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Oncology/Hematology > Prostate Cancer
Metastasis-Directed Therapy May Delay ADT in Advanced Prostate Cancer
— Surgery or radiation delayed initiation of systemic therapy by 18 months
by Charles Bankhead, Senior Editor, MedPage Today November 29, 2022
Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) in selected patients with recurrent oligometastatic prostate cancer led to PSA responses in a majority of patients and delayed initiation of hormonal therapy by 18 months, a retrospective study showed.
Overall, 77 of 124 patients had PSA declines of more than 50% with surgery or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). In particular, surgery led to PSA responses in 80.5% of patients, and almost a third of patients remained progression free after 3 years.
The results showed that local treatment of oligometastatic prostate cancer without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is feasible and warrants prospective investigation of the strategy, reported Jack R. Andrews, MD, of the Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, and colleagues, in the Journal of Urology.
"To our knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the impact of MDT alone in solitary metastatic prostate cancer and is one of the largest studies to evaluate surgical and radiotherapy MDT in the absence of ADT," the authors said. "These results indicate that further investigation is needed to define the role of MDT in oligometastatic prostate cancer."
The findings add to those of prior smaller studies suggesting a beneficial effect of MDT in oligometastatic prostate cancer. A phase II randomized trial of 62 patients showed that those assigned to MDT with surgery or SBRT had improved outcomes and delayed initiation of ADT versus surveillance. In another small randomized study, 54 patients with oligorecurrent disease were managed by SBRT or surveillance, and the MDT group had improved outcomes.
A single-center retrospective analysis of almost 500 patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer showed that MDT with surgery or external beam radiation therapy led to better outcomes in patients with lymph node metastasis as compared with ADT but not in those with bony metastasis.
Similar evidence exists for other types of cancer. For example, a recent study in mutated non-small cell lung cancer showed that MDT led to "clinically meaningful" extension of targeted therapy after progression.
Historically, metastatic prostate cancer has been considered incurable, and the default treatment has been systemic therapy. The emergence of oligometastatic disease as an intermediate between localized and disseminated metastatic disease has led to a "seismic shift" in clinical thinking, suggesting some patients might be cured by a combination of local and MDT. Whether MDT without ADT has a role in advanced prostate cancer remains controversial, and results with MDT have been biased by inclusion of patients who received ADT, according to Andrews' group.
To examine MDT without ADT, investigators retrospectively identified 124 consecutive patients who had a solitary metachronous metastatic lesion identified by PET imaging and treated during 2008 to 2018. Patients with nodal metastases were treated with surgery (n=67). Patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy did not receive pelvic irradiation. Those with bony metastases, as well as a few with lymph node metastases, received SBRT (n=57).
The primary outcome was PSA response, defined as >50% decline from pre-MDT to 3-month follow-up. Biochemical progression after MDT was defined as a PSA level >0.2 ng/mL on two consecutive assessments. Radiographic progression was defined as any new lesion identified by PET imaging. Investigators defined ADT as conventional hormonal therapy, surgical castration, or second-generation antiandrogens.
MDT achieved PSA responses in 62% of the patients, 80.5% with surgery and 40.3% with SBRT. Among patients treated surgically, 31 (46%) had a complete response, 23 (34%) had a good response (PSA decline of 50%-99%), and six (9%) had a partial response (≤49%). In the SBRT group, 11 (19%) had a complete PSA response, 12 (21%) had a good response, and 19 (33%) had a partial response.
The 3-year biochemical PFS 17.9% with surgery and 12.3% with SBRT. Median time to radiographic progression was 14.9 months with surgery and 9.5 months with SBRT.
Surgery delayed initiation of ADT for 18.5 months and SBRT for 17.5 months. Delay in initiation of ADT ranged from 8.4 to 44.7 months. Patients treated surgically had a 3-year median PFS of 29% as compared with 17.0% with SBRT.
Study limitations included the inherent selection bias associated with retrospective studies, use of C-11 choline PET imaging versus standard PET, and selection of patients most likely to benefit from MDT.
"Despite the limitation, the results characterize the outcomes and highlight the role of MDT without ADT," the authors concluded. "Further high-quality, prospective studies are warranted to expand the selection criteria for MDT, define the roles of surgical and SBRT MDT, and assess the role of MDT in patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer."
Charles Bankhead is senior editor for oncology and also covers urology, dermatology, and ophthalmology. He joined MedPage Today in 2007. Follow
Andrews and co-authors disclosed relationships with Janssen Prostate Cancer Advisory Board, Novartis, Ferring, FerGene, ArTara, Decipher/Veracyte, and Bayer.
Source Reference: Andrews JR, et al "Metastasis-directed therapy without androgen deprivation therapy in solitary oligorecurrent prostate cancer" J Urol 2022; DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002898.


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Schubert's songs …
["Schubert at the piano", 1945, by Gustav Klimt]
Schubert is really the father of the lieder, writing 600 songs during a prolific career lasting less than 20 years (during which he also produced operas and symphonies, overtures and masses, string quartets, quintets and an octet, 20 piano sonatas and some 50 choral works).
The prolific song writer actually wrote 150 of these just in the year 1815, before he even turned 20 – including writing eight in one day in October of that year! The British tenor Ian Bostridge tells us that Schubert wrote songs in bursts, on the back of restaurant menus, when the mood took him, or when a particular poet's work seized him.
It may be interesting to know that Schubert was not a great singer himself but he knew many good singers (As for lawyer-singers, Schubert set the precedent of having nearly become a lawyer himself and so it's quite OK to have talent in more than one area!)
Most of the songs Schubert wrote were not published during his lifetime, and it was left to composers like Franz Liszt and the Schumanns, who admired Schubert's songs, to discover and champion them. Liszt, in particular, made piano transcriptions of some 60 of Schubert's songs (including 12 of the 24 songs in the Winterreise cycle) and helped popularize the then obscure works of Schubert by programming the Schubert song transcriptions in the salon concerts that Liszt was famous for in the 1830s. Here is Lazar Berman playing the Liszt transcription of Gretchen am Spinnrade (the same Schubert song as sung in the soprano clip below) with 4 others.
The first song we know that Schubert wrote was completed 3 months before his 18thbirthday, based on a text from none other than the great Goethe's Faust, and is still very well known today: here's one of our most favourite interpretations of Gretchen am Spinnrade (D.118) (Elisabeth Schwarzkopf with the incomparable Edwin Fischer in the piano part).
As for his final songs, they are grouped by his publisher into "Schwanengesang" (D.957), a set of 14 songs (some say 13) that were composed by Schubert during the last weeks of his life (a period when he also wrote his last 3 piano sonatas, amongst his most transcendent as well as the C major string quintet). Here's the last one, "Pigeon-post" (Taubenpost) sung by Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (with Gerald Moore on the piano).
On the publication of the first part of Winterreise, one of Schubert's most famous song cycles and written towards the end of his life, the Theaterzeitung (29 March 1828) commented:
Schubert has understood his poet with the kind of genius that is his own. His music is as naïve as the poet's expression; the emotions contained in the poems are as deeply reflected in his own feelings, and these are so brought out in sound that none can sing or hear them without being touched to the heart.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jan 36.6 F° 46.8 F° 56.9 F° 4.8 "
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Glasgow's Benefactors
Glasgow's George Square until 1900
As my home page states my blog is generally about people who have benefitted Glasgow in some way. This post however is about an area of Glasgow which in my view became central to Glasgow's growth and success since the beginnng of the nineteenth century. It has contained some of Glasgow's most important buildings and people and particularly for commerce, considered to be, arguably, the most prestigious address in the city.
According to the late Glasgow journalist Jack House, George Square is the heart of Glasgow.[1] It's not its geographical centre, that honour, according to the Guardian newspaper, goes to somewhere in Argyle Street, east of Central Station.[2] Nor is it located where the original religious settlement was established by St Mungo around 560 A.D.,[3] that occurred to the east of George Square on the banks of the Molendiner burn, roughly where the present Cathedral is sited.[4]
It was built on the lands of Ramshorn[5] which although originally owned by the church and part of the Glasgow See, were outside the burgh boundaries until the late 18th century.[6]
Figure I. Map of Glasgow 1560. From Early Glasgow by James Marwick 1911
In the Beginning.
The derivation of the name Ramshorn is obscure. In fact, it's possible its original name was Ramsholm, meaning a flat piece of land near a river. However, 'Ramshorn' provides for the better, if less factual, story. It involves a stolen, then beheaded sheep, the head turning to stone and sticking to the thief's hand, St Mungo forgiving the thief and miraculously relieving him of his extra appendage. The lands on which this event took place were thereafter known as the lands of Ramishorne.[7]
St Mungo is said to have died around 601. The history of the See is for some time after, obscure, although there appears to have been a series of wars involving Picts, Scots, Danes and others which destroyed all traces of the church and had 'reduced them (the inhabitants) to that state of barbarity which we find them living in at the time that David, prince of Cumbria re-founded the See, A.D.1115.'[8]
David was the son of King Malcolm III of Scotland and his second wife Margaret. He was made Prince of Cumbria by his brother Edgar and became king of Scotland in 1124 on the death of his brother Alexander I.[9]
Figure 2. King David I of Scotland. http://www.britroyals.com
He was very keen to re-establish ecclesiastical jurisdictions and in 1115 he re-constituted the See of Glasgow, appointing John Achaius as bishop.[10] Between 1116 and 1121 he held an inquest into the Church's ancient temporal possessions and restored them.[11] Ramshorn is not listed in the Notitia,[12] possibly meaning that it was a sub division of a possession, or that it was never within the original See.
