text:
TUNIC: Everything You Need to Know
TUNIC is a new player among other Zelda-like adventure games. Here's all you need to know before buying it.
With its isometric view and graphics reminiscent of The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening Remake, you might assume that TUNIC is simply an indie Zelda clone. But in reality, the game has the now unique identity that makes it a perfect choice for certain types of players – but at a cost of wider accessibility.
Everything to Know About TUNIC
TUNIC is a 2.5D action-adventure game built mostly around slow-paced exploration. It is a very atmospheric title, where the art style and environmental storytelling play a key role. This comes at a cost of a strong narrative. However, don't expect to get a better context for what you're doing than "you're a fox stranded on a beach" for the first couple of hours.
The main portion of the game is exploring the semi-open world. Through it, you will be obtaining more and more items to enter previously inaccessible areas. Each new item you'll obtain usually has two roles: helping you avoid obstacles and fight enemies, as well as being a metaphorical "key" to a new location. Of course, this means that a huge portion of the map is not accessible to you from the start. This might annoy some modern open-world fans.
Where TUNIC shines the most is in its approach to combat. Almost every enemy has a health bar and poses some sort of a challenge. You deal with them using the sword (or a stick, early on), shield, and a dodge rollability. Every enemy encounter is tense, thanks to their well-designed attack patterns. And the game, though not terribly hard, isn't afraid to punish you for sloppy fighting.
The game looks gorgeous, using the lighting and its color palette to create very pleasing imagery. The graphics serve the atmosphere very well, and some design choices are particularly fascinating. For example, most of the text in the game is presented in an unknown language, with only some text pieces including random, English words. This makes the entire experience very ambiguous, but It also means you're not given clear instructions on what to do.
That's everything you need to know before buying TUNIC. Hopefully, you now know whether or not the game will match your tastes, as it is a very unique experience.
ALSO READ: Super People: Armory and Crafting Explained
Related Topics:Tunic
Hogwarts Legacy: How Good Is The Character Creation?
Celebrity is as celebrity does.
Alexis Ongsansoy
Hogwarts Legacy is just around the corner, and if you're one of those people who always expected an owl to crash into your bedroom to give you a letter of invitation to the school of Witchcraft and Wizardry then congratulations, you're still a child at heart. One of the many things that muggle-borns are keeping a close eye on is the character creation as this always has been a huge selling point for gamers who wish to see themselves in the game their playing. No argument needed there as it simply adds to the immersion. We'll see just how good the character creation is by giving it a good wangle!
How Good Is The Character Creation In Hogwarts Legacy?
As the game is still said to be a "work in progress" not everything is set in stone just yet. There's plenty of options to go through however so let's see if you can either look like a Korean pop idol of some sort or a child that looks like a melting candle.
So the first thing you will notice once you go to the character creation screen is the plethora of Presets offered to you. This is a good start for players who just want to dive right in and explore the second-floor girls' lavatory.
Once you have chosen your base look you will be taken to the Facewear section where you can choose your facial structure from a set of fifteen portraits. Some players may prefer having sliders when it comes to specific parts of their custom character's face as they really have every intention to see a carbon copy of themselves in-game.
When you're satisfied with the shape that you chose you can also go and specify a skin color and some glasses for your character. Hogwarts is known to have a rather diverse community of students so go be yourself and choose which suits you the best!
Moving on to Hairstyles you have two customization choices, your hair color, and the actual style of well, your hair! There can only be so many options for hair in any game as it's quite difficult to build this from scratch compared to sculpting the bridge of your nose or adjusting the height of your temple.
Hair can be quite a delicate part of customization, especially when not all options are available to you. Nevertheless, you still have enough choices here to either look like Anton Chigur or The Daywalker. Props to you if you got any of that!
Next is the Complexion tab, you have the option to give yourself a slight blush if or some freckles and moles if you have any. We weren't kidding earlier either when we said that you can look like you aged prematurely. That's what the scars and markings are for! At the end of the day it's all about getting your features down to a T!
On the following tab we have Eyebrows. Most options that we went through gave us the impression that everyone back in the 19th century had time to shave, and that's a good thing! You can tell a lot from a person's eyebrows after all. Just don't get caught looking!
After choosing the shape that fits your fancy you can go and apply any color to it, most likely you will choose the same color you chose for your hair but hey, it's your choice that matters here so go crazy! The same goes for your eyes as well.
For the final touch, you have four more options. You have two choices for your character's voice which should've had more in our opinion. You can also change the pitch of that voice to resemble yours. Lastly you have your difficulty selection which is pretty straightforward, you also have your character name and which dormitory you want to be sent to.
The character creation in our opinion is good enough where it stands. It's not great but it's definitely not bad either. Having the option to choose a preset or create your own character completely from scratch (sliders and all) is a recent concept that players have been searching for a lot lately and it's much appreciated that Avalanche Software gave that to us.
While others are happy with the choices they've been given, we can still see some possible complaints that will go after the Facewear section as limiting your features to only fifteen options is a very daring move given that there's a chance that a player out there might not get the look they're after.
It all just goes back to the sliders since this gives the player a more precise selection when it comes to making adjustments to their looks, plus there weren't too many options for body-type either. It's not a long list of shortcomings but you will have to take these into consideration if you're the kind of gamer who spends more than an hour in the customization screen. We're still looking forward to the game however so don't let any of that bring you down. Thank you, and see you in the world of magic!
ALSO READ: Hogwarts Legacy: All The Magical Creatures and Fantastic Beasts In the Game


