text:
\section{Introduction}

Photons are an excellent probe of the hot and dense, strongly
interacting matter produced in heavy ion collisions~\cite{shuryak}.
They do not participate in the strong interaction and thus exit the
system carrying information from the time of their emission,
allowing a glimpse at the time-evolution of the matter.
Experimentally we measure a time-integrated history of the
emission. Photons from hadron decays need to be removed to reveal
the so-called direct contribution, i.e. photons that are produced
before the formation of the matter as well as from the matter
itself. Further removal of the early component, usually considered
prompt production from $2\rightarrow 2$ scattering of the partons
from the incoming nuclei, gives access to the radiation emitted
from the matter. If the matter is in local equilibrium the photon
spectrum is a time-integrated image of the evolution of the
temperature and collective motion of the matter as it expands and
cools.

PHENIX discovered evidence of thermal photons from \AuAu collisions
at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)~\cite{ppg086} ;
similar findings have recently been reported by ALICE from \PbPb
collisions at the Large Hadron Collider~\cite{alicephotons}.
Photons in both energy regimes exhibit a large yield and an
azimuthal anisotropy~\cite{ppg126,aliceflowproceed} with respect to
the reaction plane, often referred to as elliptic flow and
quantified as $v_2$.  Comparing the measured \pt spectra to model
calculations of thermal photons based on a hydrodynamic evolution
of the system, microscopic transport models, or a more schematic
time evolution gives reasonable agreement when assuming an initial
temperature of 300~MeV or
above~\cite{dEnterria,Turbide04,huovinen02,srivastava01,alam,Liu08,Zahed,Renk}
for $\sqsn=200$~GeV $\AuAu$ collisions at RHIC.  However, it is a
challenge for these types of models to simultaneously explain the
large observed azimuthal anisotropy of the radiation and the large
yield~\cite{Eskola,Chaudhari,vHess,Renk,Liu:2012ax}.

The challenge for these model calculations results from the
interplay between the time evolution of the collective motion and
the cooling of the matter that emits photons.  In the model
calculations, the collective motion builds up over time. The flow
velocity is initially small and increases throughout the collision
as the matter continues to expand.  The yield of thermal photons is
expected to be largest early in the collision when the matter is
the hottest. Theoretical models that create large photon $v_2$
typically underestimate the direct photon yield.  Attempts to
improve hydrodynamic models by implementing next-to-leading-order
thermal rates~\cite{Teaney}, initial state
fluctuations~\cite{Renk}, formation time effects~\cite{Liu:2012ax},
increased radial flow and enhanced coupling at $T_C$~\cite{vHess},
fail to reconcile yield and anisotropy.

To resolve this puzzle, new production mechanisms have been proposed. Some
enhance the thermal yield in the presence of the strong magnetic field
perpendicular to the reaction plane, which creates a large
anisotropy~\cite{Skokov,Muller:2013ila}. Other new mechanisms, such as
synchrotron radiation~\cite{Goloviznin:2012dy} at the plasma boundary or
photon production in a glasma phase~\cite{Chiu:2012ij}, create an anisotropy
due to the initial geometry of the overlap region.

In this paper we present the first measurement of low momentum real direct
photons from \AuAu collisions at 200 GeV center of mass energy.
This measurement compliments earlier measurements of direct photons that
were obtained by extrapolating low mass virtual photons to the real photon
point \cite{ppg086}. We are able to extend the \pt range down to
 0.4 GeV/c and provide new information on the centrality dependence
of the direct photon yield. In particular, the centrality dependence holds
the promise to help to distinguish between different production mechanisms
~\cite{Cerny}.

\section{Experiment}

To measure direct photons, we analyzed large data samples of
$1.4{\times}10^9$ and $2.6{\times}10^9$ minimum-bias Au$+$Au collisions
recorded with the PHENIX central arm spectrometers during the 2007 and
2010 runs, respectively. The main PHENIX detector is described in detail
elsewhere~\cite{mainNIM}. In addition, a Hadron Blind Detector
(HBD)~\cite{hbdNIM} was installed, except for part of the 2007 RHIC run
when only one half of the HBD was installed.
The data were taken with a
special field configuration which essentially cancels the magnetic field
around the beam axis out to about $50\,{\rm cm}$.

Minimum-bias events were triggered using the beam-beam counters (BBC) that
cover the rapidity region $3.1 < |\eta| < 3.9$ and $2\pi$ in azimuth in
both beam directions. The BBC information is used to limit the vertex in
beam direction to $\pm10\,{\rm cm}$ around the nominal position. The
charge measured in the BBC is used to categorize the event centrality. The
sample is divided into four centrality classes, 0\%--20\% for the most
central selection, 20\%--40\%, 40\%--60\% and 60\%--92\% for the most peripheral
sample.

The raw inclusive photon yield \Nincl is measured through photon
conversions to \ee pairs in the detector material, which allows us to
avoid hadron contamination and measure photons down to
$\ptee=0.4\,{\rm GeV}/c$.  Trajectories and momenta of $e^+$ and
$e^-$ are determined using the drift chambers and the pad chambers
that measure the deflection in the axial magnetic field together with the
interaction vertex location.  We require a
minimum \pt of $200\,{\rm MeV}/c$. The energy is determined with the
electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal). The $e^+$ and $e^-$ are identified
utilizing the ring-imaging \v{C}erenkov detector by requiring a
minimum of three phototubes associated with both charged tracks at the
expected ring radius as well as requiring the respective energy/momentum
ratios to be greater than 0.6.

\section{Data Analysis}

We select photons that
converted in the readout plane of the HBD that is located at a
radius of $60\,{\rm cm}$ and has a radiation length $X/X_0 \approx
2.5\%$. Our method to identify photon conversions uses only
the PHENIX central arm detectors, with the HBD playing no active role.
Because the draft chambers are located at $\approx$220~cm radially from
the beam axis, the momentum reconstruction algorithm needs to assume
where the particles originate. In the standard algorithm all charged
particles are reconstructed as if they came from the event vertex.
This procedure mismeasures the momentum vector for $e^+$ and
$e^-$ from photon conversions in the HBD. For conversions in the HBD readout plane the artificial opening
angle of the \ee pair is $\approx$10 mrad and the pair momentum increases
by 1\%--2\%. As a result the \ee pair is reconstructed with an average
mass of  $M_{\rm vtx} \approx 12\,{\rm MeV}/c^2$, as is shown in the
invariant-pair-mass distribution of Fig.~\ref{fig:1dmassplot}a.
The first  peak in the mass plot at a few MeV/$c^2$ is from $\pi^0$
Dalitz decays, along with a small number of pairs from photon conversions
before the HBD readout plane.

The momenta of all low mass \ee pairs are recalculated assuming
that they originated at the HBD readout plane. If the \ee pair is indeed
a conversion pair from the readout plane, the relative momentum resolution of
the pair is approximately
$\sigma_{p_T}^{ee}/p_T^{ee}=0.9\%{\oplus}0.5\%p_T^{ee}$ and the \ee pair mass  recalculated with the HBD back plane as origin ($M_\mathrm{HBD}$)
is a few MeV/$c^2$,
consistent with the experimental resolution. For all other \ee pairs,
the momentum vectors are now mismeasured, in particular \ee pairs from
$\pi^0$ Dalitz decays are now reconstructed with larger opening angles and thus
shifted upward in \ee pair mass. The recalculated mass spectrum is
shown in panel (b) of Fig.~\ref{fig:1dmassplot}. Plotting the yield as a
function of $M_\mathrm{HBD}$ versus the mass calculated with the vertex as origin
($M_{\rm vtx}$), as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:2dmassplot}, allows one to
clearly isolate the conversions in the HBD readout plane. We select photon
conversions by a two dimensional cut $10 < M_{\rm vtx} < 15\ {\rm MeV}/c^2$
and $M_\mathrm{HBD} < 4.5\ {\rm MeV}/c^2$, illustrated by the red
dashed box.  Note that the large distance from the true event
vertex and the relatively thick HBD readout plane (in terms of radiation
length $X_0$) with no comparable radiating material nearby makes
identification of the converted photons very accurate: a full {\sc geant} Monte
Carlo simulation \cite{brun1993geant} shows that the purity of this sample is 99\%, with most
of the remaining 1\% being photon conversions at other radii.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig1}
  \caption{
Histograms of the $e^+$$e^-$ pair invariant-mass distribution from data.
Panel (a) shows the distribution of masses calculated with the normal
reconstruction algorithm (vtx).  Panel (b) shows the distribution of
masses calculated with the alternate track model assumption (HBD).
  }
  \label{fig:1dmassplot}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig2}
  \caption{
(Color online) A view of the cut space used for the conversion photon identification.
The mass as calculated under the standard reconstruction algorithm (vtx)
is plotted on the horizontal axis, while the mass as calculated under the
alternate track model (HBD) is plotted on the vertical axis. The
dotted (red) box indicates the region used to identify photon conversions.
  }
  \label{fig:2dmassplot}
\end{figure}

A subset of this inclusive conversion photon sample \Nincl is tagged
statistically as photons from $\pi^0$ decays if they reconstruct the
$\pi^0$ mass with a second, photon-like shower taken from the EMCal. Note
that this is done in bins of \ptee, the transverse momentum of the
converted photons, not in bins of $\pi^0$ \pt.  A cut on the shower shape
of this second EMCal shower is used to remove most hadrons. False tagging
from hadron showers in the EMCal is further reduced by applying a lower
threshold on the cluster energy. For the 2010 data we applied an
$E_\mathrm{clus}>$0.4~GeV cut, which is just above the EMCal response for
minimum ionizing particles. For the 2007 data, a higher threshold of
0.6~GeV was necessary due to a cut on the shower energy that was
introduced during data production.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig3}
  \caption{(Color online) Histograms of the $e^+e^-\gamma$
invariant-mass distributions
for two different \ptee bins.  The left column (a),(c) displays the mass
for $0.4 < \ptee < 0.6$ GeV/$c$, the right column (b),(d) displays the
mass for $1.8 < \ptee < 2.0$ GeV/$c$.  The top row (a),(b) shows the
$e^+e^-\gamma$ invariant-mass foreground distribution in blue, with the
normalized background
distribution from the mixed events in red.  The bottom row (c),(d) shows
the isolated pion peak after subtraction of the normalized background.
The masses are calculated from the HBD readout plane origin assumption on
the electron tracks.  The centrality bin is 0\%--20\%.
  }
  \label{fig:pi0massplot}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Relative Photon Yield}

In each \ptee bin the number of $\pi^0$ tagged photons (\Npi) is
determined by integrating the $\ee \gamma$ mass distribution around the
$\pi^0$ mass after subtraction of the mixed-event combinatorial
background.   Figure~\ref{fig:pi0massplot} shows the mass distributions
before and after subtracting the mixed-event background for two example
\ptee bins (0.4--0.6~GeV/$c$ and 1.8--2.0~GeV/$c$) for central collisions
(0\%--20\%), which have the smallest signal-to-background ratio. The $\pi^0$
peak extraction method has less than 4\% systematic uncertainty on the
$\pi^0$ tagged photon yield, which is assumed to be independent between
neighboring \ptee bins and thus folded into the statistical uncertainties.

