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electric slide songs
Some say it's mystic It's electric Boogie woogie, woogie You can't resist it It's electric Boogie woogie, woogie You can't do without it It's electric Boogie woogie, woogie Jiggle-a-mesa-cara she's a pumpin' like a matic She's movin' like electric She sure got the boogie. The songwriter is 71 year old Neville Livingston aka Bunny Wailer . Get to Know Us. Step to right with right, slide left together. The Electric Slide is one of the most popular dances in HISTORY. Here are some popular dance songs that include contemporary pop, hip hop, soul, funk, r&b and country. However, there were classic electric slide songs which were famous before and are still famous now. Best line dance songs; Pop line dance songs; Best Line Wedding Dance Songs. The following is a step by step guide how to properly do one variation of The Electric Slide. [UPDATE 7:20pm PT: Snopes reports that Electric Slide's songwriter "Bunny Wailer" Livingston denies that the song was about a vibrator. The Electric (better known as The Electric Slide) is a four wall line dance set to Marcia Griffiths and Bunny Wailer's song "Electric Boogie".. 1-16 of over 1,000 results for Digital Music: "Electric Slide" Electric Slide. This song is fabulous for a beginner slide player. Jiggle-a-mesa-cara She's a pumpin' like a Original Song – "Electric Boogie" By Marcia Griffiths. The Loco-Motion #9. These dances catch on because they are fun and easy to do. Answer (1 of 4): There are many country songs that are suited to the Electric Slide dance, the key is understanding that the time signature of 4/4 is best suited to this particular dance and any country song that has that or a similar signature, could be suitable.What is the Electric Slide?The Electric Slide is a dance that was devised primarily for the song Electric Boogie by Marcia Griffiths. More Songs By Electric Slide → Find the best workout music at jog.fm. Other Alternative songs – Source: 1. "A Little Less Talk & A Lot More Action," Toby Keith 2. As the years and many gatherings have passed by, many electric slide songs were used and discovered as well. Find the songs with BPMs to match your running, walking, cycling or spinning pace. It reached number 51 on the US Billboard Hot 100 making it her most successful single. Celebration #2. Shout #6. Electric Slide - Faster is a popular song by Electric Slide Party | Create your own TikTok videos with the Electric Slide - Faster song and explore 1 videos made by new and popular creators. The legendary song we all know and love, "The Electric Slide", also known as "The Electric Boogie", has revealed its true meaning from the songwriter himself Neville Livingston. Play That Funky Music #10. Also called Electric Slide is a fun hit by Marcia Griffiths, a popular tune for wedding line dances. Line Dance SongsRead More Yes, it sounds a lot like what Robert Johnson played on his I Believe I'll Dust My Broom several years earlier, but James played his riff on an electric guitar , pretty much claiming it for himself in the process and sending chills down the spine of a new generation. song name Electric Slide by Marcia Griffiths hope you enjoy It's Electric! 80's Pop - Electric Slide Lyrics. It has some seriously slow tasty licks to be played and a super fun song. Hokey Pokey. 2. Check out Electric Slide by Electric Slide Dance Party DJ's on Amazon Music. Electric Slide is a popular song by Party Music for Kids | Create your own TikTok videos with the Electric Slide song and explore 0 videos made by new and popular creators. Great Balls of Fire #7. There are several variations of the dance. This song is most well known as the "Electric Slide" song for the popular line dance associated with it, which has become almost ubiquitous at family gatherings and other wholesome get-togethers. The electric slide is a line dance enjoyed by people of all ages at weddings, bar mitzvahs and parties of all stripes. MP3 Music Listen with Music Unlimited. If you work for a startup you probably have stock options. Learn to play "Electric Slide" by Marcia Griffiths on Ukulele. It is strongly associated with the "Electric Slide" line dance. Urban line dance, hip hop line dance, soul line dance, country line dance, dance challenges and participation songs are great way to get everyone on the dance floor. Thanks, Dr. Drax. Electric Slide. Did you know that it's a song about a VIBRATOR? Click on the song to hear it. Electric Slide MP3 Song by Line Dances from the album Line Dances. You can't see it It's electric! "Electric Boogie" (also known as the "Electric Slide") is a dance song performed by Marcia Griffiths. Marcia Griffiths Electric Boogie (The Electric Slide) Video. Sell your startup stock options on vested. Album: Marcia (1988) Marcia Griffiths recording of the Bunny Wailer song "Electric Boogie", released in 1976 and re-released in 1989, made the Electric Slide, a line dance, an international dance craze. The top line dance songs that have guests rocking to their feet. But, want the Electric Slide for family members, who insist on doing it. The Electric slide dance is one of the most popular line dances – used at weddings, parties and other social dance events. 2,791. Escucha gratis Electric Slide (Fast Version) de Kids R Us Party Songs de Kids R Us Party Songs, y mira las ilustraciones, la letra y artistas similares. Watch the song video Electric Slide. Here we have some of the popular group dance songs for dancing at a wedding. Our awesome collection of 4.1 out of 5 stars 14. It is entertaining to just watch or join in the dance. Choreographer, pianist and Broadway performer Richard L. "Ric" Silver created the dance in 1976 from a demo of the Bunny Wailer recording. The "Electric Slide," "Cha-Cha Slide," "Cupid Shuffle," and "Booty Call" are all line dances that are done to R&B songs. "Although many shared this rumor as if … Marcia Griffiths, reggae singer and creator of the famous "Electric Slide" dance, spoke on on Thursday regarding a rumor about the song that she found "so wicked." Actually, at our planning meeting, I did play "Electric Boogie." 1. The song's opening riff is one of the best-known and most influential slide guitar parts ever. This article will give you some idea of which songs to use to accompany your electric dance performance or for any other purposes related to the electric slide. Ooh, it's shakin' It's electric! "Electric Boogie" was originally released in 1983; while this version did not catch on internationally, a remixed version featured on her album Carousel would reach number 51 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in 1990. Here's a list of the 20 best popular line dance songs for groups, from the wobble to American country wedding classics. Electric Slide is a popular song by Kasper | Create your own TikTok videos with the Electric Slide song and explore 0 videos made by new and popular creators. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon.com. The great thing with this song is that its in standard tuning so you don't need to retune or have a dedicated slide guitar. Last 30 days; Last 90 days; Coming Soon; Sponsored > Back to top. I also showed them a video of people doing the Electric Slide to "Electric Boogie". Electric Boogie. Electric Slide #3. I'll teach you the electric slide. Download Electric Slide song on Gaana.com and listen Line Dances Electric Slide song offline. You gotta feel it It's electric! You gotta feel it It's electric! The Electric Slide is a four wall line dance set to Marcia Griffiths' hit song, "Electric Boogie," which hit the States in 1976 when it was created by Ric Silver at a New York Dance Club called VAMPS. Browse the Full List of UU Song Tutorials Print the Lyrics and Chords for "Electric Boogie" (Electric Slide) (link) Download the TABS for the "Electric Boogie" (Electric Slide) "Electric Slide" Ukulele Picking TAB(.pdf). A source close to Neville Livingston, the original writer of the song "Electric Boogie," told Aazios on Tuesday that Livingston had confirmed the song wasn't about a dance, but rather about a vibrator sex toy. And according to a recent report, Bunny is putting a rumor to rest by clarifying that the Electric Slide, also known as the Electric Boogie, is indeed about a vibrator. 35 2. more tracks from the album Classic Party Music #1. Or $0.99 to buy MP3. They simply don't like the song, itself. The most popular songs that I have seen The Electric Slide used in are The Boot Scoot Boogie by Brooks & Dunn, Any Man of Mine by Shania Twain, and The Hustle. by Electric Slide Dance Party DJ's. Electric Slide is a popular song by Shon | Create your own TikTok videos with the Electric Slide song and explore 0 videos made by new and popular creators. 1. Still a no-go. All you need for this song is an electric guitar, a slide, and an amp. You can't see it It's electric! Songs; New Releases. Electric Slide is a popular song by BIG SWAG & Baby Tron | Create your own TikTok videos with the Electric Slide song and explore 0 videos made by new and popular creators. Slide MP3 song by line dances Electric Slide '' by Marcia Griffiths and Wailer. ' it 's Electric '' ) is a step by step guide to... The songwriter is 71 year old Neville Livingston aka Bunny Wailer need for this song is an guitar... Hit by Marcia Griffiths, a Slide, and an amp this is. 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electric slide songs 2020


