The world of bunkers is heading for rapid and fundamental changes and not just because of the 0.50% sulphur cap in 2020. While IMO and stakeholders are working hard to deal with this unprecedented global fuel specification change, discussions have moved on to just how soon we should phase out the use of fossil fuels altogether.
By the time you read this, the key outcomes of the 72nd session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee will have been well publicised, but not necessarily well understood. Misunderstandings have been rife with regards to what the approval of a carriage ban of fuel oil exceeding 0.50% sulphur actually means. Has it changed anything? And what does it mean if the IMO agrees to ban the use and carriage of heavy fuel oil (HFO) as bunkers in the Arctic? And how on earth can we cut CO2 emissions from global shipping by at least 50% by 2050 to keep the world safe from catastrophic climate change?
As expected, MEPC 72 agreed to amendments to MARPOL Annex VI to prohibit the carriage of bunkers above 0.50% sulphur in bunker tanks on ships. It is set for adoption at MEPC 73, which should allow it to take effect on 1 March, 2020. The intention of this regulatory change is clear and simple, but has lent itself to a surprising amount of misinterpretation.
The only thing that has actually changed is that the text of MARPOL Annex VI now prohibits not just the use of bunkers above 0.50% sulphur content, but also makes it an offence for ships to carry it in their fuel tanks. Nothing else is new. From January 1, 2020, only ships with an approved "equivalent arrangement" such as scrubbers are allowed to use high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) and from March 1, 2020 they will also be the only ships allowed to keep HSFO in their bunker tanks.
Strangely, some think the carriage ban means all ships, even those without scrubbers, can carry on buying and using HSFO until 1 March 2020. The reality, however, is that while all ships can still legally carry it until 1 March 2020, seeing as they are not allowed to use it after January 1, why would they?
Other parts of MARPOL Annex VI deal with the exemptions from this general requirement. Scrubbers are allowed under Regulation 4 on equivalent means of compliance. Any ship with a scrubber will have this reflected its International Air Pollution Prevention (IAPP) Certificate. Moreover, it is possible for a ship to be given an exemption to conduct trials for sulphur emission reduction and control technology research under regulation 3.2 of MARPOL Annex VI.
Hence, when IMO regulations talk about fuel oil, it is only talking about fuel intended for combustion purposes, or bunkers. This does not include fuel oil carried as cargo. However, at MEPC 72, IBIA co-sponsored a document with IPIECA to ensure the regulatory text amendment would not unintentionally prevent bunker barges from carrying HSFO for delivery to ships with scrubbers. Originally, the text proposed for approval read: "The sulphur content of any fuel oil used or carried for use on board ships shall not exceed 0.50% m/m." IPIECA and IBIA pointed out that this could be read as not allowing bunker barges to carry high sulphur bunker products as this would in fact be "fuel oil for use on ships". Our proposal received strong support as the need for a clear, unambiguous text was recognised, and the text eventually agreed specifies "fuel oil used or carried for use on board a ship," which should prevent the interpretation from including bunkers carried as cargo.
So, if the carriage ban changes nothing regarding what ships should be doing to comply with the 0.50% sulphur limit, why bother? The purpose is to enable more effective enforcement of the 2020 sulphur cap and hence reduce the risk that operators will be tempted to cheat and gain a competitive advantage. It means port State authorities only need to prove carriage of non-compliant bunkers, whereas the current regulatory text means they would have to prove that it has been used in their jurisdiction in order for them to be able to sanction the ship.
Global marine fuel test data provided to the IMO's sulphur monitoring programme are reported MEPC annually. They hint at the magnitude of the change that will need to happen in the global bunker supply chain in 2020. Test data for 2017 showed that only 1.61% of the residual fuels tested in 2017 were below 0.50%, while a further 3.25% of the samples tested in the 0.50% to 1.00% sulphur range. This suggests that supply of residual fuel meeting the upcoming 0.50% sulphur limit without significant blending is very limited. By contrast, prior to the global limit falling from 4.5% to 3.50% sulphur, only 13% of all residual fuels in the IMO sulphur monitoring programme tested above the new limit versus close to 98% at present.
There's no such issue with marine distillates, where 95.02% of the tested fuel was below 0.10% sulphur content, meaning the vast majority of distillate fuels supplied at present meets the emission control area (ECA) sulphur limit.
However, the IMO sulphur monitoring report also shows that the volume of residual fuels tested was 10 times that of distillate fuels, so come 2020, the vast majority of fuels supplied today will have to be replaced with fuels that are much lower in sulphur. That will be quite an undertaking in the supply chain and we will likely see many unfamiliar blends as the market strives to find the most cost-effective fuel solutions.
MEPC 72 also heard that the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been given the green light to develop a Publicly Available Specification (PAS) in response to a request from the IMO to provide an ISO standard that can better reflect the quality of fuels with no more than 0.50% sulphur. Work is underway on PAS 23263: "Guidelines for fuel suppliers and users regarding marine fuel quality considering the implementation of maximum 0.50%S in 2020" and looks like it will be ready by the end 2019. The intention of PAS 23263 is to provide detailed guidance to fuel suppliers and users on the type of fuel blends that are anticipated to dominate the global bunker market in 2020.
MEPC 72 agreed that work will begin to develop a ban on the use and carriage of heavy fuel oil (HFO) for combustion purposes by ships in Arctic waters, but first it needs to define what is meant by 'HFO'. Fuel blends complying with the upcoming 0.50% sulphur limit may contain both distillate and HFO blend components, so it will be critical to have a clear definition.
A group of countries put forward a proposal to ban HFO use and carriage as fuel by all ships to which MARPOL applies when operating in Arctic waters no later than 2021, with a five-year delay in implementation for ships that have fuel tank protections in place. The ban would not apply to HFO carried as cargo.
The proposal was resisted by some countries which were ready to identify measures to reduce and mitigate the risk of HFO fuel spills, but not a carriage ban. There was also discussion on the potential impact of such a ban on maritime trade, in particular on Arctic communities and economies. MEPC 72 agreed that this should be assessed before adopting a future ban.
MEPC 72 agreed on the scope of work for the Sub-committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR), which meets for its 6th session in February 2019. PPR 6 has been tasked to develop a definition of HFO; prepare a set of guidelines on mitigation measures to reduce risks of use and carriage of heavy fuel oil as fuel by ships in Arctic waters; and on the basis of an assessment of the impacts, develop a ban on HFO for use and carriage as fuel by ships in Arctic waters, on an appropriate timescale.
PPR 6 has been instructed to take Regulation 43 of MARPOL Annex I into account when developing a definition of HFO. The key would be .2 in Regulation 43 (above).
The current HGO ban in the Antarctic means all the marine fuel grades meeting current ISO 8217 marine distillate (DM) specifications would be allowed for carriage and use. Residual grades (RM), although several of them have a kinematic viscosity at 50°C below 180 cSt, all have a maximum density limit in excess of 900 kg/m3, which would not be allowed.
With extensive blending of various components anticipated to meet the 0.50% sulphur limit in 2020, it is anticipated that many blends classified as RM products will have viscosity below 180 cSt. Density may also be lower than we see for most RM grades today, though it seems unlikely that fuels designated as RM would be below the 900 kg/m3 at 15°C threshold.
If the IMO agrees to use the current HGO definition for the Antarctic ban to define what constitutes 'HFO', density would become the key differentiator between fuels that can be used or carried for use in the Polar regions and those that would be banned. Ships equipped with scrubbers would still be able to transit Polar waters, but only if they empty out HFO from all their fuel tanks first, rendering scrubbers rather obsolete in Polar regions.
The heat was on for MEPC 72 to adopt an initial IMO strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from ships. The world was watching. There were almost daily demonstrations outside and a warning emblazoned across the embankment of the River Thames facing the building: "IMO Don't Sink Paris".
MEPC 72 was preceded by an intersessional working group (WG) to develop a draft text to be finalised by the Committee. It was clear that consensus would not come easy, but after two weeks of tough negotiations, during which many countries set out incompatible positions threatening to undermine the chances of arriving at an agreement, a compromise text was adopted. This sends a strong signal about the IMO's commitment to phasing out greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping as soon as possible, consistent with the Paris Agreement temperature goals.
The agreed overall "level of ambition" to reduce the sector's total GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 levels was the most hotly contested point. It was viewed as far too weak for many, while a large number of countries objected to defining a figure at this stage as they felt it is premature and not based on evidence.
Addressing MEPC 72 toward the end of the week, IMO Secretary-General Kitack Lim encouraged member states to adopt the compromise text although, as he conceded, it may not be completely satisfactory to everyone. Failing to adopt the Initial IMO GHG Strategy was "not an option," he stressed, reminding the Committee that the Initial Strategy is a key starting point; it is not the final outcome.
IMO has agreed to present a revised GHG Strategy in 2023, when it has data from its mandatory fuel consumption data collection and a new IMO GHG Study to better define shipping's actual contribution to global GHG emissions.
The Initial IMO GHG Strategy includes a vision statement: "IMO remains committed to reducing GHG emissions from international shipping and, as a matter of urgency, aims to phase them out as soon as possible in this century." It sets out objectives highlighting IMO's role in addressing GHG emissions and identifying what actions to take, while supporting the continued development of global trade and maritime transport services. The controversial "levels of ambition" include not just the overall "at least 50%" sector reduction goal by 2050, but also a stated aim to reduce CO2 emissions per transport work, as an average across international shipping, by at least 40% by 2030, pursuing efforts towards 70% by 2050, compared to 2008.
The strategy also contains a list of "candidate short-, mid- and long term further measures with possible timelines and their impact on states" to be further developed. These start off with technical and operational energy efficiency measures, before transitioning to low-carbon and eventually zero-carbon fuels.
The purpose is to make sure international shipping contributes its fair share in the global effort to keep climate change in check by limiting temperature rises to "well below" 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to keep them to no more than 1.5°C. If this fails, the world as we know it could change dramatically and for some of the Pacific island states represented at the IMO, due to rising sea levels, it would literally mean the end.
To achieve this aim, however, the use of fossil fuels would have to be phased out completely and replaced with carbon neutral energy sources. Just what the fuels of the future might be is not yet clear. We are a long way away as current supply of carbon-neutral options and technologies fall well short of global energy demand.
The lyrics of 1987 hit from the rock band R.E.M. concludes: "It's the end of the world as we know it, and I feel fine." The task ahead of us, then, is to find the energy solutions that will make us feel fine. That means the end of the world as we know it for oil-based bunkers.
This article was first published in the summer 2018 edition of World Bunkering, IBIA's official magazine.


