text:
New Analysis: CBP Takes First Step Towards Full USMCA Implementation
Entry into Force Now Likely by Summer 2020
David R. Hamill
David Salkeld
Antonio J. Rivera
David Llorente
Birgit Matthiesen
Russell A. Semmel
Robert E. Shervette, IV
In an April 20, 2020 message to the trade community, US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) released the long-awaited United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) Interim Implementing Instructions (CBP Instructions). This signals the transition from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to the USMCA.
The USMCA is on track for a possible Summer 2020 entry into force. For many industries, changes from the NAFTA to the USMCA should prompt a review of strategic supply chain decisions.
In this alert, we highlight and analyze a number of key provisions from these CBP Instructions, especially those that depart from comparable NAFTA requirements. This includes significant provisions in the new automotive and textile rules.
Whether your company is operating in the US, selling into the US, or buying from the US marketplace, these instructions should be viewed as a "heads up" that the USMCA now appears to be on track to come into force sometime this summer.
CBP notes that its instructions are informational and designed to provide early guidance on the new USMCA requirements. An updated version of these instructions likely will be released prior to the date the USMCA enters into force.
Readers of these alerts will know that the team at Arent Fox LLP has closely monitored the USMCA negotiations and we are especially well-positioned to provide immediate and strategic advice to company executives.
Entry Into Force Not Addressed
The first question on everyone's mind that remains unanswered by these CBP Instructions is regarding the date of the USMCA's entry into force. Entry into force will be announced soon but should occur sometime in 2020, most likely July 1.
Legal Significance of CBP Instructions
CBP has made it clear that the USMCA uniform and domestic regulations, as well as amendments to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the US (HTSUS) establishing the new USMCA rules of origin could change the requirements set forth in the CBP Instructions. According to CBP, "the instructions are for advance informational and advisory purposes only. They are not final and are subject to further revision. They are not intended to have legal or binding effect."
With the entry into force date likely to be a little more than three months away, it is imperative that North American companies become familiar with the CBP Instructions. Some provisions are early indicators of significant changes from the NAFTA, such as the restriction on providing merchandise processing fee (MPF) refunds when filing the USMCA reconciliation entries.
Relationship to the NAFTA
Until the USMCA enters into force, the NAFTA requirements remain in effect.
Fortunately, many of the NAFTA customs and origin rules and principles will carry over to the USMCA. However, in some instances, the USMCA will change the NAFTA rules. For example, the USMCA rules of origin will continue to use many of the NAFTA qualification concepts such as tariff shift and regional value content (RVC) tests based on transaction value and net cost. Basic principles, such as proscriptions on transshipment that will prevent qualification, will continue in the USMCA.
At the same time, there are fundamental changes in the USMCA affecting qualification, certification, and correction procedures. In addition, there are significant changes and new requirements targeting the automotive and textile industries.
Bottom Line: These CBP instructions should be viewed by companies as the Administration's guidance on the USMCA until formal regulations and procedures are promulgated. In this interim, the regulatory environment will be fluid.
Key New Customs Provisions of General Applicability
MPF Refunds Will Not Be Made on Post-Importation Claims
In a departure from the NAFTA, under the CBP Instructions, if a claim for preferential tariff treatment is not made at the time of importation and MPF fees are paid, but a subsequent post-importation claim was made, MPF refunds will not be allowed.
This issue will receive considerable scrutiny in the coming months. For many companies, this could result in substantial new expenses.
The NAFTA Marking Rules Limitations
Under the USMCA Rules of Origin, a major difference from the NAFTA is that the USMCA will eliminate provisions relating to the NAFTA marking rules for duty purposes.
This means that when the USMCA enters into force, there will no longer be two sets of rules to be analyzed – one for qualifying the good and the other to determine which country of origin should be used for marking purposes.
The CBP Instructions are unclear regarding whether the NAFTA marking rules can be used for non-duty purposes.
New Process for Claiming and Correcting the USMCA Benefits
Tariff preference claims will be made using a new program indicator (SPI), "S," in the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE). A filer will use the SPI to indicate a USMCA claim to certify that the goods comply with the rules of origin and recordkeeping requirements, including the labor value content (LVC) certification and the steel and aluminum requirements.
Similar to NAFTA, an importer will not be subject to penalties for making an incorrect USMCA claim that a good qualifies if the importer makes a corrected declaration within 30 days of discovery and pays any duties and MPF owed.
Who Can Make a USMCA Certification
A notable change in the USMCA from the NAFTA is that, along with exporters and producers, an importer will now be able to complete a certificate of origin based on the producer's information, including documents that demonstrate from where the goods are originating.
An importer may submit an importer, exporter, or producer certification. The importer is responsible for exercising reasonable care concerning the accuracy of all documentation submitted to CBP—including the accuracy of any claim for the USMCA eligibility.
Importers should be careful of self-certifying to reduce the risk of penalties.
Who Can Make a USMCA Certification?
Recordkeeping Requirements
Many of the recordkeeping requirements are similar to the NAFTA, but the USMCA updates the requirements to more readily allow electronic recordkeeping.
CBP Instructions for USMCA Recordkeeping
De Minimis Threshold Increased to Ten Percent.
The NAFTA de minimis rule provides for a 7% threshold. The USMCA increases this threshold to 10% with certain important exceptions, such as for textiles. Additional details on textiles are below.
Origin Verification Procedures Are Similar to NAFTA.
Similar to the NAFTA, the USMCA permits CBP to verify whether a good entered with a claim for preferential tariff treatment qualifies as originating. However, the USMCA authorizes CBP to initiate the verification to the importer, in addition to the exporter or producer who completed the certification of origin with notice to the importer, as in the NAFTA.
Due to the new liability on the importer, reasonable care must be exercised by the importer.
Bottom Line: Along with the complexities and associated costs introduced by the USMCA, importers must exercise reasonable care with regard to their USMCA transactions to reduce risk of penalties.
Origin Verification Procedures: Similarities to the NAFTA in the USMCA
New Automotive Origin Rules
The USMCA automotive rules of origin present significant changes from the NAFTA, including increased domestic content requirements and the introduction of new qualification criteria (e.g. super-core, LVC, steel, and aluminum purchase requirements, and an alternative staging regime).
Arent Fox will be publishing additional insight on these automotive rules in future alerts.
New Automotive Origin Rules for the USMCA
New Textile and Apparel Rules
Similar to the rules under the NAFTA, the USMCA textile and apparel rules of origin are generally based on the "yarn forward" rule. However, there are a number of exceptions to these general rules of origin for textile and apparel products. Some of these rules, as clarified in the CBP Instructions, are provided below.
New Textile and Apparel Rules for the USMCA
It's clear that the USMCA is on track for a possible summer 2020 entry into force. As we have noted above, the changes from the NAFTA to the USMCA, for many industries, should prompt the review of strategic supply chain decisions.
Director of Regulatory Audit
Director, North American Manufacturing
Customs & Import Compliance
Canada-US Cross Border Business Affairs
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Brian D. Schneider, Alexandra M. Romero
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Lynn R. Fiorentino, Debra Albin-Riley, Brian P. Waldman, Robert G. Edwards, Ph.D.


I am a PhD student at the Department of Germanic Studies, the Faculty of Arts of the Charles University in Prague. I specialise in the unusual reception of the continental knightly epic in Scandinavia. I studied German and Norwegian at the same faculty and have been translating from Norwegian, Icelandic and Old Norse. I am also interested in Old Norse runic inscriptions and medieval fashion.
For the current project, I will edit the Bærings saga from 14th century Iceland, one of the "secondary chivalric sagas", narratives based on various motifs from the Old Norse tradition and from the translated knightly epic. The text is preserved in four medieval manuscripts (AM 180 b fol 8v-19v, AM 574 4° 1r-7v, AM 580 4° 2r-11r, and the fragment AM 567 II 4° 6r-6v) and in 53 later ones. My edition will be based on the four oldest manuscripts from the 14th and 15th centuries. Bærings saga has been edited only once, in 1884, and the edition does not satisfy modern standards.


text:
package org.apache.sshd.common.mac;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;

import com.jcraft.jsch.JSch;
import org.apache.sshd.common.NamedFactory;
import org.apache.sshd.common.cipher.BuiltinCiphers;
import org.apache.sshd.common.cipher.Cipher;
import org.apache.sshd.common.random.Random;
import org.apache.sshd.server.SshServer;
import org.apache.sshd.util.BaseTestSupport;
import org.apache.sshd.util.BogusPasswordAuthenticator;
import org.apache.sshd.util.EchoShellFactory;
import org.apache.sshd.util.JSchLogger;
import org.apache.sshd.util.SimpleUserInfo;
import org.apache.sshd.util.Utils;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;

/**
 * Test Cipher algorithms.
 *
 * @author Apache MINA SSHD Project
 */
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
public class MacTest extends BaseTestSupport {

    private SshServer sshd;
    private int port;

    @Test
    public void testHMACMD5() throws Exception {
        setUp(BuiltinMacs.hmacmd5);
        runTest();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHMACMD596() throws Exception {
        setUp(BuiltinMacs.hmacmd596);
        runTest();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHMACSHA1() throws Exception {
        setUp(BuiltinMacs.hmacsha1);
        runTest();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHMACSHA196() throws Exception {
        setUp(BuiltinMacs.hmacsha196);
        runTest();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHMACSHA256() throws Exception {
        setUp(BuiltinMacs.hmacsha256);
        runTest();
    }

