The Free Software Foundation was contacted about making LibreDWG GPLv2+ instead (since the FSF is the copyright holder), but the FSF/Richard Stallman doesn't the DWG library on the earlier version of their own open-source license.
The FSF's founding principle is that of software freedom (beginning with the GNU project). Now, consider the reason for the creation of the GPLv3—the GPLv2 could not sufficiently protect against software patents and newer threats such as "tivoization". These goals further the FSF's mission of ensuring—in this case—that free software remains free (a concept that RMS coined "copyleft"). It would make sense, then, that the FSF (and RMS') position is that it is important that we adopt the GPLv3 for our software.
From this perspective, it does not make sense to "downgrade" LibreDWG's license to the GPLv2, which contains various bugs that have since been patched in GPLv3—it is not pursuant to the FSF's goals. (Of course, not all agree with the GPLv3; one such notable disagreement (as well as issues stemming from copyright assignment) leaves the kernel Linux perpetually licensed under the GPLv2 since it does not contain the "or later" clause).
That is not to say that the author's concern is not legitimate—a number of projects are licensed under the GPLv2 and therefore cannot use the newer (and improved) versions of LibreDWG that are licensed under the GPLv3 (unless they were to upgrade to the GPLv3, of course). Whether or not upgrading is feasible (e.g., in the case of the kernel Linux, it is not) is irrelevant—let us instead focus on the issue of adoption under the assumption that the project is either unwilling or unable to make use of a library licensed under the GPLv3.
A focus on adoption is a focus of "open source", not free software, the latter of which the FSF represents. With a focus on software freedom, the goal is to create software that respects the users' four essential freedoms; if the software is adopted and used, great! However, freedom should never be sacrificed in order to encourage adoption. One may argue that "downgrading" to the GPLv2 is not sacrificing freedom because the software is still free (it is even the GPL)—but it is important to again realize that the GPLv3 is "more free" than the GPLv2 in the sense that it protects additional freedoms; so, while the GPLv2 isn't necessarily sacrificing users' freedoms directly, it does have such an indirect effect through means of enforcement.
Using the ordinary GPL is not advantageous for every library. There are reasons that can make it better to use the Lesser GPL in certain cases. The most common case is when a free library's features are readily available for proprietary software through other alternative libraries. In that case, the library cannot give free software any particular advantage, so it is better to use the Lesser GPL for that library.
It was for this reason that glibc was released under the LGPL—because it was better to have the users adopt some sort of free software than none at all; there were other alternatives that existed that users may flock to if they were forced to liberate their own proprietary software (after all, the C API is also standardized, so such a feat would be trivial). Now that glibc has since matured greatly, it could be argued today that it has proved its usefulness and the LGPL may no longer be necessary, but such a discussion is not necessarily relevant for this conversation.
What is important is that the FSF does not recommend the LGPL for most libraries because that would encourage proprietary software developers to take advantage of both the hard work of the free software community and the users of the software. Now, I cannot speak toward the alternatives to LibreDWG—do there exist proprietary alternatives that are reasonable alternatives to non-commercial projects? I do not have experience with the library. However, I hope by this point the FSF's position has been rationalize (even if you—the reader—do not agree with it).
Of course, this rationalization will still leave a sour taste in the mouth of those "open source" developers (or perhaps even some free software developers) that think in terms of what is "lost": these projects—which are themselves free software and therefore beneficial to our community—cannot take advantage of other free software due to this licensing issue. Since these projects had already existed when LibreDWG was licensed under the GPLv2, the relicensing to GPLv3 may seem unfair and, therefore, a "loss". It is difficult to counter such an argument if the above rationale has not been sufficient; nor will I argue that the situation is not unfortunate, should the projects be unable to relicense. However, it must be understood that, to ensure the future of free software, the FSF must adopt to combat today's threats and so too must other free software projects.
The Phoronix article mentioned two projects in particular that suffer from LibreDWG's relicensing: LibreCAD and FreeCAD. LibreCAD omits the "or later" clause that was mentioned above, preventing them from easily migrating to the GPLv2 (which is against the FSF's recommendation). Unless the project requires that contributors assign copyright to the project owner, then they would have to get permission from each contributor (or rewrite the code) in order to change the license (which is not unheard of; VLC had done so recently to migrate from the GPL to the LGPL); this is a significant barrier for any project with multiple contributors, especially when your project is a derivative work (of QCad).
The other project mention was FreeCAD, and the author of the article mentions that the project depends on Coin3D and Open CASCADE, "both of which are GPLv2", so the project cannot migrate to GPLv3. A quick look at Coin3D's website shows that the software is actually licensed under the modified (3-clause) BSD license, and so migrating to the GPLv3 is not an issue. Open CASCADE has its own "public license" that I do not have the time to evaluate (nor am I lawyer, so I do not wish to give such advice), so I cannot speak to its compatibility with the GPLv3. That said, I'm unsure if it would be a barrier toward FreeCAD's adoption of the GPLv3.
Ultimately, the moral of the story is to plan for the future—if you use a project licensed under the GPL, ensure that it has the "or later" clause that allows it to be licensed under later version of the GPL, since you can be sure that the FSF and many other free software developers will be quick to adopt the license. Of course, many may not be comfortable with such a licensing decision: you effectively are giving the FSF permission to relicense you work by simply releasing a new version of the GPL. It is your decision whether you are willing to place this kind of trust in the organization responsible for starting the free software movement in the first place.
Readers may now assume that I am placing the entire blame and onus on the implementors of LibreDWG. The onus, perhaps, but not the blame—this truly is an unfortunate circumstance that takes away from hacking a free software project. Unfortunately, the projects are stuck in a bad place, but the FSF is not to blame for standing firm in their ideals. Instead, this can be thought of as a maintenance issue—rather than a source code refactoring resulting from a library API change, we instead require a "legal code" refactoring resulting from a "legal API" change.


An American-styled diner opened in the 60s in the heart of Porto.
A modern 70 year old cafe that is rumored to have the best and most varied pastries in the city.
This café has been around since 1933 and its has a very cultural and intellectual atmosphere.
A beach-side cafe that stays open throughout the year because you deserve a drink by the beach on your vacation.
The cafe's name is "the best chocolate cake in the world." How can you not go?


Intterra will attend the annual FRI Conference in Atlanta GA from Aug 7-10, to grow, exchange ideas, and share skills on how to navigate through difficult leadership challenges.
Join us in a highly collaborative and fun environment as we bring Intterra customers and their partners from California to engage in valuable interactions.
Intterra will be exhibiting (Booth #504) at WUI 2019 where firefighters, researchers and leadership collaborate on emerging issues and educate wildland-fire management.
Join Intterra at Wildfire Technology Innovation Summit where attendees will have the opportunity to learn from experts, practitioners and entrepreneurs.
Intterra will be exhibiting (Booth #8) at CPSE Excellence Conference on March 12-13 in Orange County, CA, where Accreditation and Credentialing Bootcamps are offered.


Rio de Janeiro is one of the biggest cities in all of North and South America. It is the most important city in Brazil when it comes to recreation and tourism, thanks to its coastal location and over 80 kilometers of open beaches. If you are planning on a visit to Rio de Janeiro, follow these transportation tips to make your trip as smooth as possible.
The best way to get from the airport into the city is by taxi. One popular company used commonly by recreational and business travelers is Rio Airport Transfer. They are very punctual and can help transport you around the city for the entirety of the time that you are there. When it comes to getting picked up from the airport, this company is a much better option than hailing a regular taxi cab thanks to their reliability.
The bus system in Rio de Janeiro is very easy to use. The fares for each trip are posted clearly. You just pay for the ride at the turnstile and get on the bus. They go almost everywhere tourists want to go in the city. They are even a good option for those that are looking to take some day trips to nearby attractions while they are there. You should also take the bus to the train station that will take you up to look at the Christ the Redeemer Statue.
The Metro is another great way to get around Rio. It is extremely affordable, reliable, and safe during the day. The metro goes to many of the most important tourist attractions in the area and also goes to the beach.
Editor's note: The information contained on this page was compiled using real traveler reviews about transportation in Rio de Janeiro.


A developer tool for interacting with and querying the Max for Live API within a Live session. Try out sample commands sent to live.object and live.path objects, or learn behavior of live.observer on observable properties. LiveAPI-Interactive simplifies debugging of LiveAPI calls by printing your typed commands and their output directly into a console.
LiveAPI-Interactive helps a Max for Live device developer ask and answer questions of "how do I do that?", "is it possible to do X", "why doesn't this API command do what I think it will?". It's a practical complement to the LiveAPI documentation.
Using the LiveAPI-Interactive window to change and observe Send A level in the first track.
Usage overview is built into the floating window.


