Cards are only given at the Midtown Branch of the NYPL. As I discovered, the Midtown Library at the southeast corner of 40th and 5th is NOT the right branch — instead, you have to go to room 315 of the big research library (the one with the lions in front of it) on the northwest corner of 40th and 5th.
When I said I needed a Metro Referral Card, the librarian nodded, asked me for the name of the author, the first word in the book's title, and the library which had it. He filled in a yellow card, which I took down to the NYU Bobst Library, where I was given a day pass.
Triumph! With one last irony — it turns out the book I needed was in the Tamiment Library (a specialized collection of labor history) on the 10th floor of the Bobst Library at NYU — and since the Tamiment Library is open to the general public, I didn't need the Metro Referral Card after all.
Field is best known for his ubiquitous book "Screenplay," but I found "Four Screenplays" more helpful. The book provides in-depth structural analysis of the screenplays of four successful movies: "Thelma and Louise," "Terminator 2," "The Silence of the Lambs," and "Dances with Wolves." Practical and extremely helpful.
McKee can come off as a bit of a blowhard in print (and apparently in person, if the depiction of him in "Adaptation" is to be trusted), but I thought just about everything in his book was right on the money.
Many festivals lock in their opening, closing, and spotlight films many months ahead of time — sometimes before their official call for entries has even closed. Now usually festivals directly solicit their high-profile films from the filmmakers. But even if you haven't been solicited, if you have a feature film which you think has a real shot at a spotlight slot, submit your film as early as you can. And follow up over the next months by emailing information about any new awards or press your film has received.