text:
Home Science & Tech
Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR)
in Science & Tech
Recently, the Union Home Minister inaugurated a mobile COVID-19 RT-PCR Lab ICMR in New Delhi, jointly developed by Spice Health and the ICMR .
About ICMR
It is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research, is one of the oldest medical research bodies in the world.
In 1911, the Government of India set up the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA) with the specific objective of sponsoring and coordinating medical research in the country.
After independence, several important changes were made in the organisation and the activities of the IRFA.
It was redesignated the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 1949, considerably expanding the scope of functions (with Dr. C.G. Pandit as its first Director).
First meeting of the Governing Body of the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA) was held on November 15, 1911 (at the Plague Laboratory, Bombay, under the Chairmanship of Sir Harcourt Butler).
The Governing Body of the Council is presided over by the Union Health Minister. It is assisted in scientific and technical matters by a Scientific Advisory Board comprising eminent experts in different biomedical disciplines.
Funding: The ICMR is funded by the Government of India through the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
The Council promotes biomedical research in the country through intramural as well as extramural research.
Role of ICMR in research
The Council's research priorities coincide with the National health priorities such as control and management of communicable diseases, fertility control, maternal and child health, control of nutritional disorders, developing alternative strategies for health care delivery, containment within safety limits of environmental and occupational health problems; research on major non-communicable diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, blindness, diabetes and other metabolic and haematological disorders; mental health research and drug research (including traditional remedies). All these efforts are undertaken with a view to reduce the total burden of disease and to promote health and well-being of the population.
Source: PIB & ICMR
Tejas 1A
National Innovation Foundation
Vigyan Jyoti and Engage with Science (Vigyan Prasar)
Medical Model of Disability Vs Social Model of Disability
Spintronics and 2D Electron gas
Artemis Accord
Chang e 5
ABHYAS High Speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT)
Metrolite and Metro Neo
Technology Transfer Policy of ISRO

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A well-built porch or deck can add beauty, function, and value to your home. Not only does it enhance the look of any home's exterior, but a wood porch or deck also makes it possible to enjoy the outdoors in comfort and style. If you're looking to build or replace a wood deck or porch in Schenectady, NY, Leak Proof Roofing & Construction LLC can help.
At Leak Proof Roofing & Construction LLC, we do porches right. Our team is made up of highly skilled, experienced craftsmen. We pride ourselves on superior workmanship, which starts with using only the highest quality materials and ends with ensuring that no detail is overlooked. No matter how big or how small the project, you can count on us to handle it with total skill and professionalism.
When it comes to porch construction or repair in Schenectady, NY, you deserve the best. Call Leak Proof Roofing & Construction LLC now to request an estimate for your project.


text:
A Celebration of 450 years!
Everyone on the First Coast knows that this is the year St. Augustine is celebrating its 450th year anniversary, even the King of Spain is attending the celebrations. Few people know that the oldest Classical Dressage school, the Spanische Hofreitschule in Vienna, Austria, is celebrating its 450th year as well.
Many celebrations and ceremonies are taking place in Vienna and all over the globe. How appropriate First Coast Classical Dressage has been founded this historic year and will now begin to promote hundreds of years of knowledge to our Members!
"It can often take anything up to 8 to 10 years or more for an apprentice to become a rider. Correct posture in the saddle is the basis and starting point of all equestrian skills. It requires a lifetimes practice."
"The Spanish Riding School is the only and the last institution which fosters Classical Dressage in its purest form.
"There can be true understanding between humans and horses. If we're prepared to bring tolerance and friendship to our perception of the way a horse thinks and feels and to enlist it as mans partner without depriving it of its inner most nature. This is the message of the Majestic white horses, the Lipizzaner, of the Spanish Riding School ."
"The of goal of dressage: to create a work of art through the unison of horse and rider in movement. Lavishly poetic, yet contained, within the stringent Baroque precepts of decorative figures performed with unswerving precision."
Watch a short video on the history of the Spanische Hofreitschule :
Have a little more time? Watch an hour documentary presented by Nature in 2015
Please feel free to post comments with dignity and respect.


text:
Gary Numan Could Have Sold So Much 7-Up
Tiffany July 15, 2015
Gary Numan's soda-peddling career went stale before it even had a chance to grace the world.
It has come to our attention that '80s New Wave king Gary Numan and lemon-lime soda 7-Up were slated to partner until the sugar-water company let the deal fizzle out.
Back in 1982, Numan was offered £10,000 (around $15,000) to pen three incredibly catchy jingles for the UK branch of 7-Up, according to Night Flight. He was on his way to the meeting in the States from Cannes when his Numanair plane ran out of fuel and made an emergency landing in Hampshire. The soda jerk execs felt personally offended when their meeting went sans Numan and called the deal off, although the landing was the biggest news headline of the day.
7-Up could've had the most radical tune in the soda biz, but perhaps the world just wasn't ready for it. The first few notes of one unreleased track are reminiscent of the opening theme song of Netflix's Bojack Horseman, which was written by one half of the Black Keys.
We're not sure if walking into a room with 7-Up will up your style, as the jingle suggests, but we know this will be stuck in our heads for the rest of the week. Check it out for yourself below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7kI5q0q_Co
Pepsi Attempts To Get High Tech With Self-Driving ...
This Commercial Is For Hardcore Instant Ramen Fans...
Heinz Will Talk You Down From Your Ketchup Addicti...
Did You Blink And Miss Geico's RaccookinR...
Australian Lamb's Latest Ad Is Worse Than La...
Burger King's Anti-Bullying Ad Enrages Mostl...


Dual USB Output, Two- way Quick Charge.
Compatible with 5V/2A, 9V/ 2A and 12V/1.5A charging, Mi Power Bank 2 intelligently adjusts power output up to 18W to deliver fast and efficient charging for each connected device.
Material: Aluminium Alloy + CNC Edge.
Lithium Polymer Battery makes it more durable and optimises charging efficiency.
Mi A1: 2.2 Full Charge and iPhone 7 : 3.5 Full Charge.


I Wish TushMate Newborn AIO Cloth Diapers Were Around 3+ Years Ago!
I received this diaper at no cost. I was not otherwise compensated for this post and all opinions are my own. When I attended the ABC Expo this fall I got a peek at both their Globe print and their newborn AIO. I took both home to photograph and even though I don't have a tiny baby anymore, I am really impressed with the newborn diaper.
The diapers are available in orange, yellow, blue or chocolate, all with hook & loop closures.
The rise snaps down to fit approximately 5-14 pounds, which I think is a huge advantage for a newborn diaper. It has the same super soft, sticky H&L that the o/s diapers have, which will be ultra gentle on little tummies.
The AIO gives the best of both worlds with a semi-attached, natural fiber soaker, and a stay-dry liner that snaps closed over the folded in soaker. This means you get the absorbency of hemp/cotton with the moisture wicking of fleece, wrapped up in an easy to clean, quick to dry package. Bonus: the liner is elasticized for extra blowout protection.
If you need a boost of absorbency, the diaper includes a microfiber doubler. Just tuck it under the soaker and snap closed. The stay dry flap will keep it in place.
Shop TushMate (free shipping on orders of $25+) or ask your favorite retailer to inquire about opening a wholesale account!
Have you tried TushMate? Would you like to use these on a newborn?