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from caffe2.python import core, scope
from caffe2.python.modeling.parameter_info import ParameterTags
from caffe2.proto import caffe2_pb2

def lrn(model, blob_in, blob_out, order="NCHW", use_cudnn=False, **kwargs):
    """LRN"""
    dev = kwargs['device_option'] if 'device_option' in kwargs \
        else scope.CurrentDeviceScope()
    is_cpu = dev is None or dev.device_type == caffe2_pb2.CPU
    if use_cudnn and (not is_cpu):
        kwargs['engine'] = 'CUDNN'
        blobs_out = blob_out
    else:
        blobs_out = [blob_out, "_" + blob_out + "_scale"]
    lrn = model.net.LRN(
        blob_in,
        blobs_out,
        order=order,
        **kwargs
    )

    if use_cudnn and (not is_cpu):
        return lrn
    else:
        return lrn[0]

def softmax(model, blob_in, blob_out=None, use_cudnn=False, **kwargs):
    """Softmax."""
    if use_cudnn:
        kwargs['engine'] = 'CUDNN'
    if blob_out is not None:
        return model.net.Softmax(blob_in, blob_out, **kwargs)
    else:
        return model.net.Softmax(blob_in, **kwargs)

def instance_norm(model, blob_in, blob_out, dim_in, order="NCHW", **kwargs):
    blob_out = blob_out or model.net.NextName()
    # Input: input, scale, bias
    # Output: output, saved_mean, saved_inv_std
    # scale: initialize with ones
    # bias: initialize with zeros

    def init_blob(value, suffix):
        return model.param_init_net.ConstantFill(
            [], blob_out + "_" + suffix, shape=[dim_in], value=value)
    scale, bias = init_blob(1.0, "s"), init_blob(0.0, "b")

    model.AddParameter(scale, ParameterTags.WEIGHT)
    model.AddParameter(bias, ParameterTags.BIAS)
    blob_outs = [blob_out, blob_out + "_sm", blob_out + "_siv"]
    if 'is_test' in kwargs and kwargs['is_test']:
        blob_outputs = model.net.InstanceNorm(
            [blob_in, scale, bias], [blob_out],
            order=order, **kwargs)
        return blob_outputs
    else:
        blob_outputs = model.net.InstanceNorm(
            [blob_in, scale, bias], blob_outs,
            order=order, **kwargs)
        # Return the output
        return blob_outputs[0]

def spatial_bn(model, blob_in, blob_out, dim_in, order="NCHW", **kwargs):
    blob_out = blob_out or model.net.NextName()
    # Input: input, scale, bias, est_mean, est_inv_var
    # Output: output, running_mean, running_inv_var, saved_mean,
    #         saved_inv_var
    # scale: initialize with ones
    # bias: initialize with zeros
    # est mean: zero
    # est var: ones

    def init_blob(value, suffix):
        return model.param_init_net.ConstantFill(
            [], blob_out + "_" + suffix, shape=[dim_in], value=value)

    if model.init_params:
        scale, bias = init_blob(1.0, "s"), init_blob(0.0, "b")
        running_mean = init_blob(0.0, "rm")
        running_inv_var = init_blob(1.0, "riv")
    else:
        scale = core.ScopedBlobReference(
            blob_out + '_s', model.param_init_net)
        bias = core.ScopedBlobReference(
            blob_out + '_b', model.param_init_net)
        running_mean = core.ScopedBlobReference(
            blob_out + '_rm', model.param_init_net)
        running_inv_var = core.ScopedBlobReference(
            blob_out + '_riv', model.param_init_net)

    model.AddParameter(running_mean, ParameterTags.COMPUTED_PARAM)
    model.AddParameter(running_inv_var, ParameterTags.COMPUTED_PARAM)
    model.AddParameter(scale, ParameterTags.WEIGHT)
    model.AddParameter(bias, ParameterTags.BIAS)

    blob_outs = [blob_out, running_mean, running_inv_var,
                 blob_out + "_sm", blob_out + "_siv"]
    if 'is_test' in kwargs and kwargs['is_test']:
        blob_outputs = model.net.SpatialBN(
            [blob_in, scale, bias, blob_outs[1], blob_outs[2]], [blob_out],
            order=order, **kwargs)
        return blob_outputs
    else:
        blob_outputs = model.net.SpatialBN(
            [blob_in, scale, bias, blob_outs[1], blob_outs[2]], blob_outs,
            order=order, **kwargs)
        # Return the output
        return blob_outputs[0]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


RABINOWITZ, BOUDIN, KRINSKY, STANDARD & LIEBERMAN, P.C.
Plaintiff Church of Scientology of California ("CSC") and Intervenor Mary Sue Hubbard ("Mrs. Hubbard") hereby move the Court for an order sealing portions of the record on appeal.
This motion to seal is made on the ground that the case was filed to vindicate property and privacy interests that had been invaded by defendant, and to leave these portions of appellate record unsealed will result in further violations of those interests. In addition, the trial court found that documents in issue in this case were stolen from plaintiff, and that CSC "had made out a prima facie case of conversion, breach of fiduciary duty, and breach of confidence, and that Mary Sue Hubbard had made out a prima facie case of conversion and invasion of privacy." When the case was settled in December 1986, the parties entered into a stipulation that the court files would be sealed, and the July 29, 1991 decision of this Court upheld the validity of that stipulation against a challenge by an individual who was not a party to the underlying action, and ruled that the files below should remain sealed pursuant to agreement of the parties upon settlement.
On July 29, 1991, this Court issued its decision in this case reversing an Order of the trial court unsealing the file in Church of Scientology of California v. Armstrong (B038975). The Court ruled that the trial court files were to remain sealed, but also ruled that "plaintiffs have not formally requested sealing of the record on appeal," and left it open for them to do so. (Decision at 18-19.) Appellants hereby accept that invitation and request that the Court order portions of the appellate record sealed as well.
The full record below has been sealed since December 1986 based upon stipulation of the parties at the time of settlement. Prior to that time, the underlying documents which are the subject matter of this suit were sealed during the pendency of the case because of their confidential nature. The trial court has ruled that defendant's actions with respect to the documents constitute conversion, breach of fiduciary duty, and breach of confidence with respect to plaintiff, and conversion and invasion of privacy with respect to Intervenor Mary Sue Hubbard. The appellate record is permeated with references to and discussions of the stolen documents throughout. Under these circumstances, it is appropriate for the Court to order portions of the record on appeal sealed.
under seal from shortly after the inception of this lawsuit. At that time, Judge Cole of the Superior Court issued a temporary restraining order and then a preliminary injunction requiring defendant to deposit the documents which he had converted from plaintiff with the clerk of the court under seal. They remained under seal up to the time of trial, and many of them continued to be sealed after that time.
Appellants' claims in this case were tried before Judge Breckenridge without a jury in May 1984. At trial, appellants presented their case without introducing any of the private documents so as not to undermine the very privacy rights they brought suit to protect. Nonetheless, at the close of trial, at Armstrong's request, and over appellants' objections, the court admitted into evidence and ordered unsealed a small percentage of the thousands of documents held under seal by the clerk on the ground that they were relevant to Armstrong's defense. These documents were unsealed, and quotations from them and information derived from them entered the trial transcript and pleading file of the case.
After lengthy negotiations, the parties presented Judge Breckenridge on December 11, 1986, with a settlement of Armstrong's countersuit and the injunctive portion of appellants' claims against Armstrong. The injunctive claims were mooted by the return to plaintiff of all but six of the documents which were kept in the court's files because they were in controversy in pending litigation in another case. The returned documents included all documents that had been entered into evidence. An integral, indispensable part of that settlement was the sealing of the court's record 1 and the stolen documents still held by the court.
1. Because of the court's evidentiary rulings, quotations and information from the private documents did appear in the transcript of the trial and the pleading file.
Superior Court Judge Geernaert went far beyond what Corydon requested and ordered the files totally unsealed. In its July 29, 1991 decision, this Court ruled that the unsealing by Judge Geernaert had been improper, and ordered the files resealed. The Court ruled, however, that the appellate files were not to be sealed, but that plaintiff could move for a sealing order.
The record on appeal consists of various categories of documents, primarily the trial transcripts, trial exhibits, including those which were sealed documents which Judge Breckenridge allowed into the trial record, and briefs discussing those exhibits in detail. Because of the findings of the trial court with respect to appellants' prima facie case against defendant on several causes of action, the fact that the documents involved were stolen from plaintiff in the first place, the permeation of the record with the documents or discussion of them, and the negotiated agreement of the parties that the record be sealed, it is appropriate for this Court to seal portions of the record on appeal as well.