    @Test
    @Ignore("Lead to ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in JSch")
    public void testHMACSHA512() throws Exception {
        setUp(BuiltinMacs.hmacsha512);
        runTest();
    }

    @Test
    public void loadTest() throws Exception {
        Random random = Utils.getRandomizerInstance();
        loadTest(BuiltinCiphers.aes128cbc, random);
        loadTest(BuiltinCiphers.blowfishcbc, random);
        loadTest(BuiltinCiphers.tripledescbc, random);
    }

    protected void loadTest(NamedFactory<Cipher> factory, Random random) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = factory.create();
        byte[] key = new byte[cipher.getBlockSize()];
        byte[] iv = new byte[cipher.getIVSize()];
        random.fill(key, 0, key.length);
        random.fill(iv, 0, iv.length);
        cipher.init(Cipher.Mode.Encrypt, key, iv);

        byte[] input = new byte[cipher.getBlockSize()];
        random.fill(input, 0, input.length);
        long t0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
            cipher.update(input, 0, input.length);
        }
        long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.err.println(factory.getName() + ": " + (t1 - t0) + " ms");
    }

    protected void setUp(NamedFactory<Mac> mac) throws Exception {
        sshd = SshServer.setUpDefaultServer();
        sshd.setKeyPairProvider(Utils.createTestHostKeyProvider());
        sshd.setMacFactories(Arrays.<NamedFactory<Mac>>asList(mac));
        sshd.setShellFactory(new EchoShellFactory());
        sshd.setPasswordAuthenticator(BogusPasswordAuthenticator.INSTANCE);
        sshd.start();
        port = sshd.getPort();
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        if (sshd != null) {
            sshd.stop(true);
        }
    }

    protected void runTest() throws Exception {
        JSchLogger.init();
        JSch sch = new JSch();
        JSch.setConfig("cipher.s2c", "aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,none");
        JSch.setConfig("cipher.c2s", "aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,none");
        JSch.setConfig("mac.s2c", "hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96,hmac-sha2-512");
        JSch.setConfig("mac.c2s", "hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96,hmac-sha2-512");
        JSch.setConfig("hmac-sha2-512", "com.jcraft.jsch.jce.HMACSHA512");
        com.jcraft.jsch.Session s = sch.getSession(getCurrentTestName(), "localhost", port);
        try {
            s.setUserInfo(new SimpleUserInfo(getCurrentTestName()));
            s.connect();
            com.jcraft.jsch.Channel c = s.openChannel("shell");
            c.connect();

            try (OutputStream os = c.getOutputStream();
                 InputStream is = c.getInputStream()) {

                String expected = "this is my command\n";
                byte[] bytes = expected.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                byte[] data = new byte[bytes.length + Long.SIZE];
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    os.write(bytes);
                    os.flush();
                    int len = is.read(data);
                    String str = new String(data, 0, len);
                    assertEquals("Mismatched data at iteration " + i, expected, str);
                }
            } finally {
                c.disconnect();
            }
        } finally {
            s.disconnect();
        }
    }

    static boolean checkCipher(String cipher) {
        try {
            Class<?> c = Class.forName(cipher);
            com.jcraft.jsch.Cipher _c = (com.jcraft.jsch.Cipher) (c.newInstance());
            _c.init(com.jcraft.jsch.Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,
                    new byte[_c.getBlockSize()],
                    new byte[_c.getIVSize()]);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Andrew Mann Literary Agency
Andrew Mann Literary Agency © Andrew Mann Ltd
John Taylor's DEBORAH AND THE WAR OF THE TANKS - 'A great achievement' - Dan Snow
Published 5 September 2016, by Pen and Sword Books.
Deborah, a British First World War tank played a leading role in the first successful massed tank attack at Cambrai. Eighty years later, in a remarkable feat of archaeology, the tank's buried remains were rediscovered and excavated, and are now preserved as a memorial to the battle and to the men who fought in it. John Taylor's book tells the tale of the tank and her crew and tracks down their descendants to uncover a human story every bit as compelling as the military one.
The Telegraph http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/08/how-first-world-war-pows-betrayed-details-of-the-first-mass-tank/
and by Mail Online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3779253/How-mass-tank-attack-history-blown-course-British-Army-PoWs-gave-vital-information-Germans.html
andrew mann
Col Buchanan's 'The Black Dream': Book three of the Farlander novels published March 2015, Tor Books
This Book Just Ate My Dog! sells to six territories... and counting.
Adapted for radio by Sharon Oakes, Fanny and Alexander is a two-part radio version of Ingmar Bergman's Academy Award-winning 1982 film. Epic family 20...
Sharon Oakes Drama on BBC Radio 3: Fanny and Alexander
Fall in love with Tracy Corbett's new romantic fiction.
This Book Just Stole My Cat! New Ben & Bella adventure by Richard Byrne
New historical mystery series by Chris Nickson.
Richard Byrne's Red Bottom Robber published today in paperback.
Patricia Wilson's 'Villa of Secrets', now in paperback.
Richard Byrne's interactive crime caper published today.
D.B. Thorne's Perfect Match - first in a new series. Now published.
Richard Byrne's brand new imaginative picture book published today.
Tracy Corbett follows her fiction debut with second novel, 'The Summer Theatre by the Sea'.
The Tin God, Chris Nickson's next installment in the Tom Harper Mystery series, now published.
'top audiobooks of 2012'
Jonathan Cape
Kerry Andrew
Off The Leash
Patricia Wilson
Rupert Fawcett
TV option
author award
chris nickson
edinburgh 2014
film option
foreign sale
independent audiobooks
new writing
red house children's book award
richard byne
richard byrne
richard quick
simon callow
spooky spooky house
sue healy
vanessa lafaye
winner red house children's book award
women's commercial fiction

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home » Comment & analysis » Ringing some changes on phone numbers
Ringing some changes on phone numbers
The UK's broadcast and communications regulator Ofcom is in the final stretch of a wide-ranging consultation over phone number pricing.
This is highly relevant to radio for two reasons. Firstly, the amount of phone traffic our stations drive to ourselves and our advertisers and, second, because it affects the ease at which we can promote phone numbers on air.
"Calls from a BT landline cost 38 pence per minute off peak, 45 pence per minute at all other times. Prices from other networks may vary and calls from mobiles may cost considerably more"
…does not great radio make.
Here's what you need to know about the proposals:
Free calls will be free
Up to now they've only been free from landlines, not most mobiles (although Orange had honoured them). Ofcom proposes that all 0800, 0808 and 116 numbers will be free from any phone.
The BBC's radio "helplines" sit behind 0800 numbers and services like these are likely to cost more to run once the mobile termination costs are passed to the service provider, not the caller.
They will be easier to promote on air though and will be a better way to build trust with audiences once they're genuinely free to everybody and can be described as such.
'Normal' priced numbers will be easier to spot
The proposal is that only calls to 03 numbers will, in future, be charged on the same tariff as geographic calls to numbers starting 01 and 02 (the ones we use to pretend we're local underpin our presence in local communities). Calls to 03 numbers are included in mobile and landline free minutes for subscribers who opt for such packages.
All this ought to raise awareness and trust in 03 as a 'normal phone call' and benefit organisations like the BBC who committed early-on to the 03 range with its 03700 numbers for national radio stations.
Service charge + access charge = cost of call
For all calls that cost more than 'normal', Ofcom proposes splitting out the elements that comprise the total cost. In future there will be a maximum call cost per minute which is determined by the operator of the phone service and a separate 'access charge' which is agreed by the consumer with their phone network when they sign a contract.
That access charge can vary between networks but is not associated with the cost of the service provided by the radio station or advertiser. This change makes promotion easier as we'll see later.
0845 and 0870 numbers will be better for radio
The 0845 and 0870 numbers used to be known as 'local rate' and 'national rate' respectively but quietly slipped their moorings to drift into more commercial waters in recent years. 0845 and 0870 numbers generally pay for themselves but don't generate significant incomes. Other 087 numbers can be more lucrative.
In future, all 084 numbers will cost no more than 7p per minute plus the phone company's standard access charge and the 087 numbers will be no more than 13p per minute plus access charge.
They'll work much better on radio because no longer will their service charges vary by network or be considerably and scarily more from a mobile.
So will 09 numbers
These are premium rate numbers regulated by the ridiculously-named PhonePayPlus and which can provide an additional revenue stream for radio stations. They're great for competitions run on automated IVR infrastructure and pre-recorded listener contributions. In future, they too will be priced according to the "service charge" plus "access charge" model and will additionally have price caps applied to help boost consumer confidence and reduce what Ofcom calls "consumer bill shock".
They'll still be the most expensive type of call but, again, service charge pricing will be consistent no matter what kind of phone a consumer is calling from.
Radio-friendly caveats
In what may be a welcome hint of coordinated thinking inside Riverside House, Ofcom has proposed a simpler way to describe call costs that works in print and, crucially for us, on the radio.
The service charge element of the call cost won't vary by network so the on-air caveat can be greatly simplified. Ofcom suggests a radio-friendly line of copy in its consultation:
"This call will cost you x pence per minute plus your phone company's access charge."
An Ofcom infographic
The consultation is still open although Ofcom is pretty clear about its intentions and has stated it is "minded to" implement them within the next 18 months. They're so committed they've even made an infographic of sorts.
This is all generally good news for radio because it makes promotion of our telephony services more simple and it has the potential to improve trust in differently-priced number ranges which are currently misunderstood by consumers. That in turn can help us find new revenue streams and improve engagement with listeners.
Oh! 500
Meanwhile, friends at BBC Radio Scotland take note; remember that brilliant 0500 92 95 00 free phone-in number I organised for you back in the nineties? Ofcom has announced that its days are, er, numbered. The 0500 number range will close and all free calls will then sit behind numbers starting 080 or 116 which they say have become more famously free. I'm not so sure about 116 numbers – have you ever seen one?
Anyway, it's due to happen in two years time (unless you have your own Scottish regulator by then).
Picture credit: Swimming In The iPool by JD Hancock.
Ian / Friday 27 March, 2015
Good article.
The proposed changes to call charges for 08 and 09 numbers will take place, pretty much as you describe them, on 1 July 2015. This is now detailed on Ofcom's website at ukcalling.info
There will also be an update to the Broadcast Code, the PhonepayPlus Code and CAP/ASA rules on the same date.
Calls to 0500 numbers are not part of these changes. Instead, users can move to the matching 0808 5 number, gaining an extra digit in the process. This move must be completed by 3 June 2017.
One minor correction.
The current system sees the service charge element vary with the number called and the access charge element vary both with the landline or mobile provider used and with the number called. Mobile operators massively inflate the access charge element (not the service charge). The caller's provider only ever presents the combined cost. Under the new system the service charge will continue to vary according to the number called, but the service provider will have to declare it. The access charge will vary according to the provider used, but will not be allowed to vary according to the number called. Landline and mobile phone providers will be responsible for setting a single access charge per tariff covering all 084, 087 and 09 numbers.
The new system should reign in the excessive access charges currently levied by some mobile operators. A number of users of 084 and 087 numbers currently deny that the service charge element exists. The new system will force them to declare that it does and how much it is. Those who do not wish to do so can migrate to the matching 034 or 037 number where no such additional charge is levied.
Ian / Sunday 29 March, 2015
116 numbers (116 plus another three digits) are allocated throughout Europe for Helplines of Social Importance.
In the UK, three of the five agreed numbers are already in use. These are the helplines for Missing People, Childline and Samaritans. They first came into use in 2009 and calls are free from landlines and from mobiles.
Childline also has the freephone 0800 1111 number which has been in use for more than thirty years.
Samaritans does not promote the 116 number in the UK, instead directing people to call their 0845 number. From 1 July 2015 they will have to declare that calls to the 0845 number incur an additional 5p per minute Service Charge on top of the caller's phone provider's Access Charge.
118 numbers (118 plus another three digits) are used by Directory Enquiries services.
Guest Post: The Power of Local Radio
Dudvertising?