Bread making is on the rise amongst amateur British bakers, with sales of bakeware products increasing by over two-thirds since the start of 2015.
As the nation gets their rolling pins out for Real Bread Maker Week (9 to 15 May), which aims to encourage people to get baking, latest statistics show more than a 60 per cent rise in the sale of all baking products, including electricals, compared to this time last year.
According to Designer Habitat – the kitchen and homewares product specialist – sales of non-electrical bakeware products have also increased by over 80 per cent since the start of the first quarter of 2015.
The surge in transactions of all bakeware products has resulted in over a 40 per cent increase in the volume of sales year-on-year across the company's VonShef range – a collection of products suitable for the kitchen. This has led to a strong focus now being placed on premium new product development.
The VonShef range, including the innovative and exclusive premium breadmaker, is sold online and via multiple major retailers. It contains a vast selection of home baking goods, from top of the line stand mixers to three-in-one hand blenders.
The company sources and supplies functional, practical and innovative products under its two main brands – VonHaus and VonShef – both of which are developed in-house at its head office in Manchester.
For further information about Designer Habitat or VonShef, visit www.designerhabitat.co.uk or www.vonshef.co.uk.


It's that time of year again where the dogs and cats are shedding and getting ready for their winter coats. This also means that it's the time of year where you now have some extra cleaning, plus making sure that you are not taking half of your pet with you when you head out the door. The solution to this problem is the iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover.
The iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover is a lint roller that has been specifically designed not only for gathering up all that unwanted pet hair on your clothing and furniture but lint as well. It is a double wide size so a lot less work in using it.
The promoters of iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover say that it has the same power as glue. While the main roller is double in size it also comes with a travel size so you may want to keep the smaller one in your car or purse.
The hype around the iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover really should be about it's size. Most traditional lint removers are small in size so you have to work a lot more to get the job done.
The cost of the iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover is $14.99.
It isn't going to take any special commitment to use the iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover because you have that task to do anyway. What you will have to do though is clean the unit once it becomes laden with hair and lint. What is great about this unit is all you have to do is wash it with warm water to remove the debris then once its dry it sticky again and ready to use.
There are a lot of good things about the iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover. First, as said the size is really good. It doesn't take forever to remove the lint and hair like it does with the traditional sizes. But what is even more impressive is that all you need to do to wash it to make it reusable again. There is no peeling of sticky paper or the hassle of having to buy refills. Not only is the product impressive it's a money saver.
We are prepared to give the iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover a thumbs up. It is effective at what it is supposed to do. Its reasonably price and its definitely a money saver. It is a product that has been on the market for awhile so it has a decent rating at Amazon. It has a four star rating out of 511 reviews which is pretty good for a product like this.
We have recognized that lint and pet hair on clothing and furniture can be a big problem, so in the past we talked about the Fuzz Secret so you may want to compare this iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover with that one.
What do you think? Does iLifeTech Reusable Lint Roller and Pet Hair Remover work or not?
Does the Robo Twist Jar Opener Really Work?