Matter of Estate of Hearst (1977) 67 Cal.App.3d 777, 783, 136 Cal.Rptr. 821, 824 ("Clearly a court has inherent power to control its own records to protect the rights of litigants before it . . .."). The Supreme Court has explained that denial of access to judicial records may be appropriate in a variety of situations, including for the protection of privacy interests. Nixon v. Warner Communications, 435 U.S. at 598.
public records should be kept open to the public, but that "countervailing public policy might come into play as a result of events that tend to undermine individual security, personal liberty, or private property, or that injure the public or the public good." A number of factors in this case militate in favor of a conclusion that the record on appeal should be sealed based on such considerations.
First, this case involves property and privacy rights of plaintiff and Intervenor Mary Sue Hubbard, as found by the trial court, which fall within the category of "countervailing public policy." The case arose because defendant violated those rights by stealing the proprietary documents, to which he had no legal right. That this is such a case is one factor warranting the sealing of the files. The nature of the documents stolen — consisting of personal, private, confidential and nonpublic documents — is a second factor which lends itself to a conclusion that the files should be sealed.
California, in fact, provides broader constitutional protection for privacy rights than does the federal constitution.
information derived from them clearly are protected by the right of privacy in California. E.g., City of Carmel-by-the-Sea v. Young (1970) 2 Cal.3d 259, 268, 85 Cal.Rptr. 18; Division of Medical Quality v. Gherardini (1979) 93 Cal.App.3d 669, 678, 156 Cal.Rptr. 55, 60-61. When a constitutional right to privacy is implicated, the courts do not merely balance that right against the right of access to records. Rather, in such cases the judicial records are presumptively placed under seal. See, Richards v. Superior Court (1978) 86 Cal.App.3d 265, 150 Cal.Rptr.77 (party producing private financial information through discovery is presumptively entitled to a protective order limiting disclosure only to counsel for the other party and only for use in that litigation). Only specific, compelling state interests can overcome that presumption — and those interests must be expressly articulated by the trial court.
See, id. at 272, 150 Cal.Rptr. at 81 ("substantial reason … related to the lawsuit" is required for disclosure); Britt v. Superior Court (1978) 20 Cal.3d 844, 856 n.3, 143 Cal.Rptr.695, 702 n.3, 574 P.2d 766; Gunn v. Employment Development Dep't. (1979) 94 Cal.App.3d 658, 156 Cal.Rtpr.584. Privacy rights, along with trade secrets and other limited types of rights, have long been held to warrant sealing of records. See, e.g., Nixon v. Warner Communications, Inc., 435 U.S. at 598; Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. v. F.T.C. (6th Cir. 1983) 710 F.2d 1165, 117 cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1100 (1984).
Annot. 62 A.L.R.2d 509, 513. Thus, cases are legion in which courts have ordered that testimony and exhibits regarding business secrets be submitted in camera, sealed and impounded.
E.g., A.O. Smith Corp. v. Petroleum Iron Works Co. (6th Cir. 1934) 73 F.2d 531, 539 note, modified on other grounds (6th Cir. 1935) 74 F.2d 934 (trial and appellate records sealed); Vitro Corp. v. Hall Chemical Co. (6th Cir. 1958) 254 F.2d 787, 788 (affirming trial court order impounding transcripts, exhibits and briefs).
interest in this material will be irreparably harmed if the entirety of the court file is opened to the public.
were introduced into evidence by the proponents of confidentiality, in this case the proponents opposed the introduction of the documents. Perhaps even more important, while the documents in Hubbard were lawfully seized pursuant to a judicially authorized search warrant, the documents in this case were unilaterally "seized" by a private individual without probable cause and without prior judicial review. The intrusion on privacy is therefore more severe — and any countervailing justification for publicizing the documents and court records reflecting information from them is correspondingly weaker.
The record on appeal in this case consists of the trial transcripts, the documents constituting the appendix, and the various briefs filed in connection with the appeal. Many of these documents contain some discussion of the converted documents which were sealed by the trial court, as discussed in greater detail in the declaration of Kenneth Long, the individual who worked as CSC's representative in connection with this case, and who is familiar with the appellate record. Because of the compelling reasons discussed herein, and particularly the fact that many of the documents in the appellate record, other than the briefs, are the same documents that have been sealed below for nearly five years, portions of the appellate record should also be sealed.
identical documents which exist in the appellate record. It is the policy of California's courts to encourage settlements and to enforce judicially supervised settlements. Phelps v. Kozakar (1983) 146 Cal.App.3d 1078, 1082, 194 Cal.Rptr. 872, 874; Fisher v. Superior Court (1980) 103 Cal.App.3d 434, 437, 440-441, 163 Cal.Rptr. 47, 49, 52. The acceptance of orders sealing judicial records as necessary and proper provisions of settlement agreements is supported by reported cases containing references to such orders without criticism or comment. See, e.g., Champion v. Superior Court (1988) 201 Cal.App.3d 777, 247 Cal.Rptr. 624, 628 (requiring an assertion of need for continued sealing when documents are submitted to be sealed in the appellate court): Owen v. United States (9th Cir. 1983) 713 F.2d 1461, 1462.
In In re Franklin National Bank Securities Litigation (E.D.N.Y. 1981) 92 F.R.D. 468, aff'd sub nom. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Ernst & Ernst (2nd Cir. 1982) 677 F.2d 230 the confidentiality order — insisted on by one party — was a critical factor in the settlement of the case.
Id. at 472. The principles which underlie the ruling in the Franklin litigation apply as well to the sealing of portions of the appellate court file. Other parties to the lawsuit reached a partial settlement of the case — which included a monetary settlement of Armstrong's cross-complaint for monetary damages — in reliance on the order sealing the file. For the same documents which were sealed as a result and other documents discussing the sealed papers, created in relation to the appeal, to be unsealed in the appellate court, works a serious injustice on the plaintiffs.
disregard of prior orders of this court, the court concludes that any restriction, short of complete closure would be ineffective. . . . Publicity of a private crusade has become her end, not the fair adjudication of the parties' dispute. In doing so, plaintiff is stealing the court's resources from other meritorious cases.
Various newspapers protested and appealed the closure order. At the conclusion of the closed proceedings, the magistrate found that Wakefield had wilfully violated the court's injunction, and recommended criminal contempt proceedings. The district court granted the newspapers access to some of the transcripts of the hearings, but refused to permit them access to those which discussed the terms of Wakefield's settlement agreement — that is, those portions of the proceedings which were permeated with discussions of matters which Wakefield and the Church had agreed to keep confidential, and which the Church had brought contempt proceedings to protect. On appeal by the newspapers, the Eleventh Circuit upheld the privacy interests which the Church sought to protect, and refused to grant public access to any more of the record. Id. at 4629 - 4630.
bringing this lawsuit. Self-help, in the form of "seizing the documents from Armstrong," was certainly not appropriate, and no court would wish to encourage such action by penalizing a party for seeking to preserve its privacy rights through the courts.
1. I am over the age of eighteen. I have been employed by Church of Scientology of California ("CSC") for 9 years as a paralegal, acting as CSC's representative to assist various of its attorneys during that time period. I have personal knowledge of the matters set forth below and would and could competently testify thereto if called upon to do so.
2. During the course of my employment as a paralegal, I have worked extensively on the case of Church of Scientology of California v. Armstrong, Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. C 420153, and Appellate Case No. B025920 ("Armstrong"). I am well familiar with the documents on file in Armstrong, both in the Superior Court and on appeal.
3. The trial transcripts which are part of the Armstrong record consist of 4,346 pages of testimony. The single lengthiest testimony is that of defendant, Gerald Armstrong. His testimony covers approximately 852 pages.
Throughout Armtrong's testimony, there was discussion of the documents converted by Armstrong that had been ordered returned to the court and sealed by Judge Cole near the inception of the suit.
Exhibits C, K, L and N in the "Appendix of Appellants" filed in Appeal No. B038975. If these portions of the appellate record are also sealed, it will preserve the property and privacy interests which CSC has fought to protect by its filing of the Armstrong suit, and which the trial court recognized in sealing the documents at the outset of the litigation.