On Monday, Iran said that it now has access to more than $100 BILLION worth of frozen overseas assets following the implementation of a landmark nuclear deal with world powers.
TEHRAN, Iran (AP) Government spokesman Mohammad Bagher Nobakht said much of the money had been piling up in banks in China, India, Japan, South Korea and Turkey since international sanctions were tightened in 2012 over Tehran's nuclear program.
Iran's semi-official ISNA news agency meanwhile quoted central bank official Nasser Hakimi as saying nine Iranian banks are now reconnected to SWIFT, a Belgian-based cooperative that handles wire transfers between financial institutions. No foreign banks operate in Iran, and ATMs in Iran are not yet linked to the global system.
The historic agreement brought about the lifting of international sanctions last month after the U.N. certified that Iran has met all its commitments to curbing its nuclear activities under last summer's accord.
"These assets ($100 billion) have fully been released and we can use them," Nobakht said in comments posted on the website of state-run Press TV. He said much of the money belongs to Iran's central bank and National Development Fund. He said Iran will not bring all the money back because it can be spent on purchasing goods.
Mohsen Jalalpour, the head of Iran's Chamber of Commerce, said on state TV Monday that Iranian businessmen are already able to open letters of credit for transactions in other countries.


text:
Canada Saskatchewan to take tougher stance on sharing intimate images without consent
Saskatchewan to take tougher stance on sharing intimate images without consent
Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall takes his seat in the legislature for his last speech from the throne at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina, on Oct. 25, 2017.
Mark Taylor/THE CANADIAN PRESS
Jennifer Graham
Published October 25, 2017 Updated October 25, 2017
People who have had intimate images shared without their permission will be able to sue for compensation in Saskatchewan.
The provincial government said Wednesday that it plans to change its Privacy Act so that those victims can seek redress through small claims court.
"We want to have some protection for people whose intimate images have been used for revenge porn or sexting without the consent of the person who was in those images," said Justice Minister Don Morgan.
The government said it has proven difficult to rely on the Criminal Code to deter cyberbullying through unauthorized sharing of intimate images because the burden of proof is so high.
Morgan said the legislative changes will define what an intimate image is and include a prohibition on circulating the image without consent. The amendments will also put a reverse onus on the defendant to prove that they had consent from the person in the picture to release the images, he said.
Victims would not have to wait for charges to be laid, he said.
"It's not a criminal proceeding, it's a civil proceeding, so they do not have to wait for a criminal conviction," Morgan explained.
"This is a remedy that's made available to the victim. The Crown may well pursue a criminal charge, so you could have one, the other or both."
The measure was in the throne speech delivered Wednesday which details the government's plan for the new session of the legislature.
The outline includes new organ donation measures whereby all deaths or imminent deaths in hospital critical-care units are referred to an organ donation group.
The government also plans to introduce legislation so that Saskatchewan Government Insurance can offer coverage to ride-hailing companies such as Uber. Premier Brad Wall said he wants to encourage municipalities to allow ride-booking services to reduce impaired driving.
"I do think we just need more options for Saskatchewan people. Obviously almost every major North America city is comfortable with respect to the safety that's provided by the various ride-sharing platforms," Wall said.
Saskatchewan has one of the highest rates of impaired driving in Canada. Statistics Canada says there were 683 police-reported impaired driving cases per 100,000 population in Saskatchewan in 2011. The Canadian average was 262.
Ray Orb, president of the Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities, said he thinks ride hailing services might help lower drunk driving rates, especially in rural communities where there may not be taxi service for people to use after going to the local bar.
"I think actually it would. I think it's an interesting concept. We'd sure like to look at it," said Orb.
The government also plans to introduce legislation so that non-Catholic parents can continue to send their children to separate schools by invoking the notwithstanding clause of the Canadian charter.
A court ruling in April found that public funding of non-Catholic students in the Catholic school system is unconstitutional.
It prompted concern from parents that their children might have to switch schools and be educated in different communities in rural Saskatchewan. Wall said at the time that there could be greatly overpopulated public schools and empty or near-empty separate schools.
The province is appealing the decision, but Wall said the government will move sooner.
"We are indicating pretty clearly that in a proactive way we're going to protect school choice in the province notwithstanding what happens through the court process," he said.
Interim NDP Leader Nicole Sarauer said it could take years for the appeal to be heard and, potentially, a Supreme Court challenge.
Sarauer questioned why the government was rushing the legislation.
"We need to let that process first work its way through first, before we consider using the notwithstanding clause," she said.
The government is also backtracking on a tax cut that was made in July. It says it will raise the corporate tax rate back to 12 per cent from 11.5 per cent.
The tax was lowered so that Saskatchewan's rate matched other western provinces, but Wall has said that's no longer necessary because British Columbia has increased its corporate rate.
Legislation that allows up to 49 per cent of a Crown corporation to be sold without it being considered privatization will also be repealed.
The throne speech was the last for Wall, who is retiring when his successor is chosen in January.
Sarauer suggested that's why the government is making some of the changes outlined in the speech.
"This is clearly a throne speech that's more about serving the premier's legacy and protecting the premier's legacy than it is about serving Saskatchewan people," she said.
Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall pauses planned corporate tax cut
New Brunswick to have carbon pricing model that respects economy: Gallant
Scott Moe joins race to replace Brad Wall as Saskatchewan premier


The three index-registers were meant to enhance the programming of loops.
else different program-parts would interfere, using the same index register.
A card-reading routine needed two indexregisters, one as a band-pointer for buffer-tranfers and one as memory-pointer.
For the main-program there remained one indexregister.
Our USSC was equipped with three index registers: IR1, IR2 and IR3. These indexregisters were optional.
-  both, negative sign and 04                    = to make use of  IR3.
On execution the content of an index-register was added to the operand address.
When in such addition a carry occurred from a 100 addition, it was ignored:  0187+0015=0002.
This caused that indexed operands were always addressed within the same band.
All instructions with an operand-address or a band-number in M could be indexed.
Instruction 02 loaded an index register with (M).
- 0Y 0500 1123		to load 500 into IR3.
Instruction 07 incremented the content of an index register with (M).
+0y 0012 0590		to add 12 to (IR1),  ( y stands for (7 AND 4) ).
- 0y 0012 0590		to add 12 to (IR3).	Instruction 07 also placed the sum in M of rA for end-of-loop comparisons.
To decrement the value in an indexregister an addition with the numbers complement of 10000 or 200 was made.
+0y 0197 0590		did the same.


text:
Q: facebook chat API I have an app, and what I want is to be able to write a FB chat message to all users that use this app and are online at the moment. Is that possible? Possibly, to their friends too.