Figure 3. King Alexander II of Scotland. http://www.britroyals.com
In 1241 King Alexander II issued a charter to the Bishop of Glasgow, William de Bondington[13] granting to him and his successors, lands around Glasgow which included Rammishoren. The lands were to be 'held forever in free forest, forbidding anyone to cut wood or hunt therein without their license'. Perhaps Alexander was clarifying a situation because of the pressure being exerted by the burghs of Rutherglen and Dumbarton on Glasgow with respect to collecting tolls and trade;[14] or this could have been the first formal grant of Ramshorn to the church.
In a King James IV charter of 1494, the lands of Ramshorn are described as 'terras domini epicopi Glasguensis que appellantur Rammyshorne' (land of the Bishop of Glasgow and called Ramshorn).[15] Thereafter Ramshorn remained part of the Glasgow See until post Reformation times.
The 16th Century.
In the 16th century the Heriot family of Midlothian became rentallers of the Archbishop of Glasgow. In 1518 Allan Heryot is recorded as rentaller of the '33s.4d lands of Ramys Horne and Medwflat,'[16] the latter being situated to the west of Ramshorn, the two areas being divided by Cow Loan, which is today's Queen Street.[17] By 1545 he had been succeeded by his brother Robert of Lumphoy, of the parish of Currie near Riccarton.[18] Robert married Helen Swinton and had two daughters the eldest of whom, and his heir, was Agnes.[19] He in turn rented out the property to Arthur Sinclair and then to M. Hendry Sinclair in 1555.[20] After Robert's death his widow married Edward Henryson[21] both becoming rentallers of the property in 1558, to be followed by Agnes Heriot and her husband James Foulis of Colinton, Sheriff of Lothian, in 1566.[22] [23]
In 1587 the temporal lands, offices, and regalities of Scotland's prelacies and benefices were annexed to the crown by King James VI. Following that the King granted in feu to William Stuart, Commendator of Blantyre, all the 'lands and Barony of Glasgow, city and burgh of regality which …..in anytime passed belonged to the Archbishops of Glasgow', included in which was 'Rammishorne'.[24] During 1588 Walter feud Ramshorn and Meadowflat to James Foulis (d. 1610)[25] and his wife Agnes (d.1595)[26].
The background to these changes was the Scottish Reformation. There was both religious and political upheaval in Scotland during most of the 16th century which challenged the established religion and the long-standing relationship Scotland had with France.[27] One of the consequences of these issues was the removal of lands from the church's control, although it was not until 1688, when Episcopalian authority was finally abolished,[28] that the church had no further say in the disposition of land.
Ramshorn changed hands several times in the next twenty years with James Foulis disposing of it in 1597 to the Laird of Blair; he then sold it to Sir David Cunningham of Robertland in 1606, with his successor, Sir Frederick Cunningham, selling it to George Hutcheson of Lambhill in 1609.[29]
The Hutcheson family and their in-laws, the Hills, were to retain the property for the next eighty five years.[30]
The Hutcheson and Hill Families.
Figure 5. Thomas Hutcheson Statue on the frontage of the Hutcheson's Hospital building in Ingram Street. George Manzor.
Figure 4. George Hutcheson Statue on the frontage of the Hutcheson's Hospital building in Ingram Street. George Manzor.
George Hutcheson was the son of Thomas Hutcheson of Lambhill and Gairbraid, and his wife Helen Herbertson. He was a public notary and along with his brother Thomas, who was clerk to the Register of Sasines of the Regality of Glasgow, established funds in 1639/1640 for the building of Hutcheson's Hospital for destitute old men[31]. Thomas, after his brother's death on 31 December 1639 continued to support the hospital and on 16th March 1641 laid its foundation stone.
In the same year he provided funds for the 'maintenance and education of twelve indigent male orphans'[32], the school that he set up being in existence today as Hutchesons' Grammar.[33] Both brothers died without issue, (Thomas on 1st September 1641), resulting in their estates going to their three sisters' male offspring[34] the most well known being those of their youngest sister Helen.
She married Ninian Hill of Garioch, (c.1593-1623), a merchant burgess of Glasgow, about 1609 and had several children a number of whom were legatees of George Hutcheson, including a son, also called Ninian who was his father's heir as the only surviving son of five.[35] He was baptised on 10th July 1621, one of his godfathers being George Hutcheson. He married twice, firstly to Margaret Craufurd, a marriage contract being signed on 31st March 1654, who died without offspring. He then married Jean Caldwell (about 1659) with whom he had 5 children including a son also called Ninian.[36]
On Thomas Hutcheson's death the lands of Ramshorn and Meadowflat passed to Ninian (the second), through his mother Helen Hutcheson. The area of the Ramshorn Croft at that time was given as 20 acres two roods.[37] He died around 1683 at which time his son Ninian (the third) succeeded to Ramshorn and Meadowflat although it took until 1686 for title to be legally established.[38]
He married Mary Crauford in 1685, a marriage contract being signed on 31st July 1685.[39]
Figure 6. Contract of Marriage between Ninian Hill and Mary Crauford 1685. From The Early Records of an Old Glasgow Family by William Henry 1902.
They had ten children, and he was the last of the Hill family to own Ramshorn and Meadowflat, selling it on 14th May 1694 to the 'Magistrates of Glasgow behoof of Hutchesons' Hospital for the price of 20,300 merks.' (£13,533 6s 8d Scots or £1127 15s 6d stg.).[40]
The purchase however was not straight forward, nor did the magistrates actually purchase the lands at this time. Provost Napier and his Baillies supported the purchase (mainly because they did not want Ninian Hill to sell to anyone else)[41] which was to be equally funded by the Hutcheson hospital patrons, and the Merchants and Trades Houses. There were however conditions laid down by the magistrates attached to that support, a key one being that no improvement could be made to the land which would prejudice the Burgh of Glasgow. Additionally, if permission was granted any buildings should be possessed only by burgesses and freeman of Glasgow.[42]
The Merchants and Trades Houses did not accept these conditions, withdrew from the purchase, and were reimbursed by the hospital patrons who, by order of the magistrates, became liable for all costs and duties attached to the transaction.[43]
New Town.
The Ramshorn lands had for hundreds of years been used for agricultural purposes. In the 17th century it had been let out to crofters and gardeners by Hutchesons however it appears not to have been very productive as its tenants in 1703 petitioned the owners for a reduction in their rent.[44] Around 1740, the George Square area was described as a marsh[45] and later on, as a large 'howe' or hollow filled with green water.[46]
That was to change. On 12th May 1772 the civic leaders decided to buy Ramshorn and Meadowflat from Hutchesons. A price of £2020 was agreed and on 27th December 1772 the contract of sale concluded.[47] The council also decided to procure an Act of Parliament to annex the lands within the burgh boundaries,[48] which was passed in 1800.[49] There seems no doubt that for some considerable time the leaders of Glasgow had the purchase of these lands in mind to make the burgh a more cohesive unit and to permit its expansion westwards.
The square was laid out in 1781 with little initial activity.[50] By 1804 it had buildings on each side which were being described as 'elegant, particularly those on the north (side).[51] An influential figure in this development was Dugald Bannatyne, a stocking weaver, who along with Robert Smith Jr. and John Thomson formed the Glasgow Building Company,[52] which although their operation was speculative, was able to attract through Bannatyne and his relationship with Thomson's brother in law, an English stocking weaver called Johnston, English capital to fund their venture.[53]
Bannatyne had his warehouse in Ingram Street, was appointed Post Master General in 1806 and became secretary to the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce from 1809 to 1830.[54]
Figure 7. Map of Glasgow showing Development of George Square. By kind permission of the publishers. Kellet, John R. (2002) 'Property Speculators and the Building of Glasgow, 1780-1830.' In: Pacione, Michael, ed. The City: The City in Global Context. London: Routledge. p.77.
The sum raised was £120,000, including £20,000 from John Thomson's father. Between January and November 1787 Robert Smith Jr. agreed feu contracts with the Burgh which included all of the north, east, and west sides of the square, total area being c.16147 square yards costing £1063 plus annual feus totalling c.£45.[55] Building costs between 1786 and 1796 took up the rest of the capital, the development being referred to as the New Town.[56] The south side of the square, approximately 2300 square yards, was purchased by William Shortridge for £347 11s and an annual feu of £7 7s 6d.[57]
Figure 8. Copy of 1788 Feu map made in 1913. By Permission of Glasgow City Archives. Reference LK1/9.
By 1824 the Square was surrounded by buildings that were a mixture of residences and business premises, as can be seen from the following small sample taken from 'George Square, Glasgow' by Thomas Somerville.[58]
62: William Dunn's Counting House.
North East corner: The Misses Alexander of Ballochmyle
South East Corner: The George Hotel
36: James Ewing and Co., sugar traders.