In a given \ptee bin the true number of inclusive photons
$\gamma^{\rm incl}$ and photons from $\pi^0$ decays $\gamma^{\pi^0}$
are related to the measured quantities \Nincl and \Npi as follows:
\begin{equation}
	\Nincl = \varepsilon_{ee}a_{ee} \ c \gamma^{\rm incl} \
	\label{eqn:incl},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
	\Npi = \varepsilon_{ee}a_{ee} \ c \langle\varepsilon_\gamma f\rangle \gamma^{\pi^0}.
	\label{eqn:pitag},
\end{equation}
where $c$ is the probability that the photon converts in the HBD readout
plane, $\varepsilon_{ee}$ is the reconstruction efficiency of the \ee pair
and $a_{ee}$ is the factor describing that both $e^+$ and $e^-$ are in the
detector acceptance. The factor $f$ is the conditional acceptance that
after one photon from a $\pi^0$ decay was reconstructed as \ee conversion
pair, the partner photon falls into the acceptance of the EMCal. The
probability that the partner photon is reconstructed is given as
$\varepsilon_\gamma$. The product $\varepsilon_\gamma f$ is averaged over
all possible \pt of the partner photon, indicated by $\langle
\varepsilon_\gamma f\rangle$.

Because \Nincl and \Npi are both measured in terms of the \ptee of the
converted photon, the efficiency and acceptance factors for the \ee pair
as well as the conversion probability explicitly cancel in the ratio
$\Nincl/\Npi$. This ratio can be converted into \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace, the ratio of the
yield of true inclusive photons $\gamma^{\rm incl}$ to the yield of
true photons from hadron decays $\gamma^{\rm hadron}$:

\begin{equation}
	R_\gamma = \frac{\gamma^{\rm incl}}{\gamma^{\rm hadron}} = \frac{\langle\varepsilon_\gamma f \rangle \left(\frac{N^{\rm incl}_\gamma}{N^{\pi^0,{\rm tag}}_\gamma}\right)_{\rm Data}}{\left(\frac{\gamma^{\rm hadron}}{\gamma^{\pi^0}}\right)_{\rm Sim}}
	\label{eqn:rgamma}
\end{equation}

All terms in Eq.~\ref{eqn:rgamma} are a function of converted photon
\ptee. \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace will be unity for a given \ptee bin if all photons result
from hadron decays, or larger than unity if direct photons are present in
the sample.  The excess above unity is a measure of the direct photon
content in the bin. In the following we discuss all terms in detail.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig4}
  \caption{ (Color online)
Average conditional acceptance \ef to detect a photon from a $\pi^0$ decay in the
EMCal, if the other photon converted in the HBD electronics and was reconstructed
as an \ee pair. The abscissa gives \ptee, the \pt of the \ee pair. The \pt cut
of 0.6 (2007) and 0.4 GeV/$c$ (2004) is on the photon detected in the EMCal.
For the \pt cut of 0.6 GeV/$c$ we show the results for
two methods, a full MC simulation (points) and a fast MC simulation (histogram).
For the \pt cut of 0.4 GeV, the
fast MC simulation is shown as dashed histogram.
}
  \label{fig:ef}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{
Summary of systematic uncertainties on \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace. The $\pi^0$ reconstruction
uncertainty is uncorrelated between data points (type A); type B
uncertainties are \pt-correlated, and type C are uncertainties that can change
$R_\gamma$ for all \pt by a constant multiplicative factor.
}
\begin{ruledtabular} \begin{tabular}{lccc}
Source                          & $\sigma_{\rm syst}/R_\gamma$ & Type & \\
\hline
$\pi^0$ reconstruction	 	&     &   & \\
(tagged photon yield)	  	& 4\% & A & \\
$\gamma$ purity 	  	& 1\% & C & \\
\\
conditional acceptance $\langle\varepsilon f\rangle$ & & & \\
energy scale 		 	& 4\% & B & \\
conversion loss 	 	& 2\% & C & \\
$\gamma$ efficiency 	 	& 1\% & B & \\
active area 		 	& 1\% & C & \\
input \pt spectra       	& 1\% & B & \\
\\
$\gamma^{\rm hadron}/\gamma^{\pi^0}$  & & & \\
$\eta/\pi^0$ ratio 	 	& 2.2\%  & C & \\
other mesons			& $<$1\% & C & \\
\end{tabular} \end{ruledtabular}
\label{tab:uncertainties}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[hb]
  \includegraphics[width=0.998\linewidth]{fig5}
  \caption{ (Color online)
\emph{(a)} Ratio \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace as function of photon \pt from the 2007
(red open square) and from the 2010
data sets (blue closed circle) in minimum-bias \AuAu collisions.
Statistical uncertainties are dominated by the $\pi^0$ yield extraction.
They are plotted as vertical lines. All other systematic uncertainties are
added in quadrature and shown as filled boxes. \emph{(b)} \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace in the
combined 2007+2010 measurement.
}
  \label{fig:rg_mb}
\end{figure}

The numerator of Eq.~\ref{eqn:rgamma} includes the measured ratio
$\Nincl/\Npi$, and the efficiency and acceptance correction for pion
tagging, \ef.  Figure~\ref{fig:ef} shows
\ef for the min. bias data sets of 2007 and 2010.  It increases
monotonically with \ptee and is lower for the larger \pt cut on the second photon.
These trends can be understood in terms of decay kinematics and average \pt of
the tagged $\pi^0$. At higher \ptee the average \pt of the tagged
$\pi^0$ is larger, the opening angle between the decay photons becomes smaller and
the probability to have both decay photon in the PHENIX acceptance increases.
Consequently \ef increases with \ptee. A larger \pt-cut on the second photon
increases the minimum $\pi^0$ \pt necessary for both photons to be accepted
at a given \ptee, thus \ef is larger for the lower \pt cut. The ratio of \ef
for the two different \pt cuts is as large as a factor of 2 at the lowest
\ptee and decreases towards higher \ptee. Because the final result for \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace is
proportional to \ef, varying the \pt cut provides a powerful
cross check for the measurement.

We developed two different methods to determine
$\langle\varepsilon_\gamma f\rangle$. For the 2007 data
a {\sc geant} Monte Carlo simulation of the detector response to $\pi^0$ decays
is performed. In the simulation one photon is forced to convert in the HBD
readout plane. The simulated $\pi^0$ decays are then embedded into real
data to account for occupancy effects in the EMCal. The events are
analyzed through the full reconstruction chain to extract
$\langle\varepsilon_\gamma f\rangle$. This method is computationally very
intensive and thus limited by statistical uncertainties. To overcome these
we developed a fast simulation. It accounts for the detector acceptance
and variations of the active detector areas with time. The single photon
response is parametrized based on a {\sc geant} Monte Carlo simulation of
single photons. To test the fast simulation we compared its result for \ef
in Fig.~\ref{fig:ef} for the 2007 data
to the one determined with the full {\sc geant} simulation; the two methods
agree within statistical uncertainties. For the 2010 data we used the fast
simulation. We also compare results on \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace for  \pt cuts on the
second photon between 0.3 and 0.6 GeV/$c^2$ and find that the results are
consistent well within the systematic uncertainties on \ef discussed below.

The denominator of Eq.~\ref{eqn:rgamma} is the ratio of photons from all
hadron decays ($\gamma^{\rm hadron}$) to those from $\pi^0$ decays
($\gamma^{\pi^0}$). To evaluate this ratio, the per-event yields
$\gamma^{\pi^0}$ and $\gamma^{\rm hadron}$ are determined using the PHENIX
meson decay generator {\sc exodus}, which is discussed in detail
in Ref.~\cite{ppg088}.

For each centrality class, a fit to the measured per-event yields for
charged and neutral pions \cite{ppg014, ppg026} is used to generate
$\pi^0$'s that then are decayed to photons according to known branching
ratios and decay kinematics based on Ref.~\cite{PDG}. The resulting photon
spectrum is the per-event yield $\gamma^{\pi^0}$ as a function of photon
$p_T$. To generate $\gamma^{\rm hadron}$, the contributions
from decays of $\eta$, $\omega$, and $\eta^\prime$ are determined
using the same procedure and then added to $\gamma^{\pi^0}$. The shape of
the \pt spectra for $\eta$, $\omega$, and $\eta^\prime$ are derived from
the $\pi^0$ spectrum by replacing \pt with $m_T = \sqrt{m^2_{\rm hadron} -
m^2_{\pi^0} + \pt^2}$. For $\eta$ and $\omega$ this is consistent with
published data~\cite{ppg055, ppg118}; for $\eta^\prime$ no data are
available. The absolute normalization of the $\eta$ per-event yield is set
using a value of $\eta/\pi^0 = 0.46 \pm 0.06$~\cite{ppg051,ppg133} at
\pt = 5 GeV/$c$. For the $\omega$ and $\eta^\prime$ the absolute yield is
set to $\omega/\pi^0 = 0.9\pm0.06$ and $\eta^\prime/\pi^0=0.25\pm0.075$,
again at 5 GeV/$c$ (see \cite{ppg088}).

\subsection{Systematic Uncertainties}

Several sources contribute to systematic uncertainties on \ef. The largest
one is 4\% and accounts for the uncertainties of the energy scale and the
energy resolution. These translate directly into an uncertainty in the
number of photons that pass the lower EMCal threshold and thus become
candidates for $\pi^0$ tagging. The second largest uncertainty (2\%) is on
the number of photons that are lost because they convert to \ee pairs in
the detector material in front of the EMCal and are not reconstructed as
single showers. The active area of the detectors was studied as a function
of time, and the resulting systematic uncertainty on \ef is smaller than
1\%. Varying the $\pi^0$ input distribution with the uncertainties on the
data results in a 1\% uncertainty on \ef. Lastly, the uncertainty on the
photon reconstruction efficiency is also small (1\%), estimated by varying
the shower shape cuts, redoing the analysis and recalculating the
correction, and comparing the results. All other systematic effects were
found to be negligible.