text:
stern kaufen test
[citation needed]. [51][52], Richard Tol, an environmental economist at the Economic and Social Research Institute, is highly critical of the Stern Review, and has said that "If a student of mine were to hand in this report [the Stern Review] as a Masters thesis, perhaps if I were in a good mood I would give him a 'D' for diligence; but more likely I would give him an 'F' for fail (Cox and Vadon, 2007). Tol has referred to the Stern Review as "populist science. [35], One of the issues debated among economists was the discount rate used in the Review. The report discusses the effect of global warming on the world economy. So erklärt sich auch, warum 99,4 % Rendite Fake News sind. And if you think warming will only cost the global economy 2% of GDP every year, [...] then Stern's investment advice is [sheer] lunacy. The Stern Review has received various critical responses. The Stern Review is much stronger on the former than the latter, and leaves a lot of questions unanswered on implementation, particularly the downstream practicalities of bringing avoided deforestation into climate mitigation efforts. According to Stern, the tax will not necessarily be the same as the social cost of carbon due to distortions and uncertainties in the economy (p. 121). [78] Dasgupta (2008) also points out most model do not consider natural capital. Other comments by Stern included what he viewed as confusion over what he had suggested as a possible level for a carbon tax. Nordhaus has been very critical of the Ramsey zero pure time preference on the basis of utilitarian ethical stance. Environmental Ethics 15(2): 117–132. Learn the translation for 'Stern' in LEO's English ⇔ German dictionary. The Stern Review's main conclusion is that the benefits of strong, early action on climate change far outweigh the costs of not acting. Consequently, the assumptions made dominate the results and with a low discount rate the social cost of carbon is also arbitrary. 138–139). [68] Yohe stated that the two different measures are "not really at all comparable." 3: Discounting, Uncertainty, and Climate Change", Full text of the Stern Review, from HM Treasury, Full text of the Stern Review, archived on Wayback Machine, The Economics of Climate Change – The Stern Review, Economist.zoom: How to value a grandchild, 4 Dec 2006, Gail Whiteman's findings of economic costs of arctic methane release added to the Stern review, Felix Ekardt, The Limits to Climate Economics, 2010, Grantham Research Institute profile page of Nicholas Stern, Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, The RIBA Trust Annual Lecture: Lord Stern (part of the International Dialogues: Architecture and Climate Change talks series), The Economics of Climate Change: Risk, Ethics, and a Global Deal, Climate Change: The Economics of and Prospects for a Global Deal, Chrysler Boss says Stern Report is based on dubious economics, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stern_Review&oldid=984420518, Climate change assessment and attribution, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. ", "Background to Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change", "Walker Institute contribution to the Stern Review", "Stern message maps out way forward on climate change, says F&C", http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,20682039-421,00.html, "Comments on the Stern Review by leading economists", "Report on Reports – The Stern Review: Implications for Climate Change", "The challenge of putting Stern's prescriptions into practice", "The Economics and Politics of Climate Change: An Appeal to Reason", "House of Commons Treasury Select Committee. Varian also questioned whether or not it was ethical for the current generation to transfer wealth to future generations (via investment in mitigation), who, given Stern's assumptions, would be much wealthier than we presently are. To measure the benefit of Stern's mitigation target, the residual climate damages from mitigation would need to be subtracted from Stern's business-as-usual climate damages. Herrnhuter Stern Led Batterie Preise vergleichen. Dasgupta, P., 2008. Despite using many good references, the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change is selective and its conclusion flawed. [10] Robert Mendelsohn of Yale University is a critic of the Review and has said:[49]. Barker was critical of how some economists have applied cost-benefit analysis to climate change:[62], [...] the Stern Review considers cost-benefit analysis as a marginal analysis inappropriately applied to a non-marginal multi-disciplinary systemic problem (p. 50). Sachs was supportive of Stern's cost estimates of climate change mitigation. Climate change may initially have small positive effects for a few developed countries, but it is likely to be very damaging for the much higher temperature increases expected by mid-to-late century under BAU scenarios. Reason magazine's science correspondent Ronald Bailey describes the "destructive character" of the Stern Review's policy proposals, saying that "Surely it is reasonable to argue that if one wants to help future generations deal with climate change, the best policies would be those that encouraged economic growth. According to Dietz (2008, pp. A talk given by Dimitri Zenghelis at the Tyndall Centre looked at criticisms of the Review and presented an overview of its main findings. Significant portions of climate damages would therefore still persist with Stern's mitigation target. {{ p.priceRange.minVariantPrice.amount | money }}. (2006) describes the Review as "deeply flawed". Robert Mendelsohn was critical of the way the Stern justified his suggested mitigation policy in the Review. In other words, accounting for risk means a greater weight is applied to worst case outcomes, as per the insurance market. Gary Yohe of Wesleyan University noted that Stern's estimates of business-as-usual climate damages were given in terms of per capita consumption equivalents, but Stern's costs of mitigation were given in terms of a percentage reduction in gross world product. [86] In an official letter (2008), Joan Ruddock MP of the UK Government, dismisses the criticisms of the Review made by several economists, which, in her view, show "a fundamental misunderstanding of the role of formal, highly aggregated economic modelling in evaluating a policy issue". Herzlich Willkommen, im Ninja stern kaufen Test* oder Vergleich ( Testberichte) der Top Bestseller im November 2020.Unsere Bestseller sind die Produkte, welche sich gegen ähnliche Modelle behaupten konnten, oft von anderen gekauft und für gut bzw. It is not particularly unusual. Climate change threatens the basic elements of life for people around the world – access to water, food production, health, and use of land and the environment. Although not the first economic report on climate change, it is significant as the largest and most widely known and discussed report of its kind. [36] Discounting was used by Stern in his calculation of the possible economic damages of future climate change. Ecological Economics 4: 1–10. [57] However, Weitzman also commented that: [...] in my opinion, Stern deserves a measure of discredit for giving readers an authoritative-looking impression that seemingly objective best-available-practice professional economic analysis robustly supports its conclusions, instead of more openly disclosing the full extent to which the Review's radical policy recommendations depend upon controversial extreme assumptions and unconventional discount rates that most mainstream economists would consider much too low, According to a paper Yohe and Tol (2007), the Stern Review is "right for the wrong reasons."