A: Try here: http://developers.facebook.com/docs/chat/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Bahamas Gaming & Allied Workers Union is the first recognized gaming union in the Bahamas. Formed to protect the rights of the gaming employees and address the needs of its members.
Our committment to the Bahamas Gaming & Allied Worker's Union is paramount. As an organization, we exist to meet the needs of our members and forge an amicable working relationship with our employers.


text:
@implementation Miner

@synthesize unconfirmed_reward = _unconfirmed_reward;
@synthesize confirmed_reward = _confirmed_reward;
@synthesize estimated_reward = _estimated_reward;
@synthesize send_threshold = _send_threshold;
@synthesize wallet = _wallet;
@synthesize workers = _workers;
@synthesize username = _username;
@synthesize pool = _pool;

@end


text:
Nancy Coover Andreasen (* 11. November 1938 in Lincoln, Nebraska) ist eine US-amerikanische Anglistin und Psychiaterin, die für ihre Forschungen zur Schizophrenie bekannt ist.

Leben
Andreasen studierte Anglistik an der University of Nebraska mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss 1958 und wurde dort 1963 promoviert. Außerdem hatte sie einen Master-Abschluss vom Radcliffe College (1959) und als Fulbright Fellow in Oxford. Sie befasste sich mit englischer Literatur der Renaissance und hier mit John Donne. 1963 bis 1966 war sie Assistant Professor in Anglistik an der University of Iowa. Danach begann sie ein Medizinstudium an der University of Iowa mit dem M.D. Abschluss 1970. Nach dem Abschluss ihrer Facharztausbildung in Psychiatrie 1973 war sie Principal Investigator in einer Studie über Depression der National Institutes of Mental Health. 1977 wurde sie Assistant Professor und 1981 Professorin für Psychiatrie an der University of Iowa. Dort ist sie Andrew H. Woods Professor und Direktor des Neuroimaging Research Center und des Mental Health Clinical Research Center des University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.

Nancy Andreasen hat zwei Töchter.

Werk
Sie befasste sich mit Schizophrenie und untersuchte in den 1970er Jahren den Zusammenhang von Schizophrenie und Kreativität und definierte quantitativ positive und negative Symptome bei Schizophrenie (zu letzteren zählt sie  Apathie, Anhedonie, Unfähigkeit Emotionen auszudrücken, Verlust flüssigen Denkens und Sprechens, Asozialität, zu den positiven Symptomen solche die nicht mit Verlusten, sondern Verstärkung normaler Aktivität einhergehen wie Verfolgungswahn, Halluzinationen, Verlust der Kontrolle über Sprache und Verhalten) Von ihr stammen auch erste quantitative Studien zur Schizophrenie mit Hilfe von Magnetresonanztomographie - Ihr Institut entwickelte dazu das Softwarepaket Brains.

Sie fand als eine der Ersten Auffälligkeiten im Gehirn von einigen Schizophreniepatienten (vergrößerte Hirnventrikel). Das führte dann zu wesentlich genaueren Untersuchungen mit MR-Tomographie, wobei sich weitere Abweichungen fanden (im Hippocampus und den Temporallappen oder Teilen davon wie dem Gyrus temporalis superior mit dem Wernickeschen Sprachzentrum). Patienten mit Schizophrenie zeigten außerdem im SPECT-Tomogramm, dass sie schon im Anfangsstadium Probleme mit der Aktivierung des Frontallappens hatten. Ihre Forschungsgruppe setzte später auch die Schizophrenie-Untersuchungen mit PET fort. Ein Nebenergebnis der Untersuchungen war, dass das Lustempfinden nicht nur in tieferen Bereichen des Gehirns (Limbisches System) angesiedelt ist, sondern auch die Großhirnrinde eine wesentliche Funktion hat und dass negative Empfindungen eine höhere Hirnaktivität auslösen als positive Empfindungen.

Ehrungen, Mitgliedschaften, Herausgeberschaft
2003 erhielt sie den InBev-Baillet Latour Health Prize und 2000 die National Medal of Science. Sie erhielt den Forschungspreis der American Psychiatric Association, den Stanley Dean Award des American College of Psychiatrist und den Lieber Schizophrenia Research Prize der Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. Außerdem erhielt sie den Career Scientist Award und MERIT Award des National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). 2002 wurde sie Ehrendoktorin an der University of Nebraska. Sie ist Fellow der American Academy of Arts and Sciences, der American Association for the Advancement of Science und des Institute of Medicine der National Academy of Sciences.

Sie war lange Herausgeberin des American Journal of Psychiatry.

Schriften
 John Donne: Conservative Revolutionary, Princeton University Press 1967
 The Broken Brain: The Biological Revolution in Psychiatry, Harper and Row 1984
 Deutsche Übersetzung: Das funktionsgestörte Gehirn. Einführung in die biologische Psychiatrie, Beltz 1990
 Brave New Brain: Conquering Mental Illness in the Era of the Genome, Oxford University Press, 2001
 The Creating Brain: The Neuroscience of Genius, New York: Dana Press 2005
 mit Donald W. Black: Introductory Textbook of Psychiatry, American Psychiatric Publishing, 5. Auflage 2010
 Schizophrenia: From Mind to Molecule, American Psychiatric Publ., 1994
 Brain Imaging: Applications in Psychiatry, Science, Band 239, 1988, S. 1381–1388
 The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Iowa City: The University of Iowa, 1984
 The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Iowa City: The University of Iowa, 1983
 The Diagnosis of Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Bulletin, Band 13, 1987, S. 9–22

Weblinks
 Homepage

Einzelnachweise

Psychiater
Anglist
Hochschullehrer (University of Iowa)
Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellow der American Association for the Advancement of Science
Träger der National Medal of Science
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1938
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Phil Wickham is a contemporary, singer/songwriter, and professional musician from San Diego, CA. Phil was raised by John & Lisa Wickham, leaders of the band Parable and worship leaders at Maranatha Chapel. The musical influence and religious foundation heavily impact both Phil and his brother Evan.
Though Wickham has been in the music industry for quite sometime, his solo career began in 2003 with his self-produced, independent album Give You My World. Since then, he has been signed to Fair Trade Services, a division of Columbia Records, releasing 8 studio albums and 4 live/acoustic albums. His music has been played all around the world on both the radio and in the church.


text:
El Campeonato Nacional de Padbol España 2014 fue la segunda edición del torneo. Participaron 18 parejas entre el 24 y 26 de octubre de 2014 en las instalaciones del Polideportivo Camilo Cano en La Nucía, Alicante. Los campeones fueron la pareja mallorquina compuesta por Juan Alberto Ramón y Juan Miguel Hernández, tras un 4-6, 6-0, 6-4 a los paisanos Barceló/Suau. Ambos se ganaron el derecho de clasificación a la Copa Mundial de Padbol 2014 que se disputó en La Nucía.

Parejas participantes
18 parejas clasificaron al torneo provenientes de distintas regiones:
 Elche: A.Martínez/Nuñez; Macía/Sanz; Álvaro R.B/López
  Albacete: Ocaña/Palacios; Salazar/Prado; Robson/Iraizoqui
  Leganés: Robles/Góngora; Ruiz/Galicia
  Málaga: Criado/Maldonado; Checa/Villanúa
  Pamplona: Sant Andreu/Mercero
  Canarias: Santana/Almeida; Molina/Mateos
  León: Vila/Larrauri
  Mallorca: Ramón/Hernández; Barceló/Suau; Rondo/Miró; Martínez/Gutierrez

Sede
La sede elegida para el torneo fue El Polideportivo Camilo Cano en La Nucía, Alicante.

Formato
El torneo constó de 6 grupos de 3 parejas cada uno. Tras enfrentamientos entre ellos clasificaron a la siguiente ronda las 16 mejores parejas a un cuadro a simple eliminación desde Octavos hasta la Final.

Resultados

Final

Posiciones
Estas son las posiciones finales del torneo

Véase también
 Padbol
 Campeonato Nacional de Padbol de España
 Campeonato Nacional de Padbol España 2013

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 padbol.com Página oficial Padbol.

Padbol


text:
Q: How to get tor relay points through the Linux command line? When using some Tor browsers, for instance in iOS, I have a nice list with speeds and countries from which I can choose the relay points that can be used/from which I do get out.
Can I get such a list from the Linux command line when running the tor daemon?

A: As the post related to man tor describes Does the Tor Browser Bundle cache relay information?, there is such a file with cache information in the system.

DataDirectory/cached-consensus and/or cached-microdesc-consensus
  The most recent consensus network status document we've
  downloaded.

So in Debian, the file with the cache Tor relays is /var/lib/tor/cached-microdesc-consensus and the information there can be valid for up to 24h.   (if not renewed, which is the normal behaviour)
The stuff pertinent to this post seems to start in line 36 in my home server and ends somewhere in line 35963:
36 r mintberryCrunch ABCTIE984gTgUHkIeZdNvcDTiRE 2016-11-26 20:55:20 88.99.35.166 443 9030
37 m V1CEu0LsXapK9Ci55c+VHLEP89EG+1wWjSjsDSYyC0Y
38 s Fast Guard HSDir Running Stable V2Dir Valid
39 v Tor 0.2.5.12
40 w Bandwidth=16800
41 r CalyxInstitute14 ABG9JIWtRdmE7EFZyI/AZuXjMA4 2016-11-27 01:19:50 162.247.72.201 443 80
42 m hiyRvQn2CqLG7Xgp+eDcQe9u2IpJ44p/qZ+CrgIp+W4
43 s Exit Fast Guard HSDir Running Stable V2Dir Valid
44 v Tor 0.2.8.6
45 w Bandwidth=10800

I hacked a small bash script on the command line to get from this file the top 20 speeder relays:
sudo egrep ^"r |^w " /var/lib/tor/cached-microdesc-consensus | paste -d " "  - -  \
| sed "s/Unmeasured=. //" | \
awk ' {  printf("%s %s %s ", $2, $6, $10 ); system("geoiplookup " $6 );  } ' | \
cut -f1,2,3,8- -d" " | sed "s/=/ /" | sort -k4 -n -r | head -20

And the end result was:
IPredator 197.231.221.211 Bandwidth 254000 Liberia
cry 192.42.115.101 Bandwidth 182000 Netherlands
GrmmlLitavisNew 163.172.194.53 Bandwidth 180000 France
regar42 62.210.244.146 Bandwidth 164000 France
xshells 178.217.187.39 Bandwidth 161000 Poland
dopper 192.42.113.102 Bandwidth 159000 Netherlands
TorLand1 37.130.227.133 Bandwidth 151000 United Kingdom
0x3d001 91.121.23.100 Bandwidth 151000 France
hviv104 192.42.116.16 Bandwidth 149000 Netherlands
colosimo 109.236.90.209 Bandwidth 136000 Netherlands
Onyx 192.42.115.102 Bandwidth 135000 Netherlands
redteam01 209.222.77.220 Bandwidth 134000 United States
belalugosidead 217.20.23.204 Bandwidth 129000 United Kingdom
redjohn1 62.210.92.11 Bandwidth 124000 France
Unnamed 46.105.100.149 Bandwidth 121000 France
theblazehenTor 188.138.17.37 Bandwidth 119000 France
splitDNA 62.210.82.44 Bandwidth 116000 France
radia2 91.121.230.212 Bandwidth 115000 France
ArachnideFR5 62.210.206.25 Bandwidth 115000 France
quadhead 148.251.190.229 Bandwidth 111000 Germany

Or a list of relay nodes in my home country:
sudo egrep ^"r |^w " /var/lib/tor/cached-microdesc-consensus | paste -d " "  - -  \
| sed "s/Unmeasured=. //" | \
awk ' {  printf("%s %s %s ", $2, $6, $10 ); system("geoiplookup " $6 );  } ' | \
cut -f1,2,3,8- -d" " | sed "s/=/ /" | grep Portugal | sort -k4 -n -r

Output:
Laika 51.254.164.50 Bandwidth 47300 Portugal
freja 194.88.143.66 Bandwidth 15400 Portugal
cserhalmi 188.93.234.203 Bandwidth 1870 Portugal
Eleutherius 85.246.243.40 Bandwidth 1400 Portugal
luster 94.126.170.165 Bandwidth 1390 Portugal
undercity 178.166.97.51 Bandwidth 1180 Portugal
helper123 85.245.103.222 Bandwidth 1060 Portugal
Pi 94.60.255.42 Bandwidth 271 Portugal
TheSpy 85.240.255.230 Bandwidth 142 Portugal
MADNET00 89.153.104.243 Bandwidth 78 Portugal
MADNET01 82.155.67.190 Bandwidth 14 Portugal

By the way, bandwidth in the Tor server/client by default is defined in KB.


text:
La Brisbane Skytower est un gratte-ciel en construction à Brisbane en Australie. Il s'élèvera à 270 mètres. Son achèvement est prévu pour 2019.

Lien externe
CTBUH

Gratte-ciel à Brisbane
Gratte-ciel mesurant entre 250 et 299 mètres


For the first time in almost 30 years, there's an alligator at Reid Park Zoo.
The nine-foot male alligator arrived at the zoo from Waco, Texas on Wednesday night.
Visitors eagerly awaited its arrival during construction of its habitat and can now see this 25-year-old American alligator from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. seven days a week.
It has been nearly 30 years since Reid Park Zoo has had an alligator.
The American alligator is the largest reptile that can be found in North America.


text:
Trang chủ / Tin tức / The One Particular Person You By No Means Really Get Over
The One Particular Person You By No Means Really Get Over
Why Can't I Overlook My Past Love?
Does A Guy Ever Recover From His Past Love? Guys Reply Please
Do Males Bear In Mind Their Past Love?
Its If You Turn Into Second In Your Personal Life
Remember how a lot effort a man places into wanting his finest throughout these first dates? Everyone desires to appear and feel their greatest, and men are no exception when assembly up with a possible companion. Vulnerability will assuredly make a number of appearances all through a relationship – especially should you reciprocate. It will create a deeper, extra significant bond. Men being men, they are often cautious about showing any conduct that may be perceived by others as weak point. In love, however, this deeply ingrained perspective typically falls to the wayside – and so they allow you to see their true emotions. As such, making sacrifices on your happiness is one way a man demonstrates his love for you.
He will virtually all the time put you first, even when it means changing his plans or stepping out of his consolation zone. Generally, women are much better listeners than men. This is not only a stereotype , it's science as revealed by a examine done at Cambridge University. The important part is that what a man says and does ought to be in alignment. With that said, men do exhibit a standard set of behaviors that show their love for a woman.
Why Can't I Forget My First Love?
And yeah, I nonetheless consider him to this day and it could possibly't be stopped. The dork must have forged a spell on me to think about him eternally. I think you get over them but you always remember them. It really is determined by the person and why they broke up within the first place.
He liked me too and we grew to become a pair. Everything he did was romantic – he'd deliver me flowers, write quirky notes and draw photos of me. After two years the chance came for me to move to the UK and I did not really feel committed sufficient not to take it.
Does A Man Ever Get Over His Past Love? Guys Answer Please
I met him afterwards in the lobby and thought 'who is that this guy? A few years later we obtained solid in the same https://bestadulthookup.com/instanthookups-review/ production. Once we started rehearsals I realised I was more than a fan, I had real feelings.
The disagreeable feeling of inadequacy is a motivation to learn to do the duty at hand.
The man who feels insufficient at love would not need perception in regards to the previous.
Before we know how to do anything, we really feel insufficient at doing it.
Everything essential we do stimulated emotions of inadequacy earlier than we learned how to do it.
Feelings of inadequacy are motivations, not punishments.
Defend you, even when the entire world could seem against you. And… even when you're both very aggressive people, he'll probably feel a bit much less crushed following a swift defeat from his lady. In love, a real man isn't shy about saying how proud he's of you.
Do Males Keep In Mind Their Past Love?
In the end, we broke up when she left early for college. But my past love will always be special. We have been young, awkward and inexperienced. Puberty was starting to take root, and our rose-colored lenses had not but begun to fade away. I'm the options intern right here at Cosmopolitan and I'm in love with Daniel Craig – I do not need to hear you mention his age or his spouse.
Again, a new romantic relationship will flood the "reward" part of the mind, which implies partners can truly turn out to be addicted to one another. "These are the identical areas which are activated when somebody takes an addictive drug," Younger says. "It is thought that the first part of the connection is 'addictive' so that two individuals keep shut to each other long enough to form an extended relationship." I would say in most cases folks get over it, however you appeared to have been REALLY close. I would say wait a few months and see how you're feeling then.
Its Whenever You Turn Into Second In Your Own Life
We shared slightly peck at the end of the night time, however we stay up to now apart it's hard to let myself contemplate feeling something for him. I saw Toby in a play in Melbourne once I was 19.


text:
Lithium becomes best-selling battery with PowaKaddy trolleys
11.30am 2nd December 2015	- Corporate
PowaKaddy Lithium Battery
PowaKaddy has announced that Lithium batteries are now outselling lead acid equivalents as the preferred option for golfers powering its electric trolleys.
The Kent-based brand – which recently increased capacity of its high-production facility to help with rising demand for its Freeway trolleys – has seen Lithium sales rise to 54% of total batteries sold this year*, overtaking lead acid units and confirming golfers are embracing the numerous performance and cost benefits of Lithium. Helped by an extensive marketing campaign this year, the biggest swing of golfers moving away from the less powerful lead acid batteries has come in the UK, where Lithium sales have more than doubled in the last year.
"It's really pleasing to see more and more trolley users opting for Lithium batteries and the recent figures highlight that lithium is becoming the battery of choice within the industry," said David Catford, CEO of PowaKaddy. "One of the biggest swings we've seen has been in the UK, where we've made a big effort to communicate the many advantages of lithium to both retailers and avid golfers.
"There are so many advantages for golfers powering their trolley with a Lithium battery, including lower charging costs, lightweight design and, with the five-year warranty on offer, exceptional value," added Catford. "By choosing a PowaKaddy Lithium battery with the latest Lithium-ion Technology, golfers can also rely on the most powerful option on the market, as well as one of the slimmest designs around."
The latest Lithium-ion technology ensures PowaKaddy Lithium batteries pack 20% more power when compared to other brands on the market, while an integrated Battery Management System helps to protect the life of the Lithium battery and provides up to five times longer lifespan than lead acid equivalents. The brand's innovative Plug 'N' Play system, available in both 18-hole and XL 36-hole options, has also instigated more interest in Lithium thanks to the simple streamlined wireless cassette design that eliminates the need for fiddly connectors.
As well as being 75% lighter than lead acid equivalents, PowaKaddy Lithium's offer a faster charging time, further reducing costs. Its sleek and compact design also allows for the battery to remain in the trolley when folded down.
* January – September 2015
PowaKaddy www.PowaKaddy.co.uk.
David Catford / Powakaddy


text:
Q: Convertng a Pandas series of stringg of '%d:%H:%M:%S' format into datetime format I have a Pandas series which consists of strings of '169:21:5:24', '54:9:19:29', and so on which stand for 169 days 21 hours 5 minutes 24 seconds and 54 days 9 hours 19 minutes 29 seconds, respectively.
I want to convert them to datetime object (preferable) or just integers of seconds.
The first try was
pd.to_datetime(series1, format = '%d:%H:%M:%S')

which failed with an error message
time data '169:21:5:24' does not match format '%d:%H:%M:%S' (match)

The second try
pd.to_datetime(series1)

also failed with
expected hh:mm:ss format

The first try seems to work if all the 'days' are less than 30 or 31 days, but my data includes 150 days, 250 days etc and with no month value.
Finally,
temp_list1 = [[int(subitem) for subitem in item.split(":")] for item in series1]
temp_list2 = [item[0] * 24 * 3600 + item[1] * 3600 + item[2] * 60 + item[3] for item in temp_list1]

successfully converted the Series into a list of seconds, but this is lengthy.
I wonder if there is a Pandas.Series.dt or datetime methods that can deal with such type of data.

A: [PyData.Pandas]: pandas.to_datetime uses (and points to) [Python.Docs]: datetime - strftime() and strptime() Behavior which states (emphasis is mine):

*

*%d - Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal number.

...

*

*%j - Day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number.

So, you're using the wrong directive (correct one is %j):

>>> import pandas as pd
>>>
>>> pd.to_datetime("169:21:5:24", format="%j:%H:%M:%S")
Timestamp('1900-06-18 21:05:24')

As seen, the reference year is 1900 (as specified in the 2nd URL). If you want to use the current year, a bit of extra processing is required:

>>> import datetime
>>>
>>> cur_year_str = "{:04d}:".format(datetime.datetime.today().year)
>>> cur_year_str
'2023:'
>>>
>>> pd.to_datetime(cur_year_str + "169:21:5:24", format="%Y:%j:%H:%M:%S")
Timestamp('2023-06-18 21:05:24')
>>>
>>> # Quick leap year test
>>> pd.to_datetime("2020:169:21:5:24", format="%Y:%j:%H:%M:%S")
Timestamp('2020-06-17 21:05:24')

All in all:

>>> series = pd.Series(("169:21:5:24", "54:9:19:29"))
>>> pd.to_datetime(year_str + series, format="%Y:%j:%H:%M:%S")
0   2023-06-18 21:05:24
1   2023-02-23 09:19:29
dtype: datetime64[ns]

A:
I want to convert them to datetime object (preferable) or just integers of seconds.

It seems to me like you are rather looking for a timedelta because it's unclear what the year should be?
You could do that for example by (ser your series):
ser = pd.Series(["169:21:5:24", "54:9:19:29"])
timedeltas = ser.str.split(":", n=1, expand=True).assign(td=lambda df:
    pd.to_timedelta(df[0].astype("int"), unit="D") + pd.to_timedelta(df[1])
)["td"]
seconds = timedeltas.dt.total_seconds().astype("int")
datetimes = pd.Timestamp("2022") + timedeltas  # year has to be provided

Result:
timedeltas:
0   169 days 21:05:24
1    54 days 09:19:29
Name: td, dtype: timedelta64[ns]

seconds:
0    14677524
1     4699169
Name: td, dtype: int64

datetimes:
0   2022-06-19 21:05:24
1   2022-02-24 09:19:29
Name: td, dtype: datetime64[ns]


The Rochester Professional Consultants Network will host Lori Jansen as she presents "Tax Law Changes for 2018 and Beyond: What You Need to Know Now" from 8 to 9:30 a.m. on Feb. 22 at Five Star Bank City Gate, 395 Westfall Road, Rochester.
Jansen will explain how small businesses can plan for tax reporting, withholding and estimated payments. Attendees will learn about the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, changes to individual deductions, tax rates, and changes to business deductions and entity type considerations.
Call (585) 348-7142 or visit rochesterconsultants.org for information.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Various semantic segmentation networks, either earlier networks like U-Net \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/RonnebergerFB15}, or state of the art models such as DeepLabv3+ \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1802-02611} employ an encoder-decoder architecture. This type of network architectures first downsample data through an encoder to obtain coarse abstract features. Then features are upsampled using a decoder module to recover fine spatial details. Feature maps with the same dimensions from the encoder and the decoder modules are often fused to complement each other.

The encoder-decoder architecture has shown its effectiveness on a wide range of tasks from medical image segmentation \citep{10.1093/bioinformatics/btu080} to street scene parsing \citep{BROSTOW200988,MVD2017}. However, the decoder and the optional bridge between the encoder and the decoder require a considerable number of parameters. Moreover, unlike the encoder that is often pretrained on the ImageNet dataset \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/RussakovskyDSKSMHKKBBF14}, the decoder needs to be trained from scratch, thus leading to an information asymmetry between the encoder and the decoder.

Given the drawbacks of attaching a decoder to an encoder, we evaluate  if semantic segmentation with an encoder and no dedicated decoding layers can be employed without degradation. Our technique does not modify the architecture of the encoder, and therefore can be used with any base network - e.g., VGG \citep{Simonyan14c}, ResNet \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/HeZRS15} and Xception \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/Chollet16a}.

This paper is organized as follows, in Section \ref{sec:related_work} we discuss semantic segmentation related work. In Section \ref{sec:methods} we describe the theory behind feedbackward decoding. In Section \ref{sec:experiments} we describe quantitative experiments performed using feedbackward decoding. In Section \ref{sec:results} we compare our approach with other methods of transforming low resolution feature maps to high resolution score maps. In Section \ref{sec:discussion} we discuss optimization of weight matrices. Finally, in Section \ref{sec:conclusions} we conclude with observations and summarize our findings.

\section{Related Work}\label{sec:related_work}
The objective of semantic segmentation is to find a mapping from an input image $\displaystyle {\tens{X}} \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w \times c}$ to a segmentation mask $\displaystyle {\tens{M}} \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w}$, where $\displaystyle h$ is the height of the input image, $\displaystyle w$ the width and $\displaystyle c$ the number of channels. This problem is often solved by first mapping $\displaystyle {\tens{X}}$ to $\displaystyle k$ score maps or collectively as a score tensor $\displaystyle {\tens{Y}} \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w \times k}$, where $\displaystyle k$ is the number of possible classes in the scene. Each pixel is then labeled with the class that has the highest score.

Traditional methods use a variety of techniques. Section 3 of \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1809-10198} provides a detailed overview of those for the interested readers. Most of the traditional techniques and methods became obsolete once deep learning based algorithms were introduced. Among deep learning based algorithms, the Fully Convolutional Network \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/LongSD14} is one of the most popular frameworks due to its ability to be trained end-to-end and the flexibility to process inputs of arbitrary resolutions.

Fully convolutional networks usually borrow a subset of layers from state of the art classifiers as their feature extractors, on top of which task-specific layers can be added. Because those classifiers are designed to progressively increase the number of feature maps, they often have to gradually decrease the size of feature maps to compensate for the increased resource requirements. Consequently, spatial information is lost as data flows downstream. This is not a problem for classification-only tasks as we only care about the dominating class in the image but semantic segmentation requires a pixel-to-pixel mapping from image to class. Therefore, there exists a contention between acquiring semantic features and preserving spatial information.

To resolve this contention, numerous solutions have been proposed. \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/LongSD14} applies transposed convolution with fractional input strides. Despite its name, transposed convolution does not really use the transpose of existing convolutional weights. Instead, the weights of transposed convolutional layers are initialized to perform bilinear interpolation, and then updated through training. When used with fractional input strides, transposed convolution scales up spatial dimensions by factors that are equal to the inverses of the input strides. Fractionally-strided convolution combines resizing and convolution into a single step but the convolutional filters may be poorly utilized due to the sparsity of the 0-inserted feature maps. Section 4.6 of \cite{Dumoulin2016AGT} gives a good illustration of this problem. In addition, transposed convolutions are further burdened when filter dimensions are not divisible by the input strides \citep{odena2016deconvolution}.

Networks such as the ones in \cite{Chen2014SemanticIS,DBLP:journals/corr/ChenPK0Y16,DBLP:journals/corr/ChenPSA17} and \cite{Yu2015MultiScaleCA} attempt to prevent reduced resolution by limiting the number of downsampling operations. However, this only relieves the symptom but does not cure the cause because computation at full resolution is often infeasible. As a result, log probabilities are usually predicted at a reasonable scale and then interpolated to full resolution. Alternatively,  in \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/BadrinarayananK15} max unpooling is used in place of interpolation.

Interpolation or unpooling alone is further complicated in that the produced score maps are often too coarse to capture sharp details. To refine the results, models like SegNet \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/BadrinarayananK15}, U-Net \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/RonnebergerFB15}, RefineNet \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/LinMS016} and DeepLabv3+ \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1802-02611} chain upsampling with convolution to achieve learnable upsampling. These models typically employ an encoder-decoder architecture in which the encoder performs convolutions followed by downsampling and the decoder performs upsampling followed by convolutions. Currently, this architecture is one of the most effective ways to approach semantic segmentation and noteably DeepLabv3+ achieves state of the art results on many benchmarks.

In spite of the encoder-decoder architecture being well known, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there has yet to be a publication that discusses how to reuse existing encoder parameters to decode. In a decoder module, not only are features mapped from smaller spatial dimensions to larger ones, but they also have to be projected from a higher channel dimension to a lower one. This is currently achieved by adding more convolutional layers. However, unlike their pretrained encoding counterparts, the new decoding convolutional filters do not have any previous experience; hence they are considerably harder to train and often become the performance bottleneck in the system. Our proposed method solves both problems with a single solution that allows convolutional filters in the downsampling and channel expanding path to carry over their knowledge and use it to guide semantic segmentation in the upsampling and channel contracting path.

\section{Methods}\label{sec:methods}
Feedbackward decoding is influenced by multitask learning that is present in many machine learning applications. In \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/RedmonDGF15,DBLP:journals/corr/RedmonF16,DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1804-02767}, the same layers are used for both classification and bounding box prediction; Multitask Question Answering Network \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1806-08730} is trained to perform a variety of complex natural language tasks including machine translation, summarization, sentiment analysis, etc. These works differ greatly in their objectives but they share a common design point: layers in a neural network are capable of accomplishing different goals. It turns out, multitask learning is not only possible, but also improves generalization because the shared parameters are more constrained towards good values (\citealp[P.~244]{Goodfellow-et-al-2016}).

Inspired by the possibility of a neural network to perform multiple tasks, our method trains a network to do both encoding and decoding. Our goal is to construct a decoder using the existing encoding layers. Consider a convolutional layer L = Conv2D($\displaystyle c_1$, $\displaystyle c_2$, ($\displaystyle m$, $\displaystyle n$)) with unit strides, "same" padding \citep{Dumoulin2016AGT} and no bias in an encoder module, where $\displaystyle c_1$ is the number of input channels, $\displaystyle c_2$ the number of output channels, $\displaystyle m$ the filter height and $\displaystyle n$ the filter width. Given an input tensor $\displaystyle {\tens{A}} \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w \times c_1}$, L produces an output tensor $\displaystyle {\tens{B}} \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w \times c_2}$. If desired $\displaystyle {\tens{B}}$ can be further downsampled to a tensor $\displaystyle {\tens{C}} \in \mathbb{R}^{\frac{h}{s} \times \frac{w}{t} \times c_2}$ through pooling with non-unit strides $\displaystyle s$ and $\displaystyle t$. Alternatively, pooling can be replaced with setting the strides of L to be $\displaystyle s$ and $\displaystyle t$.

In order for the decoder to transform $\displaystyle {\tens{C}}$ back to a tensor $\displaystyle {\tens{A}}' \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w \times c_1}$ that has the same dimensions as $\displaystyle {\tens{A}}$, we use interpolation followed by convolution. $\displaystyle {\tens{C}}$ is first upsampled to a tensor $\displaystyle {\tens{B}}' \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w \times c_2}$ if it was downsampled from $\displaystyle {\tens{B}}$. This transformation is not novel. However, we observe if  $\displaystyle c_1 = c_2$ then we can use the same convolutional layer L (with unit strides) to transform $\displaystyle {\tens{B}}'$ to $\displaystyle {\tens{A}}'$. That is, if L does not change the number of feature maps, we can simply use it as a decoding layer instead of adding an additional layer L'.

When L changes the channel dimension, we cannot directly feed $\displaystyle {\tens{B}}'$ to L and get $\displaystyle {\tens{A}}'$. However, a layer is just an encapsulation of the underlying operation. To transform $\displaystyle {\tens{A}}$ to $\displaystyle {\tens{B}}$, the underlying convolution of L needs a weight tensor $\displaystyle {\tens{W}} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n \times c_1 \times c_2}$. Likewise, to transform $\displaystyle {\tens{B}}'$ to $\displaystyle {\tens{A}}'$, the underlying convolution of a layer L' requires a weight tensor $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}' \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n \times c_2 \times c_1}$. We find the encoding weight $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}$ and the decoding weight $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}'$ are equal in size. This equivalence conveniently makes it possible for us to use L for both encoding and decoding by deriving $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}'$ from $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}$.

There are many possible ways to derive $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}'$ from $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}$. We found that a simple and efficient method is to permute the dimensions of $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}$ so that $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}$ has the same dimensions $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}'$ requires. In other words, $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}' \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w \times c_2 \times c_1}$ can be derived from $\displaystyle {\tens{W}} \in \mathbb{R}^{h \times w \times c_1 \times c_2}$ by simply swapping the input channel dimension  $\displaystyle c_1$ and the output channel dimension $\displaystyle c_2$. This optimization allows us to realize that a convolutional layer is inherently capable of projecting features to a different dimension in one pass and reversing its effect in the opposite pass. Moreover, this non-destructive derivation of $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}'$ preserves the inner structure of the original convolutional filters in $\displaystyle {\tens{W}}$.

To elaborate, let us represent $\displaystyle {\tens{W}} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n \times c_1 \times c_2}$ as a filter matrix $\displaystyle {\bm{W}}_F \in \mathbb{R}^{c_1 \times c_2}$ whose entries are convolutional filters $\displaystyle F_{i,j} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$, where $\displaystyle 0 \leq i < c_1$ and $\displaystyle 0 \leq j < c_2$. In the forward pass, each column of filters in $\displaystyle {\bm{W}}_F$ works as a group to output a single number at every spatial location.

To derive the filter matrix $\displaystyle {\bm{W}}'_F \in \mathbb{R}^{c_2 \times c_1}$ for the backward pass, we transpose $\displaystyle {\bm{W}}_F \in \mathbb{R}^{c_1 \times c_2}$ by swapping the input channel dimension and the output channel dimension of $\displaystyle {\tens{W}} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n \times c_1 \times c_2}$. Because each column in $\displaystyle {\bm{W}}'_F$ was once a row in $\displaystyle {\bm{W}}_F$, grouping the convolutional filters of $\displaystyle {\bm{W}}'_F$ into columns is equivalent to grouping the convolutional filters of $\displaystyle {\bm{W}}$ into rows. This means a convolutional layer can change the number of feature maps in the opposite direction by regrouping its filters and the filters themselves can be kept intact.

\section{Experiments}\label{sec:experiments}
We evaluate the performance of feedbackward decoding on the Cityscapes \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/CordtsORREBFRS16} semantic segmentation benchmark. We chose VGG-16 \citep{Simonyan14c} as the base network due to its straightforward and simple architecture. It consists of 16 trainable layers. The first 13 layers are convolutional and the last 3 layers are fully connected.

We removed the last 3 fully connected layers because they contain nearly 90\% of the parameters but note they may be reused by casting them to convolutional layers with a kernel size of $\displaystyle 1 \times 1$. In place of the fully connected layers we added one additional convolutional layer since that is the minimum requirement to transform the final feature maps to class score maps. For each convolutional layer, we discard the bias and add two batch normalization \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/IoffeS15} operations to handle the shifting - one for the forward pass and one for the backward pass. The activation functions are set to be ReLU \citep{Nair:2010:RLU:3104322.3104425} throughout the network except for the last layer, which is set to be softmax (\citealp[P.~180]{Goodfellow-et-al-2016}). No other layers are added to allow comparison to the original VGG-16 network.

We experimented with two variants of feedbackward decoding VGG, which we call VGG-PWP and VGG-PWN. PWP means the dimensions of pretrained convolutional weights are \textbf{p}ermuted \textbf{w}henever \textbf{p}ossible in the backward pass, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:vgg_pwp}; PWN means they are \textbf{p}ermuted \textbf{w}hen \textbf{n}ecessary, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:vgg_pwn}. The two variants have the exact same layers. The only difference is when the dimensions of weights are permuted in the backward pass.

\begin{figure}[p]
\includegraphics{eps/vgg-pwp.eps}
\caption{VGG-PWP}
\label{fig:vgg_pwp}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[p]
\includegraphics{eps/vgg-pwn.eps}
\caption{VGG-PWN}
\label{fig:vgg_pwn}
\end{figure}

The adapted VGG networks consist of three parts, fully convolutional layers, a transitional U-turn stage, and a final classifier. The fully convolutional layers are divided into 5 blocks based on the number of output channels. Adjacent blocks are separated by max pooling in the forward pass and interpolation in the backward pass. There are several modes of interpolation. In this work we used the simplest nearest neighbor interpolation.