Systematic uncertainties on $\gamma^{\rm hadron}/\gamma^{\pi^0}$ are dominated
by the accuracy with which $\eta/\pi^0$ is known. Because the $\pi^0$
contribution to $\gamma^{\rm hadron}$ is $\approx$80\%, the systematic
uncertainty on the $\pi^0$ spectra largely cancels, leaving the
$\eta/\pi^0$ ratio as the dominant source of
systematic uncertainties. The uncertainty on \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace also includes
possible deviations from scaling with $m_T$ and uncertainties on the other
meson yields. The total uncertainty is less than 2.5\%. All systematic
uncertainties on \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace are summarized in Table~\ref{tab:uncertainties}.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig6}
  \caption{ (Color online)
Ratio $R_\gamma$ as function of photon \pt
for the combined 2007 and 2010 data sets in centrality
bins 0\%--20\%, 20\%--40\%, 40\%--60\% and 60\%--92\%. Statistical uncertainties
plotted as vertical lines are dominated by the $\pi^0$ yield extraction.
All other systematic uncertainties are added in quadrature and shown as
filled boxes. On panels (a) and (b) we also show earlier results from
Ref.~\cite{ppg086}, obtained by extrapolating virtual photons to
zero mass.
}
  \label{fig:rg}
\end{figure}

\section{Results and Discussion}

Figure~\ref{fig:rg_mb} compares our results for \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace in minimum-bias
collisions from the 2007 and 2010 data sets separately, while
Figure~\ref{fig:rg} shows the same quantity for the four centrality
selections. Here we used the full {\sc geant} simulation for the 2007 data, and
the fast Monte Carlo simulation for the 2010 data. \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace from the two
data sets agree well within statistical errors.  Figure~\ref{fig:rg}
also includes data from an earlier publication~\cite{ppg086}, in which
\mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace was obtained by extrapolating virtual photons
to $m=0$ for the two central bins and $\pt>1.0\,{\rm GeV}/c$.
The \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace was used to calculate the direct-photon \pt spectra shown
in~\cite{ppg086}; here we show the corresponding data points.
We observe no statistically
significant difference between the \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace measured from real and virtual
photons.  However, given the uncertainties, we cannot rule out a
difference of up to 15\%, as is estimated in Ref.~\cite{Zahed}.
The \mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace shows
a statistically significant excess of photons above those expected from
hadron decays, and this excess increases with centrality.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig7}
  \caption{ (Color online)
Direct photon \pt spectra for minimum-bias Au$+$Au collisions from this
measurement (solid symbols) and Au$+$Au and \pp collisions (open symbols). Open circles
and up triangles: low \pt spectrum obtained with virtual photons in \pp and
\AuAu~\cite{ppg086}. Open squares and down triangles: spectrum of real
photons, measured in the EMCal in \pp. Open squares are 2003
data~\cite{ppg060}, open down triangles are 2006 data~\cite{ppg136}. Open stars:
spectrum with real photons, measured in the EMCal in Au$+$Au in
2004~\cite{ppg139}. The dashed line is a fit to the combined set of \pp
data, extrapolated below 1\,GeV/$c$, and the solid line the \pp fit
scaled with the number of minimum-bias Au$+$Au collisions.  Bands around
lines denote $1\sigma$ uncertainty intervals in the parameterizations of
the \pp data and the uncertainty in \Ncoll, added in quadrature.
}
  \label{fig:direct_yield_mb}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig8}
  \caption{ (Color Online)
Direct photon \pt spectra in centrality bins 0\%--20\%, 20\%--40\%, 40\%--60\% and
60\%--92\%. Widths of filled boxes indicate bin widths in this analysis.
The green bands show a \Ncoll-scaled modified power-law fit to the PHENIX
\pp data and its extrapolation below 1\,GeV/$c$, cf.\
Fig.~\protect\ref{fig:direct_yield_mb}. One-sided errors denote $1\sigma$ upper limits,
other uncertainties are as in Fig.~\protect\ref{fig:direct_yield_mb}.
  }
  \label{fig:pt_direct}
\end{figure}

To combine the data sets we apply the corrections calculated from the fast
simulation for both the 2007 and 2010 data (after verifying consistency
between the corrections calculated for the 2007 data with both the fast
Monte Carlo and full {\sc geant}) and average the numerators in
Eq.~\ref{eqn:rgamma} for the 2007 and 2010 data sets. While the correction
factor \ef is different for the two data sets (due to differences in
detector dead areas and the different minimum photon energy cuts applied),
the systematic uncertainties are the same. Next we determine the direct
photon yield from the combined $R_\gamma$ for each \pt bin:
\begin{equation}
	\gamma^{\rm direct} = (R_\gamma - 1)\gamma^{\rm hadron},
    \label{eqn:directYield}
\end{equation}
were $\gamma^{\rm hadron}$ is the invariant yield of photons from hadron
decays, which we calculate from measured charged and neutral pion spectra,
as described above.  At this point a systematic uncertainty of 10\% on the
shape of the input $\pi^0$ distribution for the generator needs to be
included~\cite{ppg088} (this mostly cancels in the denominator of
$\mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace$, but no longer cancels in Eq.~\ref{eqn:directYield}). The
measurement was cross-checked and found consistent with the direct photon
spectrum calculated using the fully corrected measured inclusive photon
spectrum~\cite{ppg088} via the relation $\gamma^{\rm direct} = \left(1 -
1/\mbox{$R_{\gamma}$}\xspace \right)\gamma^{\rm incl}$, which has much larger systematic
uncertainties because the conversion probability, the $e^+e^-$ pair
efficiency and acceptance do not cancel.

Figure~\ref{fig:direct_yield_mb} shows the direct photon \pt spectra for
minimum bias and our previously published \AuAu data from
Ref.~\cite{ppg086} and~\cite{ppg139}. Also shown are the \pp photon data from PHENIX. The lowest \pt points (open circles) come from a virtual photon
measurement~\cite{ppg086}, while the open squares and open triangles are
from the analysis of the 2003~\cite{ppg060} and 2006~\cite{ppg136}
data sets, respectively.  The dashed curve is the joint fit to
the \pp data with a functional form $a\left(1+\frac{\pt^2}{b}\right)^c$.
This shape was used in Ref.~\cite{ppg086}.  Including new data in
the fit~\cite{ppg136}, we find parameters $a=(8.3\pm 7.5)\times 10^{-3}$,
$b=2.26\pm 0.78$ and $c=-3.45\pm 0.08$.  Note that the systematic
uncertainties are highly correlated.  Also, the lowest actual data point
in the fit is at \pt=1\,GeV/$c$.

The solid curve in Fig.~\ref{fig:direct_yield_mb} is the \pp fit scaled by
the corresponding average number of binary collisions, $N_{\rm part}$,
for minimum-bias collisions, as calculated from a Glauber Monte Carlo
simulation~\cite{annurev2007}.  Below $\pt=3\,{\rm GeV}/c$, an enhancement
above the expected prompt production (\pp) is observed. The enhancement
has a significantly smaller inverse slope than the $N_{\rm coll}$ scaled
\pp contribution.

Figure~\ref{fig:pt_direct} shows that we observe similar behavior when
investigating the centrality dependence in more detail. The solid curves
are again the \pp fit scaled by the respective number of binary
collisions, and they deviate significantly from the measured yields below
3\,GeV/$c$.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig9}
  \caption{ (Color online)
Direct photon \pt spectra after subtraction of the \Ncoll scaled \pp
contribution in centrality bins 0\%--20\%, 20\%--40\%, 40\%--60\% and 60\%--92\%.
Uncertainties are plotted as in Fig.~\ref{fig:pt_direct}. Dashed lines are
fits to an exponential function in the range $0.6\,{\rm GeV}/c < \pt <
2.0\,{\rm GeV}/c$.
}
  \label{fig:pt_thermal}
\end{figure}

\begingroup
\squeezetable
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{
The number of nucleon participants \Npart, number of binary
nucleon-nucleon collisions \Ncoll, and constituent-quark participants
\mbox{$N_{\rm qp}$}\xspace vs centrality bin.   Also shown are the values of local inverse
slopes in the \pt range 0.6 to 2 GeV/$c$ of the direct
photon spectra, after subtracting the \Ncoll scaled \pp results.
}
\begin{ruledtabular} \begin{tabular}{rcccl}
Centrality
& \Ncoll
& \Npart
& \mbox{$N_{\rm qp}$}\xspace
& $T_{\rm eff}$~(MeV/$c$) \\
\hline
0\%--20\%
& $770.6 \pm 79.9$
& $277.5 \pm 6.5$
& $735.2 \pm 14.6$
& $239 \pm 25\pm 7$ \\
20\%--40\%
& $282.4 \pm 28.4$
& $135.6 \pm 7.0$
& $333.2 \pm 10.7$
& $260 \pm 33 \pm 8$ \\
40\%--60\%
& $82.6 \pm 9.3$
& $56.0 \pm 5.3$
& $126.6 \pm 6.1$
& $225 \pm 28 \pm 6$ \\
60\%--92\%
& $12.1 \pm 3.1$
& $12.5 \pm 2.6$
& $25.8  \pm 4.0$
& $238 \pm 50 \pm 6$ \\
0\%--92\%
& $251.1 \pm 26.7$
& $106.3 \pm 5.0$
& $268.8  \pm 8.2$
& $242 \pm 28 \pm 7$
\end{tabular} \end{ruledtabular}
\label{tab:data}
\end{table}
\endgroup

Finally the direct photon contribution from prompt processes (as estimated
by the $N_{\rm coll}$ scaled \pp\ direct photon yield, shown by the curve in
Fig.~\ref{fig:pt_direct}) is subtracted to isolate the radiation unique
to heavy ion collisions.  The results are depicted in
Fig.~\ref{fig:pt_thermal}.  While the origin of this additional
radiation cannot be directly established (it could be for instance thermal
and/or initial state radiation, or the dominant source could even be \pt
dependent), it is customary to fit this region with an exponential and
characterize the shape with the inverse slope.  Accordingly, shown on each
panel is a fit to an exponential function in the range
$0.6<\pt<2\,{\rm GeV}/c$. The inverse slopes are approximately
$240\,{\rm MeV}/c$ independent of centrality, see Table~\ref{tab:data}.
In contrast, the yield clearly increases with centrality. We have
quantified this by integrating the photon yield above a threshold \ptmin. We varied the threshold from $0.4$ to $1.4\,{\rm GeV}/c$ to show
that the centrality dependence does not result from a change of shape at low
\pt (see Fig.~\ref{fig:int_yield}).