John Victor Evans, (1895–1957), the son of Henry Howard Evans, general manager of the Cambrian Collieries in Mid-Rhondda, lived at Park Isaf, Cwmdare, where he attended the village elementary school. He was a pupil of the Aberdare County School for just two years, 1908 – 1910, being withdrawn to enrol at Christ College, Brecon. Evans served in the army during World War 1; entered St. John's College, Oxford and graduated in 1922 with a degree in history; whilst at Oxford he became President of the Union. He became a barrister, lecturer at UCW Aberystwyth, but returned to Aberdare in 1936 to become the first warden of Coleg Gwerin Cynon, (Aberdare Educational Settlement), at Fairfield House, leaving that post in 1939 after the death of his son. A career in the civil service in London followed. He died at home in Dulwich Village, 15 May 1957.
The late Walter T. Morgan, also an Aberdarian, an archivist at the NLW, has written an entry in the Welsh Bibliography Online for J. Victor Evans that gives a full account of his career.


text:
Legal Services TRAVEL
Registering for goods vehicle motor service
January 7, 2021 January 11, 2021 Bestcashing	Angel Trust Family, Brexit, goods vehicle motor service, Legal Services, Trust registration service
After the UK and EU sign the Agreement for the European Union's Comprehensive Economic Trade (CETA). The Global Information Technology Agreement (GITA) will come into force. Creating the next phase of the post-Brexit trade talks between the UK and the EU. This is a major agreement that will open up markets for UK goods. While at the same time reducing the barriers for the EU's goods and services. The Agreement for the European Union's Comprehensive Economic Trade (CETA) will reduce the barriers between the UK and EU member states, allowing UK firms to access the single market for their goods and services more freely than before. By registering for goods and then doing the required trading with the EU member states, businesses in the UK and throughout Europe will be able to take advantage of the benefits of the new CETA agreement.
Comparison B/w UK and EU for registering for goods
When it comes to registering for goods the UK and EU have similar standards and rules. However, there are important differences in what each organisation requires its importers and exporters. For instance, the UK has a much tighter customs policy than the EU. As a result, the UK importers will be able to import and export more goods. Products and services from the UK than the EU. The vehicles, machinery, and food that are import from the UK. Must also meet fewer restrictions than those in the EU.
Why Registering for goods with UK Post-Brexit is Important?
Registering for goods with the UK post-Brexit is not only a necessary requirement but it is a legal requirement too. If UK companies do not register with the relevant authorities they will be breaking a number of laws, which could result in heavy penalties being issued. The Vehicle Moving Service is the only means of transporting goods between the EU and the UK. Therefore, if your business needs to transport any type of goods from one place in the UK to another, you should register for the vehicle movement service. That can be done at the port of destination or by sending the registration and payment to the relevant offices.
Vehicles and goods cannot be sent to other EU member states without first being registered and tracked down with a registered office. Once you have registered your goods with the UK Post-Brexit Office, they will send a tracker and a registration plate to your registered office. The tracker is used to ensure that the goods are being moved as agreed. The registered office is where the goods are stored until they reach their destination. You can then take the goods to your departure point and collect them.
What happens when Goods Leave the Origin's Country?
When goods leave the country of origin, they are registered at the port of destination by the EU Customs authorities. These authorities will require you to take all the appropriate documentation and declaration forms. As well as pay an administration fee. All the information you must provide must be kept on your return sticker. And the sticker should be displayed clearly within 15 days of your departure. If you fail to return these goods, they are then considered to be abandoned, and will be subject to penalties.
Registering your vehicle movements is essential if you want to ensure that all the correct documentation. Is available should there be a problem, such as a broken-down vehicle or goods lost during transport. If you are moving goods between countries, you must ensure they are insured and you must register the carriage with the customs authority. At the port of departure and the port of entry, where you are going to leave and arrive. The container must also be registered when it leaves the country of origin. If you fail to do this, you run the risk of penalties being incurred.
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text:
https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Anti-U-S-sentiment-grows-in-Syria-after-raid-3262216.php
Anti-U.S. sentiment grows in Syria after raid
Nations had been edging toward talks before border raid
Brooke Anderson, Chronicle Foreign Service
Published 4:00 am PST, Monday, November 10, 2008
Saoud Rak Khalif visits the site where his brother Ahmed, a construction worker, was killed during the U.S. raid on Oct. 26. He stares at clothes of victims of the raid that been washed in a basin.
Photo: By Brooke Anderson, Special To The Chronicle
The U.S. incursion into Syria late last month put this eastern border town near Iraq on the world stage and many of its residents on edge.
"At the beginning of the war, we were scared. Then we got used to it. Now we're scared again - and angry," said Yusef Tara, who spoke to a reporter near the site of the Oct. 26 U.S. commando raid against an alleged al Qaeda in Iraq hideout that Damascus says killed eight civilians.
In this tightly controlled police state that had been trying to change its image and end years of global seclusion, protest groups are now allowed to stage anti-American rallies. And even though YouTube is banned, video footage of four U.S. helicopters carrying out the raid is making the rounds on cell phones.
The anti-American sentiment is in sharp contrast to months of toned-down rhetoric against the Bush administration as the two countries edged toward serious talks. The United States had been pleased that Syria accepted Iraqi refugees, made peace overtures to Israel, established full relations with Lebanon and shared intelligence about al Qaeda radicals. Two months ago, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice met in New York with her Syrian counterpart, Walid Moallem, in the highest-level talks between the two nations since 2005.
At the same time, the United States accused Syria of not doing enough to curb the flow of militant fighters from Syria into Iraq.
Now, the local media refers to the United States in language reserved for Israel after a military operation in the West Bank or Gaza Strip - war crimes, martyrs, terrorists and deaths of innocent civilians.
"This is the first time in Syrian-U.S. bilateral relations since 1945 (the year diplomatic relations were established) that the Americans attacked Syria," said Sami Moubayed, a political analyst in Damascus, Syria's capitol. "The raid makes it difficult for bilateral relations."
After the incursion, Al-Arabiya television reported that Iraqi troops had increased the number of personnel near Abu Kamal, a town of about 30,000 residents that borders Iraq's Anbar province and has no paved roads, daily power outages and cement homes with dirt floors. Syria also sent additional troops to the frontier, but has since withdrawn them to reduce security cooperation with the United States, officials say.
At the site of the raid, a large cement building under construction along the Euphrates River, there is an eerie calm as military police stand guard in an isolated area accessible by a bumpy, dirt road.
U.S. officials say the raid killed Abu Ghadiyah, an Iraqi who they believe was a top al Qaeda in Iraq militant operating a network that smuggled fighters into Iraq to carry out suicide bombings and other operations. They say several of his bodyguards were also killed.
As Saoud Rak Khalif entered the building, he viewed dried blood, shattered glass and walls pockmarked with bullet holes. His brother Ahmed, a 21-year-old construction worker, died during the raid by U.S. Special Forces.
"They did to us what they're doing to the Iraqis," Khalif said. "I have nothing against the American people. But they attacked civilians. This is terrorism."
Another fatality was Ali Abbas Ramadan, whom family members described as a 35-year-old construction site guard.
"I was in a tent when the helicopters came. The (American) soldiers came to inspect it. I don't know why," said 7-year-old Mariam Ramadan, Ramadan's daughter. "They were speaking a foreign language, and I didn't understand anything."
Syria has demanded that Washington apologize for the strike and has threatened to cut off cooperation on Iraqi border security. The government has also ordered all foreign staff of the American Language Center and American Cultural Center in Damascus to leave the country, and postponed a Nov. 12 meeting of a joint Syrian-Iraqi committee in Baghdad to improve troubled relations.
Baha Rakad, a member of the Human Rights Association in Syria, has pledged to file a lawsuit in Syrian courts against President Bush and the Pentagon on behalf of the victims of the raid.
Meanwhile, political analyst Moubayed points out that Syria's response to the raid has so far been restrained and that President Bashar Assad has expressed hope that Sen. Barack Obama's victory in the U.S. presidential election will bring "constructive dialogue."
"We did not expel the U.S. charge d'affaires, nor recall our ambassador," Moubayed said. "We are keeping room for future dialogue with President Obama."


I (Amrit) am obviously biassed because my wife is a Gujarati and my own wedding (in 2012) was a Gujarati wedding. But even otherwise, as a photographer I find Gujarati weddings to be quite fun and high on energy. I (and other ShaadiGraphers) have shot many such weddings across India. Hope you like the picture stories!
We have also made quite a few-wedding films from Gujarati weddings!


The charge to research, teach, and provide extension reaches beyond the fields and farms and deep into the heart of our cities. CALS students, faculty, and staff are working to restore, feed, inspire, revitalize, and educate people in urban areas every day.
The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences has changed agriculture time and again with discoveries and groundbreaking research. Since establishment as New York's land grant institution, agricultural research and extension has been a vital part of Cornell's contribution to the world.
Today CALS is creating green spaces, celebrating urban birds, ensuring food assistance for the hungry, planning the renaissance of the New York Harbor ecosystem, evaluating the effect of trees on air pollution, revitalizing urban site planning, protecting people from waterborne disease, and teaching city students how to grow their own food. Through these efforts and more, CALS is dedicated to an urban land grant mission.
Keith G. Tidball, extension associate in the Department of Natural Resources, is investigating the role that nature plays in people's ability to survive, recover, and bounce back after disturbance.
More than half the world's population now lives in urban areas. This gives sustainability advocates and environmentalists a challenge to determine how the city integrates with nature.
CALS' Keith Tidball organized efforts to encourage urban kids to bring nature to cities by planting trees.
After Katrina struck, Tidball traveled to New Orleans to help the community rebuild through the New Orleans Planning Initiative of the Department of City and Regional Planning in Cornell's College of Architecture, Art, and Planning. He has since returned many times with the support of the Ford Foundation.
"We expected people to talk about urban agriculture and gardens," Tidball says, "but what we didn't expect were people talking about how devastating it is to lose the trees. New Orleans was known as a tree-filled city. People were determined to show the world that they were bouncing back—by planting trees."
Running with this sentiment, Tidball is now helping New Orleans to revitalize through community-led urban greening efforts. He is excited to work with people passionate about their place in nature.
"People dismiss thinking about cities in terms of the environment," Tidball says. "They think that it is not natural, but humans are a part of nature. We evolved with it, and we are in cities by virtue of who we are."
After 9/11, Tidball saw an upwelling of interest in creating green spaces—memorial parks, community gardens, and tree groves. This inspired him to think about how to clear the way for community members in cities to make green projects a reality. At Cornell, Tidball teaches the Urban Environments independent study and seminar course, service learning focused on cities and humans' relationship with the environment. The course culminates in a one-week experience in New York City, through a partnership with Cornell's Public Service Center, where students take a closer look at a topic discussed in class—it could be urban forestry, greening as in parks or gardens, wildlife and fisheries, water quality, or green building design.
The inspiration at the heart of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology's Celebrate Urban Birds project is to bring the wild to the child.
Karen Purcell '87, extension specialist and project leader, started Celebrate Urban Birds in 2006 to target underserved audiences in the sciences, particularly young urban Latinos.
Participants gather for a Celebrate Urban Birds event in Central Park.
"We wanted to bring a love of birds, science, and increased habitat awareness to people everywhere, anywhere," Purcell says. Encouraging active participation in science at a young age, she adds, opens the door to science careers later in life.
Like other citizen science programs at the Lab of O, Celebrate Urban Birds encourages participants to take a look at nature around them, jot down observations, and mail them in.
The Lab of O has been involving the public in science since Arthur A. Allen '16 first hung the lab's shingle on his door in Comstock Hall in 1915, but citizen science has blossomed via the Internet. Today the program runs a large selection of projects, with legacy data sets useful for studying impacts of global climate change.
Whether designed for research or education, each citizen science project has educational resources, data entry, visualization, and graphing tools that allow people to manipulate and see patterns in the data they contribute—see www.cornellcitizen science.org.
"Participant numbers for Celebrate Urban Birds are fantastic," says Janis Dickinson, PhD '87, associate professor of natural resources and Arthur A. Allen Director of Citizen Science at the Lab of O. "We have 3,000 partner organizations— schools, clubs, 4-H, libraries, corporate wellness programs, rehabilitation clinics, and battered women's shelters."
Participants can host an urban bird celebration with a free "Celebration Kit" that includes an urban-birds poster, materials about birds and urban greening, data forms, and sunflowerseed packets for planting. More than 80,000 kits have been distributed.
In November 2008, the National Forum on Children and Nature endorsed 30 demonstration projects nationwide that creatively reconnect kids with nature, including Celebrate Urban Birds. The program has also elicited interest in other parts of the world, particularly in India, where it could be useful in tracking declines of native birds once common in cities.
When the economy takes a plunge, food pantries and soup kitchens step up to the challenge.
Calum Turvey, the W.I. Myers Professor of Agricultural Finance, is working on a model to predict a surge in emergency food demand months before it happens. He works with Food Bank of New York City employees, who sometimes become volunteers—working without pay to make sure the hungry get fed.
Volunteers from the Food Bank of New York City hand out meals in West Harlem.
"When you are working with people who are that dedicated, you can't say no to whatever little thing you can do to help," Turvey says.
The Food Bank cannot spare money for research, so Turvey gives them his time. He is part of the Food Banks' Research Policy and Education advisory committee, which helps determine the demand for food pantries, soup kitchens, food stamps, or the Women, Infants, and Children supplemental nutrition program.
"At the end of the day we have a gap—the number of people in NYC that need emergency food assistance and aren't getting it," Turvey says.
The numbers are disturbing. "We had numbers that were very large in some areas that we couldn't explain," Turvey says. "We went over our methodology and decided it was good. We would rather that number go forward and be wrong than be kept back." The group concluded that up to 1.3 million people in New York City are in need of emergency food assistance at some point during the year.
The next step is to get ahead of the curve. Now Turvey is working on a model that will predict how many people will need food assistance three months in the future. He bases the model on a number of economic indicators, including interest rates, inflation, and building permits.
"I have high hopes for the prediction model," Turvey says. "The economy is crashing, which means that donors are crashing, but now the Food Bank has more clients. It is a pretty hard thing for them to manage. At least this will give them a three-month view. Instead of noticing on any given day they're open that they're out of food by 10 a.m., they will be able to anticipate an increase in demand."
The New York Harbor may not seem like the place for an environmental renaissance, but that is exactly what Mark Bain, associate professor of aquatic systems ecology, hopes to see.
Professor Mark Bain is collaborating with environmental experts, policymakers, and citizens to rebuild the New York Harbor's ecosystem.
Bain and eight other experts have been meeting since 2007 to set the restoration agenda. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the Army Corps of Engineers, and others have already invested millions to make New York City's waterways a world-class estuary and harbor, but they needed to figure out what that means in an urban environment.
"Even within our group of eight experts we were having a hard time coming to agreement on what needed to be done," Bain says.
The group was divided into four segments. Some called for a restoration of nature—a return to the past. Another philosophy was to create opportunities for natural processes to happen on their own—"rewilding." The third approach was to improve ecosystem functions, such as fisheries production. The fourth, and the eventual consensus, was to put natural elements back into a human-dominated ecosystem.
"Once we decided that the ecosystem had been irreversibly modified by human activity and made the decision to work with that activity, it became more practical, methodical work."
"We decided that we needed to have a mosaic of habitats for wildlife and make sure the ecosystem was still very oriented toward people," Bain explains. "We would specify conditions— measurable, identifiable goals—called target ecosystem characteristics."
The targets, 11 of them, include a focus on coastal wetlands, reopening connections to tributaries, restoring oyster reefs, and maintaining islands for water birds.
"We started saying that what we were doing was mapping out a renaissance in the environment. We were making anew—looking forward to a new environment."
Bain can see that the goals are starting to be realized. At meetings with community members and policymakers, people are motivated.
"We haven't remade the environment yet, but we have steered the ship in the right direction and a lot of groups have gotten on board."
After the state saw the movement caused by the group's work in New York City, they asked Bain and the other committee members to repeat the process and draw up a similar restoration agenda for the upper Hudson.
A tree-lined city is the urban Eden, and many believe that greenery helps cleanse the air of pollutants.
Tom Whitlow, associate professor of horticulture, knows that the correlation between more trees and cleaner air is not easy to make.
Many often-cited studies of trees as the "lungs of the city" look at the amount of particles deposited on leaves of trees. "But that tells us nothing about the particulate matter in the air that we breathe," Whitlow says.
New York City teens watch a Cornell research assistant monitor a device to sample the city's air for pollutants.
In wind tunnels, Whitlow measured what happens when a stream of particulates is passed through tree branch groups of varying leaf density and area. Airborne particles come in all different sizes, but the most worrisome are those of less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, small enough to enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. The tests showed that leaf canopies actually increase the length of time that particles are airborne. Just as water flowing in a stream swirls slowly in the lee of a rock, particles in the tunnel remained suspended longer when blown through tree branches.
Next, Whitlow went to New York City for real-world data. Regulatory agencies often place particle detectors on rooftops and report hourly averages. Whitlow moved his to the street where people actually walk and sampled every six seconds—the rate at which most people breathe.
With research assistants attending each detector and noting events that might cause a spike in particulates, Whitlow's study showed that distance from the road mattered more than presence of trees or even a dense hedge.
As the study progressed Whitlow realized that the issue was complicated by many factors. Each new convolution means that there will be no easy solution to urban air pollution. For example, particulates of less than 2.5 micrometers aren't just tailpipe emissions but microscopic fragments of tires and even food.
"One of the spikes we saw correlated directly with an entry in the data book that said 'Strong smell of barbecue!'" he says. "And I think it would be even more difficult to regulate barbecue than auto emissions. It is a very complex picture. Our studies show some unexpected results that are difficult to interpret."
One thing is clear: we can't plant enough trees in cities to cleanse the air, even if the greens did provide the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants. But monitoring particulates where human activity occurs can certainly help us decide how to regulate for cleaner air.
Students in Peter Trowbridge's class, co-taught with Deni Ruggeri, MLA '01, MRP '01, have a chance to design a community park atop a new parking garage adjacent to the World Trade Center site in New York City. Trowbridge, professor of landscape architecture, focuses his work on creating green spaces that integrate city function and nature.
"These student projects are partnerships with architecture firms to generate ideas," Trowbridge says. "Many times the organization follows up, takes the ideas the studio generated, and refines a concept to make it a reality."
CALS students sketched plans for more green space at Battery City Park in Manhattan as part of a redesign of two nearby piers.
The new parking garage project is happening because the Deutsche Bank building adjacent to the WTC site was badly damaged and scheduled for demolition. The Port Authority sought ideas to create a neighborhood park in the area over the new underground parking garage.
Trowbridge, with wife Nina Bassuk '74, also co-teaches Creating the Urban Eden: Woody Plant Selection, Design, and Landscape Establishment, a year-long landscape architecture course. Students learn how to assess a potential site; select appropriate trees, shrubs, vines, and ground cover; design the space; and install the new landscape. The course focuses on site remediation. Past projects include the CALS centennial garden behind Mann Library, a tree-planting project in Geneva, N.Y., and other work in Tompkins County.
Trowbridge's studio classes also worked on a greenway on the East River in New York City. Originally a construction bypass, the mayor's office decided to keep the roadway and expand it into a greenway. The studio worked on ideas for the greenway to help give people a chance to relax and recreate within a natural space.
"The Hudson River Trust is redesigning two piers near Battery City Park. This year, students in a design studio taught by Jamie Vanucchi, MLA '02 looked at how to incorporate nature and education into the space," Trowbridge says.
Last year, Cornell landscape architecture students placed second in the Ed Bacon Foundation competition, Rebuild/Revive. Graduate and undergraduate students in the Department of Landscape Architecture worked on a plan for urban renewal in the once thriving industrial neighborhood of Ludlow in northern Philadelphia.
"These projects serve the community and get students involved with public projects and real clients," Trowbridge says. "It is a great way to teach."
In his lab in Wing Hall, William Ghiorse, chair of the Department of Microbiology, studies a tiny organism that caused the largest U.S. waterborne disease outbreak. In 1993, half the population of Milwaukee, Wis. was infected by Cryptosporidium parvum, an intestinal parasite that spreads through drinking water. Officials didn't realize what was happening until pharmacies ran low on Imodium—400,000 Milwaukeeans got sick, and as many as 100 people died. There is no treatment for C. parvum, and the deaths occurred among those with severely compromised immune systems.
Professor William Ghiorse looks on as undergraduates examine C. parvum oocysts through a microscope.
During the same period, New York City was under pressure from the Environmental Protection Agency to filter its drinking water. It had been long suspected that runoff from farms could contaminate the reservoirs in the Catskills that hydrate New York City, but little was known about how much risk there was and how to counter the threat. Although it is known as some of the best tap water in the world, New York City's water supply is not filtered. The city was chlorinating the water, but chlorine does not kill C. parvum.
An individual infected with C. parvum develops watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever, and vomiting. Symptoms last one to two weeks in healthy people, and with each bowel movement millions of oocysts are shed from the intestinal lining. Oocyst viability is the key to C. parvum's success.
Ghiorse realized unlocking that biological secret would require knowledge of how C. parvum is able to survive outside a host for long periods of time, especially in a farm environment.
"Each oocyst is a tough-walled capsule containing four infective cells," explains Ghiorse. "The oocyst wall is waxy, impermeable, and strong, protecting it from chemicals like chlorine."
"But a January thaw will kill them," he says. "Oocysts in manure spread on a field in winter can't stand the freezing and thawing. It breaks them into pieces. Problems could occur when you have a cold winter with no thaw and the snow melts all at once in the spring."
Ghiorse helped draw up guidelines for farmers, including requirements like setbacks to keep animals a certain distance away from streams and proper drainage procedures. Now, Ghiorse is focusing his inquiries into the reason for oocyst viability.
Helping with research along the way are many undergraduate students in Ghiorse's lab.
"The students learn how to do some experimental work comparing viability with biological factors like utilization of stored starch. At the same time, we're answering important questions that have implications for human health, public policy, and basic biology," he says.
How do you teach an inner-city student about agriculture, when they are surrounded by sidewalks and buildings instead of fields and farms? You give them their own mini-farm to run.
Building on more than 20 years of research in hydroponics, Philson A.A. Warner from Cornell Cooperative Extension in New York City, has developed the nutrient drip flow technique (NDFT™) hydroponics technology and the Hydroponics Learning Model (HLM) curriculum to teach science and technology to youth and adults. Students are provided with seeds to grow edible crops, such as basil, Chinese cabbage, and lettuce, while exploring fundamental concepts in applied and biological sciences, technology, and environmental studies.
Extension associate Philson Warner, right, instructs inmate and student Carlos Miranda in the Rikers Island hydroponics lab.
"It's not just teaching the sciences and technology. It is inquiry-based and hands-on—and at the end of the experience these youngsters are engaged in economics and entrepreneurial activities," Warner says.
Teachers interested in implementing HLM attend a three-day workshop and learn the methodology behind the model. They return to their classrooms with kits, each comprised of a mini ND FT-system, educational materials, and tools to test water quality, pH, and nutrient levels.
"The youngsters are put in charge of the system. It becomes their curriculum. They monitor everything that goes on in the plants—the environment and ecological factors for growth."
Students learn the science behind Warner's hydroponics technology. They learn how plants use the energy of the sunlight and nutrients in the water. They strategize production of the plants and learn how to make marketing decisions.
"This is a wonderful new methodology to teach the sciences," says Warner. "The curriculum fits in the New York Regents standards. The state expects that the classroom will complete approximately 22 labs, and HLM has more than 30 labs involved."
Ten high schools in New York City, such as Food and Finance High School and Brooklyn Democracy Academy, are currently learning through HLM, and more schools are adapting it. The program has also crossed over to the Rikers Island school system and is the standard requirement for science in the two high schools there.
"Many of these youngsters live in an inner-city environment," Warner says. "They don't have a clue how vegetables are produced. The program is a grabber, because it happens in real time, right in front of them. This is not just something on television. They know that the program is being utilized professionally and at Cornell. The possibilities are in front of them."


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Грузское (устар. Иловатое) — солёно-грязевое озеро в юго-восточной части Орловского района Ростовской области.

Относится к Манычской озерной группе водоёмов реликтового (морского) происхождения. Расположено севернее озера Маныч-Гудило, от которого отделено плоским бугром высотой до 3—5 м.

Площадь водоёма 8,25 км². Озеро имеет довольно правильную форму вытянутого овала около 10,5 км длины и 1,5 км ширины. Берега озера местами возвышаются до 3 м, в него впадает несколько степных балок. На северном берегу озера расположен посёлок Маныч.

Целебные свойства
На озере добывается рапа — минеральная вода озера. Количество рапы зависит от температуры воздуха (сезона года) и количества выпадающих осадков. При отсутствии ветра рапа равномерно распределяется по поверхности дна озера. При ветре она быстро сгоняется в одну сторону, обнажая иногда 2/3 и более дна озера. Поверхность озера с рапой всегда гладкая, зеркальная. Рапа имеет горько-солёный, жгучий вкус; на ощупь масляниста. Температура рапы колеблется по сезонам года. В летнее время она достигает (20―380), благодаря высоким и крутым берегам, защищающим озеро от ветра.

С XVII века на берегу озера действует климатокумысолечебница Маныч. Здесь производилось лечения грязями, рапными ваннами и кумысом. В начале XIX века лечебница была закрыта, возобновила деятельность в 1886 году. Устройство работы лечебницы было возложено на управляющего горною и соляной частями в области войска Донского В. А. Вагнера и врача И. И. Владыкина. В 1908 году санитарная станция получила название «Вагнеровская». 10 апреля 1909 году было высочайше утверждено "Положение о Вагнеровской Манычско-Грузской санитарной станции.

Данные государственного водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России:
 Код водного объекта 05010500711107000008794
 Бассейновый округ Донской бассейновый округ
 Речной бассейн Дон (российская часть бассейна)
 Речной подбассейн Дон ниже впадения Северского Донца
 Водохозяйственный участок Маныч от истока до Пролетарского г/у без рр. Калаус и Егорлык.

Примечания

Озёра Ростовской области
Солёные озёра Ростовской области
Манычские озёра

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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If you wish to stay sharp even in the golden years, regular exercise may be of immense help, suggests new research.
In a study of older men between ages 64-75 years, the researchers found that the fitter men performed better mentally than the less fit men, by using parts of their brains in the same way as in their youth.
The study led by Hideaki Soya from the University of Tsukuba in Japan and his colleagues showed direct relationship between brain activity, brain function and physical fitness in this group of older men.
The researchers pointed out that as we age, we use different parts of our brain compared to our younger selves.
With tasks involving the temporary storage and manipulation of memory, young adults favour the right side of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), while older adults engage both the right and left PFC.
In order to examine whether physical fitness can retain some youthful qualities of the brain, the researchers aerobic fitness in 60 older men.
The men, whose physical fitness was found to vary widely, then performed a test to measure their selective attention, executive function and reaction time.
This well-known 'colour-word matching Stroop test' involved showing the men words meaning color, such as blue, green, red, but asking them to name the color of the letters rather than read the word itself.
Analysis of the relationship between brain activity and Stroop reaction time revealed that those men that favoured the left side of the PFC while performing the Stroop test had faster reaction times.
This indicated that older adults who use the more youth-like, task-related side of the brain perform better in this test.
The researchers also found that fitter men had shorter reaction times.
Based on these findings, the researchers correctly predicted that higher aerobic fitness would be associated with higher left-PFC activity.
In other words, fitter men tend to use the more youth-like side of their brains, the findings showed.
The study appeared in the journal NeuroImage.
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Samantha's Bollywood Debut
April 24, 2014 at 6:56 am by SachinNandani 2014-04-24T07:08:34+05:30
Well,this piece of news hasn't surprised us at all. And we're sure you aren't surprised on reading this as well.
Rumour has it that Tollywood Hottie Samantha has been signed by a reputed production house in Bollywood. The news of Samantha considering Bollywood films had been doing the rounds for quite some time now. However,there were no serious winds of confirmations yet.
Sources also reveal that she has signed a 3-film deal with the production house who is known to be the powerhouse of talent in the Hindi film industry.
Samantha had earlier done a small cameo in 'Ekk Deewana Tha' which was the Hindi remake of 'Ye Maya Chesave' which starred Samantha herself in the main lead.
Now that she has been ruling the roost in Southern film industries,it remains to be seen how she fares at the National level.
We at Chitramala believe she can do wonders with her stint in Bollywood.


If you are unsure which courses to select call 780-459-4405 ext. 323 to book your 30 minute appointment.
When registering for the first time at Paul Kane High School please also bring a copy of your birth certificate, and your marks from your previous school. Our Counsellors will evaluate the courses you have taken in other provinces or other countries and make sure you get credit for the equivalent courses in Alberta.
If you are unsure about which courses to take in high school please take advantage of our Personalized Registration Service. Appointments can be made by calling Student Services at (780) 459-4405 ext 323.
Students entering grades 11 and 12 should plan their course selections in a way that keeps post-secondary doors open while balancing interests, abilities and graduation requirements. Counsellors, administrators, and teachers will be available to assist students in making appropriate course selections.


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SOURCE: Charleston Post and Courier (SC)
Why one Historian Changed his Mind about the Calhoun Monument
tags: slavery, John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, secession, monuments
by Robert MacDonald
Robert R. MacDonald is director emeritus of Museum of the City of New York and currently lives in Mount Pleasant.
The tide of history has finally caught up with John C. Calhoun.
Charleston Mayor John Tecklenburg and City Council are to be commended for their announcement that they will vote Tuesday to remove this shrine to white supremacy, an ideology that, sadly, is part of America's DNA.
Unfortunately, it took the unjustified killings of George Floyd and Rayshard Brooks by the police to reignite the debate on the role of racism in American history.
Three years ago, in a series of opinion pieces in this newspaper, I argued that the John C. Calhoun monument should not be removed. As a historian, I saw it as an essential educational opportunity.
But to be a viable source of learning, it needed more context. A city commission proposed a plaque full of words. Rightfully, it was rejected as inadequate. In a Dec. 14, 2017, op-ed, I suggested the alternative of placing a new monument dedicated to the victims of white supremacy adjacent to the Calhoun monument to complement Marion Square's nearby Holocaust Memorial, which is dedicated to the victims of another racist ideology.
However, much has changed since then. The continued killing of unarmed black men and women by police and others, the growing inequalities among whites and nonwhites and the raucous return of white supremacists have led to the right decision to remove and relocate the Calhoun statue.
Read entire article at Charleston Post and Courier (SC)


The EIB's financing operations are funded by issuing bonds in international capital markets, underpinned by demand from international institutional investors. As a long-term financing institution, sustainability plays a major role in fundraising activities. In July 2017, we celebrated the tenth anniversary of the launch of the world's first green bond, our ground-breaking EUR 600 million issue. At end-2017, we remained the largest issuer of green bonds worldwide with more than EUR 19.4 billion issued in the format since 2007.
At the EIB, we label our green bonds 'Climate Awareness Bonds' (CABs). Our CAB issues are 'use of proceeds' bonds, and the money raised can only be invested in projects that benefit the environment.
2017 was a special year for us as we celebrated the tenth anniversary of our first CAB, from which the EUR 600 million of proceeds were allocated to 14 projects in six countries over 2007/2008. The issue of the Bank's first CAB was inspired by the Berlin Declaration and the Energy Action Plan adopted by the European Council in 2007. Over the past ten years, we have executed more than 100 green bond transactions supplying more than EUR 19.4 billion across 11 currencies, with maturities of between two and 30 years. In 2017, EUR 4.3 billion was issued in the green format.
Initially, demand for green issues was limited, but the idea of a green fixed-income product gained traction quickly as climate change became a focal issue, and subsequently inspired the development of standardised reporting and governance. In recent years, new participants have steadily entered the market, encouraged by investors in search of a product that addresses climate concerns and at the same time provides returns. The EIB has acted as a market catalyst both through its issuance and by contributing to the development of governance and market standards, creating new opportunities for responsible investors.
To celebrate our ten-year milestone, the EIB partnered with the non-governmental organisation WeForest for the project 'Plant a Tree' designed to help make our world greener. During the second half of 2017, internet users were invited to support the project via the EIB website. For each signature received, six trees will be planted, leading to a total of 20,000 new trees. The trees are expected to be planted in Ethiopia during the plantation season in July and August 2018, as well as throughout the year in India to maximise tree growth in degraded areas.
Over the past decade, the EIB has pursued a best practice strategy. We have ambitious projects of collaboration with other market participants to map various green bond frameworks and identify modalities of alignment in terms of transparency and comparability of green bonds.
Among other things, the EIB is a leading contributor to the Green Bond Principles and chairs its Executive Committee. The four core components of the principles are use of proceeds, setting up a process for project evaluation and selection, the management of proceeds, and reporting. Deliverables from the principles include standardised issuer information forms, the Green Bond Information Template, and an external review form. The EIB also coordinated the development, by a group of 11 international financial institutions, of a harmonised framework for impact reporting on renewable energy and energy efficiency.
In the pursuit of increased transparency, the EIB, together with the Green Finance Committee of the China Society for Finance and Banking, launched a White Paper in November on the occasion of the COP 23 Climate Change Conference in Bonn. The White Paper provides an international comparison of several green bond classifications for the use of proceeds, aiming to enhance the consistency of green finance definitions and standards with a view to facilitating cross-border green capital flows.
CAB proceeds are allocated to projects worldwide. As part of our internal processes we assess the percentage of a project that fits into one of the two sectors of renewable energy or energy efficiency. Only that percentage of the project investment can receive CAB proceeds. Through its regular CAB Newsletter publications the EIB provides use of proceeds reporting, transparently listing allocations to individual projects, as well as impact reporting.
At the end of 2017, CAB funds had been allocated to 67 projects in 31 countries across the world. In that year, 61% of CAB proceeds were allocated to renewable energy projects. Over the same period, 84% of the funds were allocated to projects within the European Union, among them the Norther offshore wind farm. This renewable energy power plant will include 44 wind turbines equipped with approximately 80-metre-long blades off the Belgian coast. The renewably energy generated will supply electricity to around 324,000 Belgian families.
Since 2016, our external auditors KPMG Luxembourg have provided Independent Reasonable Assurance reports for our 'green' activities, the highest level of assurance provided in the segment. Through the independent verification, we are promoting higher standards in the disclosure and reliability of the growing green bond market.
Our annual CAB Statement describes in a comprehensive and detailed manner the EIB's green bond activities as well as the overall framework, including the management of responsibilities, operational criteria, allocation and impact reports. It also includes the Green Bond Principles External Review Form as an appendix.
Furthermore, environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings can be a powerful tool for linking financial with non-financial indicators, thus helping investors to make better informed investment decisions.


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Spread the word, and join it up
Data is the key to taking the world wide web on to the next level, says its inventor Sir Tim Berners-Lee. But how near are we to realising it? SA Mathieson reports
SA Mathieson
Thu 6 Apr 2006 18.52 EDT
Wouldn't it be good if searching online meant instructing software to find and combine data automatically from multiple online databases, rather than supplying some words and getting back a list of web pages?
The system that should revolutionise online searching is the "semantic web", where online data is marked up with indications of its meaning, rather than simply its appearance and links, as currently happens on the world wide web. That would help scientists and students gain easy access to the latest research data, and help websites that "mash up" material from a variety of sources.
Sir Tim Berners-Lee - better known as the inventor of the world wide web - also originated the idea of the semantic web, which he calls "the web of data". But this new brainchild is finding it much harder to take off. In his 1999 book Weaving the Web, Berners-Lee described a two-part dream for its future. The first part, which he described as "a much more powerful means for collaboration between people", has arguably been realised through wikis and blogs. Not so the semantic web, the second part, which he predicted would allow computers to collaborate directly, "leaving humans to provide the inspiration and intuition".
Berners-Lee is still trying to realise this dream: "The web of hypertext everybody knows about; the web of data hasn't really spread worldwide yet. So we're still working on it," he told a lecture last month at Oxford University (webcast at http://tinyurl.com/mxysy; slides at http://tinyurl.com/rol4x). The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which Berners-Lee directs, has been working on it by producing standards to allow the linking of data, including the Resource Description Framework (RDF), a language for information about the meaning of data.
Merging data
"The nice thing about RDF data is you can merge it," said Berners-Lee, who by way of demonstration took a picture of the Oxford audience. "The camera knows when the picture was taken," he said. "However, if I have marked in my calendar the fact that I'm giving a lecture here, and I was smart enough to have some data about the hall that has the GPS coordinates, then if all that data connects, then through the timeline I can join to the event, and from the event I can figure out where I am, therefore I can put geospatial coordinates on this picture.
"Where applications share some of these big mainline things like time and personal identity and geospatial position, they connect together very easily," he added.
Other standards for information - such as a company's component numbering system - would connect far fewer pieces of data, such as a small branch line of a train network, but would still be useful. "We'll end up with a big, mushy set of ontologies" - in this instance, data standards - "which connects so that it's not perfect, but we get the connectivity we want to be able to do really wonderful things," he said.
Few seem to disagree with Berners-Lee's destination, but some question the route he is taking. "I completely believe in the long-term vision of the semantic web - that we're moving towards a web of data, and sophisticated applications that manipulate and navigate that data web," commented Tim O'Reilly, chief executive of O'Reilly Media. "However, I don't believe that the W3C semantic web activity is what's going to take us there.
"It always seemed a bit ironic to me that Berners-Lee, who overthrew many of the most cherished tenets of both hypertext theory and SGML [standardised general mark-up language, a precursor to HTML or hypertext mark-up language] with his 'less is more and worse is better' implementation of ideas from both in the world wide web, has been deeply enmeshed in a theoretical exercise rather than just celebrating the bottom-up activity that will ultimately result in the semantic web."
Berners-Lee did concede that as with the world wide web, the semantic web should "serve useful stuff". "One of the problems we've actually had with the semantic web, I only recently realised, is we haven't been doing that."
Not enough useful RDF data has been left online, he explained: "The whole value-add of the web is serendipitous re-use: when you put it out there for one person, and it gets used by who-knows-who. We want to put data out there for one purpose, then find it gets linked into all kinds of data. And that's been not happening, because we forgot 'serve useful stuff', not to mention 'make useful links'."
Incremental steps
According to O'Reilly, "That's the most hopeful news I've heard in a long time about the semantic web, and I couldn't agree more." He believes getting data online should take precedence over standard-setting: "It's still too early to formalise the mechanisms for the semantic web. We're going to learn by doing, and make small, incremental steps, rather than a great leap forward."
Berners-Lee told his audience in Oxford that the semantic web has already been adopted in drug discovery in life sciences, where solutions represent cures for diseases. "People in these fields are bright and intelligent, they are early adopters, they have quite a lot of money to throw at a problem," he said. "We have an incubator community there."
Dr Tim Hubbard, head of human genome analysis at the Sanger Institute near Cambridge, which as part of its work sequenced a third of the human genome, said that centres such as his place vast amounts of raw data online for others to use. However, this looks likely to create financial problems: "Whereas funding agencies are starting to recognise this is a sensible way to support research output, they are not necessarily supporting the databases," he says.
Sanger has more than 350 of terabytes of disk storage space, with users downloading some 200 gigabytes a week. Those providing the data for the semantic web may find serving it proves expensive.
But what about wider use? Business-focused software firms are getting involved, with Oracle incorporating RDF into some of its database software. Berners-Lee said it has taken time to create the standards, and perhaps "data isn't as interesting as web pages. Data tends to be to do with work, web pages tend to be to do with fun. Web pages are music and poetry, and data is physics analysis and spreadsheets and economics and budgets and stuff. So there's much less, 'woo-hoo! I've got my budget on the semantic web'."
However, people are starting to link data for fun, such as with mashups and big IT companies are taking notice. "The broad idea is becoming a reality, perhaps from a slightly different angle than specifically envisioned by the semantic web," said Mark Quirk, Microsoft UK's head of technology for the developer and platform group in an email. "For example, more and more websites are making their data accessible programmatically, to be used intelligently and mashed up in to composite applications," such as MSN's Virtual Earth.
Threat to standards
But Joe Wilcox, senior analyst at Jupiter Research, warns that the attention from big IT companies could, ironically, threaten W3C's semantic web standards. He recalls Microsoft's "embrace and extend" approach to web standards - first adopting them, then using its heft to create new versions that only worked in its Internet Explorer browser. Microsoft, its rivals or big media companies wanting to keep tight reins on their products may try something similar for the semantic web, he suggests.
"The reality is, if there is a commercial opportunity, someone will try to jump ahead in the direction that benefits their line of business," he says. "The question is not, should the W3C develop the standards. It's whether they will be implemented. That has to do with conflicting interests of certain businesses on the web."
Others are more optimistic. Gartner analyst Rita Knox says that RDF has not been exploited fully, but she thinks it may allow developments in search services, given it enables computers to connect data in different locations. "It has to be an automated process, something which guns around looking for things," she says. "I don't think people will necessarily ever know that they are using this." But they will appreciate better searches.
And the BBC, one of the organisations that led Britain on to the web, is keen to share some of its data. Tom Loosemore, head of strategic innovation, says the corporation will shortly place online the catalogue of its entire surviving programme library - not the 950,000 television and radio programmes themselves, but the names, transmission details, often production credits and in some cases who is interviewed.
This could produce some surprises: Loosemore discovered that his father was interviewed in 1988 on regional news programme Points West. "The BBC librarians have been building this data set for the past 80 years, and they have done a phenomenal job," he says, adding that the richest programme data is for in-house news and current affairs programmes.
"What is interesting is what the audience does with that data," although Loosemore imagines that Doctor Who fans will be early adopters. It will be available through an API (applications programming interface) at BBC Backstage (http://backstage.bbc.co.uk), which allows data to be re-used for non-commercial purposes - a model that Ordnance Survey hopes to follow.
Loosemore is a believer in the semantic web. "The potential benefits are so unbelievably powerful. To go from the web to the semantic web could be as big a leap as to go from nothing to the web itself." For Sir Tim Berners-Lee's blogged instructions on placing yourself on the semantic web: http://tinyurl.com/s67zh.
If you'd like to comment on any aspect of Technology Guardian, send your emails to tech@theguardian.com


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A spectrum of colors adorns this soft and safe stacking toy. This set includes five multi-textured pieces each of which rattle jingle squeak or crinkle plus a color-coded stacking post. All the pieces are constructed of high quality velour and corduroy for durability.


$27.66 $36.00 Save 23% Current price is $27.66, Original price is $36. You Save 23%.
An examination of software practice in Brazil that reveals both the globalization and the localization of software development.
Software development would seem to be a quintessential example of today's Internet-enabled "knowledge work"—a global profession not bound by the constraints of geography. In Coding Places , Yuri Takhteyev looks at the work of software developers who inhabit two contexts: a geographical area—in this case, greater Rio de Janeiro—and a "world of practice," a global system of activities linked by shared meanings and joint practice. The work of the Brazilian developers, Takhteyev discovers, reveals a paradox of the world of software: it is both diffuse and sharply centralized. The world of software revolves around a handful of places—in particular, the San Francisco Bay area—that exercise substantial control over both the material and cultural elements of software production. Takhteyev shows how in this context Brazilian software developers work to find their place in the world of software and to bring its benefits to their city.
Takhteyev's study closely examines Lua, an open source programming language developed in Rio but used in such internationally popular products as World of Warcraft and Angry Birds . He shows that Lua had to be separated from its local origins on the periphery in order to achieve success abroad. The developers, Portuguese speakers, used English in much of their work on Lua. By bringing to light the work that peripheral practitioners must do to give software its seeming universality, Takhteyev offers a revealing perspective on the not-so-flat world of globalization.
Yuri Takhteyev is Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto in the Faculty of Information and the Institute of Communication, Culture, and Information Technology at the University of Toronto. Takhteyev, who grew up in the Soviet Union, worked in Silicon Valley before he went to Brazil to study the software industry there.
By examining software development in the 'wrong place' of Rio de Janeiro, Yuri Takhteyev shows us with vivid accounts and clear narrative how individuals who work far from the geographic hubs of their field create local connections and shape local environments even as they embrace global culture and pursue global dreams for themselves and their locations. The concept of a 'wrong place' proves an immediately beguiling and completely original approach for understanding work in the global setting; Takhteyev's choice of Rio, in particular, is nothing short of brilliant.
Coding Places opens the black box of 'globalization' to show us the pieces involved in that process—people, technical objects, government agencies, universities, businesses—in intimate detail: how they work, what they need to survive, what they furnish to others, the network of their connections, conflicts, and accommodations. We see the whole machine in operation: how the many possible inputs generate a variety of outputs, technically and organizationally. And we learn a way of thinking that we can apply to the arts, science, or business, to any kind of activity with worldwide extension and ramifications. It does all this with a depth of vision and a clarity in telling the story seldom found in the social sciences.
Software development is no longer limited geographically but is expanding to different regions of the world. Yuri Takhteyev has produced an insightful work that provides a critical account of software developers and their role in the global knowledge economy. This is a fascinating story of knowledge workers in a region that has the potential to become the next Silicon Valley.


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We have used a mix of types of poetry to try to capture scenes and moments that evoke the South Jersey Shore as we have known it.
Check wrote more of the longer poems, and Elsberg has contributed the Japanese forms and several short poems. Art is by Wayne Hogan (cover) and Harland Ristau.
A sense of place naturally pervades Check and Elsberg's collection, SOUTH JERSEY SHORE. It's a presence felt from the opening poem by Check, DINER MUSIC, through to the collection's last long poem, from HURRICANE WATCH. Between these parameters, the title SOUTH JERSEY SHORE serves as a metaphor for the range of — predominantly maritime — experiences and events the poems appraise.
A taste of the sea for you all!
"Come see me some lonely winter."
"MY God! Are you KIDDING?" WINTERtime? At the SHORE?"
"sure ... that's what friends are for."
Yes! Here is the ritual of summer carnival!
through its mass of celebrants!
'til "next time . . ."
of finding a whole new world purely by chance.
This is an elegant way to present haiku and tanka, as a kind of collage, each poem written on a similar theme, segueing seamlessly with each other.
Elsberg also writes a contemporary looking tanka of five lines in fewer than 31 syllables, each presenting a recollection of an impression made memorable within a brief span of time. But his interest is more in the mind's response than in creating images of the external cues or prompts.
COLLAGE (2) contains both haiku and a tanka. Again the subject is the beach and the experience of the poet among familiar haunts.
The collection reads well in its parts, as well as the whole, because the poems have complementary properties that are derived from and consistently expressed in the images, location and emotive ideas associated with the sea, the coastal landscape and the characters. SOUTH JERSEY SHORE is rich in regional character, subtle nuances, and language. Affording good company with the poems, the tanka and haiku are crisp and refreshing. As the book is organised, the result is a sustained, reflective montage on the coastline with which these two poets are so familiar. These simple, yet meaningful poems show a deep love for the landscape and for the sand, sea and sun. This is a slim collection of work, and it is to be hoped that both poets will publish larger collections of their work in the future.


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Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models
Paul Martin Mai, Peter Shearer, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Thorne Lay
In this article, we propose standards for documenting and disseminating finite-fault earthquake rupture models, and related data and metadata. A comprehensive documentation of the rupture models, a detailed description of the data processing steps, and facilitating the access to the actual data that went into the earthquake source inversion are required to promote follow-up research and to ensure interoperability, transparency, and reproducibility of the published slip-inversion solutions. We suggest a formatting scheme that describes the kinematic rupture process in an unambiguous way to support subsequent research. We also provide guidelines on how to document the data, metadata, and data processing. The proposed standards and formats represent a first step to establishing best practices for comprehensively documenting input and output of finite-fault earthquake source studies.
10.1785/0220150204
https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/10754/617316/1/712.full.pdf
Dive into the research topics of 'Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
earthquake rupture Earth & Environmental Sciences 100%
earthquakes Physics & Astronomy 95%
metadata Physics & Astronomy 83%
rupture Earth & Environmental Sciences 46%
interoperability Physics & Astronomy 42%
inversions Physics & Astronomy 41%
inversion Earth & Environmental Sciences 36%
documentation Physics & Astronomy 35%
Mai, P. M., Shearer, P., Ampuero, J-P., & Lay, T. (2016). Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models. Seismological Research Letters, 87(3), 712-718. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150204
Mai, Paul Martin ; Shearer, Peter ; Ampuero, Jean-Paul ; Lay, Thorne. / Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models. In: Seismological Research Letters. 2016 ; Vol. 87, No. 3. pp. 712-718.
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title = "Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models",
abstract = "In this article, we propose standards for documenting and disseminating finite-fault earthquake rupture models, and related data and metadata. A comprehensive documentation of the rupture models, a detailed description of the data processing steps, and facilitating the access to the actual data that went into the earthquake source inversion are required to promote follow-up research and to ensure interoperability, transparency, and reproducibility of the published slip-inversion solutions. We suggest a formatting scheme that describes the kinematic rupture process in an unambiguous way to support subsequent research. We also provide guidelines on how to document the data, metadata, and data processing. The proposed standards and formats represent a first step to establishing best practices for comprehensively documenting input and output of finite-fault earthquake source studies.",
author = "Mai, {Paul Martin} and Peter Shearer and Jean-Paul Ampuero and Thorne Lay",
note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Rob Graves (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]) for supporting our efforts by making his standard-rupture-format (.srf) openly available. Comments by M. van Driel, F. Pollitz, R. Okuwaki, Y. Yagi, and O. Zielke helped to refine and clarify the formatting requirements when using the .srf convention for computing synthetic seismograms at teleseismic distances. S. J{\'o}nsson helped to define Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data requirements. We thank the two reviewers, J. Murray and T. Iwata, for their valuable comments and constructive criticism. Their feedback helped to improve not only the manuscript, but also the proposed data and metadata documentation. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC Contribution Number for this article is 2107. The research presented in this article is supported by the Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).",
doi = "10.1785/0220150204",
journal = "Seismological Research Letters",
publisher = "Seismological Society of America",
Mai, PM, Shearer, P, Ampuero, J-P & Lay, T 2016, 'Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models', Seismological Research Letters, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 712-718. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150204
Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models. / Mai, Paul Martin; Shearer, Peter; Ampuero, Jean-Paul; Lay, Thorne.
In: Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 87, No. 3, 06.04.2016, p. 712-718.
T1 - Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models
AU - Mai, Paul Martin
AU - Shearer, Peter
AU - Ampuero, Jean-Paul
AU - Lay, Thorne
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Rob Graves (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]) for supporting our efforts by making his standard-rupture-format (.srf) openly available. Comments by M. van Driel, F. Pollitz, R. Okuwaki, Y. Yagi, and O. Zielke helped to refine and clarify the formatting requirements when using the .srf convention for computing synthetic seismograms at teleseismic distances. S. Jónsson helped to define Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data requirements. We thank the two reviewers, J. Murray and T. Iwata, for their valuable comments and constructive criticism. Their feedback helped to improve not only the manuscript, but also the proposed data and metadata documentation. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC Contribution Number for this article is 2107. The research presented in this article is supported by the Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
N2 - In this article, we propose standards for documenting and disseminating finite-fault earthquake rupture models, and related data and metadata. A comprehensive documentation of the rupture models, a detailed description of the data processing steps, and facilitating the access to the actual data that went into the earthquake source inversion are required to promote follow-up research and to ensure interoperability, transparency, and reproducibility of the published slip-inversion solutions. We suggest a formatting scheme that describes the kinematic rupture process in an unambiguous way to support subsequent research. We also provide guidelines on how to document the data, metadata, and data processing. The proposed standards and formats represent a first step to establishing best practices for comprehensively documenting input and output of finite-fault earthquake source studies.
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Mai PM, Shearer P, Ampuero J-P, Lay T. Standards for Documenting Finite-Fault Earthquake Rupture Models. Seismological Research Letters. 2016 Apr 6;87(3):712-718. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150204


Raised on rock & roll from New England and Virginia, all the way to New Mexico. Cultivated in Cambridge and baptized in bourbon, we are These Wild Plains. Esquire Magazine says of These Wild Plains that "these guys are in the process of cutting a record, and if the 7" and singles put forth by Boston's latest addition to the vintage rock variety offer up a sneak preview to what 2014 has in store for them, we're all ears.
It's not so much a thought as it is an energy. Written around the idea of capturing what it's like to immerse yourself in a fleeting emotion that can happen in a certain moment, Blush (2017), the sophomore album by Minneapolis band Candid Kid, finds the quartet pushing their limits and reveling in who they have become as a band.