34: William Forlong, wine merchant.
The most well known of the above is James Ewing. He was born in 1775, went to Glasgow University with the expectation that he would become a lawyer. However, he become an agent for sugar plantations in Jamaica establishing James Ewing and Co. which grew rapidly and was extremely successful. Along with others he founded the Glasgow Bank in 1809 and in 1815 established the first Savings bank in Glasgow, its purpose being to encourage saving amongst the working class. He became Dean of Guild of the Merchants House in 1816 and again in 1831, was Chairman in 1818/19 of the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce and in 1832 became the city's Lord Provost. He also became one of Glasgow's two MPs in the same year remaining so until 1835.
In 1820 James Wilson, a weaver from Strathaven was charged with high treason following several riots in the city (the so called Radical War of 1820). Young was on the jury and was appointed Chancellor (foreman). Wilson was found guilty which verdict Ewing had to deliver to the court. He also recommended the prisoner to the mercy of the Crown; to no avail as he was hung and beheaded.[59]
Ewing died in 1853, bequeathing £31,000 to the Merchants House,[60] in today's terms equating to over £3m based on RPI changes. When considering relative income values that figure increases to just under £33m.[61]
In 1842 the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company opened a rail link between Queen Street and Haymarket in Edinburgh, which was the catalyst for hotels being established and the Square becoming known as the hotel centre of Glasgow.[62]
In 1804 there was one inn, the George, located at 18 George Square.[63] By 1852 the number of hotels in the Square had increased to 10 reflecting Glasgow's growing commercial and business activity, and improving transport links.[64] At number 39 was Cranston's Hotel, owned by George Cranston,[65] father of Kate and Stewart Cranston, pioneers of Glasgow tearooms.[66]
Figure 9. Advertisement for George Cranston's Hotel from PO Directory 1852-53. https://www.nls.uk
By 1900 that number had reduced to two, the North British Station Hotel at no.40, which was an amalgam of the old Queens, Wellington and Globe hotels, and the Royal at no. 50/51.[67]
The hotels in the square in 1852 were as follows:[68]
Figure 10. Hotels in George Square 1852. From Glasgow's Treasure Chest by James Cowan. 1951. Glasgow: Craig & Wilson Ltd.
25 George Square: The Crow Hotel, proprietor James Dickson
33 George Square: The Waverly Hotel, proprietor Mrs. Crawford.
39 George Square: The Edinburgh and Glasgow Hotel, proprietor George Cranston.
45 George Square: The Globe Hotel, proprietor William Stimpson.
76 George Square: The Star Hotel, proprietor, Peter McDonald.
70 George Square: The Queens Hotel, proprietor, James McGregor.
66 George Square: The Royal Hotel, proprietor William Carrick.
26 George Square: The George Hotel, proprietor Robert McNaughton.
1 North Queen Street: The New Royal Hotel, proprietor George Comrie.
7 North Queens Street: The North British Hotel, proprietor Francis Josez.
By 1881/82 William Burrell and Sons had their offices at 54 George Square and Young's Paraffin Oil Company was located at 30 George Square.[69]
Burrell's activity needs no explanation here but the latter company, perhaps lesser well known, was responsible for establishing the world's first oil refinery in 1865 which was located near Bathgate.
The company was set up by chemist James Young, one time assistant to Thomas Graham at Anderson's Institute in Glasgow. Around 1848 at a Derbyshire coal mine he realized that oil could be extracted from coal by heating it. In due course he developed distillation processes which produced paraffin oil, naptha, lamp oil and lubricating oil.
This was the beginning of oil refinery earning him the nickname of 'Paraffin' Young and being described as the father of the oil industry. It's interesting to note that some years before oil was being extracted from wells in Texas, Young's process was producing 'refined' oil from coal or shale to a world-wide customer base.
He was a friend of the missionary David Livingstone whom he met whilst studying at Anderson's and supported financially many of Livingstone's African expeditions. He also supported the anti-slavery movement financially and was responsible for the erection of the statues of his great friends David Livingstone and Thomas Graham, in George Square. He died age 72 in 1883.[70]
The City Chambers et al.
Between 1865 and 1888 three sides of the square were to be transformed with the building of the City Chambers (east), the Bank of Scotland and the Merchant's House (west) and the General Post Office (south).
Figure 11. The City Chambers c.1890. From George Square, Glasgow by Thomas Somerville. 1891.
Figure 12.© All rights reserved. Building News 3 January 1890. http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/
Arguably the most important of these was the City Chambers. In 1877 Glasgow decided to build new municipal buildings, the site required being compulsory purchased for £173,000.[71] A competition was held in 1882, the winning design chosen from over 150 applicants was that of William Young of London who had been born in Paisley in 1843.[72] Young had early in his career worked with the architect W.N. Tait of 22 Hope Street, Glasgow before moving to Manchester then to London in 1865.[73]
The cost of build was not to exceed £250,000, in the event £552,028[74] was spent. The foundation stone was laid on 6th October 1883 by Provost John Ure[75] and in August 1888, Queen Victoria performed the formal opening.[76]
The Bank of Scotland building was designed by John Thomas Rochead in the Italian Renaissance palazzo style in 1867. The building was completed in 1870, not by Rochead who had become ill, but by David Bryce, who had designed the bank's head office in Edinburgh. Rochead retired from business at this time, his practise being taken on by John Honeyman.[77]
Figure 13. The Bank of Scotland and The Merchants House Buildings c.1885. From George Square, Glasgow by Thomas Somerville. 1891.
The adjacent Merchants House was designed by John Burnet in 1874 and completed in 1877. By prior agreement both the bank and the new Merchants building conformed to a similar style despite being built at different times and designed by different architects. It originally consisted of three stories, however that was changed in 1907/08 when a further two stories were added, the architect this time being Sir John James Burnet the son of the original architect.[78]
Postal Services in Glasgow had been problematic for some mainly due to capacity issues. This led to the first GPO being built in the Square in 1856. It had been planned in 1852 but took four years to be built and opened. In the meantime, the Merchants House in 1853 bought property adjacent to the proposed site, anticipating that at some future time the GPO would be expanded as commerce and demand grew.
That is exactly what happened. In 1871 the postal authorities were ready to extend the existing building which resulted in them buying the Merchants House property for £27,000.
Figure 14. The GPO c. 1885. From George Square, Glasgow by Thomas Somerville. 1891.
The extension was begun in 1876 and completed by 1879.[79] This involved some demolition of the existing structure it would appear, which had been designed by architect William Burn, the new build activity architect being Robert Matheson of H.M. Office of Works architectural practice.[80]
All these buildings, which are 'A' listed, exist today, two have changed purpose, the GPO building being converted to flats and the Bank of Scotland now a J.D Weatherspoon establishment called The Counting House.
The Statues.[81]
Any self-respecting civic Square has statues and George Square has an abundance. By 1900 there were twelve, commemorating an eclectic range of individuals which included the hero of a war, two poets, an engineer and equestrian royalty. The first was erected in 1819 and is of Sir John Moore, the last was of David Livingstone and was erected in 1879.[82] The statues were as follows:[83]
Sir John Moore, soldier. Hero of Corunna died in battle 1808. Statue by John Flaxman (1755-1826), erected in Square on 16th August 1819.
James Watt, Statue by Sir Francis Leggat Chantrey (1781-1841) and erected in 1832.
Sir Walter Scott, Statue designed by John Greenshield and made by Handyside and Ritchie. Erected 1837.
Sir Robert Peel, politician. Statue by John Mossman (1817-1890), erected 28th June 1859.
Queen Victoria. Her statue was sculpted by Carlo Marochetti (1805-1867) and was originally erected in St Vincent Place in 1854. It was removed to George Square 2nd March 1865.
Prince Albert. His statue was also by Marochetti and was erected in the Square on 18th October 1866.
Lord Clyde, soldier. Statue by John Henry Foley (1818-1874), erected on 5th August 1868.
Thomas Graham, chemist. Statue by William Brodie (1815-1881), erected on 6th June 1872.
James Oswald, politician. Statue by Marochetti which was originally erected in Sandyford Place. Erected in George Square on 26th July 1875.
Robert Burns, Statue by George Edwin Ewing (1828-1884). Erected on 25th 1877.
Thomas Campbell, Statue by John Mossman erected on 29th December 1877.
David Livingstone, missionary. Statue by John Mossman erected on 29th December 1877. In 1960 the statue was moved to Cathedral Square, then again in 1990 to an adjacent site within Cathedral Square.
From a swamp to the centre of the second city of an empire, such was the transformation of George Square. The change from Church and feudal landowner governance to Presbyterianism which resulted in a different, more democratic form of church and civic government; the American colonies opening to Scotland after the Act of Union in 1707, and the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, all presented opportunities which Glasgow exploited to the full. George Square became a manifestation of Glasgow's successful leadership and participation in these changes.
[1] House, Jack (1972) The Heart of Glasgow. 2nd ed. London: Hutchinson. p.141.
[2] The Guardian. (2018) Think you know where your city centre is? Guess again. 23 February 2018. https://www.theguardian.com
[3] Gibson, John (1777) The History of Glasgow: From the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time. Glasgow: Robert Chapman and Alex. Duncan. p.1.
[4] Marwick, Sir James D., and Renwick, Robert ed. (1911) Early Glasgow: A History of the City of Glasgow from the Earliest Times to the Year 1611. Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons. p.7
[5] Hill, William Henry (1902) The Early Records of an Old Glasgow Family. Glasgow: Glasgow University Press. p.92. http://www.books.google.co.uk
[6] MacGregor, George (1881) The History of Glasgow: from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison. p.73, 276
[7] MacGregor, op. cit. p.16.
[8] Gibson, op.cit. pp. 7-9.
[9] Royal Family History. King David I of Scotland (1124 – 1153). http://www.britroyals.com
[10] Gibson, op.cit. pp.7-9.
[11] Gibson, op.cit. pp.261-265.
[12] Gibson, op. cit. pp. 15, 16
[13] Marwick, Sir James D. Marwick. ed. (1897) Charters and other Documents relating to the City of Glasgow A.D. 1175-1649-Part 1: Abstract of Charters and Documents relating to the City of Glasgow. Glasgow: Scottish Record Society. p.5.
[14] Marwick, op.cit. pp. 12-14. https://archive.org/stream/chartersandothe00renwgoog#page/n8
[15] MacGeorge, Andrews (1880) Old Glasgow; The Place and the People. From the Roman Occupation to the Eighteenth Century. Glasgow: Blackie and Son. pps. 157,158.
[16] The Regality Club. (1889) The Regality Club 1st Series. Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons. p109, 110. Glasgow: Mitchell Library, reference LK5/2018.
[17] Ibid. pps. 109,113.
[18] Paul, George M. (1896) 'Fragment of the Diary of Sir Archibald Johnston, Lord Wariston'. In: Paul, George M., Howden, Charles R. A., Erskine, Stuart, and Mcphail, J. R. N. eds. The Diary of Sir Archibald Johnston, Lord Wariston.1639. Edinburgh: Scottish History Society. p.4 notes. http://www.archive.org
[20] The Regality Club. (1889) The Regality Club 1st Series. Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons. p109. Glasgow: Mitchell Library, reference LK5/2018.
[21] Paul, op.cit. p.4.
[23] Testamentary Records, Scotland. 18 December 1612. FOULIS, James, of Colinton. Testament Testamentar and Inventory. Edinburgh Commissary Court. CC8/8/46. http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk:
[24] Marwick, Sir James D. Marwick. ed. (1894) Charters and other Documents relating to the City of Glasgow. A.D. 1175-1707 Part 2. Glasgow: Scottish Record Society. p.216. https://archive.org/stream/chartersotherdoc12glas#page/n11
[26] Testamentary Records. Scotland. 26 February 1595. HERIOT, Agnes. Testament Dative and Inventory. Edinburgh Commissary Court. http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk:
[27] Scottish History Society. The Scottish Reformation 1525-1560. http:/www./scottishhistorysociety.com:
[28] Keith, Robert. A Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops down to the year 1688. Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute. p.310. http://www.books.google.co.uk:
[29] Grant, Francis J. The Commissariat Record of Glasgow: Register of Testaments 1547-1800. Edinburgh: James Skinner and Co.
[31]MacGregor, op.cit. pp.212-214.
[33] Hutcheson Grammar School. History. http://www.hutchesons.org:
[34] MacGregor, op.cit. pp.212-214.
[35] Hill, William Henry (1902) The Early Records of an Old Glasgow Family. Glasgow: Glasgow University Press. pp.36-38. National Library of Scotland. License: CC-BY-NC-SA. http://digital.nls.uk/histories-of-scottish-families/archives/95565933.
[36] Hill, op.cit. pp.67-72
[37] Hill, op.cit. p.91
[38] Hill, op.cit. p.106
[39] Hill, op.cit. p. 111
[40] Hill, op.cit. pp. 105,127
[41] Records of the Burgh of Glasgow. (1908) Extracts from Records of the Burgh of Glasgow, A.D.1691-1717. Glasgow: Scottish Burgh Records Society. pps. 213,214. Glasgow: Mitchell Library, reference LK1/5.
[42] The Regality Club. (1889) The Regality Club 1st Series. Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons. p110-113. Glasgow: Mitchell Library, reference LK5/2018.
[44] Somerville, Thomas. (1891) George Square, Glasgow and the lives of those whom its statues commemorate. Glasgow: John M. MacKinlay. p.11.
[45] House, op.cit. p.148.
[46] Senex, Aliquis, J.B. etc. (1884) Glasgow Past and Present. Vol.1 Glasgow: David Robertson and Co. p. 523.
[47] Renwick, Robert. ed. (1907) Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Glasgow, with Charters and other Documents. A.D. 1760-1780. Vol. VII. Glasgow: Corporation of Glasgow. p. 378, 391,392,650. Glasgow: Mitchell Library, reference LK1/8.
[48] Renwick, op.cit. p. 393.
[49] Renwick, Robert. ed. (1907) Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Glasgow, with Charters and other Documents. A.D. 1796-1808. Vol. IX. Glasgow: Corporation of Glasgow. p. 686. Glasgow: Mitchell Library, reference LK1/10
[50] Foreman, Carol. (2007) Glasgow Street Names. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd. p.77.
[52] Kellet, John R. (2002)' Property Speculators and the Building of Glasgow, 1780-1830.' In: Pacione, Michael, ed. The City: The City in Global Context. London: Routledge. p.79.
[54] Stewart, George (1881) Curiosities of Glasgow Citizenship. Glasgow: James Maclehose. p175. http://www.archive.org:
[55] Renwick, Robert. ed. (1913) Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Glasgow, with Charters and other Documents. A.D. 1796-1808. Vol. VIII. Glasgow: Corporation of Glasgow. pp. 644,652,653,665. Glasgow: Mitchell Library, reference LK1/9
[56] Kellet, op.cit. p.79.
[57] Renwick, Robert. ed. (1913) Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Glasgow, with Charters and other Documents. A.D. 1796-1808. Vol. VIII. Glasgow: Corporation of Glasgow. pps. 645,646. Glasgow: Mitchell Library, reference LK1/9
[58] Somerville, op.cit. pp. 22-26.
[59] The Friends of Glasgow Necropolis. James Ewing of Strathleven. https://www.glasgownecropolis.org/profiles/james-ewing-of-strathleven/
[60] 1866. Merchant's House of Glasgow. Glasgow: Bell & Bain. p.590.
[61] Measuring Worth (2016). https://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/ukcompare/
[62] Foreman, op.cit.
[63] Directories. Scotland. (1804) Glasgow Directory. Glasgow. p.48. http://www.archive.org/stream/glasgowdirectory1804:
[64] Directories. Scotland (1852) Post Office annual Glasgow Directory. Glasgow: William MacKenzie. pps. 375, 526. http://www.archive.org/stream/postofficeannual185152: accessed 25 November 2014.
[66] Kinchin, Perilla (2004) 'Catherine Cranston (1849-1934).' In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/56587: accessed 28 November 2014.
[67] Directories. Scotland. (1900). Post Office annual Glasgow Directory. Glasgow: William MacKenzie. p.760.
[68] Directories. Scotland (1852) Post Office annual Glasgow Directory. Glasgow: William MacKenzie. pps. 375, 526. http://www.archive.org/stream/postofficeannual185152:
[69] Directories. Scotland. (1881). Post Office annual Glasgow Directory
[70] Terry Stewart. James 'Paraffin' Young. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/James-Paraffin-Young/
[71] Somerville, op. cit. pp. 50-52.
[72] Dictionary of Scottish Architects. William Young. http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk
[74] Urban Glasgow. Archives: Glasgow City Chambers. http://www.urbanglasgow.co.uk
[76] Foreman, op.cit. p.2.
[77] Dictionary of Scottish Architects. John Thomas Rochead and David Bryce. http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk
[78] Milligan, Susan (2004) The Merchants House of Glasgow. Glasgow: The Merchants House of Glasgow..p.133
[79] Milligan, op.cit. pp.114,115.
[80] Dictionary of Scottish Architects. Glasgow General Post Office. http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk
[81] Somerville, op.cit. pp. 63-295.
[83] Glasgow City of Sculpture. Biographical Searches http://www.glasgowsculpture.com
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Plant Rupp. See What Good Yields.
Vegetables has you covered from A to Z.
For three generations, Rupp has been providing high-performing seed products to farms big and small—from community farms to large commercial grain production in more than 48 states and a dozen countries. Each farmer we serve is working to help feed neighbors and friends at home and around the world—and we think that's a very good thing. Find the products that are right for your farm and then let's grow some good together.


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Home Environment Page 3
All-Russian Competition for Landscaping to Receive Additional Funding
Russian Businesses Seek Exemption From Environmental Laws Amid Pandemic
Russia Should Impose Carbon Tax, World Bank Says
First Water Treatment Plant to be Built in Krasnoyarsk Region
Construction of a water treatment plant in the Arctic town of Khatanga (the Krasnoyarsk Region) will begin in 2020 under the Pure Water national project, the region's Minister of Industry, Energy and Housing Services Yevgeny Afanasyev told reporters on Friday, TASS informs. In five years, under the Pure Water federal...
Russia Could Restrict Lumber Exports to China to Protect Forests
Russia could temporarily restrict lumber exports to China due to the issues of forest reproduction and destruction, the country's Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Dmitry Kobylkin said during the 'government hour' at the Federation Council (upper house of parliament) on Wednesday, according to Realnoe Vremya. "China is the main...
Mishustin, Mitsotakis Discuss Wildfires by Phone
The Russian Cabinet of Ministers' press service reported that Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin and his Greek counterpart Kyriakos Mitsotakis spoke by phone on Monday about the battle against wildfires, trade and economic cooperation, and COVID-19. Trade and economic collaboration between Russia and Greece as well as the coronavirus were...
WWF Deems Russia's Far East Pollution 'Highly Toxic'
Conservation group WWF said on Monday that unexplained toxic pollution off Russia's far eastern coast was likely caused by a highly soluble substance as officials played down the scale of the problem and suggested it was not man-made, Reuters reported. Greenpeace raised the alarm last week over what it said...
Hundreds of Endangered Seals Mysteriously Found Dead on Shores of Russia's Caspian Sea
Disturbing images have emerged after 272 endangered Caspian seals were found washed up on the beaches of Dagestan. The mammal can only be found in the world's largest inland body of water, which borders five Eurasian countries, RT reported. According to Rosrybolovstvo, the Federal Agency for Fishery, 272 carcasses were...
Russia Courts Indian Investors for Far East Rare-earth Mining
Indian companies IREL (Erstwhile Indian Rare Earths Ltd) and KABIL (Khanij Bidesh India Ltd) are looking into rare-earth elements projects in Russia, the country's Far East Investment and Export Agency has said, according to Interfax. A Russian delegation presented perspective projects that could be implemented in the remote Far Eastern region and...
Protest Erupts over Moscow Government's Waste Management Plan
Plans by the government of Russia's Moscow Region to send its trash to poorer — and often pristine — northern areas have led thousands of protesters to rally in more than a dozen Russian cities and towns, The Associated Press reports. The biggest protests against the waste management plans were...
Russian Miners Becoming More Transparent about Environment, WWF Says
Russian mining companies are doing a better job at reporting their efforts to mitigate environmental impacts and protect their natural surroundings, says the 2019 Environmental Transparency Rating of Mining and Metals Companies Operating in Russia, published by the local chapter of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). According to WWF, this...
Kazakhstan Approves New Green Projects in a Bid to Cut Fossil Fuels
Kazakhstan's new leadership, faced with concurrent challenges of volatile oil prices and the coronavirus pandemic, has approved nineteen new renewable energy projects worth $1.1 billion in the country's latest effort to go green and diversify its energy supply, EURACTIV reported. To date, there are already 97 operating renewable energy facilities...
Rosatom Says EU, Russia Must Sync Efforts to Attain Paris Agreement Goals
Russia and the European Union must synchronize efforts to arrive at a consensus on standards and mechanisms to attain the goals of the Paris Agreement, First Deputy Director General of Rosatom, Kirill Komarov, said at a Russian-European climate conference at the Skolkovo Innovation Center on Tuesday. "I am confident that...
Gazprom Neft Signs Deal with Shell on Hydrocarbon Cluster Joint Venture
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Gazprom Workers in Far East Go on Strike for Better Working...


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Badminton wurde bei den GANEFO bei beiden Austragungen 1963 und 1966 gespielt. Die DDR entsandte die nationalen Meister Rita Gerschner und Gottfried Seemann zu den Spielen 1963 in Indonesien. Beide schieden jedoch in der Vorrunde aus. 1966 waren die Spiele auf asiatische Verbände begrenzt.

Die Sieger

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Erstveranstaltung 1963

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Shocking Video Shows Black FedEx Driver Attacked, Called Racial Slurs
By Jovonne Ledet
A Black FedEx driver was left "shocked" after a Michigan man used racial slurs and attacked him as he was delivering packages along his regular route.
Video from the dash cam inside of Tirrell Lipsey's delivery truck shows a man attempting to punch him while repeatedly spewing the N-word in Portage, Michigan.
The man also threw packages off Lipsey's truck and swiped locals' deliveries as he followed Lipsey on his route around Bruning Street last week, per Ring doorbell camera footage.
"I was just shocked. To me, it didn't make any sense," Lipsey said of the incident, WWMT reports.
Detectives said that The Portage Department of Public Safety plans to press charges against the man.
However, according to reports, no arrests have been made and the investigation is still ongoing.
The man first approached Lipsey, 23, outside of his FedEx truck.
In the video, the suspect can be seen throwing a punch at Lipsey, calling him the N-word at least twice, and muttering other indistinguishable phrases.
"He kept saying stuff about his dog. He was going to have a dog attack me, it was very weird. It got to the point where he was saying stuff about the devil being in the boxes," Lipsey said.
Along with swiping packages, the suspect attempted to enter a resident's home, per dashcam video obtained by WWMT.
"He went from being super-aggressive, from telling me he likes and sat in my front seat and said let's go for a ride," Lipsey said.
According to police, the man was on methamphetamine and taken to the hospital for a mental health condition on the day of the attack.
Police say they will seek charges of ethnic intimidation, illegal entry, malicious destruction of property, larceny, assault, and battery.
"With him being an African-American, I believe his rage went even up higher," said Andrew Holmes, a Chicago-based activist.
FedEx also issued a statement following the incident.
"We are both saddened and outraged by the behavior exhibited in this video, and our first concern is for the driver involved," the statement reads. "We are staying connected with him and offering our support. We also have verified that a police report was filed and an investigation is underway to further address this incident."
Reading about Black trauma can have an impact on your mental health. If you or someone you know need immediate mental health help, text "STRENGTH" to the Crisis Text Line at 741-741 to be connected to a certified crisis counselor.
Get the latest news 24/7 on The Black Information Network. Listen now on the iHeartRadio app or click HERE to tune in live.


The Golden Flower of Europe, Europe's top tourism award, was won this year (among a strong field of 5,600 towns) by the small town of Primošten, located near Šibenik.
The silver award also went to Croatia as the second place winner was declared the town of Biograd , located near Zadar.
The panel of judges of the Brussels-based European Association for Flowers and Landscape faced a tough task again this year – to select the tidiest town among the 5,600 top candidates, i.e. among the total of 26 thousand nominated towns and villages from across Europe.
Primošten is one of the best known tourist destinations in Dalmatia where there has been organised tourism since the early 1960s.
It is also one of the most picturesque places on the Adriatic sea , with many of the typical narrow streets in the old town core nestled at the top a small hilly peninsula. Natural beauty is not, however, the only advantage of this tourist destination. The tidiness of the place, attested to by this recognition, and the town's laid back atmosphere, rich tradition, the warm welcome, quality lodgings and the tourism infrastructure in general have been drawing tourists from around the world for years.
It is much the same with Biograd – a town situated in the Bay of Pašman, some 30 kilometres south of Zadar. The town offers its guests numerous attractions and natural beauty – from inviting beaches, greenery, flowers and pine forests. In it vicinity are other natural "gems" like the renowned Kornati Islands and the Lake Vransko Nature Park – known for its fishing and hunting of marshland fowl.
I have visited Porec many times and Dubrovnik once. I've traveled widely, but once I found Croatia, I fell in love with it.
My friend and I made a very quick decision to stay in Primosten next May and I'm now surfing the internet to find out what it is like.
It looks like a fantastic place and we can't wait for May to come.


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Maryland Weather: Sunshine, But Still Chilly TuesdaySunshine, but a still rather chilly day is coming on Tuesday, with highs only in the upper 30's.
Royal Wedding 2018: Everything You Need To Know
Filed Under:Meghan Markle, Prince Harry, Royal Wedding, What time does the Royal Wedding start, when is royal wedding on tv, When is the Royal Wedding, Will the Royal Wedding be televised in the US
(CNN) — Meghan Markle will walk down the aisle and marry her prince on May 19.
As the wedding is a private event — rather than a state occasion — paid for by the British royal family, only a few details have been revealed so far. Here's what we know and what's still under wraps.
You can watch the Royal Wedding with WJZ Saturday morning. Coverage begins at 4 a.m. and will be replayed at 8 p.m.
READ MORE: Man, 23, Killed In Southwest Baltimore Shooting, Police Say
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle will wed on Saturday, May 19, in St. George's Chapel in the grounds of Windsor Castle, about 20 miles (32 kilometers) west of central London.
Windsor is the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world and an official residence of Queen Elizabeth II, who spends most of her weekends there.
The chapel has a capacity of around 800.
London florist Philippa Craddock has been tasked with decorating the chapel. Her team plans to use white garden roses, peonies and foxgloves, as well as branches of beech, birch and hornbeam for the floral displays, which will be distributed to local charities after the wedding.
Many of the plants will be sourced from the gardens and parkland of the royally owned Crown Estate and Windsor Great Park, according to Kensington Palace.
The couple will exchange vows at noon (7 a.m. EDT) in a ceremony expect to last an hour.
The first guests to arrive for the celebrations will be the 1,200 members of the public who will share in the festivities from the grounds of Windsor Castle. They are expected to arrive from 9 a.m. (4 a.m. ET).