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig10}
  \caption{  (Color online)
Integrated thermal photon yields as a function of \Npart for different
lower \pt integration limits. The dashed lines are independent fits to a
power-law.
  }
  \label{fig:int_yield}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[htbp]
  \caption{
Fitted parameters from fitting power-law fits $\frac{{\rm d}
N}{{\rm d} y} = A N_{\rm part}^\alpha$ for integrated yields with
different lower \ptee limits.
  }
\begin{ruledtabular} \begin{tabular}{ccccc}
&    \ptmin      & & &  \\
&    (GeV/$c$)     & $\alpha$ & $A$ &  \\
\hline
&    0.4  & $1.36 \pm 0.08 \pm 0.08$ & $(7.85 \pm 2.96 \pm 4.52) \times 10^{-3}$   &  \\
&    0.6  & $1.41 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.12$ & $(2.20 \pm 1.54 \pm 1.64) \times 10^{-3}$   &  \\
&    0.8  & $1.42 \pm 0.07 \pm 0.11$ & $(1.07 \pm 0.39 \pm 0.75) \times 10^{-3}$   &  \\
&    1.0  & $1.35 \pm 0.06 \pm 0.07$ & $(7.70 \pm 2.32 \pm 4.37) \times 10^{-4}$   &  \\
&    1.2  & $1.36 \pm 0.09 \pm 0.07$ & $(3.90 \pm 1.79 \pm 2.81) \times 10^{-4}$   &  \\
&    1.4  & $1.40 \pm 0.06 \pm 0.10$ & $(1.63 \pm 0.47 \pm 1.11) \times 10^{-4}$   &  \\
\end{tabular} \end{ruledtabular}
  \label{tab:powerfit}
\end{table}

The yield increases with a power-law function $N_{\rm part}^\alpha$;
this is illustrated by the linear rise of the yield with \Npart in the
logarithmic representation shown on Fig.~\ref{fig:int_yield} together
with fits to $A N_{\rm part}^\alpha$. The fit parameters are shown in
Table~\ref{tab:powerfit}. The same power is observed independent of the
\pt cutoff, consistent with the spectra having the same shape independent
of centrality. A simultaneous fit to the data in
Fig.~\ref{fig:int_yield} results in an average value of $\alpha=1.38 \pm
0.03 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.07 ({\rm syst})$.

We have also considered the recently suggested scaling with the number of
quark participants \mbox{$N_{\rm qp}$}\xspace, which works well for charged particle
production~\cite{ppg100}. Here \mbox{$N_{\rm qp}$}\xspace is calculated with a Glauber Monte
Carlo simulation similar to \Npart by picking random locations for
constituent quarks within the nucleus. While our data is better described
by scaling with a power-law in \Npart, it is also consistent with a
power-law function $N_{qp}^\beta$, where $\mbox{$N_{\rm qp}$}\xspace$ is the number of quark
participants. In this case we find an exponent of $\beta=1.27 \pm 0.03
({\rm stat}) \pm 0.07 ({\rm syst})$.

In most theoretical models thermal photon emission involves binary
collisions of constituents, partons or hadrons, in hot and dense matter.
Thus the emission rate from a unit volume should be proportional to the
square of the number of constituents, while bulk particle production
should scale with the number of constituents~\cite{Cerny, Kajantie}. Because
particle production is approximately proportional to $N_{\rm part}$ one
might expect thermal photon emission to scale as $N_{\rm part}^2$
times a correction for the increasing reaction volume with centrality. The
increasing volume will reduce the centrality dependence, so that one
expects $1 < \alpha < 2$ for thermal photon emission, just as observed.

Recent theoretical studies of the centrality dependence confirm our
finding that the yield of thermal photon emission increases approximately
with a power law function of \Npart. In the PHSD transport approach the
power $\alpha$ is approximately 1.5~\cite{Linnyk:2013wma}, with no evident
change in the shape of the spectra with centrality, very similar to our
data. A hydrodynamic model~\cite{Shen:2013vja} shows a power law increase
of the yield with a power $\alpha$ in the range from 1.67 to 1.9,
increasing monotonically as the lower integration threshold increases from
0.4 to 1.4\ GeV/$c$. Photon production in a glasma phase~\cite{Chiu:2012ij}
was predicted to scale with $N_{\rm part}^\alpha$ with $1.47 < \alpha <
2.2$. Other new production mechanisms, proposed to address the large
$v_2$, have distinctly different centrality dependence. The yield from
enhanced thermal photon emission in the strong magnetic field is expected
to decrease with centrality, as the strength of the field weakens with
decreasing impact parameter~\cite{Skokov}. The thermal photon yield should
thus increase more slowly than expected from standard processes, but a
quantitative estimate is not yet available.

\section{Summary and Conclusions}

We have isolated the low momentum direct photon yield emitted in \AuAu
collisions.  The shape of the \pt spectra does not depend strongly on
centrality, with an average inverse slope of ~240 MeV/$c$ in the range
from 0.6 to 2 GeV/$c$.  The yield increases with centrality as
$N_{\rm part}^\alpha$ with $\alpha\sim1.4$.  In conclusion, these
results will help distinguish between different photon-production
mechanisms and will constrain models of the space-time evolution of
heavy ion collisions.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}

We thank the staff of the Collider-Accelerator and Physics
Departments at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the staff of
the other PHENIX participating institutions for their vital
contributions.  We acknowledge support from the
Office of Nuclear Physics in the
Office of Science of the Department of Energy, the
National Science Foundation, Abilene Christian University
Research Council, Research Foundation of SUNY, and Dean of the
College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University (U.S.A),
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Japan),
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\'{\i}fico e
Tecnol{\'o}gico and Funda\c c{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do
Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo (Brazil),
Natural Science Foundation of China (P.~R.~China),
Croatian Science Foundation and
Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports (Croatia),
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic),
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat
{\`a} l'{\'E}nergie Atomique, and Institut National de Physique
Nucl{\'e}aire et de Physique des Particules (France),
Bundesministerium f\"ur Bildung und Forschung, Deutscher
Akademischer Austausch Dienst, and Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung (Germany),
Hungarian National Science Fund, OTKA, K\'aroly R\'obert University College (Hungary),
Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology (India),
Israel Science Foundation (Israel),
National Research Foundation of Korea of the Ministry of Science,
ICT, and Future Planning (Korea),
Physics Department, Lahore University of Management Sciences (Pakistan),
Ministry of Education and Science, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Federal Agency of Atomic Energy (Russia),
VR and Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden),
the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation for the
Independent States of the Former Soviet Union,
the Hungarian American Enterprise Scholarship Fund,
and the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


When we talk about interior decor, walls appear the trickiest most deal to accomplish successfully. People usually avoid to take risk when it comes to wall setting of any room in the house or in their corporate office. They prefer traditional paintings with standard frames to style up the space. Isn't it a vague idea when market is bombarded with a lot many options? So why not to make your place little stylish, impressively modish by giving it an impeccable and in-vogue design.
Abstract wall art sounds little strange to people but this can be a great choice not only for the modern settings but also compliment the traditional decor styles. People usually do not feel easy to step outside their comfort zone and try different colors and ideas. Experimenting with abstract wall art will bring endless attributes with it. Some tricks have to be kept in mind while shaping an abstract art wall. If you are living in Dubai, you have endless choices to shape your abstract art wall. Visit any Art Gallery Dubai and find an exclusive and appropriate abstract painting for your walls.
The abstract artwork usually create a balance in a room decor.
The abstract art on the walls which have a bit of similarity with furniture adds a warm vibe to the room.
Only colors of the painting do not require attention but a very important point is the shapes in the painting.
Place the abstract painting on a wall which is a focal point of the room.
An abstract wall painting having dark shades reunites all the bold effects used throughout the room.
Using an abstract art piece doesn't mean to bring a contrast in the whole setting, the real goal is to make the room look harmonious.
Bring a large abstract artwork if the furniture and walls have light tones so the whole attention get shifted towards the abstract art wall.
Eye-catching the large abstract painting is pleasant if the color selection goes with the flow of setting.
The combination of modern abstract painting in a traditional room setting is a great idea.
Floater metallic frames complements the abstract art specifically when both comes in contrast. For instance, deep smudged colored frame boost up the mood of abstraction created with sharp colors and bold strokes.
Abstract art has an effect to brighten up the whole space and it gives a freshness to the eyes. Abstract wall art is a fast growing trend of wall decor after Acrylic Painting Dubai. The bold colors of various abstract paintings provides a mesmerizing center point to a room setting. An abstract wall is a great option for bedroom, TV lounge and even for Kitchens to make the space a little more beautiful. Abstract art wall also helps to enhance the aesthetic sense to establish the color palette for the room. You can easily pick colors from paintings hanged to buy other room accessories.


text:
See more: Miniature Game
X-Wing: 2nd Ed. RZ-2 A-Wing (engl.)
X-Wing: 2nd Ed. RZ-2 A-Wing (engl.) is backordered. Depending on when the product is reprinted it may take weeks / months to arrive.
The second upcoming Resistance ship expansion marks a brand-new ship's first entrance to the fast-paced dogfights of X-Wing. The main interceptor of the Resistance, the RZ-2 A-wing is the natural evolution of its predecessor used by the Rebel Alliance. With several field-tested refinements integrated into its design, the new generation of A-wing fighters boasts incredible maneuverability to go along with blazingly fast speed, which makes mastering this craft a challenge worthy of the greatest aces.
Resistance pilots are always looking for ways to push the RZ-2 to the limits of its performance, and much of the challenge of flying the ship in combat is keeping it safe. While the RZ-2 A-wing's three defense dice and ability to evade incoming attacks make it a hard target to hit, its redesigned swivel mounts deter pursuers by allowing pilots to target enemies behind them. One of the ship's many improvements over earlier models, these built-in Refined Gyrostabilizers provide the RZ-2 with a turret arc that can rotate exclusively between the front and back of the ship. This gives it some much needed flexibility in where it fires, but intrepid pilots must carefully choose where to direct their fire or miss out on opportunities elsewhere.
If its reversible cannons don't provide enough of a defensive boon, the RZ-2 A-wing can always rely on the five upgrade cards included in the RZ-2 A-Wing Expansion Pack for help. For example, the ship is already highly maneuverable, but adding some Primed Thrusters makes it even more so. If you have two or fewer stress tokens, this tech upgrade allows you to quickly barrel roll or boost away from incoming fire, even while stressed.
With six ship cards—including four unique pilots—and five upgrade cards, plus the maneuver dial and tokens included in this expansion pack, the RZ-2 A-Wing Expansion Pack gives you everything you need to stand toe-to-toe with the First Order's best!
X-Wing: 2nd Ed. BTA-NR2 Y-Wing (en) - Preorder
X-Wing: 2nd Ed. BTA-NR2 Y-Wing (en) - Preorder is backordered. Depending on when the product is reprinted it may take weeks / months to arrive.
X-Wing: 2nd Ed. Fugitives and Collaborators Squadron Pack (en/de) - Preorder
language english deutsch
X-Wing: 2nd Ed. Skystrike Academy Squadron Pack (en/de) - Preorder