text:
About LaserFest
Why Celebrate?
Home About LaserFest Promotional Materials How do Lasers Take the Twinkle out of Starlight?
How do Lasers Take the Twinkle out of Starlight?
Over the past few decades, astronomers around the world have been building large telescopes with "pupils" or apertures of 8 to 10 meters in diameter (Gemini Observatory; European Southern Observatory; W.M. Keck Observatory; Subaru Observatory and the Large Binocular Telescope). Large apertures collect more light from astronomical sources; permitting astronomers to observe fainter objects and enabling measurements to be made of very distant sources (i.e. galaxies and quasars) whose light was emitted when the universe was a fraction of its present age.
Another advantage of large apertures is that it also permits more detail to be seen than with smaller apertures. For example, compare what you can see through a pair of binoculars with what you can see with your naked eye. The binocular lenses are significantly larger than the pupil of your eye so that you can see not only fainter objects but also more detail such as the craters on the surface of the moon. The amount of detail seen is technically known as the angular resolution of the telescope, and depends upon both the size of the aperture and the wavelength of the light being measured.
However, the Earth's atmosphere has a detrimental, two-fold affect on ground-based telescopic images. First, certain wavelengths of light are absorbed by the gases in the atmosphere and second, turbulence in the atmosphere causes images to blur. This means that large ground-based telescopes can see fainter objects that smaller telescopes can't, but the resolution is generally no better than a 0.1-meter aperture telescope. This atmospheric blurring can be easily observed with the naked eye as the twinkling of starlight.
From the lunar surface or from orbit above the Earth's surface, with no blurring atmosphere (for example, the Hubble Space Telescope), stars do not twinkle. Astronomers use a technique known as adaptive optics (AO) to try and achieve full resolution of large ground-based telescopes, despite the pesky muddling of the atmosphere.
The distortion of light by the atmosphere changes on very rapid timescales. In order to correct for this, the AO system needs to measure the distortion of the incoming starlight using an instrument called a wavefront sensor (WFS). The measurements from the WFS are then used to control an optical element called a deformable mirror (DM). The DM surface changes on very rapid timescales, canceling out the atmospheric distortion to a large degree.
However, a lot of interesting astronomical sources are either too faint or too extended to be used for sensing the shape of the wavefront. So a nearby bright star must be used. These stars are known as natural guide stars (NGS). The NGS needs to be very close to the astronomical target, a situation that rarely occurs.
Instead, astronomers create their own artificial laser guide star (LGS), which can be "placed" nearby the target of interest, a technique pioneered by the US Air Force Research Laboratory. There are two ways to generate LGSs. The first is to propagate a laser so that it focuses at a range of 10-15 kilometers from the telescope so that Raleigh scattering in the atmosphere forms an artificial point source. The second approach is to tune a laser to 589 nm and focus it at an altitude of 90-100 kilometers, where a thin layer of sodium atoms deposited by meteors exists.
The energy of the laser light excites electrons of the sodium atoms causing them to jump to a higher energy level. This is a relatively unstable energy level for the electrons and they soon decay back to the ground state and emit photons with the same energy. This resonance scattering process creates a sodium LGS.
Rayleigh LGS at (left) Starfire Optical Range (US Air Force Research Laboratory) and (right) WHT, La Palma, Canary Islands.
Sodium LGS at (top left) Lick Observatory, (top right) Keck Observatory, (bottom left) Gemini Observatory (Gemini North telescope) and (bottom right) the Gemini North and Keck beams both pointing at the Galactic Center.
Further information about adaptive optics can be found at a number of web sites such as the Center for Adaptive Optics (http://cfao.ucolick.org). The Gemini Observatory has an animation illustrating Sodium LGS adaptive optics at http://www.gemini.edu/videos/pio/geminiLGS_v9_animation.mov.
Special thanks to Dr. Julian Christou, Gemini Observatory.


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See menu THE PRESIDIO
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Presidio of San Francisco (December 22, 2008) -- Not quite ready for the Holiday Invasion€"when your family descends upon you en masse? Or maybe you just need to get the in-laws out of the house for a day? The Presidio offers a bounty of holiday fare, all of which is free. Celebrate Christmas Eve with an evening of Christmas carols and worship as the Presidio Interfaith Center hosts its annual Carol Sing and Christmas Mass. The event, which is sponsored by the White Robed Monks of St. Benedict, takes place Wednesday, December 24 at 7 pm at the Presidio's Main Post Chapel. Refreshments will be served after the service. For more information call (415) 422-2836 or visitwww.interfaith-presidio.org. For those interested in going over the river and through the woods, Andy Goldsworthy's dramatic new sculpture Spire has been completed. The last 20 young Monterey Cypress seedlings were planted around the sculpture last Thursday. As the new young trees grow up to meet the sculpture, it will gradually disappear into the forest. Spire is located along the Bay Ridge Trail, near the Arguello Gate, west of the Inspiration Point Overlook. In conjunction with the Spire sculpture is the new Goldsworthy At The Presidio exhibit. It provides visitors the opportunity to learn more about Spire, the artist's working methods, the Presidio forest, and site-based art in general. This free exhibit runs through May 3, 2009 in Building 49 next to the Presidio Officers' Club on the Main Post. (closed Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, New Year's Eve and New Year's Day) The Presidio's own exhibition, War and Dissent: The U.S. in the Philippines 1898-1915, runs Wednesdays to Sundays through February 22, 2009. The free, mixed-media exhibit tells the story of a little-known war that had momentous consequences for both Americans and Filipinos. The exhibit chronicles the growth of the Presidio into a major military installation and the rise of the United States into an imperial power. Its nine themed galleries feature San Francisco monuments, photographs, diaries, letters and political cartoons that trace the full sweep of the conflict. (closed Christmas Day and New Year's Day) For more information about these and other FREE events at the Presidio visithttp://www.presidio.gov/calendar or call the Presidio Events Line at (415) 561-5500. The Presidio Trust was established by the United States Congress in 1996 to oversee the Presidio of San Francisco, an urban national park located at the base of the Golden Gate Bridge. The 1,500-acre site contains expansive open space and spectacular views, a 300-acre historic forest, and rare and endangered plants and wildlife. It also comprises nearly 6 million square feet of buildings, including 469 historic structures that contribute to its status as a National Historic Landmark District."
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Select other Nationals Adon, Joan Antuna, Yasel Armenteros, Rogelio Bacus, Dakota Barrera, Tres Bell, Josh Braymer, Ben Castro, Starlin Clay, Sam Corbin, Patrick Fedde, Erick Finnegan, Kyle Fuentes, Steven García, Luis Gomes, Yan Harper, Ryne Harris, Will Harrison, Josh Hernandez, Yadiel Hudson, Daniel Kieboom, Carter McGowin, Kyle Noll, Jake Rainey, Tanner Robles, Victor Romero, Seth Ross, Joe Scherzer, Max Schwarber, Kyle Soto, Juan Stevenson, Andrew Strasburg, Stephen Suero, Wander Turner, Trea Voth, Austin Nationals Roster
Asdrúbal Cabrera
AVG HR RBI
.242 8 31
Team: Washington Ht / Wt: 6-0 / 205
Position: SS Born: 11/13/1985 Birthplace: Puerto la Cruz, Venezuela
Bats/Throws: S/R Draft: Undrafted by Mariners (2002)
General Batting
Date Opp Result AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI BB K SB CS AVG OBP SLG
7/23 NYY L1-4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 .000 .500 .000
7/25 NYY W9-2 4 2 3 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 .600 .667 1.400
7/27 Tor L1-4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .308 .357 .615
7/29 Tor W0-4 5 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 .227 .261 .500
Jul. Totals 27 2 6 2 1 1 6 1 3 0 0 .222 .250 .481
8/4 NYM W5-3 4 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .258 .281 .516
8/5 NYM L1-3 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .265 .286 .500
8/8 Bal L3-5 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 .270 .308 .486
8/10 @NYM W16-4 4 3 4 2 0 2 5 1 0 0 0 .341 .396 .705
8/11 @NYM W2-1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 .313 .365 .646
8/12 @NYM L6-11 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .288 .339 .596
8/13 @NYM L2-8 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 .273 .333 .564
8/14 @Bal W15-3 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 .276 .338 .603
8/15 @Bal L3-7 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 .258 .319 .565
8/16 @Bal W6-5 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 .258 .324 .545
8/17 @Atl L6-7 4 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 .271 .342 .586
8/18 @Atl W8-5 5 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 .280 .345 .573
8/21 Mia L2-3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .266 .330 .544
8/22 Mia W5-4 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 .268 .330 .537
8/24 Mia L8-11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 .258 .330 .506
8/25 Phi L3-8 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .269 .337 .505
8/28 @Bos W10-2 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .257 .327 .475
8/29 @Bos L3-5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 .252 .339 .466
8/31 @Phi L6-8 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .232 .313 .429
Aug. Totals 85 11 20 3 0 4 12 13 20 0 0 .235 .330 .412
9/1 @Phi L0-6 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .233 .311 .422
9/4 @Atl L1-7 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 .227 .299 .414
9/4 @Atl W10-9 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 .229 .297 .412
9/6 @Atl L3-10 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 .223 .293 .396
9/8 TB W5-3 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 .218 .286 .387
9/10 Atl L6-7 4 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 .226 .295 .404
9/11 Atl W8-7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .224 .293 .401
9/15 @TB L1-6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .228 .296 .411
9/16 @TB W4-2 4 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 .228 .295 .426
9/18 @Mia W5-0 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .229 .294 .428
9/18 @Mia L3-14 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .225 .289 .420
9/19 @Mia L3-7 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 .227 .294 .424
9/20 @Mia W15-0 5 2 3 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 .239 .302 .456
9/21 Phi W5-1 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 .246 .311 .459
9/23 Phi L3-12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .242 .305 .447
Sep. Totals 78 10 20 4 2 3 13 5 17 0 0 .256 .294 .474