The main wedding guests are due between 9.30 a.m. and 11 a.m. (4.30 a.m. to 6 a.m. ET) and will be driven to the Round Tower by coach before walking to the South Door of St. George's Chapel.
RELATED: You Can Watch The Royal Wedding In A Theater Near You
Lastly, the royal family will head for the chapel via the Galilee Porch at 11.20 a.m. (6.20 a.m. ET). Some are expected to arrive by foot, while others will travel by car.
Kensington Palace say that Harry and William will go to the chapel together on foot and will enter the West Steps, where they will greet 200 charity representatives.
Meghan's mother and father, Doria Ragland and Thomas Markle, who split up when she was young, will both play key roles on the day.
While the congregation is gathering, Meghan and her mother will depart their hotel and travel to the castle via the Long Walk, where members of the public will be able to get their first glimpse of the bride. The car will stop at the castle to let Meghan's mother out and pick up some of the bridesmaids and page boys before continuing to the church.
Meghan has opted not to have a maid of honor, according to Kensington Palace. "She has a very close-knit group of friends and did not want to choose one over the other," said Jason Knauf, Prince Harry's communications secretary.
After the ceremony has ended at 1 p.m. (8 a.m. ET), the newlyweds will greet the 200 representatives of Prince Harry's charities outside the chapel.
They will then leave Windsor Castle in a carriage for a roughly two-mile procession, traveling along the High Street through the town of Windsor, before returning to the castle by the Long Walk, according to the Palace. The procession is expected to take around 25 minutes.
They will travel in an Ascot Landau carriage pulled by Windsor Grey horses. The royal family owns five Ascot Landaus and uses them regularly for official events. Prince Harry traveled in one during the carriage procession at the wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in 2011.
Windsor Grey horses also have a long royal pedigree — they have been pulling the carriages of British monarchs and members of the royal family since the 1900s.
After the procession, the couple and guests will then attend a reception hosted by Queen Elizabeth II at St. George's Hall in the castle grounds, bringing the public aspects of the day to a close.
The final moment the public will get to share in will be when the bride and groom leave the castle grounds for a smaller evening reception for around 200 friends and family hosted by Prince Charles, Harry's father, at Frogmore House, a country house south of Windsor Castle.
The Dean of Windsor, the Rt. Rev. David Conner, and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, the leader of the Church of England, will officiate the ceremony. Markle is now a fully fledged member of the Church of England after she was reportedly baptized and confirmed by Welby in a secret ceremony in March.
Meghan will spend her final night as a single woman at a hotel in an undisclosed location. On the morning of May 19, a car will take the bride and her mother to Windsor Castle. Kensington Palace has confirmed that her father, will walk her down the aisle of St. George's Chapel.
As expected, Harry's older brother Prince William will step into the role of best man. Harry has also expressed his desire for his mother's side of the family to be involved in the service. The three siblings of the late Princess Diana, who died two decades ago in a car accident, have been invited. Her older sister, Lady Jane Fellowes, will give a reading.
The palace will publish a full Order of Service on its website on the morning of the wedding so members of the public can follow the ceremony at home.
The couple have taken a very hands-on approach in planning their big day, right down to their selection of music for the service, which will include several popular hymns and choral works. The chapel's director of music, James Vivian, will conduct the Choir of St. George's Chapel — which was founded in 1348 and includes music from all ages in its repertoire.
State Trumpeters and an orchestra encompassing musicians from the BBC National Orchestra of Wales, the English Chamber Orchestra and the Philharmonia Orchestra will also provide music at the service.
RELATED: Former West Baltimore Bishop To Preach At Royal Wedding
The royal pair have also chosen to inject several more modern musicians and soloists into their ceremony. Karen Gibson and the Kingdom Choir — considered one of the top ensembles in the country — have been tapped to perform as has 19-year-old cellist Sheku Kanneh-Mason, who was the first black musician to win the BBC Young Musician of the Year award in 2016.
"I was bowled over when Ms. Markle called me to ask if I would play during the ceremony, and of course I immediately said yes," Kanneh-Mason said on Twitter. "What a privilege to be able to play the cello at such a wonderful event. I can't wait!"
READ MORE: Maryland Weather: Sunshine, But Still Chilly Tuesday
More than 250 members of the British Armed Forces will also be involved on the day, an acknowledgment of Harry's time in the army. Personnel from a number of units including the Royal Marines and the Windsor Castle Guard will line the local streets, with music provided by the Band of the Irish Guards.
Details about who will be attending the ceremony (and the two receptions) are still very sparse; in fact, we know more about who won't be there. Kensington Palace has announced that the royal couple are not inviting political leaders, at least not on the basis of their official positions.
Some political figures may be present if they are personal friends of Harry and Meghan — but that won't include Barack and Michelle Obama, according to a royal source. The source would not say however whether the Obamas had been invited.
The White House and Downing Street confirmed that neither US President Donald Trump nor UK Prime Minister Theresa May had received invitations.
The invitations were made by Barnard & Westwood, a London printer and bookbinder that has been making invitations for the royal family since the 1980s, according to Kensington Palace.
Aside from the 800 (or so) guests lucky enough to be inside the chapel, more than 2,640 people are being invited inside the grounds of Windsor Castle on the big day.
The invitees — including 100 local schoolchildren and 610 Windsor Castle community members — will be able to watch the arrivals of the bride and groom and their guests and to watch the newlyweds depart the castle on their carriage procession.
RELATED: Who's on the guest list?
Visitors to Windsor on the big day are being encouraged to gather on the Long Walk — the final stretch of the procession route — where big screens and food stalls will be available.
Crowds will also gather along the rest of the procession route through the town, which will be decorated with bunting and ceremonial banners, according to a statement from the borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. Local groups will provide live entertainment throughout the town center.
Rail operators will put on extra train services to and from Windsor, and for those traveling by road, 6,000 car parking spaces will be available close to the Long Walk, according to the borough.
The security operation
Thames Valley Police, the force that operates in the borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, has overall command of the policing for the wedding and is supported by partner agencies including the Metropolitan Police and the British Transport Police, according to a spokesman for Thames Valley Police. The operation is one of the largest ever undertaken by the force.
According to a police statement, security in the area has already been stepped up, with armed and unarmed officers as well as search dogs and mounted police patrolling the streets of Windsor in the weeks leading up to May 19.
Police have warned that people traveling to the area by car on the day may be stopped by police, while British Transport Police will be patrolling train stations and carriages. Anyone arriving in Windsor by train will be screened and searched.
There are no details yet on the cost of security for the wedding or the number of officers involved.
Renowned fashion and portrait photographer Alexi Lubomirski will take the official photographs of the newlyweds at Windsor Castle after the ceremony.
The two are already familiar with Lubomirski, who photographed Harry and Meghan at Frogmore House in the weeks after they announced their engagement.
We're unlikely to know anything about Markle's wedding dress until the bride steps out on May 19. But that hasn't stopped the rumor mill.
Designers tipped to be among the likely candidates include the Canadian-born Erdem Moralioglu, French designer Roland Mouret and the Ralph & Russo duo, who designed the gown Markle wore in her engagement photographs.
The gifts
The couple have asked for anyone wishing to send them a wedding gift to consider donating to one of several selected charities instead.
RELATED: Baltimore-Based Company Selected For Making One Of The Top Royal Wedding Gifts
The seven organizations chosen by Prince Harry and Markle all work on issues the couple are passionate about, including women's empowerment, HIV, homelessness and the environment, according to a Palace statement.
Guests will enjoy a non-traditional wedding cake made by pastry chef Claire Ptak. The lemon elderflower cake will feature buttercream and fresh flowers as decoration.
Ptak, who was raised in California and now owns London-based bakery Violet Cakes, was previously acquainted with Markle, who had featured the chef on her former lifestyle blog.
Kensington Palace says Ptak and the chefs who have been working in the Palace kitchens to make the final preparations will provide an update closer to the big day.
The evening entertainment
Despite rumors that the Spice Girls, Elton John, Ed Sheeran or Sam Smith could be performing at the second, evening reception, nothing has yet been confirmed by Kensington Palace.
While the wedding itself will be a public affair, the choice of honeymoon destination is a closely guarded secret.
Meghan and Harry will not depart for their honeymoon immediately after the wedding. Instead, they will undertake a public engagement in the week after the ceremony, according to Kensington Palace.
There's already a long list of locations being suggested as possible destinations, including Botswana (where the pair vacationed early in their relationship) and the Seychelles (where William and Catherine spent their first days as a newly married couple).
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There's hardly a more perplexing topic than time. I had a graduate seminar called "Concepts of Time" almost 30 years ago where I did learn, among other things, the difference between the A and B series and other technical issues in the philosophy of time. Yet I still have no idea what time is or whether time is even real. (A view shared by a few physicists.) St. Augustine famously said: "What then is time? If no one asks me, I know what it is. If I wish to explain it to him who asks, I do not know." Later, in Chapter XII of his Confessions, he responded to the question "What was God doing before He made heaven and earth?" with the answer, "He was preparing hell … for those who pry into mysteries." He apparently meant this facetiously. To make matters worse modern physics uses mathematical models to combine space and time into a single continuum called spacetime.
But I'm less concerned with these abstract questions, and lack the training necessary to say something intelligent about them anyway. Instead I'm struck by the phenomenology of the consciousness of time's passing, a fancy philosophical way of talking about the conscious experience of the movement of time, and also the experience of aging in general. Consider how some popular music, for example, has captured the passage of time.
No doubt there are countless other songs that explore similar themes, but this sampling suggests there is something universal about this experience of time's passage that evokes strong emotions. It is no wonder that religions have tapped into this by marking life's salient moments like birth, marriage, and death.


text:
M. Grant Kellermeyer
Arthur Conan Doyle's Lot No. 249: A Two-Minute Summary and a Literary Analysis
Arthur Conan Doyle's role in the evolution of the "malevolent mummy" trope was just as fundamental as Stoker's contributions to the vampire, Stevenson's to the werewolf, and Shelley's to the science fiction monster. While "The Ring of Thoth" succeeded in breaking the mummy out of its quaint roles as a romantic curiosity or a satirical mouthpiece – bringing it into the realm of somber supernaturalism – "Lot No. 249" dragged it over the threshold into abject horror. The tale is almost single-handedly responsible for our perception of mummies as potential terrors – combined with the rumors surrounding the Curse of Tutankhamen, and Bram Stoker's horror novella, The Jewel of Seven Stars – and was loosely adapted into one of Boris Karloff's seminal roles: the nefarious immortal wizard (and revitalized mummy) Imhotep in Karl Freund's splendid 1932 masterpiece, The Mummy. Infused with the romantic plot from "The Ring of Thoth" and the reincarnation device from "Through the Veil, the screenplay was virtually co-written by Doyle, who had died just two years before.
"Lot No. 249" is one of my favorite horror stories: it combines the cozy, sitting room atmosphere of Baker Street with the bucolic, intellectual setting of Oxford University, but is subtly darkened by the shadow of a strange and terrible horror that baffles England's brightest and best. It is, however, far from a simple tale of terror, and has the same rich subtext – mostly sexual, cultural, and social – of the Poe and Hoffmann's wildest tales. The story is even more steeped in homoerotic overtones than "The Silver Hatchet," openly brooding – without excuse or artifice – on the nature of British masculinity and its ideal manifestation. The four main characters represent four elements of manhood: the "robust" athlete, the profound scholar, the effeminate victim, and the craven villain.
The story revolves around these men as they attempt to define and demonstrate their manliness, at times quite brazenly, fearing all the time that they might be – as Abercrombie Smith puts it – "unmanned." The mummy in question is closeted away in the villain's room, leading to open speculation about his sex life (they assume it to be a "kept woman"), little imagining the truth: it is a revived zombie employed to stalk, dominate, and strangle (a very intimate means of murder) his male enemies. It remains a brilliant commentary on Victorian manhood, with all manner of fascinating symbolism surrounding closeted men, sexual victimhood, and the anxieties of passing as "manly" in a homosocial environment like all-male Oxford in 1884. For Doyle, who stewed over same-sex friendship, masculine rituals, and the "robust" sporting life, it is a vulnerable – if narrow-minded – thesis on the perils, pursuits, and anxieties of the single British male.
The story begins at Oxford University where three students live in the three apartments stacked on top of each other in a medieval turret. Abercrombie Smith, an athletic, unimaginative medical student, lives on the top apartment. He is something of a blend between Watson and Holmes, enjoying solitude and pipes as much as a good boat race or boxing match. Below his apartment is the loathsome Edward Bellingham, a flabby, antisocial scholar of Eastern languages and metaphysics who has been travelling in Egypt recently. On the bottom story of the turret is the passive and anxious Monkhouse Lee, to whose sister Bellingham is engaged. The three apartments share a staircase, and while Smith remains engrossed in studies above, he often overhears encounters between his suite mates on the stairs or under his floorboards.
One evening Smith is talking with his friend Hastie, who seems to have a crush on Lee's sister, and Hastie passionately warns Smith against befriending Bellingham, relating the story of how he once shoved an old woman into the river when she was too slow for his pace. Smith thinks Hastie is jealous of Bellingham's engagement, but takes his words into consideration.
Later in the evening, he hears a strange hiss from below, followed by his door being flung open by a physically shaken Lee who begs him to attend Bellingham. Smith follows him to the middle apartment and finds Bellingham in a faint. His room is cluttered with all sorts of Egyptological relics – scrolls, urns, pottery, and even a crocodile suspended from the ceiling. In the middle of everything, however, is a table with a sarcophagus, and its occupant – a blackened, skeletal mummy – is laying inside it with one arm draped over the lid. Nearby is an ancient scroll, at Bellingham's feet. Smith revives Bellingham, who attempts to laugh everything off, but is disturbed by Bellingham's collection and his apparent dabbling in the occult.
As the weeks pass, Smith keeps hearing strange, mumbled conversations below him, and the turret's man-servant slyly intimates that he hears walking inside the room while Bellingham is gone. Both assume that it is a woman (a strict violation of school rules) and that Bellingham is cheating on Lee's sister. Soon after this, another student named Norton is attacked at night and nearly strangled by what he describes as an impossibly lean and strong figure. Norton had recently humiliated Bellingham, and while Smith doesn't yet suspect that the mummy may be the attacker, he decides that his neighbor must somehow be responsible and begins watching his movements more closely.
A few days later, Lee informs Smith that he has moved out of the turret and is staying at a cottage. He warns him against spending time with Bellingham, whom he has warned against ever seeing his sister again, and encourages him to leave the turret, too. Smith asks him to explain his change in heart (before this, Lee was almost Bellingham's disciple: a fawning, awe-inspired servant to the grotesque Egyptologist), but Lee claims that he can't reveal the reason, only that Bellingham revealed something to him which he swore to keep secret. Smith claims that he knows the secret, which excites Lee, but when he claims that Bellingham is hiding a woman in his room, Lee shudders in disappointment and denies this. Later, Smith leaves his room and passes Bellingham's, the door to which is open. In the dark Smith can see the upright sarcophagus, and thinks it looks empty.
That night Lee is rushed back to campus after being half-drowned in the Thames by an unseen attacker. Hastie and Smith successfully revive him, and Smith assures him that he now understands: in spite of his Holmesian materialism, he is now positive that Bellingham is animating the mummy and employing him as an assassin against his enemies. While it has not yet resulted in a murder, Smith feels duty bound to end its reign of terror. He bursts into Bellingham's museum-like apartment and charges him with his suspicions. Bellingham tries to control his outrage, but is clearly seething with anger, he denies involvement in the Norton and Lee attacks and Smith leaves in a huff, letting Bellingham know that he is now a marked man.
The next day Smith leaves campus to visit his friend, Dr. Peterson, who lives in the country. As he passes through the moonlit lanes, he is startled by the sound of someone running behind him. Turning around he sees the black and skeletal mummy, eyes glowing like coals, and claw-like hand extended towards him. Smith sprints as fast as he can with the mummy in hot pursuit. He barely makes it to Peterson's house and shocks the professor with his story. While Peterson isn't quite convinced, he agrees to sign a paper witnessing Smith's testimony in the event of his death.
The next morning, Smith bursts into Bellingham's quarters and flashes a revolver in his face. Handing him a bonesaw, he gives him five minutes to cut up and burn the mummy before Smith plasters the wall with his brains. Clearly outraged but deeply frightened, Bellingham cooperates, destroying the mummy, which fills the room with the smell of resin, and begrudgingly follows it with the ancient scroll (which Smith has deduced contains the spell that awoke the mummy). Warning him that Peterson has his signed testimony, Smith demands that Bellingham depart and never return, which he does, disappearing to the Sudan. Smith, meanwhile, returns to his precious solitude and engrossing studies.
Tragically, Doyle appears to have had a word limit to meet, because the story – which had been smooth up to the point where Smith threatens Bellingham – ends on a clunky note. It almost feels as though he misjudged the amount of his writing and suddenly reeled it in. The character of Plumptree serves no real purpose after his final appearance, the final confrontation is rushed and inorganic, and worst of all – for this cozy, character-driven piece – there is no real resolution with the main characters: did Hastie – as would be fitting – marry Lee's sister? How did Lee recover? What of Long Norton? Under what circumstances did Bellingham leave? What did Plumptree think of the whole matter? What about Styles?
I have often regretted the fact that Doyle wrote such a weak ending to a short story that may have been better served in novella form. But these are merely my complaints, and we must move on and accept the story for what it is. "Lot No. 249" remains – in spite of its faults – a beautiful narrative rich in setting, mood, character, and subtext, and is perhaps the seminal literary treatment of mummy fiction – as foundational to the genre as Dracula or Frankenstein are to theirs. The Egyptological craze of the nineteenth century was still burning hot after its commencement with the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799 and would continue to blaze until World War II. Egypt represented something dearly coveted by the Victorians and the Edwardians. It was a grand society of passionate, elegant people, more ancient than Rome, nobler than Greece, more mystical than Babylon, and after
Doyle wrote his pair of mummy stories, fantasy and horror writers began to plumb its depths for material. Bram Stoker, E. F. Benson, H. P. Lovecraft, Robert Bloch, H. Rider Haggard, Agatha Christie, Ray Bradbury, Sax Rohmer, and Anne Rice all generated fantastic tales surrounding animated mummies, haunted Egyptian relics, revived curses, and ghostly pyramids. Doyle's hand, unquestionably, was in some way present in all these works.
At the bottom of his tale, however, is the unavoidable conflict between Smith and Bellingham, and with it come questions which are both uncomfortable and fascinating to a modern audience. There is no question that we should rebuke his portrayal of effeminate men as either domineering villains or submissive cowards, his depiction of British manhood as the ideal, or his suggestion that masculinity is a precious commodity not to be polluted with transcultural cross-pollination, but we must also remember that the time in which he wrote was one of deep concern and uncertainty for the British male. As colonial projects continued to yield embarrassing stories of atrocity, rebellion, and shame, and as domestic scandals such as the Cleveland Street debacle, the Oscar Wilde trial, and the exploits of crossdressers Fanny and Stella, long-held assumptions of the superiority, nature, and definition of British manhood suddenly became elusive.
Today we often applaud the blurring and – as it were – queering of gender norms, but at the time it was an understandable crisis. The Big Brother of British colonialism (as seen in our next story, "The Brown Hand") had reigned without question for several decades, but by the 1890s it was clear that Anglo-Saxon colonizers had ruined many of the cultures they sought to civilize, had spread disease and misery, and had been agents of abuse and genocide. This was the case in Egypt just as it was in South America, India, and China. H. G. Wells, Joseph Conrad, Sir Roger Casement, and other disenchanted Victorians filled the papers, magazines, and bookstores with tales of colonial negligence, and the myth of the White Man's Burden began to sour in the minds of the British public – and with it their assumptions about British manhood, for if Father truly knew best, then why were his Indian servants dying of cholera, and why were they being mutilated by his overseers, and why did they want to murder him in his bed?
Doyle's tale responds to these concerns with a comparatively light-handed description of "noble masculinity": it need not be domineering or authoritative, but it should be "robust" – well-rounded, physically and mentally stable, and hardy to the core, without pretense, dependence, or intrigue. To him, the most stable form of manhood was that which was self-reliant and forthright (a la Smith), not clingy and helpless (a la Lee) or craven and perfidious (a la Bellingham). This range of masculinity can even be seen in the order in which Doyle organizes their apartments in what we must assume to be an evolutionary ascendance.
Anemic Lee, who is weak, dependent, and uncreative (a virtual stereotype of a masochistic "sub") is placed at the bottom of the tower. Bellingham, who is intelligent and inspired but jealous, secretive, and physically deficient, is lodged in the middle. Meanwhile, physically and intellectually vigorous Smith – Doyle's Holmesian ideal of manhood – retains the top spot. This depiction of the well-balanced life comes directly from Poe, who also emphasized the perils of imbalance between the spiritual/psychical and the material/physical self. Lee represents the dangers of being both physically and intellectually effete – you are vulnerable to the predations of evil people who will use either intellect or strength to overpower you. Bellingham (intellectually tough but physically and morally deficient) and his mummy (pure strength devoid of a soul) represent the dangers posed by evil people.
Finally, Smith and Hastie are charged with the responsibility – as well-rounded men – of protecting the Lees of the world from the Bellinghams: while both are physically and intellectually robust, Smith's strengths are more scholarly and Hastie's lean towards physique. Together, though – like Holmes and Watson – they form a formidable pair, and – most importantly – they share a moral code (one which Lee has, but is powerless to promote, and which Bellingham rejects and actively attempts to subvert. The most telling part of this model is the way in which Bellingham's zone quietly bleeds into Lee and Smith's: he first attempts to convert Lee – who lacks his intelligence but shares his material weakness – but is rejected, causing him to turn up towards Smith, who shares his intellect but also stands to provide the missing ingredient of physical fortitude.
Indeed, the similarities between Bellingham and Smith genuinely unsettle the latter: he recognizes that his own anti-social isolation, self-reliance, and nonconformity – traits shared with his downstairs neighbor – could leave him vulnerable to Bellingham's temptations. At the end of the story, in spite of his huff and puff, Smith appears shaken by the similarities between himself and the alchemist.
Today Doyle's thesis seems chauvinistic and vaguely homophobic, and indeed it is. The soulless, sensual mummy can easily be seen as the physical manifestation of homosexuality: a dark and frightening secret hidden in a closet and released at dark to dominate and "unman" its male victims. But to Doyle this was less of a parable about sexual deviancy than a philosophical discourse on what makes an adult a productive member of society: a person who is strong-willed but compassionate, bold but gentle, idealistic but restrained, imaginative but logical, and balanced equally between the physical and mental experiences of life – neither a roughhousing bully nor a socially detached bookworm.
Regardless of gender, class, income, sexual orientation, nationality, or religion, these are the hallmarks of a good citizen of the world, and they needn't be a "robust," heterosexual, white, British male to achieve what Doyle has so carefully described here.
You can read the original story HERE!
And you can find our annotated and illustrated collection of Doyle's best horror stories HERE!
two minute analysis
gothic novels


Answer "How do I feed my Basenji?"
This "How do I feed my Basenji?" answer for dog breed Basenji was viewed by 1414 visitors.
Basenjis are beggars, especially in their puppyhood. It is not acceptable to show any indulgence. It is recommended to methodically train your pet to have a normal and balanced ration without any concessions.
Breeders recommend using dry dog food of premium and super-premium classes. The food should be chosen in accordance to the tastes of a certain dog, its age, its gender, and even weight sometimes. Starting from the 45th week, it is recommended to add organic products to ration of the dog.
You can feed your Basenji with cereals (except peas), lean meat (veal, horsemeat, beef, etc.), vegetables (boiled), egg yolk, dairy products. Some Basenjis love fruits.
It is worth to remember that dogs CAN'T eat the remains from your table – hot, fat, sour and salty food, bird or fish bones. You should also control portion size in order to avoid overfeeding of your pet.
RU: Как правильно кормить Басенджи?


I would think that regardless of what integration formula you use on the data given, that, say .5 kg be added to whatever average is arrived at. 8 AM would be the low weight for a given day, and the high point for the day could very well be 1 kg higher. Regardless of the slope going up and then down again, the average would be higher by 1/2 this difference.
Why would be given the time of day if it were not of significance? If told merely that it was the same time every day, we'd still know we had to integrate over 30 days, rather than merely between April 1 and April 30 (only 29). The specific time tells us something.


Ones Enhancements Moreover to Importance Of Health care professional Approval.
Otosclerosis is considered an abnormal improvement of the bones within the middle ear. This bone discourages the structures in the ear canal from functioning properly and in turn causes loss of ability to hear. For people dealing with otosclerosis, hearing loss can become profound.
Those vibrations then move the h2o into the part of the inner head that is shaped like a snail containing the hair skin cells. Cochlear fluid moves within the upper part of the hair skin cells, which then signals the adjustments that trigger the creation of the impulses within the anxiety. Those impulses are then carried into the brain being interpreted as sound.
Research indicates of the fact that condition occurs in families, or it can be passed down with a parent to their kid. However, the actual cause of otosclerosis is not entirely understood. People with a family history of the condition are at an increased chance of increasing the disorder than his or her's counterparts who have no experience of the condition.
It is the responsibility of the ossicles and the eardrum to transmit all the vibrations through to the inside ear. The stirrup then sends the vibrations to the window and through to that fluid that consumes all the inner ear.
Differences in sounds are able to energize the different parts of your inner ear, thus allowing the mind to differentiate between most of the various sounds. Consider all the differences between the ways a good vowel sounds versus some consonant.
Generally, when you have one of your parents with the condition there is a 25 percent chance that you may possibly develop the condition yourself. Should you have two parents who have the illness, your risk will double to half. Numerous studies have shown that women who happen to be white and middle-aged are in the highest level of risk so far.
Audio waves make their approach into the outer ear and head to the middle ear, which is where they trigger vibrations within the eardrum. The vibrations are then sent within the three miniscule bones termed the ossicles. Those bone fragments are known as the malleus, stapes and incus.
It is normally a conductive loss of reading when it comes to otosclerosis, which is a decrease of hearing within the outer head or middle ear. On the less frequent basis, it can lead to a sensorineural lack of hearing, which is damage to all the nerve fibers located inside the inner ear and the sensory cells. Conductive hearing the loss is also another problem that you encounter.
There have also been studies that contain connected otosclerosis with all of the hormonal changes that women go through although they are pregnant. Even though inside or outside cause of the condition has not been diagnosed as of yet, there is a great deal of evidence that showcases the chance increasing amongst those with some viral infection.
Reading is actually a chain of events that work together with the ear to transfer the sound waves into an electrical signal, which in turn causes the urges from the nerves to be transmitted directly to the brain to allow them to come to be interpreted into sound. You will find three main components that comprise the ear: the middle, inner and outer ear.
There are multiple varieties hearing loss that can be caused due to otosclerosis, depending upon the things structure is affected inside ears. Generally, it impacts the final bone within the string, which sits at the techniques into the window. The abnormality within the bone forms your fixation of the stapes with the window and causes a great interference with any of the audio waves that are passing on the inner ear.