In the forward pass, information flows from the first layer of the network to the last one. This is the same as all encoder implementations. Once the last layer is reached, a downsampling followed by an upsampling reverses the direction of information flow. Feature maps at depth $\displaystyle d$ in the backward pass are added with the ones at depth $\displaystyle d - 1$ from the forward pass. The only exception is the feature maps at depth $\displaystyle 0$, which are directly fed to the final classifier. The fused feature maps at depth $\displaystyle d$ are then fed to a convolutional layer at depth $\displaystyle d - 1$ in the reverse direction to generate the feedbackward features at depth $\displaystyle d - 1$. If the convolutional layer at depth $\displaystyle d - 1$ changes the channel dimension then the dimensions of its weight need to be permuted as described in Section \ref{sec:methods}.

In the backward pass, information flows from the last layer to the first layer. It is then sent to the final classification layer. Wherever max pooling was performed in the forward direction, interpolation is performed when processing the backward direction. Additionally, the final score maps are bilinearly interpolated from $\displaystyle 512 \times 1024$ to $\displaystyle 1024 \times 2048$ because the input image is decimated from $\displaystyle 1024 \times 2048$ to $\displaystyle 512 \times 1024$.

There are four evaluation metrics, "IoU class", "iIoU class", "IoU category" and "iIoU category" \citep{DBLP:journals/corr/CordtsORREBFRS16} for the Cityscapes semantic segmentation benchmark. Our training process primarily maximizes the "IoU class" score, which is the intersection over union averaged over the 19 classes. We choose to minimize the loss function proposed in \cite{10.1007/978-3-319-50835-1_22} as it directly approximates the evaluation metric and is more robust to class imbalance. We chose Adam \citep{Kingma2014AdamAM} with the default parameters to be our optimizer and we set the batch size to be 2. To reduce training time, we did not use the additional weakly labeled samples. Additionally random horizontal flipping is the only transformation applied. We train the network on the training set with a constant learning rate of 0.001 and terminate the training process when the performance on the validation set starts to degrade.

\section{Results}\label{sec:results}
\begin{table}[t]
\caption{Cityscapes semantic segmentation results}
\label{cityscapes_results}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{llllll}
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf model}
&\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf IoU class}
&\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf iIoU class}
&\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf IoU category}
&\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf iIoU category}
&\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf params}
\\ \hline \\
SegNet &57.0 &32.0 &79.1 &61.9 &29.4M \\
DeepLab LargeFOV &64.8 &34.9 &81.3 &58.7 &20.5M \\
VGG-PWP &64.8 &41.9 &86.3 &71.8 &\textbf{14.7M} \\
FCN-8s &65.3 &41.7 &85.7 &70.1 &134.5M \\
\textbf{VGG-PWN} &\textbf{67.3} &\textbf{45.3} &\textbf{88.1} &\textbf{73.5} &\textbf{14.7M} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

In Table \ref{cityscapes_results}, we list the results on the Cityscapes semantic segmentation benchmark from our model and other models from frequently cited papers. To be fair, we only compare our model with models that also use VGG-16 as their base network. This way we can ensure the differences in performance do not come from different choices in base models. The table shows our model significantly outperforms the other VGG-16-based models for every metric. Significantly, our model also has the smallest number of parameters.

Both variants dramatically outperform SegNet while using 50.0\% less parameters. The relative increases in the four scores achieved by VGG-PWP are 13.7\%, 31.0\%, 9.1\% and 16.0\% respectively; The relative increases achieved by VGG-PWN are 18.1\%, 41.6\%, 11.4\% and 18.7\% respectively.

Compared to DeepLab LargeFOV, our networks use 28.3\% less parameters. The PWP variant and DeepLab LargeFOV perform equally well on the "IoU class" metric but the former is significantly better than the latter on the other metrics. The performance of VGG-PWP is 20.1\% better than DeepLab LargeFOV on "iIoU class", 6.2\% better on "IoU category" and 19.4\% better on "iIoU category". The PWN variant also beats DeepLab LargeFOV on these three metrics. The relative improvements are 30.0\%, 8.4\% and 25.2\% respectively. In addition, the "IoU class" score of VGG-PWN is 3.9\% higher than the one of DeepLab LargeFOV.

Our networks are 89.1\% smaller than FCN-8s in model size. Nonetheless, the four scores of VGG-PWN are 3.1\%, 8.6\%, 2.8\% and 4.9\% higher than the respective ones of FCN-8s. Although the "IoU class" score of VGG-PWP is 0.8\% lower than the one of FCN-8s, the other three scores are 0.5\%, 0.7\% and 2.4\% higher.

\section{Discussion}\label{sec:discussion}
 Structurally, SegNet is the closest VGG-16-based model to our adapted VGG-16. It uses only the 13 convolutional layers from VGG-16 for encoding. It also uses a decoder topologically similar to the encoder. The main difference is that the decoder of SegNet is comprised of physical layers while the decoding layers of our model share the encoder layers. In the conventional sense of layers, there are 26 convolutional layers in SegNet and 14 convolutional layers in our model. In \citealp[P.~341]{Goodfellow-et-al-2016}, one way to define the depth of a convolutional neural network is by counting the number of layers that have kernel tensors, or equivalently convolutional layers in this case. By that definition, SegNet is almost twice as deep as our model. However, if we measure the depth of our model not by its number of convolutional layers but by the total number of times information passes through a convolutional layer, then the depth of out model is effectively 27. Therefore, despite having less independent layers, our model is as deep as SegNet. This means our model and SegNet are comparable in terms of model capacity. However, since feedbackward decoding only requires half the number of parameters, our model is much less prone to overfitting (\citealp[P.~112]{Goodfellow-et-al-2016}). It is possible the better generalization capability of feedbackward decoding contributes to our model significantly outperforming SegNet.

DeepLab LargeFOV is one of the first semantic segmentation networks to use atrous convolution. Atrous convolution is now used in almost all state-of-the-art semantic segmentation models. It also uses conditional random fields as a post-processing technique. In addition, it is trained with 19,998 more samples with coarse annotations, whereas our model is only trained with the 2,975 fully labeled samples. Far fewer samples are needed in our training process because the backward pass of our model uses the same weights as the forward pass.

Both FCN-8s and our method consider how convolution can be manipulated to work in both directions. However, the authors of FCN-8s did not use the existing convolutional weights and instead trained new weights.

When a convolutional layer does not change the channel dimension of feature maps, the input and output dimensions of its weight can be either permuted or left as they are in the backward pass. Our experiments showed that better results were achieved by permuting the dimensions only when necessary instead of permuting them whenever possible. As mentioned in section \ref{sec:methods}, convolutional filters are trained to work effectively in teams. A permutation breaks up the grouping and the regrouped filters may not work as effectively as when paired with their original groupings. By permuting the dimensions only when necessary, more beneficial filter groups can be kept together and the overall performance is improved.

\section{Conclusions}\label{sec:conclusions}
Current semantic segmentation models are typically feedforward networks. A feedforward convolutional neural network is a path that has an origin and a destination. A high resolution image leaves the origin and becomes a set of low resolution feature maps at the destination. Since a single convolutional layer can process inputs from both sides, a convolutional neural network can reverse its entrance and exit. When information can flow backward, semantic segmentation no longer requires additional decoding layers. In this paper we show that the best variant of our VGG-16 based model uses 50.0\% less parameters than SegNet, 28.3\% less parameters than DeepLab LargeFOV and 89.1\% less parameters than FCN-8s; and the relative improvements on the "IoU class" metric are 18.1\%, 3.9\% and 3.1\% respectively.
This provides support that semantic segmentation may be better improved by efficiently utilizing existing parameters rather than stacking more layers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Junia Lepida est la fille d'Aemilia Lepida et la plus jeune sœur de Junia Calvina. Elle est mariée à Caius Cassius Longinus. N'ayant pas d'enfant, elle prend chez elle  Lucius Junius Silanus Torquatus le jeune, son neveu resté orphelin après la mort de son père Marcus Junius Silanus. Avec son mari elle élève cet enfant comme son fils. Elle fut accusée par Néron d'inceste avec son neveu et de magie noire.

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Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Tacite, Annales

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Personnalité féminine du Ier siècle
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Custom DVD by hannahblue, using the German DVD release as source material. English subtitles were added.
Transferred and remastered by LuigiBastardo, using the US VHS release as source material.
"A family's Christmas reunion gets off to a bad start when the son brings home his girlfriend, leading to an awkward feeling of deja-vu between her and the boy's psychic mother. Weird things begin happening, the weirdest of which happens to be the presence of a glowing samurai warrior who's murderous tendencies appear to be linked to the girlfriend's orgasms.
Apparently ripped from a super dark Japanese VHS release.
Created by capncapn from a mix of sources, including the Italian VHS release and the American Alpha-Video DVD.
Originally sourced from a Greek VHS release, but a digital generation was added somewhere along the line.
DVD authored and remastered by kuenfist, using the Russian DVD release as source material. Italian and English were added in addition to English subtitles.
A Luisa project, adding English subtitles to the Italian CineKult release.


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