text:
As we approach the 50th anniversary of one of the events that catalyzed the gay liberation movement, we take a look back on its significance in diversifying our nation.
On June 28, 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, a New York City bar that was frequented by members of the gay community. Violence followed and the ensuing riot turned into a two-night uprising. Today, the Stonewall rebellion is symbol of gay empowerment and is widely known as one of the events that inspired the modern LGBT+ rights movement.
At the Center for Social Solutions, we celebrate diversity and its positive impacts on society. Not only did the Stonewall uprising propel gay liberation, but it still impacts the modern LGBT+ rights movement, leading to a more accepting nation. Though there are still many strides we must take to completely abolish discrimination, we champion those who have fought and still battle for equal rights for all.
The above information was drawn from the following materials:
"Memories of That Night at the Stonewall Inn, From Those Who Were There" by Louis Lucero II, The New York Times
Offering the firsthand perspectives of those who were at the Stonewall Inn on the night of the riots, this article expands our understanding of the uprising and what it meant to be involved in such a pivotal event.
"In 1969, I Had No Idea a Social-Justice Movement Could Center a Kid Like Me" by Sue Hyde, The Nation
Chronicling her childhood experiences leading up to the 1969 event, Sue Hyde explains what the Stonewall uprising meant to her.
"50 years after Stonewall: Most see progress in ending LGBTQ discrimination" by Jennifer de Pinto, CBS News
While discrimination against LGBT+ individuals still endures, acceptance of the community has dramatically increased over the last 50 years. CBS News polls display hopeful statistics about the growing respect for the LGBT+ community in America.
"The Photographer Who Captured 20th-Century Queer Life" by Hannah Girogis, The Atlantic
"Art After Stonewall, 1969-1989", an exhibit at the Leslie-Lohman Museum of Gay and Lesbian Art and Grey Art Gallery in New York City, celebrates the LGBT+ community by showcasing art created by its own members. This article explores the experiences of one of the artists featured in the exhibit.
"The Stonewall You Know Is a Myth. And That's O.K.", The New York Times (2019)
This New York Times video identifies some of the common errors in the story of the Stonewall uprising and helps us to better understand what really happened that night.
"Smithsonian Time Capsule: Beyond Stonewall", Smithsonian Channel (2019)
The Smithsonian Channel honors the historic event with this documentary devoted to its story.
Watch on the Smithsonian Channel
"Why the Stonewall Riots represented a 'sea change' for LGBTQ rights", PBS (2019)
Two members of the LGBT+ community discuss their experiences with their identities, noting the differences that arise between generations.
Watch on PBS
"The Sound of Pride: Stonewall at 50", WNYC (2019)
Dedicated to telling the stories of the LGBT+ community, this new series diversifies the voices in podcasting and fosters a deeper understanding of the queer experience.
"Chronicling The LGBT Rights Movement Since The Stonewall Riots", NPR (2019)
Two LGBT+ figures examine the struggles that members of the community still face today, 50 years after Stonewall.
Listen on NPR
Center For Social Solutions; Diversity and Democracy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sept. 24-25, 2019
Illini Union Rooms A/B/C
#iSEECongress2019
Program Coming Soon!
Venue, Parking, and Travel
About the Congress
Environmental justice, the theme of the 2019 iSEE Congress, began as a social movement two decades ago, and is now a keystone concept driving the broader sustainability project. Simultaneously representing a field of scholarship, political agenda, and framework for understanding our fast-changing world, the marriage of social justice and sustainability has moved beyond its initial focus on the inequitable distribution of environmental burdens to incorporate a range of pressing social and ecological issues — Black Lives Matter, indigenous rights, climate change, and biodiversity loss, to name just a few — within a unifying framework that strives to realize sustainable justice for all.
But as human rights advocates know, the concept of justice can be defined in multiple ways, and its implementation into policy, environmental law, ecological design and planning, not to mention global trade, faces great challenges. For example: which social dimension to prioritize — race, class, gender, or age? How to balance the costs of conservation and resilience with poverty alleviation? And what is the role of biophysical sciences, engineering, law, and other academic disciplines in advancing the goals of sustainability justice?
Over two days, "Sustainability Justice" will bring together a diverse group of researchers, educators, journalists, and activists to discuss these urgent questions. The goals of the Congress are to introduce the Illinois campus and community to cutting-edge issues surrounding sustainability and social justice, to build bridges across different approaches, disciplines and geographies, and to chart new directions toward a sustainable, and just, future.
iSEE Congress 2019 is supported by generous funding partners. The organizing committee includes iSEE Associate Directors Gillen D'Arcy Wood and Madhu Khanna, and Illinois faculty members Amy Ando, Trevor Birkenholtz, Jeffrey Brawn, Pradeep Dhillon, Paolo Gardoni, Zsuzsa Gille, McKenzie Johnson, Daniel Miller, and Robert Morrissey.
Fill in the form below, or visit https://forms.illinois.edu/sec/2524204.
View the Brochure!
Note: The session times and dates are set; some of the speakers are tentatively scheduled. More confirmed speakers and info about them … coming soon!
TUESDAY, SEPT. 24
1:30-1:45 p.m. — Opening Remarks
Speaker TBA
Department TBA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
1:45-3:15 p.m. — Panel 1: "What is Sustainability Justice, and Who Decides?"
Moderated by McKenzie Johnson, Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jaskiran Dhillon
Global Studies, New School, New York
Presentation title: Coming soon.
Abstract: Coming soon.
Bio: Coming soon.
More about Dhillon >>>
Samuel Bagg
Politics, Nuffield College, Oxford
Presentation title: "Beyond Deliberation and Participation: Power and Democratization in Sustainability Justice"
Abstract: For decades, well-intentioned reformers placed their faith in the transformative potential of public participation in decision-making processes. Deliberative forums open to all perspectives, it was hoped, would make use of dispersed knowledge to produce better decisions while enabling a more democratic form of control. On both counts, however, these projects have yielded mixed results at best, and in the face of increasingly dire political and environmental developments, many are becoming frustrated with these methods. This presentation considers why these ideas were attractive, why they failed to achieve transformative goals, and how we might think about democratization instead. First, we may salvage what is valuable from deliberative and participatory models by deploying these tools to block specific mechanisms of elite capture rather than attempting to implement a generalized popular will. Second, we must focus much more on building effective countervailing power through movement organizing. Together, these recommendations represent a more oppositional conception of democracy. Rather than aiming for compromise or consensus with extremely powerful actors whose interests are intimately linked to environmental destruction, the goal of democratization in environmental matters must be explicitly to contest their capture of public institutions — by whatever means necessary.
Bio: As of September 2019, Bagg is a Prize Postdoctoral Fellow in Politics at Nuffield College, Oxford. He received his Ph.D. in Political Science from Duke University and served as a Postdoctoral Fellow at McGill University (2017-19). His work in democratic theory has appeared in the American Political Science Review, Perspectives on Politics, and several other scholarly venues. He is completing a book manuscript entitled The Dispersion of Power: A Critical Realist Theory of Democracy.
More about Bagg >>>
Shanondora Billiot
Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
More about Billiot >>>
3:15-3:45 p.m. — Coffee Break
3:45-5:15 p.m. — Roundtable: "Flint and Beyond: Sustainable Water"
Moderated by Ann-Perry Witmer, Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Michael Mascarenhas
Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley
More about Mascarenhas >>>
Danielle Purifoy
Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
More about Purifoy >>>
Mary Pat McGuire
Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
More about McGuire >>>
Jeremy Guest
Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
More about Guest >>>
5:15-6 p.m. — Reception
6-7:15 p.m. — Opening Keynote
Julian Agyeman
Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning, Tufts
Presentation title: "Just Sustainabilities in Policy, Planning and Practice"
Abstract: Agyeman will outline his concept of "just sustainabilities — the full integration of social justice and sustainability, defined as 'the need to ensure a better quality of life for all, now and into the future, in a just and equitable manner, whilst living within the limits of supporting ecosystems." The talk will explore concepts such as coexistence and sharing, belonging and becoming, and Agyman will give practical examples from his recent research into spatial justice in urban planning and design, food justice, sharing cities, and planning in and for intercultural cities.
Bio: Agyeman, Ph.D. FRSA FRGS, is a Professor of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning at Tufts University. He is the originator of the increasingly influential concept of "just sustainabilities," the intentional integration of social justice and sustainability. He centers his research on critical explorations of the complex and embedded relations between humans and the urban environment, whether mediated by governments or social movement organizations, and their effects on public policy and planning processes and outcomes, particularly in relation to notions of justice and equity. An expert, innovator and thought leader, Agyeman's Google Scholar citations have placed him in the top 20 most highly cited urban planning academics in North America. He is the author or editor of 11 books, including: Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World (MIT Press, 2003), Introducing Just Sustainabilities: Policy, Planning and Practice (Zed Books, 2013 and Sharing Cities: A Case for Truly Smart and Sustainable Cities (MIT Press, 2015). He was Co-Founder in 1996, and is now Editor-in-Chief, of Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability. He is Series Editor of Just Sustainabilities: Policy, Planning and Practice published by Zed Books and Co-Editor of the Routledge Equity, Justice and the Sustainable City Series.
More about Agyeman >>>
7:30 p.m. — Dinner (invitation only)
8:15-8:45 a.m — Coffee and Pastries
8:45-10:15 a.m. — Panel 2: "Green Spaces, Just Places"
Moderated by Ken Salo, Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Frances 'Ming' Kuo
Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
More about Kuo >>>
William Stewart
Recreation, Sport, and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Bio: Stewart, a Professor of Recreation, Sport, and Tourism at Illinois, conducts research associated with park and natural resources development and teaches courses in the universitywide environment program. His research facilitates landscape change to improve quality of life and enhance a public sense of place, and the work builds relationships with stakeholders and community leaders to facilitate conservation planning in mixed-use landscapes. His research program incorporates experts from many disciplines, including landscape architects, conservation psychologists, agricultural economists, agricultural engineers, fisheries biologists, planners, and ecologists. Stewart co-authored and co-edited Place-Based Conservation: Perspectives from the Social Sciences (2013). He received his Ph.D. in Watershed Management and Forestry in 1987 from the University of Arizona.
More about Stewart >>>
Winifred Curran
Geography, DePaul University
Presentation title: "Just Green Enough: Contesting Environmental Gentrification"
Abstract: This talk explores the potential for a just green enough strategy to contest environmental gentrification. A just green enough strategy focuses explicitly on social justice and environmental goals as defined by local communities, those people who have been most negatively affected by environmental disamenities, with the goal of keeping those people in place to enjoy any environmental improvements. It is not about shortchanging communities but about challenging the veneer of green that accompanies many projects with questionable ecological and social justice impacts. Drawing on examples from New York and Chicago, I will explore how different visions for the green city are enacted through activism and policy making and interrogate how urban sustainability can be used to open up a space for diversity and democracy in the neoliberal city.
Bio: Curran is Professor and Chair of the Department of Geography at DePaul University. Her research focuses on understanding the effects of gentrification on the urban landscape, looking at labor, policing, environmental gentrification, and the gendering of urban policy. She is the author of Gender and Gentrification (Routledge 2018) and Co-Editor, with Trina Hamilton, of Just Green Enough: Urban Development and Environmental Gentrification (Routledge 2018). Her work has appeared in Urban Studies, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Environment and Planning A, Urban Geography, and Local Environment. She was a Public Voices Fellow with the Op-Ed Project, with op-eds published in The New York Times, Daily Beast, and The Conversation. She received her Ph.D. from Clark University.
More about Curran >>>
10:15-10:45 a.m. — Coffee Break
10:45 a.m.-12:15 p.m. — Panel 3: "Climate Justice"
Moderated by Daniel Miller, Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Summer Gray
Environmental Studies, University of California at Santa Barbara
More about Gray >>>
Tony Reames
School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan
More about Reames >>>
Darren Ranco
Anthropology, University of Maine
More about Ranco >>>
12:15- 1 p.m. — Lunch
1-2 p.m. — Lunchtime Keynote
Kimberley Wassermann-Nieto
Little Village Environmental Organization, Chicago
More about Little Village Environmental Organization >>>
2-2:15 p.m. — Coffee Break
2:15- 4 p.m. — Panel 4: "Race, Housing, Pollution"
Moderated by Amy Ando, Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Peter Christensen
Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
More about Christensen >>>
Spencer Banzhaf
Economics, Georgia State University
More about Banzhaf >>>
Rachel Morello-Frosch
More about Morello-Frosch >>>
Brentin Mock
More about Mock >>>
4:15- 5:30 p.m. — Panel 5: "Sustainability Justice: Thinking Globally"
Moderated by Zsuzsa Gille, Sociology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Kim Suiseeya
Political Science, Northwestern University
More about Suiseeya >>>
Debarati Sen
Geography, Kennesaw State University
More about Sen >>>
Giovanna Di Chiro
Environmental Studies, Swarthmore College
More about Di Chiro >>>
5:30-6:15 p.m. — Reception
6:15-7:30 p.m. — Closing Keynote
Law, Wake Forest University
More about Knox >>>
7:30 p.m. — Closing Remarks
Accommodations & More
North side of Illini Union facing Green Street.
The Illini Union is located on Green Street, right at the meeting point of Urbana and Champaign. This facility is a warm and welcoming space perfect for soaking in the latest knowledge on how water, agriculture, and energy interact in our world today and in the future.
Address: 1401 W. Green St.
View on Google Maps or the Illinois Campus Map.
Illini Union website
Many of the Champaign-Urbana Mass Transit District's bus routes pass right in front of the Illini Union on Green Street, or stop close by at the Illinois Transit Plaza. The 2 Red, 5 Green, 8 Bronze, 10 Gold, 12 Teal, 13 Silver, 21 Raven, and 22 Illini stop on Green at the newly renovated stops.
Bicycle racks are available, and active transportation is encouraged.
Parking is available at meters in nearby lots and along the street. Please be sure to read the specific instructions of your meter; each street and lot can be slightly different from others nearby.
Nearby eats: In addition to the Union's own food court and eateries throughout the building, there are plenty of places to grab a bite to eat between sessions on Green Street.
Willard Airport (CMI)
The quickest, easiest way to travel a long distance to the iSEE Congress is to fly into Willard Airport (CMI) in Savoy.