[58]. Residual climate change damages (at the margin) were also calculated for other emissions pathways, especially one peaking at 450 ppm CO2e GHG concentration. Spash, C. L. (2007) Fallacies of economic growth in addressing environmental losses: Human induced climatic change. The benefits of strong, early action on climate change outweigh the costs. The test represents driving in congested city traffic, including idling periods and frequently alternating acceleration and deceleration. This, however, would still lead to global warming (as per the Review's 550 ppm CO2e mitigation target) of around 1.5 to 4.5 °C above pre-industrial temperatures. With noun/verb tables for the different cases and tenses links to audio pronunciation and … In: Climate change and the Stern Review: the implications for Treasury policy. [26] In 2008, Lawson gave evidence before the House of Commons Treasury Select committee, criticising the Review. [47] Whilst critical of Stern's discounting, Martin Weitzman has argued that standard discounting procedures are inherently incapable of dealing with extreme, low-probability events, such as the risk of catastrophic climate change. Keiner kann Kursentwicklungen derart präzise prognostizieren. The higher rates preferred by Stern's critics are closer to the weighted average cost of capital for private investment; see the extensive review by Frederick et al. Stern commented that the arguments for his recommended stabilisation range were included in Chapter 13 of the Review (pp. Marginal climate change damages were calculated for a "business-as-usual" greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions pathway. In an article in the Daily Telegraph (2006), Ruth Lea, Director of the Centre for Policy Studies, questions the scientific consensus on climate change on which the Stern Review is based. Stern: [...] We are in pretty good company here in that [the distinguished economists] Solow, Sen, Keynes, Ramsey and all kinds of people have adopted the approach to pure time discounting that we have adopted. Cline noted that the Review's large cost-benefit ratio for mitigation policy allows room for these long-term costs to be reduced substantially but still support aggressive action to reduce emissions. [79] Although recent studies on ecosystem services have made gains in monetising the value of ecosystems, more recent studies on ecosystem services [80] suggest the Stern Review underestimates the need for mitigation action as it is difficult for models to quantify the collapse of ecosystem services under climate change. Helm justified this on the grounds that future damages to the environment would probably not be fully compensated for by increases in man-made capital. Radical ideas are needed not only at the level of understandings but also of forward strategies. 10–11), Varian's analysis had apparently confused the PTP-rate with the social discount rate. Spash, C. L. (1994) Double CO2 and beyond: Benefits, costs and compensation. Partha Dasgupta has criticised the Stern Review for parametric choices that, he argues, are inadequately sensitive to inequality. [90], Stern report misused climate change study, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Adapted from a portion of Figure 1 in Tol and Yohe (2006) "A Review of the Stern Review". A carbon price imposes a wedge between the supply price received by producers and demand price paid by consumers thereby prompting substitution away from carbon intensive activities. Stern did not accept Mendelsohn's argument that the Review presented a choice of policy versus no policy. Yohe commented on how the Review gives the impression that all climate damages can be avoided through the investment of 1% of world GDP in mitigation. [18] The Prince of Wales' Corporate Leaders Group on Climate Change, formed by 14 of UK's leading companies shared this hope. Dietz et al, 2007. Es gibt viele gute Gründe, einen Test auf eine akute COVID-19-Infektion durchzuführen! [77] For example, it would be difficult to quantify the loss of coral reefs, biodiversity loss, or species extinction. Effect of global warming on the world economy, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, effect of global warming on the world economy, Economics of climate change mitigation § Discount rates, "Stern Review on The Economics of Climate Change (pre-publication edition). "[19], Prof. Bill McGuire of Benfield UCL Hazard Research Centre said that Stern may have greatly underestimated the effects of global warming. Mit einer Sterntaufe können sie einen echten Stern kaufen und taufen. [23], Yohe and Tol (2007) described Lea's article as a climate sceptics 'scattershot approach' aiming to confuse the public by questioning the causal role of CO2, by emphasising the complexity of making economic predictions and by attributing a motive for Stern's conclusions. Dasgupta (2006, p. 1) described the Review as "a long and impressive document," but felt that the authors had treated the issue of intergenerational equity (via the social discount rate) "cavalierly". Spash, C. L. (2007) The economics of climate change impacts à la Stern: Novel and nuanced or rhetorically restricted?' Ecological Economics 63(4): 706–713. Emissions have been, and continue to be, driven by economic growth; yet stabilisation of, 'Central estimates of the annual costs of achieving stabilisation between 500 and 550ppm. Ecological Economics 10(1): 27–36. Stern believes that 5–6 degrees of temperature increase is "a real possibility. ", Nobel prize winner Kenneth Arrow has commented on the Stern Review in the Economist's Voice (Arrow, 2007a)[66] and for Project Syndicate (Arrow, 2007b):[67]. Stern accepts the case for discounting, but argues that applying a PTP-rate of anything much more than zero to social policy choice is ethically inappropriate. These cookies do not store any personal information. Writing in the New York Times newspaper, Varian commented "Sir Partha's stripped-down model leaves out uncertainty, technological change and population growth, but even so, such a high savings rate is totally implausible." From the perspective of future generations, it is in their interest that all investments earn the same rate of return. The calculation by Dasgupta was based on a model which had a deterministic economy, constant population, and no technological change. 135–137).[47]. Sachs and Stiglitz have also written favourable articles on the Review. Accounting for risk in the stochastic framework, however, means the expected mean or certainty equivalent discount rate will be below the discount rate for the mean expected outcome (Dietz, 2008, p. [24], Miles Templeman, Director-General of the Institute of Directors, said: "Without countries like the US, China or India, making decisive commitments, UK competitiveness will undoubtedly suffer if we act alone. "[16] Tom Delay of The Carbon Trust said "The Review offers a huge business opportunity. In addition the policy recommendation of carbon trading is seen as deeply flawed for also failing to take account of social, ecological and economic reality.[83]. Spash, C. L. (2007) Understanding climate change: Need for new economic thought. They posit that the basis for such high targets is 'economics, pure and simple' (p. 155), that is, stronger emissions cuts were seen by the Stern Review authors as "prohibitive, destabilizing capitalism itself" (p. 155). This insures that the substitution effect offsets the income effect. This would endow future generations with the wealth and superior technologies that could be used to handle whatever comes at them including climate change. [43] Previous studies by Nordhaus and others have adopted PTP-rates of up to 3 per cent, implying that (other things being equal) an environmental cost or benefit occurring 25 years in the future is worth about half as much as the same benefit today. Including a wider range of risks and impacts could increase this to 20% of GDP or more, also indefinitely. Get the inside scoop of what's happening in the pinball community. His suggested tax rate was in the range of 25 to 30 dollars per ton of carbon. [70][73][74][75] Stern as an orthodox economist squeezes all matters and concepts into a narrow mathematical formalism which heterodox economists, such as Tony Lawson, point out fails to address economic and social reality.[76]. Mit einer Sterntaufe schenken Sie etwas ganz besonderes und machen einem Menschen ein unvergessliches Geschenk, an das er sich immer zurück erinnern wird. Several academic economists are also quoted praising the Review (see Response of economists). According to Arrow, Stern's recommended stabilisation target passes a cost-benefit test even when considerably higher PTP-rate (up to around 8%) than Stern's (0.1%) is used. The fundamental impracticality of the program, of course, lies in its utterly destructive character. [10] Quiggin says that there is no generally accepted theory accounting for the observed magnitude of the equity premium and hence no easy way of determining which approach, if either, should be regarded as the appropriate market comparator. [30], Jerry Taylor of the Cato Institute, a United States libertarian think-tank, criticised Stern's conclusion, taking a calculation by himself:[31]. Diverse Herrnhuter Stern Led Batterie Test und Vergleichsseiten im Internet bieten ausführliche Herrnhuter Stern Led Batterie Tests an, die insgesamt eine gute Einschätzung zum Produkt geben können. She says that "authorities on climate science say that the climate system is far too complex for modest reductions in one of the thousands of factors involved in climate change (i.e., carbon emissions) to have a predictable effect in magnitude, or even direction." [21] The UK Treasury, which commissioned the report, simultaneously published a document of favourable comments on the Review. Several economists have been critical of the Review,[6][7] for example, a paper by Byatt et al. Some of the effects are coming through more quickly than we thought then" in the 2006 Review. Durch die Auflistung kannst Du die Ninja stern kaufen November 2020 Bestseller miteinander vergleichen. Both supporters and opponents of Stern's discount rate have used comparisons with market rates of return on capital to justify their position. Professor Paul Ekins, Head of Environment Group, Policy Studies Institute. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. (2002)[50] According to Quiggin, the difference between the two is determined by the equity premium. Hope designed the PAGE2002 integrated assessment model that was used in the Review. [49] Weyant wrote that his own high short-run cost projection for stabilisation, of possibly 10% GDP, resulted "primarily from institutional pessimism rather than technological pessimism. [15] Papers were published and presentations held, that outlined the approach in the months preceding the release. London, Routledge. The ethical justification for intentionally overspending on selective projects with low rates of return is weak indeed [9] Cline wrote a book on global warming, published in 1992, where he made similar ethical choices to Stern for discounting. Adaptation policy is crucial for dealing with the unavoidable impacts of climate change, but it has been under-emphasised in many countries. However, I believe that Stern's fundamental conclusion is justified: we are much better off reducing CO2 emissions substantially than risking the consequences of failing to act, even if, unlike Stern, one heavily discounts uncertainty and the future. He argued this point by calculating a saving rate of 97.5% based on the Review's values for the PTP-rate and elasticity of marginal utility. Thus we are forced to look a long way ahead. He overestimates through cherry-picking, he double counts particularly the risks and he underestimates what development and adaptation will do to impacts." [16] Simon Retallack of the UK think tank IPPR said "This [Review] removes the last refuge of the "do-nothing" approach on climate change, particularly in the US. [12], On 19 July 2005 the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown announced that he had asked Sir Nicholas Stern to lead a major review of the economics of climate change, to understand more comprehensively the nature of the economic challenges and how they can be met, in the UK and globally. [3] The Review points to the potential impacts of climate change on water resources, food production, health, and the environment[clarification needed]. John Bellamy Foster, Brett Clark and Richard York in "the Ecological Rift" (2010)[34] give considerable attention to the Stern Review, noting that the targets of 550 ppm imply a global temperature increase of at least 3 °C "well beyond what climate science consider dangerous, and which would bring the earth's average global temperature to a height last seen in the middle Pliocene around 3 million years ago" (p. 154). Ecological economists accept the need for serious action but reject the reasoning of economic commensuration of costs and benefits, the probabilistic approach to uncertainty and the application of a utilitarian intergenerational calculus. Lea goes on to describe the problem of drawing conclusions from combining scientific and economic models as "monumentally complex", and doubts whether the international co-operation on climate change, as argued for in the Review, is really possible. He takes a strictly market based view of intergenerational projects arguing that the social rate of time preference reflects the rate of return observed in the marketplace. The Review informs but does not answer these fundamental questions. They support the discount factors used in the Stern analysis, particularly the view that discounting should reflect only the probability that the world will end at a given future date, and not the "impatience" of an infinitely lived representative consumer. According to Mendelsohn, the Stern Review is far too optimistic about mitigation costs, stating that "[one] of the depressing things about the greenhouse gas problem is that the cost of eliminating it is quite high. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The scientific content of the Review was reviewed by experts from the Walker Institute. Reply to Question 2. Mendelsohn said that rather than finding an optimal policy, the Review presented a choice of policy versus no-policy. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. HM Treasury have issued a document where several economists are quoted praising the Stern Review, including[22]Robert Solow, James Mirrlees, Amartya Sen, Joseph Stiglitz, and Jeffrey Sachs. The discount rate chosen by Stern is close to the real interest rate for government bonds. Jettison either one and you will have a much reduced programme for action—and if you judge risks to be small and attach little significance to future generations you will not regard global warming as a problem. The planet and the atmosphere seem to be absorbing less carbon than we expected, and emissions are rising pretty strongly. [39] His view is supported by a number of economists, including Geoffrey Heal,[40] Thomas Sterner,[38]William Cline,[41] and Brad DeLong. Stern Pinball, Inc. is a global lifestyle brand based on the iconic and outrageously fun modern American game of pinball. [44], In an appearance before the House of Commons Treasury Select Committee (2008), Stern was asked about the discount rate used in the Review:[45]. At a seminar held in 2006, Cambridge economist Partha Dasgupta commented on the Stern Review. In 2007, a symposium was held at Yale University on the Stern Review, with talks by several economists, including Nordhaus and Stern (Yale Symposium, 2007). Sie möchten Familienangehörige wiedersehen, ohne sie zu gefährden. 6–7) accepted the Review's argument for a PTP-rate of 0.1%, but did not accept Stern's choice of 1 for the elasticity of marginal utility. "[53] In a paper published in 2008, Tol showed that the Stern Review's estimate of the social cost of carbon (SCC) along a "business-as-usual" emissions pathway was an outlier in the economics literature.[54]. DeLong, echoing Frank Ramsey and Tjalling Koopmans, wrote "My view—which I admit may well be wrong—of this knotty problem is that we are impatient in the sense of valuing the present and near-future much more than we value the distant future, but that we shouldn't do so." Ecological Economics 10(3): 197–207. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The Review's unambiguous conclusions about the need for extreme immediate action will not survive the substitution of assumptions that are more consistent with today's marketplace real interest rates and savings rates. Hope explained what would happen to the Stern Review's damage estimates if they were made using different assumptions, for example, a higher discount rate. Dasgupta argues that there is some confusion in the Stern review about the underlying rationale for the selection of the Ramsey parameters. [5], In an interview at the 2013 World Economic Forum, Stern said "Looking back, I underestimated the risks. Arrow acknowledged that his argument depended on Stern's stabilisation central cost estimate being correct. [37], There are four main reasons commonly proposed by economists for placing a lower value on consumption occurring in the future rather than in the present:[10]. Debate over the Stern Review initially focused on the first of these points. [82] Besides perpetuating myths, this diverts attention away from alternative approaches, away from ethical debates over harming the innocent, the poor and future generations, and away from the fundamental changes needed to tackle the very real and serious problems current economic systems pose for environmental systems. Reflections on the Stern Review. [12] The draft report of the Garnaut Climate Change Review, a similar study conducted in Australia in 2008 by Ross Garnaut broadly endorsed the approach undertaken by Stern, but concluded, in the light of new information, that Stern had underestimated the severity of the problem and the extent of the cuts in emissions that were required to avoid dangerous climate change.
Poe Raise Skeleton, Stargate Sg-1: The Alliance, Serie Condor Staffel 1, Erzengel Uriel Meditation, Unterschied Kunstdruck Leinwanddruck, Ticketmaster Ticket Zurückgeben, Stargate Memento Mori,
stern kaufen test 2020