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Event June 30, 2016
BBA Foreign Banks Forum: Impact of Brexit and Other Issues
Shearman & Sterling was the only law firm to present at the prominent BBA Foreign Banks Forum on June 30, 2016, in London. Barney Reynolds (London), partner and head of the global Financial Institutions Advisory & Financial Regulatory Group, James Duncan (London), partner in the global Finance Group, Thomas Donegan (London), partner in the global Financial Institutions Advisory & Financial Regulatory Group and Jo Rickard (London), partner in the global Litigation Group, spoke on Brexit and other key issues for foreign banks.
Reynolds and Duncan examined the impact of the historic Brexit decision, particularly in relation to foreign banks in the UK banking industry. With a wealth of experience in financial regulatory matters, they provided insights on a wide range of pertinent issues relevant to the UK's decision to leave the European Union. Reynolds discussed the implications for banks and investment banks with his presentation on "Brexit: Continuity of current arrangements for banks and investment banks." Duncan, in his presentation on "Implications for derivatives, structured finance and other forms of financing," provided valuable insight into the likely consequences that the Brexit vote may have on financing arrangements, including derivatives and structured products.
Thomas Donegan (London), partner in the global Financial Institutions Advisory & Financial Regulatory Group presented on "UK and EU business for foreign banks: onshore and offshore booking, senior management responsibility and other issues". His presentation covered the current structuring considerations for foreign banks in their businesses in the UK and EU, with an eye to any changes that might arise through Brexit.
Jo Rickard


Infant formula manufacturer Synlait has chosen Infor software for the food and beverage industry to support its innovation and growth.
Synlait sells over 150,000 metric tonnes of dairy products annually in domestic and international markets including Asia, Africa, Middle East and Australasia.
The Kiwi company, an existing customer of Infor, wants to modernise and streamline operations as part of a five-year business transformation plan.
Infor says this will be facilitated and enabled by its food and beverage dairy industry specialised CloudSuite software-as-a-service (SaaS) enterprise system.
"The foundation of our business is all about partnering with other businesses and people who share our passion and commitment to excellence, integrity, and quality," says Chris France, director of strategy and business transformation, Synlait.
"Infor is a strategic partner for our business transformation plan with its ability to help us leverage dairy industry expertise, data insights and real-world knowledge via its innovative Infor CloudSuite F&B solution," says France, in a statement.


After driving 55 km on the Bangalore-Tumkur highway, you come close to Dobbspet, which lies in the vicinity of one of the most heritage strewn and fun-filled and trekking site of Karnataka-- Nijagal Betta. Dotted with cave temples and forts, Nijagal Betta is a haven for trekkers looking for easy and relaxed trekking trails. As you find yourself halfway up the gravel path and closer to rocky terrains, you get to feast your eyes on the sprawling complex of a fort. Constructed under the orders of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in the 17th century, this fort leads via tricky trails into adjacent cave temples –where one of them is now a dargah while the other is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Interestingly, Nijagal Betta is also the venue of the epic battle fought between Peshwa Madhavrao and Hyder Ali. Here, you can wander about in gay abandon, listen to the chirps of many birds and other countryside sounds, explore various abandoned structures/ rock formations and steep yourself in the natural bounties of the place—a must visit indeed!
Bangalore by train then he is having two terminals as his choices. The Bangalore Railway Station and the Yeshvantpur Railway Station.


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Kin Groups and Descent. The basic kinship grouping among the Pawnee was a division into north and south, or winter and summer people. Membership in these divisions was inherited matrilineally. In games, religious ceremonies, and other social gatherings, the people were divided along hereditary lines.
Kinship Terminology. Kin terms followed the Crow System.
Hyde, George E. (1951). Pawnee Indians. Denver: University of Denver Press.
Murie, James R. (1914). Pawnee Indian Societies. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers H(4). New York.
Oswalt, Wendell H. (1966). "The Pawnee." In This Land Was Theirs: A Study of the North American Indian , edited by Wendell H. Oswalt, 239-289. New York: John Wiley.
Weltfish, Gene (1965). The Lost Universe. New York: Basic Books.


Stem cells (SCs) are defined by their virtually unlimited proliferative potential and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Since they reside and self-renew for extended periods of time, they are subjected to continuous insults, thus positioning them at a high risk of accumulating mutations. A fundamental mechanism for the proper development and tissue homeostasis is apoptosis, which is responsible for the elimination of undesired and potentially dangerous cells. However, despite great advances in uncovering the key components of the apoptotic machinery, surprisingly little is known regarding the role of apoptosis in regulating different aspects of SC biology and its possible effect on SC-dependent processes such as regeneration and cancer.
(I) To investigate the role of the apoptotic machinery proteins in regulating SC-dependent processes.
(II) To elucidate and characterize novel SC populations that contribute to regeneration and tumor formation.
For these aim, we primarily utilize the murine skin , which serves as ideal system for our studies. The murine epidermis is constantly being replenished by different pools of SCs, is readily accessible and can be engineered genetically in a fashion that enables conditional and inducible gene manipulation. Data emerging from our research has the potential to dramatically forward our basic understanding of SC biology, elucidate novel functional pathways and advance novel SC based approaches for cancer therapy and regenerative medicine.


Presbyterian Medical Services designs and delivers quality, accessible, integrated health, education, and human services in response to identified community needs of the multi-cultural people of the Southwest. Presbyterian Medical Services (PMS) is the successor to the United Presbyterian Church's Medical Mission work in the Southwest which began in 1901. In 1969, an independent PMS was formed as a New Mexico non-profit corporation to ensure continuation of the mission to provide health care services to the underserved communities throughout the southwest. Throughout its history, PMS has worked collaboratively with communities, providers, hospitals, as well as local, state, and federal government entities to develop programs which meet the needs of local residents.


There's always been competition with regards to text input options and software that facilitate in ease of typing. Keyboard apps like Swype and SwiftKey are actually designed for Android users and the've replaced the default keyboard too. However, in terms of iOS users come to mind everybody have options like Syntellia and Fleksy. The keyboard made available from Fleksy is more of any minimalist, design that may be designed bearing in mind the tranquility of typing for sighted together with visually impaired people. Itrrrs this that makes this app dynamic. Nonetheless, with all the VoiceOver feature which helps in voicing out of the text is also a good choice for users in general.
It is important for Smartphone users to facilitate in simplicity of typing and help construct text without the hassles. Additionally this app is often a blend of buttons and letters together with punctuation gestures. This can be an indication of striking an account balance between your modern touch devices as well as the traditional keyboard layouts. Principle type of Fleksy cost nothing; picking full version would amount to $4.54. Picking the complete version provides you with amazing benefits like message apps and mail apps. Allow us to learn more about it in-depth.
Fleksy will continue to work with iOS 5.1 or any upgraded version. It could be downloaded and utilized on your other iOS devices including iPad, iPhone and ipod.
As soon as you launch the app you will end up greeted by the message that notifys you that this app is for people with vision loss, just click Alright to proceed further. Functionalities like spacing and deletion are easy with this app, for spacing your words swipe right and swipe left for deleting a word. If you'd like word suggestion then swipe down as well as punctuation marks swipe right again. For full user manual pick the instructions button, this will likely launch an extensive user manual.
The base of the display QWERTY keyboard, the keys are neatly displayed against dark gray background. The keyboard will give you the option for landscape mode when it's launched initially. This will assist by offering you with an increase of keyboard space while increasing the overall size. It's also possible to switch the mode by starting Settings modify it accordingly.
You will probably have the capacity to avail the feature of Invisible Keyboard for maintaining your privacy. You'll be able to additionally utilize the Screen Curtain features which might be enabled by tapping thrice along with your three fingers, to disable it again repeat a similar action. Remember that this selection can be obtained once the VoiceOver is functional. Another interesting feature belongs to Raise to Speak. This feature is enabled if you wave your hands about the front-facing camera; this actually also sticks to raising your device for your face. Using this method the text entered is repeated by voice over.
You can actually rely on the QWERTY keyboard available from Fleksy. You can be easily in a position to type with accuracy with no errors. The term prediction with this app is nice too. If you can opt for the VoiceOver as your type for much better accuracy. You will find the social networking connectivity in sending messages.
To learn more about best keyboard app for android see this net page.


What do you need for a perfect 4th of July celebration?
Well I'll tell you, because I am pretty sure I just had it.
My 4th of July was spent at the most amazing hotel in at of my favorite beaches in California.
Surrounded with friends and loved ones, and I could stop right there, because at the end of the day, that is all you really need for a good celebration, isn't it?
But it really doesn't hurt that we also got to indulge in amazing food, ocean views, palm trees and sunshine. It just made it all even more perfect.
We stayed at The Ritz Carlton Laguna Niguel, which has the most amazing location i think i have ever seen. The gigantic hotel is located on top of the cliff overlooking the beautiful ocean.
The staff is so friendly, and I of course fell in love with the marble bathrooms and rose decorations that you can find all over the hotel.
I seriously could not ask for a better way to spend Americas independence day.


text:
The Kaimai Mamaku Conservation Park is a protected area in the North Island of New Zealand. It was formed in 1975 as the Kaimai-Mamaku Forest Park, defined as a Conservation Park in 1987, and renamed in 2009. The park forms a barrier between the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions, and runs from the Karangahake Gorge in the north, almost to Rotorua in the south. The park covers an area of around 37,000 hectares.

The Department of Conservation administers the land.

See also
Kaimai Range
Conservation parks of New Zealand

References

External links
Department of Conservation Kaimai to Coast Walks and Tramps

Conservation parks of New Zealand
Protected areas of the Bay of Plenty Region
Protected areas of Waikato

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you're anything like me, you've had both Sony's PlayStation 4 and Microsoft's Xbox One since they launched in mid-late November. With the launch of new hardware comes brand new console exclusives, as well as enhanced versions of games that had previously launched on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. All things considered, the launch lineup that accompanied PS4 and Xbox One unto the breach was rather lightly armored; and here's why.
If you consider yourself a "core" gamer you'd probably already put in some time with many of the cross-generational titles that were meant to beef up the next-gen launch window. Depending on whether you chose to grab one, or both, of the new kids on the block; you may have found yourself less than satisfied with the selection of titles available to you.
Considering the fact that PS4 had a paltry offering of three exclusive titles at launch (games ONLY found on PS4), including Resogun, the typically longer gaming sessions that come with shiny new game consoles didn't hold up for long. Now don't think I forgot Warframe and Blacklight: Retribution. The fact is that both of those titles were available elsewhere prior to the release of PS4. If you hadn't had the chance to dip your toes in the free-to-play goodness that Blacklight and Warframe offered PC gamers in the past, then you had a bit more content to sink your teeth into.
Even with several games to choose from, the fact that you've adopted PS4 in the very early going means you crave new and innovative content. Killzone: Shadow Fall easily set the graphical benchmark for the PS4 in its infancy, which could be considered innovative in some circles. On the other hand, Shadow Fall's visual appeal doesn't automatically translate into a lengthy experience. Mark Cerny's Knack offered little in the way of story, graphical prowess, or even gameplay; hardly a game your going to spend much time on.
With highly anticipated first party games like inFamous: Second Son and even DRIVECLUB (delayed from launch window) 30-90 days from release; its tough to imagine that early adopters are fully satisfied.
The saving grace of PS4 lies in the warm embrace of the indie game. Titles like Pinball Arcade, Zen Pinball 2, Doki-Doki Universe, Don't Starve and many others manage to provide a torrential downpour when needed. The question remains if Adam Boyes and his team will be able to wrangle enough indie talent to keep gamers satisfied between major PS4 releases.
There's no question about it, gamers that buy into new hardware early on always run the risk of facing software scarcity. It remains to be seen whether, or not the shallow river that currently comprises the PS4 game selection can become a raging tributary.
In the end I find myself thankful for PC gaming and Steam sales to keep me going during dry periods. The PS4 holds tremendous potential, and I've easily found it as my preferred next-gen console, but there's no doubt about it that I've found myself yearning for more content in the past few weeks.
Keep in mind that this is the opinion of a core gamer. Some people are completely satisfied buying one or two games per year, but that surely isn't me. If you share my view, how have you been dealing with the slow drip of new content?
It's been just over one month and you've played everything?!! You should probably get out more.
I've played all the exclusives. I have a full time job, a 4 year old, and a girlfriend. My side job (this) demands I play some video games from time to time. The point I was trying to make is that there's a next-gen drought already. Not talking about cross-gen or PC ports, PS4 exclusive content only.


text:
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Marcellene Joan Hultstedt Howland
GALESBURG - Marcellene Joan Hulstedt Howland of Galesburg passed on to join Raymond, the love of her life, on Monday, July 27, 2020, at the Knox County Nursing Home in Knoxville, surrounded by family. Marcy was born at home on the family farm near Woodhull, on Oct. 20, 1929, to Manfred and Margery Hulstedt. She was their only child and the only grandchild on her mother's side of the family. She attended Maple Ridge School, a one-room schoolhouse near her home, and graduated from Woodhull High School in 1947 as valedictorian. She then enrolled in the School of Nursing at Moline Public Hospital, where she made many lifelong friends before graduating as a registered nurse. While attending school, she met Raymond Marshall Howland of Galesburg, who was in the U.S. Navy at the time, at the "Rooftop Garden" in Galesburg. They married on Oct. 7, 1950, and lived in Galesburg while Ray finished his tour with the Navy and Marcy worked as an RN at Galesburg Cottage Hospital. Together, they had four children, Sherry Ellene (deceased), David Loren Howland, John Manfred Howland and Charles Duane Howland. Ray worked for the CB&Q Railroad and they farmed together with her father for many years. Ray retired as a carman from the BN in 1991. Marcy was a lifelong member of the JOH club and enjoyed cooking, canasta, bunco, fishing, traveling, gardening and volunteering at Trinity Lutheran Church. The family had many travel adventures over the years, and she and Ray continued to travel seeing the country and visiting the kids throughout their lives together. She especially enjoyed their trip to Hawaii. She was preceded in death by her parents, Manfred and Margery Hulstedt; her husband, Raymond; daughter, Sherry (and Perry Kirkpatrick); brothers-in-law John Richard Howland and Alfred Hayden; sisters-in-law Kathy (Howland) Pearcy and Betty (Hoxworth) Howland; and her stepmother, Hazel Hulstedt Erlandson. She is survived by her sister-in-law, Alpha Gay Hayden of Galesburg; their children David and Christine Howland of East Galesburg, John and Marilla Howland of Colville, Washington, and Charles and Laura Howland of Galesburg; as well as 13 grandchildren, William Kirkpatrick of St. Louis, Carrie Nava of Galesburg, Nick (and Mimi) Vuong-Howland of Garden Grove, California, Josh (and Elizabeth) Howland of Stanwood, Iowa, Jennifer Howland (and Shawn Demick) of Iowa City, Iowa, Sarah (and Andre) Anderson of Juneau, Alaska, Rachel (and Michael) Huggins of Cleveland, Brandon Garris of Colville, John Dustin (and Lindsay) Howland of Galesburg, Rachel Howland of Daytona Beach, Florida, Jason Howland of Daytona Beach, Zack (and Brandy) Gabbert of Auburn, Indiana, and Samantha (and Dustin Franklin) Gabbert of Galesburg. She is also survived by 20 great-grandchildren and many beloved nieces and nephews. By her request, she will be cremated, and due to COVID restrictions, there will be no funeral at this time; however, the family will hold a celebration of life to be announced at a later time. Schmidt-Haller Burial and Cremation Services is in charge of arrangements. Memorials may be made to Trinity Lutheran Church in Galesburg. Online condolences can be submitted to www.schmidthaller.com.
Schmidt-Haller Burial and Cremation Service
1625 W Candletree Drive Suite D


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Tag: Europa League
Liverpool 2 FK Rabotnicki 0
Europa League Qualifier – Result
FK Rabotnicki 0
Aggregate: 4-0
There was something of a pre-season or even testimonial feel to the game at Anfield last night, although there may well have been more people in the ground for a testimonial, but Liverpool's players had to make sure they didn't treat it like one and slip up.
As it was that wasn't very likely; Rabotnicki were underdogs playing without the spirit that underdogs usually bring to Anfield. David Ngog took his tally for the season to three, the other two having been scored against the same opposition, before earning the penalty that Gerrard converted to make it 2-0 on the night and 4-0 on aggregate.
Continue reading Liverpool 2 FK Rabotnicki 0
Posted on August 6, 2010 Author Categories NewsTags Europa League, News1 Comment on Liverpool 2 FK Rabotnicki 0
Rabotnicki 0 Liverpool 2
Europa League Qualifying (first leg)
Thursday, 29th July 2010
FK Rabotnicki Skopje 0
Liverpool 2 (Ngog 17, 59)
The Roy Hodgson era got underway in Macedonia with the new Liverpool boss taking charge of his first competitive game for the Reds.
FK Rabotnicki billed it as their "game of the century" and the pre-match mood of Roy Hodgson suggested he was feeling the pressure somewhat. But despite having so many of his squad unavailable due to a lack of fitness following their World Cup involvement Hodgson needn't have worried. The match squad included a large number of reserve and academy faces but in hindsight it gave the new boss a lot more information about the players on show than any pre-season friendly could have done.
A strong back-four had the promising and impressive Martin Kelly as the least experienced of the quartet, which also included Martin Skrtel, Soto Kyrgiakos and Daniel Agger. That trio had all been to South Africa, but had been deemed fit enough by the club's new medical team. Agger carried on where he'd ended last season, at full-back, with the club's only recognised left-back Emiliano Insua omitted from the travelling squad as he continued to negotiate with Fiorentina for a move away from Anfield. Pepe Reina was still on holiday meaning Cavalieri got a chance to put himself in the shop window with a quiet but confident outing between the sticks.
Jovanovic made his competitive debut for the Reds out wide on the left, with 19-year-old David Amoo playing right-wing. Jay Spearing started in midfield with Lucas – who was captain for the night and set up the opener for David Ngog. Alberto Aquilani played in an advanced role at the front of midfield.
On his own up front was Ngog, who scored both goals and impressed his manager not just with his goals but his all-round play on the night. Hodgson said: "Ngog has worked very hard in training and done very well in the pre-season games so far, I was pleased that he crowned his performance with two goals. I thought his target play, his general movement and his ability to keep the ball for us was also very good, but front players need goals and that will be a very big weight off his mind. Front players need goals, and he has got them, which means he can relax. He has shown us that he has the movement and touch, and quality. It will mean he doesn't have to worry too much about the coming matches."
Hodgson was happy with the result and the way his side performed: "I am very satisfied. It was a big crowd and some of our players that played are not used to big crowds. I was really pleased with the way everyone went about their business. It could have been very difficult for us, so we can go back to Anfield with a margin of victory which will enable us to feel a little more comfortable. I'm really pleased that we got through this test because they are an experienced European team, who can play some good football. I am encouraged by that.
"The players came into the game under pressure, and I am delighted it is a positive outcome and they can go back to Liverpool feeling good about themselves. You learn a lot about your team every time they play, and there were a lot of players out there who I need to learn about. Some of them I've hardly worked with, so it was a very good exercise for me in that respect.
"I'm pleased, but I am not going to come out and make statements on how wonderful this team is because we have a lot of good players to come back into the side. I came to the job knowing the situation, and the important thing is to put together a team that can match the expectation that surrounds this club. I don't think I've ever said the squad is in need of a major overhaul. What I want to do is add one or two players to the team – which is what Rafael Benítez would have wanted to do – but it is important we keep the nucleus of last season and those players who were, perhaps, just behind the first team last year.
"I am delighted so many players who were under pressure – either as senior players taking responsibility or younger players trying to make their mark – can leave feeling good about themselves. It was a very good exercise for me. You learn a lot about your players as people in situations like this. Of course we know where our best players are – we had 13 at the World Cup – but quite a few of the others showed they are not out of place at Liverpool, they deserve to be here and it will be a pleasure to work with them in the future.
"If we are going to have a good season in the Premier League, we will need the stars back in our midst, but I can also say that we've got players who are maybe not as well known who have done a good job, who have stepped in and got a great result in conditions that were not easy."
Although Hodgson stopped short of saying the tie was won, the result gives him the cushion to choose a side for the return leg that fits in better with his planning for the start of the league season and the visit of Arsenal to Anfield.
Rabotnicki (4-3-3): M Bogatinov – G Dimovski, Fernando Lopes, E Belica, V Sekulovski (sub: E Adem, 43min)— V Tunevski (sub: F Petkovski, 77), N Gligorov, G Todorovski – J Zé Carlos (G Mojsov, 57), Wandeir, Fabio Silva.
Subs not used: T Kandikijan, Marcio, Roberto Carlos, K Sinkovic.
Liverpool (4-4-1-1): D Cavalieri – M Kelly, M Skrtel, S Kyrgiakos, D Agger (S Darby, 72) – D Amoo (N Eccleston, 83) Lucas Leiva, J Spearing, M Jovanovic – A Aquilani (L Dalla Valle, 83) – D Ngog.
Subs not used: P Gulacsi, J Shelvey, D Ayala, T Ince.
Referee: A Damato (Italy).
Posted on July 29, 2010 July 31, 2010 Author Categories NewsTags Europa League, News
Rabotnicki v Reds: Roy's reign begins
The Roy Hodgson era gets underway in Macedonia as the new Liverpool boss takes charge of his first competitive game for the Reds.
FK Rabotnicki have billed it as their "game of the century" but with so many of the Liverpool squad having been involved in the World Cup Hodgson has been forced to put out a team including a large number of reserve and academy faces.
The back-four is a strong one, the promising Martin Kelly the least experienced of the quartet which includes Martin Skrtel, Soto Kyrgiakos and Daniel Agger. That trio all went to South Africa, but have been deemed fit enough by the club's new medical team. Agger looks set to carry on where he left off last season, filling in at full-back. With Emiliano Insua still being pushed towards the exit door for a move to Fiorentina (he's also had his squad number taken off him) Liverpool don't actually have a recognised left back. Pepe Reina is still on holiday meaning Cavalieri is the last line of the defence.
Jovanovic will make his competitive debut, probably on the left wing, with 19-year-old David Amoo getting a chance on the right. Jay Spearing will be alongside captain for the night Lucas in central midfield. Alberto Aquilani also starts, possibly in behind striker David Ngog.
Liverpool: Cavalieri, Agger, Kyrgiakos, Skrtel, Kelly, Jovanovic, Lucas, Spearing, Amoo, Aquilani, Ngog.
Subs: Gulacsi, Darby, Shelvey, Dalla Valle, Eccleston, Ayala, Ince.
Posted on July 29, 2010 July 29, 2010 Author Categories NewsTags Europa League, News14 Comments on Rabotnicki v Reds: Roy's reign begins


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I've always been someone who prefers books over films but that's not to say that I don't watch films at all. It was only in lecture today that I realised that the majority of films I watch are, surprise surprise, made by Disney. I do have favourite films that aren't Disney of course but the films I love the most, and that make me the happiest, are definitely those sprinkled with a little bit of pixie dust and Disney magic.
Inspired by this, I thought I'd share my top 5 favourite Disney films!
This film is my favourite Disney film, without a doubt. I've watched it so many times now I could probably quote the whole thing word for word. I only saw Tangled for the first time last year (I know, shocking) and I didn't expect much from it if I'm honest, I just thought it was going to be the typical tale of Rapunzel; she gets locked in a tower, lets down her hair bla bla bla (you know how it goes) but how wrong was I!? Everything about this film is perfect; the characters, the music and of course Flynn Rider! It warms my heart every time I watch it and I think it's one of the best films Disney have ever made. I could watch the lantern scene over and over again and never get bored.
You didn't think I was going to do a Disney post and not mention Peter Pan did you?
This film is the only film that is guaranteed to make me happy or calm me down if I'm having a bit of an anxious day. I can't put into words how much this film means to me; it brings back so many memories from my childhood, looking outside my bedroom window at night to see if Peter was going to come and say hello. The whole message of Peter Pan is wonderful, teaching kids to never grow up and that their imagination can take them to amazing places. It definitely has the best soundtrack which is guaranteed to make me shed a little tear.
Unpopular Opinion, but this film definitely had to appear somewhere in my top 5. It's a story about Melody, Ariel's daughter, who is trying to come to terms with her identity as a mermaid. I actually watched this before I watched the original and I always preferred it. I really don't think that it gets the credit that it deserves; Melody was one of my idols when I was growing up and I remember trying to act out scenes from the film with my Mum. If you haven't watched it yet then it's definitely one you need to add to your list!
I cannot watch this film without ending up in a puddle of my own emotional tears. It's guaranteed to make you shed a tear, even if you have the emotions of a brick wall. A hilarious comedy which teaches the importance of belonging and family; such a significant message. I don't know about you, but this film always made me want to visit Hawaii and be a hula girl like Lilo. I absolutely adore Stitch, he's such a little cutie and if I can find one then I would like to adopt one of my own!
I remember seeing this for the first time in the cinema and falling in love with it straight away. Similar to the Little Mermaid II, it's one of Disney's more underrated films but definitely one of the best. Giselle is one of the most lovable characters and the whole thing is just so well written, I could watch it over and over again and never get bored. Also, the part where Edward gets run over by the bikes is 100% guaranteed to make me laugh out loud. Like all Disney films, it's super heart warming and it needs more recognition than it gets. SHOW IT MORE LOVE!!
I hope you enjoyed reading through my top 5 Disney films and why I love them so much. Obviously I have so many more favourites and choosing 5 was super hard but I managed. I'd love to hear what your favourite films are so be sure to leave them for me in the comments!


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Home > Hemingway > 819
Hemingway in the Dirt of a Blood and Soil Myth
María DeGuzmán
Eby, Carl P. and Mark Cirino, eds. Hemingway's Spain: Imagining the Spanish World. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2016.
Treats Hemingway's identification of his Anglo-American heroes, Jake Barnes of The Sun Also Rises and Robert Jordan of For Whom the Bell Tolls, with the ideologically fascist infused "blood and soil" myth of 1920s and 1930s Spain. While Jake the tourist represents the instability of the first stage of the myth, Robert is the fully rooted and earth infused nonimpotent version of Jake in the second stage of the myth. Discusses at length the anti-Semitism and myth of the wandering Jew found in The Sun Also Rises.
Hemingway's Spain: Imagining the Spanish World


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A new year always means a new calendar!!! Have you gotten your 2014 Twilight calendars yet? I did!! I have 2!! Below are the details how which calendars are available and where you can order.
The one pictured above on the RIGHT is from NECA. This one is my FAVORITE!!! It's a beautiful calendar!
This one you can order from Amazon. The quantities were limited the last I checked so order soon.
The second calendar pictured above on the LEFT is from Dateworks (Trend International). This calendar has two different covers. I have only found one of the covers available to order online.
You can order this calendar from Calendars.com for $14.99. If you use the promo code NEWYEAR2014 you can save 15% off.
The cover that I have says "Twilight Forever" on it but the pictures featured each month are the same as the one above. I ordered this online MONTHS ago from Amazon but there was only one left when I looked today. It might already be gone by the time you read this.


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Vézaponin est une commune française située dans le département de l'Aisne, en région Hauts-de-France.

Géographie

Localisation

Urbanisme

Typologie
Vézaponin est une commune rurale. Elle fait en effet partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.

Par ailleurs la commune fait partie de l'aire d'attraction de Soissons, dont elle est une commune de la couronne. Cette aire, qui regroupe , est catégorisée dans les aires de  à moins de .

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des territoires agricoles (69,4 % en 2018), une proportion identique à celle de 1990 (69,4 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
terres arables (69 %), forêts (25,2 %), zones urbanisées (5,4 %), prairies (0,4 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Histoire

Politique et administration

Découpage territorial

La commune de Vézaponin est membre de la communauté de communes Retz-en-Valois, un établissement public de coopération intercommunale (EPCI) à fiscalité propre créé le  dont le siège est à Villers-Cotterêts. Ce dernier est par ailleurs membre d'autres groupements intercommunaux.

Sur le plan administratif, elle est rattachée à l'arrondissement de Soissons, au département de l'Aisne et à la région Hauts-de-France. Sur le plan électoral, elle dépend du  canton de Vic-sur-Aisne pour l'élection des conseillers départementaux, depuis le redécoupage cantonal de 2014 entré en vigueur en 2015, et de la quatrième circonscription de l'Aisne  pour les élections législatives, depuis le dernier découpage électoral de 2010.

Administration municipale

Démographie

Lieux et monuments

Église Saint-Laurent de Vézaponin

Personnalités liées à la commune

Voir aussi

 Communes de l'Aisne

Liens externes
 Vézaponin sur le site de l'Institut géographique national
 Vézaponin sur le site de l'Insee

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Vezaponin
Ville décorée de la croix de guerre 1914-1918
Aire urbaine de Soissons


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Tolkepaya (Tulkepaia, Tejunas, Western Yavapai, Zapadni Yavapai) su zapadni ogranak Yavapai Indijanaca (Swanton), odnosno mješavina Yavapaia, Mohava i Yuma (Hodge) nastanjenih u pustinjama i planinama zapadne Arizone kuda su lutali izmeđi Colorada i zemlje yavapaia sve do 1873. kada su preseljeni na rezervat Verde River, a 1875, (njih 500) na rezervat San Carlos. Oni sami sebe nazivaju Tolkepaya. Sastojali su se od bandi 1) Hakupakapa ili Inyokapa, u planinama sjeverno od Congressa; 2) Hakehelapa Wiltaikapaya s planina Harcuvar i Harquahala Mountains; 3) Haka-whatapa ili Matakwarapa, što življaše u La Pazu i Catle Domeu.

Ovi posljednji postali su poznati kao "red water people" zbog svojih čestih ljetnih odlazaka na rijeku Colorado. U ranim španjolskim izvorima nazivani su Tejunas.

Izvori

Indijanci, Arizona
Yavapai
indijanska plemena


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include_recipe 'optoro_consul::client'

directory '/etc/jmx_exporter' do
  owner 'root'
  group 'root'
  mode '0755'
end

cookbook_file '/etc/jmx_exporter/jmx_exporter.yaml' do
  source 'jmx_exporter.yaml'
  owner 'root'
  group 'root'
  mode '0644'
end

service 'jmx_exporter' do
  action [:disable, :stop]
end

cookbook_file '/etc/init/jmx_exporter.conf' do
  action :delete
  source 'jmx_exporter.init'
  owner 'root'
  group 'root'
  mode '0755'
end

consul_definition 'kafka-metrics' do
  type 'service'
  parameters(
    port: 7071,
    tags: [node['fqdn'], 'kafka'],
    enableTagOverride: false,
    check: {
      interval: '10s',
      timeout: '5s',
      http: 'http://localhost:7071/metrics'
    }
  )
  notifies :reload, 'consul_service[consul]', :delayed
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Remembering Christo (June 13, 1935 – May 31, 2020)
I was saddened to learn of the death of the artist Christo—whose iconic works around the world have delighted and awed millions of visitors. The Bulgarian-born conceptual artist and his wife and creative partner Jeanne-Claude created epic-scale works that involved transforming landscapes, buildings, and public spaces—taking decades to orchestrate each project. From the installation of The Gates in NYC's Central Park in 2005; the wrapping of the Pont Neuf in Paris and the Reichstag in Berlin; and the most recent Floating Piers in Northern Italy in 2016, the works of Christo create a sense of joy, spectacle, and an art experience not to be missed.
Andrew and Lasley Steever in NYC's Central Park during the installation of The Gates in 2005.
I was lucky to live in NYC and work at The Metropolitan Museum of Art when The Gates were installed in 2005. The Met staff was invited to hear lectures by Christo and Jeanne-Claude about their plans to install the monumental structures throughout the public park surrounding the museum, and I remember being so impressed by their passion and their conviction to bring this and other projects to fruition, despite the many years it took to mount each one. Every project, they explained, required decades of lobbying for approval by public officials, environmental impact studies, rallying public support, and the couple saw this as part of their artistic process. I also remember my surprise to learn that they accepted no grants or public funds to produce their work. All expenses were paid by the sale of Christo's drawings and models to collectors or museums. During the installation of The Gates, volunteers handed out small squares of the saffron fabric to visitors and I still have mine pinned to a bulletin board in my office.
The Gibbes Museum was fortunate to have multiple opportunities to engage with the artist, including bringing him to speak in Charleston in 2010, thanks to a personal connection with philanthropists and collectors Esther and Jim Ferguson. A precursor to our Distinguished Lecture Series, founded with the support of former Museum Board member Esther Ferguson, the lecture by Christo allowed Charlestonians to hear directly from the artist about his process and inspiration. The following year, a group of Gibbes Members traveled to NYC to celebrate the exhibition Grandeur Preserved: Masterworks Presented by Historic Charleston Foundation, about Charleston and its art at the 2011 Winter Antiques Show at the NYC Armory. One of the itinerary stops for our group was a visit to Christo's studio in lower Manhattan. It was amazing to be in the lair of such an unusual and inventive mind and the group was able to hear more about plans for future projects and see many of the drawings and models the artist used in his creative process.
Jim and Esther Ferguson with Christo in Charleston, 2010. Photo by Julia Lynn.
The work of Christo and Jeanne-Claude provokes curiosity, challenges traditional concepts of art, and inspires joy in the many millions who experience his works. In 2016, I realized that my family would be in Northern Italy during the installation of his most recent work, The Floating Piers. Determined not to miss the serendipitous opportunity, my husband and I, with our two-year-old son, ignored the warnings of all the local Italians who informed us it would be impossible given the record crowds to the tiny lake village. We found a friend of a friend with a permit to drive his car into the town center, otherwise closed to traffic, and hired him to take us there on the last day of the installation. Hundreds of thousands of people walked across the water on an undulating bridge and around the small island in the middle of Lake Iseo, all swathed in a bright orangish-yellow fabric. It was packed, and hot, and I constantly corralled my toddler to stop him from running off the big raft into the water, but it was magical.
In a 1958 letter, Christo wrote, "Beauty, science, and art will always triumph." I hold those words closely today. There is still one project—the wrapping of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris—which was first conceived in 1962 and is scheduled to go ahead in September 2021. I guess I know where I'll hope to be at that time next year.
Christo Vladimirov Javacheff, known as Christo, June 13, 1935 – May 31, 2020.
—Lasley Steever, Director of Education and Digital Engagement, Gibbes Museum of Art
Top Image: Visitors on The Floating Piers on Lake Iseo, Italy.
Katherine Dunlap and Antwon Ford now in the Art Sales Gallery
The Gibbes Museum of Art Unveils New Exhibition in Art Sales Gallery CHARLESTON, S.C., October 19, 2020 – The Gibbes Museum of Art is pleased to present a new exhibition…


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Trade war: Trump is back at the table with China
Sean O'Grady
@_SeanOGrady
Associate Editor of the Independent.
Trade. Tariffs. Talks collapsing before they begin. Politicians, diplomats and negotiators sniping at each other. No, not Brexit (just for a change) but the US-China trade war.
This is not a faraway dispute in lands of which we know little. It is something of great significance to every internationally open economy, such as Britain, which relies heavily on international trade to maintain its standard of living.
The China-US nexus is the key dual economic relationship on Earth today, obviously dwarfing the UK-EU spat. If China and the US had continued with their tit-for-tat imposition of tariff and quota barriers on trade it would have created a downward spiral for global growth that might have run out of control. As in the 1930s, when the great economic powers pursued competitive devaluation and protectionism, the US-China spat ran the severe risk of tilting the world into a protracted depression.
Good news, then: after almost a year of dispute, their trade war is coming to an end. And with that comes a fresh opportunity to "fix" the woeful economic relationship between the world's two largest economies: the United States and China.
Donald Trump meets the Chinese vice premier Liu He at the White House to put the finishing touches to a new deal between the superpowers. If successful, it should swiftly lead to a summit between Trump and Xi Jinping to sign everything off and enjoy a jolly nice banquet.
The profile of the deal is impressively simple. The Chinese contract to buy lots of American goods by 2025. Beijing is also supposed to allow US corporations more freedom to buy Chinese enterprises, rather than be restricted to non-controlling equity stakes and state-sanctioned joint ventures. The recent controversies surrounding software giant Huawei highlight how sensitive some sectors can be to such foreign interventions.
The deal will get Trump off China's back and see their growth tick up again with a boost to confidence. It will help Trump by creating US jobs, just as he promised in his 2016 election campaign. There are plenty of criticisms that can be made about the deal – it is effectively distorting market forces – and there are doubts about whether China will deliver too. But for now it is one of the few signs of hope on the global economic scene.
The Trump administration gambled, and at least partially won; it should be given some credit for that. It seems to have been a product of the typical Trump way of "negotiating" – start a fight, throw out some insulting tweets and then magnanimously offer to make peace. This must be the way to get ahead in the Manhattan real estate market. In any case, it is a big, beautiful deal the president has won.
It is too easily forgotten that the financial crash of 2008 and the global recession that followed had its origins in the incomprehensibly large trade deficits the Americans ran with China, and the correspondingly unfeasible quantity of US government debt that had been accumulated by the authorities in Beijing. These global imbalances fuelled the unsustainable lending practices of western banks, particularly into the property sector.
Behind that was a number of disputed factors, but undeniable was the simple reality that the Chinese were able to manufacture anything from smartphones and dog food to "Make America Great Again" baseball caps at considerably less cost than the US. Throw in a bit of currency manipulation – keeping the Chinese yuan down to ensure exports were competitive – and you have China's impressive growth record.
Now, though, the two sides have peered over the abyss of a potential decade-long economic war of attrition and drawn back from the brink. There is, perhaps, a lesson there for Brexit too.
Donald Trump Politics United States of America
Dems are playing right into Trump's stonewalling plan
President Donald Trump wasn't kidding a couple weeks ago when he said: "We're fighting all subpoenas." He was answering a question then about the House Judiciary Committee's demand for documents and testimony from former White House Counsel Don McGahn, who figured prominently in special counsel
Extending a Shakespearean hand of friendship
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The Paper Machete is a weekly show in Chicago, run by a couple of very awesome people I know–Christopher Piatt and Ali Weiss. From time to time (though not as often as I'd like), I help them out by recording the show for their podcast. This week, the Paper Machete was named "Best Comedy Variety Show" by the Chicago Reader.
Congratulations to Christopher, Ali, and all of the fantastic Chicago performers who have made the Paper Machete so amazing!
The Paper Machete happens every Saturday at 3pm at the Horseshoe at 4115 N. Lincoln Ave. It is FREE, and shows usually run around 90 minutes with one break. For more details, see the Paper Machete show news page.


Last week I attended a book launch for a friend in Delhi. One of the speakers, a journalist of national stature who was also the compere, during his speech began to compare the working style of the two prime ministers under whom he worked, one Manmohan Singh and the other Narendra Modi during travel.
He began by saying how the journalists and the media personnel accompanied the two prime ministers during their trips abroad. For the former he described how anyone and everyone would be included depending upon his or her closeness to the inner circle. He described the choicest food and the most expensive alcoholic drinks that flowed like water during the time the former prime minister travelled. He described how when a journalist would enter his room after checking in, an expensive bottle of black label would be waiting for him alongside with a note 'with best compliments' from the external ministry.
The two prime ministers have vastly different working styles, he shared. Manmohan Singh would work at the most half a day and for the rest half they would leave for sight seeing and even visiting nightclubs and tourist spots, all expenses paid for by the ministry, the matter being kept discreet.
A press room would be set up with the most exotic foods from around the world being made available and again expensive alcoholic drinks would be available for the asking. He said many of the journalists would pick up bottles and carry them to their room to be given as gifts later.
When the journey would end, they would be given a bottle of black label scotch as a parting gift along with many other freebies. The ostentation and gluttony reached its peak during the second term of Manmohan Singh, he added saying most of them vied to be as close to the Lutyens media as they could so that they could be included in each trip.
"And what did the journalists write during Manmohan Singh's time?" Someone next to me in the audience asked.
"They had to protect Manmohan Singh and project him as a good and honest man. And, well, they had a second agenda too, that was discreet." A woman who identified herself as a journalist in the audience said they all would go on such trips too for another reason. "We had to sing paeans and praises for the queen." The audience laughed out loud.
He was surprised at the question and looked straight at her, "Why only ask me?" he said, his eyebrows raised. "Where was the conscience of everyone? Where was the conscience of the nation?" saying this he walked away.
Two different leaders. Two different time periods. Two men with the responsibility of leading a nation. Yet the two periods are marked by sharp differences, sound unreal and Kafkaesque as different as night and day, one that we have survived. While the former bought off the voice of the fourth pillar by silencing them with greed, the other has distanced itself from it and is hated.
What the journalist said was that when the very conscience of our nation slept, why only a single individual should be asked to bear the responsibility for the collective failure of our conscience to speak up? But is that a valid line of argument?
Why did our conscience disappear for ten years? Did we kill it like Abhimanyu of Mahabharata encircling and forgetting what makes us human is our inner voice? Why did we as a nation, didn't raise our voice against injustice after injustice, wrongs that we saw committed in front of our eyes? Why is so our collective voice weak and doesn't make itself heard like a rule of law society should?
The choice to not support, to say 'no' to a wrong, to any evil is the last of the freedom as described by Victor Frankel in his book 'Man's search for meaning'. We can exercise it even when we may have reached the point where death is certain and life has stopped to offer any meaning. This freedom belongs to us as an individual, not to the collective and we must guard it. That is where we as people have to take it away from those who stole it from us.
When we lost our land, our religion, our culture to invaders, we also lost this last of the freedom to express. We also lost the awareness that we are its only keepers. We have come close to losing it again when we give power to those who think everything about Indians is up for sale including its conscience. Isn't it time we retrieve it? Will the future generations then ask us why did we sell our nation for something as cheap as a bottle of whiskey?


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