text:
Алан Артур Джонсон (;  , Лондон, Англія) — британський політик-лейборист. Міністр внутрішніх справ з 5 червня 2009 по 11 травня 2010. До цього він обіймав широкий спектр міністерських посад в обох урядах Блера і Брауна, у тому числі міністра охорони здоров'я і міністра освіти. Джонсон є членом парламенту з 1997 року.

Він походить з родини робітничого класу. Осиротівши у ранньому віці, він був вихований своєю старшою сестрою. Джонсон залишив школу у 15 років і влаштувався на роботу складальником у Tesco, а потім став листоношею. Він брав участь у профспілковій діяльності і у 1987 році став офіційним представником Союзу працівників зв'язку, був обраний генеральним секретарем Союзу у 1992.

Джонсон був двічі одружений, має чотирьох дітей.

Примітки

Посилання
 Офіційний сайт

Уродженці Лондона
Профспілкові діячі Великої Британії
Члени парламенту Великої Британії
Міністри внутрішніх справ Великої Британії
Лейбористи Великої Британії
Персоналії за алфавітом
Члени Таємної ради Великої Британії

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


what info do you need and where can i find it?
Can you please send a backup of your current settings to the Winstep support address?
No news on what might be causing the crash yet, but... I have to say I've never seen a configuration like yours.
Restoring settings took an unusually long time, and I could see why afterwards: you have 48 docks and sub-docks defined, nearly all of them in-Shelf sub-docks. From those only 9 are regular docks (even though three of them are disabled).
Anyway, the problem is that a lot of stuff that exists there (themes, bitmaps, icons, etc...) does not exist here, and it might just be one of those missing things that is responsible for the crashes you have been experiencing lately. I'll let your configuration run for a while to see if I come up with something anyway... so far, nothing, no apparent memory leaks or anything.
How often would you say you get a crash?
You might want to read THIS PAGE on Steam KB. Even though its for games, it does point out that "the most common cause of this error is a background application interfering with the game".
you mean 'smooth text' scrolling in advanced performance settings?
Confirmed. Any changes made to the Email Checker settings panel when the panel is invoked via the right-click context menu are discarded. Only happens with the Email Checker module. Fixed it here already, thanks for pointing it out.
What do you mean by this? I did make some changes in that area, so icon customizations, etc, made in the modules tab in Preferences are immediately reflected in the module's settings dialog.
Could you please post a screenshot so I understand better what is happening there?
I'll look into the other issues in a little while.
would winstep work better if i put all the shortcuts and icons in one folder somewhere on the disk?
No. Before, when you scrolled the dock list in the Docks & Shelves tab, there really was no scrolling per se. The docks simply moved into their new slots.
I found this a bit confusing since it did not give you any visual feedback and it was getting on my nerves too. So now when you use the scroll bar (or the mouse wheel) on this tab, you should notice that the dock list smoothly scrolls up and down.
What do you mean by this? I did make some changes in that area, so icon custommizations, etc, made in the modules tab in Preferences are immediately reflected in the module's settings dialog.
Eh? Your dock backgrounds are all 100% transparent, though?