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Sustainability salaries rise across the globe
04 January 2021 by Acre
Sustainability salaries have increased across the globe since 2018, according to the newly released 2020 Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability (CR&S) Salary Survey. With more CR&S professionals (1,542 in total) taking part in the survey and revealing a higher remuneration package, this is a fitting testament to the growing importance of the sustainability sector.
Data from the survey, conducted by Acre, Carnstone and Flag, also highlights that average in-house roles far surpassed consultancy positions which has widened the average salary gap between the two from £11,500 in 2018 to £16,000 in 2020.
Dan Bond, senior consultant for CR&S at Acre Resources, said: "One thing we are seeing is a shift towards roles centred around purpose sitting at increasingly senior levels within businesses. The importance of responsible business can't be overstated and integrating sustainability into the core business model is essential for long-term viability. With it, comes an increase in responsibility, remit, salary and, most importantly, impact."
Francis Sullivan, board deputy chair at ResponsibleSteel, said: "For too long, CR&S professionals have been the "Cinderellas" of the corporate world. Far too many people in our world have told me that they want to be 'taken seriously' by management and their corporate peers; however, change is afoot and the results are starting to be borne out in the data."
For further information surrounding the global sustainability salary rise, which also contains information on the gender pay gap and the highest paid industries for CR&S professionals, click here to download a copy of the full report.
If you would like to discuss salary benchmarking for yourself or for a member of your team, please contact cr@acre.com or +44 (0) 20 7400 5570.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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"Some high school classmates of mine are on the wall, and I'm not. So I kind of feel like I owe it to them," was the response given by Barney Smith, a volunteer at the Traveling Wall Vietnam Memorial in Faribault during the Labor Day Weekend.
The Vietnam Traveling Wall Memorial visit to Faribault was a project whose inception began 16 months ago, after a Medal of Valor Ceremony in the honor of Lance Corporal (LCpl) Caleb Erickson. LCpl Erickson was a 20-year-old Marine who was killed while serving in Afghanistan in February 2014. Event organizers Virginia Vansluis and Kirk Mansfield, along with Faribault Elks Lodge #1166, American Legion Post #43 and four other Faribault area organizations, successfully brought the wall to the city.
Upon arrival to the Faribault Fairgrounds where the traveling memorial was held, guests were given a Vietnam Veteran casualty name from volunteers at the check-in tent. I was given Specialist (SPC) Gerald Aadland and, with the help of Larry Thomas, Vietnam Veteran and event volunteer, we searched for his name on the wall.
While walking to the wall, Thomas described how he was drafted in October 1965, along with two brothers and two brother in-laws. He was activated for approximately two years and returned home safely, along with his brothers and brother in-laws.
SPC Aadland's name can be found on wall Panel 63W, line 014. The Wall is divided into sections, East Wall and West Wall. As Thomas and I kneeled to the ground to stencil SPC Aadland's name on the Fallen Hero memorabilia sheet we received, Thomas recounted how he was drafted with a fellow Minnesotan from the Sleepy Eye area.
They trained together out of Oakland California and were assigned duty stations based on where they stood in the ranks of their formation.
"Years later, I went to Sleepy Eye to look Ron up. I never could find any information; it was kind of tough. Well, the other day, we found him. His name's on the wall. We were drafted in October 6, 1965. And on December 10, 1967, he perished. He ended up in Vietnam and he perished. But, I know where he's at. He's in peace, he served his country," said Thomas.
The deceased Vietnam Veterans are inscribed on the wall, chronologically by casualty date. In the shape of an inverse parabola, and "Like the war itself, The Wall begins small, rises to a peak, and then tapers off small again," read the event program guide.
After Thomas and I stenciled SPC Aadland's name from the resting prone position, we both felt the need to rise. He requested my help in aiding him to his feet. But I felt like he could have easily risen and, with his own strength, carried me to my feet.
The Traveling Wall carries 58,308 names and is 80 percent of the original wall in Washington D.C. Through the Wall's database, we learned that SPC Aadland voluntarily enlisted in the U.S. Army at the age of 23. He was a ground casualty of hostile small arms fire and served as an 11B20, Infantryman, Senior Radio Telephone Operator.
"If you want to sleep beside the wall, if your father, if your brother is on that wall, if you served in combat with somebody or a name that you are close to in any connection whatsoever, if you feel so inclined to go up to that wall, you can bring a bottle of Jack Daniels here and do a toast with your brother or sister. And I would have no problem with that whatsoever," said Kirk Mansfield one of the event organizers. Mansfield served in the US Navy and is now acting Chaplain for the Faribault American Legion Post #43.
Mansfield expressed that the Traveling Wall is manned 24 hours a day. The Marine Corp League provided security overnight so that the Wall had someone present at all times. "A lot of folks, they have trouble with the crowds. They're going to want to come during the overnight," said Mansfield.
The memorial included two fields which displayed crosses, acknowledging veterans who died from Minnesota. One field occupied 38 crosses, which represented 38 Vietnam Veterans from the five county area. The second field arranged 138 crosses, which personified veterans who perished from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. Each cross had an attached photo and name of the fallen hero.
"There is nothing that I can tell you, that you cannot do because the sacrifices that have been made by these names," I interrupted Kirk before he could finish his previous sentence. I had to remove my sunglasses, to rid of the tears that were disrupting my vision. Upon seeing this, Kirk also began tearing up. Offered me an embrace, which I accepted, and returned in kind.
"I've been overwhelmed by the community support," said Douglas Truman, a retired Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant (Gy Sgt.) and Vietnam Veteran.
"Since 1 p.m. Thursday (soft opening) we've had a steady stream of people coming in, which is unbelievable," said Gy Sgt. Truman.
Gy Sgt. Truman served in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968, and was five miles from the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The DMZ separated North and South Vietnam. Truman was attached to an Amtrac Battalion, which protected the river mouth from communists and insurgents.
His unit received sporadic fire, "Enough to interrupt your days and your sleep. As time went on, you got to hear that sound, when you knew the mortars were leaving. And you could hear the little pop and you'd start heading to your bunker to get under cover," said the seasoned Gy Sgt.
"I've certainly dedicated the rest of my life to making sure that these young kids that are keeping our freedoms that we have today, and we've always had, that they get the respect and admiration of the job that they're doing. So that we can continue to do what we do in the United States, live this freedom of life that we've had," said Truman.
Overall, "Public reception has been overwhelming," said a joyful Truman.
"There are lots of ways to serve this country. I had my way, they, by far, had the toughest way. I'm just trying to show a little appreciation," commented Barney Smith, the volunteer who was guarding the POW/MIA Memorial Tent.
When asked if he had anything else to share; "Appreciate why we have this life that we do. Find out a little bit about why," said Smith.


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Pro Wrestling 2/15/19
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They need filters just like any other fish if that's what you mean..
I mean an aerator which produces lots of bubbles. They breathe a special way than other fish i read.Why a filter than?
They can survive just fine without an aerator, Jerry. They have a special organ which helps them to take some oxygen from the air and they need to do that. In fact, if they would somehow be prevented from reaching the surface to get to the air, they would die.
They should have a filter because the bacteria which eats ammonia and nitrite live in a filter. They would be able to live without a filter if there were enough plants. And by "enough" I mean the tank would almost have to be overplanted. The plants would act as a filter. But, that should only be done by someone who has a deep understanding of what they are doing and why they are doing it.
Thanks I will buy a small sponge filter than and eliminate the aerator completely.
Use the aerator to power the sponge filter.


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Teresa A.Maloney (Terry)
Teresa A. Maloney
Terry Maloney has more than 30 years of experience advising a broad array of clients on complex federal income tax issues. She has in-depth experience representing sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) and has represented SWFs in billions of dollars of investments in U.S. assets, including investments in stocks, securities, private equity funds, real estate funds, lending funds, and other types of assets. Terry has handled transactions for foreign and domestic clients in a wide range of areas, including private equity, M&A, real estate investments trusts (REITs), and partnerships, with particular emphasis on planning for inbound investment in U.S. real estate.
Terry's experience in the past year illustrates the scope of her practice. In addition to representing foreign governments and foreign pensions in U.S. investments, she has assisted with the formation of real estate funds and REITs, provided tax advice to sponsors of private equity funds, and worked on a number of public offerings of a REIT securities. Terry has also formed credit funds, counseled tax-exempt clients in acquisitions in the health care industry, and worked with mortgage REITs and other lenders to structure financing transactions and securitizations.
Terry's focus for the past several years has been the U.S. taxation of inbound investments, particularly the taxation of foreign governments. She has written extensively on the subject, as well as on the tax aspects of fund formation and other topics. She is a member of the American Bar Association (Tax Section) and the State Bar of California.
Five9 acquires Inference Technologies GroupJones Day advised Five9, Inc. in its acquisition of Inference Technologies Group, Inc., a leading global provider of Intelligent Virtual Agents for sales and service organizations.
True Capital Ltd participates in $450 million Series C financing round of ZwiftJones Day advised True Capital Ltd, in connection with its participation in the $450 million Series C financing of Zwift, Inc., an online fitness platform for cyclists and runners.
Grindr sold to San Vicente Acquisition LLC for $608 millionJones Day advised Grindr in its $608 million sale by Beijing Kunlun Tech Co Ltd of substantially all of the equity interests in Grindr Inc. to San Vicente Acquisition LLC.
Five9 acquires Virtual Observer, formerly known as CSIJones Day advised Five9, Inc. in its acquisition of Virtual Observer, formerly known as CSI, an innovative provider of cloud-based Workforce Optimization (WFO), also known as Workforce Engagement Management (WEM), solutions.
Western Digital sells ActiveScale™ business to QuantumJones Day advised Western Digital Corporation's subsidiary Western Digital Technologies, Inc. in the sale of its ActiveScale™ business to Quantum Corporation.
U.S. Steel acquires remaining 50% ownership interest in USS-POSCO Industries from POSCO-California CorporationJones Day advised United States Steel Corporation in its acquisition of POSCO-California Corporation's 50% partnership interest in USS-POSCO Industries, a Pittsburg, California-based producer of cold-rolled sheets, galvanized sheets, and tin mill products made from hot bands, resulting in USS-POSCO Industries becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of U.S. Steel.
Wells Fargo arranges $414.6 million syndicated secured construction loan for development of creative office space in West Los AngelesJones Day represented Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, in connection with a $414.6 million syndicated secured construction loan for the development of approximately 584,000 square feet of creative office space in West Los Angeles along with approximately 94,000 square feet of retail and theater space.
Western Digital sells IntelliFlash™ business to DataDirect Networks, Inc. (DDN®)Jones Day advised Western Digital Corp. in the sale of its IntelliFlash™ business to DataDirect Networks, Inc. (DDN®), a global leader in artificial intelligence (AI) and multi-cloud data management.
KeyBanc Capital Markets, Credit Agricole Securities, Raymond James, and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company establish equity offering program by Physicians Realty TrustJones Day represented KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.; Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc.; Raymond James & Associates, Inc.; and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, as sales agents or forward sellers, as applicable, in connection with the establishment of an at-the-market equity program with a forward sale component for the sale of up to $500 million of Common Stock of Physicians Realty Trust, a self-managed healthcare real estate company.
Wells Fargo provides $470 million term loan secured by office building in Boston, MassachusettsJones Day represented Wells Fargo Bank, National Association in connection with a $470 million senior term loan secured by a 32-story, 1.1 million square foot office building in downtown Boston, Massachusetts.
Major financial institution provides $117 million syndicated loan secured by office building in Walnut Creek, CaliforniaJones Day represented a major financial institution, as administrative agent, in connection with a $117 million syndicated loan secured by a 10-story, Class A office building located in Walnut Creek, California.
Western Digital acquires Kazan NetworksJones Day advised Western Digital Corporation (NASDAQ:WDC) in its acquisition of Kazan Networks Corp., a provider of industry leading NVMe™-over-Fabric (NVMe-oF) ASIC and adapter products for next-generation data center architectures.
Cineworld Group completes asset monetization strategies in United States through cinema sale-leaseback transactionsJones Day advised UK headquartered, Cineworld Group PLC in connection with an asset monetization strategy in the United States involving a combined cash consideration of $556.3 million cinema sale-leaseback transactions to convert a substantial portion of Cineworld's U.S. real estate holdings into cash to leverage its equity and optimize efficiency.
Kairos Society PBC, Inc. forms Kairos Investors Fund II, L.P.Jones Day represented Kairos Society PBC, Inc. in connection with the formation and fundraising of Kairos Investors Fund II, L.P., a $100 million fund.
KKR completes investment in OneStream SoftwareJones Day advised Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts & Co. L.P. in connection with its affiliated funds' investment in OneStream Software LLC, a leading provider of cloud or on-premise Corporate Performance Management solutions for mid-sized to large enterprises, in a transaction that values the privately held company at more than US$1 billion.
QuickLogic acquires SensiML CorporationJones Day advised QuickLogic Corporation, a developer of ultra-low power multi-core voice-enabled SoCs, embedded FPGA IP, and Endpoint AI solutions, in its acquisition of SensiML Corporation.
SoftBank Vision Fund acquires minority stake in ByteDanceJones Day represented SoftBank Vision Fund in connection with its acquisition of a minority stake in ByteDance Ltd., a China-based technology company.
RPS Ventures I, L.P. forms fund to invest in high-growth technology opportunitiesJones Day represented RPS Ventures I, L.P. in connection with the formation of a fund to invest in high-growth technology opportunities.
NRG Energy sells ownership in NRG Yield and NRG's Renewables Platform to Global Infrastructure PartnersJones Day represented NRG Energy, Inc. in the sale of NRG's ownership in NRG Yield and NRG's Renewables Platform to Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP) for cash proceeds of $1.375 billion, subject to certain adjustments.
GIC acquires 25 percent stake in Brazil's Algar Telecom for R$1.0 billion (US$308.5 million)Jones Day advised GIC Special Investments Pte. Ltd. in its R$1.0 billion (US$308.5 million) acquisition of shares representing a 25 percent stake in Brazil's Algar Telecom, a provider of telecom services to corporate and retail customers that is present in 10 states and 337 cities in Brazil.
Overpaid Executive Gross Receipts Tax Approved in San Francisco
U.S. Treasury Department Releases Proposed Carried Interest Regulations
June 2019 Alerts
Proposed FIRPTA Regulations Provide Clarity for Pension Funds
Proposed Treasury Regulations Provide Details on Tax Reform's Passthrough Deduction
January 2018 Jones Day Publications
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act: Fundamental Changes to Business Taxation
November 2015 Commentaries
New Partnership Tax Audit Rules Will Impact Private Investment Fund Vehicles
September 2013 Commentaries
Congressional Proposals Seek to Promote Foreign Investment in U.S. Real Estate
Treasury Issues Proposed Regulations for Foreign Sovereign Investors under Section 892
U.S. Income Taxation of Foreign Governments, International Organizations, Central Banks and Their Employees, BNA Tax Management Portfolio 913-4th
June 2010 Jones Day Publications
California Court of Appeal Ruled Taxpayers in Tax Refund Cases, Jones Day State Tax Return
Cornell University (J.D. magna cum laude 1984); The Catholic University of America (B.A. 1981; Phi Beta Kappa)


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Qu'est-ce qu'on a tous fait au Bon Dieu? is een Franse film uit 2021, geregisseerd door Philippe de Chauveron.

Deze komedie is de tweede sequel van Qu'est-ce qu'on a fait au Bon Dieu?, de succesrijkste film in Frankrijk in 2014. De eerste sequel, Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu? dateert uit 2019 en was de succesvolste Franse film in Frankrijk dat jaar.

Samenvatting

Claude Verneuil is notaris op rust en schrijft nu boeken tijdens zijn vrije tijd, zonder succes overigens. Hij heeft het nog steeds moeilijk om zijn misantropisch gedrag en vooral zijn xenofobe oprispingen onder controle te houden. Ter gelegenheid van hun nakende veertigste huwelijksverjaardag wenst hij alleen een romantisch tête-à-tête met zijn vrouw Marie.

Hij beseft echter niet dat hun vier dochters besloten hebben om een groot verrassingsfeest te organiseren voor hun ouders. Hierbij nodigen die ook de ouders van David, Rachid, Chao en Charles, hun echtgenoten uit: een sefardisch, een Chinees, een Arabisch en een Ivoriaans koppel. Plaats van het gebeuren is het groot familiaal landhuis in Chinon waar de schoonouders zullen overnachten.

Claude en Marie zullen zich dus verplicht zien de ouders van hun schoonzonen onder hun dak te verwelkomen. Dat dit spanningen, geruzie, onhandige uitspraken en gedrag zal teweegbrengen bij zowat iedereen spreekt voor zich.

Rolverdeling

|-
| Christian Clavier || Claude Verneuil
|-
| Chantal Lauby || Marie Verneuil, de vrouw van Claude
|-
| Ary Abittan || David Benichou
|-
| Alice David || Odile Verneuil-Benichou
|-
| Medi Sadoun || Rachid Benassem
|-
| Frédérique Bel || Isabelle Verneuil-Benassem
|-
| Frédéric Chau || Chao Ling
|-
| Émilie Caen || Ségolène Verneuil-Ling
|-
| Noom Diawara || Charles Koffi
|-
| Élodie Fontan || Laure Verneuil-Koffi
|-
| Jochen Hägele || Helmut
|-
| Bing Yin || Dong Ling, de vader van Chao
|-
| Li Heling || Xhu Ling, de moeder van Chao
|-
| Pascal Nzonzi || André Koffi, de vader van Charles
|-
| Salimata Kamate || Madeleine Koffi, de moeder van Charles
|-
| Daniel Russo || Isaac Benichou, de vader van David
|-
| Nanou Garcia || Sarah Benichou, de moeder van David
|-
| Abbes Zahmani || Mohamed Benassem, de vader van Rachid
|-
| Farida Ouchani || Moktaria Benassem, de moeder van Rachid
|}

Release
De film ging in première op 21 december 2021 in Cherbourg-en-Cotentin. De film werd op 6 april 2022 uitgebracht in Frankrijk en België.

Film uit 2021
Franse film
Komische film

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In the section on new equipment planning, the book covers decontamination, water and steam quality, equipment specifications, vendor relations, installation, testing, and warranties, among other topics.
Readers will learn about the best mix of reprocessing equipment for a new construction project, critical infection prevention and control planning for construction environments, and how to maintain reprocessing activities during renovations.
"Anyone who is contemplating an SPD renovation or new construction will find this book to be a comprehensive reference in understanding the design process, the role of team members, the type of data that will be needed, and the need to ensure future flexibility for use of the SPD space," says Cynthia Hubbard, RN, an independent nurse consultant and author of the publication.
"I also hope this book helps SPD and OR managers communicate these key elements more effectively to the other team members," says Hubbard, who has managed numerous construction and renovation sterile processing projects.


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Libya Business News
Tag Archives | Telecommunications
UK, France set up Business Incubators to help Entrepreneurs
By editor2 on 18th February 2019 in Communications, Industry & Trade
By John Lee. Expertise France and mobile phone company Libyana have signed a sponsorship agreement to establish a "Stream" business incubator to support entrepreneurs and innovators. The project is funded by the United Kingdom and implemented by Expertise France. (Sources: UK FCO, Libyana)
Tags: entrepreneurship, Expertise France, featured, France, Libyana, mobile phones, start-ups, Telecommunications, United Kingdom
China "Strategic Partner" in Libya's Telecom Sector
By editor2 on 20th May 2018 in Communications
By John Lee. A director of Libya's General Authority of Communication and Informatics has reportedly said that Chinese companies are strategic partners to develop the telecommunications sector in Libya. According to a report from Xinhua, Adel Ehmedat also told a one-day workshop in Tripoli entitled "Postal Addressing: Necessity or Accessory" that companies such as companies […]
Tags: 4G, China, featured, General Authority of Communication and Informatics, Huawei, Libya Telecom & Technology (LTT), Telecommunications, ZTE
Free Satellite Internet "Soon"
By editor2 on 19th January 2018 in Communications
By John Lee. Plans are reportedly progressing to launch a free ka-band satellite broadband service in Libya in the second quarter of 2018. UK-based Quika promises the world's first entirely free high-speed satellite internet for consumers in developing countries. Its free plan will be funded by paid-for services for enterprises and internet providers. According to […]
Tags: Broadband, DJ, featured, Internet, Quika, satellite, Talia, Telecommunications
Libya, Uganda in Legal Row over Telecom Company
By editor2 on 16th April 2017 in Communications, Investment
By John Lee. Africanews reports that the Libyan government has warned the Ugandan government over its move last month to repossess the Libyan government's shares in Uganda Telecom Limited (UTL). Libya's state-owned UCom had held 69-percent of the shares in UTL since 2010, with the Ugandan state owning the remaining 31 percent; the Libyan Post, […]
Tags: featured, LAP Green, LAP Green Networks, LAP GreenN, Libyan Post Telecommunication and Information Technology Holding Company (LPTIC), Telecommunications, UCOM, Uganda, Uganda Telecom
Ugandan Govt takes over Uganda Telecom
By editor2 on 6th March 2017 in Communications, Investment
By John Lee. The government of Uganda has reportedly taken back the ownership of Uganda Telecom (UTL) with immediate effect, following what has been described as the "withdrawal" of Libya's state-owned UCom, which held 69-percent of the shares in UTL. The Ugandan state owned the remaining 31 percent. According to NTV, Uganda's Minister of Finance […]
LPTIC awarded Cote d'Ivoire mobile licence
By editor2 on 15th September 2016 in Communications, Investment
By John Lee. The Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications in Cote d'Ivoire (Autorite de Regulation des Telecommunications de CI, ARTCI) has reportedly re-awarded a mobile operating licence to the Libyan Post, Telecommunications and Information Technology Company (LPTIC). LPTIC-backed GreenN had its licence revoked in April this year, after concerns about poor quality of service and unpaid […]
Tags: Cote d'Ivoire, featured, GreenN Cote d'Ivoire, Libyan Post Telecommunication and Information Technology Holding Company (LPTIC), mobile phones, Telecommunications
LPTIC Discusses Restructuring Plan for ORICEL
By editor2 on 26th January 2016 in Communications, Investment
The Chairman of Libyan Post, Telecommunication and Information Technology Holding Company (LPTIC), Dr. Faisel Gergab, has held a meeting with the Minister of Telecommunication and Information Technology of the Republic of Ivory Coast Mr. Koné Bruno at the headquarters of the ministry in the Ivorian capital Abidjan. This meeting comes as part of a comprehensive […]
Tags: featured, Ivory Coast, Libyan Post Telecommunication and Information Technology Holding Company (LPTIC), ORICEL, Telecommunications
LAP GreenN and Ivorian Gov't reach Agreement
By editor2 on 8th July 2015 in Communications, Investment
The Libyan Africa Investment Portfolio (LAIP) has announced that the Ivorian government will not nationalize the ailing GreenN Cote d'Ivoire telecoms company. LAIP, the owner of LAP GreenN, and the Ivorian government have reached an agreement to re-structure the company which has failed to pay licence fees, according to a report from Medafrica Times. A […]
Tags: Cote d'Ivoire, GreenN Cote d'Ivoire, Ivory Coast, LAP, LAP GreenN, Libyan Africa Investment Portfolio, Libyan Arab Investment Portfolio (LAIP), Telecommunications
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The Afghanistan War in the Mirror of the Tet Offensive: When 'Defeat' Became 'Victory'
By Richard Falk | Aug 15, 2011 | Asia Pacific, News & Analysis, US | 3 |
USMC Captain Franklin P. Eller, advisor to the 4th Vietnamese Marine Battalion, coordinates with other American-advised units operating nearby during the Tet Offensive (Photo: US Marine Corp)
On January 31, 1968, the combined forces of North Vietnam (DRV or Democratic Force of Vietnam) and the NLF (National Liberation Front) launched a spectacular series of attacks throughout the contested territory of all of South Vietnam. As many as 100 Vietnamese cities and towns were simultaneously attacked, 36 of 44 provincial capitals were captured, and the impregnable American Embassy complex in Saigon was penetrated. These attacks were all repelled in a few days, with the Vietnamese taking huge losses, 37,500 estimated deaths, which came on top of 90,000 lost soldiers in the preceding months. The American commander, General Westmoreland, had confidently predicted prior to the Tet Offensive that the NLF would never be able to replace such losses, and victory for the United States in the Vietnam War was near at hand.
During the Tet Offensive the American losses were announced as 2,500. This ratio of comparative deaths, and the fact that the DRV/NLF could not maintain their presence in any of the urban areas that they briefly controlled, led Westmoreland and counterinsurgency experts to claim a military victory for their side. Add to this the evidence that the purpose of these coordinated attacks on the points of governmental control in Vietnam was not to kill or even to seize control of the country but to inspire popular uprisings, and these never materialized. This was acknowledged by the DRV commander General Tran Do, who affirmed that the purpose of the Tet Offensive was to stimulate a spontaneous uprising among the Vietnamese population against the American military occupation of the country. This perception of defeat by both sides seemed authoritative, and yet, and this is the point, irrelevant. In General Do's words at the time: "In all honesty, we didn't achieve our main objective, which was to spur uprisings throughout the South. Still, we inflicted heavy casualties on the Americans, and their puppets, and this was a big gain for us."
But far more consequential than the American casualties that was certainly upsetting to backers of the war in Washington was the traumatic impact of the Tet Offensive on American public opinion and related Congressional support for continuing the Vietnam War. This impact was also foreign to the military imagination of the Vietnamese at the time. As General Do put it, "As for making an impact in the United States, it had not been our intention—but it turned out to be a fortunate result." Exposed by the Tet Offensive was what was called at the time 'the credibility gap,' the space between the optimistic assessments by the White House that the war was being won, and the realities of the conflict. The Tet Offensive was understood at the time throughout the United States as a massive refutation of the claim that the Vietnamese adversary was knocking at the door of defeat, on the verge of surrender or collapse. As a result of the Tet Offensive, Lyndon Johnson decided to withdraw from the presidential race for his reelection in 1968, declared a pause in the bombing of North Vietnam to give diplomacy a chance, and rejected a request from Saigon for additional American troops.
It is true the war dragged on for several more years with heavy casualties on both sides, but the Tet Offensive changed the American goal from 'victory' to 'peace with honor,' that is, 'defeat in disguise.' The subsequent Christmas bombing of the North and the disastrous invasion of Cambodia in 1970 were part of the bloody effort during the Nixon/Kissinger period of American leadership to produce 'honor.' Actually, when the war finally came to an abrupt end in 1975, the dominant image at the time being that of Vietnamese collaborators with the American intervention desperately seeking to escape from Vietnam by clamoring aboard a helicopter taking off from the roof of the embassy. Not honor, but humiliation, chaos, and defeat became the end game for the United States in Vietnam; or put differently, the price paid with lives and devastation to achieve what was called 'a decent interval' between the American departure and the collapse of the client regime in Saigon.
To this day, counterinsurgency insiders contend that the United States snatched defeat from the jaws of victory, and this conviction has partly explained why American policymakers have failed (or refused) to learn the defining lesson of Vietnam: the virtual impossibility in the early 21st century of turning military superiority on the battlefield enjoyed by the intervening side into a favorable political outcome against an adversary that occupies the commanding heights of national self-determination. This learning disability has led directly to subsequent failed efforts, especially in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks: Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya. Military superiority succumbs over time to the strong historical tides of the last seven decades favoring the logic of self-determination. Among other explanations for this conclusion that cuts against the grain of political realism if this: the intervening side gets tired of an unresolved struggle if it last more than a few years. As the Afghan saying goes: "You've got the watches, we've got the time." Nationalist endurance is far stronger than is geopolitical endurance, and this acts as an equalizer with respect to the asymmetries of military capabilities.
But my reason for recalling the Tet Offensive is less about this primary feature of conflict in our time, especially in the setting of what Mary Kaldor has usefully called 'new wars,' than it is to comment upon contradictory perceptions of victory. These conflicts tend to be resolved on political battlefield far from the sites of military struggle, although each in its own way. What seems to count most in the end is a decisive shift in political perceptions on the home front of the intervening side. Neither the successful response to the attacks in terms of casualties or restored control of the cities in South Vietnam, nor the failure of the attacks to be followed by popular uprisings mattered in the end so far as the historical significance of the Tet Offensive is concerned. It hardly mattered that the military appraisal made by both sides was wrong, although the Vietnamese side was less wrong as the spike in American casualties added considerable weight to the political reassessments of the conflict by the White House and aroused much anger among the American people.
This recollection is not meant to be an exercise in historical memory or even in the differences between how the military thinks and how the political process in a liberal democracy works. It is more an expression of frustration about the unwillingness of the Obama presidency to acknowledge the failure of the mission to achieve its goals in Afghanistan. As with Vietnam, the public is continually told by the military commanders about how well things are going, and even when unexpected setbacks take place, these are discounted as 'one-off' incidents that should not be allowed to become occasions for reappraisal. There was recent disappointment in some circles within the United States that were skeptical about continuing the intervention in Afghanistan when the execution of Osama Bin Laden was not followed by a credible and liberating claim from Washington of 'mission accomplished,' an ironic recourse to the Bush miscalculation in the early months of the Iraq War. Such a claim would have played well throughout the American heartland, and probably given Obama a clear path to reelection in 2012. Public opinion according to recent polls reinforces such an interpretation: 59% of Americans would like to see all American troops taken out of Afghanistan immediately or within a year, while only 22% believe that the United States has sufficiently defined goals to make the war worthy of American military engagement.
This same skepticism among Americans about foreign military intervention now applies more generally, although it could shift quickly if a foreign source of terrorism was able to inflict major damage on perceived American interests. According to Newsmax (August 11, 2011), only 24% of Americans support the U.S. military role in Libya, and 75% believe that the United States should not engage in overseas military action "unless the cause is vital to our national security." It is obvious that the Libya does not qualify as 'vital,' and the justification relied upon did not even pretend that 'security' was the rationale for military intervention, but invoked 'humanitarism.' Of course, leaders will always argue that an intervention undertaken is vital, and could hardly do less, considering that lives of citizens are put at risk. But what these poll results show is the relative wisdom of the unacknowledged force of public opinion: rejection of humanitarianism as an adequate basis for war-making and disbelief in the post-facto security arguments put forth by elected leaders; healthy doubts about the self-serving claims of the military to be on the verge of victory. But such wars go on, however dysfunctional, the bodies pile up, and the political opposition is disregarded, and this despite the American empire teetering on the edge of financial disaster.
Several observations follow. During the Vietnam Era, public opinion counted for more when the government was making its political calculations about continuing an unpopular war. Unquestionably, there has been a decline in democratic accountability in the United States with respect to war/peace issues. In part, this reflected the presence of a robust peace movement during the Vietnam War, which in turn arose as a response to the military draft that touched the lives of middle class America. Now there is no draft, the war is fought with drones and private contracting firms. Furthermore, the weaponry and tactics are designed to minimize American casualties relative to the destruction inflicted. Unfortunately, the lessons learned from a decade of warfare in Vietnam were not about whether to intervene in new wars but how. It may be that in place of international law and political prudence, both of which should rationally discourage intervention contra the political weight of self-determination, the new source of restraint will derive from fiscal pressures to reduce defense spending. So far the militarist consensus in Washington has largely exempted the bloated U.S. defense budget from the knives of the cost cutters, who while besides being social reactionaries are military hawks. Even the more socially sensitive Obama democrats have largely continued to acquiesce in this willingness to treat defense spending as non-discretionary, as well as sustaining Israeli militarism with enhanced annual subsidies.
I had hoped that the helicopter incident on August 6th, the 66th anniversary of the Hiroshima bombing, in which 30 persons died, including members of the Navy Seals Elite Unit, would provide the excuse the Obama administration should have been waiting for to say finally that it was time to bring American troops home and end involvement in the struggle over the future of Afghanistan. It is common knowledge by now that the Afghanistan War is being fought against the nationalist Taliban and on behalf of a corrupted and incompetent Kabul regime for the political control of the country. This is a clear instance of a new war that will not be decided once and for all on the battlefield by soldiers and weapons or through the anachronistic agency of foreign intervention. The strategic justifications for the war in relation to a future sanctuary for a reconstituted Al Qaeda or in relation to the destabilization of Pakistan are extremely speculative, and seem more intelligently addressed by withdrawal from a military engagement that fans the flames of anti-Americanism, gives extremism a good name, and manifests the impotence of American imposed military solutions.
It adds up to a single moral, legal, and prudential imperative: when in doubt, stop the killing and the dying!
Tags: Afghanistan, Vietnam
Richard Falk is an international law and international relations scholar who taught at Princeton University for forty years. Since 2002 he has lived in Santa Barbara, California, and taught at the local campus of the University of California in Global and International Studies and since 2005 chaired the Board of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. From 2008 until May 2014, he was the U.N. Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967.
Books by Richard Falk
Tom Baxter on August 16, 2011 at 1:51 am
This repeats the myth that Tet was a loss to the NLF. Tet did nothing to reduce the effectiveness of NLF forces. They still initiated and ended most battles on their own schedule. 1968 was the bloodiest year for US WIA/KIA. If the NLF lost the battle, it didn't affect their war fighting capabilities. The only countries that the US was able to establish totally corrupt puppet regimes as we are trying to do in Iraq and Afghanistan as we did in Cuba, Panama, Grenada, Lebanon, Jordan, Italy, Turkey, Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Haiti was to have a comprador class that would and could take power.
Carl White on August 16, 2011 at 2:48 am
Correction to caption: Colonel Franklin P. (Pete) Eller was not an advisor to the Vietnamese Marines during the Tet Offensive (1968). He was an advisor to the 4th Vietnamese Marine Rifle Battalion during 1964-65. The photo was probably taken sometime prior to 31 December 1964, when he suffered lacerations to his nose and face from a sniper round that fragmented after striking the lip of his helmet. Semper Fi!
Tony on August 17, 2011 at 9:34 am
I was on a plane to Canada the day after Westmoreland died and the obit I read pointed out that even then, in 2005, he maintained Vietnam was a victory for the US. The historical legacy was down, he said, to liberal journos and commentators. This dementia has come down to the present day Pentagon. The mission accomplished speeches have been written already for use in Afghanistan. They will be about as meaningful as General 'Waste More Land's delusions.
More by Richard Falk
Independent Panel Challenges OPCW Findings on 2018 Attack in Douma, Syria
Remembering the World Court Advisory Opinion on Israel's Separation Wall After 15 Years
On Taking Controversial Public Positions: A Reflection
Julian Assange: Criminal or Benefactor?
Joan Mellen's Blood in the Water: How the U.S. and Israel Conspired to Ambush the USS Liberty


Dr Sue Black, the founder of techmums and honorary professor at University College London, has joined the government's new digital advisory group, which features a 50-50 split between men and women.
Black is one of seven women on the board, including Baroness Martha Lane-Fox and WeAreTheCity.com founder Vanessa Vallely. It will meet four times a year to support, advise and challenge the government to deliver better digital public services.
Here she speaks to IT Pro about her appointment, and, on International Women's Day, about how to get more women into the technology sector.


In this update, 156 patients were included in an intent-to-treat analysis and followed for a median of 53 months.
At 50 months, the EFS rate was again higher in the ATRA + ATO group than in the ATRA + chemotherapy group: 96 percent (95% CI 92-100) versus 81 percent (95% CI 73-91; p=0.003). The overall survival rate was also higher: 99 percent (95% CI 96-100) versus 88 percent (95% CI 81-96; p=0.006).
Post-remission events in the ATRA + chemotherapy group included six relapses and five deaths (one of which was due to secondary leukemia). In the ATRA + ATO group, there were two relapses and one death in remission; no further events had been recorded in this treatment group since the earlier publication of results.
Because the APL0406 trial enrolled patients with non–high-risk APL, these results are not applicable to patients with high-risk APL. "Given the low number of patients with high-risk disease who were enrolled in [a similar, multicenter, randomized trial] from the UK National Cancer Research Institute, we believe that a randomized trial comparing ATRA + arsenic trioxide with ATRA + chemotherapy in such patients is still needed," the authors concluded.
Inclusion criteria and the small number of patients enrolled may affect the generalizability of study results. The study, which was conducted at centers in Austria, Germany, and Italy, also did not address the insurance obstacles to receiving outpatient therapy that APL patients may face in other countries.
Lo-Coco F, Di Donato L, Schlenk RF. Targeted therapy alone for acute promyelocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1197-8.


Yearbooks are now on sale for $20. Be sure to order yours today! You can order online at ybpay.lifetouch.com. The yearbook ID Code: 11580619. If you send cash to school, it must be the exact amount. If a check is sent, be sure to include your current phone number and driver's license number.
The monthly Terrific Kid ceremony will be held in the cafeteria. This event is by invitation only. See Ms. Pearson for details.
We are in need of dedicated volunteers. If you are interested in serving as a volunteer, chaperone, etc., be sure to complete the online volunteer application for Rock Hill Schools. Volunteers must re-apply every two years. Click here for the link to the Volunteer Application.
Back to school list available for your child(ren) who attend Rock Hill Schools. Click the link below.
Registration is now open for Girls on the Run (GOTR). GOTR is a great after school program for our 3rd - 5th grade girls that emphasizes physical fitness and positive self-concept. The spring session runs from February 11, 2019 - May 3, 2019. All 3rd -5th grade girls have received flyers. See the attachment. Contact the coaches, Ms. Ellis at CEllis@rhmail.org or Ms. Hurley atKHurley@rhmail.org, if you have questions. No girl will be turned away due to finances. If you are in need of financial assistance, contact one of the coaches or Ms. Khaalid. Click here for more information about this program.


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Teacher's Unions Disappointed By Edwards' Budget Priorities
By Paul Braun • Feb 11, 2020
DCJOHN / FLICKR (CC BY 2.0)
Last week, Governor John Bel Edwards debuted his $32 billion dollar budget proposal for the upcoming fiscal year. Unsurprisingly, the second-term governor's plan highlighted new investments in education.
The plan includes increases of $40 million to higher education institutions and the TOPS scholarship program, $65 million to the funding formula for K-12 schools and $25 million for early childhood education.
But Edwards is facing criticism for something his plan didn't include-- a pay increase for public school teachers.
Last year, Louisiana teachers got a $1,000 pay raise, and on the campaign trail Edwards said more was on the way. The change in course isn't sitting well with the state's teacher's unions.
Today, I spoke to the leader of one of those unions, Dr. Tia Mills, President of the Louisiana Association of Educators.
A conversation with Tia T. Mills, president of the Louisiana Association of Educators
Paul Braun: Were you surprised that Governor Edwards' plan didn't outline specific pay raises for teachers?
Tia Mills: We are. The governor placing it in his wish-list would've showed that he sees us as a priority. But this is just step one, and we're hopeful that the negotiations will take place.
Jay Dardenne, Edwards' top budget advisor, said school districts could raise teacher pay with the additional money the administration would send their way — about $39 million dollars across the spread across state. What's your reaction to that idea?
That would be nowhere near enough to fully support a salary increase for our educators. And not to mention that the money that is going to be allocated to those districts, they may very well need that money for their operating budgets. I've been visiting schools all across this state, and while there are some schools that are in very good shape, there are others who are in dire need of additional assistance.
We need it explicitly placed in the budget that educators are going to receive an additional raise so we can bring it to the southern regional average.
Governor Edwards has said his goal is getting Louisiana's up to that southern regional average, but that's a moving target. How are other southern states addressing teacher pay, and is Louisiana at risk of being left behind?
I can very well see that happening. Mississippi, for example, they're in the process of passing a salary increase for their educators. Texas — when we did a salary increase last year, they went up yet again to make [their average teacher salaries] farther and farther out of reach. And Georgia.
There are a lot of southern states who are increasing their salaries in order to make sure that their educators are receiving a livable wage. And that's all we want for our educators. They're the best and brightest in the classroom and we want to keep them there. I really do not want to see educators feel compelled to move to other states because the salaries are more appealing than the one's we're offering.
There is a critical shortage across the state and nation for educators, and a lot of it has to do with the fact that the pay is not competitive.
There have been some highly-publicized teacher strikes and walkouts across the country over the last few years. Would Louisiana teachers consider a similar action?
A teacher strike would be considered a very last resort. We really would like to have a conversation with the governor and the governor's office about how we can work together on this.
There are a lot of hurt educators across the state. They wanted to know, "Why is it we're not being included? Did he forget about the fact that we supported him?" I know that he didn't. I think he understands the work that was done in order to get him reelected, by the educators in this state. Because they believe in him. They believe in him. And they still do.
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The Rapid Sand Filter (RSF) water treatment equipment differs from the Slow Sand Filter water treatment equipment in a variety of ways, the most important of which are the much greater water treatment filtration rate and the ability to clean automatically using back washing. The mechanism of particle removal also differs. Rapid sand Water treatment filter does not use biological filtration and depends primarily on mechanical straining, sedimentation, impaction, interception, adhesion and physical adsorption. In Rapid sand water filter the complete filtration cycle (filtration and back washing) occurs sequentially.
Water Treatment Filters that must be taken off-line periodically to back wash are classified operationally as semi-continuous. Water Treatment Filters in which filtration and backwash operations occur simultaneously are classified as continuous.
There are a number of different types of Rapid sand filters depending upon bed depth (e.g., shallow, conventional and deep bed) and the type of filtering medium used (mono-, dual-, and multimedia).
A further classification can be made based on the driving force as gravity Water Filters or pressure Water filters. Typically sand is used as the filtering material in single medium filters. Dual- medium filters usually consist of a layer of anthracite over a layer of sand. Multimedia filters typically consist of a layer of anthracite over a layer of sand over a layer of garnet.
In constant-rate filtration with fixed head, the flow through the filter is maintained at a constant rate. They are either in-fluent controlled or effluent controlled. Pumps or weirs are used for in-fluent control whereas an effluent modulating valve that can be operated manually or mechanically is used for effluent control.
In constant-rate variable filtration head, the flow through the filter is maintained at a constant rate. Pumps or weirs are used for in-fluent control. When the head or effluent turbidity reaches a preset value, the filter is back-washed.
In declining-rate filtration, the rate of flow through the filter is allowed to decline as the rate of head loss builds up with time. Declining-rate filtration systems are either in-fluent controlled or effluent controlled.
In the effluent controlled type of filters, the filter effluent lines are connected to a common header. A fixed orifice is built into the effluent piping for each filter so that no filter after washing will take an undue share of the flow. The filtered water header pressure may be regulated by a throttle valve which discharges to filtered water reservoir. Costly rate controllers are replaced with fixed orifices and therefore, would make the units economical particularly in large water works involving batteries of filters. For equal duration of filter runs the total output per day from a declining rate filter is higher than that in the conventional filters. In group of filters operating at an average rate of 10 m3/m2/hr, the fixed orifice will be so designed that a recently cleaned filter will begin operation at 15 m3/ m2/hr while the filter next in line for cleaning will have slowed down to about 5 m3/m2/hr. Usually the depths of filter boxes for declining rate filters are more than those for the conventional ones. These would permit longer filter runs and consequent reduced wash water requirements.
The filter beds are operated by scheduled cleaning in such a way that each of beds will be in different stage of filter cycle producing the required average flow. When the rate of flow is reduced to the minimum design rate, the filter is removed from service and back-washed. In an inlet-controlled filter, the rate of flow is controlled proportional to the rate of filtration with float control arrangement to the inlet valve. Inlet control reduces the amount of work which has to be done on the filter to just clean it.
The Above Figure shows a typical rapid sand filter water treatment with components. The filter is contained within a filter box, usually made of concrete. Inside the filter box are layers of filter media and gravel.
Below the gravel, a network of pipes makes up the under-drain system which collects the filtered water and evenly distributes the backwash water. Washwater troughs help distribute the in-fluent water and are also used in collecting the dirty washed water during backwashing.
In addition to the components mentioned above, most rapid sand filters contain a flow controller, or filter control system, which regulates flow rates of water through the filter. Other parts, such as valves, a loss of head gauge, surface washers, and a backwash pump, are used while cleaning the filter.
Operation of a Rapid sand filter during water filtration is similar to operation of a Slow sand filter. The influent water flows down through the sand and support gravel and is collected by the underdrain system is shown in the above Figure. However, the influent water in a rapid sand filter is already relatively clear due to coagulation, flocculation and clarification, so RSFs operate much more quickly than SSFs. The rate of filtration varies from 80 to 120 Lpm/ m2 (4800 to 7200 Lph/ m2) of filter bed area or 4.8 to 7.2 m/ h. The average rate of filtration for design purpose may be assumed as 100 Lpm/ m20f filter area or (6m/h).
The filter tank is generally constructed of concrete and is most often rectangular. Filters in large plants are usually constructed next to each other in a row, allowing the piping from the clarifier basins to feed the water treatments filter from a central pipe gallery or from a inlet channel. The sizes of the filters vary according to the quantity to be treated. The number of filters is selected to minimize the effect of removing the filter from service for washing on remaining filters. The larger the number, therefore, the better it is, for the proper operation. Ideally it should be possible to take three filters out of service simultaneously (one draining down, one washing and one for maintenance). A minimum of four filters is desirable, although two to three filters may be used for small plants.
Water treatment filter bed sizes vary from 25 to 100 m2 with lengths in the range of 4 to12 m and widths in the range of2.5 to 8 m and length to breadth ratio of1.25 to 1.33. The wash water collection channel is located on one side along the length of the filter. Filter beds of twice this size can be constructed as two identical beds separated by the wash water collection cham1el, thus limiting the length of travel of feed water to 5 m. A minimum overall depth of 2.6 m including a free board of 0.5 m is adopted. Fig shows the cut section of RSF box showing the under drainage system, gravel, sand media and wash water gutters.
The filter media is the important component of the water treatments filter which actually removes the particles from the water being treated. Water Treatment filter media is most commonly sand, though other types of media can be used, usually in combination with sand. The sand used in rapid sand filters is coarser than the sand used in slow sand filters. This larger sand has larger pores which do not fill as quickly with particles removed from the water. Coarse sand also costs less and is more readily available than the finer sand used in slow sand filtration. The filter sand used in rapid sand filters is prepared from stock sand specifically for the purpose. Most rapid sand filters contain 60 to 75 cm thickness of sand, but some newer filters are deeper. The sand used as filter media in RSF is generally of effective size of 0.4 to 0.7 mm and uniformity coefficient of 1.3 to 1.7. The standing water depth over filter varies between 1.0 and 2.0 m.
The water filter gravel at the bottom of the water filter bed is not part of the filter media and it is merely providing a support for media above the underdrains and allowing an even distribution of flow of water across the filter bed during filtering and backwashing. The gravel also prevents the filter sand from being lost during the operation. The filter gravel is usually graded of size from 2.5 to 50 mm (largest size being at the bottom) in four to five layers to total thickness of 45 to 50 cm, depending on the type of under drain system used. In case the under drainage system with pourous bottom or false floor no gravel base is required. The filter gravel shall be classified by sieves into four or more size grades, sieves being placed with the coarsest on top and the finest at the bottom.
The under-drainage system of the water filter is intended to collect the filtered water and to distribute the wash water during backwashing in such a fashion that all portions of the bed may perform nearly the same amount of work and when washed receive nearly the same amount of cleaning. Since the rate of wash water flow is several times higher than the rate of filtration, the former is the governing factor in the hydraulic design of filters and under drainage system, which are cleaned by backwashing.
The most common type of under-drain is a central manifold with laterals either perforated on the bottom or having umbrella type strainers on top. Other types such as wheeler bottom, a false bottom with strainers spaced at regular intervals or a porous plate floor supported on concrete pillars are all satisfactory when properly designed and constructed.
Wash-water troughs placed above the filter media collect the backwash water and carry it to the drain system. Proper placement of these troughs is very important to ensure that the filter media is not carried into the troughs during the backwash operation and removed from the filter. The upper edge of the washwater trough should be placed sufficiently nearer to the surface of sand so that a large quantity of dirty water is not left above the filter sand after completion of washing. At the same time, the top of the wash-water trough should be placed sufficiently high above the surface of the sand so that the sand will not be washed into the gutter.
Width of the filter bed must be equally divided by the troughs so that each trough covers an equal area of the filter. Maximum clear spacing between the troughs may be 180 cm. The horizontal travel of wash-water to trough should not be more than 90 cm. All the wash water troughs must be installed at the same elevation so that they remove the backwashed water evenly from the filter so that an even head is maintained across the entire filter. The troughs may be made with the same cross-section throughout its length or it might be constructed with varying cross-section increasing in size towards the outlet end. The bottom of the troughs should clear the top of the expanded sand by 50 mm or more. These wash water troughs are constructed in concrete, plastic, fiberglass, or other corrosion-resistant materials. The troughs are designed as free falling weirs.
Proper backwashing for cleaning the water treatment filter is a very important step in the operation of a water filter. If the filter is not backwashed periodically, it will eventually develop additional operational problems. If a filter is to operate efficiently during a filter run it must be cleaned regularly at every 24 to 48 hours. Treated water from storage is used for the backwashing. This treated water is generally taken from elevated storage tanks or pumped in directly from the clear water drain by passing in the reverse direction from under drains to the media. The below Figure shows the flow pattern during the backwashing.
During filtration, the grains of water filter media become coated with the floes, which plug the voids between the filter grains, making the filter difficult to clean. Backwash should, therefore, be arranged at such a pressure that sand bed should expand to about 130 to 150% of its undisturbed volume so as to dislodge the deposited floes from the filter media during the backwash. Washing causes the sand grains to impinge on one another and thus dislodging adhering floc and, the rising wash water carries the material and discharge into the gutters. The backwash flow rate has to be great enough to expand and agitate the filter media and suspend the floes in the water for removal. On the other hand an unduly high rate of flow will cause more expansion than needed, so that the sand grains will be separated further and scrubbing action will be decreased and the media will be washed from the filter into the troughs and out of the filter. A normal backwash rate is 600 Lpm/ m2 of filter surface area without any other agitation. The pressure of the wash water to be applied is about 5 m head of water as measured in under drains. Backwashing normally takes about 10 minutes, though the time varies depending on the length of the filter run and the quantity of material to be removed. Water filters should be backwashed until the backwash water is clean. For high rate back wash, the pressure in the under drainage system should be 6 to 8 m with wash water requirement being 650 to 850 Lpm/ m2 of filter (40 – 50 m/hr) for a duration of 6 to 10 minutes.
In most cases the filter backwash rate will not be sufficient to break up the mass on the top of the filter. During filter backwash, the media expands upwards and around the washing arms only. If air is forced through the under-drains until the sand is thoroughly agitated, for a period of about five minutes the expansion of sand media and complete removal of the floes could be achieved. In the air wash system, compressed air is used to secure effective scrubbing action with a smaller volume of wash water. The air may be forced through the under drains before the wash-water is introduced or through a separate piping system placed between the gravel and the sand layer.
Though the former results in better washing, the gravel is likely to be disturbed. The cleaning of water treatment filter with air agitation followed by backwash is a very efficient method but requires the installation of a large air blower to produce the air. The normal design of backwashing employing conjunctive air and water wash, air will be applied at 700 to 850 Lpm/ m2 of filter area (45 – 50 m/hr) and water at 200 to 250 Lpm/ m2 of filter area (12-15 m/hr).
The upper layer of the water filter bed becomes the dirtiest and any inadequate washing will lead to the formation of mud balls, cracks and clogged apots in the water filters. These troubles are overcome by adequate surface wash which can be accomplished by stirring the expanded water treatment filter bed mechanically with jet of water directed into the suspended sand. Surface washers spray water over the sand at the top of the filter breaking down mud-balls. The below Figure shows the surface wash arrangements.
Please what is the Physical and Material differences between Nozzles and the Under drain in Water Treatment plant.
I am an Engineer from Ogun State Water Corporation, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The Filters in our water sytem is collapsing daily, I see the need for total Rehabilitation. Please can you assist me the differences between Nozzle system and the Underdrain system. What is the physical properties of both? Kindly assist.
Just visit below link to get more information about Slow Sand Filters and Rapid Sand Filters.
and when should we backwash the filter. is there any criteria about that?
and, how much is the headloss through a sand filter, typically?
ρ = density of the fluid at all points in the fluid.
Why we say the area of rapid sand medium filter tank must not less than 10m^2?
Because of the back washing area required.
Please how can one assess the potential use of waste materials as filter media for water treatment?
Sand filters are very common, easy to understand and use and inexpensive. They are considered the least effective type of filter, but are still incredibly popular. The swimming pool filter is filled with sand. Pool water is pulled into the filter and pressed through the sand. The sand filters out particles from the water.
Thank you for the information shared. Just wander what will happen if the filter did not follow the recommended length to breadth ratio of1.25 to 1.33?
thank a lot and very useful.
how to calculate the flow in / out and measure the flow of the gravity filters.
Your water filtration method post provided us useful information to work on. You have done a outstanding job!
interesting site, very interesting. I like water treatment corrosion.
Excellent web site in water treatment. Plenty of useful info here. thanks.
Great learning….nice and good information. Thanks.
thank a lot for very useful information about of filtration.
If back washing is carried out in a proper manner how long will the sand media (of a RGF) last. Is it absolutely necessary to replace the sand media after 5-7 years. Maintenance involves annual removal of the top layers os sand. Raw water is treated with alum and cationic poly electrolyte and then led to the single media filter after coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation. Water is sourced from a river. The filters are provided with header-lateral underdrains and backwashing consists of air scouring followed by water washing.
Am waiting please because i want to install in my factory for potable water production.Thanks.
Very useful and clear information. Thank you so much!
I am an engineer and working for POublic water supply system.we are going to construct a rapid sand filter nozzle type.please inform whether the filters are placed in enclosed building or in open.Is there any disadvantage in keeping the filters open to sky.What i feel is the algae formation will frequently disruopt the working of filters.am i right or wrong.
Yes your thinking is correct? No problems to keep sand filters as a outdoor unit.Keep such as maintaining adequate water circulation, proper filtration, a routine maintenance schedule, frequently of backwash and flushing time is need more for outdoor unit then only we can avoid algae formation.
i m a engineering student, it helped me a lot to prepare the note on sand filtration .
Thank you for kind cooperation.
Where can i get the replacement glass caps that go on my Rapid Sand Filtration Filter System???
On the surface sweep, how far below the media should it be during backwash? Before backwash is started the surface sweep is about 4 inches above the media before bed rise.
i would like to design the sand filter for removal of the SS from waste water. can anybody help me with equation to decided the diameter, height and gravels level to be consider along with size.
What is the relationship sand depth and efficiency of rapid sand filter?
WHERE CAN BUY THE SPHERICAL STRAINER NOZZLE, NEED FOR A MAINTNANCE PLANT 4000 PCS SHORT STEN, 3/4 MFT.
Thank you very much. Quite useful information.


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As a learner in this course As Learning with Digital Stories (INTE 5340) comes to an end, there are three main ideas that will stick with me after this course.
Nilsson (2010): Developing Voice in Digital Storytelling through Creativity, Narrative and Multimodality This was a reading I can relate to a lot and this could have been something worth reading earlier in the semester.
This was a fun week for me. I tried switching some stuff up and was able to efficiently produce all of my assignments. Here's a summary of what I completed this week.
Wow! This week I was looking for something more inspirational to critique and I think I found it. I am not a morning person, as a matter of fact, I hate mornings.
Whew! I knew this was going to be a very busy week for me outside of class and I'm glad I planned accordingly. Here's a summary of what I completed this week.


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Vietnamese handicrafts boost exports – Vietnam Insider
Home»Breaking News»U.N. rights chief seeks sanctions against Sri Lanka generals
U.N. rights chief seeks sanctions against Sri Lanka generals
By Mike Harrison January 28, 2021 No Comments4 Mins Read
Michelle Bachelet accused Sri Lanka of reneging on promises to ensure justice for thousands of civilians killed in the civil war.
The U.N. human rights chief has called for an International Criminal Court investigation into Sri Lanka's Tamil separatist conflict and sanctions on military officials accused of war crimes, according to a report obtained by AFP.
Michelle Bachelet accused Sri Lanka of reneging on promises to ensure justice for thousands of civilians killed in the final stages of the 37-year separatist war that ended a decade ago.
"Domestic initiatives for accountability and reconciliation have repeatedly failed to produce results, more deeply entrenching impunity, and exacerbating victims' distrust in the system," she said in the report obtained ahead of its official release.
The government of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa has reversed some advances made under previous administrations in protecting human rights, the report said.
Surveillance of rights activists and dissidents has increased and a climate of self-censorship has emerged, it added.
Mr. Rajapaksa won a 2019 presidential election on a nationalist agenda which included a promise that troops who crushed Tamil rebels would not be prosecuted.
Mr. Rajapaksa was the top defence official when government forces crushed the guerrillas in a military campaign that ended in May 2009. His brother Mr. Mahinda was President then and is currently Prime Minister.
'Asset freezes'
U.N. reports have accused Sri Lankan troops of shelling hospitals and indiscriminate aerial bombardments, executing surrendering rebels and causing the disappearance of thousands of minority Tamils.
At least 1,00,000 people were killed in the war and allegations were made that 40,000 Tamil civilians were killed in the final onslaught.
The President, a retired army lieutenant colonel, threatened last year to withdraw from the U.N. rights council if it pursued allegations against his troops.
Sri Lanka has not signed up to the ICC, and so it is outside its jurisdiction. But while another state cannot refer a non-signatory to the ICC, the U.N. can.
In her latest assessment, Ms. Bachelet recommended for the first time that the ICC look into Sri Lanka's case, and said action should be taken against war criminals, including Tamil rebels.
"Member states can actively pursue investigation and prosecution of international crimes committed by all parties in Sri Lanka before their own national courts," she said.
The 17-page report also calls for possible targeted sanctions "such as asset freezes and travel bans against credibly alleged perpetrators" of rights violations.
Ms. Bachelet expressed concern at General Shavendra Silva's elevation as army chief and General Kamal Gunaratne's appointment as defence secretary.
U.N. reports have implicated them in alleged war crimes.
Mr. Silva, who was a field commander at the height of the separatist war, already faces a U.S. travel ban.
Sri Lanka has resisted repeated calls for an independent investigation and the Rajapaksa brothers had previously denied any war crimes were committed.
However, ahead of next month's U.N. Human Rights Council sessions in Geneva, President Rajapaksa last week did a U-turn and said Sri Lanka would investigate some allegations.
He gave a commission of inquiry six months to look into previous inquiries into allegations of "human rights violations, serious violations of international humanitarian law".
The U.N. rights body said that, since returning to power, the President had undermined previous police investigations and may have contributed to the destruction of evidence.
Ms. Bachelet called on member states to take action to preserve evidence from key cases such as the killing of 17 aid workers from a French charity in August 2006 and the 2009 assassination of newspaper editor Lasantha Wickrematunge.
The U.N. rights chief said several top police officers involved in high-profile cases had been penalised or arrested to stifle investigations.
She also criticised President Rajapaksa for granting a pardon in 2020 to an army officer convicted and jailed for killing eight Tamil civilians, including four children, in April 2000.
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