text:
Q: Notepad problem in delphi hi  we are using the Delphi 5 version. We are getting problem while opening the notepad in delphi. We want to open notepad on a button click and pass the data to it so that notepad can display that data. I dont want to save it. please help me regarding this. thanks.

A: You can use something like:
uses
  Clipbrd;

procedure LaunchNotepad(const Text: string);
var
  SInfo: TStartupInfo;
  PInfo: TProcessInformation;
  Notepad: HWND;
  NoteEdit: HWND;
  ThreadInfo: TGUIThreadInfo;
begin
  ZeroMemory(@SInfo, SizeOf(SInfo));
  SInfo.cb := SizeOf(SInfo);
  ZeroMemory(@PInfo, SizeOf(PInfo));
  CreateProcess(nil, PChar('Notepad'), nil, nil, False,
                NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, nil, nil, sInfo, pInfo);
  WaitForInputIdle(pInfo.hProcess, 5000);

  Notepad := FindWindow('Notepad', nil);
  // or be a little more strict about the instance found
//  Notepad := FindWindow('Notepad', 'Untitled - Notepad');

  if Bool(Notepad) then begin
    NoteEdit := FindWindowEx(Notepad, 0, 'Edit', nil);
    if Bool(NoteEdit) then begin
      SendMessage(NoteEdit, WM_SETTEXT, 0, Longint(Text));

      // To force user is to be asked if changes should be saved
      // when closing the instance
      SendMessage(NoteEdit, EM_SETMODIFY, WPARAM(True), 0);
    end;
  end
  else
  begin
    ZeroMemory(@ThreadInfo, SizeOf(ThreadInfo));
    ThreadInfo.cbSize := SizeOf(ThreadInfo);
    if GetGUIThreadInfo(0, ThreadInfo) then begin
      NoteEdit := ThreadInfo.hwndFocus;
      if Bool(NoteEdit) then begin
        Clipboard.AsText := Text;
        SendMessage(NoteEdit, WM_PASTE, 0, 0);
      end;
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  LaunchNotepad('test string');
end;

A: You can use the following command in the button click event. Specify the filename which you want to open in the textFileName.txt
ShellExecute(Handle,'open', 'c:\windows\notepad.exe','textFileName.txt', nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ;
If you want to open a blank txt file and don't want to save any data you can use the following method on your click event.
 ShellExecute(Handle,'open', 'c:\windows\notepad.exe',nil, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ;
Add ShellApi in the uses class also.
Updated Code
    procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
    var
    tempString : TStringList;
    begin
      tempString := TStringList.Create;
      try
        tempString.Add('The text you wanted to display');
        tempString.SaveToFile('C:\~tempFile.txt');
      finally
        tempString.Free;
      end;
      ShellExecute(Handle,'open', 'c:\windows\notepad.exe','C:\~tempFile.txt', nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ;
    end;

A: If you dont want them to be able to save the data, it would be more sensible to make your own Notepad lookalike, after all, thats what TMemo is good for, and then only allow them to edit the text - if thats your requirement.  Otherwise, very little will stop them saving the file.

A: NotePad in Delphi.

*

*Take one TMemo & give name as : (memNotepad)

*Take one TrzOpenDialog (rzopdlgOpenDialog)

*Take one TrzSaveDialog (rzsvdlgSaveDialog)

*Take one FontDialog (ftdlgFontDialog)

*Take one TMainMenu (mmMainMenu)

*

*add the menu items File : New,Open,Save,SaveAs,Exit,
                  Edit : Cut,Copy,Paste,Font

Code :
********************************************************************
unit ufrmNotePad;

interface

uses

  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
  Dialogs, StdCtrls, Menus, RzShellDialogs, cxGraphics, cxCustomData,
  cxStyles, cxTL, cxControls, cxInplaceContainer, IniFiles;

type
  TfrmNotepad = class(TForm)

    memNotePad: TMemo;
    rzopdlgOpenDialog: TRzOpenDialog;
    rzsvdlgSaveDialog: TRzSaveDialog;
    mmMainMenu: TMainMenu;
    mniFile: TMenuItem;
    mniSave: TMenuItem;
    mniOpen: TMenuItem;
    mniNew: TMenuItem;
    mniSaveAs: TMenuItem;
    mniEdit: TMenuItem;
    mniPaste: TMenuItem;
    mniCopy: TMenuItem;
    mniCut: TMenuItem;
    ftdlgFontDialog: TFontDialog;
    mniFont: TMenuItem;
    mniExit: TMenuItem;
    procedure mniOpenClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniSaveClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniNewClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniSaveAsClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniCopyClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniPasteClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniCutClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniFontClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniEditClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure mniExitClick(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormCloseQuery(Sender: TObject; var CanClose: Boolean);

  private

    { Private declarations }
    procedure OpenDialog;
    procedure SaveDialog;
    procedure NewNotepad;
    procedure SaveAS;
    procedure Copy;
    procedure Cut;
    procedure Paste;
    procedure Font;
    procedure SaveSettingInToFile;
    procedure RetrieveSettingFromTheFile;
  public

    { Public declarations }
    FIniFile : TIniFile;
    FFileName : String;
    FCount : Integer;
  end;

var
  frmNotepad : TfrmNotepad;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

{ Open File from the disk }

{ FCount- helps for save the file, if file is already save then FCount := 1 else FCount := 0}

{ FFileName - helps for store the filename of open filename or saved filename }

procedure TfrmNotepad.OpenDialog;

begin

  FCount := 1;

  rzopdlgOpenDialog.Title := 'Open File';

  rzopdlgOpenDialog.Filter := 'Text Files|*.txt; RTF Files|*.rtf';

  if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName = FFileName then

  begin

    if rzopdlgOpenDialog.Execute then

      memNotePad.Lines.LoadFromFile(rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName);

  end

  { if any file already opened and without saving the file try to open new file
    then message dialog box appears on the screen for save the file or save modification of the file }

  else if (memNotePad.Modified) then

  begin

    ModalResult := MessageDlg('Do you want to save Changes to untitled?',mtConfirmation,mbYesNoCancel,0);
    if (ModalResult = mrYes) then
    begin
      if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Execute then
        memNotepad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt');
      memNotePad.Clear;
      memNotePad.Modified := False;
    end
    else if (ModalResult = mrNo) then
    begin
      if rzopdlgOpenDialog.Execute then
      begin
        memNotePad.Lines.LoadFromFile(rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName);
        FFileName := rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName;
      end;
    end;
  end

  else if rzopdlgOpenDialog.Execute then

  begin

    memNotePad.Lines.LoadFromFile(rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName);
    FFileName := rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName;
  end;
  Caption := rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName + ' - Delphi Notepad';

end;

{ Saving the file }

procedure TfrmNotepad.SaveDialog;

begin

  rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Title := 'Save';

  rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Filter := 'Text Files|*.txt; RTF Files|*.rtf';

  { if file already exist and after modification we try to save then it directly save into the file without opening the save dialog box }

  if FCount = 1 then

  begin

    { filename store in the FFileName is compare with the save dialog box filename
      if it matches then modification dirctly save into that file without opening the save dialog box }

    if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName = FFileName then

      memNotePad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt')