During the last week of April a group from the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA, Washington), the Center for International Policy (CIP, Washington), Asociación MINGA(Bogotá), and the Institute for Development and Peace Studies (INDEPAZ, Bogotá) traveled to Tumaco, on the Pacific coast of Colombia's far southwest, near the border with Ecuador.
With a population of 180,000 and a land area about equal to Rhode Island, the city and surrounding municipality (county) of Tumaco make up one of Colombia's most troubled and violent territories. Every year, Tumaco is listed as Colombia's number-one or number-two municipality for the cultivation of coca, the crop used to make cocaine (the country has 1,100 municipalities). It also has one of the country's highest murder rates — well over 100 homicides per 100,000 residents — and a strong guerrilla and paramilitary-group presence.
We traveled to Tumaco because it is also one of about fourteen sites chosen for a U.S.-supported military and development aid program that is, in a way, the successor to "Plan Colombia." Known as "Consolidation" or "Integrated Action," this large-scale program purports to introduce a functioning government in long–neglected territories.
Our four organizations are carrying out a joint project to monitor this program. Though its design indicates that learning has taken place since Plan Colombia's launch in 2000, we have concerns about Consolidation: the role of the military, coordination between government bodies, consultation with communities, effects on land tenure, and several others.
In each of the chosen zones, the Consolidation strategy begins with offensive military operations to establish "security conditions." Then, it aims quickly to bring in the rest of the government to provide basic services in a phased, coordinated way.
'Security' is important for any aspect of our lives is it in regard to the nation or a person, both have the same influences and any harm to either will affect both. The financial systems that exist, the frauds ones HB Swiss and many others affect the economic growth of the nation and the person as well.
According to the Consolidation program's documents, the desired end state is the military's near-total pullout from the zone, leaving behind a functioning government, greatly reduced violence, the absence of armed groups, and the elimination of drug production.
Though we were looking at it in Tumaco, the United States has invested most heavily in Consolidation elsewhere in Colombia since the program began, in its current form, in 2007. A December 2009 report by the Center for international Policy, "After Plan Colombia," looks at Consolidation in two of those zones of greater investment: the La Macarena region south of Bogotá, and the Montes de María region near the Caribbean coast. U.S. officials tell us that the program is advancing with Washington's support in the southern part of Tolima department, west of Bogotá, but we have not yet visited that zone.
Though it appears in the list of consolidation zones and is clearly a priority because of drug production, we hadn't heard as much about how the program was proceeding in Tumaco. We chose to visit the city, though, because of a close tie to U.S. policy: its crisis of violence and drug-trafficking owes in part to Plan Colombia's unintended consequences.
Fumigation planes share the tarmac at Tumaco's airport.
In 2000, a US$1.3 billion aid package from the United States, the first outlay of funds for Plan Colombia, allowed a dramatic expansion of aerial herbicide fumigation in the department of Putumayo, about 250 miles east of Tumaco, bordering Tumaco's home department of Nariño. At the time, Putumayo was Colombia's largest producer of coca. Plan Colombia extended into Putumayo a huge aerial herbicide fumigation program. U.S. planners did not accompany this spraying program with anywhere near enough alternative development assistance for Putumayo's farmers. In fact, Plan Colombia lacked any real attempt to establish a permanent civilian government presence there; it continues to be weak in Putumayo.
As a result, many Putumayans whose crops were sprayed and found themselves with no economic options migrated to the Pacific coast, particularly Tumaco. The town of Llorente, in the eastern part of Tumaco municipality, is occasionally called "Putumayito" because of the large number of Putumayan migrants.
The displacement of coca, and coca growers, to Putumayo upset the social order in what was then one of Colombia's most forgotten corners. Tumaco's mostly Afro-Colombian population lives in near-total isolation from the rest of the country, engaging in subsistence agriculture or growing basic cash crops like coconuts, cacao, or plantains. Lining the many rivers flowing into the Pacific are communities settled by freed and escaped slaves, whose descendants were excluded and held apart from Colombia's national life.
In 1993, two years after Colombia approved a progressive new constitution, a new law — Law 70 — recognized the landholdings of these and hundreds of other Afro-Colombian communities in the country's isolated, undeveloped, densely jungled Pacific lowlands. These landholdings, known as Community Councils, are held in common. Titled collectively, they make up a significant percentage of Tumaco's land area. A smaller but significant amount of land is in the hands of indigenous communities.
This major advance in recognition of their property rights, unfortunately, came at the same time that these communities entered into greater contact with the outside world. Instead of government officials offering security, justice and basic services, though, "contact" meant encounters with narcotraffickers and large landowners, who were often the same people.
The narcotraffickers were attracted by Tumaco's strategic value. Its rivers have proven to be ideal corridors for taking shipments of drugs to the Pacific Ocean — directly or through Ecuador — and on to Mexico, Central America, and the United States. Its dense jungles provide cover for laboratories to make cocaine. Its coastal mangrove estuaries provide innumerable hiding spots for boats transshipping drugs. (They also hide "semi-submersibles:" homemade submarines, usually pulled behind a boat, that carry tons of cocaine at a time and are difficult to detect.) As coca cultivation migrated to Tumaco during the early 2000s, the municipality became a center of cocaine cultivation, production, and transshipment -– one of few territories where all phases of the cocaine production process take place simultaneously.
For their part, large landowners saw vast expanses of well-watered, undeveloped land ideal for large-scale, capital-intensive agribusiness. These include profitable products like African oil palm and cattle ranching. The oil palm — used increasingly in biofuels — experienced a boom during the mid-2000s, along with massive land purchases, until a blight destroyed most of Tumaco's crop.
While landowners began encroaching on the Community Councils' territories, the profitable coca trade proved to be a temptation to many of the Councils' residents. UNODC has found (PDF page 62) coca-growers earning a net income of perhaps US$10-12 per day — about double the minimum wage in Colombia's formal economy, and better than most cash crops offer. Its product, a highly portable paste that traffickers later refine into cocaine, is far easier to market in roadless territories.
With the coca boom, however, came a far greater presence of illegal armed groups whose presence in Tumaco had been only sporadic before. In fact, while economics enticed some to grow coca, many others have been forced to plant the crop by the guerrillas or paramilitaries who held sway in their territories.
The FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) and ELN (National Liberation Army) guerrilla groups started out raising funds to buy guns by taxing coca growers, but soon went on to participate in production and trafficking. They built up their presence in the municipality during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Guerrillas, especially the FARC's 29th front, began killing community leaders whom they viewed as threats to their dominion, extorted funds from business owners, and controlled communities' movements along the rivers.
The guerrillas had little competition from Colombia's state, which was barely present in Tumaco beyond a few military and police posts and a badly corrupt municipal government. Government representatives spent very little time outside the county seat, leaving the forgotten communities along the rivers at the armed groups' mercy.
The drug trade's wealth then attracted an illegal armed group from the other side: the pro-government, drug funded paramilitary network known as the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, or AUC. The AUC's so-called Liberators of the South Bloc, headed by Guillermo Pérez Alzate, who went by the name "Pablo Sevillano," moved into the zone after 2000. As in other zones of guerrilla influence, the newly arrived paramilitaries carried out a brutal wave of hundreds of extrajudicial killings and massacres of those they believed to be guerrilla collaborators. The violence displaced tens of thousands of people to Tumaco's town center and to cities elsewhere in the country, while thousands more crossed the border into Ecuador. For their part, Colombia's security forces combated "Pablo Sevillano's" men only on the rarest of occasions.
After pushing the coca economy from Putumayo, Plan Colombia followed the coca crops to Tumaco. The U.S. and Colombian governments' initial response to Tumaco's drug and violence crisis was not to strengthen the state's presence in the municipality. Instead, Plan Colombia offered a sharp increase in aerial herbicide fumigation over the Community Councils' collectively held lands. Nariño, led by Tumaco, has been by far the most fumigated of Colombia's 32 departments during the past ten years.
Víctor Quiñones of the Chagüí Community Council, whose USAID-funded development project was repeatedly fumigated.
The fumigation came with alternative development programs, financed by USAID and other donors. These covered only a small portion of the affected communities, though, and could do little in a context of statelessness, lack of transportation, uncertain land tenure, and out-of-control violence. Worse, the U.S.–backed Colombian National Police fumigation program has insisted on spraying any coca plants it detects, meaning that alternative development projects funded by USAID have routinely been sprayed merely because of the proximity of coca plants.
Despite large-scale fumigation, coca growing has proved stubborn in Tumaco. This is largely a result of the state's absence from most of the territory and the lack of other economic alternatives for growers. So when the U.S. and Colombian governments begin pursuing Consolidation — a strategy that explicitly seeks to build up the government's on-the-ground presence — Tumaco appeared to be a prime candidate.
Despite that, our attempt to evaluate Consolidation's performance in Tumaco was more challenging than we expected. The main problem was that nobody in the municipality seemed to know what we were talking about, even though Consolidation had officially been functioning and present in Tumaco since 2008.
In other parts of the country, Consolidation is also often known as CCAI, after the name of the agency in the Colombian Presidency (Center for the Coordination of Integrated Action) that manages it. In Tumaco, however, when we asked civil society leaders about the CCAI (pronounced "Say-Kigh"), they responded, "What kind of fruit is that?" A top municipal government official told us of having received e-mail about the program and hearing nothing since, until the CCAI held a meeting in early April.
The CCAI "Coordination Center" in Tumaco.
We paid a visit to the CCAI headquarters for Tumaco: it is a room with desks, computer equipment and maps at a beachside hotel complex heavily used by police and contractors involved with coca-eradication missions. The office is meant to coordinate all government agencies' activities to establish a presence in the zone; the Tumaco "coordination center," however, appeared to have only a handful of staff and a very small administrative footprint.
Unlike La Macarena — a zone where the United States has helped finance hundreds of millions of dollars in military offensives and development projects — Tumaco has seen very little investment in the Consolidation framework. Instead, the activities the United States is actually paying for in Tumaco look more like the same Plan Colombia programs of a decade ago.
As in Putumayo circa 2002, fumigation is massive, while alternative development projects lag behind in stateless, insecure areas. Building up a civilian, institutional state presence on the ground is still a faraway goal toward which little progress is notable, even in the town center.
When fumigation eliminates growers' legal crops or food crops, food security assistance is rarely available. Local human rights and development workers affirmed that a significant portion of those who displace from Tumaco's Afro Colombian communities today are fleeing repeated fumigation.
Why has "Consolidation" stumbled at the starting gate in Tumaco? The main reason is resources. Its far-flung geography makes Tumaco very hard to govern, and its high poverty and indigence rates mean that needs are greater. A proper Consolidation program in Tumaco would require an immense amount of funding, a large multiple of what USAID, other donors and the Colombian treasury are currently providing. The United States has not planned to invest such resources in Tumaco — a great shame considering the amount that the United States has invested in forced eradication — and Colombia's government has done little to fill the gap.
Leaders of the Las Varas community exude optimism.
To date, the significant exception appears to be a program begun by the Nariño governor's office called "Si Se Puede" (Yes We Can). This is a small program –- the governor's office, in the hands of a leftist opposition party under Governor Antonio Navarro Wolff, a former leader of the disbanded M-19 guerrillas –- is strapped for cash and heavily indebted. Nonetheless, the Si Se Puede program did answer positively to a request for development financing from the leaders of one Afro-Colombian Community Council in Tumaco: the community of Rescate-Las Varas.
Here, in exchange for the community's willingness to eradicate their own coca, the government is offering assistance with USAID support. Farmers are getting food-security aid as they switch to legal cash craps like cacao, coconuts, managed forestry, fish farming and others. The successful eradication of most coca in Las Varas is leading local officials to consider the community a model. Local coordinators of the CCAI in Tumaco say they plan to work with the Las Varas community to guarantee further investment and to extend the model elsewhere in Tumaco.
This expectation to provide future support was the main concrete example we heard of the Consolidation program's activity in Tumaco. As Governor Navarro (and likely his party) leave office at the end of this year, the sustainability of the government's commitment to Las Varas is in question. Consolidation may have to pick up where "Sí Se Puede" left off.
This may be far more difficult than it sounds. The community's trust in the government remains fragile, and relationships forged with the governor's office may not be easily transferrable to a new entity. Meanwhile the Las Varas community faces friction with other Community Councils uncomfortable with its embrace of the state or unhappy that they are not receiving similar investment.
The Consolidation program is proceeding haltingly in conditions that continue to be among the least secure in the country. Indeed, the Las Varas community has suffered the death of six or seven village leaders (depending on whether or not some were accidents or homicides) as a result of their choice to abandon coca and work with the state. The FARC guerrillas remain very active in Tumaco and neighboring municipalities, participating in the drug trade, targeting local leaders, particularly indigenous leaders, attacking military and police targets, and making travel difficult on the few existing secondary and tertiary roads.
Two anonymous sources, indicating points on a map, talk about security conditions in Tumaco.
Further downriver and along the coast itself, one finds the heirs of the AUC paramilitary group, which disbanded officially in 2006. (Pablo Sevillano, the head of the AUC's Liberators of the South Bloc, is now in a U.S. prison serving time for drug trafficking.) Former mid-level AUC commanders now control smaller groups that exist mainly for the drug trade, but still regularly threaten local leaders and engage in land theft. These so-called "emerging criminal groups" are popping up all over the country. Many reportedly have little to fear from the police and military, though this is usually a result of corruption, not alliance. Some in fact do drug business with the FARC guerrillas, and often fight each other for territory.
In Tumaco, the "new" paramilitary group that appears to have wrested control from the others is called Los Rastrojos (the word refers to what is left behind after a harvest), which is one of the most powerful of the new groups nationwide. The Rastrojos now control most riverine traffic in coastal Tumaco, especially the boatloads of cocaine that continue to leave the zone. The FARC, however, do continue to control some rivers and corridors, and joint guerrilla-paramilitary drug shipments have been detected.
The security situation in Tumaco remains dire. Most people we talked to, regardless of their social sector, were reluctant to talk at length about the perpetrators of the zone's violence and narcotrafficking. Some authorities, however, said that the number of incidents of murder and other violent crime had dropped since the middle of last year; this, they suspect, may be a result of the Rastrojos' defeat of their paramilitary rivals and assumption of greater territorial control. Tumaco's trafficking routes may be somewhat less contested than before, and the FARC — with the exception of some recent kidnapping-for-ransom attempts in the city center — are largely forced to operate upriver, further from the coast.
The government response to the Rastrojos remains unclear. As in other parts of the country, the armed forces tend to consider them primarily to be a police responsibility. Colombia's police forces, however, are meant to operate in urban areas (with the exception of small, specialized units like Carabineros or Junglas). When they operate in rural zones, as they usually do, the Rastrojos end up in a "doughnut hole" of security-force responsibility: they are in the jurisdiction of army and marine units who consider them primarily to be a police issue. This is compounded by a chronic lack of coordination between the armed forces and police.
Amid this panorama of violence and narcotrafficking, the Consolidation or Integrated Action effort has barely begun. Tumaco's challenges make it difficult to determine where to start, especially when U.S. and Colombian government funding hasn't been generous.
The Colombian government is currently evaluating or rethinking the national Consolidation effort. When the government announces the results of this rethinking — probably in June — these will include a reduction in the number of "Consolidation" zones from the current fourteen. Several zones will see their CCAI offices close, and promises of state presence and investment will go unfulfilled. The remaining zones, however, will presumably see far greater investment than before.
It is likely that Tumaco will remain in the national Consolidation scheme. If so, perhaps a year or two from now Tumaco's local leaders will have heard and seen enough of Consolidation to be able to evaluate the program and gauge its impact on their communities — which to date has been nearly zero.
This is a "first take" on our trip to Tumaco written by WOLA Senior Associate Adam Isacson. We'll soon post observations from other participants in this visit and one we took to the La Macarena Consolidation zone. We'll be visiting La Macarena and other Consolidation sites again in a few months, and publishing joint reports about each.


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SPAZ reviews the Collector's Edition of LIMAHL's debut solo album!
LIMAHL
DON'T SUPPOSE
(2CD Collector's Edition)
IMPORTCDS DEEPDISCOUNT
Limahl is best known as the vocalist for '80s Teen Pop stars Kajagoogoo. While many bands take years to fall apart in the wake of their success, Kajagoogoo wasted no time a controversial line-up change. The band was still on their ascension with a few hit singles and an album in the charts when they ejected Limahl, taking their fans by complete surprise. Thankfully, both camps managed to temporarily recover after the dust had cleared. Kajagoogoo's bassist Nick Beggs took over lead vocals and they released the album Islands not too long after the singer's departure. Meanwhile, Limahl aligned himself with producers De Harris (Fashion) and Tim Palmer and recorded this debut solo album Don't Suppose, released in 1984.
What people don't remember about Kajagoogoo is that they may have been marketed as Pop fluff, the musicians involved were far more accomplished than they were given credit for. Rumors speculated that Limahl was ousted because he wanted to take the band in a more commercial Pop direction and judging by this debut solo platter, that only seemed to be a half-truth. Yes, the album is slick and polished, but it isn't the blatant display of aural Cheese Whiz that people were expecting. The album's original tracks, all penned by Limahl, occupy a place somewhere between commercial Pop and thoughtful - though not pretentious - songcraft. However, Limahl had still not come into his own as a songwriter so the hooks take a few spins before they stick in your head - a fact that was more than likely lost on his teenage fans who cared more about his (horrific) hairstyle than they did his music. In 1984, the charts were filled with lighweight Pop songs and those that listened to the radio didn't have time to let the hooks for the singles "Only For Love" and "Too Much Trouble" sink in. No fault to Limahl, but it was a shame that his more mature material didn't connect as well as it should have. I'm sure there was a lesson learned in their somewhere.
The album didn't initially set the charts on fire, but then along came "Never Ending Story," the theme song that Giorgio Moroder and Keith Forsey wrote for the movie of the same name. The song WAS a massive hit single and the Don't Suppose album was repressed with "Never Ending Story" replacing the less-than-stellar album track "The Greenhouse Effect." For a short while, Limahl was back on top with a hit single and album, which must have been a private victory for the singer when Kajagoogoo's post-Limahl releases didn't fare as well. There was DEFINITELY a lesson learned there and Limahl and Moroder would end up working together again.
This deluxe two CD edition includes the full album (with "Never Ending Story") as well as three bonus tracks including the track cut from the original issue. The second disc contains various remixes of the singles, a few non-album tracks and three impressive unreleased demos.
Don't Suppose didn't break any new ground, but it proved that Limahl was a fighter and he still had his eye on the prize. Certainly worth your time to pick this one up if you are a fan of Kajagoogoo, Limahl and early to mid '80s Pop/New Wave.
Posted by Stephen SPAZ Schnee at 7:51 PM
Labels: AMPED Distribution, Cherry Red, Discussions Magazine, Giorgio Moroder, Kajagoogoo, Limahl, Never Ending Story, Review, Stephen SPAZ Schnee
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Wayne H. Miller and Barbara S. Sargent, Goulston & Storrs, P.C.
Employee benefits play a large role in the attraction and retention of an employers workforce, and family-owned businesses are no exception. The end of the calendar year is usually a time when employers are providing their employees with benefit plan elections for the coming year. While employees are reviewing their benefit choices, employers should use this time to review their benefit plans to ensure they are in compliance with the myriad of complex laws related to health and retirement plans.


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Бедряж (устар. Бедряжка) — река в России, протекает по Пермскому краю. Устье реки находится в 22 км от устья реки Стреж. Длина реки составляет 13 км.

Данные водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Камскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Белая от города Бирск и до устья, речной подбассейн реки — Белая. Речной бассейн реки — Кама.

Код объекта в государственном водном реестре — 10010201612111100025766.

Примечания

Бассейн Быстрого Таныпа
Реки Чернушинского района


Outstanding communication and able to get us in quickly! Documentation of inspections included photos, detailed information, and the quote.
I was in Fairbanks on business and I had some unexpected car troubles. The crew at Simard got me in right away and took care of it, which is a huge deal for a shop to do that at a moment's notice. I was extremely grateful and they were wonderful. I would absolutely recommend them!!
Polite and professional staff. The coupon is what really brought me back and the thorough detailed inspection on my vehicle. Keep it up!
Thorough inspection, explained everything well and walked me through the key things to address. I take all my cars here to have them inspected, especially if it seems like something more difficult to pinpoint. I always leave confident, knowing that everything has really been checked and like that there are pictures to act as a 2nd verification for that.
Brad, thanks to you and the mechanical team for diagnosing my check engine light. New plugs, new wires, new gaskets and more power on delivery. I appreciate the good work and quick turnaround time. That's why I choose Simard for all my vehicle needs.
This was the 1st visit for our Ford Explorer Sport Trac. Cat the service writer was beyond helpful and communicated with me as to an estimate and drilled down to what I really wanted done and what I was willing to spend. On the day Of the appointment, I was pleasantly surprised to see an e-mail later in the day showing all work that was done and recommendations for future work. I was more than surprised how reasonable the price was. Exceptional service and I highly recommend Simard Automotive.
Great service. Great people. Glad we found this service company.
I have been very pleased with the service here. I have 3 trucks that they service for over 3 years and they have been very honest about what repairs are needed. I live in Denali and they have been great at getting me an appointment that works with my schedule.
Brad, thanks to you and the Simard crew for your efforts. The check engine light was on in my rig; the crew found the problem and fixed it along with some general maintenance tasks I needed done. Great job. My wife and I appreciate your efforts.
Timely appointment. Nate Bowder was very helpful. And as a bonus they found my extra key ring that I had been searching for.


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In Brazil, the 'Nest-best' Hope for Protecting Gray-breasted Parakeets
Bennett Hennessey December 27, 2018
Although most of us could not identify a Gray-breasted Parakeet in a line-up, this species is now undergoing one of the bird conservation world's most impressive comebacks. It's one of a number of highly effective efforts to save parrots using a very specific conservation tool: nest boxes. These encouraging results remind us that we can save endangered species – sometimes quickly – if we mobilize and work together.
History of a Turn-around
Back in 2009, I visited American Bird Conservancy's (ABC) Brazilian partner Aquasis, meeting with Alberto Campos, who was then Executive Director, and Fabio Nunes, manager of a new effort to use nest boxes to save Gray-breasted Parakeets. The hope was that the nest box program would turn things around for a bird with a highly restricted range, very little remaining habitat, few available nesting sites, and added pressure from poachers seeking to snatch their young for the pet trade.
Gray-breasted Parakeet. Photo by Fabio Nunes
We searched all day for Gray-breasted Parakeets, finally seeing five, which flew in, then shot downslope and out of sight. That first year, despite everyone's high hopes, no parakeets nested in the boxes put out for them.
But by 2011, persistence combined with trial and error paid off, when Aquasis' Gray-breasted Parakeet conservation program, with annual support from the Loro Parque Fundación, counted 33 chicks fledging from the 10-by-10-by-18-inch wooden nest boxes.
Since then, the project's success has mushroomed: In the last eight years, the Aquasis nest box program has yielded an astounding 841 chicks. In 2018 alone, 234 chicks fledged from 62 nest boxes — seven times the number of fledged chicks in 2011!
Illegal captures are way down, too. Since 2009, to counter the illegal pet trade, the program has been expanding local awareness of the parakeet and the need to protect it, with the help of ABC since 2016.
Fixing the Housing Shortage
Why are nest boxes so essential to these birds? Unlike woodpeckers, parrots cannot excavate wood, relying instead upon existing tree cavities for nest sites – usually abandoned woodpecker holes and rotted holes left after tree limbs snap off. Prime real estate, these sheltered sites are also sought by other birds, as well as bees. Plus, the cavities have to be large enough to house an extended family because a Gray-breasted Parakeet breeding pair is assisted by family helpers.
Humanity's insatiable appetite for land and timber compounds this already tight "housing shortage." Even in otherwise intact forests, it is not uncommon for the oldest, most valuable trees to be cut and hauled away. But today in northeastern Brazil, very little forest of any quality remains, following extensive conversion to farm fields and pasture.
Gray-breasted Parakeet chicks. Photo by Fabio Nunes
As part of ABC's continued support to its conservation partners, I revisited the Gray-breasted Parakeet project in March of 2018. ABC is interested in supporting Aquasis' efforts to relocate individuals to other areas with similar habitat that have lost the species in the past, as well as continuing to support the education and awareness program as it moves to surrounding areas as the population expands.
As we visited different nest box sites, I kept contrasting what I was seeing in 2018 with memories of my 2009 visit. This time, the birds were plentiful: We saw nest box after nest box with healthy Gray-breasted Parakeet families raising eager chicks. Also, while driving, Aquasis' Fabio several times heard the flight calls of Gray-breasted Parakeets in new areas where the species had not been recorded. It was very encouraging. We expect to see the parakeet numbers continue to climb.
The Gray-breasted Parakeet was downlisted on the IUCN Red List from Critically Endangered to Endangered in 2017, although it remains Critically Endangered on the Brazilian Red List. Regardless of the differing status designations, it is clear that the Aquasis conservation program, with its nest boxes, along with habitat protection and fewer illegal captures, is saving an important species from extinction.
Promising Trends for Parrots
Luckily, although people endangered the bird, we now seem to be saving the species. The Gray-breasted Parakeet joins ranks with other promising nest box ventures for rare parrots:
Gray-breasted Parakeet in Brazil (Endangered; population from 150 to as high as 999)
Hyacinth Macaw in Brazil (Vulnerable; 4,300 but declining, though nest boxes are helping)
Blue-throated Macaw in Bolivia (Critically Endangered; up from 50 to more than 400)
Yellow-eared Parrot in Colombia (Endangered; up from around 80 to 1,400)
El Oro Parakeet in Ecuador (Endangered and in decline; approximately 350)
Golden-plumed Parakeet in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (Vulnerable; approximately 2,500)
White-necked Parakeet in Ecuador and Peru (Vulnerable; approximately 1,500).
Thanks to these efforts, involving communities, governments, and organizations such as Aquasis, ABC, and others, it's likely that nest box programs will become a standard conservation practice for large cavity-nesting birds. And that will be a good thing for parrots around the world, their habitats, and the people who admire them.
Bennett Hennessey is ABC's Brazil Conservation Program Coordinator. He has worked extensively in Bolivia, including at Asociación Armonía's Blue-throated Macaw Reserve.
« 10 Biggest Conservation Wins for Birds in 2018
Saving the Reddish Egret, a Seashore Sentinel »


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Travel Etiquette: How to Avoid the Chatty Cathy Seatmate
Katherine Fan
Welcome to Travel Etiquette, a new TPG column that explores the fragile social contracts and the delicate dos and don'ts of travel. Have an opinion or suggestion for a future subject? Sound off in the comments below.
In recent years, our society has become obsessed with avoiding communication — especially while commuting.
Lyft is toying with the idea of a "Zen Mode" feature that would notify your driver if you're not interested in small talk. And the European long-distance ride-sharing service BlaBlaCar allows drivers to profile themselves based on their communication style: "Bla" for the laconic, "BlaBla" for social talkers, and "BlaBlaBla" for the especially chatty.
But on planes, travelers are not just stuck in their seats. They're often, many times, forced to fly alongside random seatmates. Social anxiety ramps up in situations like this, where people agonize over the best way to exit an uncomfortably personal conversation, or how to avoid seeing a proud grandma's photos of her little brood of descendants at Disneyland.
How can you politely communicate your wish for silence without being outright rude and creating tension for the remaining, say, nine hours of flight time? To help you confidently escape inflight small talk on your next flight, we spoke to TPG Lounge members, etiquette expert Diane Gottsman of The Protocol School of Texas and TPG's resident flight attendant, Carrie A. Trey, for expert guidance.
Use props to signal your preference for quiet
"Subtle signs like [putting] headphones on signal to other travelers that you are hoping to have some alone time," Diane Gottsman, frequent flyer and founder of The Protocol School of Texas, told TPG.
Nearly every reader in the TPG Lounge agreed that their "best defense is a strong offense" when it comes to handling Chatty Cathys. That means traveling with a pair of solid noise-canceling headphones A number of TPG Lounge members suggested boarding the flight with the headphones already on, to immediately indicate a disinterest in conversation.
The Points Guy himself opts for Bose QuietComfort 35 wireless headphones when traveling. He also tries to pick solo seats whenever possible (such as onboard the 767 from JFK to MIA) or to go to sleep right away if seatmates are inevitable.
In addition to sleep masks and sunglasses, or hiding inside the hood of a sweatshirt, which all signal your intentions for sleep or silence, some travelers are a bit more aggressive about fending off talkative travelers.
Some TPG Lounge members revealed that wearing surgical face masks can deter people from unnecessary interactions. "Maybe we should all whip out a surgical mask that says 'contagious,'" Auddie M. suggested.
Fred S., on the other hand, straight-up tells his seatmates, "My flu is almost gone; please excuse any coughing I may do during the flight."
Of course, like headphones, other "props" such as books, newspapers, laptops, iPads and phones all signal to fellow travelers that your inflight agenda does not include casual conversation.
Try verbal and body language cues
"On short flights, I've gone so far as to pretend I don't know their language," Carrie A. Trey told TPG.
A handful of TPG Lounge members also reported using this tactic. "I turn to them and, in perfect English, say, 'I'm sorry, I don't speak English,'" Shawn P. said.
Frank I. said that a simple "no English" works wonders with Chatty Cathys. You can, of course, attempt this by substituting another language.
Other travelers pointedly turn toward the window and stare out at the view, using body language to demonstrate their disinterest in conversation.
Take the straightforward approach
For those who prefer more direct methods, you can always tell your seatmate upfront that you'd prefer not to chat.
"There are always the subtle signs such as putting headphones on, feigning sleep or reclining back in your seat [that] suggest to fellow passengers that you're not interested in conversation," Gottsman said. "But sometimes, you want to be left alone without having to go through all the motions or creating little white lies. In those situations, there's absolutely nothing wrong with speaking up."
Gottman suggests saying something polite but firm, such as "If you'll excuse me, I'm just going take this time to get some rest," with a pleasant, neutral demeanor and tone. "When you say it politely with the right tone of voice and a smile on your face, people understand. And you can certainly handle [the situation] wrong by being rude, but there's nothing wrong with just taking the time in a tiny little space [such as a plane] to be by oneself."
For fellow passengers who truly don't take the hint, Trey says it's perfectly fine to notify a flight attendant and ask for third-party intervention, or to discreetly ask for alternative seating. "If it's available, we usually try to accommodate our passengers as best as we can," Trey said. "Timing is everything — the sooner we know, the sooner we can do something about it."
But Trey also cautioned travelers against feeling entitled to the "right" to have an empty seat next to them on board. "Entitlement is the source of most conflict on planes," Trey said, explaining how travelers often get grumpy when they think they're seated in an open row until flight attendants move a former middle seat-traveler into the aisle seat.
"Lose that sense of entitlement," Trey said. "Unless you bought two seats, you should expect to be seated next to someone."
Trey also suggests adopting the "super unapproachable look," which combines all of the tactics mentioned above. "[Go] the whole nine yards — noise-canceling, over-the-ear headphones; sunglasses; fan open a large newspaper as a physical barrier. Pretend to be asleep."
How to avoid being a Chatty Cathy seatmate
In turn, what if you're the talkative one? Some gregarious extroverts truly don't mind speaking with fellow travelers; in fact, some thrive on it.
"It's all about reading body language and cues," Gottman said. "Just be aware and thoughtful of the other person's actions. If someone answers you in one-word sentences and doesn't ask follow-up questions, that's a pretty good sign they're not interested in talking — because when someone is interested and engaged, it's a two-way street. If they're not engaging back, they, for whatever reason, aren't interested in talking."
Gottman's final suggestion to travel extroverts? Don't hold back on potential friend-making opportunities … but also, don't take it personally if other travelers opt for silence in the skies.
Photo by Caiaimage/Agnieszka Olek/Getty Images
Katherine Fan started out as a TPG reader in 2013 and joined TPG as a writer in 2015. As Senior Travel Features Reporter, Katherine produces content for almost all of TPG's verticals: breaking news, human interest features, points and miles coverage, and travel.


There are more than two-dozen Free to Air channels in Australia (also known as Free View) including the five major channels presented below, ABC, SBS, Seven, Nine and Ten. The content found on Free to Air TV, whether it be a key sporting event such as the Bledisloe Cup or a popular television series, are either developed in-house, contracted through a partnership with their regional affiliate, or purchased through an open bidding process with competing carriers for the program's broadcast rights.
Enjoy the action as the best sides in Men's Rugby Sevens battle for the right to claim the biggest trophy in the sport. This year's HSBC series continue to Singapore where the Men's group matches kick off early in the afternoon on Saturday the 13th of April, with the finals held Sunday the 14th of April (Sydney time), and Aussie fans can enjoy watching the Rugby Sevens live with Kayo Sports and Foxtel Now.
Stream the Rugby 7's LIVE and Free!
While you won't find the 2019 Rugby Sevens on free to air TV in Australia, Fox Sports (Foxtel) and the newly launched Kayo Sports will carry every match LIVE, to include all pool matches and the finals, including the option to watch the HSBC Rugby 7's live online.
As such Australian residents may wish to review the Kayo Sports 14 day free trial offer. With the Kayo trial you will have access to these same Fox Sports broadcasts and can stream the Rugby Sevens free using eligible mobile devices, and with their pause/rewind option you never need to miss a key moment of the action.
Channel 7 is a leading provider of free to air sports and TV entertainment in Australia, and no better example was the Summer Olympics held in Rio. The action was exclusive to Seven with over 1,000 hours of Live free to air coverage.
Australia's revered Free to Air Broadcaster has, for decades, brought both entertainment and fiercely independent news & current affairs to the entire nation, from capital cities to the smallest outback towns. Making the most of its often limited funds, the ABC has long been one of the most trusted institutions in the country.
Australia's youngest commercial TV network, Ten was seen as the home of the juggernaut singing contest Australian Idol and the Aussie version of Big Brother. More recently, Ten's audience has broadened and its programming has expanded to match it, with Masterchef Australia drawing in millions of viewers as the flagship local production. Much of channel Ten's television content is sourced from overseas these days, but there's still plenty of local flavour, not the least from Neighbours – one of the longest-running drama series in the history of television.
Known as the pioneer of live entertainment in Australia, Nine spent decades as the most popular TV network in the country. The Nine Network of today has high-budget shows such as Underbelly and Australia's Got Talent sharing space with huge live-to-air hits like the Telstra NRL premiership, the morning news show Today along with 60 Minutes and A Current Affair, as well as reality show juggernaut The Block – which attracts millions of viewers to every episode.
Arriving in 1980, SBS started life as a government-funded alternative public broadcaster with a brief to provide programming for Australia's large and ever-expanding multicultural population. In recent years it's expanded on that original concept, and while they still provide a vast array of programs and news services in various languages, SBS places a strong emphasis on entertainment as well. The network is also famous for its international TV programming – a selection of movies from around the globe.
Launched in partnership with CBS in the US, 10 All Access mobile streaming is Network Ten's online service that features all the best shows from 10 and CBS delivered live and on demand. This lineup includes hit TV series such as The Bachelor, Survivor, NCIS, The Good Wife, plus late night shows and live news that you can catch commercial-free. Not only can you stream classic favourites, but you can also watch new releases even before they hit free to air. You can kick things off with a 1-month free trial to check it out, and then proceed to cancel anytime.


Melanoma is responsible for the majority of deaths related to skin cancer. Worryingly, prognoses show an increasing number of melanoma cases each year worldwide. Radiotherapy, which is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, has proved to be useful but insufficient in melanoma management due to exceptionally high radioresistance of melanoma cells. This problem could be overcome by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) used as heat mediators in magnetic hyperthermia, which not only enhance radiosensitivity, but also enable precise targeting by exploitation of their magnetic properties.