    { filename store in the FFileName is compare with the open dialog box filename
      if it matches then modification dirctly save into that file without opening the save dialog box }

    else if rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName = FFileName then

    begin

      rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName := rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName;
      memNotePad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName);
    end;
  end

  { else file already not save then Save Dialog box open }

  else

  begin

    if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Execute then
      memNotePad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt');
    Caption := rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + ' - Delphi Notepad';
    FCount := 1;
  end;
  FFileName := rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName;

end;

{ New Notepad }

procedure TfrmNotepad.NewNotepad;

begin

  if FCount = 1 then

  begin

    memNotePad.Clear;

    Caption := 'UnNamed Delphi Notepad';

  end

  else if not (memNotePad.Modified) then

  begin

    memNotePad.Clear;

    Caption := 'UnNamed Delphi Notepad';

  end

  { without saving the modification's of file if try to click on new then
    message dialog box appears on the screen for saving the modification's }

  else if (memNotePad.Modified) then

  begin

    ModalResult := MessageDlg('Do you want to save Changes',mtConfirmation,mbYesNoCancel,0);

    if (ModalResult = mrYes) then

    begin

      if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Execute then
        memNotepad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt');
      memNotePad.Clear;
      memNotePad.Modified := False;
    end
    else if (ModalResult = mrNo) then
    begin
      memNotePad.Clear;
      memNotePad.Modified := False;
    end;
  end;

  FFileName := rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName;

  FCount := 1;

end;

{ Save As }

procedure TfrmNotepad.SaveAS;

begin

  rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Title := 'Save As';

  rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Filter := 'Text Files|*.txt; RTF Files|*.rtf';

  if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Execute then

    memNotepad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt');

  memNotePad.Clear;

  memNotePad.Modified := False;

end;

{ Cut text }

procedure TfrmNotepad.Cut;

begin

  memNotePad.CutToClipboard;

end;

{ Copy text }

procedure TfrmNotepad.Copy;

begin

  memNotePad.CopyToClipboard;

end;

{ Paste }

procedure TfrmNotepad.Paste;

begin

  memNotePad.PasteFromClipboard;

end;

{ Font Dialog is assign to memo }

procedure TfrmNotepad.Font;

begin

  if ftdlgFontDialog.Execute then

    memNotePad.Font := ftdlgFontDialog.Font;

end;

{ Save the setting of font in to Ini file }

procedure TfrmNotepad.SaveSettingInToFile;

var

  LColorName : String;

begin

  FIniFile.WriteString('Setting', 'FontName', memNotePad.Font.Name);

  FIniFile.WriteString('Setting', 'FontSize', IntToStr(memNotePad.Font.Size));

  LColorName := ColorToString(memNotePad.Font.Color);

  FIniFile.WriteString('Setting', 'FontColor', LColorName);

end;

{ Retrieve the setting of font from Ini file }

procedure TfrmNotepad.RetrieveSettingFromTheFile;

var

  LFontName, LFontSize, LFontColor: String;

begin

  FIniFile := TIniFile.Create('FontSettings.ini');

  LFontName := FIniFile.ReadString('Setting', 'FontName', 'Arial');

  memNotePad.Font.Name := LFontName;

  LFontSize := FIniFile.ReadString('Setting', 'FontSize', '8');

  memNotePad.Font.Size := StrToInt(LFontSize);

  LFontColor := FIniFile.ReadString('Setting', 'FontColor',
ColorToString(clBlack));

  memNotePad.Font.Color := StringToColor(LFonTColor);

  ftdlgFontDialog.Font := memNotePad.Font;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniOpenClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  OpenDialog;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniSaveClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  SaveDialog;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniNewClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  NewNotepad;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniSaveAsClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  SaveAS;

end;

{ Exit from Notepad }

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniExitClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  { While exit if the modification in file is not save then then message dialog appear on the screen }

  if (memNotePad.Modified) then

  begin

    ModalResult := MessageDlg('Do you want to save
Changes',mtConfirmation,mbYesNoCancel,0);

    if (ModalResult = mrYes) then

    begin

      if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName = FFileName then

        memNotePad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt')

      else if rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName = FFileName then

      begin

        rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName := rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName;

        memNotePad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName);

      end

      else if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Execute then

        memNotepad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt');

      memNotePad.Clear;

      memNotePad.Modified := False;

      Close;

    end

    else if (ModalResult = mrNo) then

    begin

      memNotePad.Clear;

      memNotePad.Modified := False;

      Close;

    end;

  end;

  { call method for saving the font setting into Ini file }

  SaveSettingInToFile;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniCutClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  Cut;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniCopyClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  Copy;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniPasteClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  Paste;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniFontClick(Sender: TObject);
begin

  Font;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);

begin

  FCount := 0;

  FFileName := 'ok';

  { call method for retrieve the font setting from Ini file }

  RetrieveSettingFromTheFile;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);

begin

  { call method for saving the font setting into Ini file }

  SaveSettingInToFile;

end;

{ when text is selected on notepad, only then the copy & cut are enabled else disabled }

procedure TfrmNotepad.mniEditClick(Sender: TObject);

begin

  mniCopy.Enabled := memNotePad.SelLength > 0;

  mniCut.Enabled := memNotePad.SelLength > 0;

end;

procedure TfrmNotepad.FormCloseQuery(Sender: TObject; var CanClose: Boolean);

begin

  { While Destroying the form if the modification in file is not save then then
    message dialog appear on the screen }

  rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Filter := 'Text Files|*.txt; RTF Files|*.rtf';

  if (memNotePad.Modified) then

  begin

    ModalResult := MessageDlg('Do you want to save
Changes',mtConfirmation,mbYesNoCancel,0);
    if (ModalResult = mrYes) then

    begin

      if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName = FFileName then

        memNotePad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt')

      else if rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName = FFileName then

      begin

        rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName := rzopdlgOpenDialog.FileName;

        memNotePad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName);

      end

      else if rzsvdlgSaveDialog.Execute then

        memNotepad.Lines.SaveToFile(rzsvdlgSaveDialog.FileName + '.txt');

      memNotePad.Clear;

      memNotePad.Modified := False;

    end

    else if (ModalResult = mrNo) then

    begin

      memNotePad.Clear;

      memNotePad.Modified := False;

    end;

  end;

  CanClose := True;

end;

end.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange